FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Westphal, A Smart, JR AF Westphal, A Smart, JR TI Depth distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis - Under different tillage and crop sequence systems SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; nematode depth distribution ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; POPULATION-DENSITY; CYST NEMATODE; SOYBEAN YIELD; COTTON; MANAGEMENT AB The population density of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, was monitored at depths of 0 to 30, 30 to 60, 60 to 90, and 90 to 120 cm in a tillage and crop sequence trial in south Texas in 2000 and 2001. Main plots were subjected to three different tillage systems: conventional tillage (moldboard plowing and disking), ridge tillage, and notillage. Subplots were planted with three different crop sequences: spring cotton and fall corn every year; spring cotton and fall corn in one year, followed by corn for two years; and cotton followed by corn and then grain sorghum, one spring crop per year. The population density of R. reniformis on corn and grain sorghum was low throughout the soil profile. In plots planted with spring cotton and fall corn every year, fewer nematodes were found at depths of 60 to 120 cm in the no-tillage and ridge tillage systems than in the conventional tillage system. Population densities were lower at depths of 0 to 60 cm than at 60 to 120 cm. Soil moisture and cotton root length did not affect nematode population densities in the field. When soil was placed in pots and planted with cotton in the greenhouse, lower population densities developed in soil taken from depths of 0 to 60 cm than in soil from depths of 60 to 120 cm. Final nematode populations were similar in size in soil from the different tillage systems, but reproductive factors were higher in soil from plots with reduced-tillage systems than in soil from plots with conventional tillage. Reduced-tillage practices lowered the risk of increases in R. reniformis populations and reduced population densities following 2 years of nonhosts throughout soil depths, but population densities resurged to the same high levels as in soil planted with cotton every year during one season of cotton. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Westphal, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1182 EP 1189 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.9.1182 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714YX UT WOS:000184943800016 PM 18944104 ER PT J AU Jaime-Garcia, R Cotty, PJ AF Jaime-Garcia, R Cotty, PJ TI Aflatoxin contamination of commercial cottonseed in South Texas SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A. flavus; geographic information systems; indicator kriging; kriging; spatial analysis; variogram ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; VIRUS; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; POTATO; STRAIN; SPREAD AB Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites produced by several members of Aspergillus section Flavi. U.S. federal regulations limit the use of aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed. Cottonseed with aflatoxin content of 20 ng/g or higher may not enter the profitable dairy market. Between 4,472 and 9,949 truckloads of cottonseed from 31 to 35 gins in South Texas were analyzed for aflatoxin content each year from 1997 to 2001 upon receipt at the Valley Co-op Oil Mill in Harlingen, TX The highest levels of contamination occurred in 1999, with an average aflatoxin content of 112 ng/g and 66% of the cottonseed truckloads exceeding 20 ng/g. Years 1997 and 2000 had the lowest aflatoxin levels, averaging 24 ng/g, with the lowest incidence (16%) of the truckloads exceeding 20 ng/g in 1997. In general, aflatoxin contamination increased as the ginning season progressed. Rainfall after boll opening correlated highly with aflatoxin content, with rainfall in July explaining over 50% of the observed variability in aflatoxin content. South Texas was divided into four regions: Rio Grande Valley, Coastal Bend, Upper Coast, and Winter Garden. Geostatistical analyses revealed recurrent patterns of high and low contamination. The greatest contamination occurred from the central Coastal Bend region through the southern Upper Coast region. The Rio Grande Valley region experienced the least contamination during the study period. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pjcotty@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1190 EP 1200 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.9.1190 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714YX UT WOS:000184943800017 PM 18944105 ER PT J AU Monte, E Alonso, JM Ecker, JR Zhang, YL Li, X Young, J Austin-Phillips, S Quail, PH AF Monte, E Alonso, JM Ecker, JR Zhang, YL Li, X Young, J Austin-Phillips, S Quail, PH TI Isolation and characterization of phyC mutants in Arabidopsis reveals complex crosstalk between phytochrome signaling pathways SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID SHADE AVOIDANCE RESPONSES; THALIANA L HEYNH; FLOWERING TIME; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; INTERNODE ELONGATION; LIGHT; PLANT; PHOTORECEPTORS AB Studies with mutants in four members of the five-membered Arabidopsis phytochrome (phy) family (phyA, phyB, phyD, and phyE) have revealed differential photosensory and/or physiological functions among them, but identification of a phyC mutant has proven elusive. We now report the isolation of multiple phyC mutant alleles using reverse-genetics strategies. Molecular analysis shows that these mutants have undetectable levels of phyC protein, suggesting that they are null for the photoreceptor. phyC mutant seedlings were indistinguishable from wild-type seedlings under constant far-red light (FRc), and phyC deficiency had no effect in the phyA mutant background under FRc, suggesting that phyC does not participate in the control of seedling deetiolation under FRc. However, when grown under constant red light (Rc), phyC seedlings exhibited a partial loss of sensitivity, observable as longer hypocotyls and smaller cotyledons than those seen in the wild type. Although less severe, this phenotype resembles the effect of phyB mutations on photoresponsiveness, indicating that both photoreceptors function in regulating seedling deetiolation in response to Rc. On the other hand, phyB phyC double mutants did not show any apparent decrease in sensitivity to Rc compared with phyB seedlings, indicating that the phyC mutation in the phyB-deficient background does not have an additive effect. These results suggest that phyB is necessary for phyC function. This functional dependence correlates with constitutively lower levels of phyC observed in the phyC mutant compared with the wild type, a decrease that seems to be regulated post-transcriptionally. phyC mutants flowered early when grown in short-day photoperiods, indicating that phyC plays a role in the perception of daylength. phyB phyC double mutant plants flowered similarly to phyB plants, indicating that in the phyB background, phyC deficiency does not further accelerate flowering. Under long-day photoperiods, phyA phyC double mutant plants flowered later than phyA plants, suggesting that phyC is able to promote flowering in the absence of phyA. Together, these results suggest that phyC is involved in photomorphogenesis throughout the life cycle of the plant, with a photosensory specificity similar to that of phyB/D/E and with a complex pattern of differential crosstalk with phyA and phyB in the photoregulation of multiple developmental processes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Plant Biol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Maxygen Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Biotechnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ecker, Joseph/B-9144-2008; Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Alonso, Jose/K-6826-2014 OI Ecker, Joseph/0000-0001-5799-5895; Alonso, Jose/0000-0001-7087-1571 NR 64 TC 120 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2003 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1962 EP 1980 DI 10.1105/tpc.012971 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 722CM UT WOS:000185357900003 PM 12953104 ER PT J AU Jurgens, JA Blanchette, RA Zambino, PJ David, A AF Jurgens, JA Blanchette, RA Zambino, PJ David, A TI Histology of white pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern white pine SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE five-needle pines; host response ID CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; MONTICOLA AB White pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, has plagued the forests of North America for almost a century. Over past decades, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) that appear to tolerate the disease have been selected and incorporated into breeding programs. Seeds from R strobus with putative resistance were collected from Oconto River Seed Orchard, Nicolet National Forest, WI. Seedlings were grown for 5 months and artificially inoculated with basidiospores of C. ribicola in two replicated greenhouse experiments. Needles from infected seedlings were fixed, sectioned, and stained with a variety of histological reagents, and rate of mortality for the remaining seedlings was monitored. The most susceptible families suffered 50% mortality in approximately half the time of the more resistant families. Extensive inter- and intracellular hyphae were observed in needles from seedlings of susceptible families, whereas hyphal proliferation was restricted in needles of resistant seedlings. Needles from resistant families had pronounced responses to infection. Phenolics, observed with phloroglucinol-HCl staining, were deposited around infection sites where dense mycelial masses were present. Abnormal host cell growth and rapid cell death in the immediate area of infection were also observed in some eastern white pine families. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Jurgens, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, 495 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1026 EP 1030 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.9.1026 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715MA UT WOS:000184975100003 ER PT J AU Alderman, SC Barker, RE AF Alderman, SC Barker, RE TI Evaluation of resistance to ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea, in Kentucky bluegrass, based on incidence and severity estimates SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Poa pratensis ID WHEAT; SEED AB Ergot. caused by Claviceps purpurea, is an important disease of Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed. Resistance is a preferred means of disease control, although approaches to evaluating ergot resistance in Kentucky bluegrass are not well established. A large scale disease assessment trial was established to compare within-year and year-to-year variability among measures of ergot incidence or severity in Kentucky bluegrass and to determine the most efficient approaches for cultivar evaluation. The susceptibility of 104 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars (78 commercial and 26 experimental) to ergot was assessed, based on percentage of particles with sclerotia (incidence), sclerotia per particle (severity), percentage of seeds replaced by sclerotia, or percentage of sclerotia among seed by weight. Cultivar ranking for susceptibility within years was similar for all methods of ergot assessment. Yearly mean incidence of ergot among cultivars ranged from 1.0 to 97.5% for susceptible cv. HV102 to 0.0 to 2.5% for resistant cv. Huntsville. with remaining cultivars distributed between the extremes. Yearly mean values of ergot incidence and severity differed among years. Much of this variability was due to days with rain during the period from flower initiation to maturity (period of susceptibility). Disease incidence was correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) with days with rain in 22 of the cultivars. Duration of flowering was correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) with ergot incidence in I I cultivars. Results from this study suggest that variability in host and environment would likely offset any gain in precision of severity data. In large trials in particular, collection of incidence data (percentage of particles with ergot) would provide the most timely and efficient means for ergot assessment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alderman, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1043 EP 1047 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.9.1043 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715MA UT WOS:000184975100006 ER PT J AU Harmon, PF Dunkle, LD Latin, R AF Harmon, PF Dunkle, LD Latin, R TI A rapid PCR-based method for the detection of Magnaporthe oryzae from infected perennial ryegrass SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; INVERTED REPEAT TRANSPOSON; GRAY LEAF-SPOT; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; TISSUE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB Gray leaf spot caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a serious disease of perennial ryegrass in the midwestern United States. Symptoms of gray leaf spot can be confused with those caused by other fungal diseases that also are common during periods of high temperatures and ample moisture. Because turf managers must select appropriate fungicides for remedial treatment, accurate and timely identification of the pathogen is essential for efficient and effective disease management. We developed and evaluated a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to detect M. oryzae in infected perennial ryegrass tissue. The method utilizes a commercially available kit that is used for isolation and amplification of plant DNA from leaf tissue. The kit protocol was modified and found to be reliable for the extraction of M. oryzae DNA from infected perennial ryegrass. Primers were designed to amplify a 687-bp fragment of the Pot2 transposon that is found in multiple copies in the genome of the pathogen. The protocol amplified amounts of purified DNA as low as 5 pg and consistently and specifically detected M. oryzae in single diseased leaf blades as well as in field samples of infected perennial ryegrass. The total time required for detection was approximately 4 to 8 h. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Latin, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1072 EP 1076 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.9.1072 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715MA UT WOS:000184975100010 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Cram, MM Handoo, ZA AF Fraedrich, SW Cram, MM Handoo, ZA TI Suitability of southern pines, other selected crops, and nutsedge to a Longidorus sp associated with stunting of loblolly pine seedlings SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID XIPHINEMA; SOIL AB An undescribed needle nematode (Longidorus sp.) has been associated with severely stunted loblolly pine seedlings at a south Georgia nursery. Containers with selected crop and weed species were infested with 100 or 200 adults and juveniles of the Longidorus individuals to evaluate host suitability. Nematode populations increased in containers with slash, loblolly, and longleaf pine seedlings. The Longidorus sp. significantly reduced the dry root weights of slash (P = 0.008) and loblolly (P = 0.047) but not longleaf (P = 0.095) pine compared with controls. Populations of Longidorus decreased on nutsedge and small grains, including wheat, rye, oat, sorghum. and millet: and, in most experiments, populations decreased to levels found in fallow containers. Populations decreased on tomato and cabbage but increased slightly on red oak, The periodic removal of fields from pine production to grow cover crops consisting of small grains or to maintain fallow fields may be an important practice for management of this Longidorus sp. C1 USDA, ARS, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1129 EP 1132 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.9.1129 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715MA UT WOS:000184975100020 ER PT J AU Reddy, TY Reddy, VR Anbumozhi, V AF Reddy, TY Reddy, VR Anbumozhi, V TI Physiological responses of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) to drought stress and its amelioration: a critical review SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Review DE drought-resistant varieties; drought stress; drought-stress management; environments; groundnut; (Arachis hypogea L.); water use efficiency ID DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES; WATER-DEFICIT STRESS; SOIL-MOISTURE STRESS; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; PEANUT CULTIVAR; USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN LEGUMES; YIELD; IRRIGATION; GENOTYPES AB Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.), is an important legume cash crop for the tropical farmers and its seeds contain high amounts of edible oil (43 - 55%) and protein (25 - 28%). Even though it is a fairly drought-tolerant, production fluctuates considerably as a result of rainfall variability. To develop a water stress response function in groundnut, research works have been done to improve the performance under varying degrees of stress at various physiological stages of crop growth. This review summarizes recent information on drought resistance characteristics of groundnut with a view toward developing appropriate genetic enhancement strategies for water-limited environments. It is suggested that there are considerable gains to be made in increasing yield and stabilizing the yield in environments characterized by terminal drought stress and by shortening crop duration. Many traits conferring dehydration avoidance and dehydration tolerance are available, but integrated traits, expressing at a high level of organization are suggested to be more useful in crop improvement programs. Possible genetic improvement strategies are outlined, ranging from empirical selection for yield in drought environments to a physiological - genetic approach. It was also suggested that in view of recent advances in understanding drought resistance mechanisms, the later strategy is becoming more feasible. It is summarized that application of knowledge into practice in a systematic manner can lead to significant gains in yield and yield stability of the world's groundnuts production. Research is needed to develop transferable technology to help farmers of arid and semi-arid regions. Increasing soil moisture storage by soil profile management and nutrient management for quick recovery from drought are some of the areas that need to be explored further. C1 Univ Tokyo, Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Agr Res Stn, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Anbumozhi, V (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo, Japan. NR 104 TC 72 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1023/A:1027353430164 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 740BD UT WOS:000186380200010 ER PT J AU Hardin, SC Tang, GQ Scholz, A Holtgraewe, D Winter, H Huber, SC AF Hardin, SC Tang, GQ Scholz, A Holtgraewe, D Winter, H Huber, SC TI Phosphorylation of sucrose synthase at serine 170: occurrence and possible role as a signal for proteolysis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CDPK; maize; phosphorylation; proteasome; SnRK1; sucrose synthase ID PROTEIN-KINASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; MAIZE; PROTEASOME; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Sequence analysis identified serine 170 (S170) of the maize (Zea mays L.) SUS1 sucrose synthase (SUS) protein as a possible, second phosphorylation site. Maize leaves contained two calcium-dependent protein kinase activities and a calcium-independent kinase activity with characteristics of an sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase. Phosphorylation of the novel S170 and the known serine 15 (S15) site by these protein kinases was determined in peptide substrates and detected in SUS1 protein substrates utilizing sequence- and phosphorylation-specific antibodies. We demonstrate phosphorylation of S170 in vitro and in vivo. The calcium-dependent protein kinases phosphorylated both S170 and S15, whereas SNF1-related protein kinase activity was restricted to S15. Calcium-dependent protein-kinase-mediated S170 and S15 phosphorylation kinetics were determined in wild-type and mutant SUS1 substrates. These analyses revealed that kinase specificity for S170 was threefold lower than that for S15, and that phosphorylation of S170 was stimulated by prior phosphorylation at the S15 site. The SUS-binding peptides encoded by early nodulin 40 (ENOD40) specifically antagonized S170 phosphorylation in vitro. A model wherein S170 phosphorylation functions as part of a mechanism targeting SUS for proteasome-mediated degradation is supported by the observations that SUS proteolytic fragments: (i) were detected and possessed relatively high phosphorylated-S170 (pS170) stoichiometry; (ii) were spatially coincident with proteasome activity within developing leaves; and (iii) co-sedimented with proteasome activity. In addition, full-length pS170-SUS protein was less stable than S170-SUS in cultured leaf segments and was stabilized by proteasome inhibition. Post-translational control of SUS protein level through pS170-promoted proteolysis may explain the specific and significant decrease in SUS abundance that accompanies the sink-to-source transition in developing maize leaves. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Dept Biol, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 5 BP 588 EP 603 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01831.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717GM UT WOS:000185079200004 PM 12940952 ER PT J AU Huq, E Al-Sady, B Quail, PH AF Huq, E Al-Sady, B Quail, PH TI Nuclear translocation of the photoreceptor phytochrome B is necessary for its biological function in seedling photomorphogenesis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE glucocorticoid receptor; light signaling; nuclear translocation; photoreceptor; phytochrome; subcellular distribution ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIGHT; EXPRESSION; GENES; LOCALIZATION; REGULATOR; SEQUENCES; RECEPTOR; SIGNALS; PLANTS AB The phytochrome (phy) family of sensory photoreceptors (phyA to phyE in Arabidopsis) enables plants to optimize their growth and development under natural light environments. Subcellular localization studies have shown that the photoreceptor molecule is induced to translocate from cytosol to nucleus by light, but direct evidence of the functional relevance of this translocation has been lacking. Here, using a glucocorticoid receptor-based fusion protein system, we demonstrate that both photoactivation and nuclear translocation combined are necessary and sufficient for the biological function of phyB. Conversely, neither artificial nuclear translocation of non-photoactivated phyB nor artificial retention of photoactivated phyB in the cytosol provides detectable biological activity. Together these data indicate that signal transfer from photoactivated phyB to its primary signaling partner(s) is localized in the nucleus, and conversely suggest the absence of a cytosolic pathway from photoactivated phyB to light-responsive genes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 5 BP 660 EP 664 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01836.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717GM UT WOS:000185079200010 PM 12940958 ER PT J AU Yau, YY Simon, PW AF Yau, YY Simon, PW TI A 2.5-kb insert eliminates acid soluble invertase isozyme II transcript in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots, causing high sucrose accumulation SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrot; Daucus carota; insert; invertase; knockout mutant; sugar metabolism ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; YEAST-DERIVED INVERTASE; CELL-WALL INVERTASE; TOMATO FRUIT; BETA-FRUCTOSIDASE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SINK METABOLISM; CDNA CLONING; EXPRESSION; SUGAR AB The predominant storage carbohydrates of mature carrot ( Daucus carota L.) storage roots typically are the free sugars glucose and fructose. This trait is conditioned by the Rs allele. A naturally occurring recessive mutation, rs/rs, conditions a shift from these reducing sugars to sucrose. RT-PCR and sequencing revealed a unique 2.5 kb insert in the first and largest intron near the 5' end of the acid soluble invertase isozyme II gene of rs/rs carrots. This insert was not totally spliced out during mRNA processing. While the wild-type acid-soluble invertase isozyme II transcript ( ca. 2 kb) was detected in Rs/Rs roots and leaves, none was observed in rs/rs roots throughout development. RT-PCR of rs/rs leaves revealed two novel transcripts (2.7 kb and 3.2 kb). A comparison of enzyme activity between the near-isogenic Rs/Rs and rs/rs carrot lines revealed very low acid-soluble invertase activity in rs/rs roots whereas neutral invertase, sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase levels were comparable. Those results and linkage analysis indicate that Rs is a candidate locus for carrot vacuolar acid-soluble invertase isozyme II. Although the 2.5 kb insert does not occur in the Rs wild-type acid-soluble invertase isozyme II allele, it does occur elsewhere in the genome of Rs/Rs plants. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Res Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Res Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1023/B:PLAN.0000009272.44958.13 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 754WX UT WOS:000187356900012 PM 14756313 ER PT J AU Cazzonelli, CI Velten, J AF Cazzonelli, CI Velten, J TI Construction and testing of an intron-containing luciferase reporter gene from Renilla reniformis SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE dual luciferase assay; firefly; intron; luciferase; Photinus pyralis; Renilla reniformis; reporter gene; sea pansy ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; BINARY VECTORS; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; SEQUENCE; MARKER AB We describe a new Renilla reniformis luciferase reporter gene, RiLUC, which was designed to allow detection of luciferase activity in studies involving Agrobacterium-based transient expression studies. The RLUC gene was altered to contain a modified intron from the castor bean catalase gene while maintaining consensus eukaryotic splicing sites recognized by the plant spliceosome. RLUC and RiLUC reporter genes were fused to the synthetic plant SUPER promoter. Luciferase activity within agrobacteria containing the SUPER-RLUC construct increased during growth in culture, In contrast, agrobacteria harboring the SUPER-RiLUC gene fusion showed no detectable luciferase activity. Agrobacteria containing these gene fusions were cotransformed with a compatible normalization plasmid containing a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV) joined to the firefly luciferase coding region (FiLUC) and infused into tobacco leaf tissues through stomatal openings. The kinetics of luciferase production from the RLUC or RiLUC reporters were consistent, with expression of the RiLUC gene being limited to transiently transformed plant cells. RiLUC activity from the reporter gene fusions was measured transiently and within stably transformed tobacco leaf tissues. Analysis of stably transformed tobacco plants harboring either reporter gene fusion showed that the intron altered neither the levels of luciferase activity nor tissue-specific expression patterns driven by the SUPER promoter. These results demonstrate that the RiLUC reporter gene can be used to monitor luciferase expression in transient and stable transformation experiments without interference from contaminating agrobacteria. C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1007/BF02772802 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 759LK UT WOS:000187739000004 ER PT J AU Hu, JG Vick, BA AF Hu, JG Vick, BA TI Target region amplification polymorphism: A novel marker technique for plant genotyping SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE EST; genotyping; Helianthus annuus; PCR; target region amplification polymorphism ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; GENOME; AFLP AB The advent of large-scale DNA sequencing technology has generated a tremendous amount of sequence information for many important organisms. We have developed a rapid and efficient PCR-based technique, which uses bioinformatics tools and expressed sequence tag (EST) database information to generate polymorphic markers around targeted candidate gene sequences. This target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) technique uses 2 primers of 18 nucleotides to generate markers. One of the primers, the fixed primer, is designed from the targeted EST sequence in the database; the second primer, the arbitrary primer, is an arbitrary sequence with either an AT- or GC-rich core to anneal with an intron or exon, respectively. PCR amplification is run for the first 5 cycles with an annealing temperature of 35degreesC, followed by 35 cycles with an annealing temperature of 50degreesC. For different plant species, each PCR reaction can generate as many as 50 scorable fragments with sizes ranging from 50-900 bp when separated on a 6.5% polyacrylamide sequencing gel. The TRAP technique should be useful in genotyping germplasm collections and in tagging genes governing desirable agronomic traits of crop plants. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 136 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF02772804 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 759LK UT WOS:000187739000006 ER PT J AU Michiels, A Tucker, M Van den Ende, W Van Laere, A AF Michiels, A Tucker, M Van den Ende, W Van Laere, A TI Chromosomal walking of flanking regions from short known sequences in GC-rich plant genomic DNA SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE chromosomal walking; flanking sequence amplification; promoter isolation ID ASYMMETRIC INTERLACED PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EXTRACTION; GENE; L. AB High-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced (HE-TAIL) PCR is a modified thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) method for finding unknown genomic DNA sequences adjacent to known sequences in GC-rich plant DNA. Necessary modifications to obtain high-efficiency amplification of flanking sequences are the inclusion of 2 control reactions during tertiary cycling and the design of long gene-specific primers, which can be used during single-step annealing-extension PCR. The modified protocol is suitable to walk from short known sequences, such as sequence-tagged sites (STS), expressed sequence tags (EST), or short exon sequences, and enables researchers to clone full-length open reading frames (ORFs) without library screening. Moreover, the HE-TAIL method can be used to identify DNA sequences flanking T-DNA insertions or to isolate promoter regions. Although individual steps are limited to about 4 kb, multiple steps can be done to walk upstream or downstream of known regions. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Bot & Microbiol, Dev Biol Lab, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. ARS, USDA, SGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Michiels, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Van Laere, Andre/F-2133-2011; Van den Ende, Wim/I-6899-2013 OI Van den Ende, Wim/0000-0003-1137-3614 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1007/BF02772805 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 759LK UT WOS:000187739000007 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH AF Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH TI Nitrogen deficiency increases volicitin-induced volatile emission, jasmonic acid accumulation, and ethylene sensitivity in maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-NUTRIENT BALANCE; HERBIVORE-INDUCED VOLATILES; MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; LIMA-BEAN PLANTS; ZEA-MAYS-L; METHYL JASMONATE; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Insect herbivore-induced plant volatile emission and the subsequent attraction of natural enemies is facilitated by fatty acid-amino acid conjugate (FAC) elicitors, such as volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine], present in caterpillar oral secretions. Insect-induced jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (E) are believed to mediate the magnitude of this variable response. In maize (Zea mays) seedlings, we examined the interaction of volicitin, JA, and E on the induction of volatile emission at different levels of nitrogen (N) availability that are known to influence E sensitivity. N availability and volicitin-induced sesquiterpene emission are inversely related as maximal responses were elicited in N-deficient plants. Plants with low N availability demonstrated similar volatile responses to volicitin (1 nmol plant(-1)) and JA (100 nmol plant(-1)). In contrast, plants with medium N availability released much lower amounts of volicitin-induced sesquiterpenes compared with JA, suggesting an alteration in volicitin-induced JA levels. As predicted, low N plants exhibited greater sustained increases in wound- and volicitin-induced JA levels compared with medium N plants. N availability also altered volicitin-E interactions. In low N plants, E synergized volicitin-induced sesquiterpene and indole emission 4- to 12-fold, with significant interactions first detected at 10 nL L-1 E. Medium N plants demonstrated greatly reduced volicitin-E interactions. Volicitin-induced sesquiterpene emission was increased by E and was decreased by pretreatment the E perception inhibitor I-methylcyclopropene without alteration in volicitin-induced JA levels. N availability influences plant responses to insect-derived elicitors through changes in E sensitivity and E-independent JA kinetics. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 80 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 1 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1104/pp.103.024174 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 723JR UT WOS:000185429700030 PM 12970495 ER PT J AU Shomer, I Novacky, AJ Pike, SM Yermiyahu, U Kinraide, TB AF Shomer, I Novacky, AJ Pike, SM Yermiyahu, U Kinraide, TB TI Electrical potentials of plant cell walls in response to the ionic environment SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID L TUBER CELLS; SWELLING BEHAVIOR; FREE SPACE; ALUMINUM; MEMBRANES; MODEL; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM; COMPLEXES; TOXICITY AB Electrical potentials in cell walls (psi(Wall)) and at plasma membrane surfaces (psi(PM)) are determinants of ion activities in these phases. The psi(PM) plays a demonstrated role in ion uptake and intoxication, but a comprehensive electrostatic theory of plant-ion interactions will require further understanding of psi(Wall). psi(Wall) from potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots was monitored in response to ionic changes by placing glass microelectrodes against cell surfaces. Cations reduced the negativity of psi(Wall) effectiveness in the order Al3+ > La3+ > H+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Ca2+ > CO7+ > Cd2+ > Mg2+ > Zn2+ > hexamethonium(2+) > Rb+ > K+ > Cs+ > Na+. This order resembles substantially the order of plant-root intoxicating effectiveness and indicates a role for both ion charge and size. Our measurements were combined with the few published measurements of psi(Wall),, and all were considered in terms of a model composed of Donnan theory and ion binding. Measured and model-computed values for psi(Wall) were in close agreement, usually, and we consider psi(Wall) to be at least proportional to the actual Donnan potentials. psi(Wall),, and psi(PM) display similar trends in their responses to ionic solutes, but ions appear to bind more strongly to plasma membrane sites than to readily accessible cell wall sites. psi(Wall) is involved in swelling and extension capabilities of the cell wall lattice and thus may play a role in pectin bonding, texture, and intercellular adhesion. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Gilat, Israel. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Shomer, I (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 1 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1104/pp.103.024539 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 723JR UT WOS:000185429700041 PM 12970506 ER PT J AU Clark, SE Hayes, PM Henson, CA AF Clark, SE Hayes, PM Henson, CA TI Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in beta-amylase 1 alleles from barley on functional properties of the enzymes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrase; endosperm; exoamylase; Hordewn vulgare; malting; mashing; starch degradation ID BETA-AMYLASE THERMOSTABILITY; SUBSTRATE-BINDING AFFINITY; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; SEVENFOLD-MUTANT; VARIETIES AB Differences in extractable beta-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.2) activities exist between enzymes from malt and feed barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.). Others have documented few differences in the beta-amylase (bmy1) gene coding regions and large differences in the non-coding regions of genomic DNA for endosperm specific beta-amylases from malt and feed barleys. Researchers correlated differences in intron III with different activity levels in the seeds. Here we demonstrate that differences in the coding regions of bmy1 from a malt ('Morex') and a feed ('Steptoe') barley significantly affected the biochemical properties of the enzymes. We evaluated the contributions of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms that caused differences in the amino acid sequences at positions 115, 165, and 430. Two polymorphisms (positions 115 and 430) were found to impact the enzymatic activity of beta-amylase. The effect of the single nucleotide polymorphism at position 165 was dependent upon the identity of the amino acid in position 115. The contributions of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms to beta-amylase thermostability varied with assay temperature. These biochemical results explain the contribution of the favorable bmy1 allele from the feed barley Steptoe to the quantitative trait loci found on chromosome 4H at the bmy1 locus. (C) 2003 Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Henson, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 798 EP 804 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(03)00118-9 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 733AB UT WOS:000185976800005 ER PT J AU Crane, J Miller, AL Van Roekel, JW Walters, C AF Crane, J Miller, AL Van Roekel, JW Walters, C TI Triacylglycerols determine the unusual storage physiology of Cuphea seed SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Cuphea; desiccation tolerance; freezing injury; imbibition; seed storage behavior; triacylglycerol ID INTERMEDIATE CATEGORY; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; IMBIBITIONAL LEAKAGE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FATTY-ACIDS; DRY POLLEN; BEHAVIOR; LIPIDS; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION AB Many species within the genus Cuphea (Lythraceae) produce seed with high levels of medium-chain fatty acids. Seeds of some Cuphea species lose viability when placed into storage at -18 degreesC. These species tolerate significant drying to 0.05 g/g and may, therefore, be intermediate in their storage characteristics. The thermal properties of seed lipids were observed using differential scanning calorimetry. Species with peak lipid melting temperatures greater than or equal to27 degreesC were found to be sensitive to -18 degreesC exposure while those with melting temperatures <27 degreesC were able to tolerate low-temperature exposure. This relationship was determined by the triacylglycerol composition of the individual species. Sensitive species have high concentrations of lauric acid (C(12)) and/or myristic acid (C(14)). Species with high concentrations of capric (C(8)) or caprylic acid (C(10)) or with high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids tolerate low temperature exposure. Potential damage caused by low temperature exposure can be avoided by exposing seeds to a brief heat pulse of 45 degreesC to melt solidified lipids prior to imbibition. The relationship between the behavior of triacylglycerols in vivo, seed storage behavior and sensitivity to imbibitional damage is previously unreported and may apply to other species with physiologies that make them difficult to store. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 42 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 217 IS 5 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1036-1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727RY UT WOS:000185674000003 PM 12743824 ER PT J AU Huang, J Cardoza, YJ Schmelz, EA Raina, R Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH AF Huang, J Cardoza, YJ Schmelz, EA Raina, R Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH TI Differential volatile emissions and salicylic acid levels from tobacco plants in response to different strains of Pseudomonas syringae SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE jasmonic acid; Nicotiana; Pseudomonas; plant volatiles; salicylic acid ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; JASMONIC ACID; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CELL-DEATH; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; PHYTOTOXIN CORONATINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PATHOGEN RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES AB Pathogen-induced plant responses include changes in both volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites. To characterize the role of bacterial pathogenesis in plant volatile emissions, tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum L. K326, were inoculated with virulent, avirulent, and mutant strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Volatile compounds released by pathogen-inoculated tobacco plants were collected, identified, and quantified. Tobacco plants infected with the avirulent strains P. syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Psm ES4326) or pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), emitted quantitatively different, but qualitatively similar volatile blends of (E)-beta-ocimene, linalool, methyl salicylate (MeSA), indole, caryophyllene, beta-elemene, alpha-farnesene, and two unidentified sesquiterpenes. Plants treated with the hrcC mutant of Pst DC3000 (hrcC, deficient in the type-III secretion system) released low levels of many of the same volatile compounds as in Psm ES4326- or Pst DC3000-infected plants, with the exception of MeSA, which occurred only in trace amounts. Interaction of the virulent pathogen P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pstb), with tobacco plants resulted in a different volatile blend, consisting of MeSA and two unidentified sesquiterpenes. Overall, maximum volatile emissions occurred within 36 h post-inoculation in all the treatments except for the Pstb infection that produced peak volatile emissions about 60 h post-inoculation. (E)-beta-Ocimene was released in a diurnal pattern with the greatest emissions during the day and reduced emissions at night. Both avirulent strains, Psm ES4326 and Pst DC3000, induced accumulation of free salicylic acid (SA) within 6 h after inoculation and conjugated SA within 60 h and 36 h respectively. In contrast, SA inductions by the virulent strain Pstb occurred much later and conjugated SA increased slowly for a longer period of time, while the hrcC mutant strain did not trigger free and conjugated SA accumulations in amounts significantly different from control plants. Jasmonic acid, known to induce plant volatile emissions, was not produced in significantly higher levels in inoculated plants compared to the control plants in any treatments, indicating that induced volatile emissions from tobacco plants in response to P. syringae are not linked to changes in jasmonic acid. C1 USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Biotechnol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 61 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 217 IS 5 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1039-y PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727RY UT WOS:000185674000010 PM 12712338 ER PT J AU Riechers, DE Zhang, Q Xu, FX Vaughn, KC AF Riechers, DE Zhang, Q Xu, FX Vaughn, KC TI Tissue-specific expression and localization of safener-induced glutathione S-transferase proteins in Triticum tauschii SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE coleoptile; detoxification; gene expression; herbicide safeners; protein localization; Triticum ID DICHLOROACETAMIDE ANTIDOTE BAS-145-138; WHEAT TRITICUM; HERBICIDE SAFENERS; AESTIVUM L.; GENE FAMILY; DETOXIFICATION; PURIFICATION; XENOBIOTICS; METABOLISM; INDUCTION AB Glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) gene expression was examined in the coleoptile and new leaf tissue of etiolated shoots of the diploid wheat species Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal., which is considered to be a progenitor and the D-genome donor to cultivated, hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. GST expression (mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity with a herbicide substrate) in these shoot tissues was examined in response to herbicide safener treatment. Two different antibody probes, raised against the same safener-inducible GST protein (TtGSTU1) but differing in their specificity, were utilized to determine tissue distribution and subcellular localization of GST proteins in etiolated shoots. GST transcripts, immunoreactive GST proteins, and herbicide-metabolizing activity were all highest in the coleoptile of etiolated, safener-treated T. tauschii shoots. Anti-GST immunolabeling was strongest in the outer epidermal and adjoining sub-epidermal cells in both coleoptiles and new leaves following safener treatment. Our data indicate that safeners protect grass crops from herbicide injury by dramatically inducing the expression of GST proteins in the outer cell layers of the coleoptile, which prevents the herbicide from reaching the sensitive new leaves of etiolated shoots as they emerge from the soil. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riechers, DE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 217 IS 5 BP 831 EP 840 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1063-y PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727RY UT WOS:000185674000017 PM 12827355 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Bai, JH Abbott, JA Lee, YS AF Saftner, RA Bai, JH Abbott, JA Lee, YS TI Sanitary dips with calcium propionate, calcium chloride, or a calcium amino acid chelate maintain quality and shelf stability of fresh-cut honeydew chunks SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE firmness; fresh-cut; melon; microbiology; postharvest physiology; sensory analysis; translucency; volatiles ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED CANTALOUPE; GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; DIVALENT-CATIONS; FRUIT-GROWTH; STORAGE; MELONS; SENESCENCE; COMPONENTS; LIFE AB Freshly cut honeydew chunks were dipped for 30 s in a solution containing 1.9 mM hypochlorous acid (ClO) without or with a 40 mM concentration of calcium (Ca) propionate, Ca amino acid chelate formulation (Ca chelate), calcium chloride (CaCl2), or not treated. Respiration and ethylene production rates, firmness, translucency, microbiological and sensory characteristics, surface color, volatile abundance, and tissue calcium content were evaluated during 7 d at 10 degreesC. Nontreated samples developed the highest respiration and ethylene production rates during storage, followed by samples dipped in ClO, ClO+CaCl2 or ClO+Ca chelate, and ClO+Ca propionate. Calcium salt and chelate treatments more than doubled tissue Ca content and inhibited changes in melon firmness, surface color, and the development of tissue translucency during storage. Treatment with ClO alone increased tissue translucency development, but inhibited surface microbial development. Microbial development was higher on nontreated melon samples than on ClO+Ca propionate-treated samples. Total quality-associated volatile abundance increased throughout storage and was higher in ClO+Ca propionate-treated samples than in other treated and nontreated samples. No sensorial preference was observed by consumer panels among ClO-, ClO + Ca propionate-, or ClO + Ca chelate-treated samples. The results indicate that a sanitary dip with Ca is a better alternative to a sanitary dip alone for quality maintenance and shelf-life stability of fresh-cut honeydew melon tissue. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Nutr & Food Sci Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Saftner, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, B-002,Rm 117, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00041-3 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 728HU UT WOS:000185712400003 ER PT J AU Bielke, LR Elwood, AL Donoghue, DJ Donoghue, AM Newberry, LA Neighbor, NK Hargis, BM AF Bielke, LR Elwood, AL Donoghue, DJ Donoghue, AM Newberry, LA Neighbor, NK Hargis, BM TI Approach for selection of individual enteric bacteria for competitive exclusion in turkey poults SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competitive exclusion; Salmonella; turkey poult; cecal microflora; poultry ID SALMONELLA COLONIZATION; BROILER CHICKS; INFECTION; CULTURE; FEED AB The intentional early colonization of the intestinal tract with beneficial microflora, known as competitive exclusion, has been shown to successfully protect poultry from selected enteric pathogens. Although effective cultures have been produced and are available, an inexpensive, air-tolerant, and completely defined culture is needed. Presently, we developed an in vitro competition assay to select for individual facultative anaerobes of poultry enteric origin that could exclude Salmonella. Using this assay, 24 isolates were selected and stored individually. These 24 isolates were amplified in batch culture (tryptic soy broth, 4 h at 40degreesC) and administered at final dilutions of 10, 100, or 1,000 cfu to day-of-hatch poults. Forty-eight hours later, poults were challenged with 100 to 1,000 cfu antibiotic-resistance-marked Salmonella enteritidis PT 13A by oral gavage. Five days later, all poults were killed, and cecal tonsils were aseptically removed for tetrathionate enrichment (24 h at 37degreesC) followed by selective plating with marker antibiotics. Selected lactose-negative, antibiotic-resistant colonies typical of Salmonella were further confirmed by serogrouping. Treatment-related protection ranged from 0 to 100% in three experiments. Greatest protection was related to the lowest concentrations of the protective microflora in each experiment. These data suggest that effective combinations of competitive enteric microflora can be identified by appropriate in vitro selection methods. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, ARS, PP&PSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1378 EP 1382 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 719QM UT WOS:000185215500003 PM 12967248 ER PT J AU Balog, JM Kidd, BD Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Anthony, NB AF Balog, JM Kidd, BD Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Anthony, NB TI Effect of cold stress on broilers selected for resistance or susceptibility to ascites syndrome SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascites; genetic selection; body weight; feed conversion; ascites mortality ID PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION SYNDROME; HIGH-ALTITUDE; HYPOBARIC CHAMBER; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; CHICKENS; TEMPERATURES; HEMATOLOGY AB Genetic selection for an ascites-resistant line of broilers is seen as a permanent solution to the ascites problem. Ascites-resistant and ascites-susceptible lines have been developed using sire family selection based on mortality data taken from siblings reared in a hypobaric chamber (simulated 2,900 m above sea level). The relaxed line is representative of the original commercial pureline stock randomly mated with no artificial selection pressure. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the differences between the lines when reared in floor pens and subjected to an ascites-inducing cold stress. Seven hundred eighty three straight run broilers were reared in floor pens at local elevation (390 m above sea level). Feed and water were available ad libitum. Birds were brooded at 32 C during the first week. The second week birds were maintained at 30degreesC. Cold stress was applied for the remaining 4 wk at 14degreesC. Mortalities were necropsied daily to determine cause of death. Birds and feed were weighed weekly. At 6 wk, five birds per pen were bled, and half the survivors in each pen (8 to 15 birds) were killed, necropsied, and scored for ascites. Blood gases, clinical chemistries, and blood cell counts were taken. Liver, spleen, split heart, and lung weights were recorded. Body weights were not different among the resistant, susceptible, and relaxed lines (P < 0.05). Feed conversion was better in the resistant line when compared to the susceptible and relaxed lines (P < 0.05). Ascites incidence, as measured by mortality and lesion score at necropsy, was higher in the susceptible and relaxed lines when compared to the resistant line; 18.8,12.7, and 1.6% respectively (P < 0.001). Susceptible and relaxed lines showed more right ventricular hypertrophy when compared with the resistant line (P < 0.05). The results show that under severe cold stress at local altitude (390 m above sea level), the ascites-resistant line was growing as rapidly as the other lines and was as resistant to ascites as it had been under hypobaric conditions. C1 USDA ARS, PP&PSR, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Balog, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, PP&PSR, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1387 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 719QM UT WOS:000185215500004 PM 12967249 ER PT J AU Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Jones, MS Gerard, PD AF Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Jones, MS Gerard, PD TI Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on the blood characteristics of commercial egg laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood; hematology; layer; lipid; Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; CHICKENS; SYNOVIAE; SERUM; CORTICOSTERONE; CHOLESTEROL; PATHOLOGY; ESTROGEN; ETIOLOGY; BREEDER AB In two trials, the effects of an F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation at 12 wk of age on the blood characteristics of commercial Single Combed White Leghorn laying hens were investigated throughout lay. Variables measured in both trials were whole blood hematocrit, plasma protein (PP), and serum cholesterol, triglycerides (ST), and calcium. In both trials, hematocrit at 20 wk of age was significantly increased in birds inoculated with FMG. In trial 1, ST and PP were significantly increased at 22 wk of age by FMG, while ST and PP were significantly decreased in FMG-inoculated birds at wk 54 and 52, respectively. When combined with the establishment of an FMG infection, the initial weeks of egg production become particularly stressful to the bird. Increases in these independent blood parameters between 8 and 10 wk postchallenge are suggestive of compensatory responses in these birds to an FMG challenge. Postpeak decreases in both ST (54 wk) and PP (52 wk) in FMG-infected birds may be the result of a more chronic effect of FMG on lipid and protein synthesis in the liver. These data are the first to suggest that alterations in egg production in response to FMG-infection in commercial layers, as noted in a previous report, may be associated with changes in hematocrit. However, because ST and PP were not affected by FMG in both trials, the responses of these blood parameters to FMG-infection may be inconsistent among flocks. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1397 EP 1402 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 719QM UT WOS:000185215500007 PM 12967252 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Callaway, TR Moore, RW Knape, KD Kubena, LF Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ AF Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Callaway, TR Moore, RW Knape, KD Kubena, LF Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of experimental chlorate product administration in the drinking water on Salmonella Typhimurium contamination of broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salmonella; crop; ceca; chicken; chlorate ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SODIUM-CHLORATE; POULTRY LITTER; COLONIZATION; CHICKENS; ENTERITIDIS; AMENDMENTS; ALUMINUM; PIGS AB The crop is a known source of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination. Previously, we evaluated lactic acid in the drinking water during a simulated pretransport feed withdrawal (FW) and reported 0.44% lactic acid significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of Salmonella recovered in market-age broiler crops. However, total consumption of the organic acid-treated drinking water was reduced. Presently, we evaluated the effect of experimental chlorate product (ECP; 1x ECP is equivalent to a 15 mM chlorate ion concentration) during a 10 h pretransport FW. Market-age broilers were obtained from a commercial processing plant and randomly assigned to ECP-treated or control (nontreated) groups. Broilers were challenged by crop gavage with 108 Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) immediately upon arrival and I d prior to termination of the experiment. One day later, broilers were killed for ST enumeration (cfu) in the crop and ceca. Broilers provided ECP 24 h prior to slaughter consumed slightly more ECP water than broilers provided distilled water. Treatment with ECP caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the incidence of ST in crop contents (20%) as compared to the controls (36.7%). Similarly, ECP treatment caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in number of ST (0.96 log(10) ST/g cecal content) detected in the ceca when compared to controls (2.52 log(10) ST). This study suggested that incorporation of ECP in the drinking water 24 to 48 h prior to slaughter could reduce Salmonella contamination in broilers. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 34 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1403 EP 1406 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 719QM UT WOS:000185215500008 PM 12967253 ER PT J AU Jones, TA AF Jones, TA TI The restoration gene pool concept: Beyond the native versus non-native debate SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic adaptation; genetic identity; metapopulation; multiple-origin polycross ID BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS; CRESTED-WHEATGRASS; POPULATIONS; BIODIVERSITY; SELECTION; BIOLOGY AB Restoration practitioners have long been faced with a dichotomous choice of native versus introduced plant material confounded by a general lack of consensus concerning what constitutes being native. The "restoration gene pool" concept assigns plant materials to one of four restoration gene pools (primary to quaternary) in order of declining genetic correspondence to the target population. Adaptation is decoupled from genetic identity because they often do not correspond, particularly if ecosystem function of the disturbed site has been altered. Because use of plant material with highest genetic identity, that is, the primary restoration gene pool, may not be ultimately successful, material of higher order pools may be substituted. This decision can be made individually for each plant species in the restored plant community in the scientific context that ecosystem management demands. The restoration gene pool concept provides a place for cultivars of native species and noninvasive introduced plant material when use of native-site material is not feasible. The use of metapopulation polycrosses or composites and multiple-origin polycrosses or composites is encouraged as appropriate. The restoration gene pool concept can be implemented as a hierarchical decision-support tool within the larger context of planning seedings. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 54 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 3 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2003.00064.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 708NW UT WOS:000184575400003 ER PT J AU Rubenstein, KD Heisey, PW Klotz-Ingram, C Frisvold, GB AF Rubenstein, KD Heisey, PW Klotz-Ingram, C Frisvold, GB TI Competitive grants and the funding of agricultural research in the United States SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; INCENTIVES; LESSONS AB Efforts to improve public agricultural research efficiency include calls to increase use of competitive grants. This paper empirically assesses different instruments the USDA uses to fund state-level research. Compared with other instruments, competitive grants focus more on basic research and are concentrated among fewer states. Model results suggest that top-ranked biology and agricultural science programs were strong determinants of states' shares of competitive grants. Other significant factors were agricultural sector size and number of agricultural scientists. USDA-funded state-level research focus did not change significantly because competitive grants comprised only 15% of these funds and other instruments counteracted their influence. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US Dept Commerce, Econ & Stat Adm, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rubenstein, KD (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL-WIN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 352 EP 368 DI 10.1111/1467-9353.00143 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 743QA UT WOS:000186584000005 ER PT J AU Feather, P Barnard, CH AF Feather, P Barnard, CH TI Retaining open space with purchasable development rights programs SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL LAND PRESERVATION; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; FARMLAND; VALUES AB This paper examines the preservation of farmland through purchasable development rights. In a comparison of the estimated costs and benefits associated with the development of open space from 1982 to 1992, we show that these programs may provide a net benefit to society. An econometric model is employed to address the question of what factors explain both the creation of these programs and the magnitude of farmland preservation. Elasticity measures derived from the model indicate that a wide range of ecological and sociological variables are important in explaining the activity in purchasable development rights programs. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Feather, P (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL-WIN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 369 EP 384 DI 10.1111/1467-9353.00144 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 743QA UT WOS:000186584000006 ER PT J AU Bernstein, J Skully, D AF Bernstein, J Skully, D TI Calculating trade damages in the context of the World Trade Organization's dispute settlement process SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARBITRATOR BEHAVIOR; MODELS AB Since its inception in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system has received over 250 notifications of trade disputes. While most have been settled, in a few cases the WTO arbitrators had to approve damage awards. This paper will use one of these cases (Hormones) to explain the methodology arbitrators use to calculate damages and how this methodology differs from an efficiency-based measure of welfare that economists would instinctively provide. Yet, there are rational reasons for this difference and the arbitrator's methodology does a better job of providing incentives for countries not to violate trade agreements. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bernstein, J (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL-WIN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1111/1467-9353.00145 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 743QA UT WOS:000186584000007 ER PT J AU Cattaneo, A AF Cattaneo, A TI The pursuit of efficiency and its unintended consequences: Contract withdrawals in the environmental quality incentives program SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; MORAL HAZARD AB This article analyzes why the USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) experiences contract withdrawals. Among approved contracts, 17% withdrew one or more conservation practices. After presenting a model of producers' behavior, a logit model is used to examine the withdrawal phenomenon. Withdrawals are linked to producers having an incentive to include low cost-share payments and practices in the conservation plan that increase the probability of approval, but may not be profitable. These results are discussed in light of the changes to EQIP that have been introduced by the 2002 Farm Act. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cattaneo, A (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL-WIN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 449 EP 469 DI 10.1111/1467-9353.00149 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 743QA UT WOS:000186584000011 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CB Paul, EA AF Blackwood, CB Paul, EA TI Eubacterial community structure and population size within the soil light fraction, rhizosphere, and heavy fraction of several agricultural systems SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE light fraction; rhizosphere; heavy fraction; shoot residue; soil microbes; microbial community analysis; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism; agricultural management ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; LEUCINE INCORPORATION; MACROORGANIC MATTER; DENSITY FRACTIONS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON AB The hypothesis that soil light fraction and heavy fraction harbor distinct eubacterial communities and have differing numbers and sizes of bacterial cells was tested in three agronomic cropping systems. This hypothesis would imply that these soil fractions are distinct microbial habitats. Shoot residue and rhizosphere soil were also included in the analysis. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S ribosomal DNA was used to assay eubacterial community structure. T-RFLP profiles were affected by both soil fraction and cropping system, accounting for 35-50% of the variance in the profiles. T-RFLP profiles separated samples into two distinct eubacterial habitats: soil heavy fraction, which includes the mineral particles and associated humified organic matter, and soil light fraction/shoot residue and rhizosphere, which includes particulate soil organic matter. Differences were not based on organic C content of fractions alone; T-RFLP profiles were also differentiated by cropping system and by rhizosphere versus light fraction/shoot residue. Heavy fraction communities had the least amount of random variability in T-RFLP profiles, resulting in the clearest cropping system effects, while rhizosphere and shoot residue communities were the most variable. Profiles from organically managed corn soil were more variable than for either conventionally managed corn or alfalfa. The log number of bacterial cells per gram fraction was affected by soil fraction but not cropping system, being highest in the light fraction. The percentage of cells >0.18 mum(3) was also greater in the light fraction than in other fractions. While bacterial cell density was generally correlated with C content of the soil fraction, heavy fraction did have a significantly greater number of cells per mug C than other soil fractions. The results show that habitat diversity in soil, related both to the amounts and types of organic matter, as well as other potential factors, are important in maintaining the high soil bacterial species diversity and evenness that is found in soil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Blackwood, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010 OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978 NR 51 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1245 EP 1255 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00188-3 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 710DV UT WOS:000184666300011 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Schmitt, MA Bloom, PR Randall, GW Carter, PR AF Gollany, HT Schmitt, MA Bloom, PR Randall, GW Carter, PR TI Extractable phosphorus following soil amendment with manure from swine fed low-phytate corn SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low-phytate corn; swine manure; phosphorus availability index; total P; P mineralization ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; CALCAREOUS SOIL; ANIMAL MANURE; PIG SLURRY; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHATE; AVAILABILITY; RUNOFF; RATES; FORMS AB Manure application rate recommendations have been based almost exclusively on nitrogen (N) management considerations, which can result in over-application of phosphorus (P) and its accumulation in soil. Low-phytate (LP) corn (Zea mays L.) was introduced into swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) feed to reduce the amount of P in manure. Unlike ruminants, swine cannot utilize phytate, the major form of P in normal hybrid corn. The objectives of this study were to determine extractable P following swine manure application from different manure sources and compare the relative P availability of LP-manure to standard (S) manure. A laboratory incubation study was conducted using a Waukegan silt loam, a Verndale sandy loam soil, and five levels of total P (Pt) from three P sources (KH(2)PO(4), S-manure, LP-manure). Extractable P from manures of swine fed low-phytate corn and standard corn diets were compared with a soluble P (KH(2)PO(4)) source. Slope ratio procedure was used to determine a phosphorus availability index (PAI). The effect of the P application rate on extractable Bray-1 P was linear (r(2)>0.97). Small but significant P mineralization was observed for the Verndale sandy loam soil. Mineralization of organic P was detected only at the highest LP-manure application rate for the Waukegan silt loam soil. Relative to KH(2)PO(4), the LP-manure and S-manure had PAI of 0.55 and 0.61, respectively. Swine manure P availability was about 60% that of the KH(2)PO(4) source for both manure sources. The total P concentration for the LP-manure was 42% lower than that for the S-manure. The important factor in the difference between manure sources is the 42% lower total P content for the LP-manure, not a difference in availability. Further evaluation of available P from LP-manure is needed under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 168 IS 9 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000090801.06903.67 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 719XR UT WOS:000185230800002 ER PT J AU Emmerich, WE AF Emmerich, WE TI Season and erosion pavement influence on saturated soil hydraulic conductivity SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disc permeameter; temporal variability; pore size ID INFILTRATION RATES; HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; VEGETATION; VARIABILITY; RUNOFF; FIELD; FRAGMENTS; RANGELAND; STABILITY; SURFACES AB Soil infiltration controls the partitioning of rainfall into surface runoff, groundwater recharge, and soil moisture. Understanding seasonal variability and the influence of soil erosion pavement on infiltration is critical to increasing our ability to predict runoff. Our objective was to evaluate seasonal variability in infiltration and the importance of erosion pavement. A tension disc permeameter was used to measure infiltration seasonally for 3 years with soil erosion pavement in place and for up to 1 year after the pavement was removed. Seasonal and erosion pavement effects were evaluated using saturated hydraulic conductivity, flow-weighted characteristic pore size, and macropore capillary length data. There was a significant season-by-year interaction for conductivity with the erosion pavement in place. Conductivity was substantially lower in the fall season, whereas the rates were similar for the other seasons. Differences in years within seasons were also observed. The calculated soil pore structural components of size and length could not account for the seasonal changes in conductivity. The pore size and length remained comparatively constant for the seasons and years. To account for the low fall hydraulic conductivity, it was concluded that raindrop impact from the high intensity summer thunderstorms closed some pores or interconnections. Freeze-thaw cycles from late fall through spring apparently opened the pores, resulting in increases in conductivity. Soil erosion pavement removal caused an immediate significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity and pore size and an increase in pore length that lasted longer than a year. Results indicate that soil erosion pavement is important in maintaining soil surface structural integrity to maintain the higher conductivity. Disc permeameter measurements were clearly able to show seasonal and erosion pavement influences on soil conductivity and that soil erosion pavement must be incorporated into hydraulic runoff models to improve predictions. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Emmerich, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 168 IS 9 BP 637 EP 645 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000090804.06903.3b PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 719XR UT WOS:000185230800005 ER PT J AU Mbila, MO Thompson, ML Mbaswu, J Laird, DA AF Mbila, MO Thompson, ML Mbaswu, J Laird, DA TI Morphological and chemical properties of selected sludge-amended Nigerian soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nigerian soils; sludge amendment; Alfisols; Ultisols ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; CARBON; NITROGEN; MOLLISOL; STATE AB Application of sewage sludge to agricultural lands is one way to address the high demand for a low supply of commercial fertilizers in Nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and chemical properties of sludge-amended soils after about 37 years of sludge application. Two soils on a 5-ha sewage farm and a soil at a nearby, unamended site were selected for the study. Soil at all three sites would have been mapped and classified in the same soil series before application of sewage sludge. The unamended soil was a fine-loamy, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Rhodic Kandiustult. Compared with the unamended soil, the sludge-amended soils had better aggregation in the surface horizon, greater total soil C and N, and higher levels of exchangeable bases. After 37 years of sewage sludge amendment, a higher base saturation percentage in the subsurface horizons of one sludge-amended soil led to its classification as an Alfisol instead of an Ultisol. Base saturation in the subsurface of the other amended soil was very close to that required for Alfisols, but it would still be classified as an Ultisol. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mbila, MO (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM mmbila@aamu.edu RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 168 IS 9 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000090806.06903.a9 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 719XR UT WOS:000185230800007 ER PT J AU Wells, RR DiCarlo, DA Steenhuis, TS Parlange, JY Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN AF Wells, RR DiCarlo, DA Steenhuis, TS Parlange, JY Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN TI Infiltration and surface geometry features of a swelling soil following successive simulated rainstorms SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CRACK NETWORK GEOMETRY; CRUSTED SOILS; CLAY SOILS; MODEL AB The theory of water movement in high shrink/swell soils has experienced consistent revision since Haines first presented the topic in 1923. Several aspects of the infiltration process in cracking soils have proven to be difficult to measure; seal/crust formation and properties, crack network patterns, preferential flow zones and contributions, and soil moisture determinations within the profile (near crack and near center of prismatic column) to name a few. Here, we used simulated rainstorms, laser measurements of surface elevation, needle-penetrometer measurements, and mass measurements of infiltrating water over a 206- and 145-d period to examine water movement and cracking patterns in a large sample box filled with a swelling clay soil. Water movement was restricted to the neighborhood of the crack zone, since the formation of a surface seal/crust prohibited infiltration into the surface of the prismatic columns of soil between cracks. Also, the location of cracks was observed to alternate between rainstorms. The alternating crack pattern led to more uniform wetting with depth as time increased and the number of rainstorms increased, thereby reducing the extent of preferential flow. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Steenhuis, TS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1351 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200004 ER PT J AU Chua, TT Bronson, KF Booker, JD Keeling, JW Mosier, AR Bordovsky, JP Lascano, RJ Green, CJ Segarra, E AF Chua, TT Bronson, KF Booker, JD Keeling, JW Mosier, AR Bordovsky, JP Lascano, RJ Green, CJ Segarra, E TI In-season nitrogen status sensing in irrigated cotton: I. Yields and nitrogen-15 recovery SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; WINTER-WHEAT; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; USE EFFICIENCY; DRY-MATTER; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; GROWING-SEASON; SOIL; MANAGEMENT AB Nitrogen recommendations for Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the western USA are based on spring soil NO3--N tests. In-season monitoring of plant N status is another approach. Our primary objective was to test spectral reflectance and chlorophyll meter measurements as in-season N decision aids for irrigated cotton, and to compare these with soil test-based N management. The secondary objective was to determine the fate of N-15 as affected by N management and irrigation modes. Urea ammonium nitrate was applied with low energy precision (LEPA) center-pivot, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation. Microplots received 3 atom% N-15. Soil test N application was based on 0- to 60-cm soil NO3--N and 1400 kg lint ha(-1) expected yield. Thirty-four kilograms of N per hectare was applied when green vegetative index (GVI) or chlorophyll meter readings relative to well-fertilized plots were <0.95. Lint yield responded to N at Lubbock in 2000 and 2001, but not at Ropesville. Nitrogen applied with in-season monitoring in 2000 at both sites was 34 to 101 kg N ha(-1) less than soil test N application of 134 kg ha(-1), with similar yields. In Lubbock, 2001 lint yields were near the expected yield, and in three of four cases, N applications with in-season monitoring equaled soil test N applications of 101 kg ha(-1). Nitrogen-15 recovery in plants ranged from 19 to 38%, and was affected by N management in two of three site-years, but not by irrigation. This study indicates that basing N applications on in-season monitoring can reduce N applications in low yielding seasons and match the yield potential in high-yielding seasons. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bronson, KF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, RR 3,Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. NR 70 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1428 EP 1438 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200012 ER PT J AU Guo, YY Amundson, R Gong, P Ahrens, R AF Guo, YY Amundson, R Gong, P Ahrens, R TI Taxonomic structure, distribution, and abundance of the soils in the USA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we report the taxonomic structure, the spatial distribution, and relative abundance of soils in the USA. In the analysis, we used the STATSGO (1997 version) database, which contains information on 11 orders, 52 suborders, 232 great groups, 1175 subgroups, 6226 families, and 13 129 series. The analysis of taxonomic structure showed that the numbers of taxa in any category were distributed unevenly in relation to taxa present at the next higher category. This uneven distribution becomes more pronounced in the lower categories of the hierarchy. In addition, there is a trend for taxa to produce only one, or a very small number, of taxa in the next lower category at the lower categories of the system. The analysis of the spatial distribution of taxa showed that 10 662 (51.2%) out of 20 825 taxa exist only I Major Land Resource Area (MLRA), indicating that most soil taxa are not widely spread, and are specific to particular combinations of state factors. The area abundance of soil taxa is asymmetric with most taxa in a category having relative small area extent. Five (2.1%) great-groups, 37 (2.1%) subgroups, 417 (6.7) families, and 827 (6.3%) series had total areas less than 10 km(2), and were defined as rare taxa. Among the rare taxa, four (80%) rare great groups, 36 (97.3%) rare subgroups, 378 (90.6%) rare families, and 750 (90.7%) rare series were found in only I MLRA. The portion of rare soils might be much higher because not all the soils are included in STATSGO because of their too limited area. The spatial and area abundance analyses of the soils provides a perspective useful for discussions on the preservation of soil resources in the USA, a topic whose importance is likely to grow in conjunction with increasing interest in global biodiversity and more intense uses of the world's soil resources. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, CAMFER, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, USDA, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Amundson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Div Ecosyst Sci, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1507 EP 1516 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200020 ER PT J AU Sherrod, LA Peterson, GA Westfall, DG Ahuja, LR AF Sherrod, LA Peterson, GA Westfall, DG Ahuja, LR TI Cropping intensity enhances soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a no-till agroecosystem SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS; C STORAGE; MATTER; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; SASKATCHEWAN; ACCUMULATION; ROTATIONS; GRASSLAND AB Soil organic C (SOC) has decreased under cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum)-fallow (WF) in the central Great Plains. We evaluated the effect of no-till systems of WF, wheat-corn (Zea Mays)-fallow (WCF), wheat-corn-millet (Panicum miliaceum)-fallow, continuous cropping (CC) without monoculture, and perennial grass (G) on SOC and total N (TN) levels after 12 yr at three eastern Colorado locations. Locations have long-term precipitation averages of 420 mm but increase in potential evapotranspiration (PET) going from north to south. Within each PET location, cropping systems were imposed across a topographic sequence of summit, sideslope, and toeslope. Cropping intensity, slope position, and PET gradient (location) independently impacted SOC and TN to a 5-cm soil depth. Continuous cropping had 35 and 17% more SOC and TN, respectively, than the WF system. Cropping intensity still impacted SOC and TN when summed to 10 cm with CC > than WF. Soil organic C and TN increased 20% in the CC system compared with WF in the 0- to 10-cm depth. The greatest impact was found in the 0- to 2.5-cm layer, and decreased with depth. Soil organic C and TN levels at the high PET site were 50% less than at the low and medium PET sites, and toeslope soils were 30% greater than summit and sideslopes. Annualized stover biomass explained 80% of the variation in SOC and TN in the 0- to 10-cm soil profile. Cropping systems that eliminate summer fallowing are maximizing the amount of SOC and TN sequestered. C1 ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sherrod, LA (reprint author), ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, USDA, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 33 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1533 EP 1543 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200023 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Doolittle, JA Johnsen, KH Samuelson, L Stokes, T Kress, L AF Butnor, JR Doolittle, JA Johnsen, KH Samuelson, L Stokes, T Kress, L TI Utility of ground-penetrating radar as a root biomass survey tool in forest systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Approaches and Technologies for Detecting Changes in Forest Soil Carbon Pools CY 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA ID CARBON AB Traditional methods of measuring tree root biomass are labor intensive and destructive in nature. We studied the utility of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to measure tree root biomass in situ within a replicated, intensive culture forestry experiment planted with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). The study site was located in Decatur County, Georgia, in an area of the Troup and Lucy (loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudults and Arenic Kandiudults, respectively) soils. With the aid of a digital signal processing GPR, estimates of root biomass to a depth of 30 cm were correlated to harvested root samples using soil cores. Significant effects of fertilizer application on signal attenuation were observed and corrected. The correlation coefficient between actual root biomass in soil cores and GPR estimates with corrections for fertilizer application were highly significant (r = 0.86, n = 60, p < 0.0001). Where site conditions are favorable to radar investigation, GPR can be a powerful cost-effective tool to measure root biomass. Verification with some destructive harvesting is required since universal calibrations for root biomass are unlikely, even across similar soil types. Use of GPR can drastically reduce the number of soil cores needed to assess tree root biomass and biomass distribution. The quality and quantity of information resulting from a detailed GPR survey, combined with soil cores on a subset of plots, can be used to rapidly estimate root biomass and provide a valuable assessment of lateral root biomass distribution and quantity. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NRCS, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 17 TC 79 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1607 EP 1615 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200032 ER PT J AU Ebinger, MH Norfleet, ML Breshears, DD Cremers, DA Ferris, MJ Unkefer, PJ Lamb, MS Goddard, KL Meyer, CW AF Ebinger, MH Norfleet, ML Breshears, DD Cremers, DA Ferris, MJ Unkefer, PJ Lamb, MS Goddard, KL Meyer, CW TI Extending the applicability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for total soil carbon measurement SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Approaches and Technologies for Detecting Changes in Forest Soil Carbon Pools CY 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NC ID SEQUESTRATION AB Soils are the major pool of terrestrial C globally. Estimating inventories and detecting changes in the soil C pool have remained elusive, largely because the spatial distribution of soil C varies considerably. New approaches are needed that enable more rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive measurements of soil C and that reduce uncertainty in estimates of C pools and changes in those pools. In this note we extend the application of a new method of total soil C measurement: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Carbon analysis using LIBS provides data in seconds from soils with little preparation, whereas conventional methods such as dry combustion require lengthy sample preparation and longer analysis times. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instruments, unlike conventional instruments, can be used while in the field. This promising new method, however, has potential drawbacks, namely interference with Fe at approximately 248 nm. Here we report results of using a different C line at 193 nm to solve the interference problem. We also use a two-element standardization factor to demonstrate that the 193-mn line is nearly as sensitive to C concentration as the C line at 247.8 nm, and that calibration curves can be readily replicated. Overall these results indicate that LIBS is a very promising method to estimate soil C pools and dynamics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NRCS, USDA, Soil Qual Inst, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ebinger, MH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mhe@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 23 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1616 EP 1619 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200033 ER PT J AU Wani, SP Pathak, P Jangawad, LS Eswaran, H Singh, P AF Wani, SP Pathak, P Jangawad, LS Eswaran, H Singh, P TI Improved management of Vertisols in the semiarid tropics for increased productivity and soil carbon sequestration SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Vertisol; soil quality; carbon sequestration; semiarid tropics; watershed management; P fertilization ID BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN-FIXATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURE; BIOMASS; MINERALIZATION; AFRICA AB This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that an improved system of catchment management in combination with appropriate cropping practices can sustain increased crop production and improve soil quality of Vertisols, compared with prevailing traditional farming practices. Initiated in 1976, the improved system consisted of integrated land management to conserve soil and water, with excess rainwater being removed in a controlled manner. This was combined with improved crop rotation (legume based) and integrated nutrient management. In the traditional system, sorghum or chickpea was grown in the postrainy season with organic fertilizers, and in the rainy season the field was maintained as a cultivated fallow. The average grain yield of the improved system over 24 years was 4.7 t ha(-1) yr(-1), nearly a five-fold increase over the traditional system (about 1 t ha(-1) yr(-1)). There was also evidence of increased organic C, total N and P, available N, P and K, microbial biomass C and N in the soil of the improved system. A positive relationship between soil available P and soil organic C suggested that application of P to Vertisols increased carbon sequestration by 7.4 t C ha(-1) and, in turn, the productivity of the legume-based system, thus ultimately enhancing soil quality. C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USAID, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wani, SP (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Wani, Suhas/C-5706-2014 NR 32 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1079/SUM2003194 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 729XJ UT WOS:000185800100005 ER PT J AU Kindler, SD Elliott, NC Giles, KL Royer, TA AF Kindler, SD Elliott, NC Giles, KL Royer, TA TI Economic injury level for the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, in Oklahoma winter wheat SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID APHIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA; YIELD AB The effect of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on the yield of lines of winter wheat Tricicum aestivum L., was studied during four years in central Oklahoma. Each year, 0.4-ha of 'Karl' (1993), 'Karl-92' (1995, 1996, and 1997), or '2163' (1997) winter wheat was planted between I and 15 October. One-meter square plots were established and infested during the three- to four-leaf growth stage (fall infestations) or during the tillering growth stage in late winter (spring infestations) with varying numbers of biotype-E greenbugs. Infestations by greenbugs achieved by artificial infestation of plots were great enough to affect the wheat yield from infested plots, but the intensity of infestations varied among years and growing seasons. A regression model was constructed to estimate yield loss for the wheat lines tested as a function of the maximum number of greenbugs occurring per tiller in the plot. The regression model predicted a 14.5 kg/ha (0.22 bu/ac) loss of yield for each greenbug per tiller during years with near average precipitation levels, and a loss of 34.3 kg/ha (0.51 bu/ac) under severe drought conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Kindler, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RI Royer, Tom/D-9737-2016 OI Royer, Tom/0000-0003-0912-7115 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 737RH UT WOS:000186245200001 ER PT J AU Jackson, CG AF Jackson, CG TI Oviposition by Lygus hesperus and its egg parasitoid, Anaphes iole, in cotton, alfalfa, and a wild mustard SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; ARIZONA; BUGS AB Oviposition patterns of Lygus hesperus Knight and its parasitoid Anaphes iole Girault were observed in three host plants. The majority of the L. hesperus eggs were deposited in the upper third of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., Var. Deltapine 16, and mixed cultivars of alfalfa, Medicago saliva L., and in the upper 2/3 of wild mustard, London rocket, Sisymbrium irio L., plants in cages. In choice tests, L. hesperus deposited significantly more eggs (78%) in alfalfa than in cotton but did not show a significant preference between alfalfa and London rocket. Anaphes iole readily parasitized eggs of L. hesperus in all three plant types, but appeared to search and parasitize eggs on all sections of the plants rather than restrict searching to the areas where most of the host eggs were located. Significantly, more L. hesperus eggs were parasitized in alfalfa than in cotton, but a greater percentage of eggs were parasitized in cotton. More eggs were parasitized in London rocket than in alfalfa, but the percentages parasitized were not significantly different. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Jackson, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 737RH UT WOS:000186245200002 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Lewis, LR Simmons, GF AF Hansen, JD Lewis, LR Simmons, GF TI Arthropods present on removed foliage from an apple packing line SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FRUIT AB The effectiveness of packing house operations in removing arthropods on leaves was evaluated by surveying four apple cultivars, Malus domestic Borkh., from 17 grower lots over six months of inspection. Among the 6,400 leaves inspected, damage from the western tentiform leafiminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella Doganlar & Mutuura (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was seen in 63% of the leaves. Twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), found on 62 leaves, and predatory mites, Typhlodromus spp. (Acari: Phytoseiidae), found on 34 leaves, were the most frequent live arthropods. Six other live arthropods (three parasitic wasps, a psocid, an aphid, and a spider) were also observed. Only one live arthropod, a predator mite, was found at the final pack sampling station. The numbers of arthropods decreased with fruit processing along the packing line. Data from this study indicate that foliage packed with fruits is not a likely pathway for spreading live arthropods. C1 USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Agr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 737RH UT WOS:000186245200006 ER PT J AU Spencer, JP Ibarra, J Rendon, PA AF Spencer, JP Ibarra, J Rendon, PA TI Effect of spinosad on honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in Guatemala SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; BAIT AB A field evaluation of the effects of aerially applied spinosad bait spray (Success 0.02 CB(TM)), used by the area-wide Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) eradication program in Guatemala, on honey bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, and hive activity was conducted during the 2000 spray season. The parameters monitored were adult bee mortality, brood size, pollen reserves, panels of honey, panels of adults, and hive weight. Statistical analysis of the data revealed no significant differences between parameters in the treated and control area, demonstrating that there were no deleterious effects on the bee population due to the spinosad applications. C1 USDA APHIS IS, Medfly Reg, US Embassy Guatemala, Unit 3319, APO, AA 34024 USA. RP Spencer, JP (reprint author), USDA APHIS IS, Medfly Reg, US Embassy Guatemala, Unit 3319, APO, AA 34024 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 737RH UT WOS:000186245200007 ER PT J AU Teng, G Soucek, MD Vick, BA Simonsick, WI Sen, A AF Teng, G Soucek, MD Vick, BA Simonsick, WI Sen, A TI Spectroscopic investigation of the blowing process of soyabean oil SO SURFACE COATINGS INTERNATIONAL PART B-COATINGS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; SOL-GEL PRECURSORS; UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LINSEED OIL; ALKYD; COATINGS; AUTOXIDATION; OXIDATION; STYRENE AB Blown soybean oil was characterised by gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (113), electrospray ionization-Fourier transfer mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). During the blowing process (in which a stream of oxygen is bubbled through the heated oil), transition of cis to trans and the conjugation of double bonds, cross-linking and the degradation of oils occurred concurrently. The disappearance of unsaturated fatty esters followed first order kinetics. The formation of carbon-carbon and ether linkages was observed with NMR. It was proposed that the formation of ether linkages occurred via three routes: 1) combination of radicals; 2) homopolymerisation of epoxide, and 3) hydroxyl addition to oxirane. Furthermore, the effect of the blowing process on the rheological behaviour of the oils was also observed, and blown oil exhibited a higher viscosity than bodied oil (ie heat polymerised in an inert atmosphere). C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Polymers & Coatings, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. DuPont Automot, Marshall Res & Dev Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. RP Soucek, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SURFEX LTD PI MIDDLESEX PA PRIORY HOUSE-967 HARROW RD WEMBLEY, MIDDLESEX HA0 2SF, ENGLAND SN 1476-4865 J9 SURF COAT INT PT B-C JI Surf. Coat. Int. Pt. B-Coat. Trans. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1007/BF02699657 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 728WE UT WOS:000185738700009 ER PT J AU Fazio, G Staub, JE Stevens, MR AF Fazio, G Staub, JE Stevens, MR TI Genetic mapping and QTL analysis of horticultural traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using recombinant inbred lines SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE linkage analysis; yield components; linkage map; composite interval mapping; pleiotropic effects ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; YIELD COMPONENTS; GRAIN-YIELD; TOMATO; LOCI; POPULATION; MAIZE AB A set of 171 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were developed from a narrow cross in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n = 2x = 14) using the determinate (de), gynoecious (F), standard-sized leaf line G421 and the indeterminate, monoecious, little-leaf (ll) line H-19. A 131-point genetic map was constructed using these RILs and 216 F-2 individuals to include 14 SSRs, 24 SCARs, 27 AFLPs, 62 RAPDs, 1 SNP, and three economically important morphological [F (gynoecy), de (determinate habit), ll (little leaf)] markers. Seven linkage groups spanned 706 cM with a mean marker interval of 5.6 cM. The location of F and de was defined by genetic linkage and quantitative trait locus QTL) analysis to be associated with SSR loci CSWCT28 and CSWCTT14 at 5.0 cM and 0.8 cM, respectively. RIL-based QTL analysis of the number of lateral branches in three environments revealed four location-independent factors that cumulatively explained 42% of the observed phenotypic variation. QTLs conditioning lateral branching (mlb1.1), fruit length/ diameter ratio (ldr1.2) and sex expression (sex1.2) were associated with de. Sex expression was influenced by three genomic, regions corresponding to F and de both on linkage Group 1, and a third locus (sex6.1) on linkage Group 6. QTLs conditioning the number of fruit per plant (fpl1.2), the number of lateral branches (mlb1.4) and fruit length/diameter ratio (ldr1.3) were associated with ll. The potential value of these marker-trait associations (i.e., yield components) for plant improvement is portended by the relatively high LOD scores (2.6 to 13.0) and associated R-2 values (1.5% to 32.4%) that are affiliated with comparatively few genetic factors (perhaps 3 to 10). C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, WIDB 275, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 66 TC 76 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 107 IS 5 BP 864 EP 874 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1277-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 717YD UT WOS:000185117600012 PM 12827247 ER PT J AU Fazio, G Chung, SM Staub, JE AF Fazio, G Chung, SM Staub, JE TI Comparative analysis of response to phenotypic and marker-assisted selection for multiple lateral branching in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; PLANT-DENSITY; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR MARKERS; QTL; INTROGRESSION; GROWTH; CROSS AB Yield increase in processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is positively correlated with an increase in number of fruit-bearing branches. Multiple lateral branching (MLB) is a metric trait controlled by at least five effective factors. Breeding efficacy might be improved through marker-assisted selection (MAS) for MLB. Experiments were designed to independently confirm previously determined linkage of molecular markers (L18-2-H19A SNP, CSWTAAA01 SSR, CSWCT13 SSR, W7-2 RAPD and BC-551 RAPD) to MLB, and to determine their utility in MAS. These markers were present in significantly higher frequency than expected (1, presence:3, absence; p < 0.001) in BC2 plants selected based on a high MLB phenotype (BC2PHE). However, markers that were considered selectively neutral fit the expected segregation of donor parent DNA in BC2 progeny. Markers linked to MLB were used in MAS of BC1 and BC2 plants to produce BC(2)MAS, and BC(3)MAS progeny. Means for MLB in MAS populations were compared with backcross populations developed through phenotypic selection (BC2PHE, BC3PHE) and by random mating where no selection had been applied (BC2RND, BC3RND). Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p < 0.001) between means of phenotypic (BC2PHE = 3.02, BC3PHE = 3.29) and marker-aided selection (BC(2)MAS = 3.12, BC(3)MAS = 3.11) for MLB. However, both phenotypic and MAS population means were significantly higher than the random control (BC2RND = 2.27, BC3RND = 2.41) for MLB. Thus, given the observed response to selection and the rapid life-cycle of cucumber (4 months), markers linked to MLB when used in MAS will most likely be effective tools in cucumber improvement. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 107 IS 5 BP 875 EP 883 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1313-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 717YD UT WOS:000185117600013 PM 12955212 ER PT J AU Cenci, A Chantret, N Kong, X Gu, Y Anderson, OD Fahima, T Distelfeld, A Dubcovsky, J AF Cenci, A Chantret, N Kong, X Gu, Y Anderson, OD Fahima, T Distelfeld, A Dubcovsky, J TI Construction and characterization of a half million clone BAC library of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp durum) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BAC; genomic library; wheat; polyploid; Triticum durum ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; REPEATED NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; BRANCHING ENZYME-I; STARCH SYNTHASE-I; D-GENOME DONOR; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; BREAD WHEAT; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; GRAIN PROTEIN; AESTIVUM L. AB Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AB) is an economically important cereal used as the raw material to make pasta and semolina. In this paper we present the construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of tetraploid durum wheat cv. Langdon. This variety was selected because of the availability of substitution lines that facilitate the assignment of BACs to the A and B genome. The selected Langdon line has a 30-cM segment of chromosome 6BS from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides carrying a gene for high grain protein content, the target of a positional cloning effort in our laboratory. A total of 516,096 clones were organized in 1,344 384-well plates and blotted on 28 high-density filters. Ninety-eight percent of these clones had wheat DNA inserts (0.3% chloroplast DNA, 1.4% empty clones and 0.3% empty wells). The average insert size of 500 randomly selected BAC clones was 131 kb, resulting in a coverage of 5.1-fold genome equivalents for each of the two genomes, and a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from each of the two genomes of durum wheat. Six known copy-number probes were used to validate this theoretical coverage and gave an estimated coverage of 5.8-fold genome equivalents. Screening of the library with 11 probes related to grain storage proteins and starch biosynthesis showed that the library contains several clones for each of these genes, confirming the value of the library in characterizing the organization of these important gene families. In addition, characterization of fingerprints from colinear BACs from the A and B genomes showed a large differentiation between the A and B genomes. This library will be a useful tool for evolutionary studies in one of the best characterized polyploid systems and a source of valuable genes for wheat. Clones and high-density filters can be requested at http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/Dubcovsky/BAC-library/ BAC-Langdon.htm. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Distelfeld, Assaf/D-4951-2014; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Distelfeld, Assaf/0000-0003-1777-3053; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 58 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 107 IS 5 BP 931 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1331-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 717YD UT WOS:000185117600020 PM 12830387 ER PT J AU Song, J Bradeen, JM Naess, SK Helgeson, JP Jiang, J AF Song, J Bradeen, JM Naess, SK Helgeson, JP Jiang, J TI BIBAC and TAC clones containing potato genomic DNA fragments larger than 100 kb are not stable in Agrobacterium SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BAC; BIBAC; TAC; Agrobacterium; plant transformation ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DNA; BAC LIBRARY; PLANT-TRANSFORMATION; CLONING SYSTEM; CONSTRUCTION; VECTOR; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; LOCUS AB Development of efficient methods to transfer large DNA fragments into plants will greatly facilitate the map-based cloning of genes. The recently developed BIBAC and TAC vectors have shown potential to deliver large DNA fragments into plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Here we report that BIBAC and TAC clones containing potato genomic DNA fragments larger than 100 kb are not stable in Agrobacterium. We tested the possible factors that may cause instability, including the insert sizes of the BIBAC and TAC constructs, potato DNA fragments consisting of highly repetitive or largely single-copy DNA sequences, different Agrobacterium transformation methods and different Agrobacterium strains. The insert sizes of the potato BIBAC and TAC constructs were found to be critical to their stability in Agrobacterium. All constructs containing a potato DNA fragment larger than 100 kb were not stable in any of the four tested Agrobacterium strains, including two recA deficient strains. We developed a transposon-based technique that can be used to efficiently subclone a BAC insert into two to three BIBAC/TAC constructs to circumvent the instability problem. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 107 IS 5 BP 958 EP 964 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1334-9 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 717YD UT WOS:000185117600023 PM 12898019 ER PT J AU Ramstad, KM Foote, CJ Olsen, JB AF Ramstad, KM Foote, CJ Olsen, JB TI Genetic and phenotypic evidence of reproductive isolation between seasonal runs of Sockeye salmon in Bear Lake, Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; EGG SIZE; NONANADROMOUS MORPHS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; CHUM SALMON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; TRADE-OFFS AB The effective conservation of salmonids requires the recognition and preservation of Populations that are diverse in genetic composition and life history. The management of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in Bear Lake, Alaska, is based on the presumption that there are two. genetically isolated seasonal runs that exhibit a bimodal escapement pattern. We investigated the genetic composition and life history of the putative early and late runs in two consecutive years. Significant allele frequency differences at six microsatellite loci demonstrate restricted gene flow between the early and late runs (F(ST) = 0.017). There were also significant, and presumably adaptive, differences between the runs with respect to body weight, somatic weight, ovary weight, and egg size among females after correction to equal body sizes. Further, scale pattern analysis revealed highly significant differences in the growth-at-age patterns of these runs. These results demonstrate that there are significant genetic differences between seasonal runs of sockeye salmon and provide support for the management strategy that has been employed for nearly 20 years to protect the genetic diversity of this species in Bear Lake. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Malaspina Univ Coll, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Nanimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada. US Forest Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ramstad, KM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM kristina@selway.umt.edu RI Ramstad, Kristina/G-3728-2014 NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1577/T02-108 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500015 ER PT J AU Barndt, S Stone, J AF Barndt, S Stone, J TI Infestation of Salmincola californiensis (Copepoda : Lernaeopodidae) in wild Coho Salmon, steelhead, and coastal cutthroat trout juveniles in a small Columbia river tributary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS; EDWARDSII COPEPODA; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; ECTOPARASITIC COPEPODS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BEHAVIOR; FISH AB Host-parasite relationships between Salmincola californiensis (order Copepoda, family Lernaeopodidae) and three species of wild juvenile Pacific salmonids (coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, cutthroat trout O. clarki, and steelhead O. mykiss) were studied in Gibbons Creek, southwestern Washington, during 1998 and 1999. Infestation levels were moderate to low: prevalence was 0.2% in coho salmon, 20% in cutthroat trout. and 35% in steelhead; abundance was 0.01 in coho salmon, 0.63 in cutthroat trout, and 0.97 in steelhead; and mean intensity was 3.4 for cutthroat trout and 2.95 for steelhead. The incidence of infestation increased with increasing fish length, and this relationship may explain the differences in prevalence experienced by the three host species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Stone, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9317 NE Highway 99,Suite 1, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.1577/T02-122 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500018 ER PT J AU Muck, RE Hintz, RW AF Muck, RE Hintz, RW TI Effects of breeding for quality on alfalfa ensilability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; nutritive quality; silage; variety ID SILAGE; ENSILAGE; LUCERNE; FIBER AB Eight alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations were cut at early and late maturities in primary growth and in regrowth, wilted to 350 g dry matter (DM)/kg, and ensiled to determine if breeding for high quality affects the ensilability of the alfalfa. Two populations were of standard quality, two were of improved quality, and four were of high quality. The high-quality lines were approximately 30 g/kg DM higher in crude protein and 35 and 30 g/kg DM lower in neutral and acid detergent fiber, respectively, than the standard lines at ensiling. In contrast, there were no significant differences among populations regarding ensiling characteristics [water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration, buffering capacity (BC), and WSC/BC ratio] in the unensiled forage. However, the three highest BC values were in three of the four high-quality lines, but the other high-quality line had the highest WSC/BC ratio of the eight lines. Silage pH and lactic and acetic acid concentrations varied significantly by population. The population with the best fermentation (lowest pH and acetic acid, highest lactic acid) was a high-quality line. The other three high-quality lines were numerically worse (0.03 to 0.09) than the standard lines in pH, although only one was significant. Overall, the magnitudes of these differences were small practically and not necessarily in an adverse direction for all high-quality populations. These results suggest that present efforts in breeding for high quality are not having a substantial negative effect on ensiling. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. W L Res Inc, Madison, WI USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Global Strateg Planning, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1309 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000001 ER PT J AU Suttles, JB Vellidis, G Bosch, DD Lowrance, R Sheridan, JA Usery, EL AF Suttles, JB Vellidis, G Bosch, DD Lowrance, R Sheridan, JA Usery, EL TI Watershed - scale simulation of sediment and nutrient loads in Georgia coastal plain streams using the annualized AGNPS model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE AGNPS; coastal plain; geographical information systems; hydrologic modeling; modeling; nonpoint-source pollution; nutrients; sediment; TMDL; water quality; Watershed ID FOREST BUFFER SYSTEM; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; MANAGEMENT; MISSISSIPPI; NITROGEN AB Sediment and nutrient loadings in the Little River Research Watershed in south central Georgia were modeled using the continuous simulation Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model, part of the AGNPS suite of modeling components. Specifically, nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment, and runoff were predicted over a seven-year period. Land under cultivation makes up approximately 25% of the 333 km(2) watershed. Livestock facilities include swine, poultry, dairy cows, and beef cattle. Results from the simulation were compared to seven years of monitoring data at the outlet of five nested subwatersheds and at the outlet of the Little River Research Watershed (LRRW). The average annual predicted runoff in the upper part of the watershed was one-third to half of observed runoff. In contrast, predicted runoff in the lower part of the watershed was close to observed, and was 100% of observed at the outlet of the watershed. Runoff underprediction was attributed to the method of landcover discretization. The extent of forest land in the upper watershed (55% to 63%) and the fragmented landscape that has relatively small fields surrounded by riparian forests and tracts of forest resulted in overestimation of forested area in the watershed. In addition to runoff, sediment and nutrient loads were also underpredicted in the upper part of the LRRW. Two factors are most likely responsible for underprediction. Runoff is underpredicted at these sites, which reduces the carrying capacity of sediment loads. In addition, the overestimation of forested areas at these sites coincides with underestimation of sediment-producing areas, such as cropland. In contrast to the upper part of the watershed, sediment and nutrient loads were overpredicted in the lower part of the watershed. This may have resulted from inadequately simulating nonpoint-source pollution attenuation by the extensive riparian forests and forested in-stream wetland areas found in these watersheds. Prediction results can be improved through better input into the model, as well as modification of the processes within the model to account for forest and riparian conditions. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. RP Vellidis, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1335 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000003 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Ascough, JC Shaffer, MJ Deer-Ascough, LA Byrne, PF Nielsen, DC Haley, SD Andales, AA Dunn, GH AF McMaster, GS Ascough, JC Shaffer, MJ Deer-Ascough, LA Byrne, PF Nielsen, DC Haley, SD Andales, AA Dunn, GH TI GPFARM plant model parameters: Complications of varieties and the genotype X environment interaction in wheat SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE crop growth models; crop yield; genotype by environment interaction; plant parameters; simulation models ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; GROWTH; SIMULATION; PHENOLOGY; YIELD; SOIL AB The USDA-ARS Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM) decision support system was developed to assist Great Plains producers in making economically viable and environmentally sound strategic plans for whole farm and ranch systems. A major user requirement for GPFARM is to supply the default plant parameters required to simulate crop growth. Developing this plant parameter database is difficult because varietal differences, caused by a genotype by environment (G X E) interaction, increases parameter uncertainty and variability. This article examines species-based plant parameter sets for simulating winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield responses, explores the significance of the G X E interaction on simulating varietal grain yield, and investigates whether simple adjustments to a species-based plant parameter database can improve simulation of varietal differences across environments. Three plant parameter sets were evaluated against observed yield data for six locations in eastern Colorado: (1) the Default parameter set used best estimates from EPIC-based plant parameter databases, (2) the Dryland Agroecosystems Project (DAP) parameter set further calibrated the default plant parameters against observed yield data for Colorado, and (3) the Theory parameter set modified DAP parameters based on whether irrigated or dryland conditions were simulated. The Theory parameter set simulated yield the best when pooling varieties over environments and locations. However, no parameter set could simulate all the different varietal yield responses to environmental conditions (irrigated or dryland) due to the diverse G X E interactions. The Theory parameter set best simulated the wheat variety TAM 107 across diverse locations, with little bias for either irrigated or dryland conditions. Simple adjustments to a few plant parameters based on whether dryland or irrigated conditions were simulated improved the species-based plant parameter approach used in GPFARM. However, until a better mechanistic representation of the G X E interaction is incorporated into existing plant growth models, opportunities for improving yield response to environmental conditions and management will be limited. C1 ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plain Res Stn, Akron, OH USA. ARS, Akron, OH USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 301 S Howes St,Room 353, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009; Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013; Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183; NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1346 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000004 ER PT J AU Garg, V Chaubey, I Haggard, BE AF Garg, V Chaubey, I Haggard, BE TI Impact of calibration watershed on runoff model accuracy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE AGNPS; calibration; hydrologic modeling; rainfall-runoff modeling ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; INTEGRATION; SCALE; GIS; UNCERTAINTY; INFORMATION; RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB Hydrologic/water-quality models often need calibration to minimize differences between observed and predicted watershed responses. Often the measured data from the watershed where the models are applied are not available. Under this condition, models are calibrated using data from a different watershed having similar land use, soil, and hydrologic conditions. However, if the watershed used for model calibration is not the same as the watershed where the model is applied for hydrologic/water-quality predictions, then differences in watershed characteristics may induce errors in model output. The objective of this study was to quantify the error in model predictions when the modeled watershed is not the calibrating watershed. The Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) model was used to quantify model errors using measured data from watersheds of varying sizes within the Little Washita Basin in Oklahoma. The study indicates that error in model outputs results when a watershed different than the one of interest is used for model calibration. A significant difference in prediction error was observed between scaling-up and scaling-down conditions with mean relative error of runoff prediction being 153% for the scaling-down condition and 69% for the scaling-up condition. However, relative error of prediction showed no particular trend with the scaling ratios. A watershed having significantly higher or lower average curve number and slope condition was not a candidate watershed for calibrating the AGNPS model. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Chaubey, I (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1353 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000005 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Stone, KC Watts, DW Johnson, MH AF Novak, JM Stone, KC Watts, DW Johnson, MH TI Dissolved phosphorus transport during storm and base flow conditions from an agriculturally intensive southeastern coastal plain watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE Coastal Plain watershed; loads; phosphorus concentrations; stream flow ID NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; LAND-USE; STREAM; QUALITY; MECHANISMS; ECOSYSTEMS; POLLUTION; RETENTION; WETLANDS; FOREST AB The high density of animal production in southeastern Coastal Plain watersheds has caused some soils to contain excess amounts of plant-available soil phosphorus (P). Runoff, erosion, and leaching can transport P to surface water systems and out of these watersheds. High P concentrations in downstream aquatic ecosystems can increase the risk of eutrophication. Our objectives were to determine stream dissolved phosphorus (DP) mass loads transported under storm and base flow conditions and to examine relationships between precipitation, stream flow, and DP concentrations and export loads from an agriculturally intensive Coastal Plain watershed. This watershed was separated into four subwatersheds, and stream flows at their outlets were separated into base and storm flow conditions. Over the 2-year study period, stream base flow accounted for the majority of total stream flow at all outlets (58% to 73%). Average stream total DP mass loads at the watershed outlet in 1994 and 1995 were 234 and 477 mg DP ha(-1) d(-1), and higher DP mass loads (57% to 71% of the cumulative total) were exported during base flow conditions. In 1995, a series of intense storm events over two months caused a large DP pulse (approximately 63% of the stream's yearly annual DP mass load) to exit the watershed. Regression analysis showed a linear relationship (P < 0.001) between log(10) instantaneous stream flow and log(10) DP export. Our results showed that more DP was exported during stream base flow conditions. However, intensive summer storms can greatly accelerate stream DP export from this agriculturally intensive Coastal Plain watershed. C1 ARS, USDA, CPRC, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPRC, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1363 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000006 ER PT J AU Overman, AR Wilkinson, SR AF Overman, AR Wilkinson, SR TI Extended logistic model of forage grass response to applied nitrogen as affected by soil erosion SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; forage grass; models; nitrogen ID YIELD; BERMUDAGRASS; BAHIAGRASS; REMOVAL AB Mathematical models can be used to evaluate crop response to management factors such as applied nutrients, water availability, and tillage. The extended logistic model has proven particularly useful for this purpose. In this article, we use this model to link annual dry matter yield and plant nitrogen uptake to applied nitrogen for bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) as affected by past soil erosion. The model describes response curves and phase relationships rather well for Pensacola and Tifton 9 bahiagrasses and Tifton 44 bermudagrass. Analysis showed that 60 kg N ha(-1) is required to raise dry matter production of the severely eroded soil up to that of the non-eroded soil, while 70 kg N ha(-1) is required to make plant N uptake equivalent for the two cases. Soil erosion has the effect of reducing N availability. We conclude that the ratio of minimum to maximum plant N concentration is the same for the three grasses and two soil conditions. The model accounts for the effect of soil erosion on forage production. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. ARS, USDA, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Overman, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1380 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000008 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD King, KW Richardson, CW Williams, JR AF Harmel, RD King, KW Richardson, CW Williams, JR TI Long-term precipitation analyses for the central Texas Blackland Prairie SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE precipitation characteristics; rain gauges; weather data ID UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENT; TILLAGE; LOSSES; TRENDS; MODEL AB Continuous records of intensively monitored precipitation data are rare, but where available they provide valuable regional information on hydrologic structure design and on other water supply and water quality management and modeling issues. One such long-term precipitation record exists for the Texas Blackland Prairie region. Beginning in 1937 and continuing to the present, hydrologic data have been collected at the USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory watershed facility near Riesel, Texas. The objectives of this article are to present long-term analyses and to publicize the availability of that precipitation database. Long-term analyses included examination of general precipitation properties, depth-duration-frequency relationships, and trends in rainfall amount and occurrence. Annual rainfall for the region averages about 890 mm, with relatively wet springs and falls and drier summer and winter months. Depth-duration-frequency results emphasize the need for engineers to use the most current and extensive data sets and/or proven relationships in the design of hydrologic structures. Several significant temporal trends that can affect water resource management were also determined. These trends include increases in October rainfall, non-spring rainfall, and the number of summer, fall, and annual rainy days. These increases, however, are offset to some degree by decreases in April rainfall, in the number of extreme events in the spring, and in the magnitude of extreme fall rain events. C1 ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1388 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000009 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Dooley, JH AF Foltz, RB Dooley, JH TI Comparison of erosion reduction between wood strands and agricultural straw SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; erosion control; mitigation; mulch; overland flow; residue; sediment control; straw mulch AB Agricultural straw is widely used as an erosion mitigation measure on disturbed soils. It has several drawbacks, however, which include increasing intrinsic value, increasing transportation costs, weed source, pesticide residues, and dust. An alternative is wood strands manufactured from small diameter timber or low-value veneer A study to determine the efficacy of wood strands as an alternative to straw showed that straw and two types of wood strands were equally effective in reducing erosion by over 98%. The authors believe that there are opportunities to exceed the erosion control performance of agricultural straw through the disciplined design of a wood analog. Work is continuing to improve the wood strand properties for further field testing. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Forest Concepts LLC, Washington, DC USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1396 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 746EC UT WOS:000186733000010 ER PT J AU Tassello, J Ohagen, A Mather, T Tsutomu, T Kramer, E Brown, F Tesh, R Alford, B Chapman, J Lazo, A AF Tassello, J Ohagen, A Mather, T Tsutomu, T Kramer, E Brown, F Tesh, R Alford, B Chapman, J Lazo, A TI West Nile Virus: A new pathogen in the blood supply SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 VI Technol Inc, Watertown, MA USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. ARS, USDA, PIADC, Greenport, NY USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 4A EP 4A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700013 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Johnson, R Monschein, S Nikolova, P Tausz, M AF Grulke, NE Johnson, R Monschein, S Nikolova, P Tausz, M TI Variation in morphological and biochemical O-3 injury attributes of mature Jeffrey pine within canopies and between microsites SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; drought stress ID PONDEROSA PINE; ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE; FOLIAR INJURY; OZONE; DROUGHT; RESPONSES; SENSITIVITY; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; CONIFERS AB Crown morphology and leaf tissue chemical and biochemical attributes associated with ozone (O-3) injury were assessed in the lower, mid- and upper canopy of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffireyi Grev. & Balf.) growing in mesic and xeric microsites in Sequoia National Park, California. Microsites were designated mesic or xeric based on topography and bole growth in response to years of above-average precipitation. In mesic microsites, canopy response to O-3 was characterized by thinner branches, earlier needle fall, less chlorotic leaf mottling, and lower foliar antioxidant capacity, especially of the aqueous fraction. In xeric microsites, canopy response to 03 was characterized by higher chlorotic leaf mottling, shorter needles, lower needle chlorophyll concentration, and greater foliar antioxidant capacity. Increased leaf chlorotic mottle in xeric microsites was related to drought stress and increased concurrent internal production of highly reactive oxygen species, and not necessarily to stomatal O-3 uptake. Within-canopy position also influenced the expression Of O-3 injury in Jeffrey pine. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pflanzenphysiol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Tausz, Michael /C-1990-2013 OI Tausz, Michael /0000-0001-8205-8561 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 13 BP 923 EP 929 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721HZ UT WOS:000185312100007 PM 14532016 ER PT J AU Tang, ZM Chambers, JL Sword, MA Barnett, JP AF Tang, ZM Chambers, JL Sword, MA Barnett, JP TI Seasonal photosynthesis and water relations of juvenile loblolly pine relative to stand density and canopy position SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE photosynthetic response; Pinus taeda; stomatal conductance; thinning; transpiration ID 5 GROWING SEASONS; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SITKA SPRUCE; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; TRANSPIRATION; NITROGEN; FOLIAGE; TREES; ASSIMILATION AB To assess the effects of stand density and canopy environment on tree physiology, we measured gas exchange responses of the same needle age class of 16-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in thinned (512 trees ha(-1)) and non-thinned treatment plots (2,863 trees ha(-1)) in central Louisiana. Physiological data were collected in the upper and lower canopy positions on 26 sunny days between July 1996 and June 1997 (one-half of the leaf life span). Mean net photosynthesis was highest (4.3 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) in the spring and closely corresponded with light intensity in the canopy. Photosynthesis in the winter was nearly 3.0 mumol m(-2) s(-1), indicating that loblolly pine enables substantial carbon fixation all year around in the Gulf Coastal Plain region. Mean transpiration and stomatal conductance were highest in the summer and lowest in the winter. With increased light availability after thinning, needle photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance rose 84, 40 and 23%, respectively, in the lower canopy of the thinned-treatment trees. Light-saturated photosynthetic capacity of the lower canopy needles was 5.2 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for the thinned treatment and 4.2 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for the non-thinned treatment. It is concluded that thinning-induced light penetration through the canopy enhances physiological activities in the lower canopy foliage of residual trees, and that light availability is the only significant variable for predicting needle-level photosynthesis rates. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Tang, ZM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, SRS-4111, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s00468-003-0256-0 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 714FW UT WOS:000184902500007 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Callaway, RM AF Pearson, DE Callaway, RM TI Indirect effects of host-specific biological control agents SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPOTTED KNAPWEED; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; WEED; PLANTS; RISKY; SUPPRESSION; TEPHRITIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Biological control is a crucial tool in the battle against biological invasions, but biocontrol agents can have a deleterious impact on native species. Recognition of risks associated with host shifting has increased the emphasis on host specificity of biocontrol agents for invasive weeds. However, recent studies indicate host-specific biocontrol agents can also exhibit substantial nontarget effects through indirect interactions and food-web subsidies. Based on an evaluation of these studies, we conclude that the interaction strength between biocontrol agents and their hosts is at least as important as host specificity for determining the outcome of biocontrol introductions. Host-specific biocontrol agents that establish, but fail to reduce the densities of their hosts can facilitate bottom-up effects that link the target weed to other native organisms through food webs, thereby expanding the impacts of the invasive weed. We believe that indirect nontarget effects of host-specific biocontrol agents arising from food-web subsidies could prove more deleterious to native species than are the direct nontarget effects currently recognized from host shifting. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 67 TC 116 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00188-5 PG 6 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 721HW UT WOS:000185311800011 ER PT J AU Jozan, M Evans, R McLean, R Hall, R Tangredi, B Reed, L Scott, J AF Jozan, M Evans, R McLean, R Hall, R Tangredi, B Reed, L Scott, J TI Detection of West Nile Virus Infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile Virus; blocking ELISA; immunocytochemistry; wild birds; arbovirus; serum-blood spot ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; ECOLOGY; SERUM; ANTIBODIES; EMERGENCE AB A blocking ELISA targeting an immunodominant West Nile epitope on the West Nile Virus NS1 protein was assessed for the detection of West Nile-specific antibodies in blood samples collected from 584 sentinel chickens and 238 wild birds collected in-New Jersey from May-December 2000. Ten mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with West Nile virus and six uninfected controls were also tested. The ELISA proved specific in detecting WNV antibodies in 9/10 chickens and 4/4 wild birds previously confirmed as positive by Plaque Reduction Neutralization test (PRNT) at the Center for Disease Control, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, CO, USA (CDC). Nine out of the ten experimentally infected mallard ducks also tested positive for WN antibodies in the blocking ELISA, while 6/6 uninfected controls did not. Additionally, 1705 wild birds, collected in New Jersey from December 2000-November 2001 and Long Island, New York between November 1999 and August 2001 were also tested for WN antibodies by the blocking ELISA. These tests identified 30 positive specimens, 12 of which had formalin-fixed tissues available to allow detection of WN specific viral antigen in various tissues by WNV-specific immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that rapid and specific detection of antibodies to WN virus in sera from a range of avian species by blocking ELISA is an effective strategy for WN Virus surveillance in avian hosts. In combination with detection of WN-specific antigens in tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the blocking ELISA will also be useful for confirming WN infection in diseased birds. C1 Orange Cty Vector Control Dist, Garden Grove, CA 92843 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Greenlawn Vet Clin, Greenlawn, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Jozan, M (reprint author), Orange Cty Vector Control Dist, 13001 Garden Grove Blvd, Garden Grove, CA 92843 USA. EM mjozan@OCVCD.org NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 3 IS 3 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1089/153036603768395799 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802NU UT WOS:000220171000001 PM 14511579 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Lager, KA AF Wesley, RD Lager, KA TI Increased litter survival rates, reduced clinical illness and better lactogenic immunity against TGEV in gilts that were primed as neonates with porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV); TGEV; lactogenic immunity; immunologic memory ID TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PIGS; SWINE; PATHOGENESIS; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; INOCULATION; INFECTION AB Establishing immunological memory in female piglets at a young age with PRCV was effective in inducing a secondary immune response to a limiting dose of virulent TGEV given orally 13-18 days prior to farrowing. Subsequently, because of passive antibody transfer, the offspring of these primed gilts were more efficient in surviving a lethal TGEV challenge. An average survival rate of 89% occurred in 6 litters of piglets from primed gilts that were boosted with 2.8 x 10(6) plaque forming units (PFU) of TGEV whereas 76% of the piglets survived in three litters that suckled primed gilts boosted with 3.0 x 10(5) PFU of TGEV. Non-primed gilts given identical pre-farrowing doses of TGEV had litter survival rates of 63 and 55%, respectively. Moreover, both groups of litters from primed gilts suffered less clinical illness (as measured by the extent of weight loss post-challenge) than control litters. Priming of the piglets as neonates and boosting the pregnant gilts produced an anamnestic systemic immune response and correspondingly higher milk titers in the primed gilts compared to control animals. Thus, priming piglets with PRCV was beneficial in providing resistance to TGEV and could be incorporated into a vaccine strategy that yields better protection against TGEV. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00150-0 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 718FN UT WOS:000185134600002 PM 12935745 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD Zhao, X Lee, JW AF Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD Zhao, X Lee, JW TI The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE neutrophil; chemotaxis; phagocytosis; oxidative burst; apoptosis; mastitis ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; LUMINOL-DEPENDENT CHEMILUMINESCENCE; HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; STREPTOCOCCUS-UBERIS MASTITIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS AB Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland provide the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens. Bacteria release potent toxins that activate white blood cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland to secrete cytokines that recruit PMN that function as phagocytes at the site of infection. While freshly migrated PMN are active phagocytes, continued exposure of PMN to inhibitory factors in milk such as fat globules and casein, leads to altered PMN morphology and reduced phagocytosis. In the course of phagocytosing and destroying invading pathogens, PMN release chemicals that not only kill the pathogens but that also cause injury to the delicate lining of the mammary gland. This will result in permanent scarring and reduced numbers of milk secretory cells. The life span of PMN is limited by the onset of apoptosis. To minimize damage to mammary tissue, PMN undergo a specialized process of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Macrophages quickly engulf and phagocytose apoptotic PMN, thereby minimizing the release of PMN granular contents that are damaging to tissue. The PMN possess an array of cell surface receptors that allow them to adhere and migrate through endothelium and to recognize and phagocytose bacteria. One receptor found on phagocytes that is receiving considerable attention in the control of infections by Gram-negative bacteria is CD14. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to membrane bound CD14 causes release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and sepsis. Binding of LPS to soluble CD14 shed from CD14-bearing cells results in neutralization of LPS and rapid recruitment of PMN to the site of infection. Recent advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics should greatly enhance our understanding of the PMN role in controlling intramammary infections in ruminants. Further, manipulation of PMN, through either recombinant proteins such as soluble CD14 that enhance PMN response or agents that mediate PMN apoptosis, may serve as novel therapeutics for the treatment of mastitis. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 192 TC 199 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 25 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5 BP 597 EP 627 DI 10.1051/vetres:2003024 PG 31 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 731TX UT WOS:000185903500007 PM 14556697 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI The essential and nonessential transcription units for viral protein synthesis and DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 2 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE essential and nonessential genes of porcine circovirus type 2 ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; FEATHER DISEASE; PIGS; VIRUS; GEMINIVIRUSES; GENOMES; PIGEON AB During porcine circovirus (PCV) replication in PK15 cells, nine PCV type 2 (PCV2)-specific RNAs are synthesized. They include the capsid RNA (CR), five Rep-associated RNAs (Rep, Rep', Rep3a, Rep3b, and Rep3c), and three NS-associated RNAs (NS515, NS672, and NS0). In this work, mutational analyses were conducted to investigate the involvement of each PCV2 transcription unit in viral protein synthesis and DNA replication. The results demonstrated that a stop codon introduced at the very 5'-end of CR did not affect Rep-associated antigens or viral DNA synthesis. Altering the consensus dinucleotides at the splice junctions of the minor RNAs (Rep3a, Rep3b, Rep3c, NS515, and NS672) or introducing a stop codon in the abundant NSO RNA also did not have any effect on viral protein synthesis or DNA replication. However, mutations that resulted in truncated Rep or Rep' proteins caused greater than 99% reduction of viral protein synthesis and complete shut down of viral DNA replication. These results demonstrated that both Rep and Rep' are absolutely essential for PCV2 replication. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 33 TC 63 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 313 IS 2 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00373-8 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 720LC UT WOS:000185261400011 PM 12954212 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Sano, T Feldstein, PA Hu, Y Steger, G AF Owens, RA Sano, T Feldstein, PA Hu, Y Steger, G TI Identification of a novel structural interaction in Columnea latent viroid SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE viroid; Columnea latent viroid; potato spindle tuber viroid; Chimera; RNA rearrangements; RNA structure; RNA recombination ID CENTRAL CONSERVED REGION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SYMPTOM EXPRESSION; POTATO; RNA; REPLICATION; PATHOGENICITY; MUTAGENESIS; PSTVD AB Pairwise sequence comparisons suggest that Columnea latent viroid (CLVd) may have originated from a recombination event involving Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). To examine the role of specific structural features in determining the host range of CLVd, we constructed a series of interspecific chimeras by replacing increasing portions of its terminal left and pathogenicity domains with the corresponding portions of PSTVd. Exchanges involving the left side of the pathogenicity domain led to lower rates of progeny accumulation in tomato, but one of the resulting chimeras was still able to replicate in cucumber. Exchanges involving the right side of the pathogenicity domain severely inhibited replication in tomato and appeared to abolish replication in cucumber. To identify potential interactions between nucleotides comprising the right side of the pathogenicity domain and other portions of CLVd, melting behaviors of circularized CLVd and PSTVd RNA transcripts were compared using a combination of temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and structural calculations. These analyses revealed an unexpected complementarity between the upper portion of the pathogenicity and terminal right domains of CLVd that facilitates breakdown of the rod-like native structure and formation of secondary hairpin II. Unlike secondary hairpin II, CLVd hairpin IV appears likely to act within the context of the genomic RNA. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hirosaki Univ, Fac Agr, Phytopathol Lab, Hirosaki, Aomori 036, Japan. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biol Phys, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Room 118,Bldg 004, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 313 IS 2 BP 604 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00352-0 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 720LC UT WOS:000185261400024 PM 12954225 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Trout, JM Fayer, R Shelton, D Jenkins, MC AF Higgins, JA Trout, JM Fayer, R Shelton, D Jenkins, MC TI Recovery and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples using continuous flow centrifugation SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE continuous flow centrifugation; Cryptosporidium parvum; detection ID FILTER DISSOLUTION METHOD; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; GIARDIA CYSTS; NATURAL-WATERS; CELL-CULTURE; PCR; INFECTIVITY; METHOD-1623; CAPSULE AB Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) was used in conjunction with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA) and nested PCR to recover and detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and cysts of Giardia intestinalis from 10 L volumes of source water samples. Using a spiking dose of 100 oocysts, nine of 10 runs were positive by IFA, with a mean recovery of 4.4 +/- 2.27 oocysts; when another 10 runs were analyzed using nested PCR to the TRAP C-1 and Cp4l genes, nine of 10 were positive with both PCR assays. When the spiking dose was reduced to 10 oocysts in 10L, 10 of 12 runs were positive by IFA, with a mean oocyst recovery of 3.25 +/- 3.25 oocysts. When 10 cysts of Giardia intestinalis were co-spiked with oocysts into 10L of source water, five of seven runs were positive, with a mean cyst recovery of x = 0.85 +/- 0.7. When 10 oocysts (enumerated using a fluorescence activated cell sorter) were spiked into 10L volumes of tap water, one of 10 runs was positive, with one oocyst detected. For the majority of the source water samples, turbidities of the source water samples ranged from 1.1 to 22 NTU, but exceeded 100 NTU for some samples collected when sediment was disturbed. The turbidities of pellets recovered using CFC and resuspended in 10 mL of water were very high (exceeding 500 NTU for the source water-derived pellets and 100 NTU for the tap water-derived pellets). While not as efficient as existing capsule-filtration based methods (i.e., US EPA methods 1622/1623), CFC and IMS may provide a more rapid and economical alternative for isolation of C parvum oocysts from highly turbid water samples containing small quantities of oocysts. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rm 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3551 EP 3560 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00251-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 707LN UT WOS:000184512300002 PM 12867321 ER PT J AU Steinau, AN Skinner, DZ Steinau, M AF Steinau, AN Skinner, DZ Steinau, M TI Mechanism of extreme genetic recombination in weedy Amaranthus hybrids SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interspecific hybrid; pigweed; transposable; squamosa ID DNA-SEQUENCES; REPAIR; RESISTANCE; PALMERI; BREAKS; RUDIS AB Interspecific hybridization of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp produce hybrids with unique DNA fragments not found in either parent. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the formation of the polymorphic fragments. Six novel fragments were cloned and sequenced. Five of the six were significantly similar to plant transposons, the sixth was similar to squamosa promoter-binding proteins from other plant species. Southern blot analysis using one of the novel fragments as probe revealed a consistent pattern of repetitive DNA that was species and biotype specific. These results indicate that transposon-like elements may play an important role in the formation of new fragments in Amaranthus hybrids derived from interspecific hybridization, suggesting that considerable instability of the hybrid genome may occur. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Agr, Genet Interdepartmental Program, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Steinau, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 696 EP 701 DI 10.1614/P2002-159 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 720ZF UT WOS:000185292000008 ER PT J AU Earle, RD Lunning, DM Tuovila, VR Shivik, JA AF Earle, RD Lunning, DM Tuovila, VR Shivik, JA TI Evaluating injury mitigation and performance of #3 Victor Soft Catch (R) traps to restrain bobcats SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bobcat; foothold trap; injury assessment; Lynx rufus; mechanical properties; Michigan; restraining trap; trap performance; Victor Soft Catch (R) trap ID STEEL FOOTHOLD TRAPS; TERRESTRIAL FURBEARERS; CAPTURING COYOTES; WILDLIFE POLICY; UNITED-STATES; HOLD TRAPS; EFFICIENCY; MANAGEMENT; DEVICES; FUTURE AB Measuring and mitigating trap-related injuries while maintaining an acceptable level of trap performance is a priority for species reintroductions and studies dependent on capture, release, and eventual recapture of marked animals. We trapped bobcats (Lynx rufus) in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan from midsummer to early fall from 1991-1996. Trap-related injuries and performance of new, stock #3 Victor Soft Catch(R) (Woodstream Corporation, Lititz, Pa.; current manufacturer: Oneida Victor, Inc., Euclid, Oh.) traps (SSC-n) were compared in 1991 to that of a previously used, unpadded analog, the #3 Victor double coil spring (DCS-u). The SSC-n trap significantly reduced trap-related injuries to bobcats while maintaining performance at or above the level of the DCS-u trap in 1991 and was used exclusively in 1992. Trap-related injuries to bobcats caught in previously used stock #3 Victor Soft Catch traps (SSC-u) in 1992 increased compared to SSC-n traps used in 1991 (D-mn = 0.750, P=0.002), and trap performance appeared to decline. Traps were modified to address these problems prior to use in 1993 by replacing the pair of stock #1.75 springs with #3 Victor springs, and cutting the pan width from 66.5 to 53.0 mm. Modified #3 Victor Soft Catch traps (MSC-n) used in 1993 reduced trap-related injuries from the SSC-u traps used in 1992 (Dmn =0.366, P=0.046). Trap-related injury scores of bobcats held in MSC-n traps in 1993 and MSC-u traps used from 1994-1996 did not differ among years (KW=2.746, P=0.432) and reduced trap-related injuries from SSC-u traps used in 1992 (D-mn=0.498, P<0.001). Trap performance of MSC-n and MSC-u traps met or exceeded the levels of performance measured for the DCS-u and SSC-n traps used in 1991. We measured mechanical properties of the 4 models of #3 Victor Soft Catch traps used in this study. We compared jaw closure velocity, clamping force, and impact force between samples of each model. We found differences in trap mechanical properties among models consistent with observations of trap field performance and trap-related injury assessment. SSC-u traps declined in impact force compared to SSC-n traps. MSC-n traps did not differ from MSC-u traps in any criterion measured and were combined for analysis. MSC traps showed greater jaw closure velocity, clamping force, and impact force than SSC-u traps. The #3 Victor Soft Catch trap can be used to trap bobcats with minimal trap-related injury and a high level of performance. However, it may be necessary to modify the traps as received from the manufacturer for optimal use with bobcats. C1 Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Earle, RD (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, Traverse City Field Off, 970 Emerson Rd, Traverse City, MI 49686 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 617 EP 629 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500003 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, AJ Bennett, TJ Gese, EM Arjo, WM AF Kozlowski, AJ Bennett, TJ Gese, EM Arjo, WM TI Live capture of denning mammals using an improved box-trap enclosure: kit foxes as a test case SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE box trap; kit fox; tunnel trap; Vulpes macrotis ID VULPES-VELOX; COYOTE; ECOLOGY; DENS AB The ability to capture and recapture animals efficiently is an integral part of many wildlife studies. For many species of small terrestrial carnivores, the baited box trap has been a staple of live-capture trapping efforts. Combined with an enclosure, the box trap is especially effective on species with a den or refuge that can be encircled. However, increased trapping success of these enclosure designs often is offset by increased cost, labor, and awkwardness of transporting and establishing the enclosure trap. We describe a new enclosure design, the tunnel trap, which improves on the mobility and effectiveness of previous enclosure designs. We tested the tunnel trap on the fossorial kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) on the United States Army's Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, from January 1999-September 2001. Over a period of 18 separate trapping events, 15 resulted in capture of a kit fox. We calculated trapping success to be 83%, and we captured an average of 0.6 kit foxes per trap-night. The trap effectively captured kit foxes of different age classes in a variety of terrains and seasons. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Ogden, UT 84055 USA. AGEISS Environm Inc, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kozlowski, AJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM egese@cc.usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 630 EP 633 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500004 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Pipas, MJ AF VerCauteren, KC Pipas, MJ TI A review of color vision in white-tailed deer SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE cones; Odocoileus virginianus; photopigments; retina; rods; vision; white-tailed deer ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FALLOW DEER; RED; MAMMALS; CONES AB A better understanding of the color vision abilities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) helps to determine how these animals interpret their environment. We review and summarize the literature related to the color vision abilities of white-tailed deer. Physiological measurements using advanced techniques such as molecular genetics, electroretinography, and electron microscopy have demonstrated conclusively that white-tailed deer possess the anatomical requisites for color vision. Operant conditioning techniques employed in pen studies using trained cervids confirm that deer see color. The eyes of white-tailed deer are characterized by 3 classes of photopigments: a short-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanism, a middle-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanism, and a short-wavelength-sensitive rod pigment. The number and distribution of rods and cones in the retina, augmented by adaptations of the eye, give white-tailed deer high visual sensitivity and visual acuity in light and darkness. During the day deer discriminate colors in the range blue to yellow-green and can also distinguish longer (orange and red) wavelengths. At night deer see color in the blue to blue-green range, although the moderately wide spectral sensitivity of rods permits some discrimination of longer wavelengths. Rods serve a discriminatory role in color vision, especially at low to moderate illumination levels. Benefits of color vision to deer include the ability to discriminate between plant species and parts and enhanced predator-detection capabilities. This information can be used to refine methods of resolving deer-human conflicts and provide insight to deer researchers, photographers, and hunters on how to be more inconspicuous to their subject. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildserv Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildserv Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 684 EP 691 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500009 ER PT J AU Tempel, DJ Gutierrez, RJ AF Tempel, DJ Gutierrez, RJ TI Fecal corticosterone levels in California spotted owls exposed to low-intensity chainsaw sound SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE California spotted owl; chainsaws; fecal corticosterone; human disturbance; Sierra Nevada Forest Plan; Strix occidentalis occidentalis ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; BALD EAGLES; RESPONSES; HAWKS AB The California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) is a focal management species in Sierra Nevada national forests. To protect the owl from human activity, the United States Forest Service has proposed guidelines that would prohibit timber harvest and road or trail construction within 400 m of active owl nest sites during the breeding season. To guide these efforts, we tested the physiological stress response of 9 nonbreeding wild male owls to the sound of a chainsaw operated 100 m from their roost site, using change in fecal corticosterone level (ng/g dry feces) as the response variable. We employed a cross-over experimental design to control for differences among individuals. Chainsaw exposure did not result in a detectable increase in fecal corticosterone level (F-1,F-7=0.01, P=0.94). These findings corroborate results of a field study that suggested spotted owls can tolerate low-intensity human sound in their environment without eliciting a physiological stress response. However, activities producing chronic and intense noise (e.g., timber harvest, road construction), which might elicit such a response, were not Simulated in our experiment. The effects of these activities on California spotted owls will require further research. C1 Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tempel, DJ (reprint author), Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Forest Serv, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 698 EP 702 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500011 ER PT J AU Miranda, BR Porter, WF AF Miranda, BR Porter, WF TI Statewide habitat assessment for white-tailed deer in Arkansas using satellite imagery SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; GIS; habitat evaluation; habitat suitability; Landsat; landscape; life requisite; Odocoileus virginianus; satellite imagery; white-tailed deer ID SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS; SCALE HABITAT; NEW-YORK; POPULATION; DENSITY AB We conducted a statewide assessment of habitat suitability for white-tailed deer (Odo-coileus virginianus) in Arkansas. We created a habitat suitability index (HSI) model that could be used with satellite imagery for habitat assessment based on life requisites for food and cover. The food and cover life-requisite equations included a vegetation-diversity modifier and distance modifiers to consider the proximity of potentially available resources. We tested model results against indices of relative population abundance and nutritional condition of deer at the county level. The original statewide model accounted for 45% and 23% of variation in abundance and nutritional condition indices, respectively. We adjusted the models to maximize fit with the population indices. The adjusted statewide HSI models accounted for 66% and 52% of variation in population abundance and nutritional condition indices, respectively. Separate models adjusted for each of the 4 physiographic regions of Arkansas were able to account for up to 76% of variation in relative abundance of deer. Landscape models of habitat suitability were most successful in the Gulf region, where large-scale commercial forests dominate, providing relatively equal habitat suitability across the landscape. Models were least successful in the Delta region, where the conversion to agriculture has fragmented habitat and suitability varied widely. Improvements in quality and resolution of population data and greater accuracy of classification of cover types, such as shrub communities, would allow greater understanding of the landscape-level features that are important indicators of habitat quality. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Miranda, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 715 EP 726 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500013 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE AF Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE TI Patterns of cowbird parasitism in the southern Atlantic coastal plain and piedmont SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; NESTING SUCCESS; BROOD PARASITISM; FORESTS; CAROLINA; PREDATION; SONGBIRDS; HABITAT; BIRDS AB Until recently, little information was available on patterns of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in the southeastern United States, a region into which cowbirds expanded their range only during the last half of the Twentieth Century and where their abundance is relatively low. We compiled parasitism data from several published and unpublished studies conducted in Georgia and South Carolina from 1993-2000 to examine levels of brood parasitism and determine frequent host species. The combined dataset included 1,372 nests of 24 species reported in the literature to have been parasitized by cowbirds. The parasitism rate on all species combined was 8.2%. Considering only those species that served as hosts in these studies (n = 12), the parasitism rate was 9.3%. Seven species were parasitized at rates greater than or equal to10%. Based on the extent of parasitism (among studies and locations), their relative abundance, and the sample size of nests, Prairie Warblers (Dendroica discolor), Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina), Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens), and Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea), all shrub nesters, appear to be the most important cowbird hosts in the region. Parasitism on some species reported as frequent hosts elsewhere was extremely low or not documented. We conclude that the impact of brood parasitism on the seasonal fecundity of hosts in the region probably is minimal, but additional work is warranted on species of concern, such as the Painted Bunting C1 US Forest Serv Savannah River, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv Savannah River, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 115 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1676/03-037 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 806VR UT WOS:000220461900009 ER PT J AU Thaxton, YV Cason, JA Cox, NA Morris, SE Thaxton, JP AF Thaxton, YV Cason, JA Cox, NA Morris, SE Thaxton, JP TI The decline of academic poultry science in the United States of America SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE poultry science; academic; departmental status ID PAST 50 YEARS; TEACHING PROGRAMS; INDUSTRY NEEDS; ANIMAL-SCIENCE; DEPARTMENTS; VIEWPOINT; FUTURE; REGIONALIZATION; UNIVERSITIES; CONSORTIUM AB Academic poultry science in the United States had its origins in the early part of the 20th century. It reached its peak with 45 active departments in the 1940's, but then started to decline significantly in the 1960's. Today, there are only 7 active departments. There have been a number of published theories as to why as the industry grew the academic programs disappeared. Declining student numbers and failure to address industry concerns are the primary theories. This paper addresses all of the available published work together to present the situation as it evolved and point to the potential outcome. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mitchell Mem Lib, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Thaxton, YV (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, POB 5188, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLDS POULTRY SCI ASSOC PI BEEKBERGEN PA CENTRE APPLIED POULTRY RES, HET SPELDERHOLT, POSTBUS 31, 7360 AA BEEKBERGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 59 IS 3 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1079/WPS20030018 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 724JE UT WOS:000185483800002 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA AF Compton, DL Laszlo, JA TI Loss of cytochrome c Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple in ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyclic voltammetry; cytochrome c; ionic liquids; self assembled monolayer ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; MOLTEN-SALTS; HEMIN AB The electrochemical behavior of cytochrome c (cyt-c) adsorbed to gold electrodes through mercaptoalkanoic acid/ mercaptoalcohol monolayers was investigated in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and hexafluorophosphate. Cyt-c does not retain its Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox activity in dry ionic liquids (ILs); however, the redox signal of the modified electrodes can be reconstituted upon subsequent treatment with aqueous buffer. Water saturated ILs, 1.4 wt.%, failed to support the redox activity of the adsorbed cyt-c; therefore, the ILs' deleterious effects on the redox behavior of the cyt-c modified electrodes cannot be attributed solely to the stripping of essential water from the enzyme's polypeptide lattice. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 553 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00324-3 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 722HE UT WOS:000185368700022 ER PT J AU Corp, LA McMurtrey, JE Middleton, EM Mulchi, CL Chappelle, EW Daughtry, CST AF Corp, LA McMurtrey, JE Middleton, EM Mulchi, CL Chappelle, EW Daughtry, CST TI Fluorescence sensing systems: In vivo detection of biophysical variations in field corn due to nitrogen supply SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fluorescence imaging; carbon; nitrogen; precision agriculture; Zea mays L. ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BLUE-GREEN FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES; VEGETATION CANOPIES; EMISSION-SPECTRA; IMAGING-SYSTEM; PLANT-LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Leaf and canopy fluorescence properties of field corn (Zea mays L.) grown under varying levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization were characterized to provide an improved N sensing capability which may assist growers in site-specific N management decisions. In vivo fluorescence emissions can occur in the wavelength region from 300 to 800 nm and are dependent on the wavelength of illumination. These light emissions have been grouped into five primary bands with maxima most frequently received from corn at 320 mn (UV), 450 nm (blue), 530 mn (green), 685 nm (red), and 740 nm (far-red). Two active fluorescence sensing systems have been custom developed; a leaf level Fluorescence Imaging System (FIS), and a canopy level Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging System (LIFIS). FIS sequentially acquires high-resolution images of fluorescence emission bands under darkened laboratory conditions, while LIFIS simultaneously acquires four band images of plant canopies greater than or equal to1 m(2) under ambient sunlit conditions. Fluorescence emissions induced by these systems along with additional biophysical measures of crop condition; namely, chlorophyll content, N/C ratio, leaf area index (LAI), and grain yield, exhibited similar curvilinear responses to levels of supplied N. A number of significant linear correlations were found among band emissions and several band ratios versus measures of crop condition. Significant differences were obtained for several fluorescence band ratios with respect to the level of supplied N. Leaf adaxial versus abaxial surface emissions exhibited opposing trends with respect to the level of supplied N. Evidence supports that this confounding effect could be removed in part by the green/blue and green/red ratio images. The FIS and LIFIS active fluorescence sensor systems yielded results which support the underlying hypothesis that leaf and canopy fluorescence emissions are associated with other biophysical attributes of crop growth and this information could potentially assist in the site-specific management of variable-rate N fertilization programs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W,Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 470 EP 479 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00125-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 711NW UT WOS:000184748800004 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Pimenta, AL Abboud, LCS Ravasani, RR Mense, M AF Dubey, JP Pimenta, AL Abboud, LCS Ravasani, RR Mense, M TI Dermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protozoa; Apicomplexa; dog; Toxoplasma gondii; Neospora caninum; skin; dermatitis AB Protozoal dermatitis was diagnosed in a 6-year-old female Great Dane dog from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The dog died because of a chronic illness with an Ehrlichia-like organism. Numerous apicomplexan parasites were identified histologically in the section of dermal lesions. The protozoan reacted with Toxoplasma gondii polyclonal rabbit serum but not with Neospora caninum or Sarcocystis neurona antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the protozoa was not T gondii because it had schizont-like structures with merozoites arranged around a prominent residual body, and the merozoites had several rhoptries with electron-dense contents; rhoptries in T gondii tachyzoites are electron-lucent and a residual body is not found in groups of tachyzoites. This is the first report of unidentified T gondii-like protozoa in the skin of a dog. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Municipal Med Vet Jorge Vaitsman, BR-1120 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00240-1 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 729LN UT WOS:000185775200007 PM 14519327 ER PT J AU Norman, JM Anderson, MC Kustas, WP French, AN Mecikalski, J Torn, R Diak, GR Schmugge, TJ Tanner, BCW AF Norman, JM Anderson, MC Kustas, WP French, AN Mecikalski, J Torn, R Diak, GR Schmugge, TJ Tanner, BCW TI Remote sensing of surface energy fluxes at 10(1)-m pixel resolutions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; disaggregation; surface flux models ID THERMAL INFRARED DATA; WATER-STRESS INDEX; HEAT-FLUX; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION INDEX; SENSED DATA; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN; DAILY EVAPORATION; REGIONAL SCALES AB [1] Many applications exist within the fields of agriculture, forestry, land management, and hydrologic assessment for routine estimation of surface energy fluxes, particularly evapotranspiration ( ET), at spatial resolutions of the order of 10(1) m. A new two-step approach ( called the disaggregated atmosphere land exchange inverse model, or DisALEXI) has been developed to combine low- and high-resolution remote sensing data to estimate ET on the 10(1) - 10(2) m scale without requiring any local observations. The first step uses surface brightness-temperature-change measurements made over a 4-hour morning interval from the GOES satellite to estimate average surface fluxes on the scale of about 5 km with an algorithm known as ALEXI. The second step disaggregates the GOES 5-km surface flux estimates by using high-spatial-resolution images of vegetation index and surface temperature, such as from ASTER, Landsat, MODIS, or aircraft, to produce high-spatial-resolution maps of surface fluxes. Using data from the Southern Great Plains field experiment of 1997, the root-mean-square difference between remote estimates of surface fluxes and ground-based measurements is about 40 W m(-2), comparable to uncertainties associated with micrometeorological surface flux measurement techniques. The DisALEXI approach was useful for estimating field-scale, surface energy fluxes in a heterogeneous area of central Oklahoma without using any local observations, thus providing a means for scaling kilometer-scale flux estimates down to a surface flux-tower footprint. Although the DisALEXI approach is promising for general applicability, further tests with varying surface conditions are necessary to establish greater confidence. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Norman, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 63 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 8 AR 1221 DI 10.1029/2002WR001775 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 720HJ UT WOS:000185255100002 ER PT J AU Damm, BI Pedersen, LJ Marchant-Forde, JN Gilbert, CL AF Damm, BI Pedersen, LJ Marchant-Forde, JN Gilbert, CL TI Does feed-back from a nest affect periparturient behaviour, heart rate and circulatory cortisol and oxytocin in gilts? SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gilts; sows; nest-building; oxytocin; cortisol; heart rate ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; AGONISTIC INTERACTIONS; PSEUDOPREGNANT PIGS; FARROWING BEHAVIOR; ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; PRIMIPAROUS SOWS; PARTURIENT SOWS; BETA-ENDORPHIN; DOMESTIC SOWS AB To determine the effects of feed-back from a farrowing nest on periparturient behaviour, heart rate and hormones, 20 gilts housed in Schmid pens were permitted to build a nest of peat, straw and branches. Ten gilts then had their nest removed (NR) 10 h after the onset of nest-building and again every 4h until parturition, whereas 10 gilts were given sham removals (C). Based on video recordings, gilt periparturient postures and nest-building behaviour were observed from 7 h before until 6 h after the birth of the first piglet. Maternal heart rate was measured using a transmitter belt and a watch receiver and the heart rate during the last 7 h prepartum analysed. Maternal blood samples were taken via a jugular catheter every 20 min over the last 7 h prepartum and later analysed for plasma concentrations of cortisol and oxytocin. Treatment did not affect the quantity or timing of nest-building and postural behaviour prior to or during parturition. However, treatment significantly affected changes over time in heart rate and plasma cortisol as parturition approached. Heart rate (P = 0.008) and plasma cortisol (P = 0.002) increased for NR gilts, but remained constant for C gilts, although nest-building activity decreased during this period in both groups (P = 0.006). Plasma oxytocin was unaffected by treatment. The prepartum increases in plasma cortisol and heart rate in NR gilts in the absence of greater activity suggest that nest removal was stressful. The observed treatment effects could have resulted from gilts perceiving environmental novelty following nest disruption, a specific lack of feed-back from the nest or disturbance from nest removal activity per se. The results emphasise the importance of the farrowing environment and the opportunity to construct a nest on sow welfare. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Hlth, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Natl Inst Agr Sci, Dept Anim Hlth & Welf, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Babraham Inst, Dept Neurobiol, MAFF Welf & Behav Grp, Cambridge CB2 4AT, England. RP Damm, BI (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Hlth, Gronnegardsvej 8, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 55 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(03)00111-4 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 718NE UT WOS:000185152400005 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Grigg, BC Fouss, JL Kornecki, TS AF Southwick, LM Grigg, BC Fouss, JL Kornecki, TS TI Atrazine and metolachlor in surface runoff under typical rainfall conditions in southern Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; metolachlor; herbicide; runoff; corn; Mississippi River alluvial soil; runoff available residue ID SOIL INTERACTION; WATER-QUALITY; LOSSES; TRANSPORT; CORN; PESTICIDES; DRAINAGE; RELEASE AB Atrazine and metolachlor are commonly detected in surface water bodies in southern Louisiana. These herbicides are frequently applied in combination to corn, and atrazine to sugarcane, in this region. A study was conducted on the runoff of atrazine and metolachlor from 0.21 ha plots planted to corn on Commerce silt loam, a Mississippi River alluvial soil. The study, carried out over a three-year period characterized by rainfall close to the 30-year average, provided data on persistence in the surface soil (top 2.5 cm layer) and in the runoff active zone of the soil, as measured by decrease in runoff concentrations with time after application. Regression equations were developed that allow an estimate of the runoff extraction coefficients for each herbicide. Atrazine showed soil half-lives in the range 10.5-17.3 days, and metolachlor exhibited half-lives from 15.8-28.0 days. Concentrations in successive runoff events declined much faster than those in the surface soil layer: Atrazine runoff concentrations decreased over successive runoff events with a half-life from 0.6 to 5.7 days, and metolachlor in runoff was characterized by half-lives of 0.6-6.4 days. That is, half-lives of the two herbicides in the runoff-active zone were one-tenth to one-half as long as the respective half-lives in the surface soil layer. Within years, the half-lives of these herbicides in the runoff active zone varied from two-thirds longer for metolachlor in 1996 to one-fifth longer for atrazine in 1995. The equations relating runoff concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor to soil concentrations contain extraction coefficients of 0.009. Losses in runoff for atrazine were 5.2-10.8% of applied, and for metolachlor they were 3.7-8.0%; atrazine losses in runoff were 20-40% higher than those for metolachlor. These relatively high percent of application losses indicate the importance of practices that reduce runoff of these chemicals from alluvial soils of southern Louisiana. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Southwick, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, 4115 Gourrier Ave, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5355 EP 5361 DI 10.1021/jf034049a PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714YD UT WOS:000184941500027 PM 12926883 ER PT J AU Awika, JM Dykes, L Gu, LW Rooney, LW Prior, RL AF Awika, JM Dykes, L Gu, LW Rooney, LW Prior, RL TI Processing of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products alters procyanidin oligomer and polymer distribution and content SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; procyanidins; HPLC; extrusion; baking ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GRAPE SEED TANNINS; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SALIVARY PROTEINS; FOODS; COCOA; QUANTIFICATION; SEPARATION; FLAVONOIDS AB Sorghum procyanidins were characterized and quantified from two brown sorghum varieties and their processed products by normal phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. The DP of the procyanidins was determined by thiolysis. Quantification was done by using purified oligomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidins as external standards. Sorghum procyanidins were composed mostly of high MW (DP > 10) polymers. Significant differences were observed in levels as well as distribution of the different MW procyanidins between the sorghums. Processing of the sorghum brans into cookies and bread significantly reduced the levels of procyanidins; this effect was more pronounced in the higher MW polymers. Cookies had a higher retention of procyanidins (42-84%) than bread (13-69%). Extrusion of sorghum grain resulted in an increase in the levels of procyanidin oligomers with DP less than or equal to 4 and decrease in polymers with DP greater than or equal to 6. This suggests a possible breakdown of the high MW polymers to the lower MW constituents during extrusion. Processing changes not only the content of procyanidins in sorghum products but also the relative ratio of the different molecular weights. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Awika, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5516 EP 5521 DI 10.1021/jf0343128 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714YD UT WOS:000184941500051 PM 12926907 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Meredith, FI Bacon, CW AF Voss, KA Meredith, FI Bacon, CW TI Effect of baking and frying on the in vivo toxicity to rats of cornmeal containing fumonisins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; bioassay; cooking; food safety ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CULTURE MATERIAL; CONTAMINATED CORN; B6C3F(1) MICE; B-1; FOODS; STABILITY; CHINA; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (=F. moniliforme) and other Fusarium species. They are found in corn and corn-based foods. Cooking decreases fumonisin concentrations in food products under some conditions; however, little is known about how cooking effects biological activity. Baked cornbread, pan-fried corncakes, and deep-fried fritters were made from cornmeal that was spiked with 5% w/w F verticillioides culture material (CM). The cooked materials and the uncooked CM-spiked cornmeal were fed to male rats (n = 5/group) for 2 weeks at high (20% w/w spiked cornmeal equivalents) or low (2% w/w spiked cornmeal equivalents) doses. A control group was fed a diet containing 20% w/w unspiked cornmeal. Toxic response to the uncooked CM-spiked cornmeal and the cooked products included decreased body weight gain (high-dose only), decreased kidney weight, and microscopic kidney and liver lesions of the type caused by fumonisins. Fumonisin concentration, as determined by HPLC analysis, in the 20% w/w pan-fried corncake diet [92.2 ppm of fumonisin B-1 (FB1)] was slightly, but not statistically significantly, lower than those of the 20% w/w baked cornbread (132.2 ppm of FB1), deep-fried fritter (120.2 ppm of FB1) and CM-spiked cornmeal (130.5 of ppm FB1) diets. Therefore, baking and frying had no significant effect on the biological activity or concentration of fumonisins in these corn-based products, and the results provided no evidence for the formation of novel toxins or "hidden" fumonisins during cooking. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5546 EP 5551 DI 10.1021/jf030128a PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714YD UT WOS:000184941500056 PM 12926912 ER PT J AU Horne, E Coyle, T O'Keeffe, M Alvinerie, M Galtier, P Brandon, DL AF Horne, E Coyle, T O'Keeffe, M Alvinerie, M Galtier, P Brandon, DL TI Release of protein-bound residues of thiabendazole from liver SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thiabendazole; bound residue; hepatocyte; liver; immunoaffinity ID IRREVERSIBLE INVIVO; PREGNANT MICE; RANEY-NICKEL; METABOLISM; MACROMOLECULES; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIBODIES; THIAZOLES; INVITRO AB Tissue-bound residues of thiabendazole (TBZ), a veterinary anthelmintic and postharvest fungicide, are formed when this compound is incubated with rabbit hepatocytes or administered to mice or pigs. Several pretreatment steps were investigated for removing free TBZ and metabolites prior to the release of bound residues, and three procedures were evaluated for the release of bound residues from solvent-extracted rabbit hepatocytes: incubation under acidic conditions, enzymatic action using cystathionine beta-lyase, and Raney nickel desulfurization. Immunoaffinity chromatography utilizes monoclonal antibodies capable of binding TBZ or its 5-hydroxy metabolite enabled isolation of crossreactive residue fractions. Residues released from incurred pig liver and isolated by immuno-affinity included TBZ, as determined by HPLC with photodiode array detection. The methodology described should facilitate food safety assessments of TBZ. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Food Safety Dept, Dublin 15, Ireland. INRA, Lab Pharmacol Toxicol, F-31931 Toulouse, France. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5552 EP 5555 DI 10.1021/jf030264f PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714YD UT WOS:000184941500057 PM 12926913 ER PT J AU Heathman, GC Starks, PJ Ahuja, LR Jackson, TJ AF Heathman, GC Starks, PJ Ahuja, LR Jackson, TJ TI Assimilation of surface soil moisture to estimate profile soil water content SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; profile soil moisture; soil water modeling; remote sensing ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; PARAMETERS; RETENTION; DRAINAGE AB The use of surface soil water content data as additional input for the Root Zone Water Quality Model in modeling profile soil water content was investigated at four field sites in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in south central Oklahoma, coincident with the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) Hydrology Experiment. Modeled soil water profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the same time period using a field calibrated time-domain reflectometry (TDR) system. The model was first run in the normal mode with inputs of initial conditions and upper boundary conditions of measured rainfall intensities and daily mean meteorological variables that determined evapotranspiration (ET). Soil hydraulic properties used in the model were estimated from limited soils data information, since in practical terms this is usually the case. Moreover, in our earlier study even the complete description of hydraulic properties based on laboratory and field measurements did not improve the results over average profile estimates using only limited input data. The model runs were then repeated with the daily simulated soil water content in the surface 0-5 cm layer being replaced by 05 cm measured soil water content. This process of forcing measured surface water content as additional model input is called direct insertion data assimilation. The simulated profile soil water contents, with and without data assimilation, were compared with TDR-measured profiles to a depth of 60 cm. Gravimetric surface soil water content was measured during SGP97 from June 18 to July 16, 1997 and used as a surrogate for remotely sensed surface moisture data. Data assimilation of surface soil moisture improved model estimates to a depth of 30 cm at all sites. Of particular significance, with data assimilation, model estimates more closely matched the measured dynamic fluctuations of soil moisture in the top 30 cm in response to rainfall events. There was no significant improvement in soil water estimates below the 30 cm depth. This may indicate that data assimilation of surface soil moisture tends to compensate for any errors in model simulations emanating from: (1) errors in the measurement of rainfall intensities or in using 5-min averaged rainfall intensities as done here; (2) errors in using daily average values of meteorological variables that determine ET in a daily ET model; (3) errors in determining hydraulic properties of the surface soil by either laboratory methods or more simple techniques; (4) errors due to the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties not properly represented in the model. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 E Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 62 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 279 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00088-X PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 722WM UT WOS:000185401100001 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Timlin, DJ Rawsls, WJ AF Pachepsky, YA Timlin, DJ Rawsls, WJ TI Generalized Richards' equation to simulate water transport in unsaturated soils (vol 27, pg 3, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, BA, ANRI,AWPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, BA, ANRI,ACSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BA, ANRI,HRSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BA, NRI,SRL, Bldg 007,Room 008,BARC W 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 279 IS 1-4 BP 290 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00195-1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 722WM UT WOS:000185401100019 ER PT J AU Schmitz-Afonso, I Loyo-Rosales, JE Aviles, MD Rattner, BA Rice, CP AF Schmitz-Afonso, I Loyo-Rosales, JE Aviles, MD Rattner, BA Rice, CP TI Determination of alkylphenol and alkylphenolethoxylates in biota by liquid chromatography with detection by tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE osprey; fish; alkylphenol; alkylphenylethoxylates; nonylphenol; octylphenol; ethoxylates ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; GREAT-LAKES; FISH; WATER; METABOLITES; POLYETHOXYLATES AB A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of octylphenol, nonylphenol and the corresponding ethoxylates (1 to 5) in biota is presented. Extraction methods were developed for egg and fish matrices based on accelerated solvent extraction followed by a solid-phase extraction cleanup, using octadecylsilica or aminopropyl cartridges. Identification and quantitation were accomplished by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and compared to the traditional liquid chromatography with fluorescence spectroscopy detection. LC-MS-MS provides high sensitivity and specificity required for these complex matrices and an accurate quantitation with the use of C-13-labeled internal standards. Quantitation limits by LC-MS-MS ranged from 4 to 12 ng/g in eggs, and from 6 to 22 ng/g in fish samples. These methods were successfully applied to osprey eggs from the Chesapeake Bay and fish from the Great Lakes area. Total levels found in osprey egg samples were up to 18 ng/g wet mass and as high as 8.2 mug/g wet mass in the fish samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Bldg 001,Room 220,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle/D-2168-2013 NR 39 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 1010 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00956-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 715HX UT WOS:000184966900004 PM 14503813 ER PT J AU Jacob, F Gu, XF Hanocq, JF Tallet, N Baret, F AF Jacob, F Gu, XF Hanocq, JF Tallet, N Baret, F TI Atmospheric corrections of single broadband channel and multidirectional airborne thermal infrared data: application to the ReSeDA experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; EMISSIVITY; WINDOW; AVHRR; SATELLITE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CALIBRATION; SCALE AB This study focused on atmospheric corrections of airborne thermal infrared remote sensing data acquired with a multidirectional and single broadband channel sensor during the ReSeDA experiment. For single channel sensors, atmospheric corrections are generally performed using atmospheric radiative transfer models such as MODTRAN 3.5 along with radiosoundings. A sensitivity study was performed using MODTRAN 3.5 simulations to assess the accuracy of the processing regarding the experimental context. It was shown that the local topography and the atmosphere spatial variability could affect significantly the radiosounding representativeness, whereas the fluctuations of the flight altitude around the nominal value induced non-negligible inaccuracies. Moreover, using a broadband sensor induced non-linear effects that required a second order correction and also the use of look-up tables to reduce computation time. A theoretical error was next proposed to account for both the sensor accuracy and the experimental uncertainties considered when performing the sensitivity study. This theoretical error was about VC, and agreed well with the results obtained when validating against field measurements. C1 INRA Climat Sol Environm, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP INRA Climat Sol Environm, Domaine St Paul,Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. EM fjacob@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011 OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 16 BP 3269 EP 3290 DI 10.1080/01431160210153958 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 700TX UT WOS:000184128200006 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP AF Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP TI A handheld real time thermal cycler for bacterial pathogen detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE TaqMan; PCR; detection; Escherchia coli O157 : H7; Bacillus anthracis; Erwinia herbicola ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PCR ANALYSIS; DNA AB The handheld advanced nucleic acid analyzer (HANAA) is a portable real time thermal cycler unit that weighs under I kg and uses silicon and platinum-based thermalcycler units to conduct rapid heating and cooling of plastic reaction tubes. Two light emitting diodes (LED) provide greater than 1 mW of electrical power at wavelengths of 490 nm (blue) and 525 nm (green), allowing detection of the dyes FAM and JOE/TAMRA. Results are displayed in real time as bar graphs, and up to three, 4-sample assays can be run on the charge of the 12 V portable battery pack. The HANAA was evaluated for detection of defined Escherichia coli strains, and wild-type colonies isolated from stream water, using PCR for the lac Z and Tir genes. PCR reactions using SYBR Green dye allowed detection of E. coli ATCC 11775 and E coli O157:H7 cells in under 30 min of assay time; however, background fluorescence associated with dye binding to nonspecific PCR products was present. DNA extracted from three isolates of Bacillus anthracis Ames, linked to a bioterrorism incident in Washington DC in October 2001, were also successfully tested on the HANAA using primers for the vrrA and capA genes. Positive results were observed at 32 and 22 min of assay time, respectively. A TaqMan probe specific to the aroQ gene of Erwinia herbicola was tested on the HANAA and when 500 cells were used as template, positive results were observed after only 7 min of assay time. Background fluorescence associated with the use of the probe was negligible. The HANAA is unique in offering real time PCR in a handheld format suitable for field use; a commercial version of the instrument, offering six reaction chambers, is available as of Fall 2002. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Room 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1123 AR PII S0956-5663(02)00252-X DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00252-X PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697KV UT WOS:000183942800005 PM 12788554 ER PT J AU Lakrod, K Chaisrisook, C Skinner, DZ AF Lakrod, K Chaisrisook, C Skinner, DZ TI Transformation of Monascus purpureus to hygromycin B resistance with cosmid pMOcosX reduces fertility SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biolistic; cosmid; hygromycin; Monascus purpureus; transformation ID ANKA PIGMENT PRODUCTION; RICE AB Albino strain KB20M1 of Monascus purpureus was genetically transformed to hygromycin B resistance with cosmid pMOcosX, using biolistic bombardment. Conidia and mycelial fragments were used as the recipient material and rupture disk strengths of 6.2 and 9.3 MPa each yielded a transformed isolate from five bombardments. Southern analysis suggested a single copy of the cosmid had integrated into each of the transformants. Both of the independent transformants formed cleistothecia but ascospore formation was greatly reduced or absent, suggesting the integration and expression of the genes carried on pMOcosX interfered with fertilization and/or ascospore formation in this homothallic fungus. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CATOLICA DE VALPARAISO PI VALPARAISO PA AV BRASIL 2950, PO BOX 4059, VALPARAISO, CHILE SN 0717-3458 J9 ELECTRON J BIOTECHN JI Electron. J. Biotechnol. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 712VH UT WOS:000184818700007 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, YQ TI Prediction of monthly-seasonal precipitation using coupled SVD patterns between soil moisture and subsequent precipitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; SKILL AB It was suggested in a recent statistical correlation analysis that predictability of monthly-seasonal precipitation could be improved by using coupled singular value decomposition (SVD) patterns between soil moisture and precipitation instead of their values at individual locations. This study provides predictive evidence for this suggestion by comparing skills of two statistical prediction models based on the coupled SVD patterns and local relationships. The data used for model development and validation are obtained from a simulation over East Asia with a regional climate model. The results show a much improved skill with the prediction model using the coupled SVD patterns. The seasonal prediction skill is higher than the monthly one. The most remarkable contribution of soil moisture to the prediction skill is found in warm seasons, opposite to that of sea surface temperature. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 15 AR 1827 DI 10.1029/2003GL017709 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 713PR UT WOS:000184867600003 ER PT J AU Souza, SC Palmer, HJ Kang, YH Yamamoto, MT Muliro, KV Paulson, KE Greenberg, AS AF Souza, SC Palmer, HJ Kang, YH Yamamoto, MT Muliro, KV Paulson, KE Greenberg, AS TI TNF-alpha induction of lipolysis is mediated through activation of the extracellular signal related kinase pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perilipin; map kinases; PPAR gamma ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INSULIN-RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN FAT-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE; STIMULATES LIPOLYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; LIPID DROPLETS AB Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) increases adipocyte lipolysis after 6-12 h of incubation. TNF-alpha has been demonstrated to activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and N-terminal-c-Jun-kinase (JNK) in different cell types. To determine if the MAP kinases have a role in TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with the cytokine (10 ng/ml), in the presence or absence of PD98059 or U0126 (100 muM), specific inhibitors of ERK activity. We demonstrated that U0126 or PD98059 blocked TNF-alpha-induced ERK activity and decreased TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis by 65 or 76% respectively. The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, rosiglitazone(ros), and 15-deoxy-Delta-(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ2) have been demonstrated to block TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis. Pretreatment of adipocytes with these agents almost totally blocked TNF-alpha-induced ERK activation and reduced lipolysis by greater than 90%. TNF-alpha also stimulated JNK activity, which was not affected by PD98059 or PPARgamma agonist treatment. The expression of perilipin, previously proposed to contribute to the mechanism of lipolysis, is diminished in response to TNF-alpha treatment. Pretreatment of adipocytes with PD98059 or ros significantly blocked the TNF-alpha-induced reduction of perilipin A protein level as determined by Western analysis. These data suggest that activation of the ERK pathway is an early event in the mechanism of TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Souza, SC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St,Room 603, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK50647, P30 DK34928] NR 56 TC 109 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1086 DI 10.1002/jcb.10565 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 709DL UT WOS:000184609400001 PM 12898507 ER PT J AU Gillies, RR Box, JB Symanzik, J Rodemaker, EJ AF Gillies, RR Box, JB Symanzik, J Rodemaker, EJ TI Effects of urbanization on the aquatic fauna of the Line Creek watershed, Atlanta - a satellite perspective SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE impervious surface area; landsat; mussels; urbanization ID LAND-COVER CHANGES; AREA; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTIONS; SEDIMENT; MUSSELS; EXAMPLE; QUALITY; IMPACT; INDEX AB Impervious surface area (ISA) was derived for a period from 1979 to 1997 from Landsat MSS and TM data for the Line Creek watershed that lies to the south of the city of Atlanta, GA. The change in ISA is presented as an ecological indicator to examine the cumulative water resource impacts on mussel population in three sub-watersheds of Line Creek-namely, Line, Flat, and Whitewater creeks. The satellite analysis shows that ISA expansion occurred substantially from 1987 to 1997 and is predominantly in industrial, commercial, and shopping center (ICS) complexes but also in smaller lot-size residential development. Evidence of mussel habitat degradation is indicated and loss of species (in the region of 50 to 70%) is present in areas where ISA expansion is observed-specifically in ICS complex development in and around Peachtree City that drains directly into the Line and Flat creeks. This is in marked contrast to Whitewater Creek where overall development of ISA is less and no major loss of mussel species is observed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol & Aquat Watershed, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Marshall & Associates Inc, Olympia, WA USA. RP Gillies, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol & Aquat Watershed, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 47 TC 77 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00082-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 709BN UT WOS:000184605000011 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH Cleveland, TE AF Boue, SM Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH Cleveland, TE TI Identification of volatile compounds in soybean at various developmental stages using solid phase microextraction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean; volatiles; maturity; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; solid phase microextraction; SPME ID FLAVOR COMPONENTS; PROTEIN AB Soybean (Glycine max) seed volatiles were analyzed using a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty volatile compounds already reported for soybean were recovered, and an additional 19 compounds not previously reported were identified or tentatively identified. The SPME method was utilized to compare the volatile profile of soybean seed at three distinct stages of development. Most of the newly reported compounds in soybean seed were aldehydes and ketones. During early periods of development at maturity stage R6, several volatiles were present at relatively high concentrations, including 3-hexanone, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, and 3-octanone. At maturity stage R7 and R8, decreased amounts of 3-hexanone, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, and 3-octanone were observed. At maturity stage R8 hexanal, (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, ethanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-octen-3-ol were detected at relatively high concentrations. SPME offers the ability to differentiate between the three soybean developmental stages that yield both fundamental and practical information. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Boue, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RI Bueno, Ligia/P-1359-2014 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4873 EP 4876 DI 10.1021/jf030051q PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 709QH UT WOS:000184635500005 PM 12903938 ER PT J AU Kurilich, AC Britz, SJ Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF Kurilich, AC Britz, SJ Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA TI Isotopic labeling and LC-APCI-MS quantification for investigating absorption of carotenoids and phylloquinone from kale (Brassica oleracea) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carotenoid; beta-carotene; lutein; retinol; vitamin A; phylloquinone; vitamin K; isotope; label; mass spectrometry; LC-MS; kale; Brassica oleracea ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; BETA-CAROTENE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; VITAMIN-A; HUMAN BIOAVAILABILITY; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; C-13 ABUNDANCE; HUMAN PLASMA AB The ability to study bioavailability of nutrients from foods is an important step in determining the health impact of those nutrients. This work describes a method for studying the bioavailability of nutrients from kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) by labeling the nutrients with carbon-13, feeding the kale to an adult volunteer, and analyzing plasma samples for labeled nutrients. Results showed that conditions for producing atmospheric intrinsically labeled kale had no detrimental effect on plant growth. Lutein, beta-carotene, retinol, and phylloquinone were analyzed using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Analysis of plasma samples showed that labeled lutein peaked in plasma at 11 h (0.23 muM), beta-carotene peaked at 8 (0.058 muM) and 24 h (0.062 muM), retinol peaked at 24 h (0.10 muM), and phylloquinone peaked at 7 h (3.0 nM). This method of labeling kale with C-13 was successful for producing clearly defined kinetic curves for C-13- lutein, C-13-beta-carotene, C-13-retinol, and C-13-phylloquinone. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4877 EP 4883 DI 10.1021/jf021246t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 709QH UT WOS:000184635500006 PM 12903939 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Moreno, C Cao, GH Ou, BX Prior, RL AF Sanchez-Moreno, C Cao, GH Ou, BX Prior, RL TI Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in selected white and red wines. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity comparison with nontraditional wines obtained from highbush blueberry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wine; grape; blueberry; anthocyanins; proanthocyanidins; phenolics; ORAC ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ELDERLY WOMEN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FRENCH PARADOX; GRAPE SEEDS; CONSUMPTION; FLAVONOIDS AB Antioxidant capacity, as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(PE)), total phenolic, total and individual anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidin fraction contents were evaluated in red and white wines from grapes. A comparison in terms of antioxidant capacity is made with nontraditional wines made from highbush blueberry. Blueberries are among fruits that are best recognized for their potential health benefits. In red wines, total oligomeric proanthocyanidin content, including catechins, was substantially higher (1177.18 +/- 96.06 mg/L) than that in white wines (8.75 +/- 4.53 mg/L). A relative high correlation in red wines was found between ORACPE values and malvidin compounds (r = 0.75, P < 0.10), and proanthocyanidins (r = 0.87, P < 0.05). In white wines, a significant correlation was found between the trimeric proanthocyanidin fraction and peroxyl radical scavenging values (r = 0.86, P < 0.10). A moderate drink (1 drink per day, about 140 mL) of red wine, or white wine, or wine made from highbush blueberry corresponds to an intake of 2.04 +/- 0.81 mmol of TE, 0.47 +/- 0.15 mmol of TE, and 2.42 +/- 0.88 mmol of TE of ORAC(PE)/day, respectively. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CSIC, Dept Plant Foods Sci & Technol, Inst Frio, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Brunswick Labs, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Sanchez-Moreno, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 62 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4889 EP 4896 DI 10.1021/jf030081t PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 709QH UT WOS:000184635500008 PM 12903941 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Hatfield, RD Ralph, J AF Grabber, JH Hatfield, RD Ralph, J TI Apoplastic pH and monolignol addition rate effects on lignin formation and cell wall degradability in maize SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; cell wall; apoplastic pH; Zulauf bulk polymers; Zutropf end-wise polymers; cross-linking; quinone methide intermediate; lignin-carbohydrate complex; thioacidolysis; enzymatic hydrolysis; degradability ID BETA-O-4-TYPE QUINONE METHIDE; CARBOHYDRATE MODEL COMPOUNDS; BETA-D-XYLOPYRANOSIDE; BENZYL ETHERS; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; POLYMER MODELS; REACTIVITY; RUMEN; ACIDS; DEHYDROGENATION AB Monolignol polymerization rate and apoplastic pH and may influence the formation of lignin and its interactions in cell walls. Primary maize walls were artificially lignified by gradual "end-wise" or rapid "bulk" polymerization of coniferyl alcohol at pH 4 or 5.5. Lignification efficiency was greatest for end-wise polymers at pH 5.5 (90-98%), intermediate for bulk polymers formed at either pH (54-82%), and lowest for end-wise polymers at pH 4 (41-53%). End-wise polymers had about 2.2-fold more ether inter-unit linkages and 70% fewer end-groups than bulk polymers. Low pH enhanced the formation of ether linkages in end-wise but not in bulk polymers. Differences in lignin structure did not influence the enzymatic degradability of cell walls, but lowering apoplastic pH from 5.5 to 4.0 during lignification reduced cell wall degraclability by 25%. Further studies indicated this pH-dependent depression in degradability was related to cell wall cross-links formed via lignin quinone methide intermediates. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4984 EP 4989 DI 10.1021/jf030027c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 709QH UT WOS:000184635500024 PM 12903957 ER PT J AU Haraguchi, M Gorniak, SL Ikeda, K Minami, Y Kato, A Watson, AA Nash, RJ Molyneux, RJ Asano, N AF Haraguchi, M Gorniak, SL Ikeda, K Minami, Y Kato, A Watson, AA Nash, RJ Molyneux, RJ Asano, N TI Alkaloidal components in the poisonous plant, Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea carnea; poisonous plant; intoxication in livestock; polyhydroxylated alkaloids; glycosidase inhibition ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; SWAINSONA-CANESCENS; LYSOSOMAL STORAGE; INHIBITOR; GOATS; SHEEP; ACID; INDOLIZIDINES; EXPRESSION AB Natural intoxication of livestock by the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) sometimes occurs in tropical regions of the world. Polyhydroxylated alkaloids were isolated from the leaves, flowers, and seeds of the poisonous plant and characterized. Chromatographic separation of the leaf extract resulted in the isolation of swainsonine (1), 2-epi-lentiginosine (2), calystegines B-1 (3), B-2 (4), B-3 (5), and C-1 (6), and N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (7). The contents of 1 in the fresh leaves and flowers were 0.0029 and 0.0028%, respectively, whereas the contents of 1, 3, and 4 in the seeds were similar to10 times higher than those in the leaves and flowers. Alkaloids 3, 4, and 6 showed a potent inhibitory activity toward rat lysosomal beta-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 2.1, 0.75, and 0.84 muM, respectively, and alkaloid 5 was a moderate inhibitor of alpha- and beta-mannosidases. Although alkaloid 1 is known as a powerful inhibitor of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (IC50 = 0.02 muM), alkaloid 2, which has been thought to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 1, was also a potent inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase with an IC50 value of 4.6 muM. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201181, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med, Res Ctr Vet Toxicol, CEPTOX, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Inst Biol, Ctr Anim Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Toyama Med & Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Hosp Pharm, Toyama 9300194, Japan. Mol Nat Ltd, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Cardigan, Wales. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Cardigan, Wales. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Asano, N (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Ho-3 Kanagawa Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201181, Japan. RI Gorniak, Silvana/C-7879-2013; Souza Ferreira, Maria/J-5108-2015 NR 32 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4995 EP 5000 DI 10.1021/jf0341722 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 709QH UT WOS:000184635500026 PM 12903959 ER PT J AU Donangelo, CM Woodhouse, LR King, SM Toffolo, G Shames, DM Viteri, FE Cheng, Z Welch, RM King, JC AF Donangelo, CM Woodhouse, LR King, SM Toffolo, G Shames, DM Viteri, FE Cheng, Z Welch, RM King, JC TI Iron and zinc absorption from two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in young women SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 99 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE iron and zinc bioavialability; humans; plant breeding; isotope labeling ID MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION; DIETARY IRON; NONHEME-IRON; FOOD; HUMANS; BIOAVAILABILITY; DEFICIENCY; RATS; ERYTHROCYTE; METABOLISM AB Extrinsic and intrinsic iron and zinc labels were used to test iron and zinc absorption from two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes, containing normal (common beans, CB) or higher (HFeZnB) iron and zinc concentrations, fed in single meals to young women with low iron reserves. The women were divided into two groups, with one receiving a CB test meal (n = 12) and the other, an HFeZnB test meal (n = 11). The beans were intrinsically labeled hydroponically with Fe-55 (CB and HFeZnB) and with Zn-70 (HFeZnB). Concentrations of zinc and iron were 98 and 65% higher, respectively, in HFeZnB as compared to CB, but phytic acid contents were similar. Extrinsic labels were Fe-59 (CB and HFeZnB), Zn-67 (CB), and Zn-68 (HFeZnB). Iron and zinc percent absorption levels were calculated from radio-iron activity in red blood cells and from urinary excretion of zinc isotopes. Intrinsic and extrinsic iron absorption measures were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.986) (average extrinsic/intrinsic ratio was 1.00). Iron absorption was low (geometric mean < 2%) in both bean types, and total iron absorbed was not different between types. Intrinsic zinc absorption from the HFeZn beans was higher than extrinsic absorption (15.2% vs 13.4%, p < 0.05) (average extrinsic/intrinsic was 0.90). The correlation between intrinsic and extrinsic zinc measures was not as high as that for iron (R-2 = 0.719). Percent zinc absorption levels were similar in both bean types, but total extrinsic zinc absorbed was 90% higher (p < 0.05) from the HFeZnB meal. Thus, the less expensive and time-consuming extrinsic labeling may be used to screen various varieties of beans for iron bioavailability in humans, but it underestimates zinc absorption by similar to10%. Selective breeding for high-zinc bean genotypes may improve zinc status. However, high-iron genotypes appear to have little effect on iron status when fed alone in single meais to women with low iron reserves. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Lab Bioquim Nutr & Alimentos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Elect & Informat, Padua, Italy. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave,1155 Surge 4, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 17 BP 5137 EP 5143 DI 10.1021/jf030151w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 709QH UT WOS:000184635500048 PM 12903981 ER PT J AU Anguera, MC Suh, JR Ghandour, H Nasrallah, IM Selhub, J Stover, PJ AF Anguera, MC Suh, JR Ghandour, H Nasrallah, IM Selhub, J Stover, PJ TI Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase regulates folate turnover and accumulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMATE SYNTHETASE; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID; SERINE HYDROXYMETHYLTRANSFERASE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BINDING-PROTEIN; HOMOCYSTEINE; DEFICIENCY; CATABOLISM AB Cellular folate deficiency impairs one-carbon metabolism, resulting in decreased fidelity of DNA synthesis and inhibition of numerous S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation reactions including protein and DNA methylation. Cellular folate concentrations are influenced by folate availability, cellular folate transport efficiency, folate polyglutamylation, and folate turnover specifically through degradation. Folate cofactors are highly susceptible to oxidative degradation in vitro with the exception of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, which may be a storage form of folate. In this study, we determined the effects of depleting cytoplasmic 5-formyltetrahydrofolate on cellular folate concentrations and folate turnover rates in cell cultures by expressing the human methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase cDNA in human MCF-7 cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. Cells with increased methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity exhibited: 1) increased rates of folate turnover, 2) elevated generation of p-aminobenzoylglutamate in culture medium, 3) depressed cellular folate concentrations independent of medium folic acid concentrations, and 4) increased average polyglutamate chain lengths of folate cofactors. These data indicate that folate catabolism and folate polyglutamylation are competitive reactions that influence cellular folate concentrations, and that increased methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity accelerates folate turnover rates, depletes cellular folate concentrations, and may account in part for tissue-specific differences in folate accumulation. C1 Cornell Univ, Grad Field Biochem Mol & Cellular Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stover, PJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Grad Field Biochem Mol & Cellular Biol, 315 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD35687] NR 53 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 8 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 32 BP 29856 EP 29862 DI 10.1074/jbc.M302883200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 707JF UT WOS:000184507000058 PM 12764149 ER PT J AU Nolting, B Schalike, W Hampel, P Grundig, F Gantert, S Sips, N Bandlow, W Qi, PX AF Nolting, B Schalike, W Hampel, P Grundig, F Gantert, S Sips, N Bandlow, W Qi, PX TI Structural determinants of the rate of protein folding SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE protein folding kinetics; chain topology; phi-value analysis; helix-coil transition; nucleation-condensation mechanism; rational design of enzymes ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; NUCLEATION-CONDENSATION MECHANISM; INTER-RESIDUE CONTACTS; BETA-SHEET PROTEIN; TRANSITION-STATE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; PHI-VALUES; NONLOCAL INTERACTIONS; ENGINEERING ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB To understand the mechanism of protein folding and to assist rational design of fast-folding, non-aggregating and stable artificial enzymes, it is essential to determine the structural parameters which govern the rate constants of folding, k(f). It has been found that -log k(f) is a linear function of the so-called chain topology parameter (CTP) within the range of 10(-1) s(-1) less than or equal to k(f) less than or equal to 10(8) s(-1). The correlation between -logk(f) and CTP is much improved than using previously published contact order (CO) method. It has been further suggested that short sequence separations may be preferred for the establishment of stable interactions for the design of novel artificial enzymes and the modification of slow-folding proteins with aggregating intermediates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Prussian Private Inst Technol, D-13187 Berlin, Germany. Inst Genet & Microbiol, D-80638 Munich, Germany. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nolting, B (reprint author), Prussian Private Inst Technol, Schlosspk 30, D-13187 Berlin, Germany. EM nolting@pitb.de NR 108 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00091-2 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 704WF UT WOS:000184363300003 PM 12850450 ER PT J AU Song, JQ Bradeen, JM Naess, SK Raasch, JA Wielgus, SM Haberlach, GT Liu, J Kuang, HH Austin-Phillips, S Buell, CR Helgeson, JP Jiang, JM AF Song, JQ Bradeen, JM Naess, SK Raasch, JA Wielgus, SM Haberlach, GT Liu, J Kuang, HH Austin-Phillips, S Buell, CR Helgeson, JP Jiang, JM TI Gene RB cloned from Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad spectrum resistance to potato late blight SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MILDEW RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; HYBRIDS; REVEALS; PLANTS; REGION AB Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating potato disease in the world. Control of late blight in the United States and other developed countries relies extensively on fungicide application. We previously demonstrated that the wild diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum is highly resistant to all known races of P. infestans. Potato germplasm derived from S. bulbocastanum has shown durable and effective resistance in the field. Here we report the cloning of the major resistance gene RB in S. bulbocastanum by using a map-based approach in combination with a long-range (LR)-PCR strategy. A cluster of four resistance genes of the CC-NBS-LRR (coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat) class was found within the genetically mapped RB region. Transgenic plants containing a LR-PCR product of one of these four genes displayed broad spectrum late blight resistance. The cloned RB gene provides a new resource for developing late blight-resistant potato varieties. Our results also demonstrate that LR-PCR is a valuable approach to isolate genes that cannot be maintained in the bacterial artificial chromosome system. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Biotechnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetabel Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 35 TC 294 Z9 339 U1 4 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 16 BP 9128 EP 9133 DI 10.1073/pnas.1533501100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 709HP UT WOS:000184620000008 PM 12872003 ER PT J AU Roelofs, WL Rooney, AP AF Roelofs, WL Rooney, AP TI Molecular genetics and evolution of pheromone biosynthesis in Lepidoptera SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CORN-BORER MOTH; POSITIVE DARWINIAN SELECTION; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH; SEX-PHEROMONE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; MEMBRANE DESATURASE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS AB A great diversity of pheromone structures are used by moth species (Insecta: Lepidoptera) for long-distance mating signals. The signal/response channel seems to be narrow for each species, and a major conundrum is how signal divergence has occurred in the face of strong selection pressures against small changes in the signal. observations of various closely related and morphologically similar species that use pheromone components biosynthesized by different enzymes and biosynthetic routes underscore the question as to how major jumps in the biosynthetic routes could have evolved with a mate recognition system that is based on responses to a specific blend of chemicals. Research on the desaturases used in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway for various moth species has revealed that one way to make a major shift in the pheromone blend is by activation of a different desaturase from mRNA that already exists in the pheromone gland. Data will be presented to support the hypothesis that this process was used in the evolution of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis species. In that context, moth sex-pheromone desaturase genes seem to be evolving under a birth-and-death process. According to this model of multigene family evolution, some genes are maintained in the genome for long periods of time, whereas others become deleted or lose their functionality, and new genes are created through gene duplication. This mode of evolution seems to play a role in moth speciation, as exemplified by the case of the Asian corn borer and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis species. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Roelofs, WL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 60 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 16 BP 9179 EP 9184 DI 10.1073/pnas.1233767100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 709HP UT WOS:000184620000017 PM 12876197 ER PT J AU Amass, SF Pacheco, JM Mason, PW Schneider, JL Alvarez, RM Clark, LK Ragland, D AF Amass, SF Pacheco, JM Mason, PW Schneider, JL Alvarez, RM Clark, LK Ragland, D TI Procedures for preventing the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus to pigs and sheep by personnel in contact with infected pigs SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATION; SPREAD; FMD AB The most effective method of containing an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is by the culling of livestock. However, qualified people must diagnose the disease before the culling can begin, and they must avoid susceptible animals after having been in contact with infected premises, to prevent them from transmitting the virus. To test the effectiveness of biosecurity procedures in preventing the transmission Of FMD virus (O/UK/35/2001) investigators contacted and sampled pigs inoculated with FMD virus for approximately 45 minutes and then contacted and sampled sentinel pigs and sheep after either using no biosecurity procedures, or washing their hands and donning clean outerwear, or showering and donning clean outerwear. The virus was detected in the nasal secretions of one investigator immediately after the postmortem investigation of the inoculated pigs but was not detected in samples collected between approximately 12 and 84 hours later. After the contaminated personnel had showered and changed into clean outerwear they did not transmit the strain of FMD virus to susceptible pigs and sheep. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Pharmacia Anim Hlth, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. RP Amass, SF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, 1248 Lynn Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD AUG 2 PY 2003 VL 153 IS 5 BP 137 EP + PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 714LC UT WOS:000184914700006 PM 12934795 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ AF Elzen, PJ TI Beekeeping issues - Bee industry help to researchers is important SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 143 IS 8 BP 604 EP 604 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705XN UT WOS:000184422500011 ER PT J AU Paul, CJM MacDonald, JM AF Paul, CJM MacDonald, JM TI Tracing the effects of agricultural commodity prices and food costs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural inputs; costs; factor substitution; food prices; food processing ID UNITED-STATES FOOD; STRUCTURAL-CHANGE; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; INDUSTRY; COMPETITIVENESS; MARGINS AB We estimate a system of product and input-demand equations for food-processing industries to trace the links among farm commodity prices, food-processing costs, and food prices. Disembodied technical change, which likely reflects increasing consumer demand for convenience and product variety, has sharply reduced agricultural materials demand relative to most other food-processing inputs. This implies weakening impacts of farm price shocks on food prices. But improving quality and falling relative prices for agricultural inputs, in combination with increasing factor substitution, has counteracted these forces to encourage greater usage of agricultural inputs in food processing, and limit these trends. C1 USDA, ERS, Agr Struct Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 633 EP 646 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00461 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 700UB UT WOS:000184128600009 ER PT J AU Clayton, KC Preston, WP AF Clayton, KC Preston, WP TI The political economy of differentiating markets: Facing reality inside the US Department of Agriculture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP ASSA C1 USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Livestock Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Seed Program, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Clayton, KC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Livestock Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00477 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 700UB UT WOS:000184128600025 ER PT J AU Pick, D AF Pick, D TI Product differentiation and asymmetric information in agricultural and food market: Defining the role for government: Discussion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP ASSA C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Specialty Crops Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pick, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Specialty Crops Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 742 EP 743 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00478 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 700UB UT WOS:000184128600026 ER PT J AU Goodwin, BK Mishra, AK Ortalo-Magne, FN AF Goodwin, BK Mishra, AK Ortalo-Magne, FN TI What's wrong with our models of agricultural land values? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP ASSA ID FARMLAND PRICES; CAPITALIZATION; SUBSIDIES; SECTOR C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Goodwin, BK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 744 EP 752 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00479 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 700UB UT WOS:000184128600027 ER PT J AU Lence, SH Mishra, AK AF Lence, SH Mishra, AK TI The impacts of different farm programs on cash rents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP ASSA C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Lence, SH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 753 EP 761 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00480 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 700UB UT WOS:000184128600028 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Kirwan, B Hopkins, J AF Roberts, MJ Kirwan, B Hopkins, J TI The incidence of government program payments on agricultural land rents: The challenges of identification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP ASSA ID POLICIES C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI RASTOIN, Jean-Louis/F-3853-2011 NR 11 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 762 EP 769 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00481 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 700UB UT WOS:000184128600029 ER PT J AU Lott, MS Volin, JC Pemberton, RW Austin, DE AF Lott, MS Volin, JC Pemberton, RW Austin, DE TI The reproductive biology of the invasive ferns Lygodium microphyllum and L-japonicum (Schizaeaceae): Implications for invasive potential SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Florida; invasive species; Lygodium; reproductive biology; Schizaeaceae; selfing ID HOMOSPOROUS FERNS; MATING SYSTEM; METHYL-ESTER; GENETIC LOAD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BREEDING SYSTEM; ANTHERIDIOGEN; FLORIDA; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPODIACEAE AB The effect of culture system and population source on sexual expression and sporophyte production was examined for two invasive fern species in Florida, USA, Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum (Schizaeaceae). Both species are currently spreading through Florida. Long-distance dispersal of ferns is thought to rely on successful intragametophytic selling. Given the rate of spread observed in both Lygodium species, we hypothesized that both species are capable of intragametophytic selfing. To test this hypothesis, gametophytes of both species were grown in vitro as isolates, pairs, and groups. Both species were capable of intragametophytic selfing; 78% of L. microphyllum isolates produced sporophytes and over 90% of the L. japonicum isolates produced sporophytes. Lygodium microphyllum also displayed the ability to reproduce via intergametophytic crossing, facilitated by an antheridiogen pheromone. Sporophyte production was rapid across mating systems for both species, an advantage in Florida's wet and dry seasonal cycles. The high intragametophytic selfing rate achieved by both species has likely facilitated their ability to colonize and spread through Florida. The mixed mating system observed in L. microphyllum appears to give this species the ability to invade distant habitats and then adapt to local conditions. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Davie, FL 33314 USA. ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA. RP Lott, MS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 2912 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. NR 48 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 8 U2 15 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1144 EP 1152 DI 10.3732/ajb.90.8.1144 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 713AV UT WOS:000184833300005 PM 21659214 ER PT J AU Birch, LL Fisher, JO Davison, KK AF Birch, LL Fisher, JO Davison, KK TI Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls' eating in the absence of hunger SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE eating in the absence of hunger; overeating; restrictive feeding practices; girls ID OVERWEIGHT; DISINHIBITION; PREFERENCES; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; ACCESS; WEIGHT; FOODS; SIZE AB Background: Experimental findings causally link restrictive child-feeding practices to overeating in children. However, longitudinal data are needed to determine the extent to which restrictive feeding practices promote overeating. Objectives: Our objectives were to determine whether restrictive feeding practices foster girls' eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and whether girls' weight status moderates the effects of restrictive feeding practices. Design: Longitudinal data were used to create a study design featuring 2 maternal restriction factors (low and high), 2 weight-status factors (nonoverweight and overweight), and 3 time factors (ages 5, 7, and 9 y). Results: Mean EAH increased significantly (P < 0.0001) from 5 to 9 y of age. Higher levels of restriction at 5 y of age predicted higher EAH at 7 y of age (P < 0.001) and at 9 y of age (P < 0.01). Girls who were already overweight at 5 y of age and who received higher levels of restriction had the highest EAH scores at 9 y of age (P < 0.05) and the greatest increases in EAH from 5 to 9 y of age (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The developmental increase in EAH from 5 to 9 y of age may be especially problematic in obesigenic environments. These longitudinal data provide evidence that maternal restriction can promote overeating. Girls who are already overweight at 5 y of age may be genetically predisposed to be especially responsive to environmental cues. These findings are not expected to be generalized to boys or to other racial and ethnic groups. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Birch, LL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, 105 N White Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR10732, M01 RR010732]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD032973, R01 HD32973, R01 HD032973-07] NR 24 TC 387 Z9 392 U1 11 U2 48 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 78 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 704XE UT WOS:000184366300005 PM 12885700 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM AF Tang, GW Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM TI Short-term (intestinal) and long-term (postintestinal) conversion of beta-carotene to retinol in adults as assessed by a stable-isotope reference method SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE [H-2(8)]beta-carotene; [H-2(8)]retinyl acetate; humans; retinol equivalence; stable isotope; mass spectrometry ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VITAMIN-A; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; DOUBLE-TRACER; HUMANS; METABOLISM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; VOLUNTEER; TISSUES AB Background: Quantitative information on the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in humans is limited. Objective: We determined the short- and long-term conversion of labeled beta-carotene to vitamin A by using a stable-isotope reference method. Design: [H-2(8)]beta-Carotene (11011 nmol, or 6 mg) in oil was given with a liquid diet (25% of energy from fat) to 22 adult volunteers (10 men, 12 women). Three days after the [H-2(8)]beta-carotene dose, the volunteers each took a dose of [H-2(8)]retinyl acetate (8915 nmol, or 3 mg) in oil with the same liquid diet. Blood samples were collected over 56 d. Results: The 53-d area under the serum (2)[H-4]retinol response curve (from the [H-2(8)]beta-carotene dose) was 569 +/- 385 nmol . d, and the 53-d area under the serum [H-2(8)]retinol response curve (from the [H-2(8)]retinyl acetate dose) was 1798 +/- 1139 nmol . d. With the use of [H-2(8)]retinyl acetate as the vitamin A reference, the [H-2(4)]retinol formed from [H-2(8)]beta-carotene (11011 nmol) was calculated to be equivalent to 3413.9 +/- 2298.4 nmol retinol. The conversion factor of beta-carotene to retinol varied from 2.4 to 20.2, and the average conversion factor was 9.1 to 1 by wt or 4.8 to 1 by mol. This conversion factor was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.57, P = 0.006). The postabsorption conversion of beta-carotene was estimated as 7.8%, 13.6%, 16.4%, and 19.0% of the total converted retinol at 6, 14, 21, or 53 d after the [H-2(8)]beta-carotene dose, respectively. Conclusion: The quantitative determination of the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in humans can be accomplished by using a stable-isotope reference method. This approach provides in vivo metabolic information after a physiologic dose of beta-carotene. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 78 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 704XE UT WOS:000184366300011 PM 12885706 ER PT J AU Sunehag, AL Haymond, MW AF Sunehag, AL Haymond, MW TI Maternal protein homeostasis and milk protein synthesis during feeding and fasting in humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE amino acid metabolism; albumin synthesis; stable isotopes; urea ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; LACTATING WOMEN; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; ALBUMIN AB Little is known about amino acid ( AA) and protein metabolism in lactating women. We hypothesized: 1) AA sources other than the plasma acid pool provide substrate for milk protein synthesis in humans and 2) if albumin was one such source, then albumin fractional synthesis rate (FSR) is higher in the lactating women. To test these hypotheses, six healthy exclusively breast-feeding women [ 27 +/- 3 yr; body mass index (BMI) 26 +/- 2 kg/m(2)] between 6 wk and 3 mo postpartum and six healthy nonlactating women ( 28 +/- 2 yr; BMI 22 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) were studied two times, in random order, during 22 h fasting or 10 h of continuous feeding with a mixed nutrient drink. Protein metabolism was determined using [1-C-13] leucine and [N-15(2)] urea. In both the fed and fasted states, a significant portion of milk protein ( 20 +/- 5 and 31 +/- 6%, respectively) was derived from sources other than the plasma free AA pool. A 70% higher ( P < 0.02) FSR of albumin was observed in lactating women during feeding, suggesting that albumin is a likely source of AA for milk protein synthesis. We conclude that plasma free AA contribute only 70 - 80% of the substrate for milk protein synthesis in humans and that albumin may be a significant source of amino acids for the remainder. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00188-34]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-3737857]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK-55478] NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 285 IS 2 BP E420 EP E426 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00080.2003 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 702BU UT WOS:000184205400022 PM 12700159 ER PT J AU Wachsmuth, A Wilkinson, L Dallal, GE AF Wachsmuth, A Wilkinson, L Dallal, GE TI Galton's bend: A previously undiscovered nonlinearity in Galton's family stature regression data SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE graphics; regression; statistics AB In Francis Gallon's 1886 article "Regression Towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature," Gallon analyzed the heights of 928 adult children and their 205 pairs of parents to illustrate his linear regression model. Although Gallon's data have been recalled frequently to illustrate linear regression and regression toward the mean, no one seems to have noticed that his height data do not fit his model. The purpose of this article is both to reveal this curiosity and to find a possible explanation for its existence using related data from Gallon's colleague Karl Pearson. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Stat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Tufts Univ, Biostat Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wachsmuth, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Stat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 57 IS 3 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1198/0003130031874 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 704VK UT WOS:000184361200010 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Rohrer, GA Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Nonneman, D Rohrer, GA Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Linkage mapping of a SNP in the porcine MADH1 gene to a region of chromosome 8 that contains QTL for uterine capacity SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMAD1; IDENTIFICATION; DISCOVERY C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 310 EP 311 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01024.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 704GN UT WOS:000184331200016 PM 12873226 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Smith, TPL Snelling, WM Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Smith, TPL Snelling, WM Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Linkage mapping of the bovine bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B (BMPR1B) to chromosome 6 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MUTATION; IB; CATTLE C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 311 EP 311 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01025.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 704GN UT WOS:000184331200017 PM 12873228 ER PT J AU Cepica, S Rohrer, GA AF Cepica, S Rohrer, GA TI Linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine PIK3R1 gene to chromosome 16 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME; MAP; P85-ALPHA; PANEL C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov, Czech Republic. RI Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01026.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 704GN UT WOS:000184331200020 PM 12873230 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD Ziemer, CJ Gailey, JK Leite, RC AF Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD Ziemer, CJ Gailey, JK Leite, RC TI Preslaughter holding environment in pork plants is highly contaminated with Salmonella enterica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWINE FOLLOWING EXPOSURE; MARKET SWINE; RAPID INFECTION; LAIRAGE; TYPHIMURIUM; PIGS; TRANSPORT; STRESS; TIME AB objective of this study was to determine whether abattoir pens can provide a Salmonella enterica infection source during the 2 to 4 It of preharvest holding. Previous work has suggested that pigs may be getting infected, but little has been reported on the environmental contamination of abattoir holding pens. For 24 groups of pigs studied (similar to150 animals/group) at two high-capacity abattoirs, six pooled fecal samples (n, 10 per pool) were collected from each transport trailer immediately after pigs were unloaded. Holding pens were sampled (one drinking water sample and six pooled floor samples consisting of swabs, residual liquid, and feces) prior to entry of study pigs for the routine holding period (similar to2.5 h). After slaughter, cecal contents and ileocecal lymph nodes were collected, on the processing line, from 30 pigs in each studied group. All samples were cultured for the isolation and identification of S. enterica by primary enrichment in GN-Hajna and tetrathionate broths, secondary enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth, and plating on brilliant green sulfa and xylose-lysine-tergitol-4 agars, followed by biochemical and serological identification. The study pens were highly contaminated with S. enterica; all holding pens sampled had at least one positive sample. Additionally, 33% (8 of 24) of drinking water samples were positive for S. enterica. All 24 groups of pigs had S. enterica-positive cecal contents and ileocecal lymph nodes, including those groups from transport trailers with no positive samples. From pigs, trailers, and pens, 586 isolates representing 36 different Salmonella serovars were isolated. Of the 353 isolates from pigs (109 from ileocecal lymph nodes plus 244 from cecal contents), 19% were identified as belonging to the same serovars as those isolated from the respective pens; 27% were identified as belonging to the same serovars as those isolated from the trailers. Sixteen percent of the unique serovars were isolated from both pigs and pens, suggesting that pens served as the infection source. This study demonstrates highly contaminated abattoir holding pens and watering sources. It also demonstrates that holding pens can serve as an infection source. This study identifies the abattoir holding pens as a significant hazard and a potential control point for Salmonella contamination in the preharvest pork production chain. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Savety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Prevent Vet Med Dept, Coll Vet Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Hurd, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Savety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4489 EP 4494 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4489-4494.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500020 PM 12902233 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Fayer, R Lal, AA Trout, JM Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Fayer, R Lal, AA Trout, JM Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH TI Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor host-adapted Enterocytozoon spp. as well as human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; WATER; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; MACAQUES; SAMPLES; STRAINS; SWINE; PIGS AB Over 13 months, 465 beavers, foxes, muskrats, otters, and raccoons were trapped in four counties in eastern Maryland and examined by molecular methods for microsporidia. A two-step nested PCR protocol was developed to amplify a 392-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene of Enterocytozoon spp., with the use of primers complementary to the conserved regions of published nucleotide sequences. Fifty-nine PCR-positive samples were sequenced. Multiple alignments of these sequences identified 17 genotypes of Enterocytozoon spp. (WL1 to WL17); of these, 15 have not been reported before. Most of the genotypes were found in multiple species of wildlife and belonged to a major group consisting of all the previously described Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes from human and domestic animals. Some of the isolates from muskrats and raccoons formed two distinct groups. Results of this study indicate that fur-bearing mammals, especially those closely associated with surface water, can be a potential source of human-pathogenic E. bieneusi. However, there are also host-adapted Enterocytozoon genotypes in wildlife, which may represent species different from E. bieneusi and have no apparent public health significance. This is the first report of E. bieneusi in wildlife. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 20 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4495 EP 4501 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4495-4501.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500021 PM 12902234 ER PT J AU Leverentz, B Conway, WS Camp, MJ Janisiewicz, WJ Abuladze, T Yang, M Saftner, R Sulakvelidze, A AF Leverentz, B Conway, WS Camp, MJ Janisiewicz, WJ Abuladze, T Yang, M Saftner, R Sulakvelidze, A TI Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut produce by treatment with lytic bacteriophages and a bacteriocin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEEF SPOILAGE; GROWTH; VEGETABLES; PRESERVATION; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; FRUITS; AGENTS AB The fresh-cut produce industry has been the fastest-growing portion of the food retail market during the past 10 years, providing consumers with convenient and nutritious food. However, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables raise food safety concerns, because exposed tissue may be colonized more easily by pathogenic bacteria than intact produce. This is due to the higher availability of nutrients on cut surfaces and the greater potential for contamination because of the increased amount of handling. We found that applied Listeria monocytogenes populations survived and increased only slightly on fresh-cut Red Delicious apples stored at 10degreesC but increased significantly on fresh-cut honeydew melons stored at 10degreesC over 7 days. In addition, we examined the effect of lytic, L. monocytogenes-specific phages via two phage application methods, spraying and pipetting, on L. monocytogenes populations in artificially contaminated fresh-cut melons and apples. The phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by 2.0 to 4.6 log units over the control on honeydew melons. On apples, the reduction was below 0.4 log units. In combination with nisin (a bacteriocin), the phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 5.7 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.3 log units on apple slices compared to the control. Nisin alone reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 3.2 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.0 log units on apple slices compared to the control. The phage titer was stable on melon slices, but declined rapidly on apple slices. The spray application of the phage and phage plus nisin reduced the bacterial numbers at least as much as the pipette application. The effectiveness of the phage treatment also depended on the initial concentration of L. monocytogenes. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Intralytix Inc, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Leverentz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 190 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4519 EP 4526 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4519-4526.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500024 PM 12902237 ER PT J AU Byrne, CM Erol, I Call, JE Kaspar, CW Buege, DR Hiemke, CJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ Benson, AK Wallace, FM Luchansky, JB AF Byrne, CM Erol, I Call, JE Kaspar, CW Buege, DR Hiemke, CJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ Benson, AK Wallace, FM Luchansky, JB TI Characterization of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from downer and healthy dairy cattle in the upper Midwest region of the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BEEF-CATTLE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; COW SYNDROME; PREVALENCE; FOOD; ANIMALS; IDENTIFICATION; WISCONSIN; INFECTION AB While cattle in general have been identified as a reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:117, there are limited data regarding the prevalence and clonality of this pathogen in downer dairy cattle and the potential impact to human health that may occur following consumption of meat derived from downer dairy cattle. In the present study, conducted at two slaughter facilities in Wisconsin between May and October of 2001, we established a higher prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in fecal and/or tissue samples obtained aseptically from intact colons of downer dairy cattle (10 of 203, 4.9%) than in those from healthy dairy cattle (3 of 201, 1.5%). Analyses of 57 isolates, representing these 13 positive samples (one to five isolates per sample), by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, revealed 13 distinct XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP). Typically, isolates from different animals displayed distinct REDP and isolates from the same fecal or colon sample displayed indistinguishable REDP. However, in one sample, two different, but highly related, REDP were displayed by the isolates recovered. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 10 of the 57 isolates, recovered from 2 (1 downer and 1 healthy animal) of the 13 positive samples, were resistant to at least 1 of 18 antimicrobials tested. However, there was no appreciable difference in the frequency of resistance of isolates recovered from downer and healthy dairy cattle, and not all isolates with the same REDP displayed the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Lastly, it was not possible to distinguish between isolates recovered from downer and healthy cattle based on their XbaI REDP or antimicrobial susceptibility. These results indicate that downer cattle had a 3.3-fold-higher prevalence of E. coli O157:117 than healthy cattle within the time frame and geographic scope of this study. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ankara Univ, Dept Food Hyg & Technol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30600 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid La, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@arserrc.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4683 EP 4688 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4683-4688.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500045 PM 12902258 ER PT J AU Ciche, TA Blackburn, M Carney, JR Ensign, JC AF Ciche, TA Blackburn, M Carney, JR Ensign, JC TI Photobactin: a catechol siderophore produced by Photorhabdus luminescens, an entomopathogen mutually associated with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC1 nematodes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONRIBOSOMAL PEPTIDE SYNTHETASES; COLI FERRIENTEROBACTIN PERMEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; ENTEROBACTIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; IRON-METABOLISM; GENE-CLUSTER; XENORHABDUS; IDENTIFICATION AB The nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora transmits a monoculture of Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria to insect hosts, where it requires the bacteria for efficient insect pathogenicity and as a substrate for growth and reproduction. Siderophore production was implicated as being involved in the symbiosis because an ngrA mutant inadequate for supporting nematode growth and reproduction was also deficient in producing siderophore activity and ngrA is homologous to a siderophore biosynthetic gene, entD. The role of the siderophore in the symbiosis with the nematode was determined by isolating and characterizing a mini-Tn5-induced mutant, NS414, producing no detectable siderophore activity. This mutant, being defective for growth in iron-depleted medium, was normal in supporting nematode growth and reproduction, in transmission by the dauer juvenile nematode, and in insect pathogenicity. The mini-Tn5 transposon was inserted into phbH-, whose protein product is a putative peptidyl carrier protein homologous to the nonribosomal peptide synthetase VibF of Vibrio cholerae. Other putative siderophore biosynthetic and transport genes flanking phbH were characterized. The catecholate siderophore was purified, its structure was determined to be 2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid [4-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoylamino)-butyl]-amide, and it was given the generic name photobactin. Antibiotic activity was detected with purified photobactin, indicating that the siderophore may contribute to antibiosis of the insect cadaver. These results eliminate the lack of siderophore activity as the cause for the inadequacy of the ngrA mutant in supporting nematode growth and reproduction. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Kosan Biosci Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. RP Ensign, JC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Ciche, Todd/0000-0002-1462-5269; Carney, John/0000-0002-0461-8890 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4706 EP 4713 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4706-4713.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500048 PM 12902261 ER PT J AU Cooley, MB Miller, WG Mandrell, RE AF Cooley, MB Miller, WG Mandrell, RE TI Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and competition by Enterobacter asburiae SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; IRRIGATION WATER; RADISH SPROUTS; SEED INFECTION; TOMATO PLANTS; SOIL; MOTILITY; GROWTH AB Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:117, have been shown to contaminate fresh produce. Under appropriate conditions, these bacteria will grow on and invade the plant tissue. We have developed Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) as a model system with the intention of studying plant responses to human pathogens. Under sterile conditions and at 100% humidity, S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 grew to 10(9) CFU g(-1) on A. thaliana roots and to 2 x 10(7) CFU g(-1) on shoots. Furthermore, root inoculation led to contamination of the entire plant, indicating that the pathogens are capable of moving on or within the plant in the absence of competition. Inoculation with green fluorescent protein-labeled S. enterica and E. coli O157:117 showed invasion of the roots at lateral root junctions. Movement was eliminated and invasion decreased when nonmotile mutants of S. enterica were used. Survival of S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:117 on soil-grown plants declined as the plants matured, but both pathogens were detectable for at least 21 days. Survival of the pathogen was reduced in unautoclaved soil and amended soil, suggesting competition from indigenous epiphytes from the soil. Enterobacter asburiae was isolated from soil-grown A. thaliana and shown to be effective at suppressing epiphytic growth of both pathogens under gnotobiotic conditions. Seed and chaff harvested from contaminated plants were occasionally contaminated. The rate of recovery of S. enterica and E. coli O157:117 from seed varied from undetectable to 19% of the seed pools tested, depending on the method of inoculation. Seed contamination by these pathogens was undetectable in the presence of the competitor, Enterobacter asburiae. Sampling of 74 pools of chaff indicated a strong correlation between contamination of the chaff and seed (P = 0.025). This suggested that contamination of the seed occurred directly from contaminated chaff or by invasion of the flower or silique. However, contaminated seeds were not sanitized by extensive washing and chlorine treatment, indicating that some of the bacteria reside in a protected niche on the seed surface or under the seed coat. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cooley, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mcooley@pw.usda.gov NR 64 TC 154 Z9 164 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4915 EP 4926 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4915-4926.2003 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500074 PM 12902287 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Bermudez, P Srebotnik, E Hammel, KE AF Ortiz-Bermudez, P Srebotnik, E Hammel, KE TI Chlorination and cleavage of lignin structures by fungal chloroperoxidases SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroperoxidase ID CURVULARIA-INAEQUALIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PLANT-MATERIAL; ENZYME; HYDROCARBONS; MECHANISM; SOIL AB Two fungal chloroperoxidases (CPOs), the heme enzyme from Caldariomyces fumago and the vanadium enzyme from Curvularia inaequalis, chlorinated 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-dihydroxypropane, a dimeric model compound that represents the major nonphenolic structure in lignin. Both enzymes also cleaved this dimer to give 1-chloro-4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-ethoxy-5-methoxybenzene, and they depolymerized a synthetic guaiacyl lignin. Since fungal CPOs occur in soils and the fungi that produce them are common inhabitants of plant debris, CPOs may have roles in the natural production of high-molecular-weight chloroaromatics and in lignin breakdown. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Tech Univ Wien, Inst Verfahrenstech, Umwelttechn & Tech Biowissensch, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 5015 EP 5018 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.5015-5018.2003 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500091 PM 12902304 ER PT J AU Overturf, K Raboy, V Cheng, ZJ Hardy, RW AF Overturf, K Raboy, V Cheng, ZJ Hardy, RW TI Mineral availability from barley low phytic acid grains in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE barley; fish feed; minerals; phosphorus; phytic acid; rainbow trout ID LOW-PHYTATE CORN; PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION; BONE MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; BROILER CHICKS; PERFORMANCE; PIGS; BIOAVAILABILITY; DIGESTIBILITY; REQUIREMENT AB Phosphorus storage within plant seeds occurs mainly as phytic acid, which has profound implications on the use of seeds as food material. Phytic acid phosphorus is unavailable to non-ruminants, leaches ionic minerals during digestion, and is excreted at elevated levels as a waste product. This presents a problem in nonruminant livestock production including current efforts to develop renewable grain and legume products for use in fish feeds. The development of lines of several cereal grain species that have reduced seed phytic acid concentration provides a novel approach to dietary and environmental problems associated with seed phytic acid. Utilizing four isogenic strains of barley (one normal for seed phytic acid, and three low phytic acid lines that produce seeds with approximately 50, 70 and 95% reductions in phytic acid) the apparent digestibility of nutrients in formulated diets containing these barleys at a level of 30% was measured using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Also examined was the apparent availability of several minerals including phytate phosphorus and total phosphorus. Results from these studies corresponded well with the results of other animal studies that evaluated low phytic acid cereal grains. With increasing reductions in seed phytic acid, seed available phosphorus increased and faecal phosphorus was reduced by up to 50%. Calcium availability increased, copper and sulphur decreased, and the other tested minerals demonstrated either increased or decreased availability in a manner uncorrelated to grain phytic acid concentration. C1 ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00249.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 705EW UT WOS:000184383600005 ER PT J AU Phillips, TA Summerfelt, RC Wu, J Laird, DA AF Phillips, TA Summerfelt, RC Wu, J Laird, DA TI Toxicity of chlorpyrifos adsorbed on humic colloids to larval walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; MALATHION AB After application, organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are often strongly adsorbed to soil constituents. Because of their relatively low water solubility, OPs may be transferred from field to stream adsorbed on suspended solids. However, we are not aware of research done to evaluate the bioavailability (i.e., toxicity) of OPs transported on suspended solids to fish. We conducted 48-h static toxicity tests to determine the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution and adsorbed on calcium-saturated humic acid (HA) to three larval stages of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Three concentrations of chlorpyrifos adsorbed on HA, a HA control, and a chlorpyrifos-only treatment were tested. Fish that survived the 48-h static toxicity tests were analyzed to determine total cholinesterase (ChE) activity. In general, survival of all larval stages of walleye exposed to chlorpyrifos-HA complexes was less than that of walleye exposed to HA controls and the chlorpyrifos-only treatment, which were not toxic to walleye. Cholinesterase inhibition of larval walleye exposed to chlorpyrifos-HA complexes was similar to the ChE inhibition observed in larval walleye exposed to chlorpyrifos in the aqueous phase. These laboratory experiments indicate potential toxicity of chlorpyrifos-soil complexes to larval fish. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Phillips, TA (reprint author), 115 Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 45 IS 2 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-0066-1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 703QC UT WOS:000184291600014 PM 14565584 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Kingan, TG Kochansky, JP AF Raina, AK Kingan, TG Kochansky, JP TI A pheromonotropic peptide of Helicoverpa zea, with melanizing activity, interaction with PBAN, and distribution of immunoreactivity SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone production; melanization; peptide; immunocytochemistry ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CORN-EARWORM MOTH; REDDISH COLORATION HORMONE; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; BOMBYX-MORI; CUTICULAR MELANIZATION; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; TERMINAL SEQUENCE AB The sequence of an 18-amino acid residue peptide was deduced from the gene encoding PBAN and other peptides with common C-termini in Helicoverpa zea. The peptide caused melanization in larvae and pheromone production in females of H. zea, and was designated pheromonotropic melanizing peptide (Hez-PMP). The peptide has a 83% sequence homology with a pheromonotropic peptide isolated from Pseudaletia separata. PMP caused melanization and mortality when injected into larvae just before molting. Whereas intense melanization was caused with a dose of 1,000 pmol, peak mortality occurred at 100 pmol, with 50% of larvae dying within 48 h after injection. Pheromonotropic activity of PMP was dose dependent. Co-injection of Hez-PMP and Hez-PBAN into a female resulted in suppression of the pheromonotropic effect of PBAN. Whole-mount immunocytochemical studies revealed PMP-like immunoreactivity in frontal ganglion, subesophageal, thoracic, and abdominal ganglia as well as the esophageal nerve. C1 USDA ARS, FSTRU, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Genom Inst, Riverside, CA USA. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, FSTRU, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1002/arch.10094 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 706JM UT WOS:000184450600001 PM 12886513 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Clark, EA Blackburn, M Hakim, RS Elsen, K Smagghe, G AF Loeb, MJ Clark, EA Blackburn, M Hakim, RS Elsen, K Smagghe, G TI Stem cells from midguts of lepidopteran larvae: Clues to the regulation of stem cell fate SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE midgut; stem cells; growth factors; differentiation; proliferation ID GROWTH-BLOCKING PEPTIDE; IMAGINAL DISC CELLS; IN-VITRO; MANDUCA-SEXTA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INSECT MIDGUT; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; TYROSINE KINASE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Previously, we showed that isolated stem cells from midguts of Heliothis virescens can be induced to multiply in response to a multiplication protein (MP) isolated from pupal fat body, or to differentiate to larval types of mature midgut cells in response to either of 4 differentiation factors (MDFs) isolated from larval midgut cell-conditioned medium or pupal hemolymph. In this work, we show that the responses to MDF-2 and MP in H. virescens stem cells decayed at different time intervals, implying that the receptors or response cascades for stem cell differentiation and multiplication may be different. However, the processes appeared to be linked, since conditioned medium and MDF-2 prevented the action of MP on stem cells; MP by itself appeared to repress stem cell differentiation. Epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid, and platelet-derived growth factor induced isolated midgut stem cells of H. virescens and Lymantria dispar to multiply and to differentiate to mature midgut cells characteristic of prepupal, pupal, and adult lepidopteran midgut epithelium, and to squamous-like cells and scales not characteristic of midgut tissue instead of the larval types of mature midgut epithelium induced by the MDFs. Midgut stem cells appear to be multipotent and their various differentiated fates can be influenced by several growth factors. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. State Univ Ghent, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Agrozool, Ghent, Belgium. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 186 EP 198 DI 10.1002/arch.10098 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 706JM UT WOS:000184450600004 PM 12886516 ER PT J AU Hight, SD Horiuchi, I Vitorino, MD Wikler, C Pedrosa-Macedo, JH AF Hight, SD Horiuchi, I Vitorino, MD Wikler, C Pedrosa-Macedo, JH TI Biology, host specificity tests, and risk assessment of the sawfly Heteroperreyia hubrichi, a potential biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolius in Hawaii SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anacardiaceae; Brazilian peppertree; Christmasberry; classical biological control; Heteroperreyia hubrichi; host specificity; non-target impacts; Rhus sandwicensis; risk assessment; Schinus terebinthifolius AB Heteroperreyia hubrichi Malaise ( Hymenoptera: Pergidae), a foliage feeding sawfly of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi ( Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was studied to assess its suitability as a classical biological control agent of this invasive weed in Hawaii. Nochoice host-specificity tests were conducted in Hawaiian quarantine on 20 plant species in 10 families. Besides the target weed, adult females oviposited on four test species. Females accepted the Hawaiian native Rhus sandwicensis A. Gray ( Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) as an oviposition host equally as well as the target species. The other three species received significantly fewer eggs. Neonate larvae transferred onto test plants successfully developed to pupae on S. terebinthifolius (70% survival) and R. sandwicensis ( 1% survival). All other 18 test plant species failed to support larval development. A risk analysis was conducted to quantify the acceptability of non-target species as host plants for H. hubrichi on the basis of the insect's performance at various stages in its life cycle. Risk of damage to all plant species tested was insignificant except for R. sandwicensis. Risk to this native plant relative to S. terebinthifolius was estimated at 1%. Currently this level of risk is too high to request introduction of this insect into the Hawaiian environment. Detailed impact studies in the native range of S. terebinthifolius are needed to identify the potential benefit that this insect offers. Also, field studies in South America with potted R. sandwicensis would give a more reliable analysis of the risk this native Hawaiian plant would face from natural populations of H. hubrichi. C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA USA. Univ Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Hight, SD (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Rm 310 Perry Paige Bldg S, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Vitorino, Marcelo/C-1952-2013 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 461 EP 476 DI 10.1023/A:1024734508842 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 701MJ UT WOS:000184171100008 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA Burkhead, KD Bothast, RJ AF Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA Burkhead, KD Bothast, RJ TI Postharvest biological control of potato sprouting by fusarium dry rot suppressive bacteria SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; postharvest storage; potato; Solanum tuberosum; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Enterobacter cloacae; sprout inhibitor; dry rot; Fusarium sambucinum; Gibberella pulicaris; fungicide ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; BIOCONTROL AGENT PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-2-79; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; TOTAL DIET; WHEAT; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL AB Chemical sprout inhibitors are applied to over 50% of the potato harvest to extend storage time. In the U. S. A., CIPC (1-methylethyl-3-chlorophenylcarbamate) is the only synthetic chemical registered for postharvest sprout control of stored potatoes, and it is the most widely used sprout inhibitor world-wide. Due to environmental and health safety concerns, the use of CIPC has become more restricted, and alternative sprout control methods are sought. Six bacteria strains, exhibiting superior dry rot suppressiveness in previous research, were grown in two different liquid culture media and sprayed on Russet Burbank potatoes. In growth chamber and pilot experiments repeated at two storage sites in two successive years, all six isolates demonstrated significant sprout control capabilities when applied after growth on at least one of the culture media supplied. Of the six strains tested, Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. V S11: P: 12 and two strains of Enterobacter sp., S11: T: 07 and S11: P: 08, exhibited highest relative performance levels with sprout control being statistically similar to that of 16.6 ppm CIPC thermal fog after 4 - 5 months storage. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 5 BP 477 EP 494 DI 10.1080/0958315031000140992 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 706CH UT WOS:000184433800002 ER PT J AU Iniguez, G Vaca, P Rowell, RM AF Iniguez, G Vaca, P Rowell, RM TI Tequila, slaughterhouse wastes and composting SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Iniguez, G (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 2003 VL 44 IS 8 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 712WC UT WOS:000184821200034 ER PT J AU Bailey, VL Smith, JL Bolton, H AF Bailey, VL Smith, JL Bolton, H TI Novel antibiotics as inhibitors for the selective respiratory inhibition method of measuring fungal : bacterial ratios in soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE novel antibiotics; respiratory inhibition method; fungal : bacterial ratio; bactericide; fungicide ID SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; FOREST SOILS; FUNGICIDES; GRASSLAND; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; ERGOSTEROL; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY AB The use of the selective inhibition (Sl) method for measuring fungal:bacterial ratios may be limited due to biocide selectivity and the overlap of antibiotic activity. This study evaluated novel pairs of antibiotics for their specificity in soils of different origins and their potential reduction in inhibition of non-target organisms. Four soils selected for this study were from a semi-arid shrub-steppe, a loblolly pine forest and two grassland sites (restored and farmed prairie plots). Three bactericides were tested: oxytetracycline hydrochloride, streptomycin sulphate, and bronopol. Three fungicides were tested: captan, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The inhibitor additivity ratio and fungal:bacterial ratios were calculated from control and treated soils where inhibition was measured as CO2 respiration reduction with biocides. We were able to minimize non-target inhibition by the antibiotics to <5% and thus calculate reliable fungal: bacterial ratios using captan to inhibit fungi in all four soils, and bronopol to inhibit bacteria in three of the four soils. The most successful bactericide in the restored prairie was oxytetracycline-HCl. Our results demonstrate that application of novel antibiotics is not uniformly successful in soils of different origin and that the Sl technique requires more than just optimization of antibiotic concentration; it also requires optimization of antibiotic selection. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN P7-50,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0620-7 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 767FL UT WOS:000188429500004 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM Gill, TE Kennedy, AC AF Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM Gill, TE Kennedy, AC TI Enzyme activities and microbial community structure in semiarid agricultural soils SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE fatty acid methyl ester; tillage; dryland; cropping systems; soil management ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; TILLAGE; BIOMASS; QUALITY; ARYLSULFATASE; DIVERSITY; PROFILES AB This study investigated the effect of management on beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities and the microbial community structure in semiarid soils from West Texas, USA. Surface samples (0-5 cm) were taken from a fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and loam that were under continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or in cotton rotated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), rye (Secale cereale) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and had different water management (irrigated or dryland), and tillage (conservation or conventional). The enzyme activities were higher in the loam and sandy clay loam than in the fine sandy loam. Soil pH was not affected by management, but the soil organic C and total N contents were generally affected by the different crop rotations and tillage practices studied. The trends of the enzyme activities as affected by management depended on the soil, but in general crop rotations and conservation tillage increased the enzyme activities in comparison to continuous cotton and conventional tillage. The soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with the soil organic C (r-values up to 0.90, P < 0.001), and were correlated among each other (r-values up to 0.90, P < 0.001). There were differences in the fatty acid methyl ester profiles between the fine sandy loam and the sandy clay loam and loam, and they reflected the differences in the enzyme activities found among the soils. For example, a 15:0 ranged from 1.61 +/- 0.25% in cotton-peanut/irrigated/no-till in the fine sandy loam to 3.86 +/- 0.48% in cotton-sorghum/dryland/conservation tillage in the sandy clay loam. There were no differences due to management within the same soil. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Wind Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Wind Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; OI Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105 NR 37 TC 69 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 216 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0626-1 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 725TD UT WOS:000185557700004 ER PT J AU Corbin, CJ Moran, FM Vidal, JD Ford, JJ Wise, T Mapes, SM Njar, VC Brodie, AM Conley, AJ AF Corbin, CJ Moran, FM Vidal, JD Ford, JJ Wise, T Mapes, SM Njar, VC Brodie, AM Conley, AJ TI Biochemical assessment of limits to estrogen synthesis in porcine follicles SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE estradiol; follicle; granulosa cells; ovary; theca cells ID SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE; CELLS IN-VITRO; 3-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES; BOVINE FOLLICLES; FOLLICULAR PHASE; CORPORA-LUTEA AB Limits to estrogen production by early and late preovulatory porcine follicles were assessed by comparing enzymatic capacities for androgen (17,20-lyase) and estrogen (aromatase) synthesis in theca interna and granulosa, support of enzyme activities by the redox partner proteins NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (reductase) and cytochrome b(5), and tissue-specific expression and regulation of these proteins. Parameters included follicular fluid (FF) estradiol and progesterone levels, theca and granulosa aromatase and reductase activities, and theca 17,20-lyase activity. Expression of proteins responsible for these activities, aromatase (P450arom) and 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase(P450c17) cytochromes P450, reductase, and for the first time in ovarian tissues cytochrome b(5), were examined by Western immunoblot and immunocytochemistry. Theca and granulosa aromatase activities were as much as 100-fold lower than theca 17,20-lyase activity, but aromatase was correlated with only the log of FF estradiol. Granulosa reductase activity was twice that of the theca,and cytochrome b(5) expression was clearly identified in both the theca and granulosa layers, as was P450arom, but was not highly correlated with either 17,20-lyase or aromatase activities. Reductase expression did not change with stage of follicular development, but cytochrome b(5), P450c17, and P450arom were markedly lower in post-LH tissues. These data indicate that aromatase and not 17,20-lyase must limit porcine follicular estradiol synthesis, but this limitation is not reflected acutely in FF steroid concentrations. Neither reductase nor cytochrome b(5) appear to regulate P450 activities, but the expression of cytochrome b(5) in granulosa and theca suggests possible alternative roles for this protein in follicular development or function. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Conley, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, 1131 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07055] NR 71 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.103.015578 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 703YQ UT WOS:000184311100003 PM 12672661 ER PT J AU Long, EL Sonstegard, TS Long, JA Van Tassell, CP Zuelke, KA AF Long, EL Sonstegard, TS Long, JA Van Tassell, CP Zuelke, KA TI Serial analysis of gene expression in turkey sperm storage tubules in the presence and absence of resident sperm SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE gene regulation; oviduct; sperm; sperm motility and transport ID AVIAN OVIDUCT; SPERMATOZOA; TRANSPORT; SAGE; INSEMINATION; PROGESTERONE; QUAIL; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTOMES AB Turkey sperm lose viability within 8-18 h when stored as liquid semen using current methods and extenders. In contrast, turkey hens maintain viable, fertile sperm in their sperm storage tubules (SST) for 45 or more days following a single insemination. Our long-term objectives are to identify and characterize differentially expressed genes that may underlie this prolonged sperm storage and then use this information to develop improved methods for storing liquid turkey semen. We employed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to compare gene expression patterns in turkey SST recovered from hens after artificial insemination (AI) with extended semen (sperm At) or extender alone (control AI). We constructed two separate SAGE libraries with SST RNA obtained from sperm and control AI hens. We used these libraries to generate 95 325 ten-base pair SAGE tags. These 95 325 tags represented 27 430 unique genes. The sperm and control AI libraries contained 47 663 and 47 662 tags representing 18 030 and 19 101 putative unique transcripts, respectively. Approximately 1 % of these putative unique genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) between treatments. Tentative annotations were ascribed to the SAGE tag nucleotide sequences by comparing them against publicly available SAGE tag and cDNA sequence databases. Based on its SAGE tag nucleotide sequence, we cloned a partial turkey avidin cDNA and confirmed its up-regulation in the sperm AI SST. The bioinformatics and experimental procedures employed to clone turkey avidin and confirm its differential expression represent a useful paradigm for analyzing SAGE tag data from relatively uncharacterized model systems. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zuelke, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 124A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.015172 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 703YQ UT WOS:000184311100013 PM 12672662 ER PT J AU Chen, TH Embree, HD Brown, EM Taylor, MM Payne, GF AF Chen, TH Embree, HD Brown, EM Taylor, MM Payne, GF TI Enzyme-catalyzed gel formation of gelatin and chitosan: potential for in situ applications SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chitosan; gelatin; gels; in situ gelation; transglutaminase; tyrosinase ID CROSS-LINKING; ARTIFICIAL SKIN; PHOTOCROSSLINKABLE CHITOSAN; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ADHESIVE PROTEINS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DRUG-RELEASE; POLYMER GELS; TISSUE AB We compared the ability of two enzymes to catalyze the formation of gels from solutions of gelatin and chitosan. A microbial transglutaminase currently under investigation for food applications, was observed to catalyze the formation of strong and permanent gels from gelatin solutions. Chitosan was not required for transglutaminase-catalyzed gel formation, although gel formation was faster, and the resulting gels were stronger if reactions were performed in the presence of this polysaccharide. Consistent with transglutaminase's ability to covalently crosslink proteins, we observed that the transglutaminase-catalyzed gelatin-chitosan gels lost the ability to undergo thermally reversible transitions (i.e. sol-gel transitions) characteristic of gelatin. Mushroom tyrosinase was also observed to catalyze gel formation for gelatin-chitosan blends. In contrast to transglutaminase, tyrosinase-catalyzed reactions did not lead to gel formation unless chitosan was present (i.e. chitosan is required for tyrosinase-catalyzed gel formation). Tyrosinase-catalyzed gelatin-chitosan gels were observed to be considerably weaker than transglutaminase-catalyzed gels. Tyrosinase-catalyzed gels were strengthened by cooling below gelatin's gel-point, which suggests that gelatin's ability to undergo a collaaen-like coil-to-helix transition is unaffected by tyrosinase-catalyzed reactions. Further, tyrosinase-catalyzed gelatin-chitosan gels were transient as their strength (i.e. elastic modulus) peaked at about 5 h after which the gels broke spontaneously over the course of 2 days. The strength of both transglutaminase-catalyzed and tyrosinase-catalyzed gels could be adjusted by altering the gelatin and chitosan compositions. Potential applications of these gels for in situ applications are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Payne, GF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, 6138 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 98 TC 192 Z9 197 U1 9 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 17 BP 2831 EP 2841 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00096-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 679TD UT WOS:000182937300003 PM 12742721 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Fishman, ML Kost, J Hicks, KB AF Liu, LS Fishman, ML Kost, J Hicks, KB TI Pectin-based systems for colon-specific drug delivery via oral route SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Review DE pectin; controlled release; oral administration; colon-specific drug delivery ID FILM-COATING FORMULATIONS; RELEASE RATE MODULATION; BINARY POLYMER SYSTEM; IN-VITRO EVALUATION; CALCIUM PECTINATE; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PROCESSING VARIABLES; AMIDATED PECTINS; EXTENDED RELEASE AB Pectin-derived matrices are now being examined and tested for controlled drug delivery. Pectin is intact ill the upper gastrointestinal tract and degraded by colonic microflora. The composition of this microflora remains relatively consistent across a diverse human population. Thus, pectin-derived drug carriers provide promising potential for colon-specific drug delivery. This paper reviews recent developments in pectin-derived formulations. Subjects reviewed include gelation of pectin, calcium cross-linked pectinate. composites of pectin and other polymers, technologies to fabricate pectin into useful drug delivery vehicles, and methods to evaluate release kinetics of incorporated drugs. This article discusses advantages, limitations, and possible future developments ill pectin-based formulations with particular emphasis oil the field of colon-specific drug delivery. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@arserrc.gov NR 83 TC 227 Z9 238 U1 12 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 19 BP 3333 EP 3343 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00213-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 687UQ UT WOS:000183395700017 PM 12763460 ER PT J AU Diker, K Bausch, WC AF Diker, K Bausch, WC TI Potential use of nitrogen reflectance index to estimate plant parameters and yield of maize SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; CORN; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODEL; SAVI AB Estimating the spatial variability of various plant parameters during the growing season can assist in timely correction of stress conditions within a field. This research illustrates that the nitrogen reflectance index (NRI) developed to estimate plant nitrogen status can be used to estimate plant parameters and yield potential. The study was conducted on two experimental maize sites. Selected maize hybrids were 'Pioneer 3790', which was a planophile canopy architecture and 'NC+ 1598' with an erectophile canopy architecture. The first site consisted of six non-replicated fertiliser plots. Data from these plots were used to develop the relationships between reflectance data and the plant parameters. The second site contained four plots with various nitrogen (N) and water treatments on which the developed relationships were verified. Leaf area, biomass, and plant reflectance data were collected almost weekly from both sites during the 1996 growing season. Measured and estimated yield, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter were mapped in ArcVIEW geographical information system. Results showed that the NRI was a comparable estimator of potential yield to the normalised difference vegetation index or to the modified soil adjusted vegetation index. For the LAI and biomass, all vegetation indices produced similar coefficients of determination. Results showed that the NRI could be used to estimate the within-field variation of yield potential and plant parameters. (C) 2003 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Diker, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, CSU AERC Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 4 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00097-7 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 712MD UT WOS:000184800700005 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Kim, SH Emche, SD AF Johnson, EL Kim, SH Emche, SD TI Storage effects on genomic DNA in rolled and mature coca leaves SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PLANT SPECIMENS; PRESERVATION; SAMPLES; AFLP; RNA AB Rolled and mature leaf tissue was harvested from Erythroxylum coca var. coca Lam. (coca) to determine a method for storage that would maintain DNA with high quality and content up to 50 days. Harvesting coca leaf tissue under Andean field conditions often requires storage from 3 to 10 days before extraction where tissue integrity is lost. All samples of rolled and mature coca leaf tissue were harvested and separately stored fresh in RNA later(TM) for 50 days at 4degrees, -20degrees, and 23degreesC, while similar samples were air-dried for 72 h at 23degreesC or oven-dried for 72 h at 40degreesC after storage, before extraction. Triplicate samples of each tissue type were extracted for DNA at 10-day intervals and showed that DNA integrity and content were preserved in leaf tissue stored at 4degrees and -20degreesC for 50 days. Rolled and mature leaf tissue stored at 4degrees, -20degrees, and 23degreesC showed insignificant degradation of DNA after 10 days, and by day 50, only leaf tissue stored at 4degrees and -20degreesC had not significantly degraded All air- and oven-dried leaf tissue extracts showed degradation upon drying (day 0) and continuous degradation up to day 50, despite storage conditions. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of DNA from rolled and mature leaf tissue of coca stored at 4degrees and -20degreesC for 01 10, and 50 days showed that DNA integrity and content were preserved We recommend that freshly harvested rolled or mature coca leaf tissue be stored at 4degrees, -20degrees, and 23degreesC for 10 days after harvest, and if a longer storage is required, then store at 4degrees or -20degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 329 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 310 EP + PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 711VV UT WOS:000184762500011 PM 12951772 ER PT J AU Nunez, A Foglia, TA Ashby, R AF Nunez, A Foglia, TA Ashby, R TI Enzymatic synthesis of a galactopyranose sophorolipid fatty acid-ester SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fatty acid; lipase; sophorolipid; sugar ester; synthesis AB Sophorolipid lactones produced by Candida bombicola were deacetylated and ring opened with sodium methoxide to their corresponding methyl esters. The methyl esters, after re-acetylation with vinyl acetate using an immobilized lipase, were transesterified with 1,2-3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose in tetrahydrofuran using the same lipase catalyst. The di-O-isopropylidene sophorolipid sugar esters were hydrolyzed to give the galactopyranose sophorolipid esters as the final products. C1 ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 16 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1023/A:1024914404300 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 705VR UT WOS:000184417100001 PM 14514055 ER PT J AU Folden, DV Gupta, A Sharma, AC Li, SY Saari, JT Ren, J AF Folden, DV Gupta, A Sharma, AC Li, SY Saari, JT Ren, J TI Malondialdehyde inhibits cardiac contractile function in ventricular myocytes via a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malondialdehyde; myocyte shortening; intracellular Ca2+; MAP kinase; antioxidant ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MAP KINASE; VITAMIN-C; HYPERTROPHY; PATHWAY; CARDIOMYOCYTES AB 1 Increased oxidative stress plays a significant role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. Lipid peroxidation, initiated in the presence of hydroxy radicals resulting in the production of malondialdehyde, directly produces oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the direct impact of malondialdehyde on ventricular contractile function at the single cardiac myocyte level. Ventricular myocytes from adult rat hearts were stimulated to contract at 0.5 Hz, and mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties were evaluated using an IonOptix Myocam(R) system. Contractile properties analyzed included peak shortening amplitude (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/-dLdt), and Ca2+-induced intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence release (CICR) and intracellular Ca2+ decay (tau). p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation was assessed with Western blot. 2 Our results indicated that malondialdehyde directly depressed PS, +/-dLdt and CICR in a concentration-dependent manner and shortened TPS without affecting TR90 and tau. Interestingly, the malondialdehyde-induced cardiac mechanical effect was abolished by both the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (1 and 10 muM) and the antioxidant vitamin C (100 muM). Western blot analysis confirmed direct phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase by malondialdehyde. 3 These findings revealed a novel role of malondialdehyde and p38 MAP kinase in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress-associated cardiac dysfunction. C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Coll Hlth Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-1188 J9 BRIT J PHARMACOL JI Br. J. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 139 IS 7 BP 1310 EP 1316 DI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705384 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 708EB UT WOS:000184553200009 PM 12890710 ER PT J AU Charney, JJ Bian, XD Potter, BE Heilman, WE AF Charney, JJ Bian, XD Potter, BE Heilman, WE TI Modeling wildfire weather SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY JUN 23-27, 2003 CL PORTLAND, OREGON C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Charney, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1010 EP 1011 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712ZJ UT WOS:000184829200014 ER PT J AU Wong, BL Baggett, KL Rye, AH AF Wong, BL Baggett, KL Rye, AH TI Seasonal patterns of reserve and soluble carbohydrates in mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE starch; sucrose; glucose; fructose; raffinose; stachyose ID STARCH; FOREST; GROWTH; ROOT; DECLINE; TEMPERATURE; DEFOLIATION; DIEBACK; PLANTS; TREES AB Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees exhibit seasonal patterns of production, accumulation, and utilization of nonstructural carbohydrates that are closely correlated with phenological events and (or) physiological processes. The simultaneous seasonal patterns of both reserve and soluble carbohydrates in the leaves, twigs, branches, and trunks of healthy mature sugar maple trees were characterized. The concentrations of starch and soluble sugars ( sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, raffinose, and stachyose) were determined. Starch, the major reserve carbohydrate in sugar maple, is low during the active photosynthetic growth season. Starch is accumulated in the xylem ray tissues in late summer and early fall. During the cold season, there is a close relationship between starch hydrolysis-accumulation and temperature. Soluble sugars increase when starch concentrations decrease during the cold months, and these sugars may play a role in cold tolerance. Patterns of change in the stem tissues are similar to those in the root tissues but with slight differences in the timing. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Wong, BL (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Northeastern Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 780 EP 788 DI 10.1139/B03-079 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727DJ UT WOS:000185641100003 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Jones, TA McCracken, CL Jensen, KB AF Larson, SR Jones, TA McCracken, CL Jensen, KB TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism in Elymus elymoides, Elymus multisetus, and other Elymus taxa SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Elymus; nucleotide diversity; squirreltail ID NEEDLEGRASS NASSELLA-PULCHRA; NORTH-AMERICAN ELYMUS; PERENNIAL TRITICEAE; SYNTHETIC HYBRIDS; GENETIC-VARIATION; SITANION HYSTRIX; AFLP; GENERA; REGRESSION; CANADENSIS AB The geographic and phylogenetic significance of amplified fragment length polymorphism within and among 22 Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey subsp. elymoides, 24 E. elymoides subsp. brevifolius (J.G. Sm.) Barkworth, and 13 Elymus multisetus (J.G. Sm.) Burtt-Davy squirreltail accessions was assessed relative to six other North American and three Eurasian Elymus taxa. Elymus elymoides and E. multisetus, comprising Elymus sect. Sitanion (Raf.) A. Love, were both monophyletic and closely related compared with other congeners. The monophyly of subsp. elymoides was also supported; subsp. brevifolius, however, was paraphyletic and separated into four genetically distinct groups. Estimates of nucleotide divergence among the five E. elymoides groups range from 0.0194 to 0.0288, with approximately 0.0329 differences per site between E. elymoides and E. multisetus. Corresponding estimates of nucleotide divergence range from 0.0243 to 0.0387 among North American taxa and from 0.0337 to 0.0455 between North American and Eurasian taxa. DNA polymorphism among E. elymoides accessions was correlated with geographic provenance and previously reported quantitative traits. Distinct genetic groups of E. elymoides generally correspond to different geographic regions, whereas divergent E. multisetus and E. elymoides accessions are sympatric. Thus, taxonomic ranks of E. multisetus and E. elymoides were supported and geographic groups within E. elymoides were distinguished. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Labs Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. OI McCracken, Carrie/0000-0002-8038-9727 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 789 EP 804 DI 10.1139/B03-077 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727DJ UT WOS:000185641100004 ER PT J AU Chung, SM Decker-Walters, DS Staub, JE AF Chung, SM Decker-Walters, DS Staub, JE TI Genetic relationships within the Cucurbitaceae as assessed by consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeats (ccSSR) marker and sequence analyses SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Benincaseae; chloroplast; consensus; homoplasy; microsatellite; simple sequence repeats ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PINUS-RESINOSA; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; GENOMES; CUCUMIS; ORIGIN AB To investigate genetic relationships in Benincaseae (19 accessions), Cucurbiteae (1), Joliffieae (2), Melothrieae (2), and Sicyeae (3) tribes of the family Cucurbitaceae, consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeats (ccSSR) primer pairs obtained from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) chloroplast DNA were used. Variation in the length and putative sequence substitution events of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were analyzed. Sequencing of four fragments (ccSSR-1, -7, -8, and -19) revealed that convergence in fragment length occurs in more distant species comparisons. In ccSSR-1 and -8, the same fragment lengths occurred as the result of different insertion and deletion events. Nevertheless, the examination of a large number of ccSSR fragments suggested that this apparent homoplasy could be overshadowed by evolutionary relationships among taxa. This hypothesis is supported by the relative degree of positive congruence of taxon groupings after cluster and principal components analyses performed on both base pair length and sequence substitution data. Moreover, these analyses support previous biochemical and morphological data indicating that distinct lineages exist within the Benincaseae. Likewise, data support the hypotheses that the genus Benincasa is descended from an ancient African ancestor and that the progenitor of the New World Sicyeae tribe shares a common ancestor with the genus Luffa of the Old World Benincaseae. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cucurbit Network, Miami, FL 33256 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 814 EP 832 DI 10.1139/B03-074 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727DJ UT WOS:000185641100006 ER PT J AU Latterell, JJ Naiman, RJ Fransen, BR Bisson, PA AF Latterell, JJ Naiman, RJ Fransen, BR Bisson, PA TI Physical constraints on trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) distribution in the Cascade Mountains: a comparison of logged and unlogged streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; RIVER DRAINAGE; BROOK TROUT; HABITAT USE; OREGON; GEOMORPHOLOGY; STEELHEAD; POPULATIONS AB The upstream extent of coastal cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) and rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout distribution in logged and unlogged streams of the western Cascade Mountains appears to be primarily constrained by steep channel gradient and sparse pool habitat. Narrow or intermittent wetted channels are also important constraints in logged drainages. The upstream extent of trout distribution appears to be resilient to the combined impacts of historic and current forest management activities, in the absence of impassable road culverts. The probability of trout presence decreased with channel gradient and increased with pool abundance in both logged and unlogged streams, as indicated by logistic regression analysis of physical stream attributes flanking the trout distribution limit in 37 logged and 21 unlogged streams. Reductions in wetted channel width reduced the likelihood of trout presence in logged streams. Logistic regression models fit to data from logged drainages generated accurate predictions of trout presence or absence when applied to data from unlogged drainages. The pervasive extent of native trout in the channel networks of the Cascade Mountains emphasizes the ecological importance of small streams in watershed planning. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Latterell, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1017 DI 10.1139/F03-088 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 739UW UT WOS:000186365700011 ER PT J AU Reeves, GH Burnett, KM McGarry, EV AF Reeves, GH Burnett, KM McGarry, EV TI Sources of large wood in the main stem of a fourth-order watershed in coastal Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Small Stream Channels and Their Riparian Zones CY FEB 19-21, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP British Columbia Minist Forests, British Columbia Minist Sustainable Resource Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Forest Renewal British Columbia, Univ British Columbia, United States Forest Service ID WESTERN WASHINGTON; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SALMONID HABITAT; SMALL STREAMS; DEBRIS FLOWS; OLD-GROWTH; BASINS; USA; RECRUITMENT AB We compared the contribution of large wood from different sources and wood distributions among channel zones of influence in a relatively pristine fourth-order watershed in the central Coast Range of Oregon. Wood in the main stem of Cummins Creek was identified as coming from either (i) streamside sources immediately adjacent to the channel or (ii) upslope sources delivered by landslides or debris flows more than 90 in from the channel. About 65% of the number of pieces and 46% of the estimated volume of wood were from upslope sources. Streamside sources contributed about 35% of the number of pieces and 54% of the estimated volume of wood. The estimated mean volume of upslope-derived pieces was about one-third that of streamside-derived pieces. Upslope-derived pieces were located primarily in the middle stream reaches and in the zones of influence that had the most contact with the low-flow channel. Streamside-derived pieces were more evenly distributed among the examined reaches and were predominately in the influence zones that had the least contact with the low-flow channel. Our findings suggest that previous studies that examined only streamside sources of wood have limited applications when designing and evaluating riparian management approaches in landslide-prone areas. The failure to recognize the potential sources of wood from upslope areas is a possible reason for the decline of large wood in streams in the Pacific Northwest. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reeves, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 51 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1363 EP 1370 DI 10.1139/X03-095 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600003 ER PT J AU Sheridan, CD Olson, DH AF Sheridan, CD Olson, DH TI Amphibian assemblages in zero-order basins in the Oregon Coast Range SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Small Stream Channels and Their Riparian Zones CY FEB 19-21, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP British Columbia Minist Forests, British Columbia Minist Sustainable Resource Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Forest Renewal British Columbia, Univ British Columbia, US Forest Service ID STREAM AMPHIBIANS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; WESTERN OREGON; DOUGLAS-FIR; VEGETATION PATTERNS; HEADWATER STREAMS; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; ASSOCIATIONS; WASHINGTON AB Zero-order basins, extending from ridgelines to the initiation of first-order streams, were sampled in the Coast Range of Oregon to (i) characterize spatial distribution patterns of amphibian species and assemblages along longitudinal and lateral gradients, and relative to three geomorphic surfaces (valleys, headmost areas, and slopes); and (ii) develop empirical species-habitat models. Unmanaged zero-order basins were hotspots for amphibian diversity, with significant differences across geomorphic gradients. Captures of riparian-associated amphibians were higher in valley areas, usually within 2 in of basin center. Upland-associated amphibians were captured two times farther from basin centers than riparian-associated species, but highest densities occurred only 2-5 in from basin center. The most useful empirical models related captures of individual amphibian species to geomorphic, disturbance, moisture, and overstory variables. Ordination and indicator species analysis characterized geomorphic and other environmental gradients in amphibian assemblages and suggested spatial compression of fluvial habitats and riparian-associated species in zero-order basins, in comparison with downstream areas. Our findings have implications for headwater areas managed to hedge risk to and uncertainty in amphibian persistence, namely in the delineation of zones with species management priority, and in the maintenance of natural fluvial and hillslope disturbance regimes, along with the microhabitat features created by these regimes. C1 US Bur Land Management, USDI, Coos Bat Dist, N Bend, OR 97420 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sheridan, CD (reprint author), US Bur Land Management, USDI, Coos Bat Dist, 1300 Airport Lane, N Bend, OR 97420 USA. EM chris_sheridan@or.blm.gov NR 66 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1452 EP 1477 DI 10.1139/X03-038 PG 26 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600011 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Shifley, SR Spetich, MA Thompson, FR Larsen, DR AF Fan, ZF Shifley, SR Spetich, MA Thompson, FR Larsen, DR TI Distribution of cavity trees in midwestern old-growth and second-growth forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; HOLE-NESTING BIRDS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WESTERN OREGON; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; SNAGS AB We used classification and regression tree analysis to determine the primary variables associated with the occurrence of cavity trees and the hierarchical structure among those variables. We applied that information to develop logistic models predicting cavity tree probability as a function of diameter, species group, and decay class. Inventories of cavity abundance in old-growth hardwood forests in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana found that 8-11 % of snags had at least one visible cavity (as visually detected from the ground; smallest opening greater than or equal to2 cm diameter), about twice the percentage for live trees. Five percent of live trees and snags had cavities on mature (greater than or equal to110 years) second-growth plots on timberland in Missouri. Because snags accounted for typically no more than 10% of standing trees on any of these sites, 80-85% of cavity trees are living trees. Within the subset of mature and old-growth forests, the presence of cavities was strongly related to tree diameter. Classification and regression tree models indicated that 30 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was a threshold size useful in distinguishing cavity trees from noncavity trees in the old-growth sample. There were two diameter thresholds in the mature second-growth sample: 18 and 44 cm DBH. Cavity tree probability differed by species group and increased with increasing decay class. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hort Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Fan, ZF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM fanzha@missouri.edu NR 58 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1481 EP 1494 DI 10.1139/X03-068 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600012 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Gove, JH AF Williams, MS Gove, JH TI Perpendicular distance sampling: an alternative method for sampling downed coarse woody debris SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID POINT RELASCOPE; VOLUME ESTIMATION; TREES; AREA AB Coarse woody debris (CWD) plays an important role in many forest ecosystem processes. In recent years, a number of new methods have been proposed to sample CWD. These methods select individual logs into the sample using some form of unequal probability sampling. One concern with most of these methods is the difficulty in estimating the volume of each log. A new method of sampling CWD that addresses this issue is proposed. This method samples each log with probability proportional to the volume of each piece of CWD. While this method generally has a smaller variance than the existing methods, the primary advantage is that a design-unbiased estimator of CWD volume is achieved without ever actually measuring the volume of any logs. This method, referred to as perpendicular distance sampling (PDS), is compared with three existing sampling techniques for CWD using a simulation study on a series of artificial populations. In every case, the variance of the PDS estimator of CWD volume was smaller than the variance of the competing methods, but the difference in the variance was not large between PDS and two of the competing methods. When estimating the number of pieces of CWD, the variance of the PDS estimator was one of the largest amongst the tested methods. An equally important result is that the variant of line intersect sampling used in this study, where the orientation of the line is the same at all sample points, performed poorly in every situation. This and other problems suggest that the suitability of this sampling technique for estimating CWD is questionable. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 A Ctr Ave,Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1564 EP 1579 DI 10.1139/X03-056 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600019 ER PT J AU Gove, JH AF Gove, JH TI A note on the relationship between the quadratic mean stand diameter and harmonic mean basal area under size-biased distribution theory SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS AB This note seeks to extend the utility of size-biased distribution theory as applied to forestry through two relationships regarding the quadratic mean stand diameter. First, the quadratic mean stand diameter's relationship to the harmonic mean basal area for horizontal point sampling, which has been known algebraically from early on, is proved under size-biased distribution theory. Second, a new result, which may prove most valuable in viewing the graphical representation of assumed distributions, is also derived. The results are also shown to apply to the basal area - size distribution, providing a unique duality between the two means. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd,POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1587 EP 1590 DI 10.1139/X03-043 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600021 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Monserud, RA AF Marshall, JD Monserud, RA TI Erratum: Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species (vol 33, pg 164, 2003) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt & Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1591 EP 1591 DI 10.1139/X03-145 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600022 ER PT J AU Roeckel-Drevet, P Tourvieille, J Gulya, TJ Charmet, G Nicolas, P de Labrouhe, DT AF Roeckel-Drevet, P Tourvieille, J Gulya, TJ Charmet, G Nicolas, P de Labrouhe, DT TI Molecular variability of sunflower downy mildew, Plasmopara halstedii, from different continents SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAPD; Helianthus annuus; genetic diversity; plant pathogen ID GENETIC-VARIATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; DNA; RESISTANCE; RACES; RAPD; POPULATION; MARKERS; AMERICA AB Downy mildew of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), caused by the pathogen Plasmopara halstedii, is a potentially devastating disease. Seventy-seven isolates of P. halstedii collected in twelve countries from four continents were investigated for RAPD polymorphism with 21 primers. The study led to a binary matrix, which was subjected to various complementary analyses. This is the first report on the international genetic diversity of the pathogen. Similarity indices ranged from 89% to 100%. Neither a consensus unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) tree constructed after bootstrap resampling of markers nor a principal component analysis based on distance matrix revealed very consistent clusterings of the isolates, and groups did not fit race or geographical origins. Phylogenies were probably obscured by limited diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Nei's genetic diversity statistics gave similar conclusions. Most of the genetic diversity was attributable to individual differences. The most differentiated races also had the lowest within-diversity indices, which suggest that they appeared recently with strong bottleneck effects. Our analyses suggest that this pathogen is probably homothallic or has an asexual mode of reproduction and that gene flow among countries can occur through commercial exchanges. Knowledge of the downy mildew populations' structure at the international level will help to devise strategies for controlling this potentially devastating disease. C1 Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, PIAF, UMR 547, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, ASP, UMR, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, ASP, UMR, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Roeckel-Drevet, P (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, PIAF, UMR 547, 24 Ave Landais, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 8 BP 492 EP 502 DI 10.1139/W03-062 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 739VX UT WOS:000186368400002 PM 14608384 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Dunham, J AF Peterson, JT Dunham, J TI Combining inferences from models of capture efficiency, detectability, and suitable habitat to classify landscapes for conservation of threatened bull trout SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Effective conservation efforts for at-risk species require knowledge of the locations of existing populations. Species presence can be estimated directly by conducting field-sampling surveys or alternatively by developing predictive models. Direct surveys can be expensive and inefficient, particularly for rare and difficult-to-sample species, and models of species presence may produce biased predictions. We present a Bayesian approach that combines sampling and model-based inferences for estimating species presence. The accuracy and cost-effectiveness of this approach were compared to those of sampling surveys and predictive models for estimating the presence of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) via simulation with existing models and empirical sampling data. Simulations indicated that a sampling-only approach would be the most effective and would result in the lowest presence and absence misclassification error rates for three thresholds of detection probability. When sampling effort was considered, however, the combined approach resulted in the lowest error rates per unit of sampling effort. Hence, lower probability-of-detection thresholds can be specified with the combined approach, resulting in lower misclassification error rates and improved cost-effectiveness. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1077 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01579.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706KM UT WOS:000184452900019 ER PT J AU Machado, D Krishnan, HB AF Machado, D Krishnan, HB TI nodD alleles of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 differentially influence soybean nodulation, nodC expression, and production of exopolysaccharides SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENES; MUTANTS; NODABC; DNA; JAPONICUM; BACTERIA; SEQUENCE AB All Rhizobium strains examined to date have one or multiple alleles of nodD. At least one copy of nodD and the presence of flavonoid exudates are required for nod gene induction and nodulation. Sinorhizobitum fredii USDA191 has two copies of nodD. In this study, we demonstrate that inactivation of either copy of nodD caused a reduction in basal levels of expression of nodC. Extra copies of nodD1 had no effect on the expression of nodC when compared with the wild type, but extra copies of nodD2 abolished the inducer requirement, thereby rendering nodC constitutive. A nodD1 mutant was unable to nodulate soybean cultivars 'Peking' and 'McCall'. Inactivation of nodD2 or addition of extra copies of nodD1 or nodD2 caused delayed nodulation on Peking, and reduced the number of nodules on McCall. Both nodD alleles of S. fredii USDA191 appear to be involved in regulation of exopolysaccharide production; however, nodD2 appears to be more important in this respect than nodD1. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3972-6 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 702CF UT WOS:000184207200011 PM 14506861 ER PT J AU Baker, B Parker, J AF Baker, B Parker, J TI Signals from the environment: the good, the bad and the ugly! Editorial overview SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Microbe Interact, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. RP Baker, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00066-9 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 707NB UT WOS:000184515800001 ER PT J AU Martin, RE Asner, GP Ansley, RJ Mosier, AR AF Martin, RE Asner, GP Ansley, RJ Mosier, AR TI Effects of woody vegetation encroachment on soil nitrogen oxide emissions in a temperate savanna SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arid and semiarid ecosystems; land-cover and land-use change; mesquite; nitric oxide; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; Prosopis glandulosa; savanna; Texas (USA); woody encroachment ID MESQUITE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE LANDSCAPE; DRY TROPICAL FOREST; NITRIC-OXIDE; SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; N2O EMISSIONS; NO EMISSIONS; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Woody vegetation has encroached into areas once dominated by herbaceous land cover in and and semiarid regions of the southwestern United States and around the world, resulting in documented changes to the biophysical and biogeochemical structure of these ecosystems during the past century. In North Texas rangelands, encroaching mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa), a known nitrogen (N)-fixing species, has caused changes in aboveground biomass, which, in turn, have influenced carbon (C) and N storage in surface soils. However, the effect on N oxide (nitric-NO and nitrous-N(2)O oxide) emissions from the soils was unknown. We examined biotic (vegetation type and soil organic and inorganic N dynamics) and abiotic (soil moisture, temperature, and soil texture) controls over soil NO and N(2)O emissions across a gradient of aboveground Prosopis biomass growing on two soil types. Soil N oxide fluxes were dominated by NO emissions produced during nitrification. Aboveground biomass was the best spatial, predictor of NO emissions, with values increasing 20-fold (0.04-0.78 mg NO-N.m(-2).d(-1)) across a 70-fold biomass gradient (5-350 g/m(2)). Emissions also covaried with soil pH and clay content. Microsite position, under or between the mesquite canopies, did not influence NO emission rates. NO fluxes were four times higher from clay loam than from shallow clay soils; however, soil N properties (total organic N and extractable inorganic N) and cycling rates (mineralization and nitrification). did not differ significantly across the sites. Temporally, NO emissions and nitrification potential were positively correlated with temperature, with precipitation events elevating NO emissions fourfold over a 24-h period and producing small amounts of N(2)O, We conclude that mesquite encroachment in these grasslands increases NO emissions in a spatially explicit manner influenced by the Aboveground biomass and soil type, which is then temporally mediated primarily by temperature and secondarily by precipitation. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Texas A&M Res Extens Ctr, Vernon, TX 76348 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Martin, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robin@globalecology.stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 77 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 897 EP 910 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)13[897:EOWVEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ER UT WOS:000185073300002 ER PT J AU Zabel, CJ Dunk, JR Stauffer, HB Roberts, LM Mulder, BS Wright, A AF Zabel, CJ Dunk, JR Stauffer, HB Roberts, LM Mulder, BS Wright, A TI Northern spotted owl habitat models for research and management application in Calfornia (USA) SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Akaike's information criterion, AIC; Bayesian posterior probability; correct-classification analysis; habitat associations; Klamath Province (California, USA); national forests; northern California (USA); Northern Spotted Owl; owl habitat; predictive models; Strix occidentalis caurina ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HOME-RANGE; OREGON; PREY; POPULATIONS; DEMOGRAPHY; FORESTS; PATTERN AB In order to test the veracity of currently accepted ideas about Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat associations in the Klamath Province of northern California (USA) we compared different habitat descriptions using predictive habitat-association models. The current description used by federal agencies and new descriptions based on research results and field, biologists' best estimates of owl nesting/roosting habitat and foraging habitat were evaluated. For each habitat description, three habitat metrics and three forms of the relationship between owl occupancy and quantities of these habitat metrics were evaluated, each at three spatial scales. Our refined descriptions of owl nesting and roosting, and foraging habitat, were better at predicting owl occupancy than the habitat description currently used by federal land managers. The best-fitting model for predicting owl occupancy was at the 200-ha scale and exhibited a pseudo-threshold relationship to nesting and roosting habitat and a quadratic relationship to foraging habitat. This model correctly classified owl-occupied sites 94% of the time for the developmental data set and between 85% and 92% of the time on four independent test data sets. The current description of owl habitat in northern California ranked among the worst in the collection of models we examined. The testing of multiple models on the four independent data sets was very important for deter: mining the goodness-of-fit and predictive capabilities of the best models. We explored the use of the best-fitting model to predict number of owls on several independent study areas and found a strong correlation between predicted and observed number of owls. The results of this study are beginning to be used to make land-management decisions regarding harvesting and prescribed-burning activities on federal forestlands and were specifically designed to be amenable to adaptive resource management. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDI, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDI, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Zabel, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1040 DI 10.1890/02-5084 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ER UT WOS:000185073300011 ER PT J AU Knapp, RA Matthews, KR Preisler, HK Jellison, R AF Knapp, RA Matthews, KR Preisler, HK Jellison, R TI Developing probabilistic models to predict amphibian site occupancy in a patchy landscape SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alpine lakes; amphibians; exotic species; fish; habitat fragmentation; habitat models; metapopulation; patch occupancy; Rana muscosa; Sierra Nevada; spatial autocorrelation ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CANYON-NATIONAL-PARKS; SIERRA-NEVADA LAKES; RANA-MUSCOSA; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION DECLINES; NONNATIVE FISH; NATIVE FROG AB Human-caused fragmentation of habitats is threatening an increasing number of animal and plant species, making an understanding of the factors influencing patch occupancy ever more important. The overall goal of the current study was to develop probabilistic models of patch occupancy for the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa). This once-common species has declined dramatically,. at least in part as a result of habitat fragmentation resulting from the introduction of predatory fish. We first describe a model of frog patch occupancy developed using semiparametric logistic regression that is based on habitat characteristics, fish presence/absence, and a spatial location term (the latter to account for spatial autocorrelation in the data). This model had several limitations including being constrained in its use to only the study area. We therefore developed a more general model that incorporated spatial autocorrelation through the use of an autocovariate term that describes the degree of isolation from neighboring frog populations (autologistic model). After accounting for spatial autocorrelation in patch occupancy, both models indicated that the probability of frog presence was strongly, influenced by lake depth, elevation, fish presence/absence, substrate characteristics, and the degree of lake isolation. Based on cross-validation procedures, both models provided good fits to the data, but the autologistic model was more useful in predicting patch occupancy by frogs. We conclude by describing a possible application of this model in assessing the likelihood of persistence by frog populations. C1 Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Knapp, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, HCR 79,Box 198, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009; Jellison, Robert/E-4923-2012; Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745; NR 68 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)13[1069:DPMTPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ER UT WOS:000185073300014 ER PT J AU Palik, BJ Buech, R Egeland, L AF Palik, BJ Buech, R Egeland, L TI Using an ecological land hierarchy to predict seasonal-wetland abundance in upland forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation management; GIS; Great Lakes forest; hierarchical land classification; landscape hierarchies; Minnesota, USA; nested ecosystems; predicting wetland abundance; regression tree analysis; seasonal-wetland development; seasonal wetlands; wetland management ID CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; MOUNTAINS; USA AB Hierarchy theory, when applied to landscapes, predicts that broader-scale ecosystems constrain the development of finer-scale, nested ecosystems,. This, prediction finds application in hierarchical land classifications. Such classifications typically apply to physiognomically similar ecosystems, or ecological land units, e.g., a set of multi-scale forest ecosystems. We speculated that hierarchical constraint also controls the development of small, nested ecosystems that are structurally distinct from the constraining matrix. We tested this hypothesis using seasonal wetlands in upland forest. Specifically, we related seasonal-wetland abundance in upland forest stands to multi-scale terrestrial ecological units, as defined by hierarchical combinations of regional physiography, glacial landform, soils, and forest cover. Moreover, we determined the spatial scale of terrestrial ecological unit that is the best predictor of seasonal-wetland abundance. Our study area is mapped into a set of nested terrestrial ecological units, including two subsections (differing in physiography), four land-type associations (glacial landforms), and 11 land types (forest vegetation, soil). We used a geographic information system to determine seasonal wetland densities in 16-ha plots located within the nested terrestrial ecological units. Cumulative plot frequency distributions of wetland density did not differ between subsections; 50% of plots contained no wetlands, 38% contained 1-3 wetlands, and 12% contained greater than or equal to4 wetlands. Frequency distributions differed among land-type associations (LTA). Ninety percent of plots on a glacial lake plain contained no wetlands, compared to 63%, 42%, and 38% for outwash, end moraine, and ground moraine LTAs, respectively. Ten percent of plots on the lake plain contained 1-3 wetlands, compared to 32%, 48%, and 43% for the outwash, end moraine, and ground moraine, respectively. The remaining plots on the latter three LTAs contained >3 wetlands. Frequency distributions rarely differed among land types. Compared to occurrence, identity and scale of the ecological unit were poorer predictors of actual wetland densities. Regression tree analysis, while significant, explained only 11.6% of variation in wetland density among plots. Still, the leaves of the regression tree differed in densities primarily based on LTA. Our results demonstrate that identity of constraining upland forest ecosystem explains significant amounts of variation in seasonal wetland abundance. We identify glacial landform as the scale of ecological unit having the greatest control over seasonal wetland abundance. We focus on seasonal wetlands in forests, yet our approach should apply to other small, nested ecosystems. This approach may facilitate conservation management of small, nested ecosystems by providing likelihood estimates of occurrence within mapped terrestrial ecological units. C1 Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Palik, BJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1831 Highway 168 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1163 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)13[1153:UAELHT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ER UT WOS:000185073300021 ER PT J AU Pitt, WC Box, PW Knowlton, FF AF Pitt, WC Box, PW Knowlton, FF TI An individual-based model of canid populations: modelling territoriality and social structure SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE behaviour; canid; coyote; individual-based model; object oriented; social structure; swarm; territoriality ID SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; COYOTE POPULATION; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; EXTINCTION RISK; SOUTHERN TEXAS; ERROR ANALYSIS; HOME RANGES; RED GROUSE; SPACE USE AB The management of canid populations has been at the forefront of wildlife management worldwide for much of the last century. Effective management depends on the ability to integrate species biology, the environmental aspects upon which those populations depend, and the factors controlling species abundance. Further, managing canid populations requires consideration of territoriality and dominance, which may have a significant effect on population dynamics. To better understand the effect of social structure on canid populations, we developed an individual-based computer model using Swarm to mimic natural coyote population dynamics. We selected the Swarm simulation environment because it is ideally suited for creating a system of multiple interacting agents with variable schedules and hierarchies. Swarm was a software platform that allows the user to describe generic individuals and behaviours, link those behaviours in each concurrent time step, and assemble behaviours and objects in a hierarchical framework. This model stands apart from previous modelling efforts because it explicitly incorporates behavioral features, such as dominance and territoriality, as major determinates of species demography into a simple model. Individual variation, such as status within territorial social groups and age-based reproduction are incorporated, but assumptions typically associated with most demographic models are not needed. The simple population model with few parameters not only closely resembled 'real world' populations but also helped us understand population dynamics that emerged from model. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the model was largely insensitive to individual parameter estimates and could be used to guide management of territorial animal populations with social structure. The model output variables closely matched the mean and range of values reported in the literature of wild populations for population size, proportion of females breeding, offspring survival and litter size. The variation of model output was similar to the variation recorded in field studies. Further, population dynamics reported from field studies emerged from the model and may help to explain the mechanisms responsible for this variation. This type of model could also provide insights into potential management alternatives for other canid species or other species with similar social structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Hawaii Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Predator Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pitt, WC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Hawaii Field Stn, POB 10880, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. EM will.pitt@usda.gov NR 88 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00130-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718TF UT WOS:000185162000009 ER PT J AU Takasu, K Lewis, WJ AF Takasu, K Lewis, WJ TI Learning of host searching cues by the larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Microplitis croceipes; associative learning; sensitization; reinforcement; memory; host searching; negative experience; Hymenoptera; Braconidae ID HELIOTHIS LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE; CRESSON; WASP; EXPERIENCE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; ICHNEUMONIDAE; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB We conducted laboratory experiments using a wind tunnel to determine the effects of prior experience on the learning and retention of learned responses in the larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) ( Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Although most females that had either antennated host frass or oviposited in a host in the presence of vanilla odor, made oriented flight to the odor from downwind in the wind tunnel at 30 min after experience, only those that had oviposited in a host with the odor responded to the odor at 24 h after experience. Females that had oviposited in the non-natural host beet armyworm (BAW) larva with or without the odor did not respond to the odor at 30 min after experience. These results indicate that an oviposition in the host in the presence of odors strongly affects associative learning and the persistence of learned response to the odors. When females were allowed to antennate host frass in the presence of vanilla and to subsequently oviposit in a host within an interval of 5 min or less, their learned response to vanilla also persisted for 24 h. Similarly, when females were conditioned to link vanilla with host frass and then allowed to make an ovipositor contact with host hemolymph, their learned response persisted for 24 h. However, antennal contact with hemolymph after such conditioning of vanilla with host frass did not improve the persistence of learned response to the odor. These results indicate that ovipositor contact with host hemolymph during oviposition is partially responsible for an increased retention of learned response. Females responded to vanilla 48% of the time at 30 min after antennating host frass without the odor, but their response to the odor significantly decreased after oviposition in a BAW larva subsequent to the antennation of host frass. This result indicates that oviposition in a BAW larva decreases subsequent response to general odors. Based on the results, we discuss the foraging behavior of M. croceipes dependent on learning and subsequent experiences. C1 Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Takasu, K (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 108 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00070.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 752KJ UT WOS:000187159400001 ER PT J AU White, JL Harvey, BC AF White, JL Harvey, BC TI Basin-scale patterns in the drift of embryonic and larval fishes and lamprey ammocoetes in two coastal rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE early life history; freshwater; Cottus; Lampetra; Catostomus; introduced species ID COTTUS-ASPER; PRICKLY SCULPIN; BIOTIC FACTORS; LIFE-HISTORY; EEL RIVER; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; DOWNSTREAM; TRANSPORT; ALEUTICUS AB We studied the distribution and abundance of drifting embryonic and larval fishes and lampreys in the Smith and Van Duzen rivers of northern California, U.S.A. We collected seven fish species in four families and at least one lamprey species in the drift. All taxa drifted almost exclusively at night. Sculpins, Cottus aleuticus and C. asper, outnumbered all other taxa, comprising 63% of the catch in the Van Duzen River and 90% of the catch in the Smith River. We estimated that sculpin drift reached 3x10(7) individuals h(-1) during the relatively high flow period from late winter through early summer. Most sculpin in these two rivers appeared to drift to the estuaries; we estimated 2.5x10(9) sculpin embryos and larvae reached the Smith River estuary in 1995. In contrast to the sculpins, the patterns in the drift of other taxa suggest limited transport to the estuaries. Suckers, Catostomus occidentalis in the Van Duzen River, C. rimiculus in the Smith River, threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and lamprey, Lampetra tridentata and possibly L. richardsoni, drifted at much lower rates and later in the year than sculpins. In the Van Duzen River, drift appeared to serve as a dispersal mechanism for only one of three introduced cyprinids. California roach, Lavinia symmetricus, drifted at low rates throughout the summer while we captured only seven Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis, and no speckled dace, Rhynichthys osculus. The information gathered on the drift of early life history phases is germane to both the conservation of native fishes and management of non-indigenous species in coastal rivers. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP White, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 30 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1023/A:1025891216345 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724NV UT WOS:000185494400007 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Kemp, WP AF Bosch, J Kemp, WP TI Effect of wintering duration and temperature on survival and emergence time in males of the orchard pollinator Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osmia lignaria; wintering; temperature; mortality; emergence; orchard pollination ID PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ALMOND ORCHARDS; BEES AB We measured winter survival, emergence time following incubation at 20 degreesC, and postemergence longevity in males of the orchard pollinator Osmia lignaria Say exposed to 25 artificial wintering treatments differing in duration (30, 90, 150, 210, and 270 d) and temperature (0, 4, 7, 10, and 13 degreesC). For all temperatures, survival was highest at 90 d of wintering. Temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degreesC were unsuitable for wintering O. lignaria populations even for short periods. At VC, bees showed increased mortality, signs of excessive fat body depletion, and decreased longevity when wintered for >150 d. Wintering durations greater than or equal to 210 d required temperatures : 4 degreesC for acceptable survival. Time to emerge following incubation at 20 degreesC decreased with increasing wintering duration and wintering temperature. Many bees emerged before incubation when wintered for long periods at the warmest temperatures. Postemergence longevity was highest when bees were wintered at 0 degreesC for 210 d. Managing the activity of O. lignaria to coincide with fruit tree bloom initiation is much more easily accomplished with the use of populations exhibiting short emergence times. Several wintering treatments that resulted in acceptable survival and longevity (150 d at 0, 4 and 7 degreesC, and 210 -270 d at 0 and 4 degreesC), produced mean emergence times greater than or equal to5 d. Our results can be used to establish appropriate wintering regimes for O. lignaria populations managed to pollinate orchard crops differing in bloom time (from almonds in February to apples in May), and therefore, allowing for shorter or longer wintering durations. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 29 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 720RW UT WOS:000185274600002 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, WL TI Effects of cherries, honeydew, and bird feces on longevity and fecundity of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; cherry; aphid honeydew; bird feces; fecundity ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; NATURAL SOURCE; OVIPOSITION; FLIES; FOOD AB In laboratory experiments, western cherry fruit flies, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were exposed to sweet cherries, aphid honeydew, and bird feces to determine fly longevity and fecundity. Longevity was not sustained in females and males exposed to intact unripe cherries or no food, whereas it was in females exposed to intact, fully-ripe cherries, and in females and males exposed to opened unripe or ripe cherries. Females exposed to intact fully-ripe cherries alone usually survived as long as females exposed to sucrose-yeast diets, but fecundity of flies exposed to cherries (79.5-110.8 eggs/female) was lower than that of flies exposed continuously to sucrose-yeast diets (277.5-326.2 eggs/female). Longevity of flies exposed to aphid honeydew was sustained and was similar to that of flies exposed to intact ripe cherries, sucrose-yeast, and sucrose diets. However, exposure to aphid honeydew or bird feces in the absence of ripe cherries did not result in high fecundity (4.6-32.2 eggs/female). Despite the inability of flies to extract nutrients from unripe cherries and the moderate fecundity of flies that were exposed to intact ripe cherries alone, R. indiffqrens was clearly capable of using its principal host fruit for both sustained longevity and egg production. Results suggest cherries damaged by birds throughout the season and intact fully-ripe cherries later in the season can contribute about the same nutrition as honeydew to female longevity, but that cherries contribute significantly more than either honeydew or bird feces to fecundity in nature. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 726 EP 735 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 720RW UT WOS:000185274600004 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Schmitt, JJ Abraham, BJ AF Brown, MW Schmitt, JJ Abraham, BJ TI Seasonal and diurnal dynamics of spiders (Araneae) in West Virginia orchards and the effect of orchard management on spider communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Araneae; Salticidae; Oxyopes salticus; insecticide effects ID UNSPRAYED APPLE ORCHARDS; STRIPED LYNX SPIDER; PEST-MANAGEMENT; PREY CONTROL; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMS; HUNGARY; AGROECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Four West Virginia apple orchards under different management (unmanaged; horticultural management only; horticultural management with apple, peach, and cherry trees interplanted; and standard commercial management) were sampled for spider abundance. Sampling was done with limb jarring at four times during the season; samples were taken hourly over a 24-h period. A total of 1,926 spiders from 15 families was collected, and 44% of all spiders were Salticidae. More spiders were collected in August (37%) than earlier months, but the highest diversity of spider families was in July. Older, unsprayed apple trees had the greatest diversity of spiders. The family Oxyopidae was most abundant in the commercially managed orchard. Spiders in the families Anyphaenidae, Philodromidae, and Thomisidae were significantly more abundant during night samples than during the day. Philodromids were also significantly more abundant on peach and cherry trees than on apple, possibly being attracted to extrafloral nectaries. Comparisons with other published data sets found that regional differences were more important determinants of spider community structure in apple than insecticide use. Northwest European, sprayed Quebec, and sprayed Washington apple orchards were found to be dominated by web-building spiders; the other North American and Israeli orchards were dominated by hunting spiders. Abundance and diversity of the spider community in orchards suggests that spiders could be major contributors to biological control of many insect pests. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 830 EP 839 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 720RW UT WOS:000185274600016 ER PT J AU Eriksson, L Jaworska, J Worth, AP Cronin, MTD McDowell, RM Gramatica, P AF Eriksson, L Jaworska, J Worth, AP Cronin, MTD McDowell, RM Gramatica, P TI Methods for reliability and uncertainty assessment and for applicability evaluations of classification- and regression-based QSARs SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE QSAR acceptability criteria; QSAR applicability domain; QSAR reliability; QSAR uncertainty estimation; QSAR validation ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORKS; MULTIVARIATE DATA-ANALYSIS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BINDING; VARIABLE SELECTION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS; NITROBENZENE DERIVATIVES; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR; CHEMICAL-SUBSTANCES AB This article provides an overview of methods for reliability assessment of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models in the context of regulatory acceptance of human health and environmental QSARs. Useful diagnostic tools and data analytical approaches are highlighted and exemplified. Particular emphasis is given to the question of how to define the applicability borders of a QSAR and how to estimate parameter and prediction uncertainty. The article ends with a discussion regarding QSAR acceptability criteria. This discussion contains a list of recommended acceptability criteria, and we give reference values for important QSAR performance statistics. Finally, we emphasize that rigorous and independent validation of QSARs is an essential step toward their regulatory acceptance and implementation. C1 Umetr AB, S-90719 Umea, Sweden. Procter & Gamble Eurocor, Cent Prod Safety, Strombeek Bever, Belgium. European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, European Chem Bur, Ispra, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Risk Anal Syst, Riverdale, MD USA. Insubria Univ, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, QSAR & Environm Chem Res Unit, Varese, Italy. RP Eriksson, L (reprint author), Umetr AB, POB 7960, S-90719 Umea, Sweden. EM lennart.eriksson@umetrics.com OI Gramatica, Paola/0000-0002-6364-6138 NR 112 TC 638 Z9 650 U1 11 U2 112 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1361 EP 1375 DI 10.1289/ehp.5758 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 711MX UT WOS:000184746600041 PM 12896860 ER PT J AU Zalud, Z McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW AF Zalud, Z McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW TI Evaluating SHOOTGRO 4.0 as a potential winter wheat management tool in the Czech Republic SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE winter wheat; crop model; validation; phenology; yield ID VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH SIMULATION; SHOOT APEX; PHENOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; WATER; MODEL; LEAF AB Improving current cultural practices often involves more precise timing of the management activity based on crop development. Using crop simulation models to predict crop development and phenology has several problems. First, most existing models do not simulate sufficient developmental and phenological detail required to optimize selected management practices. Second, crop models normally emphasize the cultivars and conditions for the region in which they were developed, and may not generate satisfactory results when applied in new regions. Lastly, when users apply these models to new regions they often lack the specific data and knowledge of the model to adequately determine the crop parameters. Our objective was to assess whether the simulation model SHOOTGRO 4.0, which had the necessary level of developmental and phenological detail required for use as a management decision aid, could be easily and adequately parameterized to simulate winter wheat phenology and grain yield in the Czech Republic. We found that only a few parameters from the generic winter wheat cultivar used for the Central Great Plains in the USA needed to be changed, and the information needed to determine these few parameters were readily obtainable. The result was that the dates of anthesis and physiological maturity and final grain yield were predicted well at sites within the three major crop production regions of the Czech Republic. Sensitivity analysis also showed that the most sensitive management practices and initial conditions in SHOOTGRO are relatively easy to determine (e.g. sowing date, N fertilizer rate and timing, daily temperature), while it is not overly sensitive to these variables more difficult to determine (e.g. initial soil water in the profile). Based on this study, farmers and scientists needing wheat development information to increase the efficacy of their management practices can use SHOOTGRO 4.0 as a tool. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Inst Landscape Ecol, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zalud, Z (reprint author), Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Inst Landscape Ecol, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. RI Zalud, Zdenek/G-3203-2014 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00186-7 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 708JU UT WOS:000184564300003 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Butron, A Guo, BZ Wilson, DM Snook, ME Cleveland, TE Lynch, RE AF Widstrom, NW Butron, A Guo, BZ Wilson, DM Snook, ME Cleveland, TE Lynch, RE TI Control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination in maize by pyramiding QTL involved in resistance to ear-feeding insects and invasion by Aspergillus spp. SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus infection; husk tightness; maysin; resistance to insects; pyramiding QTL; Zea mays L. ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GT-MAS-GK; CORN-EARWORM; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; DIVERSE LOCATIONS; GENETIC-CONTROL; FLAVUS; MAYSIN; SILKS AB Several resistance sources and resistance mechanisms to aflatoxin formation and corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) damage to maize (Zea mays L.) have been identified. Based on this knowledge, experiments were initiated toward achievement of the following objectives: (1) to confirm earlier determinations on resistance traits of germplasm sources and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with each of the traits, and (2) upon estimation of the degree of QTL effects on each trait, to generate a maize population, with chemical and physical resistance to Aspergillus spp. and ear-feeding insects, for inbred development. A 2-year field experiment to evaluate selected genotypes inoculated with A. flavus and infested with corn earworm revealed that significant variation exists among the genotypes for aflatoxin contamination and corn earworm damage. The protection of maize ears against aflatoxin contamination was primarily dependent on resistance to fungal infection and ear-feeding insects, and excellent husk coverage and tightness. A major QTL (p]) identified on chromosome IS had effects of 54.0, 42.1, and 28.3% on the phenotypic variability for concentrations of silk maysin, 3'-methoxymaysin + apimaysin, and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Markers/QTLs for husk phenotypic traits and total aflatoxin concentrations have been determined, but more detailed mapping of these chromosomic regions will be necessary to locate precise markers/QTLs for husk traits and aflatoxin production. Realizing the complexity of the Aspergillus-aflatoxin-maize system and the factors affecting aflatoxin contamination, we are directing our program toward marker-assisted breeding to enhance or improve general genetic resistance to ear-feeding insects and invasion by Aspergillus spp. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00004-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 708JU UT WOS:000184564300008 ER PT J AU Epifanio, J Haas, G Pratt, K Rieman, B Spruell, P Stockwell, C Utter, F Young, W AF Epifanio, J Haas, G Pratt, K Rieman, B Spruell, P Stockwell, C Utter, F Young, W TI Integrating conservation genetic considerations into conservation planning: a case study of bull trout in the Lake Pend Oreille - lower Clark Fork River system SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Practical Approaches for Conserving Native Inland Fishes of the West CY JUN, 2001 CL MISSOULA, MONTANA ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; REDD COUNTS; SALMON; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; NORTHWEST; CRITERIA; FISHES; ISSUES AB Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) is a species of conservation concern-listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act-throughout its native range in the western United States. The authors were assembled by the Clark Fork River Aquatic Implementation Team, composed of biologists representing Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP); Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG); and Avista Corporation, to provide a conservation genetics perspective and to assist those managers charged with stewardship of the bull trout populations occupying the Lake Pend Oreille (ID)-lower Clark Fork River (ID, MT) drainage. More specifically, we were asked to assess the risks to bull trout from alternative conservation strategies and to recommend a plan of action aimed at promoting the species' long-term viability and functional recovery. We describe here a case study of one application of the expert advisory panel approach within the context of a restoration program and of the underlying perspectives this panel brought to bear on bull trout conservation (including identifying conservation units and the actions needed to restore long-term viability to the resource). Although the panel focused specifically on bull trout in a specific basin, the general considerations and approach should have more general application elsewhere for bull trout and for other at-risk fish populations. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Fargo, ND USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat Sci & Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Dept Fisheries Resource Management, McCall, ID USA. RP Epifanio, J (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2003 VL 28 IS 8 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2003)28[10:ICGCIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 710VY UT WOS:000184704600006 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A Ingram, KD TI Bactericidal activity of tripotassium phosphate and potassium oleate on the native flora of poultry skin SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bactericidal activity; poultry skin; native flora ID FATTY-ACIDS; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE; SALMONELLAE; CARCASSES; FOOD AB The ability of solutions of tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4) and potassium oleate to reduce the population of the native bacterial flora of poultry skin was examined. Skin from commercial broiler carcasses was washed in solutions of K3PO4, potassium oleate, or K3PO4 and oleic acid then rinsed in peptone-water. Aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci in the rinsates and the washed skin were enumerated on the appropriate bacteriological media. Washing skin in solutions of K3PO4 significantly reduced the number of Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacter recovered from rinsates of poultry skin, but did not effect the number of aerobic bacteria and enterococci recovered. Washing poultry skin in mixtures containing both K3PO4 and potassium oleate significantly reduced the number of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci recovered in samples of skin rinsates and in blended suspensions of skin. In vitro inhibition studies showed that K3PO4 is primarily bactericidal towards Gram-negative bacteria, while potassium oleate is bactericidal toward Gram-positive bacteria. Findings indicate that mixtures of phosphates and fatty acids are effective bactericides that can reduce the number of bacteria found on poultry skin. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ahinton@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 405 EP 410 AR PII S0740-0020(02)00151-X DI 10.1016/S0740-0020(02)00151-X PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 678TQ UT WOS:000182882900005 ER PT J AU Lee, JH DiCiccio, RJ Hsu, AF Lee, KT Foglia, TA AF Lee, JH DiCiccio, RJ Hsu, AF Lee, KT Foglia, TA TI Production of alkyl esters by a phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia SO FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immobilization; phyllosilicate; alkyl ester; Pseudomonas cepacia lipase AB Lipase PS-30 from Pseudomonas cepacia was immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix, and its esterification activity was compared to that of papain, lipase L-2, and IM60 enzymes. An immobilized lipase PS-30 (IM PS-30) exhibited high esterification activity with ethanol (315.1 U) and butanol (275.0 U) but relatively poor activity with isopropanol (30.7 U) when a molar ratio of 1:3 (tallow: alcohol) was used. On the other hand, IM60 (immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei) showed the highest esterification activity for the normal alcohols (318.2 U), and lipase L-2 had the best esterification activity with isopropanol (319.3 U). For all the lipases studied, alkyl ester production reached equilibrium within the first 2 to 6 hr of alcoholysis reaction. In this study, IM PS-30 immobilized on phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix produced simple alkyl esters from tallow. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Yusung Gu, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Yusung Gu, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOC FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CENTER #605, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-7708 J9 FOOD SCI BIOTECHNOL JI Food Sci. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 755EH UT WOS:000187390400004 ER PT J AU Morita, K Ogawa, Y Thai, CN Tanaka, F Ishiguro, E AF Morita, K Ogawa, Y Thai, CN Tanaka, F Ishiguro, E TI Spectral analysis of reflected soft X-ray for detecting foreign materials in foods SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soft X-ray; spectra; transmittance; reflectance; detection; physical foreign material; food AB A continuous soft X-ray system with a semi-conductor detector was used to detect foreign materials in food samples. Basic properties of transmitted and reflected soft X-ray for some metallic and non-metallic materials were measured using the Si-PIN sensor equipped with a multi-channel analyzer. Soft X-ray spectra in photon energy were obtained for copper, galvanized iron, acrylic, vinyl chloride and glass of different thickness as foreign materials in foods. This detecting system was capable of analyzing intensities of transmitted and reflected X-rays at each energy level in the broadband. The reflected soft X-ray spectra were found to have characteristic spectrum curves for each sample. In order to detect acrylic, vinyl chloride and glass in a hamburger patty, the reflected soft X-ray spectra were analyzed and this technique was found to have the potential for more sensitive detection of foreign materials. The detecting system using properties of transmitted and reflected X-rays at each energy level is considered to be valid for non-metallic foreign materials. C1 Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. USDA ARS, WRRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Morita, K (reprint author), Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. EM morita@bio2.agri.kagoshima-u.ac.jp NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1344-6606 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL RES JI Food Sci. Technol. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.3136/fstr.9.231 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 725NJ UT WOS:000185549000004 ER PT J AU Kopper, BJ Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF AF Kopper, BJ Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF TI Effectiveness of modified White's solution at removing ascomycetes associated with the bark beetle Ips pini SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; FUNGI; TRANSMISSION AB Modified White's solution (1 g HgCl2/l H2O) is widely used to surface disinfest bark beetles of their phoretic fungi. We investigated the effectiveness of this solution at disinfesting adult Ips pini from its associated ophiostomatoid fungi. A treatment for 1, 4 or 8 min does not completely rid beetles of phoretic fungi, but does substantially reduce the amount of fungi they carry externally. Sterilizing with modified White's solution caused limited mortality (<16%). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 237, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kopper, BJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 237, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0329.2003.00327.x PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 705GH UT WOS:000184387000004 ER PT J AU Kallas, MA Reich, RM Jacobi, WR Lundquist, JE AF Kallas, MA Reich, RM Jacobi, WR Lundquist, JE TI Modeling the probability of observing Armillaria root disease in the Black Hills SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; NORTHERN IDAHO; RED SPRUCE; SOIL; HABITAT; PRECIPITATION; DECLINE; FORESTS; MELLEA; PINE AB Armillaria root disease (ARD) occurrence on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ) is not uniform in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. To help manage this ecosystem, a model was developed to predict the probability of observing diseased trees. A kernel density estimator was used to estimate the probability of observing ARD using presence data from two field studies. An eight-parameter regression equation using topographical data (Universal Trans Mercator coordinates, elevation and slope) derived from a Digital Elevation Model was fitted to the estimated probabilities and the residuals kriged to produce correction factors for the regression estimates. The final model, which had a relative mean squared error of 0.128, identified two peaks of high probability in the north-west portion of the Black Hills and several peaks of moderate probability throughout the Black Hills. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jacobi, WR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0329.2003.00324.x PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 705GH UT WOS:000184387000005 ER PT J AU Reed, P Brown, G AF Reed, P Brown, G TI Public land management and quality of life in neighboring communities - The Chugach National Forest planning experience SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE community resilience; importance-performance analysis; public land management; scoping ID PLACE; VALUES; SENSE AB Quality of life (QOL), by almost any definition, is important to people. We apply the concept to the relationship between rural communities and public land management. A 1999 study of residents in 12 communities neighboring the Chugach National Forest in Alaska was used during the revision of the Forest's land and resource management plan to assess the relationships between quality of life components and possible management activities being considered. Specifically, we addressed the following five questions: (1) What QOL components are most important to residents of the 14 neighboring local communities? (2) How satisfied are residents with the current status of the QOL components in their communities? (3) How do local respondent perceptions of QOL component importance compare with those of their peers nationwide? (4) If proposed forest management activities may adversely affect resident perceptions of QOL, what are the possible consequences to the communities? (5) How prepared are the communities to address any possible adverse consequences on their own? Our findings confirm that the Forest, probably not unlike other public land management units, has the ability to affect the quality of life of the communities neighboring it for better or for worse. However, the degree to which the communities' residents themselves are prepared for such change is equally significant. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Reg 10 Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ S Australia, Sch Environm & Recreat Management, Mawson Lakes, SA 5081, Australia. RP Reed, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Reg 10 Alaska, 3301 C St,Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM preed01@fs.fed.us; greg.brown@unisa.edu.au NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 479 EP 498 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709QY UT WOS:000184636900001 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Lietz, SM Wright, JL AF Gustafson, EJ Lietz, SM Wright, JL TI Predicting the spatial distribution of aspen growth potential in the upper Great Lakes region SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth and yield; model; climate; topography; landscape ecology; forest management planning ID PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; FORESTS; PATTERN; USA AB One way to increase aspen yields is to produce aspen on sites where aspen growth potential is highest. Aspen growth rates are typically predicted using site index, but this is impractical for landscape-level assessments. We tested the hypothesis that aspen growth can be predicted from site and climate variables and generated a model to map the spatial variability of aspen growth potential across the upper Great Lakes region. The model predicting aspen growth from climate and site characteristics performed nearly as well as the site index model. Sites currently growing aspen have a somewhat lower growth potential than do nonaspen upland sites. The mean growth potential of national forest sites is lower than on other ownerships, except in Michigan. Upland sites with the highest aspen growth potential had higher growth potential than sites currently growing aspen, suggesting that productivity could be increased by shifting the location of aspen production. Only 6.7% of the highest growth sites are located on national forests across the region. The spatially explicit nature of these results may facilitate cooperative planning to better optimize where aspen will be managed across a subregion to enhance regional productivity and to focus management where the potential for production is the greatest. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us; slietz@fs.fed.us; jwright02@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 499 EP 508 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709QY UT WOS:000184636900002 ER PT J AU Lynch, TB Nkouka, J Huebschmann, MM Guldin, JM AF Lynch, TB Nkouka, J Huebschmann, MM Guldin, JM TI Maximum likelihood estimation for predicting the probability of obtaining variable shortleaf pine regeneration densities SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE natural regeneration; Pinus echinata; logistic regresson ID OAK AB A logistic equation is the basis for a model that predicts the probability of obtaining regeneration at specified densities. The density of regeneration (trees/ha) for which an estimate of probability is desired can be specified by means of independent variables in the model. When estimating parameters, the dependent variable is set to 1 if the regeneration density (trees/ha) on the plot is greater than the specified density (trees/ha), otherwise 0. Since it is desired to estimate parameters for a range of probability densities, traditional estimation techniques for logistic models cannot be used. Multiple regeneration densities require a multinomial distribution, for which maximum likelihood estimates are obtained. Counts of shortleaf pine regeneration taken 9-10years after thinning on 182 plots established in naturally occurring shortleaf pine forests are used to estimate parameters. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Hot Springs, AR USA. RP Lynch, TB (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Room 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tlynch@okstate.edu; nkouka@hotmail.com; MikeHuebschmann@bc.com; jguldin@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 577 EP 584 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709QY UT WOS:000184636900009 ER PT J AU Rebain, S McDill, ME AF Rebain, S McDill, ME TI A mixed-integer formulation of the minimum patch size problem SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest management; area-based forest planning; spatial optimization; integer programming; wildlife management; habitat fragmentation ID MANAGED FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; RESERVE SITE SELECTION; PROGRAMMING APPROACH; OPTIMIZING WILDLIFE; ADJACENCY CONSTRAINTS; OPTIMIZATION APPROACH; PLANNING PROBLEMS; HABITAT; TIMBER; FRAGMENTATION AB Forest harvest scheduling models have addressed wildlife habitat concerns in a variety of ways. One way is through minimum patch size constraints specifying that a certain amount of the forest must consist of patches meeting both minimum size and minimum age requirements. Patch size requirements may be necessary because a forest with only small patches of mature habitat may not be able to support populations of some wildlife species. Maximum harvest opening size constraints, which are often imposed for legal or policy reasons, tend to divide forest habitat into small patches. Minimum patch size constraints may be able to help mitigate the negative impact of maximum harvest opening size restrictions. Patch size requirements have been considered elsewhere, buta mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation has never been presented. This article presents such a formulation, which allows minimum patch size problems to be solved using the branch and bound algorithm available through commercial solver packages. An example problem is formulated, solved, and discussed. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rebain, S (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 608 EP 618 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709QY UT WOS:000184636900012 ER PT J AU Webster, JR Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Valett, HM Dodds, WK Peterson, BJ Bowden, WB Dahm, CN Findlay, S Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Marti, E McDowell, WH Meyer, JL Morrall, DD Thomas, SA Wollheim, WM AF Webster, JR Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Valett, HM Dodds, WK Peterson, BJ Bowden, WB Dahm, CN Findlay, S Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Marti, E McDowell, WH Meyer, JL Morrall, DD Thomas, SA Wollheim, WM TI Factors affecting ammonium uptake in streams - an inter-biome perspective SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biome; metabolism; nitrogen; stable isotope; transient storage ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; DESERT STREAM; HEADWATER STREAMS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SURFACE-WATER; FOREST STREAM; UPTAKE LENGTH AB 1. The Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment (LINX) was a coordinated study of the relationships between North American biomes and factors governing ammonium uptake in streams. Our objective was to relate inter-biome variability of ammonium uptake to physical, chemical and biological processes. 2. Data were collected from 11 streams ranging from arctic to tropical and from desert to rainforest. Measurements at each site included physical, hydraulic and chemical characteristics, biological parameters, whole-stream metabolism and ammonium uptake. Ammonium uptake was measured by injection of N-15-ammonium and downstream measurements of N-15-ammonium concentration. 3. We found no general, statistically significant relationships that explained the variability in ammonium uptake among sites. However, this approach does not account for the multiple mechanisms of ammonium uptake in streams. When we estimated biological demand for inorganic nitrogen based on our measurements of in-stream metabolism, we found good correspondence between calculated nitrogen demand and measured assimilative nitrogen uptake. 4. Nitrogen uptake varied little among sites, reflecting metabolic compensation in streams in a variety of distinctly different biomes (autotrophic production is high where allochthonous inputs are relatively low and vice versa). 5. Both autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism require nitrogen and these biotic processes dominate inorganic nitrogen retention in streams. Factors that affect the relative balance of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism indirectly control inorganic nitrogen uptake. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ USA. Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes, Girona, Spain. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Dept Environm Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. EcoMetr Inc, Pendleton, OR USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Webster, JR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jwebster@vt.edu RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Marti, Eugenia/J-9146-2012; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Marti, Eugenia/0000-0002-6910-4874; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 101 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1352 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01094.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 702AY UT WOS:000184203500004 ER PT J AU Weigel, BM Wang, LZ Rasmussen, PW Butcher, JT Stewart, PM Simon, TP Wiley, MJ AF Weigel, BM Wang, LZ Rasmussen, PW Butcher, JT Stewart, PM Simon, TP Wiley, MJ TI Relative influence of variables at multiple spatial scales on stream macroinvertebrates in the Northern Lakes and Forest ecoregion, USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; index of biotic integrity; landcover; multivariate; redundancy analysis ID LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT QUALITY; RIPARIAN AREAS; SPECIES TRAITS; TROUT STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY AB 1. We used 94 sites within the Northern Lakes and Forests ecoregion spanning Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan to identify environmental variables at the catchment, reach and riparian scales that influence stream macroinvertebrates. Redundancy analyses (RDA) found significantly influential variables within each scale and compared their relative importance in structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages. 2. Environmental variables included landcover, geology and groundwater delivery estimates at the catchment scale, water chemistry, channel morphology and stream habitat at the reach scale, and landcover influences at three distances perpendicular to the stream at the riparian scale. Macroinvertebrate responses were characterised with 22 assemblage attributes, and the relative abundance and presence/absence of 66 taxa. 3. Each scale defined macroinvertebrates along an erosional to depositional gradient. Wisconsin's macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity, Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera taxa and erosional taxa corresponded with forest streams, whereas organic pollution tolerant, Chironomidae and depositional taxa corresponded with wetland streams. Reach scale analyses defined the gradient similarly as dissolved oxygen and wide, shallow channels (erosional) opposed instream macrophytes and pool habitats (depositional). Riparian forests within 30 m of the stream coincided with an erosional assemblage and biotic integrity. 4. Next, we combined all significant environmental variables across scales to compare the relative influence of each spatial scale on macroinvertebrates. Partial RDA procedures described how much of the explained variance was attributable to each spatial scale and each interrelated scale combination. 5. Our results appeared consistent with the concept of hierarchical functioning of scale in which large-scale variables restrict the potential for macroinvertebrate traits or taxa at smaller spatial scales. Catchment and reach variables were equally influential in defining assemblage attributes, whereas the reach scale was more influential in determining relative abundance and presence/absence. 6. Ultimately, comprehending the relative influence of catchment and reach scale properties in structuring stream biota will assist prioritising the scale at which to rehabilitate, manage and derive policies for stream ecosystem integrity. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Monona, WI 53716 USA. US Forest Serv, Super Natl Forest, Duluth, MN USA. Troy State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, NY USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. EM brian.weigel@dnr.state.wi.us RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012; Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 56 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1440 EP 1461 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01076.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 702AY UT WOS:000184203500012 ER PT J AU Fang, JY Piao, SL Field, CB Pan, YD Guo, QH Zhou, LM Peng, CH Tao, S AF Fang, JY Piao, SL Field, CB Pan, YD Guo, QH Zhou, LM Peng, CH Tao, S TI Increasing net primary production in China from 1982 to 1999 SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEX; CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; BIOMASS; TRENDS; SINK; CO2 AB We used a simple process model and satellite data to explore trends in China's terrestrial net primary production (NPP). We found that the country's terrestrial NPP increased by 18.7% from 1982 to 1999. Evidence for this major increase also came from crop yields and forest inventory surveys, and much of it appeared to be the result of a lengthening of the growing season. Plant growth also increased during the middle of the growing season, but to a lesser extent. Historical NPP trends indicate a great deal of spatial heterogeneity, increasing significantly over an area covering 30.8% of China during the past 18 years, but decreasing in areas undergoing rapid urbanization. C1 Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Coll Earth Syst, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Fang, JY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jyfang@urban.pku.edu.cn RI Fang, Jingyun/A-4282-2009; Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012; Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; OI Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 NR 28 TC 118 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 1 IS 6 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WZ UT WOS:000221790800017 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Bain, DJ Band, LE Belt, KT Brush, GS Grove, JM Pouyat, RV Yesilonis, IC Zipperer, WC AF Groffman, PM Bain, DJ Band, LE Belt, KT Brush, GS Grove, JM Pouyat, RV Yesilonis, IC Zipperer, WC TI Down by the riverside: urban riparian ecology SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID NITRATE REMOVAL; STREAM; ZONES; SYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL; VEGETATION; WATERSHEDS; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENTS; LANDSCAPE AB Riparian areas are hotspots of interactions between plants, soil, water, microbes, and people. While urban land use change has been shown to have dramatic effects on watershed hydrology, there has been surprisingly little analysis of its effects on riparian areas. Here we examine the ecology of urban riparian zones, focusing on work done in the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a component of the US National Science Foundation's Long Term Ecological Research network. Research in the Baltimore study has addressed how changes in hydrology associated with urbanization create riparian "hydrologic drought" by lowering water tables, which in turn alters soil, vegetation, and microbial processes. We analyze the nature of past and current human interactions with riparian ecosystems, and review other urban ecosystem studies to show how our observations mirror those in other cities. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Brush, Grace S./A-3288-2010; Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013 OI Brush, Grace S./0000-0003-1280-5933; NR 43 TC 194 Z9 208 U1 12 U2 135 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 1 IS 6 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.2307/3868092 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WZ UT WOS:000221790800020 ER PT J AU Molberg, O Flaete, NS Jensen, T Lundin, KEA Arentz-Hansen, H Anderson, OD Uhlen, AK Sollid, LM AF Molberg, O Flaete, NS Jensen, T Lundin, KEA Arentz-Hansen, H Anderson, OD Uhlen, AK Sollid, LM TI Intestinal T-cell responses to high-molecular-weight glutenins in celiac disease SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE; STORAGE PROTEINS; GLIADIN; SPECIFICITY; EPITOPES; PEPTIDES; REGIONS; SPRUE; GUT AB Background & Aims: The chronic, small intestinal inflammation that defines celiac disease is initiated by a HLA-DQ2 restricted T-cell response to ingested gluten peptides after their in vivo deamidation by tissue transglutaminase (TG2). To date, celiac disease can only be treated by a lifelong abstinence from foods that contain wheat, rye, or barley; better therapeutic options are hence needed. An attractive target would be to identify nontoxic wheat cultivars or components thereof with intact baking qualities. Because these qualities are mainly determined by the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin proteins of gluten, it is critical to know if these proteins are toxic or, more specifically, if they will trigger the activation of T cells in the celiac lesion. Methods: Different, highly purified HMW glutenins were isolated from wheat cultivars or expressed as recombinant proteins. The proteins were first tested for recognition by a large panel of gluten-specific T-cell lines established from celiac lesions and then applied during ex vivo challenges of celiac biopsies to allow for a direct identification of HMW specific T cells. Results: Intestinal T-cell responses to TG2-deamidated HMW glutenins but not the corresponding native proteins were detectable in 9 of the 22 adult and childhood celiac disease patients tested. Conclusions: T cells within celiac lesions frequently recognize deamidated HMW glutenin proteins. This finding questions the possibility of implementing these proteins in novel food items destined to be nontoxic for celiac disease patients. C1 Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Inst Immunol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Med, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Hort, As, Norway. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Crop Sci, As, Norway. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molberg, O (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Inst Immunol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. RI Sollid, Ludvig/N-9691-2015 OI Sollid, Ludvig/0000-0001-8860-704X NR 28 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00890-4 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 707VU UT WOS:000184531200011 PM 12891534 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ AF Hausman, GJ TI Dexamethasone induced preadipocyte recruitment and expression of CCAAT/enhancing binding protein alpha and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma proteins in porcine stromal-vascular (S-V) cell cultures obtained before and after the onset of fetal adipogenesis SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preadipocyte; fetus; transcription factors; immunocytochemistry; pig; differentiation ID DIFFERENTIATION IN-VITRO; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; PPAR-GAMMA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; C/EBP-ALPHA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INSULIN; VIVO; TROGLITAZONE AB The present study examined the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on preadipocyte recruitment and expression of transcription factor proteins in adipose tissue stromal-vascular (S-V) cell cultures from 50 and 75 day old pig fetuses and young pigs. C/EBPalpha, C/EBPdelta. and PPARgamma immunoreactive cells had evenly reactive nuclei and unreactive nucleoli. DEX recruited many more preadipocytes in 75 day than in 50 day fetal S-V cultures. However, DEX did not increase the number of differentiated preadipocytes (lipid+, C/EBPalpha+) in 50 day S-V cultures and only slightly increased this number in 75 day fetal S-V cultures. In fetal cultures, extensive, precocious increases in C/EBPalpha expression (number of reactive cells) by day three were followed by extensive decreases in expression. However. PPARgamma expression was not expressed precociously since preadipocyte lipid accretion and PPARgamma immunoreactivity were strongly linked in fetal and pig S-V cultures. Nevertheless, all cells with lipid in fetal S-V cultures were C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma reactive. DEX increases preadipocyte differentiation in pig S-V cultures and in this study DEX increased PPARgamma expression to a much greater degree in pig than in fetal S-V cultures. These studies suggest that restricted adipogenesis in the pig fetus is attributable to limited DEX induced PPAR-gamma expression. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 133 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00149-7 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 712KK UT WOS:000184796700007 PM 12899847 ER PT J AU Mliki, A Staub, JE Sun, ZY Ghorbel, A AF Mliki, A Staub, JE Sun, ZY Ghorbel, A TI Genetic diversity in African cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) provides potential for germplasm enhancement SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genetic distance; genetic markers; germplasm management; multidimensional scaling; multivariate statistics; RAPD; simple matching coefficient ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MARKERS AB Genetic diversity among 26 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus) accessions from five African countries [Algeria (1), Egypt (21), Ethiopia (2), Kenya (1), and Libya (1)] present in the U. S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) were examined by assessing variation at 71 polymorphic random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci. Genetic distances (GD; simple matching coefficient) were estimated among these African accessions and a reference array (RA) of 21 accessions representative of the genetic variation in cucumber. GD among African accessions ranged between 0.41 and 0.97. GD among accessions in the reference array ranged between 0.36 and 0.88. Multivariate analysis identified three distinct groupings (1-3) of African accessions; Group 1 contained 21 accessions (Egypt, Ethiopia and Libya), Group 2 consisted of two accessions (Kenya, Algeria), and Group 3 possessed three accessions (Egypt). These groupings were distinct from each other (P>0.001). Accessions in Group 1 differed genetically from all other accessions examined (P>0.01), and accessions in Groups 2 and 3 were uniquely associated with several RA accessions. While GD among accessions in Group 1 ranged between 0.52 and 0.90, distances among Group 2 accessions varied between 0.93 and 0.97. The GD between the two accessions in Group 3 was 0.65. An accession from Syria (PI 181874) and from one Turkey (PI 199383) were genetically more similar to accessions in Group 1 than to other accessions in the RA. Likewise, accessions in Group 2 were genetically similar to two RA accessions from China and a European glasshouse cucumber line, and Group 3 accessions showed genetic affinities with the U. S. market class cultivar Dasher II. Data suggest that some Egyptian accessions (Group 1) possess unique genetic variation, that this germplasm has potential for broadening the genetic base of commerical cucumber, and that further collection of African germplasm is likely to enhance genetic diversity of cucumber in NPGS. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Natl Rech Sci & Tech, Lab Ameliorat & Adaptat Plantes, Hammam Lif, Tunisia. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 50 IS 5 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1023/A:1023957813397 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 684JH UT WOS:000183201700002 ER PT J AU Brown, GR Bassoni, DL Gill, GP Fontana, JR Wheeler, NC Megraw, RA Davis, MF Sewell, MM Tuskan, GA Neale, DB AF Brown, GR Bassoni, DL Gill, GP Fontana, JR Wheeler, NC Megraw, RA Davis, MF Sewell, MM Tuskan, GA Neale, DB TI Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). III. QTL verification and candidate gene mapping SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID OUTBRED PEDIGREE; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEIN; LINKAGE MAPS; FRUIT SIZE; POPULATION; TOMATO; XYLEM; CONSTRUCTION; MARKERS; SAMPLES AB A long-term series of experiments to map QTL influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine has been completed. These experiments were designed to identify and subsequently verify QTL in multiple genetic backgrounds, environments, and growing seasons. Verification of QTL is necessary to substantiate a biological basis for observed marker-trait associations, to provide precise estimates of the magnitude of QTL effects, and to predict QTL expression at a given age or in a particular environment. Verification was based on the repeated detection of QTL among populations, as well as among multiple growing seasons for each population. Temporal stability of QTL was moderate, with approximately half being detected in multiple seasons. Fewer QTL were common to different populations, but the results are nonetheless encouraging for restricted applications of marker-assisted selection. QTL from larger populations accounted for less phenotypic variation than QTL detected in smaller populations, emphasizing the need for experiments employing much larger families. Additionally, 18 candidate genes related to lignin biosynthesis and cell wall structure were mapped genetically. Several candidate genes colocated with wood property QTL; however, these relationships Must be verified in future experiments. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Weyerhaeuser Tech Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98477 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 39 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 10 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 164 IS 4 BP 1537 EP 1546 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 720EF UT WOS:000185248000026 PM 12930758 ER PT J AU Czembor, PC Arseniuk, E Czaplicki, A Song, QJ Cregan, PB Ueng, PP AF Czembor, PC Arseniuk, E Czaplicki, A Song, QJ Cregan, PB Ueng, PP TI QTL mapping of partial resistance in winter wheat to Stagonospora nodorum blotch SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE bulked segregant analysis; microsatellites; Stagonospora nodorum ID SEPTORIA-GLUME BLOTCH; BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; DURUM-WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LEPTOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; SUBSTITUTION LINES; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB Stagonospora nodorum blotch is an important foliar and glume disease in cereals. Inheritance of resistance in wheat appears to be quantitative. To date, breeding of partially resistant cultivars has been the only effective way to combat this pathogen. The partial resistance components, namely length of incubation period, disease severity, and length of latent period, were evaluated on a population of doubled haploids derived from a cross between the partially resistant Triticum aestivum 'Liwilla' and susceptible Triticum aestivum 'Begra'. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment and the fifth leaf was examined. Molecular analyses were based on bulked segregant analyses using 240 microsatellite markers. Four QTLs were significantly associated with partial resistance components and were located on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5B, and 5D. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranged from 14 to 21% for incubation period, from 16 to 37% for disease severity, and from 13 to 28% for latent period. C1 Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, PL-05870 Radzikow, Blonie, Poland. Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Czembor, PC (reprint author), Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, PL-05870 Radzikow, Blonie, Poland. RI Czaplicki, Andrzej/C-9831-2013 OI Czaplicki, Andrzej/0000-0001-9466-1800 NR 57 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2003 VL 46 IS 4 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.1139/G03-036 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 711RR UT WOS:000184755300003 PM 12897862 ER PT J AU Li, L Garvin, DF AF Li, L Garvin, DF TI Molecular mapping of Or, a gene inducing beta-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis); AFLP; Or gene; molecular markers; carotenoids ID AFLP MARKERS; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; GENOMIC DNA; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; TOMATO; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONVERSION; RESISTANCE; CLONING AB The cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) Or gene is a semi-dominant, single-locus mutation that induces the accumulation of high levels of beta-carotene in various tissues of the plant, turning them orange. As part of a map-based cloning strategy, molecular mapping of the Or gene in the cauliflower genome was undertaken in a mapping population consisting of 195 F-2 individuals. By using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in conjunction with bulked segregant analysis, we identified 10 AFLP markers closely linked to the Or gene. Four of the most closely linked flanking markers were converted into restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Mapping of these markers in the mapping population placed two of them at 0.5 cM from the Or locus on one side, while another marker flanked the Or gene at 1.6 cM on the other side. Three of these markers were also successfully converted into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. These PCR-based markers will be useful for a large-scale application in facilitating the positional cloning of the Or gene. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2003 VL 46 IS 4 BP 588 EP 594 DI 10.1139/G03-043 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 711RR UT WOS:000184755300008 PM 12897867 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Larson, SR Hu, ZM Palazzo, AJ Jones, TA Wang, RRC Jensen, KB Chatterton, NJ AF Wu, XL Larson, SR Hu, ZM Palazzo, AJ Jones, TA Wang, RRC Jensen, KB Chatterton, NJ TI Molecular genetic linkage maps for allotetraploid Leymus wildryes (Gramineae : Triticeae) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE AFLP; perennial grasses; RFLP; STS; SSR ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; DEVELOPMENTAL GENE; AFLP MARKERS; RFLP MAP; WHEAT; GENOME; POACEAE; MAIZE; RICE AB Molecular genetic maps were constructed for two full-sib populations, TTC1 and TTC2, derived from two Leymus triticoides x Leymus cinereus hybrids and one common Leymus triticoides tester. Informative DNA markers were detected using 21 EcoRI-MseI and 17 PstI-MseI AFLP primer combinations, 36 anchored SSR or STS primer pairs, and 9 anchored RFLP probes. The 164-sib TTC1 map includes 1069 AFLP markers and 38 anchor loci in 14 linkage groups spanning 2001 cM. The 170-sib TTC2 map contains 1002 AFLP markers and 36 anchor loci in 14 linkage groups spanning 2066 cM. Some 488 homologous AFLP loci and 24 anchor markers detected in both populations showed similar map order. Thus, 1583 AFLP markers and 50 anchor loci were mapped into 14 linkage groups, which evidently correspond to the 14 chromosomes of allotetraploid Leymus (2n = 4x = 28). Synteny of two or more anchor markers from. each of the seven homoeologous wheat and barley chromosomes was detected for 12 of the 14 Leymus linkage groups. Moreover, two distinct sets of genome-specific STS markers were identified in these allotetraploid Leymus species. These Leymus genetic maps and populations will provide a useful system to evaluate the inheritance of functionally important traits of two divergent perennial grass species. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 74 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2003 VL 46 IS 4 BP 627 EP 646 DI 10.1139/G03-048 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 711RR UT WOS:000184755300012 PM 12897871 ER PT J AU Sorrells, ME La Rota, M Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Greene, RA Kantety, R Munkvold, JD Miftahudin Mahmoud, A Ma, XF Gustafson, PJ Qi, LLL Echalier, B Gill, BS Matthews, DE Lazo, GR Chao, SM Anderson, OD Edwards, H Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Zhang, DS Nguyen, HT Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Anderson, JA Hossain, K Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Choi, DW Close, TJ Dilbirligi, M Gill, KS Steber, C Walker-Simmons, MK McGuire, PE Qualset, CO AF Sorrells, ME La Rota, M Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Greene, RA Kantety, R Munkvold, JD Miftahudin Mahmoud, A Ma, XF Gustafson, PJ Qi, LLL Echalier, B Gill, BS Matthews, DE Lazo, GR Chao, SM Anderson, OD Edwards, H Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Zhang, DS Nguyen, HT Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Anderson, JA Hossain, K Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Choi, DW Close, TJ Dilbirligi, M Gill, KS Steber, C Walker-Simmons, MK McGuire, PE Qualset, CO TI Comparative DNA sequence analysis of wheat and rice genomes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRASS GENOMES; ORYZA-SATIVA; COMPARATIVE GENETICS; DRAFT SEQUENCE; MAIZE; COLINEARITY; CHROMOSOMES; TRITICEAE; REGION; EVOLUTION AB The use of DNA sequence-based comparative genomics for evolutionary studies and for transferring information from model species to crop species has revolutionized molecular genetics and crop improvement strategies. This study compared 4485 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were physically mapped in wheat chromosome bins, to the public rice genome sequence data from 2251 ordered BAC/PAC clones using BLAST. A rice genome view of homologous wheat genome locations based on comparative sequence analysis revealed numerous chromosomal rearrangements that will significantly complicate the use of rice as a model for cross-species transfer of information in nonconserved regions. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 50 TC 280 Z9 297 U1 2 U2 29 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1818 EP 1827 DI 10.1101/gr.1113003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 707VQ UT WOS:000184530900004 PM 12902377 ER PT J AU Clark, JJ Walker, J Ramos, RR AF Clark, JJ Walker, J Ramos, RR TI Depositional history and evolution of the Paso del Indio site, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE AB Potshards discovered during excavation of bridge pilasters for a major expressway over the Rio Indio floodplain, a stream incised within the karsts of north-central Puerto Rico, required large-scale archaeological excavation. Five-meter-deep bridge pilaster excavations in the alluvial valley provide a 4500-year history of deposition. Stratigraphic analysis of the exposed pilaster walls in combination with textural and organic carbon analyses of sediment cores obtained over a much broader area suggest a fluvial system dominated by overbank deposition. Six sequences of alternating light and dark layers of sediment were identified. The darker layers are largely composed of silts and clays, whereas the lighter layers are rich in sandsized sediment. Archaeological evidence indicates the organic-rich dark layers, believed to be buried A horizons, coincide with pre-historic occupation by Cedrosan Saladoid, Elenan Ostionoid, and Chican Ostionoid, extending from A.D. 450 to A.D. 1500. Lighter layers below the dark soil horizons are interpreted as overbank deposits from large magnitude flood events. The floodplain aggraded discontinuously with rapid deposition of sand followed by gradual accumulation of silt, clay, and organic material. An approximately I-m-thick layer of coarse sand and gravel halfway up the stratigraphic column represents an episode of more frequent and severe floods. Based on radiocarbon ages, this layer aggraded between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1100, which is well within the Elenan Ostionoid era (A.D. 900-1200). Rates of sedimentation during this period were approximately 8 mar per year, ten times greater than the estimates of sedimentation rates before and after this flood sequence. The cause for the change in deposition is unknown. Nonetheless the Elenan Ostionoid would have had to endure frequent loss of habitation structures and crops during these events. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Univ, Dept Geol, Appleton, WI 54912 USA. US Forest Serv, Heritage Resources Program, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. Law Environm Inc, Archaeol Project, Vega Baja, PR 00693 USA. RP Clark, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Univ, Dept Geol, Appleton, WI 54912 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 625 EP 648 DI 10.1002/gea.10083 PG 24 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 702AE UT WOS:000184201400003 ER PT J AU Arora, R Rowland, LJ Tanino, K AF Arora, R Rowland, LJ Tanino, K TI Induction and release of bud dormancy in woody perennials: A science comes of age SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY OCT 03-06, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Univ Rhode Isl, Shamrock Seed Co, Rhode Isl Nursery & Landscape Assoc, URI Fdn, Coll Environm & Life Sci Dean, Syngenta ID PERSICA L BATSCH; ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; RED-OSIER DOGWOOD; VITIS-VINIFERA L; COLD-ACCLIMATION; BETULA-PUBESCENS; EVERGREEN PEACH; PRUNUS-PERSICA C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 177 TC 167 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 911 EP 921 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EX UT WOS:000185305000005 ER PT J AU Ryder, EJ AF Ryder, EJ TI Perspectives on germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY OCT 03-06, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Univ Rhode Isl, Shamrock Seed Co, Rhode Isl Nursery & Landscape Assoc, URI Fdn, Coll Environm & Life Sci Dean, Syngenta ID LETTUCE C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ryder, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 922 EP 927 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EX UT WOS:000185305000006 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Bassett, C Gusta, LV AF Wisniewski, M Bassett, C Gusta, LV TI An overview of cold hardiness in Woody plants: Seeing the forest through the trees SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY OCT 03-06, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Univ Rhode Isl, Shamrock Seed Co, Rhode Isl Nursery & Landscape Assoc, URI Fdn, Coll Environm & Life Sci Dean, Syngenta ID INFRARED VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; RAY PARENCHYMA CELLS; PERSICA L BATSCH; ENHANCES FREEZING TOLERANCE; STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYS; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C; BETULA-PUBESCENS EHRH.; WINTER BRASSICA-NAPUS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 156 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 952 EP 959 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EX UT WOS:000185305000010 ER PT J AU Li, XW Tupper, JC Bannerman, DD Winn, RK Rhodes, CJ Harlan, JM AF Li, XW Tupper, JC Bannerman, DD Winn, RK Rhodes, CJ Harlan, JM TI Phosphoinositide 3 kinase mediates toll-like receptor 4-induced activation of NF-kappa B in endothelial cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DROSOPHILA TOLL; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; PATHWAY; AKT; INTERLEUKIN-1 AB Many of the proinflammatory effects of gram-negative bacteria are elicited by the interaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed on host cells. TLR4 signaling leads to activation of NF-kappaB and transcription of many genes involved in the inflammatory response. In this study, we examined the signaling pathways involved in NF-kappaB activation by TLR4 signaling in human microvascular endothelial cells. Akt is a major downstream target of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3-kinase), and PI3-kinase activation is necessary and sufficient for Akt phosphorylation. Consequently, Akt kinase activation was used as a measure of PI3-kinase activity. In a stable transfection system, dominant-negative mutants of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) (MyD88-TIR and IRAK-DD, respectively) blocked Akt kinase activity in response to LPS and IL-1beta. A dominant-negative mutant (Mal-P/H) of MyD88 adapter-like protein (Mal), a protein with homology to MyD88, failed to inhibit LPS- or IL-1beta-induced Akt activity. Moreover, a dominant-negative mutant of p85 (p85-DN) inhibited the NF-kappaB luciferase activity, IL-6 production, and IkappaBalpha degradation elicited by LPS and IL-1beta but not that stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. The dominant-negative mutant of Akt partially inhibited the NF-kappaB luciferase activity evoked by LPS and IL-1beta. However, expression of a constitutively activated Akt failed to induce NF-kappaB luciferase activity. These findings indicate that TLR4- and IL-1R-induced PI3-kinase activity is mediated by the adapter proteins MyD88 and IRAK-I but not Mal. Further, these studies suggest that PI3-kinase is an important mediator of LPS and IL-1beta signaling leading to NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells and that Akt is necessary but not sufficient for NF-kappaB activation by TLR4. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Pacific NW Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Harlan, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Hematol, Box 359756, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL72262, HL18645, P01 HL018645, P01 HL072262] NR 43 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4414 EP 4420 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.8.4414-4420.2003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 705JV UT WOS:000184392700024 PM 12874320 ER PT J AU Farnell, MB He, HQ Kogut, MH AF Farnell, MB He, HQ Kogut, MH TI Differential activation of signal transduction pathways mediating oxidative burst by chicken heterophils in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article DE signal transduction; heterophils; oxidative burst; chicken; Toll-like receptors ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-2; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; INNATE IMMUNITY; PROTEIN-KINASE; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; CELL ACTIVATION; DEGRANULATION; LIPOPROTEINS; RECOGNITION AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been previously shown to mediate oxidative burst in chicken heterophils. This study was conducted to begin to map the molecular pathways that regulate TLR-mediated oxidative burst. Peripheral blood heterophils from neonatal chicks were isolated and exposed to known inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for either 20 min ( genistein, verapamil, or chelerythrine) or 120 min ( pertussis toxin) at 39 degreesC. The cells were then stimulated for 30 min at 39 degreesC with Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The heterophil oxidative burst was then quantitated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL). Genistein ( a tyrosine kinase inhibitor), verapamil ( a calcium channel blocker), chelerythrine ( a protein kinase C inhibitor), and pertussis toxin ( a G-protein inhibitor) significantly reduced LPS-stimulated oxidative burst in chicken heterophils by 34, 50, 63, and 51%, respectively. Although genistein had a statistically significant effect on reducing LPS-stimulated LDCL biologically it seems to play only a minor role within the oxidative burst pathway. Heterophils stimulated with the gram-positive TLR agonist, LTA, activated a different signal transduction pathway since chelerythrine was the only inhibitor that significantly reduced (72%) LTA-stimulated oxidative burst. These findings demonstrate that distinct signal transduction pathways differentially regulate the stimulation of oxidative burst in avian heterophils. Pertussis toxin-sensitive, protein kinase C-dependent, Ca++-dependent G proteins appear to regulate oxidative burst of avian heterophils stimulated with gram-negative agonist LPS; whereas, a protein kinase C-dependent signal transduction pathway plays the major role activating the oxidative burst of avian heterophils stimulated with gram-positive agonists. The distinct differences in the response of heterophils to these two agonists illustrate the specificity of TLRs to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)s. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 4 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1023/A:1025088514676 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 709HL UT WOS:000184619700005 PM 14527175 ER PT J AU Cheon, HM Kim, HJ Yun, CY Lee, HJ Lee, IH Shirk, PD Seo, SJ AF Cheon, HM Kim, HJ Yun, CY Lee, HJ Lee, IH Shirk, PD Seo, SJ TI Fat body expressed yolk protein genes in Hyphantria cunea are related to the YP4 follicular epithelium yolk protein subunit gene of pyralid moths SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hyphantria cunea; yolk protein; vitellogenin; cDNA; RT-PCR ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EGG-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; BOMBYX-MORI; MESSENGER-RNA; VITELLOGENIN; CDNA; INSECT; PURIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB cDNA clones for two of the yolk proteins, YP1 and YP2, produced by the fat body of the moth, Hyphantria cunea, were sequenced and found to be homologous to the follicular epithelium yolk proteins of pyralid moths. Both cDNA clones coded for polypeptides; of 290 residues and the deduced amino acid sequence identity between YP1 and YP2 was very high (79.0%). Analysis of the secondary structure of the predicted polypeptides suggests that YP1 and YP2 do not form heteromeric proteins because of differences in secondary structure due to the lack of alpha helices in YP1. Northern blot analysis showed that the transcripts for YP1 (1.2 kb) and YP2 (1.1 kb) were present primarily in the female fat body with only trace levels detectable in the ovary of the adult female. In a developmental study, the YP1 and YP2 transcripts were first detectable in 10-day-old pupae and increased into the adult stage. These results suggest that the YP1 and YP2 genes in H. cunea have been recruited to replace the vitellogenin gene as the primary source of yolk proteins. During this process they have acquired a modified pattern of expression that is different from homologous genes reported in pyralid moths. The assessment of the evolution of proteinaceous yolk in these moths should serve as an excellent model for the evolution of gene recruitment. C1 Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Life Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. Daejeon Univ, Dept Biol, Taejon, South Korea. Korea Univ, Dept Biol, Seoul, South Korea. Hoseo Univ, Dept Life Sci, Asan, South Korea. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Seo, SJ (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Life Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00422.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 707ZE UT WOS:000184539200008 PM 12864918 ER PT J AU Yao, M Lichtenstein, AH Roberts, SB Ma, G Gao, S Tucker, KL McCrory, MA AF Yao, M Lichtenstein, AH Roberts, SB Ma, G Gao, S Tucker, KL McCrory, MA TI Relative influence of diet and physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in urban Chinese adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE dietary macronutrient composition; dietary patterns; physical activity level; percent body fat; cardiovascular risk factors; metabolic syndrome ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BODY-COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; LABELED WATER METHOD; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB OBJECTIVE: The relative influence of dietary factors vs physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors are poorly understood. We investigated these factors in a population whose traditional diet may have both positive (high plant-based) and negative (high refined carbohydrate) aspects, and whose physical activity levels (PALs) vary widely. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 130 weight stable adults aged 35-49 y (BMI 18-35 kg/m(2)) living in urban Beijing, China. MEASUREMENTS: Dietary intake (by food frequency questionnaire), PAL as the ratio of predicted total to resting energy expenditure), percent body fat (by deuterium oxide dilution), and central adiposity (waist circumference and waist to hip ratio) were assessed. Biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoproteins A-I and B, glucose, insulin, and homocysteine and its related vitamins), blood pressure and presence of the metabolic syndrome (having greater than or equal to3 risk factors of central adiposity, HDL-C, TG, glucose, blood pressure) were also examined. RESULTS: Mean values for cardiovascular risk factors were relatively low, but 19% of subjects had the metabolic syndrome. Using validated methods for measuring food intake and energy expenditure, we found that an adverse cardiovascular risk profile was associated with a diet high in carbohydrate, low in polyunsaturated fat, and low in fruit and vegetables, independent of body fatness and its distribution. While dietary factors predicted individual cardiovascular risk factors more consistently than PAL, avoidance of low PAL reduced the risk of having the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, regardless of total body fatness and fat distribution, multiple unfavorable dietary factors and low physical activity independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle additionally reduces the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53404, F32-DK09747] NR 80 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 8 BP 920 EP 932 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802308 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 702LA UT WOS:000184224300008 PM 12861233 ER PT J AU Moore, SS Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Kneeland, J Murdoch, B Hansen, C Benkel, B AF Moore, SS Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Kneeland, J Murdoch, B Hansen, C Benkel, B TI Fine mapping of quantitative trait loci and assessment of positional candidate genes for backfat on bovine chromosome 14 in a commercial line of Bos taurus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE backfat; cattle; marker genes; quantitative trait loci ID COA-DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; BEEF; POPULATIONS; IDENTITY; MUTATION; DESCENT; CLONING AB Backfat thickness is one of the major quantitative traits that affect carcass quality in beef cattle. In this study, we have fine mapped a QTL for backfat EBV on bovine chromosome 14, using an identical-by-descent haplotype-sharing analysis, in a commercial line of Bos taurus. We also examined the association between gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of the genes diacylgcerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and thyroglobulin (TG) and the backfat EBV. The results indicate that the QTL region for backfat identified on chromosome 14 is in agreement with previous studies. However, neither of the two polymorphisms of candidate genes tested, DGAT1 nor TG, showed a significant (P > 0.10) association with the backfat EBV in the cattle populations examined. However, a strong association (P = 0.0058) was detected between, a microsatellite marker (CSSM66) lying approximately mid-way between the two candidate genes and the backfat EBV. These results suggest that other SNP of DGAT1, TG, or other gene(s) in the chromosomal region should be examined to test whether they have a significant effect on lipid metabolism. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. AAFRD, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, 4-10 Ag For Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 19 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1919 EP 1925 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YD UT WOS:000186718200005 PM 12926773 ER PT J AU Hanford, KJ Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD AF Hanford, KJ Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD TI Models with nuclear, cytoplasmic, and environmental effects for production traits of Columbia sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic inheritance; genetic-environment interaction; genetic variation; heritability ID HEREFORD CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; ANIMAL-MODEL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MILK-YIELD; INHERITANCE; VARIANCE; HOLSTEINS; SUFFOLK AB Statistical models (16) were compared for birth weight of 24,741 Columbia lambs recorded at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES; 1950 to 1998). The goal was to estimate fractions of variance due to cytoplasmic line (c(2); n = 590) and sire x cytoplasmic line interaction (sc(2); n = 12,831) with other nuclear and environmental effects included in the model. The basic model included direct genetic (fractional variance, a; n = 26,623), maternal genetic (in with direct-maternal correlation ram), and maternal permanent environmental (pm; n = 6,385) effects. The model with sc(2) was significantly (P < 0.05) better than the basic model with c 2, but with other random effects added, sc(2) became zero. Significant (P < 0.05) variance components were associated with random dam x year (dy(2)) and dam x number born (dn(2)) interaction effects. Estimates with all effects in the model were: a(2), 0.26; m(2), 0.24; r(am), -0.05; p(m)(2), 0.02; c(2), 0.00; dn(2), 0.04; dy(2), 0.08; sd(2), 0.04; sc(2), 0.00. Estimates for a(2), m(2), and r(am) were the same for all models. Estimate of pm changed when other effects were added to the model. The largest estimates for nongenetic effects were: p(m)(2), 0.06; c(2), 0.00; dy(2), 0.14; sd(2), 0.13; and sc(2), 0.04. Parameter estimates were similar regardless of whether fixed genetic groups (n = 84) were in the model. For weaning weight (120 d, n = 23,903), estimates of variances of effects added to the basic model were all near zero (a(2), 0.14; m(2), 0.09; r(am), 0.23; p(m)(2), 0.04). For fleece weight (FW, n = 29,024) and number born (NB, n = 29,688), animal permanent 2 environmental effects were added to the model (p(a)(2); n = 7,741 and 7,840) and r(am) was dropped. For these traits, effects not in the basic model had small variances. For FW, estimates with the full model were: a(2), 0.52; m(2), 0.01; p(m)(2), 0.00; p(a)(2), 0.06; c(2), 0.00; dy(2), 0.00; sd(2), 0.02; and sc(2), 0.06, and for NB they were: a(2), 0.08; m(2), 0.00; p(m)(2), 0.00; p(a)(2), 0.02; c(2), 0.00; dy(2), 0.00; sd(2), 0.00; and sc(2), 0.01. Cytoplasmic effects were not important. Unusual random effects in the model did not change estimates for basic parameters. Although some effects were significant, especially for BW, effects on genetic evaluations are likely to be small. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1926 EP 1932 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YD UT WOS:000186718200006 PM 12926774 ER PT J AU Steiner, R Vote, DJ Belk, KE Scanga, JA Wise, JW Tatum, JD Smith, GC AF Steiner, R Vote, DJ Belk, KE Scanga, JA Wise, JW Tatum, JD Smith, GC TI Accuracy and repeatability of beef carcass longissimus muscle area measurements SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; carcass grading; instrumentation; longissimus dorsi ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; YIELD; CUTS AB This study was conducted to determine the accuracy and repeatability of beef carcass longissimus muscle area (LMA) measurements obtained by three different methods. Longissimus muscle area for beef carcass sides (n = 100) randomly selected in a commercial packing plant was determined: 1) independently by three USDA grading supervisor "experts" using the grid method to obtain triplicate measurements of the same longissimus muscle (LM); 2) by three different Colorado State University personnel tracing the LMA on acetate paper and subsequently measuring the area via a polar planimeter three different times (total of 3 x 3 = 9 observations/LM); and 3) by use of two identical video image analysis (VIA) instruments making triplicate measurements for each LM using three different procedures. Video image analysis Procedure I required that LMA be measured by placing the camera head unit over the LM and collecting three sequential images without moving the camera head unit while carcasses were in a stationary position; Procedure 2 required measurement of LMA by placing the camera head unit over the LM and collecting three images, but removing and repositioning the camera head unit between collection of each image while carcasses were in a stationary position; and Procedure 3 required that LMA be measured by placing the camera head unit over the LM and obtaining an image while carcasses were in continuous motion (chain speed of 360 carcasses/ h) during three different circulations past the grading stand. Overall, VIA-derived LMA measurements were highly accurate for all three procedures compared with 2 expert-gridded (R-2 = 0.92, 0.90, and 0.84 for Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and acetate/planimeter-traced ( 2 R-2 = 0.94, 0.93, and 0.86 for Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively) LMA measurements. Instrument LMA repeatability also was comparable to expert-gridded and acetate/planimeter-traced LMA repeatability, as the means of the absolute differences between individual measurements and the average of those same measurements per LM were 1.29, 1.35, 0.52, 0.84, and 1.87 cm(2) for expert-gridded, acetate/planimeter-traced, and VIA Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Therefore, VIA instrumentation can be used to assess beef carcass LMA in both a stationary and operational scenario with high levels of accuracy and repeatability. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Livestock & Seed Program, Livestock & Meat Standardizat Branch, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 7C Anim Sci Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1980 EP 1988 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YD UT WOS:000186718200012 PM 12926780 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Yen, JT Nienaber, JA Easter, RA AF Kerr, BJ Yen, JT Nienaber, JA Easter, RA TI Influences of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation and environmental temperature on performance, body composition, organ weights and total heat production of growing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acids; growth; heat production; pigs; temperature ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-UTILIZATION; FINISHING PIGS; IDEAL PROTEIN; FEED-INTAKE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; CRUDE PROTEIN; METABOLISM; BALANCE AB The study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a 16% CP diet, a 12% CP diet, or a 12% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Trp, and Thr (12% CP + AA diet) in a thermal-neutral (23degreesC) or heat-stressed (33degreesC) environment on various body and physiological measurements in growing pigs. Heat-stressed pigs were given a 15% lower daily feed allowance than thermal-neutral pigs to remove the confounding effect of feed intake caused by high temperature. No diet x temperature interaction was observed for any variables (P greater than or equal to 0.09) except for pig activity and pancreas weight. At 33degreesC, pig activity and pancreas weight did not differ among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). In contrast, at 23degreesC, pigs fed the 12% CP diet had greater activity than those fed the 16% CP diet or the 12% CP + AA diet (P < 0.05). Pancreas weight was greater for pigs fed the 12% CP + AA diet than those fed the 12% CP diet (P < 0.05) when maintained at 23degreesC. Compared with 23degreesC, the 33degreesC temperature decreased pig activity, heat production, daily gain, feed efficiency, and affected the concentration and accretion of empty body protein and ash, as well as weights of heart, pancreas, stomach, and large intestine (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the 12% CP + AA diet attained similar levels of performance and rates of empty body water, protein, lipid, and ash deposition as pigs fed the 16% CP diet (P greater than or equal to 0.10). Pigs fed the 12% CP + AA diet had lower serum urea plus ammonia nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.01) and total heat production (P < 0.05) compared with those fed the 16% CP diet or the 12% CP diet. These results confirm that, with crystalline AA supplementation, growing pigs fed a 12% CP diet will perform similar to pigs fed a 16% CP diet. The data further indicate that lowering dietary CP and supplementing crystalline AA will decrease total heat production in growing pigs whether they are housed in a thermal-neutral or heat-stressed environment. C1 USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 42 TC 66 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1998 EP 2007 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YD UT WOS:000186718200014 PM 12926782 ER PT J AU Zhang, QL Schrader, KK ElSohly, HN Takamatsu, S AF Zhang, QL Schrader, KK ElSohly, HN Takamatsu, S TI New cell-cell adhesion inhibitors from Streptomyces sp UMA-044 SO JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS LA English DT Article ID METABOLITES; MOLECULE-1; BOHEMAMINE; SYSTEM; ICAM-1; ASSAY; LINES; LFA-1 AB Three compounds, NP25301 (1), NP25302 (2) and bohemamine (3), inhibitors of cell adhesion based on LFA-1/ICAM-1, were isolated from the cultured broth of the strain Streptomyces sp. UMA-044. New compounds 1 and 2 were identified as 2-(3'-carbamoylphenoxy)acrylic acid methyl ester and deoxybohemamine, respectively, based on spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1similar to3 inhibited adhesion of HL-60 cells to CHO-ICAM-1 cells at IC50 values of 29.5 mug/ml for 1, 24.3 mug/ml for 2, and 27.2 mug/ml for 3. C1 Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Takamatsu, S (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM stakamat@olemiss.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU JAPAN ANTIBIOT RES ASSN PI TOKYO PA 2 20 8 KAMIOSAKI SHINAGAWA KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0021-8820 J9 J ANTIBIOT JI J. Antibiot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 8 BP 673 EP 681 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 715WJ UT WOS:000184995700001 PM 14563155 ER PT J AU Skirvin, SM Marsh, SE McClaran, MP Meko, DM AF Skirvin, SM Marsh, SE McClaran, MP Meko, DM TI Climate spatial variability and data resolution in a semi-arid watershed, south-eastern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE climate; interpolation; south-western US; San Pedro River; spatial variability; geostatistics; precipitation; temperature ID MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; MULTIVARIATE GEOSTATISTICS; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; AREAL RAINFALL; INTERPOLATION; MODEL; ELEVATION; CACTI; US AB In the 10,000 km(2) San Pedro River watershed area in south-eastern Arizona, high-resolution spatial patterns of long-term precipitation and temperature were better reproduced by kriging climate data with elevation as external drift (KED) than by multiple linear regression on station location and elevation as judged by the spatial distribution of interpolation error. Mean errors were similar overall, and interpolation accuracy for both methods increased with increasing correlation between climate variables and elevation. Uncertainty in station locations had negligible effect on mean estimation error, although error for individual stations varied as much as 27%. Our future ability to examine spatial aspects of climate change at high spatial resolution will be severely limited by continuing closures of climate stations in this part of the United States. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Skirvin, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 667 EP 686 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1086 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690YB UT WOS:000183577100004 ER PT J AU van Donk, SJ Huang, XW Skidmore, EL Anderson, AB Gebhart, DL Prehoda, VE Kellogg, EM AF van Donk, SJ Huang, XW Skidmore, EL Anderson, AB Gebhart, DL Prehoda, VE Kellogg, EM TI Wind erosion from military training lands in the Mojave Desert, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE BSNE sampler; Sensit; sediment discharge; saltation ID CRYPTOGAMIC SOIL CRUSTS; DISTURBANCE; PREDICTION; RECOVERY; PARK AB Military training activities reduce vegetation cover, disturb crusts, and degrade soil aggregates, making the land more vulnerable to wind erosion. The objective of this study was to quantify wind erosion rates for typical conditions at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, CA, U.S.A. Five Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) sampler stations were installed at each of five sites. Each BSNE station consisted of five BSNE samplers with the lowest sampler at 0.05 m and the highest sampler at 1.0 m above the soil surface. Once a month, sediment was collected from the samplers for analysis. Occurrence of saltating soil aggregates was recorded every hour using Sensits, one at each site. The site with the most erosion had a sediment discharge of 311 kg m(-1) over a period of 17 months. Other sites eroded much less because of significant rock cover or the presence of a crust. Hourly sediment discharge was estimated combining hourly Sensit count and monthly sediment discharge measured using BSNE samplers. More simultaneously measured data are needed to better characterize the relationship between these two and reconstruct a detailed time-series of wind erosion. This measured time-series can then be used for comparison with simulation results from process-based wind erosion models such as the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS), once it has been adapted to the unique aspects of military lands. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Wind Erosion Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. Tierra Data Syst, Escondido, CA USA. US Marine Corps, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Ctr, Nat Res & Environm Affairs Off, Twentynine Palms, CA USA. RP van Donk, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Erosion Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 687 EP 703 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1085 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690YB UT WOS:000183577100005 ER PT J AU Singer, A Zobeck, T Poberezsky, L Argaman, E AF Singer, A Zobeck, T Poberezsky, L Argaman, E TI The PM10 and PM2.5 dust generation potential of soils/sediments in the Southern Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aral Sea Basin; dust generation; Takyr; Solonchak; soil crusts; PM10; Amu Darya delta; desiccated Aral Sea bed; Lubbock dust generator ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SOILS AB The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of the major soil/ sediment surfaces in the Southern Aral Sea Basin to the dust generation potential of this region. Eight crusts and soils/sediments from seven sites, representative of these surfaces, were sampled in the field and their major characteristics (particle size distribution, organic carbon content, carbonate content, salt content and composition) that are related to dust generation, were determined. The PM10 and PM2.5 dust generation potential of the materials was determined in the laboratory using the Lubbock Dust Generation, Analysis and Sampling System (LDGASS). The highest amount of PM10 dust (579-3 mg.m(-3)) was generated from the Takyr crust material. The lowest by one Solonchak salt crust material (39-6mg.m(-3)). Salt crusts from the desiccated Aral Sea bottom generated intermediate amounts of dust. The experimental results indicate that the Takyrs and Takyr-like soils, that occupy over 1 million ha in the Southern Aral Sea Basin, constitute the surfaces with the highest potential for being the source for the severe dust storms of the area. Second to the Takyr soils, the Solonchaks and Solonchaklike soils, also with an extent of over 1 million ha, contribute highly saline dust. To these must be added a large, as yet uncharted, proportion of the approximately 4 million ha of exposed sea bed, that exhibit Solonchak-like characteristics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Seagram Ctr Soil & Water Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. Sci Res Associates Inc, Vodproject, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan. RP Singer, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Seagram Ctr Soil & Water Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Argaman, Eli/J-2248-2014 OI Argaman, Eli/0000-0002-6766-0519 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 705 EP 728 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1084 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690YB UT WOS:000183577100006 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC Havstad, KM Peters, DPC Rango, A Schlesinger, WH AF Goslee, SC Havstad, KM Peters, DPC Rango, A Schlesinger, WH TI High-resolution images reveal rate and pattern of shrub encroachment over six decades in New Mexico, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan desert grassland; Rrosopis glandulosa; remote sensing; shrub encroachment ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; VEGETATION CHANGE; GRASSLAND; SAVANNA; PHOTOGRAPHS; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION; RECRUITMENT; PERENNIALS AB Encroachment of the shrub Prosopis glandulosa Torn (honey mesquite) into semi-arid grasslands is a serious concern in the south-western United States, yet little is known about the long-term dynamics of the invasion process. We used ten high-resolution aerial and satellite images taken from 1936 to 1996 to track the population dynamics and spatial pattern of all P glandulosa greater than 2 in in diameter on a 75 ha area in southern New Mexico. Shrub cover and patch numbers increased froth 1936 to the 1970s, then stabilized at 43% cover and 83 patches ha(-1). Individual patches were extremely persistent: 95% of the area occupied by shrub patches in 1936 was still occupied in 1996. Recruitment into the 2 in size class was more variable: 0.6-5.2% year(-1) (mean 0-8% year(-1)). Patch-shape complexity increased from 1936 to 1983 as adjacent shrubs merged, and then declined as those clusters filled in and became rounder. Spatial pattern of shrubs showed a distinct trend over time: strongly clustered in 1936 at lag distances up to 250 m, then random arrangement at all scales, and by 1983 pattern was regular at lag distances greater than 100 m. There was no clear relationship with precipitation. The use of remote sensing imagery allowed us to examine one site over time, and revealed patterns in population dynamics and spatial pattern that would not have been visible otherwise. Comparison of field estimates collected in 2001 with 1996 image data suggest that the canopy cover estimates were accurate, but shrub densities were seriously underestimated in the satellite photographs, which do not show shrubs smaller than 2 m diameter. As long as limitations of the imagery are understood, these methods can be applied over a larger and more heterogeneous area to examine environmental correlates of invasion success. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Fornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtain Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 755 EP 767 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1103 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690YB UT WOS:000183577100009 ER PT J AU Loik, ME Redar, SP AF Loik, ME Redar, SP TI Microclimate, freezing tolerance, and cold acclimation along an elevation gradient for seedlings of the Great Basin Desert shrub, Artemisia tridentata SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE air temperature; electrolyte leakage; frost; sagebrush; stress ID CLIMATE-WARMING MANIPULATION; EUCALYPTUS-PAUCIFLORA; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; WATER RELATIONS; AGAVE-DESERTI; UNITED-STATES; PLANTS; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB Vegetation, microclimate, seedling frequency, freezing tolerance, and cold acclimation were compared for seedlings of Artemisia tridentata collected from 1775, 2175, and 2575 m elevation in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Data were used to test the hypothesis that ecotypic differences in stress physiology are important for seedling survival along gradients from desert to montane ecosystems. The vegetation canopy cover and A. tridentata seedling frequency were greatest at 2575 m, compared to 1775 and 2175 m. Snow cover ameliorated temperatures near the soil surface for part of the winter and depth varied across elevations. Freezing tolerance was compared for seedlings maintained in growth chambers at day/night air temperatures. of 25degreesC/15degreesC. The temperature at which electrolyte leakage and Photosystem 11 function (F-V/F-M) from leaves were half-maximum was approximately -13 - 5degreesC for leaves of seedlings from all three elevations. Shifting day/night air temperatures from 25degreesC/15degreesC to 15degreesC/5degreesC initiated about 1-5degrees of acclimation by plants from all three altitudes, with seedlings from the highest elevation exhibiting the greatest acclimation change. Measurements of ambient air and canopy temperatures at the three elevations indicated that wintertime average low temperatures were consistent with the measured degree of freezing tolerance. At small spatial scales used in this study, pollen and seed dispersal between study sites may have precluded resolution of ecotypic differences. Patterns of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation may depend on a combination of mesoclimate and microclimate temperatures, canopy cover, snow depth, and snow melt patterns. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Forest Serv, Fawnskin, CA 92333 USA. RP Loik, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 769 EP 782 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1106 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690YB UT WOS:000183577100010 ER PT J AU Sterba, KM Mackintosh, SG Blevins, JS Hurlburt, BK Smeltzer, MS AF Sterba, KM Mackintosh, SG Blevins, JS Hurlburt, BK Smeltzer, MS TI Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus SarA binding sites SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE DETERMINANT PRODUCTION; GENE REGULATOR AGR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-A; LOCUS; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; CLONING; RNAIII; TRANSDUCTION AB The staphylococcal accessory regulator locus (sarA) encodes a DNA-binding protein (SarA) that modulates expression of over 100 genes. Whether this occurs via a direct interaction between SarA and cis elements associated with its target genes is unclear, partly because the definitive characteristics of a SarA binding site have not been identified. In this work, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to identify a SarA binding site(s) upstream of the SarA-regulated gene cna. The results suggest the existence of multiple high-affinity binding sites within the cna promoter region. Using a SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) procedure and purified, recombinant SarA, we also selected DNA targets that contain a high-affinity SarA binding site from a random pool of DNA fragments. These fragments were subsequently cloned and sequenced. Randomly chosen clones were also examined by EMSA. These DNA fragments bound SarA with affinities comparable to those of recognized SarA-regulated genes, including cna, fnbA, and sspA. The composition of SarA-selected DNAs was AT rich, which is consistent with the nucleotide composition of the Staphylococcus aureus genome. Alignment of selected DNAs revealed a 7-by consensus (ATTTTAT) that was present with no more than one mismatch in 46 of 56 sequenced clones. By using the same criteria, consensus binding sites were also identified upstream of the S. aureus genes spa, fnbA, sspA, agr, hla, and cna. With the exception of cna, which has not been previously examined, this 7-bp motif was within the putative SarA binding site previously associated with each gene. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Smeltzer, MS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mail Slot 511, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43356, R01 AI043356] NR 38 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 185 IS 15 BP 4410 EP 4417 DI 10.1128/JB.185.15.4410.4417.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 702RT UT WOS:000184237800014 PM 12867449 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Kagan, IA Rimando, AM AF Dayan, FE Kagan, IA Rimando, AM TI Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of the allelochemical sorgoleone using retrobiosynthetic NMR analysis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANT O-METHYLTRANSFERASES; NATURAL-PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; STRIGA-ASIATICA; ROOT EXUDATE; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES; RESORCINOLIC LIPIDS; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; DEVELOPING SEEDS AB NMR analyses of the labeling pattern obtained using various (13)C-labeled precursors indicated that both the lipid tail and the quinone head of sorgoleone, the main allelopathic component of the oily root exudate of Sorghum bicolor, were derived from acetate units, but that the two moieties were synthesized in different subcellular compartments. The 16:3 fatty acid precursor of the tail is synthesized by the combined action of fatty-acid synthase and desaturases most likely in the plastids. It is then exported out of the plastids and converted to 5-pentadecatriene resorcinol by a polyketide synthase. This resorcinol intermediate was identified in root hair extracts. The lipid resorcinol intermediate is then methylated by a S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase and subsequently dihydroxylated by a P450 monooxygenase to yield the reduced form of sorgoleone. C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 54 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 31 BP 28607 EP 28611 DI 10.1074/jbc.M304185200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 705XC UT WOS:000184421100034 PM 12771136 ER PT J AU Nagaoka, K Nojima, H Watanabe, F Chang, KT Christenson, RK Sakai, S Imakawa, K AF Nagaoka, K Nojima, H Watanabe, F Chang, KT Christenson, RK Sakai, S Imakawa, K TI Regulation of blastocyst migration, apposition, and initial adhesion by a chemokine, interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10), during early gestation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INTEGRIN EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; IMPLANTATION; TROPHOBLAST; PREGNANCY; UTERUS; MOUSE; TAU; ESTABLISHMENT AB For a pregnancy to be established, initial apposition and adhesion of the blastocyst to maternal endometrium must occur in a coordinated manner; however, a key factor(s) that mediates the trophoblast cell migration and attachment to the apical surface of the endometrium has not been identified. In this study, we examined the effect of an endometrial chemokine, interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10), on conceptus migration to the endometrial epithelium. We first studied endometrial IP-10 mRNA expression, which was localized in the subepithelial stromal region, and detected the protein in the uterine flushing media during early pregnancy. Expression of IP-10 mRNA by the endometrium of cyclic animals was stimulated by the addition of a conceptus factor interferon-tau (IFN-tau). Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that IP-10 receptor, CXCR3, was localized in the trophoblast cells, to which biotinylated-recombinant caprine IP-10 (rcIP-10) bound. Chemotaxis assay indicated that rcIP-10 stimulated the migration of trophoblast cells, and the effects of rcIP-10 were neutralized by the pretreatment with an anti-IP-10 antibody. Adhesive activity of trophoblast cells to fibronectin was promoted by rcIP-10, and the effect was inhibited by the use of anti-IP-10 antibody. Further adhesion experiments demonstrated that binding of trophoblast cells to fibronectin was completely inhibited by a peptide of the Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) sequence, which binds to integrins alpha(5)beta(1), alpha(V)beta(1), alpha(V)beta(3), and alpha(V)beta(5), whereas non-binding peptide containing Arg-Gly-Glu(RGE) had minimal effects. More importantly, rcIP-10 promoted the adhesion of trophoblast cells to primary cells isolated from endometrial epithelium. Furthermore, rcIP-10 stimulated the expression of integrin alpha(5), alpha(V), and beta(3) subunit mRNA in trophoblast cells. These findings suggest that endometrial IP-10 regulates the establishment of apical interactions between trophoblast and epithelial cells during early gestation. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Higeta Shoyu Co Ltd, R&D Dept, Chiba 2888680, Japan. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon 305333, South Korea. ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RI Nagaoka, Kentaro/C-2019-2013 OI Nagaoka, Kentaro/0000-0003-1038-1380 NR 44 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 31 BP 29048 EP 29056 DI 10.1074/M300470200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 705XC UT WOS:000184421100087 PM 12756249 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Kuhajek, JM Sturtz, GD Wedge, DE AF Meepagala, KM Kuhajek, JM Sturtz, GD Wedge, DE TI Vulgarone B, the antifungal constituent in the steam-distilled fraction of Artemisia douglasiana SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal activity; vulgarone B; bioautography; Artemisia douglasiana; microtiter assay; alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Botrytis cinerea ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; ESSENTIAL OIL; ASTERACEAE; ANTHRACNOSE AB Antifungal activity of the steam distilled essential oil fraction of Artemisia douglasiana was detected by bioautography on silica gel TLC plates against three Colletotrichum spp. The active principle was isolated by bioassay-directed fractionation using column chromatography followed by crystallization and was characterized as vulgarone B by H-1 and C-13 NMR and GC-MS. Antifungal activity of vulgarone B was further evaluated using 96-well microtiter assay against Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, and Botrytis cinerea. In addition, the antifungal activity of vulgarone B and verbenone, and their corresponding alcohols was tested by bioautography and microtiter assay. Structure-activity studies revealed that the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl functionality is a prerequisite for the antifungal activity of these mono and sesquiterpene ketones. This is the first report of antifungal activity of vulgarone B. The yield of essential oil from A. douglasiana is about 0.6-0.8% by weight of the dry material, including plant stems. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Aromagen, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Meepagala, KM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1771 EP 1780 DI 10.1023/A:1024842009802 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703KX UT WOS:000184279500004 PM 12956506 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Aldrich, JR AF Zhang, QH Aldrich, JR TI Pheromones of milkweed bugs (Heteroptera : Lygaeidae) attract wayward plant bugs: Phytocoris mirid sex pheromone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Miridae; Phytocoris; milkweed bug; sex pheromone; sex-attractant; metathoracic scent gland; hexyl acetate; (E)-2-hexenyl acetate; (E)-2-octenyl acetate; (E,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate; cross-attraction ID CAMPYLOMMA-VERBASCI HETEROPTERA; MEYER HETEROPTERA; MULLEIN BUG; IDENTIFICATION; ALYDIDAE AB The synthetic aggregation pheromone of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Lygaeinae), also attracted males of the plant bug, Phytocoris difficilis Knight (Miridae). Field testing partial blends against the six-component blend comprising the Oncopeltus pheromone showed that cross-attraction of P. difficilis males was due to synergism between (E)-2-octenyl acetate and (E ,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate. Hexyl acetate was abundant in the metathoracic scent gland (MSG) secretion of P. difficilis males, but because female P. difficilis could not initially be found in the field, further combinatorial tests were guided by prior research on the pheromones of two Phytocoris species in the western United States. The combination of hexyl, (E)-2-hexenyl, and (E)-2-octenyl acetates was as attractive to P. difficilis males as the milkweed bug pheromone, yet no milkweed bugs were drawn to this blend. Gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection (EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric (MS) analyses of female P. difficilis MSGs determined that their secretion contained predominantly hexyl, (E)-2-hexenyl, and (E)-2-octenyl acetates ( all strongly EAD-active)-the latter two compounds found only in trace amounts from males-plus five minor female-specific compounds, three of which were EAD-active. (E, E)-2,4-Hexadienyl acetate was not detected from P. difficilis females or males. The blend of the three major components, hexyl, (E)-2-hexenyl, and (E)-2-octenyl acetates (2:1.5:1 by volume), was as attractive as the blend of all six EAD-active compounds identified from females, indicating that this ternary blend constitutes the sex pheromone of P. difficilis. Hexyl acetate with (E)-2-octenyl acetate also attracted males of another species, P. breviusculus Reuter, but addition of (E)-2-hexenyl acetate and/or (E, E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate inhibited attraction of P. breviusculus males. Attraction of P. difficilis males occurred mainly during the first half of scotophase. The possible neurophysiological basis for this asymmetrical cross-attraction is discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, B-007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1835 EP 1851 DI 10.1023/A:1024850211619 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703KX UT WOS:000184279500008 PM 12956510 ER PT J AU Bertin, C Paul, RN Duke, SO Weston, LA AF Bertin, C Paul, RN Duke, SO Weston, LA TI Laboratory assessment of the allelopathic effects of fine leaf fescues SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; fine leaf fescues; root exudates; weed suppressive ability; cultivar dependant ID TALL FESCUE; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; COVER CROP; GROWTH; ALLELOCHEMICALS; ENDOPHYTE; WHEAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GERMINATION AB Laboratory screening studies were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of fine leaf fescues. Of the seven accessions selected from prior field evaluations for weed-suppressive ability, all inhibited root growth of large crabgrass and curly cress in laboratory assays. Grown in agar as a growth medium and in the presence of living fescue seedlings for 14 or 21 days, test species were sensitive depending on the fescue cultivars. Growth inhibition increased when fescue was grown for increasing periods of time in agar. Seedling fescues produced significant quantities of bioactive root exudates, which were released into the agar medium. Bioactive root exudates were extracted from living fescue roots by using methylene chloride. Shoot tissue was extracted in water and the aqueous extract was partitioned against hexane, ethyl acetate, and methylene chloride. Extracts were tested for inhibitory activity on seedling growth as measured by inhibition of curly cress germination and radicle elongation. Root exudates were more toxic (70% inhibition) than shoot extracts (up 40% inhibition), when formulated at 0.25 mg/ml concentration. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were utilized in an attempt to identify the cellular location of production of secondary products contained in bioactive root exudates. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that the exudate is produced in actively dividing tips of fibrous root cells. The mode of release of these exudates into the environment remains unknown. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Bertin, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1919 EP 1937 DI 10.1023/A:1024810630275 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703KX UT WOS:000184279500013 PM 12956515 ER PT J AU Turpin, EA Lauer, DC Swayne, DE AF Turpin, EA Lauer, DC Swayne, DE TI Development and evaluation of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of avian metapneumovirus type C-specific antibodies in multiple domestic avian species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; PNEUMOVIRUS ANTIBODIES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MATRIX PROTEIN; CHICKENS; NUCLEOTIDE; PHEASANTS; DISTINCT; DISEASE; GEESE AB The first cases of infection caused by avian metapneumoviruses (aMPVs) were described in turkeys with respiratory disease in South Africa during 1978. The causative agent was isolated and identified as a pneumovirus in 1986. aMPVs have been detected in domestic nonpoultry species in Europe, but tests for the detection of these viruses are not available in the United States. To begin to understand the potential role of domestic ducks and geese and wild waterfowl in the epidemiology of aMPV, we have developed and evaluated a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) for the detection of aMPV type C (aMPV-C)-specific antibodies. This assay method overcomes the species-specific platform of indirect ELISAs to allow detection of aMPV-C-specific antibodies from potentially any avian species. The bELISA was initially tested with experimental turkey serum samples, and the results were found to correlate with those of virus neutralization assays and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). One thousand serum samples from turkey flocks in Minnesota were evaluated by our bELISA, and the level of agreement of the results of the bELISA and those of the iELISA was 94.9%. In addition, we were able to show that the bELISA could detect aMPV-C-specific antibodies from experimentally infected ducks, indicating its usefulness for the screening of serum samples from multiple avian species. This is the first diagnostic assay for the detection of aMPV-C-specific antibodies from multiple avian species in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Minnesota Poultry Testing Lab, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 3579 EP 3583 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3579-3583.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711MW UT WOS:000184746500019 PM 12904358 ER PT J AU Futse, JE Ueti, MW Knowles, DP Palmer, GH AF Futse, JE Ueti, MW Knowles, DP Palmer, GH TI Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Boophilus microplus: Retention of vector competence in the absence of vector-pathogen interaction SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CATTLE; TICK TRANSMISSION; SALIVARY-GLANDS; RICKETTSEMIA; ACARI; RESISTANCE; VARIANTS; EPITOPE; MIDGUT AB Whether arthropod vectors retain competence for transmission of infectious agents in the long-term absence of vector-pathogen interaction is unknown. We addressed this question by quantifying the vector competence of two tick vectors, with mutually exclusive tropical- versus temperate-region distributions, for genetically distinct tropical- and temperate-region strains of the cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale. The tropical cattle tick Boophilus microplus, which has been eradicated from the continental United States for over 60 years, was able to acquire and transmit the temperate St. Maries (Idaho) strain of A. marginale. Similarly, the temperate-region tick Dermacentor andersoni efficiently acquired and transmitted the Puerto Rico strain of A. marginale. There were no significant quantitative differences in infection rate or number of organisms per tick following feeding on cattle with persistent infections of either A. marginale strain. In contrast, the significantly enhanced replication of the Puerto Rico strain in the salivary gland of B. microplus at the time of transmission feeding is consistent with adaptation of a pathogen strain to its available vector. However, the transmission of both strains by B. microplus demonstrates that adaptation or continual interaction between the pathogen and vector is not required for retention of vector competence. Importantly, the results clearly show that reestablishment of acaricide-resistant B. microplus in the United States would be associated with A. marginale transmission. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, 402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI44005, R01 AI044005] NR 32 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 3829 EP 3834 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3829-3834.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711MW UT WOS:000184746500057 PM 12904396 ER PT J AU Kurtovic, A Jarvis, GN Mantovani, HC Russell, JB AF Kurtovic, A Jarvis, GN Mantovani, HC Russell, JB TI Ability of lysozyme and 2-deoxyglucose to differentiate human and bovine Streptococcus bovis strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPOTEICHOIC ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; ORIGINS; SYSTEM; LYSIS; COLON AB Human and bovine Streptococcus bovis strains had the same 16S ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism and often had the same patterns of starch, mannitol, lactose, and raffinose utilization. PCRs of BOX sequences differed, but numerical analyses indicated that some human strains clustered with bovine strains. However, human and bovine strains had distinctly different sensitivities to lysozyme and 2-deoxyglucose. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, 157 Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Mantovani, Hilario/J-5287-2012 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 3951 EP 3954 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3951-3954.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711MW UT WOS:000184746500088 PM 12904427 ER PT J AU Tshabalala, MA Gangstad, JE AF Tshabalala, MA Gangstad, JE TI Accelerated weathering of wood surfaces coated with multifunctional alkoxysilanes by sol-gel deposition SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE; CHROMIUM; SILANES; CHEMISTRY; STEEL; FILMS AB Accelerated weathering of wood surfaces coated with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMOS) in the presence of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) by the sol-gel process was investigated. The sol-gel process allowed the deposition of a covalently bound thin layer of polysiloxane networks on the wood surface that was resistant to water sorption and water leaching. the rate of weight loss resulting from surface erosion and the extent of surface color loss caused by photo-induced discoloration were decreased for coated specimens compared to uncoated specimens. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Tshabalala, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 USA SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 75 IS 943 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1007/BF02730098 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 711VD UT WOS:000184761000009 ER PT J AU DiStefano, RJ Gale, CM Wagner, BA Zweifel, RD AF DiStefano, RJ Gale, CM Wagner, BA Zweifel, RD TI A sampling method to assess lotic crayfish communities SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-CLAWED CRAYFISH; LIFE-HISTORY; AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS-PALLIPES; PARANEPHROPS PLANIFRONS; STREAM CRAYFISH; ONTARIO LAKES; HABITAT USE; BODY-SIZE; POPULATIONS; DENSITY AB Crayfish are widely recognized as an important ecological component of stream systems, but there has been limited work to develop and evaluate the reliability of sampling methods for lotic crayfishes, especially efforts that are temporally and spatially comprehensive. We desired a quantitative method to assess crayfish communities in streams with rocky substrate. Our objective was to develop a method to obtain and compare representative density estimates with acceptable variance and reasonable effort, and to illustrate use of the method by using it to 1) describe and compare diurnal habitat associations by lotic crayfish, and 2) detect density changes over time. Our study encompassed four sites on two rivers, two seasons, and 8 y (1991-1998) to evaluate a 1-m(2) quadrat sampler, and a sampling method that stratified effort among five macrohabitats to reduce variability. This method performed well for both seasons, detecting spatial differences among macrohabitats and temporal differences among years. Spatial differences were expressed as macrohabitat selectivity by the crayfish community, and showed a consistent trend across streams and seasons. In particular, macrohabitats with slower current velocities consistently had the highest densities. Temporal differences included documentation of decreased densities in several macrohabitats across 5 y. Sampling precision, measured by coefficients of variation, was acceptable but not considered high. Statistical power was good for detecting spatial differences, but reduced and variable for detecting temporal changes. Our findings 1) demonstrate the use of stratifying quantitative sampling for lotic crayfish communities by habitats, 2) confirm the importance of evaluating sampling methods, and 3) illustrate the consistent way in which Ozarks crayfish communities used available macrohabitats. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Epidemiol Studies, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP DiStefano, RJ (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 678 EP 690 DI 10.1651/C-2364 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 703RZ UT WOS:000184295900014 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Philpot, JC AF Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Philpot, JC TI Technical note: Detection and adjustment of abnormal test-day yields SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE test day; abnormal yield; outlier detection; yield adjustment AB A method to detect and to adjust or exclude abnormally low or high milk, fat, and protein yields on test-day (TD) was developed. Predicted TD yield is calculated based on preceding and subsequent ( if available) TD yields. Observed TD yields that are < 60% or > 150% of predicted TD yield are defined as abnormal. Most abnormal yields are adjusted to this floor or ceiling, but some are excluded. Yields of < 4.5 kg that are identified as from a cow that was sick or that are less than half the mean of adjacent tests are excluded as are yields of > 59 kg above predicted yield. Lactation yields are calculated from the restricted TD yields. When this procedure was applied to 2002 data, 1.8% of milk, 2.4% of fat, and 1.6% of protein yields on TD were below the acceptance range and 0.1% of milk and protein and 0.8% of fat were above. Predicted TD yield was calculated as preceding TD yield plus preceding test interval multiplied by daily yield change ( slope) based on days in milk ( DIM), DIM2, previous normal TD yield, and interaction between DIM and previous TD yield. To accommodate changes in slope at peak yield, separate coefficients were estimated for < 50 and &GE; 50 DIM. Herd mean was used when only one TD was recorded for a cow ( or when two were recorded and the second was designated as abnormal based on the first) and to determine an acceptable range for component percentages. Predicted TD yield for first TD was based on subsequent rather than previous normal TD. To test the adjustments, lactation records with one abnormal TD yield or more were matched with subsequent lactation records. Correlation between consecutive lactations increased from 0.692 to 0.693 for milk ( 561,063 lactation pairs), from 0.653 to 0.660 for fat ( 951,387 lactation pairs), and from 0.686 to 0.694 for protein ( 488,653 lactation pairs). Outlier adjustment improved the correlation between consecutive lactation yields and is applied routinely to TD records of cows for calvings since 1997. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2721 EP 2724 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73868-5 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 705TK UT WOS:000184411000026 PM 12939097 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR AF Behle, RW Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR TI Field activity and storage stability of Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfMNPV) in spray-dried lignin-based formulations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anagrapha falcifera nuclear polyhedrovirus; shelf-life; spray dry; lignin; microencapsulation ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MICROBIAL CONTROL; INCLUSION-BODIES; GYPSY-MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PERSISTENCE; PYRALIDAE; AGENTS AB A multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) has potential to be developed into a microbial bioinsecticide because the host range includes several economic pests. We tested spray-dried AfMNPV formulations after storage for insecticidal activity based on bioassays with neonate Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Eight experimental lignin-based spray-dried formulations, a glycerin-based formulation, and an unformulated sample were made with virus stock from three commercial production lots. Samples of these formulations were stored at 30degreesC in individually sealed sample containers for destructive sampling after 1, 3, and 6 mo whereas the remaining product was stored in glass jars under refrigeration for up to 30mo. Spray drying did not significantly reduce the initial LC(50)s of AfMNPV in experimental formulations compared with unformulated virus that was not spray dried. Refrigerated storage for 6 mo did not significantly lower virus activity of formulated samples compared with the unformulated AfMNPV stored frozen, while samples stored for 30 mo had higher LC50 values determined by both droplet and leaf feeding assays. When stored at 30degreesC, most formulations (22 of 24) maintained insecticidal activity for 3 mo, but most (21 of 24) lost significant activity after 6 mo of storage. The glycerin-based formulation also lost activity within 6 mo of storage at 30degreesC when compared with frozen unformulated virus, but did not lose activity when stored refrigerated for up to 30 mo. These formulations were evaluated after 7 mo at 4degreesC for residual insecticidal activity when applied to field grown cabbage. Insecticidal activity was determined against T. ni neonates for treated leaf samples collected at 3, 7, 27, and 51 h after application of 2.5 x 10(12) obs/ha. Field tests showed no differences in activity among samples of stored formulations and one freshly made formulation. Spray-dried formulations had significantly higher insecticidal activity (67.5% mortality) compared with the unformulated treatment (30% mortality) sampled 3 h after application. At 3, 7, and 27 h after application, the spray-dried formulations had higher residual activity (67%, 59%, and 42% mortality, respectively), compared with the commercial glycerin-based formulation (61%, 38%, and 23% mortality, respectively). These experiments demonstrated that AfMNPV in lignin-based spray-dried formulations had a shelf-life of up to 3 mo at 30degreesC and up to 30 mo at 4degreesC, and with longer residual insecticidal activity in the field compared with unformulated or a glycerin formulation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UANL, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dep Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66451, NL, Mexico. Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1075 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1066 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100006 PM 14503576 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB Jones, WA James, RR AF Kanga, LHB Jones, WA James, RR TI Field trials using the fungal pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes : Hyphomycetes) to control the Ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Acari : Varroidae) in honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera : Apidae) colonies SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; Metarhizium anisopliae; biological control; application methods ID JACOBSONI ACARI; ACARAPIS-WOODI; FORMIC-ACID; POTENTIAL CONTROL; PARASITIC MITES; ESSENTIAL OILS; CONTROL AGENTS; WORKER BROOD; RESISTANCE; FLUVALINATE AB The potential for Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) to control the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) in honey bee colonies was evaluated in field trials against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (Apistan). Peak mortality of V. destructor occurred 3-4 d after the conidia were applied; however, the mites were still infected 42 d posttreatments. Two application methods were tested: dusts and strips coated with the fungal conidia, and both methods resulted in successful control of mite populations. The fungal treatments were as effective as the Apistan, at the end of the 42-d period of the experiment. The data suggested that optimum mite control could be achieved when no brood is being produced, or when brood production is low, such as in the early spring or late fall. M. anisoplide was harmless to the honey bees (adult bees, or brood) and colony development was not affected. Mite mortality was highly correlated with mycosis in dead mites collected from sticky traps, indicating that the fungus was infecting and killing the mites. Because workers and drones drift between hives, the adult bees were able to spread the fungus between honey bee colonies in the apiary, a situation that could be beneficial to beekeepers. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 26 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1099 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1091 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100009 PM 14503579 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, YB TI Effects of vacuum and controlled atmosphere treatments on insect mortality and lettuce quality SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE controlled atmosphere; vacuum; postharvest pest control; postharvest quality; lettuce ID THRIPS OBSCURATUS THYSANOPTERA; LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BROWN STAIN; POSTHARVEST DISINFESTATION; QUARANTINE CONTROL; HEAD LETTUCE; PRESSURE; STORAGE; VEGETABLES AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of vacuum and controlled atmosphere on mortality of aphids, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and leafminer, Liriomyza langei Frick, and on the visual quality of iceberg lettuce at three different temperatures. Vacuum at 50 mbar and controlled atmosphere with 6% CO2 were effective in controlling aphids and leafminer larvae. Complete control of N. ribisnigi and M. euphorbiae was achieved with vacuum treatments and 6% CO2 CA treatments at 5degreesC in 4 d. Mortality was >96% when leafminer larvae were treated with vacuum and 6% CO2 CA treatments for 4 d. However, leafminer pupae were more tolerant to the treatments and highest mortality was close to 60% in 4 d with CO2 under vacuum. None of the treatments had negative effects on visual quality of iceberg lettuce. Results from this study are encouraging and warrant further and large-scale research. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1100 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100010 PM 14503580 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Rendon, P Hernandez, E Salgado, S McInnis, D Villalobos, E Liedo, P AF Shelly, TE Rendon, P Hernandez, E Salgado, S McInnis, D Villalobos, E Liedo, P TI Effects of diet, ginger root oil, and elevation on the mating competitiveness of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) from a mass-reared, genetic sexing strain in Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; sterile insect technique; mating competitiveness ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COPULA DURATION; ALPHA-COPAENE; EXPOSURE; STERILE; LONGEVITY; PROGRAMS; BEHAVIOR AB The release of sterile males is a key component of an areawide program to eradicate the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from Guatemala and southern Mexico. The objective of our study was to assess the effects of adult diet, exposure to ginger root oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), and elevation on the mating competitiveness of the sterile males used in an areawide program. Sterile males were maintained on a protein-sugar (protein-fed) or a sugar-only (protein-deprived) diet and were exposed (for 4 h 1 d before testing) or not exposed to ginger root oil. In field-cage trials conducted at a high (1,500 m) and low (700 m) site, we monitored the influence of these treatments on the mating success of sterile males in competition with wild males (reared exclusively on the protein-sugar diet and without ginger root oil exposure) for wild females. Elevation and ginger root oil exposure had significant effects, with sterile males having higher mating success at the low-elevation site and ginger root oil-exposed males having greater success than ginger root oil-deprived males at both sites. Diet did not have a significant overall effect, and its influence varied with elevation (dietary protein seemed to provide an advantage at the high-elevation site but not at the low-elevation site). Possible implications of these findings for eradication programs against the Mediterranean fruit fly are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Amer Embassy, USDA, APHIS, Methods Dev Sect, APO, AA 34024 USA. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. USDA ARS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RI Liedo, Pablo/E-9313-2010; OI Liedo, Pablo/0000-0002-0004-1721; HERNANDEZ, EMILIO/0000-0002-1011-3637 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1141 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1132 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100014 PM 14503584 ER PT J AU Hammack, L Ellsbury, MM Roehrdanz, RL Pikul, JL AF Hammack, L Ellsbury, MM Roehrdanz, RL Pikul, JL TI Larval sampling and instar determination in field populations of northern and western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica barbeii; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; corn rootworm; larval instar determination; larval sampling ID EGGS; INFESTATIONS AB Abundance and head capsule width were measured for northern (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) and western corn rootworm (D. virgifera virgifera LeConte) larvae recovered primarily from maize root systems but also from large soil cores each centered around a root system. Larvae for measurement derived from field populations under infestation and rotation regimes that allowed most specimens to be assigned to species. A frequency distribution of head capsule widths indicated three separate peaks for western corn rootworm, presumably representing frequency of the three larval instars, with no larvae measuring 280 or 420 mum in the valleys between peaks. Multiple normal curves fit to similar but partially overlapping peaks generated by northern corn rootworm suggested that division of first to second and second to third instar can best be made for this species at 267 and 406 mum, respectively (270 and 410 when measurements are made to the nearest 20 mum). These results implied that instar of individuals from mixed northern and western corn rootworm populations can be accurately judged from head capsule width without having to determine species. The relative abundance of western corn rootworm instars was similar in root systems removed from the center of 19-cm diameter x 19-cm deep soil cores and in soil cores from which the root systems were removed. Furthermore, the number of larvae from root systems correlated significantly with that from the surrounding soil. These results indicated that the former and much more convenient sampling unit can be used to estimate population developmental stage and possibly density, at least early in the season when these tests were done and young larvae predominated. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hammack, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 33 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1159 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1153 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100016 PM 14503586 ER PT J AU Begna, SH Fielding, DJ AF Begna, SH Fielding, DJ TI Damage potential of grasshoppers (Orthoptera : Acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Melanoplus sanguinipes; small-grains; oilseed crop; grasshopper density; above- and below-ground growth ID ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; FEEDING RATES; ROOT SYSTEMS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DEFOLIATION; CROPS; CONSUMPTION; CULTIVARS AB We characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and canola (Brassica campestris L.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central Alaska. Cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar Melanoplus sanguinipes F. pot(-1). Plants were harvested 22 d after planting. Stem growth of barley and oats was not affected except at the highest grasshopper treatment. In canola, stem biomass was reduced at the medium and high grasshopper treatments, when most of the leaves had been consumed. The highest grasshopper treatment reduced leaf area in barley and oats by approximate to55%, and caused a significant reduction in dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots (41-72%). Wheat and canola plants were smaller than barley and oats across all treatments and, at the highest grasshopper density, above-ground portions of wheat and canola were completely destroyed. Length and surface area of roots of barley and oats were reduced by 20-28% again at the highest grasshopper density, whereas the reduction for wheat and canola ranged from 50 to 90%. There was little or no difference among all grasshopper densities for C-N ratio in leaf and stem tissues of all crops. The results suggest that wheat and canola are more susceptible than barley and oats and that densities greater than or equal to2 pot(-1) (approximate togreater than or equal to50 m(-2)) of even very small grasshoppers could cause significant damage in small-grain and oilseed crop production. C1 USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Begna, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1200 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1193 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100021 PM 14503591 ER PT J AU Reitz, SR Yearby, EL Funderburk, JE Stavisky, J Momol, MT Olson, SM AF Reitz, SR Yearby, EL Funderburk, JE Stavisky, J Momol, MT Olson, SM TI Integrated management tactics for Frankliniella thrips (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) in field-grown pepper SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella; Orius insidiosus; Geocoris punctipes; UV reflective mulch; spinosad ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; SPOTTED WILT VIRUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PREDATORY BUG; TOMATO; ANTHOCORIDAE; HEMIPTERA; RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; EGGPLANT AB In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers. Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with standard black plastic mulch. This difference diminished as the growing seasons progressed. Late season abundance of thrips larvae was higher in UV reflective mulch compared with black mulch plots. The abundance of the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly lower in UV-reflective mulch compared with black mulch treatments. Infection of plants with tomato spotted wilt virus, a pathogen vectored by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), was <6%. In the year with the higher disease incidence (2000), UV-reflective mulch plots had significantly less disease (1.9%) compared with black mulch plots (4.4%). Yield was significantly higher in UV-reflective mulch (24,529 kg/ha) compared with black mulch (15,315 kg/ha) during this year. Effects of insecticides varied with species of thrips. Spinosad reduced abundance of E occidentalis, but not Frankliniella tritici. In contrast, esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of F tritici and Frankliniella bispinosa, but resulted in higher populations of E occidentalis. Spinosad was the least disruptive insecticide to populations of O. insidiosus. Releases of O. insidiosus and Geocoris punctipes (Say) reduced populations of thrips immediately after releases; naturally occurring predators probably provided late season control of thrips. Our results suggest that UV-reflective mulch, combined with early season applications of spinosad, can effectively reduce abundance of thrips in field-grown pepper. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Biol Control, 310 Perry Paige Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 19 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1214 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1201 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100022 PM 14503592 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ Ems-Wilson, J AF Peterson, CJ Ems-Wilson, J TI Catnip essential oil as a barrier to subterranean termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nepetalactone; catnip; termite; soil barrier; Reticulitermes ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES KOLLAR; TERMITICIDAL APPLICATION RATES; SOIL TERMITICIDES; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DEGRADATION; TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; REPELLENT; SPINOSAD AB The essential oil of catnip, Nepeta cataria (Lamiacae) was evaluated for behavioral effects on two populations of subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and R. virginicus (Banks) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The catnip essential oil contained approximate to36: 64 E,Z-nepetalactone and Z,E-nepetalactone, respectively. The time to 50% dissipation (DT50) of the isomers in sand was dependent on dose, and ranged from 5.7 to 12.6 d for the E,Z-isomer and 7.7-18.6 d for the Z,E-isomer. For R. flavipes, the 24-h topical LD50 value was approximate to8200 mug/g termite. The 24-h fumigation LC50 value for R. flavipes was between 36 and 73 mug/ml air, and the 7-d fumigation LC50 value was between 14 and 36 mug/ml air. Exposure of R. virginicus to treated sand resulted in a 24-h LC50 value (95% F.L.) of 84 (67.6, 112) mug/cm(2) and a 7-d LC50 value of 21.1 (16.4, 26.8) mug/cm(2); for R. flavipes these values were 63.2 (53.7, 73.9) and 44.4 (34.6, 58.1) mug/cm(2), respectively. Vertical tunneling through treated sand was eliminated at 500 ppm for R. virginicus and at 250 ppm for R. flavipes. Horizontal tunneling was stopped at 250 ppm for R. virginicus and reduced at doses above 250 ppm for R. flavipes. Although tunneling ceased in these tests, mortality was not high, indicating that the termites avoided the treated sand. Efficacy of catnip oil was equivalent to other monoterpenoids reported in the literature. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1275 EP 1282 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1275 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100031 PM 14503601 ER PT J AU Li, AY Dennehy, TJ Nichols, RL AF Li, AY Dennehy, TJ Nichols, RL TI Baseline susceptibility and development of resistance to pyriproxyfen in Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : aleyrodidae) in Arizona SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyriproxyfen; insect growth regulator (IGR); whitefly; Bemisia; resistance ID POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; SWEET-POTATO; MANAGING RESISTANCE; TABACI; MANAGEMENT AB Pyriproxyfen (Knack) was registered in Arizona cotton, as the crucial component of a resistance management plan, to control whitefly Bemisia argentifolii (Bellows & Perring) in 1996. A statewide monitoring program was implemented at the same time to detect and monitor whitefly resistance to this novel insecticide. Bioassays involving dipping of leaves infested with whitefly eggs showed that all Arizona whiteflies tested were highly susceptible to pyriproxyfen in 1996. The LC50 estimates were in the range of 0.0020-0.0067 mug (AI)/ml. Two diagnostic pyriproxyfen concentrations, 0.01 and 0.1 mug (AI)/ml, were established for efficient identification of resistant whiteflies. No resistance to pyriproxyfen was detected in whiteflies in statewide surveys conducted in 1997 and 1998. Mean mortality at 0.01 mug (AI)/ml dropped significantly, and survivors were detected for the first time at 0.1 mug (AI)/ml in 1999, the fourth year of use of pyriproxyfen in Arizona cotton. Among the five cotton locations monitored each year since 1996, four of them had whiteflies with significantly reduced susceptibility to pyriproxyfen in 1999. Similarly, reduced susceptibility to pyriproxyfen was detected in whiteflies collected from fall melons and greenhouses in 1999. Although there have been no reports of field failures of pyriproxyfen in Arizona cotton, the reduced susceptibility of whiteflies from statewide survey in 1999 was significant. The results may indicate the development of an early stage of resistance to pyriproxyfen, and the findings should serve as early warning and substantiation of the high resistance risk of pyriproxyfen. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Extens Arthropod Resistance Management Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1307 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100035 PM 14503605 ER PT J AU Malik, R Smith, CM Brown-Guedira, GL Harvey, TL Gill, BS AF Malik, R Smith, CM Brown-Guedira, GL Harvey, TL Gill, BS TI Assessment of Aegilops tauschii for resistance to biotypes of wheat curl mite (Acari : Eriophyidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aceria tosichella; Aegilops tauschii; Triticum aestivum; plant resistance ID TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; HESSIAN FLY; COMMON WHEAT; GENES; RECOMBINATION; INHERITANCE AB Aegilops tauschii, the wild diploid D-genome progenitor of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is an important source of resistance to several arthropod pests and pathogens. A total of 108 Ae, tauschii accessions from different geographic regions were evaluated for resistance to biotypes of the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, from Kansas, Nebraska, and Montana. The wheat curl mite is the only vector known to transmit wheat streak mosaic virus. Wheat curl mite resistance was detected in germplasm from all the geographic locations represented. The highest percentage of resistant accessions originated from Turkey, followed by Afghanistan and the Caspian Sea region of Iran. Sixty-seven percent of the accessions exhibited resistance to at least one wheat curl mite biotype and 19% were resistant to all the three biotyopes. Resistance to the accessions tested occurred more frequently in the Nebraska and Kansas biotypes (69% and 64%, respectively) than did resistance to the Montana biotype (42%), although the frequency of resistance was not significant. The differential reactions of accessions to the different wheat curl mite biotypes suggests that Ae. tauschii has at least five different genes for resistance to mite colonization. Ae. tauschii continues to be a very useful source for wheat curl mite resistance genes for bread wheat improvement. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Malik, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1329 EP 1333 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1329 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100038 PM 14503608 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT AF Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT TI Quarantine control of hessian fly (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) in exported hay: A new treatment for large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales and a 3-d fumigation for compressed standard bales SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor (Say); pressure; hydrogen phosphide fumigation ID HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE FUMIGATION; JAPAN; MORTALITY; EFFICACY AB Hessian fly puparia (37,167), Mayetiola destructor (Say), did not survive a large-scale commercial test (three freight containers) of a new quarantine treatment using compression (32 kg/cm(2)) and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (61 g/28.2 m(3)) for large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay exported to Japan. Mean +/- SEM temperatures in the large-size bales in different locations in the freight containers ranged from 18.0 +/- 0.9 to 26.0 +/- 1.3degreesC during the 7-d test conducted in a heated building at 20.1 +/- 1.1degreesC. Highest concentrations of hydrogen phosphide in most locations in the freight containers were observed after 3 d of fumigation and ranged from 366.7 +/- 96.1 to 425.0 +/- 162.7 ppm (mean +/- SEM) and throughout the 7 d of fumigation ranged from 253.6 +/- 59.9 to 407.1 +/- 76.5 ppm (mean +/- SEM). Hydrogen phosphide residues after fumigation and aeration were <10 ppb and were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 0.1 ppm in animal feeds. The results of the test fulfills regulatory agency testing requirements and confirms the efficacy of the treatment to control Hessian fly in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay. Hessian fly puparia (2,160) did not survive a large-scale commercial test of compression (105 kg/cm(2)) and a 3-d hydrogen phosphide (60 g/28.3 m(3)) fumigation for standard bales. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1340 EP 1344 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1340 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100040 PM 14503610 ER PT J AU Mahroof, R Subramanyam, B Throne, JE Menon, A AF Mahroof, R Subramanyam, B Throne, JE Menon, A TI Time-mortality relationships for Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) life stages exposed to elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide alternative; heat treatment; heat tolerance; Tribolium castaneum ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA F; THERMAL-DEATH KINETICS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; FLOUR BEETLE; HEAT; LEPIDOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; BOSTRYCHIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; TOLERANCE AB The use of elevated temperatures (greater than or equal to40-60degreesC) or heat treatments for managing insects in food-processing facilities is a viable alternative to space fumigation with methyl bromide. Quantitative data are lacking on the responses of life stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), an important pest of food-processing facilities worldwide, to elevated temperatures used during heat treatments. We determined time-mortality relationships for eggs, young (neonate) larvae, old larvae, pupae, and adults of T. castaneum, exposed to constant temperatures of 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, and 60degreesC. Generally, mortality of each stage increased with an increase in temperature and exposure time. Young larvae were the most heat-tolerant stage, especially at temperatures greater than or equal to50degreesC. Exposure for a minimum of 7.2 h at greater than or equal to50degreesC was required to kill 99% of young larvae, whereas the other stages required less than or equal to1.8 h. Heat treatments that control young larvae should control all other stages of T. castaneum, and young larvae should be used as test insects to evaluate efficacy against T. castaneum during an actual facility heat treatment. These results provide the basis for successful use of elevated temperatures for management of T. castaneum life stages associated with food-processing facilities. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Wil Kil Pest Control, Madison, WI 53590 USA. RP Mahroof, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 39 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 26 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1345 EP 1351 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1345 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716FL UT WOS:000185018100041 PM 14503611 ER PT J AU Cohen, S Bennink, J Tyree, M AF Cohen, S Bennink, J Tyree, M TI Air method measurements of apple vessel length distributions with improved apparatus and theory SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE dwarfing; Malus domestica; probability density function; rootstock; scion ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; WOODY-PLANTS; TREES; ROOTSTOCKS; GROWTH; XYLEM; STEMS; ROOT; CONDUCTIVITY; EMBOLISM AB Studies showing that rootstock dwarfing potential is related to plant hydraulic conductance led to the hypothesis that xylem properties are also related. Vessel length distribution and other properties of apple wood from a series of varieties were measured using the 'air method' in order to test this hypothesis. Apparatus was built to measure and monitor conductivity to air of fresh wood segments of different lengths. Theory for determining vessel length distribution was improved to give a single parameter uni-modal vessel length probability density function. The function, derived by combining the exponential extinction (with extinction coefficient k) of wood conductivity to air (C) as wood length (x) increases (i.e. C=C-o exp (-kx)) with the differential double difference formula, is P-x=x x k(2) exp (-kx), where P-x is the fraction of vessels of length x. The main parameter of the distribution, k, was found to be the inverse of the mode of the distribution, i.e. the most common vessel length, L-o. L-o for ten apple rootstock and scion varieties varied from 5.6+/-0.1 cm (+/-SE) for MM.111 to 9.0+/-1.0 for Prunifolia (P<0.05). Average maximum vessel length was approximately 50 cm, and differences were not significant. Effective vessel radii ranged from 14 for Prunifolia to 24.3&PLUSMN;0.7 μm for M.26, with standard errors less than 12% of the mean. Specific conductivity of a 15 cm wood segment ranged from 2x10(-4) to 11.6&PLUSMN;0.2x10(-2) dm(3) s(-1) kPa(-1) m(-1) for maruba and M.26, respectively, with standard errors up to 63% of the mean. Vessel density at the air entry point ranged from 18&PLUSMN;3 to 42&PLUSMN;6 vessels mm(-2) for M.26 and MM.106, respectively, with standard errors as high as 89% of the mean. It was concluded that there is no general relationship between the wood properties investigated and rootstock size class, and that plasticity increases from vessel lengths to radii to specific conductivity and vessel densities. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Phys & Irrigat, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Cohen, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Phys & Irrigat, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RI Cohen, Shabtai/D-5797-2013; OI Cohen, Shabtai/0000-0002-3644-467X NR 27 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 389 BP 1889 EP 1897 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg202 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 711AM UT WOS:000184715000010 PM 12815034 ER PT J AU Cousins, AB Adam, NR Wall, GW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Ottman, MJ Leavitt, SW Webber, AN AF Cousins, AB Adam, NR Wall, GW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Ottman, MJ Leavitt, SW Webber, AN TI Development of C-4 photosynthesis in sorghum leaves grown under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE C-4 expression; elevated CO2; leaf tissue; Sorghum bicolor; structural and biochemical development ID DEVELOPING MAIZE LEAVES; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; USE EFFICIENCY; WHEAT; ACCLIMATION AB The developmental pattern of C-4 expression has been well characterized in maize and other C-4 plants. However, few reports have explored the possibility that the development of this pathway may be sensitive to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Therefore, both the structural and biochemical development of leaf tissue in the fifth leaf of Sorghum bicolor plants grown at elevated CO2 have been characterized. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activities accumulate rapidly as the leaf tissue differentiates and emerges from the surrounding whorl. Rubisco was not expressed in a cell-specific manner in the youngest tissue at the base of the leaf, but did accumulate before PEPC was detected. This suggests that the youngest leaf tissue utilizes a C-3-like pathway for carbon fixation. However, this tissue was in a region of the leaf receiving very low light and so significant rates of photosynthesis were not likely. Older leaf tissue that had emerged from the surrounding whorl into full sunlight showed the normal C-4 syndrome. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the cell-specific localization of Rubisco or PEPC at any stage of leaf development, and the relative ratios of Rubisco to PEPC remained constant during leaf development. However, in the oldest tissue at the tip of the leaf, the total activities of Rubisco and PEPC were decreased under elevated CO2 implying that C-4 photosynthetic tissue may acclimate to growth under elevated CO2. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Study Early Events Photosynth, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Webber, AN (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, POB 871601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 54 IS 389 BP 1969 EP 1975 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg197 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 711AM UT WOS:000184715000018 PM 12837815 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Nusbaum, KE Shoemaker, CA AF Bader, JA Nusbaum, KE Shoemaker, CA TI Comparative challenge model of Flavobacterium columnare using abraded and unabraded channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE challenge; entry; Flavobacterium columnare; Ictalurus punctatus; survival ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; DNA AMPLIFICATION; LOW VIRULENCE; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; WATER; STRAINS; DISEASE; FISH AB The early entry of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare and enhancement by abrasion was studied in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), using the polymerase chain reaction and a species-specific primer set for a bacterial 16S rRNA gene product. Evaluations were conducted following an abrasion bath immersion challenge with F. columnare. Abrasion, a practice which has historically been used prior to bacterial challenge, had significant effects on the early entry of the pathogen and on cumulative percent survival (CPS). The FvpF1-FvpR1 primer set was useful in detecting the early entry of F. columnare in mucus, skin, gill, blood, liver and trunk kidney tissues in both abraded and unabraded fish following immersion challenge at 29+/-2degreesC. Bacteria were detected earlier in all tissues in abraded fish, except in the trunk kidney. These differences were not significant, except in the case of blood. Mucus, skin and gill tissues were positive for F. columnare earliest regardless of treatment (after 5 min in abraded fish and after 15 min in unabraded fish). CPS following challenge with F. columnare was significantly affected by abrasion, which supports the use of abrasion for the F. columnare challenge model for channel catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 8 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00479.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 719DZ UT WOS:000185189500003 PM 14513970 ER PT J AU Stingley, RL Griffin, BR Gray, WL AF Stingley, RL Griffin, BR Gray, WL TI Channel catfish virus gene expression in experimentally infected channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; channel catfish virus; gene expression; RT-PCR ID GENOME; TRANSCRIPTION; HERPESVIRUS; RNA; DNA AB Channel catfish virus (CCV) produces an acute haemorrhagic disease in fingerling channel catfish and establishes latent infection in fish that survive the primary infection. This study investigated CCV gene expression in tissues of experimentally infected fish. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays were developed for detection of transcripts expressed by each of the CCV direct repeat region genes in CCV-infected channel catfish ovary cells and in tissues of infected fish. Immediate-early, early and late gene transcripts were detected in the blood, brain, kidney and liver tissues of acutely infected catfish demonstrating active viral replication in multiple tissues during the early stages of CCV infection. However, there was no evidence for viral replication by 24 days post-infection in tissues of fish that survived the acute disease. Viral latency-associated transcripts encoded by CCV direct repeat genes were not detected in latently infected catfish. The results of this study provide a foundation for further studies to investigate the molecular basis of CCV pathogenesis and latency. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AK USA. RP Gray, WL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Slot 511,4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 8 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00484.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 719DZ UT WOS:000185189500006 PM 14513973 ER PT J AU Dao, TH AF Dao, Thanh H. TI Competitive anion sorption effects on dairy wastewater dissolved phosphorus extraction with zeolite-based sorbents SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; sorption-desorption; zeolite; dairy manure; dairy wastewater; fly ash; surfactant-modified zeolite; P removal; P recovery AB Dairy wastewater is often used to irrigate field crops. Soluble and colloidal phosphorus (P) must be removed from the supernatant liquid to avoid further P loading of high-P fields. Information is needed on P sorption capacity of natural and synthetic zeolites and fly ash in a complex wastewater and on how the spent products release sorbed PO4-P. Sorption isotherms were determined in single and multi-anion standard solutions and dairy wastewater to quantify the sorption capacity of modified zeolites and fly ash and increase our understanding of underlying mechanisms of oxyanion retention. Solution anion concentrations were determined by high-performance ion chromatography. The results show that natural zeolites have negligible affinity for NO3- or PO43- anions. Surfactant-modified (SMZ) and synthetic (SZBP) zeolites and fly ash exhibit significant capacities to bind PO4-P. Phosphate sorption on SMZ and SZBP was described by the Langmuir equation, with sorption maxima, S-max, averaging 0.71 and 0.31 mmol g(-1), respectively. Class C fly ash strongly sorbs and removes PO4-P from solution. Sorption maxima increase by 4-fold and Langmuir K constants indicate a higher bonding energy than those of SMZ and SZBP. Competitive sorption is evident in PO4-P sorption from mixed solutions of SO4-S, NO3-N, and PO4-P. All sorbents removed dissolved PO4-P from multi-ion dairy wastewater suspensions containing 10 to 100 g solid L-1. The order of efficacy is fly ash >= SZBP > SMZ. Although differences in affinity and desorption exist, the zeolite-based sorbents prove valuable as temporary sinks and offer promise in the development of reversible recovery treatments of P-laden animal wastewater. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD AUG-DEC PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WE UT WOS:000208574900051 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Neven, LG Sanderson, PG AF Drake, SR Neven, LG Sanderson, PG TI Carbohydrate concentrations of apples and pears as influenced by irradiation as a quarantine treatment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; RAINIER SWEET CHERRIES; QUALITY; RADIATION AB Commercially packed Fuji and Granny Smith apples and Anjou and Bosc pears were exposed to irradiation treatments using a gamma beam 650 source containing cobalt-60 at doses of 150, 300, 600 and 900 Gy. After irradiation, apples were stored for 30, 60 and 90 days, while pears were stored for 30 and 90 days in ambient atmosphere at 1C. Analysis of carbohydrate concentrations of the fruit flesh were conducted during and after each storage period. Irradiation treatment did not influence the total carbohydrate or individual sucrose, glucose, fructose, or sorbitol concentrations in either apples or pears, regardless of the cultivar. Carbohydrate concentrations changed in both apples and pears as storage time progressed and these changes were cultivar dependent. Total carbohydrates and glucose. fructose and sorbitol concentrations increased, and sucrose decreased in apples as storage progressed. Total carbohydrates and fructose increased; whereas, sucrose, glucose and sorbitol concentrations decreased in Anjou pears as storage progressed. Total and individual carbohydrate concentrations decreased in Bosc pears as storage progressed from 30 to 90 days. C1 USDA ARS, TFRL, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, TFRL, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2003.tb00509.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714LZ UT WOS:000184916900001 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Harvey, RB Callaway, TR Poole, TL Edrington, TS Fedorka-Cray, PJ Nisbet, DJ AF Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Harvey, RB Callaway, TR Poole, TL Edrington, TS Fedorka-Cray, PJ Nisbet, DJ TI Competitive exclusion of Salmonella from the gut of neonatal and weaned pigs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; SEROVAR CHOLERAESUIS; GNOTOBIOTIC MICE; BROILER-CHICKENS; CECAL BACTERIA; COLONIZATION AB Our laboratory has developed a bacterial competitive-exclusion (CE) culture against enteropathogens (which are considered human foodborne pathogens) for use in swine. In this article, we document the effects of this CE culture, PCF1, on cecal colonization by and fecal shedding of Salmonella Choleraesuis in neonatal and weaned pigs and its effects on the horizontal transmission of this pathogen between weaned penmates. Piglets treated with the PCF1 culture twice within their first day of life and challenged with Salmonella 48 h after birth shed Salmonella at a significantly (P < 0.05) lower rate than did control pigs in experiment 1. Significant reductions of the pathogen were also observed in the cecum, the cecal contents, the ileocolic junction, and the colon contents (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, culture of the cecal contents and lymph nodes revealed a significant reduction in Salmonella isolated from PCF1-treated pigs (P < 0.05). Pigs in experiment 3 were treated as pigs in experiments 1 and 2 were; however, they were followed through day 10 postweaning. Significant reductions in shedding were noted for treated groups both pre- and postweaning (P < 0.05). Experiments 4 and 5 assessed the effects of PCF1 treatment on the horizontal transmission of Salmonella between littermates that were followed through day 14 postweaning. In these experiments, litters were divided into untreated contacts (UC), untreated seeders (US), treated contacts (TC), and treated seeders (TS). Overall, TC in experiment 4 shed Salmonella at a significantly lower rate than UC and US did (P < 0.05). In experiment 5, the transmission of Salmonella was significantly reduced for litters in which TS or TC were present, as evidenced by reduced shedding of Salmonella by both treated and untreated animals within these litters (P < 0.05). TS shed less often than US did, resulting in reduced levels of Salmonella shedding by both treated and untreated contacts (P < 0.05). Litters containing both TC and UC or both TC and US also shed Salmonella at lower rates than did litters in which only UC and US were present (P < 0.05). C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Genovese, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1353 EP 1359 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 708NN UT WOS:000184574500002 PM 12929819 ER PT J AU Muraoka, W Gay, C Knowles, D Borucki, M AF Muraoka, W Gay, C Knowles, D Borucki, M TI Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes subtypes in bulk milk of the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; RAW-MILK; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; SILAGE; CONTAMINATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; PROTOCOL AB The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk milk from three Pacific Northwest states was assessed for 474 herds at three time points. For samples collected in November 2000 and June 2001, the L. monocytogenes prevalence levels were 4.9 and 7.0%, respectively. All isolates were subtyped by serotyping and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Forty-nine of the 55 isolates belonged to serogroup 1/2a, while 6 belonged to serogroup 4. Subtyping by PFGE revealed that isolates from 31 herds shared 10 patterns; there was a weak but significant association between PFGE subtype and geographical distance. Six herds were positive for L. monocytogenes at both time points. Of these six herds, four had indistinguishable PFGE patterns at both time points. Twenty-five of the 33 herds that were positive in June 2001 were sampled again in June 2002. L. monocytogenes was recovered from 17 of these 25 herds (68%), with the ApaI restriction enzyme digestion profiles (REDP) for 8 herds being identical to those of isolates recovered from these herds the previous year. The ApaI REDP for the bulk milk isolates were compared with those for isolates recovered from environmental and human samples that were collected by the Washington Department of Health (n = 23). Analysis of ApaI digestion profiles revealed that only two of the Washington Department of Health isolates had digestion profiles similar to those for isolates from bulk milk; however, further analysis with the use of a second enzyme (AscI) was capable of discriminating between isolates from the two sources. Thus, we found no direct REDP matches between bulk milk and clinical isolates. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Borucki, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Muraoka, Wayne/A-2830-2009 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1419 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 708NN UT WOS:000184574500011 PM 12929828 ER PT J AU Roe, MT Byrd, JA Smith, DP Pillai, SD AF Roe, MT Byrd, JA Smith, DP Pillai, SD TI Class 1 and class 2 integrons in poultry carcasses from broiler house and poultry processing environments SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GENE CASSETTES; CAMPYLOBACTER; ANIMALS; SALMONELLA; BACTERIA; PRODUCTS; STRAINS; PCR; DNA AB Integrons have been identified as major genetic contributors to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of integrons in poultry processing at the broiler house and in processing plants. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were found throughout the processing environment. Of the two classes of integrons, class 1 was the most prevalent in all processing areas. The levels of both classes of integrons decreased from the farm to the processing plant. Within the chiller tank in the processing plant, the persistence of these sequences appears to be related to the free chlorine concentration of the chiller tank water. The variable regions of the amplified integrons showed size diversity (from 680 to 2,000 bp), suggesting diversity in types of antibiotic-resistance-coding gene cassettes. The presence of the class 1 and class 2 integrons in the chlorinated chiller tank suggests that these sequences are capable of withstanding this critical step in the reduction of microbial loads on poultry carcasses. The persistence of the integron gene sequences on the farm and throughout processing highlights the stability of these transmissible antibiotic-resistance-coding nucleotide sequences and their potential role as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance-coding genetic elements within the poultry rearing and processing environments. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, Kleberg Ctr 418D, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, Kleberg Ctr 418D, MS 2472, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1426 EP 1431 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 708NN UT WOS:000184574500013 PM 12929830 ER PT J AU Porto, ACS Wonderling, L Call, JE Luchansky, JB AF Porto, ACS Wonderling, L Call, JE Luchansky, JB TI Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to monitor a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in frankfurter packages SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; STRAIN; FOOD AB In a previous study, the viability of a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes (including Scott A [serotype 4b, clinical isolate], 101M [serotype 4b, beef-pork sausage isolate], F6854 [serotype 1/2a, turkey frankfurter isolate], H7776 [serotype 4b, frankfurter isolate], and MFS-2 [serotype 1/2a, pork plant isolate]) was monitored during refrigerated storage of frankfurters prepared with and without 3.0% added potassium lactate. Throughout a 90-day period of storage at 4degreesC, the initial inoculum level of 20 CFU per package remained relatively constant in packages containing frankfurters prepared with potassium lactate, but pathogen counts increased to 4.6 log(10) CFU in packages containing frankfurters prepared without added potassium lactate. To determine which of the five strains persisted under these conditions, randomly selected colonies obtained after 28 and 90 days of refrigerated storage of frankfurters were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with the restriction enzyme SmaI to generate distinct banding patterns for each of the five strains. Then, with the use of PFGE as a tool for identification, the percentages of the strains on days 28 and 90 of the growth study were compared. In the absence of any added potassium lactate in the product, 43% of the 58 isolates recovered on day 28 were identified as strain Scott A, 12% were identified as strain 101M, 22% were identified as strain F6854, 10% were identified as strain H7776, and 12% were identified as strain MFS-2. However, by day 90, an appreciable number (83%) of the 60 isolates analyzed were identified as strain MFS-2. In packages containing frankfurters formulated with 3.0% potassium lactate, all five strains were present at frequencies of 5 to 36% among the 19 isolates tested on day 28; however, by day 90, strain MFS-2 made up the statistical majority (63%) of the 27 isolates tested. The results of this study indicate that strain MFS-2, a serotype 1/2a isolate recovered from a pork processing plant, was more persistent than strains Scott A, 101M, F6854, or H7776 during the extended refrigerated storage of frankfurters. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1465 EP 1468 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 708NN UT WOS:000184574500021 PM 12929838 ER PT J AU Meyer, JD Cerveny, JG Luchansky, JB AF Meyer, JD Cerveny, JG Luchansky, JB TI Inhibition of nonproteolytic, psychrotrophic clostridia and anaerobic sporeformers by sodium diacetate and sodium lactate in cook-in-bag turkey breast SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-PACKED BEEF; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TOXIN PRODUCTION; BOTULINUM; SPOILAGE; VIABILITY; PRODUCTS; SLURRIES AB A nonproteolytic, psychrotrophic Clostridium isolate, designated strain OMFRI1, was recovered from cook-in-bag turkey breasts (CIBTB) that displayed an intense pink discoloration and an off-odor following extended refrigerated storage. The viability of strain OMFRI1 in CIBTB containing sodium diacetate (at 0, 0.25, and 0.5%) and/or sodium lactate (at 0, 1.25, and 2.5%) was subsequently evaluated. Raw CIBTB batter was inoculated with 9 to 30 spores of strain OMFRI1 per g, vacuum packaged, cooked to an instantaneous internal temperature of 71.1degreesC, chilled, and incubated at 4degreesC for up to 22 weeks. In the absence of food-grade antimicrobial agents, spoilage (i.e., an off-odor) occurred within 6 weeks, and anaerobic plate counts reached 6.6 log(10) CFU/g. The CIBTB containing sodium diacetate (0.25%) and that containing sodium lactate (1.25%) required 12 weeks for spoilage to occur and for anaerobic plate counts to reach 7.0 and 6.0 log(10) CFU/g, respectively. When sodium diacetate (0.25%) and sodium lactate (1.25%) were used in combination, no off-odor was detected and anaerobic plate counts did not exceed 2.3 log(10) CFU/g over 22 weeks of storage at 4degreesC. In related experiments, sodium diacetate (at 0, 0.25, and 0.5%), sodium lactate (at 0, 1.25, and 2.5%), and combinations of both ingredients were evaluated in uninoculated CIBTB incubated at 25degreesC for up to 22 days. In the absence of antimicrobial agents and in CIBTB containing sodium diacetate (0.5%), spoilage occurred within 8 days and anaerobic plate counts reached 6.8 and 6.6 log(10) CFU/g, respectively. Samples of CIBTB containing sodium lactate (2.5%) showed signs of spoilage within 22 days, and anaerobic plate counts for these samples ranged from less than or equal to1.0 to 6.3 log(10) CFU/g. In CIBTB containing both sodium lactate (2.5%) and sodium diacetate (0.25%), spoilage was not evident and anaerobic plate counts were less than or equal to1.0 log(10) CFU/g within 22 days. These data validate the efficacy of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate in extending the shelf life of CIBTB. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Oscar Mayer Foods Div, Madison, WI USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1474 EP 1478 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 708NN UT WOS:000184574500023 PM 12929840 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Musgrove, MT Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Fletcher, DL Cox, NA AF Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Musgrove, MT Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Fletcher, DL Cox, NA TI Survey of shell egg processing plant sanitation programs: Effects on egg contact surfaces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; WASH-WATER AB Sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs) are an integral component of process control and are often the first step in the implementation of food safety regulations. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the efficacies of sanitation programs used in a variety of shell egg processing facilities. In-line, off-line, and mixed operations were evaluated. Sixteen direct or indirect egg contact surfaces were sampled in various shell egg processing facilities in the southeast United States. Samples were collected at the end of a processing day (POST) and again the next morning before operations began (PRE). Total aerobic plate counts (APCs) were obtained and Enterobacteriacae were enumerated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between POST and PRE bacterial counts were found for the 16 sampling sites. In general, high APCs were found on the wall of the recirculating water tank both POST and PRE. The APCs for the rewash belt were considerably high for all plants sampled. APCs were also high for the vacuum loaders. APCs for washers and washer brushes were relatively low for most plants sampled. PRE and POST levels of plant sanitation, as determined by direct microbial plating, did not differ significantly. At this point, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about how rigid SSOPs should be for the shell egg processing industry. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1486 EP 1489 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 708NN UT WOS:000184574500026 PM 12929843 ER PT J AU Perera, CO Balchin, L Baldwin, E Stanley, R Tian, M AF Perera, CO Balchin, L Baldwin, E Stanley, R Tian, M TI Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the quality of fresh-cut apple slices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE braeburn apple; Pacific Rose apple; ethylene; respiration; firmness; solids; malic acid ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUIT; ETHYLENE BINDING; VEGETABLES; PLANTS; PHYSIOLOGY; LIFE AB The objective of this project was to treat fresh-cut apple slices with the ethylene inhibitor 1 methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to retard ethylene-induced deterioration and senescence and to prolong the shelf life of such products. Intact Braeburn and Pacific Rose apples were treated at different times with 1-MCP, cut, and stored at 0 degreesC. Samples were analyzed initially and then weekly for ethylene, respiration, flesh firmness, tissue color, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content during 5 wk of storage. 1-MCP treatment was effective in reducing ethylene production, respiration, and loss of firmness and color of slices when applied to whole apples directly after harvest. Total sugar and acidity levels were not affected significantly. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 117543, Singapore. HortRes, Auckland, New Zealand. ARS, USDA, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. RP Perera, CO (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, 3 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore. RI Stanley, Roger/A-9226-2011; OI Stanley, Roger/0000-0002-2279-5022; Perera, Conrad/0000-0001-9525-6962 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1910 EP 1914 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb06992.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JQ UT WOS:000184910500006 ER PT J AU Yoruk, R Hogsette, JA Rolle, RS Marshall, MR AF Yoruk, R Hogsette, JA Rolle, RS Marshall, MR TI Apple polyphenol oxidase inhibitor(s) from common housefly (Musca domestica L.) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apple; PPO; housefly; pupae; natural inhibitor(s) ID INSECT CUTICLE; PHENOLOXIDASE; DIPTERA; PURIFICATION; MUSCIDAE; FOODS; FRUIT; PEEL AB A new natural apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitor(s) from housefly (Musca domestica L.) was discovered. Crude inhibitor(s) isolated by buffer extraction, heat treatment, and dialysis from housefly pupae inhibited the activity of apple PPO up to 90% at pH values above 5.0. Inhibition was strictly pH-dependent. The inhibitor(s) was further characterized by employing heat, freezing and thawing, irradiation, pH adjustment, and ultrafiltration. studies. The potential PPO inhibitor(s) was stable to heating at 100 degreesC for 1 h, repeated freezing and thawing, and irradiation. The inhibitor(s) was most stable at pH around 5.0 and least stable at alkaline pH. The PPO inhibition profile of housefly during metamorphosis also was evaluated. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. Food & Agr Org United Nat, Agroind & Postharvest Management Serv, Agr Support Syst Div, Rome, Italy. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Food & Environm Toxicol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Marshall, MR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Food & Environm Toxicol Lab, POB 110720, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1942 EP 1947 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb06998.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JQ UT WOS:000184910500012 ER PT J AU Sothornvit, R Olsen, CW McHugh, TH Krochta, JM AF Sothornvit, R Olsen, CW McHugh, TH Krochta, JM TI Formation conditions, water-vapor permeability, and solubility of compression-molded whey protein films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE compression-molded film; whey protein; water-vapor permeability; solubility; edible film; packaging AB Films based on whey protein isolate (WPI) were formed using compression molding. Compression molded films could be formed using 30% to 50% moisture content or glycerol content WPI at 104 degreesC to 160 degreesC for 2 min. Films made from water-WPI mixtures were brittle and insoluble and had water-vapor permeability values independent of starting water-WPI mixture moisture content, molding temperature, or molding pressure. Gly-WPI films produced at 104 degreesC were flexible and partially soluble. Gly-WPI films produced at 140 degreesC were also flexible but nearly insoluble. Glycerol content and molding temperature and pressure had little effect on water-vapor permeability values of Gly-WPI films over the range of conditions studied. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Dept Food Engn, Kamphaengsaen Nakhonpath, Thailand. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Krochta, JM (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Dept Food Engn, Kamphaengsaen Nakhonpath, Thailand. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1985 EP 1989 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb07006.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JQ UT WOS:000184910500020 ER PT J AU Garzon, GA McKeith, FK Gooding, JP Felker, FC Palmquist, DE Brewer, MS AF Garzon, GA McKeith, FK Gooding, JP Felker, FC Palmquist, DE Brewer, MS TI Characteristics of low-fat beef patties formulated with carbohydrate-lipid composites SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate-lipid composite; low fat; sensory; beef; texture ID TEXTURED SOY PROTEIN; GROUND-BEEF; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; MODIFYING INGREDIENTS; COOKING METHOD; MEAT-PRODUCTS; STARCH; CORN; WATER AB Chemical, physical, and sensory characteristics of low-fat beef patties containing carbohydrate-lipid composites (CLCs) were compared with those of all-beef patties. The CLC gels contained high-amylose cornstarch, maltodextrins, and canola oil. CLC patties had higher moisture, cooking yield, and fat retention than 20%-fat control patties. CLCs improved tenderness and juiciness and decreased cohesiveness of low-fat beef patties compared with 10%-fat control patties. Despite differences in CLC gel firmness, patties made with CLC gels containing corn, potato, and tapioca maltodextrins had similar physical and sensory properties. These results suggest that CLC gels perform well as a partial fat replacer in beef patties while providing flexibility in gel firmness selection. C1 ARS, USDA, Midwest Area, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Midwest Area, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2050 EP 2056 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb07017.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JQ UT WOS:000184910500031 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Mohamed, AA Carriere, CJ AF Shogren, RL Mohamed, AA Carriere, CJ TI Sensory analysis of whole wheat/soy flour breads SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bread; soy flour; whole wheat; sensory; taste ID FAT SOY FLOUR; PROTEINS; FOODS; STORAGE; QUALITY; SOYMILK; FLAVOR AB Breads containing 0% to 40% defatted soy flour, 35% to 100% whole wheat flour, and 0% to 35% white bread flour were prepared. Beany or bitter flavor ratings for the yeast-leavened breads containing up to 30% soy flour were not significantly different from the control whole wheat bread. A high-quality yeast was the most important factor in reducing the beany taste of the bread. Addition of ascorbic acid significantly increased yeasty flavor, and there was a strong inverse correlation between beany and sweet flavors. These studies suggest that an appealing, nutritious bread containing up to 30% to 40% soy flour can be prepared in an easy and economical manner using equipment available in home or institutional kitchens. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2141 EP 2145 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb07033.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JQ UT WOS:000184910500047 ER PT J AU Simon, S Li, H O'Toole, D Crawford, TB Oaks, JL AF Simon, S Li, H O'Toole, D Crawford, TB Oaks, JL TI The vascular lesions of a cow and bison with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever contain ovine herpesvirus 2-infected CD8(+) T lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS-INFECTION; CELL-LINES; RABBITS; CATTLE; TISSUES; PHENOTYPE; SUBSETS; DEER; PCR AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a herpesvirus disease syndrome of ruminants. The microscopic pathology of MCF is characterized by lymphoid proliferation and infiltration, necrotizing vasculitis and epithelial necrosis. Because previous attempts to detect viral antigen or nucleic acids in lesions have been unsuccessful, the pathogenesis of the lesions in acute MCIF has been speculated to involve mechanisms of autoimmunity and lymphocyte dysregulation. In this study, the vascular lesions in the brains of a cow and a bison with acute MCIF were evaluated by in situ PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the predominant infiltrating cell type in these lesions was CD8(+) T lymphocytes and that large numbers of these cells were infected with ovine herpesvirus 2. The lesions also contained macrophages, but no detectable CD4(+) or B lymphocytes. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Vet Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Oaks, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Vet Microbiol, Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 BP 2009 EP 2013 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19048-0 PN 8 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 705TR UT WOS:000184411600007 PM 12867630 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Gundersen-Rindal, DE AF Chen, YP Gundersen-Rindal, DE TI Morphological and genomic characterization of the polydnavirus associated with the parasitoid wasp Glyptapanteles indiensis (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SONORENSIS VIRUS-DNA; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; CHELONUS-INANITUS; LEPIDOPTERAN HOST; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; FAMILY AB Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus (GiPDV) is essential for successful parasitization of the larval stage of the lepidopteran Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) by the endoparasitic wasp Glyptapanteles indiensis. This virus has not been characterized previously. Ultrastructural studies of GiPDV showed that virions had a rod-like or rectangular form and each contained as many as ten nucleocapsids enclosed by a single unit membrane envelope. Field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) analysis of the virus genomic DNA revealed that GiPDV had a segmented genome composed of 13 dsDNA segments, ranging in size from approximately 11 kb to more than 30 kb. Four genomic segments were present in higher molar concentration than the others. Further characterization of the GiPDV genome yielded several cDNA clones which derived from GiPDV-specific mRNAs, and Northern blot analysis confirmed expression of isolated cDNA clones in the parasitized host. Each was present on more than one GiPDV genomic DNA segment, suggesting the existence of related sequences among DNA segments. It has been proposed previously that in polydnavirus systems, genome segmentation, hypermolar ratio segments and segment nesting may function to increase the copy number of essential genes and to increase the levels of gene expression in the absence of virus replication. The present data support this notion and suggest that GiPDV morphology and genomic organization may be intrinsically linked to the function and evolutionary strategies of the virus. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gundersen-Rindal, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 BP 2051 EP 2060 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19234-0 PN 8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 705TR UT WOS:000184411600012 PM 12867635 ER PT J AU Toquin, D de Boisseson, C Beven, V Senne, DA Eterradossi, N AF Toquin, D de Boisseson, C Beven, V Senne, DA Eterradossi, N TI Subgroup C avian metapneumovirus (MPV) and the recently isolated human MPV exhibit a common organization but have extensive sequence divergence in their putative SH and G genes SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; G-PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; ORDER DIFFERENT; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; PNEUMOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE; PREDICTION AB The genes encoding the putative small hydrophobic (SH), attachment (G) and polymerase (L) proteins of the Colorado isolate of subgroup C avian pneumovirus (APV) were entirely or partially sequenced, They all included metapneumovirus (MPV)-like gene start and gene end sequences. The deduced Colorado SH protein shared 26(.)9 and 21(.)7% aa identity with its counterpart in human MPV (hMPV) and APV subgroup A, respectively, but its only significant aa similarities were to hMPV. Conserved features included a common hydrophobicity profile with an unique transmembrane domain and the conservation of most extracellular cysteine residues. The Colorado putative G gene encoded several ORFs, the longer of which encoded a 252 aa long type II glycoprotein with aa similarities to hMPV G only (20(.)6% overall aa identity with seven conserved N-terminal residues). The putative Colorado G protein shared, at best, 21(.)0% aa identity with its counterparts in the other APV subgroups and did not contain the extracellular cysteine residues and short aa stretch highly conserved in other APVs. The N-terminal end of the Colorado L protein exhibited 73(.)6 and 54(.)9% aa identity with hMPV and APV subgroup A, respectively, with four aa blocks highly conserved among Pneumovirinae. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the nt sequences confirmed that the L sequences from MPVs were genetically related, whereas analysis of the G sequences revealed that among MPVs, only APV subgroups A, B and D clustered together, independently of both the Colorado isolate and hMPV, which shared weak genetic relatedness at the G gene level. C1 French Agcy Food Safety, AFSSA, Avian & Rabbit Virol Immunol & Parasitol Unit, VIPAC, F-22440 Ploufragan, France. UGVB, Virus Genet & Biosecur Unit, F-22440 Ploufragan, France. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Eterradossi, N (reprint author), French Agcy Food Safety, AFSSA, Avian & Rabbit Virol Immunol & Parasitol Unit, VIPAC, BP53, F-22440 Ploufragan, France. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 BP 2169 EP 2178 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19043-0 PN 8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 705TR UT WOS:000184411600026 PM 12867649 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Copeland, RR Klingeman, PC Doyle, MW Simon, A AF Shields, FD Copeland, RR Klingeman, PC Doyle, MW Simon, A TI Design for stream restoration SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE stream improvement; design; restoration ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; DISCHARGE; CHANNELS; MANAGEMENT; ADJUSTMENT; STABILITY; GEOMETRY; SEDIMENT; PROJECT; MOTION AB Stream restoration, or more properly rehabilitation, is the return of a degraded stream ecosystem to a close approximation of its remaining natural potential. Many types of practices (dam removal, levee breaching, modified flow control, vegetative methods for streambank erosion control, etc.) are useful, but this paper focuses on channel reconstruction. A tension exists between restoring natural fluvial processes and ensuring stability of the completed project. Sedimentation analyses are a key aspect of design since many projects fail due to erosion or sedimentation. Existing design approaches range from relatively simple ones based on stream classification and regional hydraulic geometry relations to more complex two- and three-dimensional numerical models. Herein an intermediate approach featuring application of hydraulic engineering tools for assessment of watershed geomorphology, channel-forming discharge analysis, and hydraulic analysis in the form of one-dimensional flow and sediment transport computations is described. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Mobile Boundary Hydraul, Clinton, MS 39060 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 96 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 12 U2 77 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2003 VL 129 IS 8 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:8(575) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 703QP UT WOS:000184292700002 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Nichols, JV AF Smith, WP Nichols, JV TI Demography of the Prince of Wales flying squirrel, an endemic of southeastern Alaska temperate rain forest SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons; northern flying squirrel; old-growth forest; southeastern Alaska; temperate rain forest ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; MAMMAL POPULATION-SIZE; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; PACIFIC COAST; SIERRA-NEVADA; FOOD-HABITS AB We studied the Prince of Wales flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons) in temperate rain forest of southeastern Alaska to provide the 1st quantitative estimates of demography from southeastern Alaska and test predictions of the hypothesis that Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) forest is primary habitat for G. sabrinus in southeastern Alaska. We expected that abundance, body condition, productivity, and summer and overwinter survival of G. sabrinus would be higher in spruce-hemlock forest (which typically are the old-growth forests of upland sites [upland-OG]) than in peatland-scrub-mixed-conifer (peatland-MC) forest. Mean values of minimum number of animals known alive and density during autumn were higher in upland-OG than in peatland-MC, and both were about 2 times higher than corresponding spring values. Age and sex composition of the population was similar among years, between seasons, and between habitats. Males comprised a larger portion of the population in upland-OG than in peatland-MC forest. Mean body mass was similar between habitats. Minimum summer survival varied among years and between habitats. Overwinter survival was less varied and similar among years and between habitats. Reproductive females were more abundant in upland-OG than in peatland-MC, but percentage of reproductive females during spring and percentage of juveniles during autumn were similar between habitats. These results support the conclusion that upland-OG forests of southeastern Alaska are primary habitat for northern flying squirrels. Still, squirrel densities in peatland-MC were higher than those reported for several managed and unmanaged forest types in the Pacific Northwest, and some demographic parameters were similar between upland-OG and peatland-MC. In southeastern Alaska, peatland-MC habitat likely contributes to breeding populations of G. sabrinus and reduces risk of viability in managed landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM winston_smith@fs.fed.us NR 78 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1058 DI 10.1644/BBa-033 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 718MC UT WOS:000185149300024 ER PT J AU Ager, AA Johnson, BK Kern, JW Kie, JG AF Ager, AA Johnson, BK Kern, JW Kie, JG TI Daily and seasonal movements and habitat use by female rocky mountain elk and mule deer SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE animal velocity; Cervus elaphus; daily movements; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; Rocky Mountain elk; seasonal movements; telemetry ID USE PATTERNS; BED SITES; SELECTION; CATTLE; FORESTS; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; SCALES; DIETS; IDAHO AB We examined movements and habitat use by female Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using a large telemetry data set collected over 6 years at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon. The analysis contrasted hourly movements of elk and deer within the mosaic of vegetation and landforms at Starkey with daily and seasonal demands for forage, security, and other resources. Telemetry data from 15 April to 14 November, 1991-1996, were stratified into 30-day intervals and tested for daily cycles relative to habitat use and movements. Both elk and deer exhibited strong daily and seasonal patterns of movements and habitat use. Daily cycles were most pronounced during spring and autumn, were composed of crepuscular and intraday habitat transitions, and were more pronounced for elk than for deer. Although crepuscular transitions were accompanied by sharp increases in velocity, intraday changes in habitat were not. The results add considerable detail to previous studies that sampled only limited hours of the day and seasons of the year. The findings have significance for modeling efforts that attempt to replicate animal behavior on diverse landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Kern Stat Serv, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, 2517 SW Hailey Ave, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 60 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 53 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1076 EP 1088 DI 10.1644/BBa-020 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 718MC UT WOS:000185149300027 ER PT J AU Jordaens, K Gielen, H Van Houtte, N Bernon, G Backeljau, T AF Jordaens, K Gielen, H Van Houtte, N Bernon, G Backeljau, T TI The response of the terrestrial slug Deroceras laeve to the mucus and air-borne odours of con- and heterospecifics (Pulmonata : Agriolimacidae) SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID LAND SNAILS; POPULATION-DENSITY; ARION-FASCIATUS; GROWTH; RETICULATUM; SIZE C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Otis Plant Protect Lab, Otis AFB, Cape Cod, MA USA. Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Jordaens, K (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1093/mollus/69.3.285 PN 3 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 707WN UT WOS:000184533000011 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Martini, L Peterson, JW Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Wood, RJ AF Booth, SL Martini, L Peterson, JW Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Wood, RJ TI Dietary phylloquinone depletion and repletion in older women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 12-16, 2001 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res DE vitamin K deficiency; undercarboxylated prothrombin; undercarboxylated osteocalcin; urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid; adequate intake ID SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; VITAMIN-K DEFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; ELDERLY-WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; BONE; ADULTS; PLASMA; MARKER AB Biological markers indicative of poor vitamin K status have been associated with a greater risk for hip fracture in older men and women. However, the dietary phylloquinone intake required to achieve maximal carboxylation of hepatic and extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins is not known. In an 84-d study in a metabolic unit, 21 older (60-80 y) women were fed a phylloquinone-restricted diet (18 mug/d) for 28 d, followed by stepwise repletion of 86, 200 and 450 mug/d of phylloquinone. Plasma phylloquinone, urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid excretion and gamma-carboxylation of hepatic (prothrombin) and extrahepatic proteins (osteocalcin) decreased in response to phylloquinone restriction (P < 0.001), demonstrating the production of subclinical vitamin K deficiency. The gamma-carboxylation of prothrombin was restored to normal levels in response to phylloquinone supplementation at 200 mug/d. In contrast, all other biochemical markers of vitamin K status remained below normal levels after short-term supplementation of up to 450 mug/d of phylloquinone. These data support previous observations in rats that hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins have preferential utilization of phylloquinone in response to phylloquinone dietary restriction. Moreover, our findings suggest that the current recommended Adequate Intake levels of vitamin K (90 mug/d) in women do not support maximal osteocalcin gamma-carboxylation in older women. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 22 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2565 EP 2569 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709BC UT WOS:000184604000011 PM 12888638 ER PT J AU Must, A Jacques, PF Rogers, G Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Must, A Jacques, PF Rogers, G Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Serum total homocysteine concentrations in children and adolescents: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; age; sex; racial-ethnic groups; nutrition surveys ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; ARTERY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS AB Although the elevation of circulating total serum homocysteine (tHcy) concentration in a fasting state is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease in adults, the implications of elevated levels in children are not known. The goals of this study were to describe the distribution of tHcy among a representative sample of children and adolescents in the United States, and to test for differences in tHcy among sex, age and race-ethnicity categories. Using surplus sera from Phase 2 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we measured tHcy for a nationally representative sample of 942 boys and 1085 girls aged 4-19 y. The age-adjusted geometric mean tHcy concentrations were 6.2 and 5.8 mumol/L in non-Hispanic Caucasian boys and girls, 6.4 and 6.1 mumol/L in non-Hispanic African-American boys and girls, and 6.4 and 5.5 mumol/L in Mexican American boys and girls, respectively. A significant interaction between age and sex (P < 0.01) reflected the divergence of tHcy concentrations at about age 10 y, with higher concentrations in boys than in girls throughout adolescence. These first data on homocysteine concentrations in a nationally representative sample of American youth suggest that sexual dimorphism of tHcy concentrations occurs earlier, at similar to10 y of age, than previously reported on the basis of smaller nonrepresentative samples. Improved understanding of the determinants of levels during growth and development may provide important clues to the etiology of adult disease. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Must, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52630] NR 46 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2643 EP 2649 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709BC UT WOS:000184604000025 PM 12888652 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Davis, CD AF Zeng, HW Davis, CD TI Down-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene expression occurs during cell cycle arrest induced by human fecal water in colonic HT-29 cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE human fecal water; selenium; cell cycle; colon cell ID SELENIUM MODULATION; CARCINOMA CELLS; DNA-REPLICATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; G(1) ARREST; BILE-ACIDS; CANCER; CYTOTOXICITY; DIET; APOPTOSIS AB Cancer is a disease in which the cell cycle is altered, and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which constituents of human fecal water influence the cell cycle can lead to noninvasive measurement of colon cancer risk. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of human fecal water on HT-29 cell-cycle progression with sodium selenite as a reference for comparison. Both human fecal water (2.5-5.0%) and selenite (3-4 mumol/L) significantly inhibited cell growth. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that human fecal water decreased the proportion of S + G2 phase cells and increased that of G1 phase cells. In contrast, selenite decreased G1 phase cells and increased proportions of S and G2 phase cells. Both 5% human fecal water and 4 mumol/L selenite greatly increased the mRNA level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene p21(waf1). Interestingly, the mRNA levels of cyclin A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were dramatically decreased by 69 and 62%, respectively, in HT-29 cells treated with fecal water but not selenite. In contrast, the mRNA level of DNA damage-inducible transcript 1, gadd45, was significantly increased by 2.28-fold in HT-29 cells treated with selenite but not fecal water. Furthermore, a PCNA gene promoter was cloned into a luciferase reporter construct and its activity was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with fecal water but not selenite. Collectively, these results suggest that human fecal water and selenite can differentially induce growth arrest genes, and that PCNA gene expression is uniquely and highly sensitive to human fecal water. C1 USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2682 EP 2687 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709BC UT WOS:000184604000031 PM 12888658 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Chung, HY Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Chung, HY Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI The activities of antioxidant nutrients in human plasma depend on the localization of attacking radical species SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; ascorbic acid; alpha-tocopherol; oxidizability; azo-initiator ID HUMAN-BLOOD PLASMA; BETA-CAROTENE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; DIETARY; OXYGEN; COMPARTMENTS; LIPOPROTEIN; DEGRADATION AB The oxidation of endogenous antioxidant nutrients in human plasma was determined to examine their activities against free radicals generated in the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. Free radicals were induced at a constant rate in the aqueous compartment by the hydrophilic radical generator, 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH; 10-20 mmol/L) and in the lipid compartment by the lipophilic radical generator, 2,2'azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (MeO-AMVN; 1-2 mmol/L). The depletion of endogenous plasma antioxidant nutrients (lutein, cryptoxanthin, beta-carotene, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, uric acid) was determined after incubation with either AAPH or MeO-AMVN at 37 degreesC using HPLC. The oxidation of the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma was selectively monitored by a fluorimetric method using either the hydrophilic probe, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) or the lipophilic probe, 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (BODIPY 581/591). When plasma was incubated with AAPH, the rates of consumption of the antioxidant nutrients were as follows: ascorbic acid > alpha-tocopherol > uric acid > lycopene > lutein > cryptoxanthin > beta-carotene. When plasma was incubated with MeO-AMVN, alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids were depleted at similar rates and ahead of the major water-soluble antioxidants. Our study indicates that the antioxidant nutrients present in both the lipid and aqueous compartments can remove free radicals generated in plasma, and their activity depends on the localization of the attacking radical species. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. Tufts Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2688 EP 2691 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709BC UT WOS:000184604000032 PM 12888659 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Mitchell, SM Morrow, JK Rhyan, JC Stewart, LM Granstorm, DE Romand, S Thulliez, P Saville, WJ Lindsay, DS AF Dubey, JP Mitchell, SM Morrow, JK Rhyan, JC Stewart, LM Granstorm, DE Romand, S Thulliez, P Saville, WJ Lindsay, DS TI Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Toxoplasma gondii in wild horses from central Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; SEROLOGIC PREVALENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; SEROPREVALENCE; APICOMPLEXA; SPECIFICITY; DIAGNOSIS AB Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum, N. hughesi, and Toxoplasma gondii are 4 related coccidians considered to be associated with encephalomyelitis in horses. The source of infection for N. hughesi is unknown, whereas opossums, dogs, and cats are the definitive hosts for S. neurona, N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. Seroprevalence of these coccidians in 276 wild horses from central Wyoming outside the known range of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were found only in I of 276 horses tested with the modified agglutination test using 1: 25, 1:50, and 1:500 dilutions. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 86 (31.1%) of the 276 horses tested with the Neospora agglutination test-the titers were 1:25 in 38 horses, 1:50 in 15, 1:100 in 9, 1:200 in 8, 1:400 in 4, 1:800 in 2, 1:1.600 in 2, 1:3,200 in 2, and 1:12,800 in 1. Antibodies to S. neurona were assessed with the serum immunoblot; of 276 horses tested, 18 had antibodies considered specific for S. neurona. Antibodies to S. neurona also were assessed with the S. neurona direct agglutination test (SAT). Thirty-nine of 265 horses tested had SAT antibodies-in titers of 1:50 in 26 horses and 1: 100 in 13. The presence of S. neurona antibodies in horses in central Wyoming suggests that either there is cross-reactivity between S. neurona and some other infection or a definitive host other than opossum is the source of infection. In a retrospective study, S. neurona antibodies were not found by immunoblot in the sera of 243 horses from western Canada outside the range of D. virginiana. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 716 EP 720 DI 10.1645/GE-66R PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800016 PM 14533680 ER PT J AU Canon-Franco, WA Yai, LEO Joppert, AM Souza, CE D'Auria, SRN Dubey, JR Gennari, SM AF Canon-Franco, WA Yai, LEO Joppert, AM Souza, CE D'Auria, SRN Dubey, JR Gennari, SM TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the rodent capybara (Hidrochoeris hidrochoeris) from Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Capybaras (Hidrochoeris hidrochoeris) are I of the largest rodents used for meat in South and Central America. Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 149 feral H. hidrochoeris from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was evaluated using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the modified agglutination test (MAT). Using IFAT, antibodies (>1:16) were found in 104 (69.8%) and with the MAT, antibodies (>1:25) were found in 63 (42.3%) capybaras. This is the first report of prevalence of T gondii antibodies in this host. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Controle Zoonoses Prefeitura Municipio Sao Pa, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Div Tecn Med Vet & Manejo Fauna Silvestre Prefeit, Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Ave Prod Orlando Marques Paiva,87,Cidade Univ, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 850 EP 850 DI 10.1645/GE-80R PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800038 PM 14533702 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Graham, DH da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG AF Dubey, JP Graham, DH da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG TI Toxoplasma gondii isolates of free-ranging chickens from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Mouse mortality, genotype, and oocyst shedding by cats SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONAL LINEAGES; ACUTE VIRULENCE; TISSUE CYSTS; STRAINS; MICE; INFECTION; PARASITE; DISEASE; SHEEP AB Most isolates of Toxoplasma gondii can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. In the present Study, 67 isolates of T. gondii were obtained by bioassay in mice inoculated with brains and hearts of 96 asymptomatic chickens from an area highly endemic to human infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the 48 isolates genotyped using the SAG, locus, 34 (70%) were of type I and 13 (27%) were of type III. No isolate of type 11 was recovered. Isolates from I chicken contained a type I and type III mixed infection, indicating natural multiparasite infection in the same animal. Cats fed mice infected with I I type I strains shed 19-535 million oocysts in their feces, indicating that type I isolates can circulate in the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 24 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1645/GE-60R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800039 PM 14533703 ER PT J AU Lapointe, JW Duignan, RJ Barr, BC Petrich, AK MacPherson, DW Gulland, FM Dubey, JR AF Lapointe, JW Duignan, RJ Barr, BC Petrich, AK MacPherson, DW Gulland, FM Dubey, JR TI Meningoencephalitis associated with an unidentified apicomplexan protozoan in a pacific harbor seal SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOCA-VITULINA RICHARDSI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; INFECTION AB A Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsii) was found on the central California coast with neurologic signs and labored breathing, which were unresponsive to treatment. Necropsy revealed a nonsuppurative necrotizing meningoencephalitis, a multilocular thymic cyst, and nonsuppurative cystitis and renal pyelitis. Microscopic examination revealed protozoans in the brain, thymic cyst, and bladder mucosa. Ultrastructurally, the protozoal tachyzoites were different from those of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis neurona; the rhoptries were small and had electron-dense contents, and the organism divided by endodyogeny. Specific antibodies were not detected in serum using agglutination (N. caninum, T. gondii) and immunoblot assays (S. neurona). Immunohistochemistry for these organisms was negative. Polymerase chain reaction on brain tissue using specific primers did not amplify T. gondii deoxyribonucleic acid. The meningoencephalitis in this seal thus appears to have been caused by a novel protozoan. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. St Josephs Healthcare, Dept Microbiol, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. Ctr Emergency Preparedness & Response, Ottawa, ON K1A OK9, Canada. Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lapointe, JW (reprint author), 393 Pequot Ave, New London, CT 06320 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1645/GE-62R1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800042 PM 14533706 ER PT J AU Lindquist, HDA Bennett, JW Hester, JD Ware, MW Dubey, JP Everson, WV AF Lindquist, HDA Bennett, JW Hester, JD Ware, MW Dubey, JP Everson, WV TI Autofluorescence of Toxoplasma gondii and related coccidian oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOSPORA OOCYSTS; ISOSPORA; SPOROCYSTS; DIARRHEA; WATER AB This is the first report of blue autofluorescence as a useful characteristic in the microscopic detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Hammondia heydorni, Neospora caninum, Besnoitia darlingi, and Sarcocystis neurona oocysts or sporocysts. This autofluorescence is of sufficient intensity and duration to allow identification of these oocysts from complex microscopic sample backgrounds. As with the autofluorescence of related coccidia, the oocysts glow pale blue when illuminated with an ultraviolet (UV) light source and viewed with the correct UV excitation and emission filter set. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasitol Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindquist, HDA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 865 EP 867 DI 10.1645/GE-3147RN PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800044 PM 14533708 ER PT J AU Yai, LEO Canon-Franco, WA Geraldi, VC Summa, MEL Camargo, MCGO Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF Yai, LEO Canon-Franco, WA Geraldi, VC Summa, MEL Camargo, MCGO Dubey, JP Gennari, SM TI Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the South American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) from the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 396 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (IFAT, similar to1:25) to N. caninum were found in 84 opossums (D. marsupialis) in titers of 1:25 in 46, 1:50 in 20, 1:100 in 17, and 1:400 in 1. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the IFAT. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT, similar to1:25) were found in 82 (20.4%) of the 396 opossums, in titers of 1:25 in 24, 1:50 in 26, 1: 100 in 18, 1:200 in 13, and 1:800 in 1. The IFAT antibodies to T. gondii were found in 148 of 396 opossums, in titers of 1: 16 in 41, 1:32 in 23, 1:64 in 13, 1:128 in 6, 1:256 in 20, 1:512 in 17, 1:1,024 in 10, 1:2,048 in 10, 1:4,096 in 7, and 1:8,192 in 1. This is the first report of N. caninum and T. gondii infections in D. marsupialis. C1 Ctr Controle Zoonoses Prefeitura Municipio Sao Pa, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Div Tecn Med Vet & Manejo Fauna Silvestre Prefeit, Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Ctr Controle Zoonoses Prefeitura Municipio Sao Pa, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 870 EP 871 DI 10.1645/GE-83R PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800046 PM 14533710 ER PT J AU Heathwaite, L Sharpley, A Bechmann, M AF Heathwaite, L Sharpley, A Bechmann, M TI The conceptual basis for a decision support framework to assess the risk of phosphorus loss at the field scale across Europe SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Development of a Risk Assissment Methodology for Predicting P Losses at the Field Scale CY OCT 16-19, 2002 CL SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND HO SWISS FED INST TECHNOL DE phosphorus; decision support system; diffuse pollution; COST832 ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SURFACE RUNOFF; UK PERSPECTIVE; SOIL; DRAINAGE; MODEL; ENGLAND; WALES AB We report a conceptual framework for a simple screening tool to evaluate the vulnerability of different fields in the landscape to phosphorus (P) loss within the European agricultural context. Our work builds on the principles established for the P Index system developed in the United States. We examine the differing needs and criteria for a range of EU member states and EFTA countries and highlight essential and optional criteria for inclusion in the decision support framework depending on their ecoregional characteristics. A framework such as this, meets in principle, the needs of the COST832 Action 'Quantifying the Agricultural Contribution to Eutrophication' as it deals with diffuse nutrient sources from agriculture, and aids more targeted use of practical strategies to mitigate nutrient losses to minimise the potential for the eutrophication of receiving waters. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Jordforsk Ctr Soil & Environm Res, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Heathwaite, L (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. OI Heathwaite, Ann Louise/0000-0001-8791-0039 NR 89 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.-Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenkd. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 166 IS 4 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1002/jpln.200321154 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 718TX UT WOS:000185163500008 ER PT J AU Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA AF Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA TI Fructans in crested wheatgrass leaves SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agropyron; biofurcose; carbohydrates; crested wheatgrass; fructan biosynthetic pathways; fructan structures; grass; inulin; levan ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; OLIGOMERS; SUCROSE; PURIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOHYDRATE; GENE; 6-FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE; EXPRESSION; DACTYLIS AB Crested wheatgrass is an important cool-season grass that has become naturalized in many semiarid regions of the western U.S. It provides ground cover and reduces soil erosion caused by water and wind. Additionally, crested wheatgrass produces important forage for livestock and wildlife on 6 to 8 million hectars of western rangeland. It is well adapted to semiarid cold desert regions because of its cool temperature growth and drought tolerance. Understanding the biosynthesis of fructans in crested wheatgrass is important because of their likely role in both cool temperature growth and drought tolerance. Recent research described a major gene (6-SFT) in crested wheatgrass that is involved in fructan biosynthesis. 1-kestotriose, the major DP3 fructan in crested wheatgrass, serves as the substrate for the two major DP4 fructans, 1&6-kestotetraose and 1,1-kestotetraose. The three major DP5 fructans are 1&6,1-kestopentaose, 1,1&6-kestopentaose and 1,1,1-kestopentaose. The major DP 6 fructan is 16;1&6-kestohexaose. We postulate that 16;1&6-kestohexaose is synthesized from the addition of a fructose to 1&6,1-kestopentaose. This paper provides structures of the various DP3, 4, 5 and 6 fructan types produced by crested wheatgrass and provides suggested bio-synthetic pathways for all major fructan linkage types present. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chatterton, NJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 160 IS 8 BP 843 EP 849 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 713TK UT WOS:000184874200001 PM 13677323 ER PT J AU Roussel, AM Kerkeni, A Zouari, N Mahjoub, S Matheau, JM Anderson, RA AF Roussel, AM Kerkeni, A Zouari, N Mahjoub, S Matheau, JM Anderson, RA TI Antioxidant effects of zinc supplementation in Tunisians with type 2 diabetes mellitus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc; oxidative stress; TBARS; lipid peroxidation; diabetes; trace elements ID TRACE-ELEMENT STATUS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THIOBARBITURIC ACID; METABOLIC CONTROL; INSULIN; PLASMA; GLUCOSE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; GLYCATION AB Objective: To determine the effects of zinc (Zn) supplementation on oxidative stress in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Design: Tunisian adult subjects with HbAlc > 7.5% were supplemented for six months with 30 mg/day of Zn as Zn gluconate or placebo. The effects of supplementation on plasma zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), urinary Zn, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities (GPX) in red blood cells, blood lipids and lipoproteins, HbAlc and fasting glucose were measured at the beginning of the study and after three and six months. Results: At the beginning of the study, more than 30% of the subjects exhibited plasma Zn values less than the normal minimum of 10.7 mumol/L, whereas levels of plasma Cu and antioxidant RBC Cu-Zn SOD and GPx enzyme activities were in the normal ranges. Oxidative stress, monitored by plasma TBARS, was increased in individuals with diabetes compared with healthy Tunisian subjects (3.32 +/- 0.05 mumol/L vs. 2.08 +/- 0.04 mumol/L) and an inverse correlation was found between Zn plasma levels and plasma TBARS. After three and six months of Zn supplementation, all of the subjects exhibited plasma Zn values greater than 10.7 mumol/L. There was a decrease of plasma TBARS in Zn supplemented group after six months (15%) with no significant changes in the placebo group. Supplementation did not alter significantly HbAlc nor glucose homeostasis. No adverse effects of Zn supplementation were observed on Cu status or HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: These data suggest the potential beneficial antioxidant effects of Zn supplementation in persons with type 2 DM. These results are particularly important in light of the deleterious consequences of oxidative stress in persons with diabetes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hop Monastir, Serv Med Interne, Monastir, Tunisia. Hop Habib Bourguiba, Serv Explorat Fonctionnelle Endocrinol & Metab, Sfax, Tunisia. Fac Med, Biophys Lab, Monastir, Tunisia. Labs Labcatal, Montrouge, France. Univ Grenoble 1, Oxidat Stress Lab, LBSO, Grenoble, France. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Bldg 307,Rm 224, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 50 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 316 EP 321 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 707RR UT WOS:000184524100010 PM 12897047 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Haudenschild, C Latham, P Ranich, T Mohamed, AI Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT AF Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Haudenschild, C Latham, P Ranich, T Mohamed, AI Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT TI Protective effects of flax meal against hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in rats - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; LIPIDS; FAT C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ain Shams Univ, Dept Food Sci, Cairo, Egypt. Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 327 EP 329 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 707RR UT WOS:000184524100012 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Mohamed, AA AF Xu, JY Mohamed, AA TI Thermal and rheological properties of Lupinus albus flour SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DSC; lupin proteins; rheology; thermodynamics; viscoelastic properties AB The thermal and rheological properties of lupin flour were investigated by DSC and rheometry. DSC study showed that whole and defatted lupin meal had identical thermal properties, and lupin had the same glass transition as the wheat protein gluten. By measuring the linear rheological properties of a series of concentrations of defatted lupin suspensions, we found that defatted lupin suspensions exhibited strong viscoelastic solid properties, which were to some extent similar to those of gluten. Both storage (G') and loss (G") moduli increased dramatically over a narrow range of lupin concentrations. The linear range of the rheological properties of lupin was very small. The stress relaxation studies showed that the lupin suspensions did not relax a decade within a thousand seconds, indicating that the molecules of lupin have strong physical interactions. This research offered new insight into physical properties of lupin and will be useful for further studies on applications for lupin. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM xuj@ncaur.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 8 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0769-y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714GR UT WOS:000184905200005 ER PT J AU Neff, WE Warner, K Eller, F AF Neff, WE Warner, K Eller, F TI Effect of gamma-tocopherol on formation of nonvolatile lipid degradation products during frying of potato chips in triolein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fryer oil; frying; mass spectrometry; nonvolatile degradation products; potato chips; gamma-tocopherol; tocopherol; triolein ID HEATED TRIOLEIN; TRILINOLEIN; OILS; ODOR AB Formation of undesirable odors and flavors during food processing operations is an important problem for the food industry. To determine the effect of gamma-tocopherol on these negative attributes of fried food, we fried potato chips in triolein with 0, 100, or 400 ppm gamma-tocopherol. Triolein extracted from potato chips was sampled for residual gamma-tocopherol and nonvolatile degradation products after the chips were aged. RP-HPLC coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS and size-exclusion chromatography was used to analyze samples for degradation products in the triolein absorbed in potato chips as well as the fryer triolein. MS results showed that gamma-tocopherol reduced the production of nonvolatile degradation products in the triolein absorbed by the potato chips and in the triolein in the fryer. Fryer oil samples and extracted potato chip oils with 400 ppm gamma-tocopherol had a significantly lower production of degradation compounds than did samples with 100 ppm gamma-tocopherol. Both fryer oils and potato chips containing 100 ppm gamma-tocopherol had significantly fewer nonvolatile degradation products than did the samples without gamma-tocopherol. These nonvolatile compounds are known precursors of negative odors and flavor compounds produced during the frying and aging of foods. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 8 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0775-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714GR UT WOS:000184905200011 ER PT J AU Hwang, HS Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ AF Hwang, HS Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ TI Preparation and properties of lubricant basestocks from epoxidized soybean oil and 2-ethylhexanol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE epoxidized soybean oil; 2-ethylhexanol; lubricant; oxidative stability; PDSC; pour point; synthetic lubricant ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; FATS AB Synthetic lubricant basestocks were prepared from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) to be used alone or with polyalphaolefin (PAO). Sulfuric acid-catalyzed reaction of ESO with 2-EH involves a ring-opening reaction at the epoxy group followed by transesterification at the ester group. Reaction with other catalysts including p-toluenesulfonic acid, Dowex 50W-8X, boron trifluoride, and sodium methoxide was also examined. Pour points of the products were observed as low as -21 and -30degreesC without and with 1% of pour point depressant, respectively. When the hydroxy groups in the products were esterified with an acid anhydride, lower pour points were observed. Pour point depression of the product by adding PAO has been tested. Oxidative stability of the product was examined using pressurized DSC and compared with those of synthetic lubricant basestocks, PAO, and a synthetic ester. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 8 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0777-y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 714GR UT WOS:000184905200013 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV Dick, WA AF Bonta, JV Dick, WA TI Impact of coal surface mining and reclamation on surface water chemical concentrations and load rates in three Ohio watersheds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water chemistry; NRCS curve number; strip mining; water quality; flow duration curves; diversions ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; HYDROLOGY; QUALITY; EROSION AB Information is lacking on the watershed scale effects of mining and reclaiming originally undisturbed watersheds for coal on surface water chemical concentrations and load rates for a variety of constituents. These effects were evaluated on three small, geologically dissimilar watersheds subjected to surface mining in Ohio. Comparisons were made between phases of land disturbances using ratios of average concentrations and load rates: Phase I (natural), subphases of Phase 2 (mining and reclamation), and subphases of Phase 3 (partial reclamation and final condition) using 4,485 laboratory analyses of 34 constituents. Average concentration and load rate ratios were categorized into three classes - minor, moderate, and substantial. Mining and reclamation (M/R) affected flow duration curves in different ways - baseflow changes were variable, but high flows generally increased. The average concentration ratios for all sites were classified as 15 percent "minor," 36 percent "moderate," and 49 percent "substantial" (average ratio of 2.4.) Generally load rate ratios increased due to mining and reclamation activities (average ratio of 3.3). Minor, moderate, and substantial impacts were found on average for 7 percent, 23 percent, and 70 percent, respectively, of load rate ratios. The impact of M/R on average load rates was not necessarily the same as on average concentrations due to changed hydrology and can be opposite in effect. The evaluation of the impacts of M/R requires knowledge of changing hydrologic conditions and changing supplies and rates of release of chemicals into streams. Median sediment concentration ratio is an indicator of average constituent load rate ratio of a wide variety of chemical constituents and is useful for development of best management practices to reduce chemical loads. The site at which diversion ditches were not removed during final reclamation sustained large chemical load rates, and removal of diversions at the other mined site reduced load rates. Revegetation of poorly reclaimed areas decreased chemical load rates. Chemical load rates were sensitive to geology, mining, and reclamation methods, diversions, and changing hydrology, concentration flow rate regressions, and watershed areas. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 793 EP 815 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04406.x PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100005 ER PT J AU Santos-Roman, DM Warner, GS Scatena, F AF Santos-Roman, DM Warner, GS Scatena, F TI Multivariate analysis of water quality and physical characteristics of selected watersheds in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; multivariate analysis; factor analysis; cluster analysis; discriminant analysis; Puerto Rico ID LAND-USE; PASTURES AB Multivariate analyses were used to develop equations that could predict certain water quality (WQ) conditions for unmonitored watersheds in Puerto Rico based on their physical characteristics. Long term WQ data were used to represent the WQ of 15 watersheds in Puerto Rico. A factor analysis (FA) was performed to reduce the number of chemical constituents. Cluster analysis (CA) was used to group watersheds with similar WQ characteristics. Finally, a discriminant analysis (DA) was performed to relate the WQ clusters to different physical parameters and generate predicting equations. The FA identified six factors (77 percent of variation explained): nutrients, dissolved ions, sodium and chloride, silicacious geology, redox conditions, and discharge. From the FA, specific conductance, sodium, phosphorous, silica, and dissolved oxygen were selected to represent the WQ characteristics in the CA. The CA determined five groups of watersheds (forested, urban polluted, mixed urban/rural, forested plutonic, and limestone) with similar WQ properties. From the five WQ clusters, two categories can be observed: forested and urban watersheds. The DA found that changes in forest cover, percent of limestone, mean annual rainfall, and watershed shape factor were the most important physical features affecting the WQ of watersheds in Puerto Rico. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Warner, GS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04408.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100007 ER PT J AU Lu, JB Sun, G McNulty, SG Amatya, DM AF Lu, JB Sun, G McNulty, SG Amatya, DM TI Modeling actual evapotranspiration from forested watersheds across the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE regional evapotranspiration; land use change; forest hydrology; modeling; regression ID SAP-FLOW; EVAPORATION; HYDROLOGY; SCALE; BALANCE; FLORIDA; ECOSYSTEMS; TRENDS; FLUX; US AB About 50 to 80 percent of precipitation in the south-eastern United States returns to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration. As evapotranspiration is a major component in the forest water balances, accurately quantifying it is critical to predicting the effects of forest management and global change on water, sediment, and nutrient yield from forested watersheds. However, direct measurement of forest evapotranspiration on a large basin or a regional scale is not possible. The objectives of this study were to develop an empirical model to estimate long-term annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) for forested watersheds and to quantify spatial AET patterns across the southeast. A geographic information system (GIS) database including land cover, daily streamflow, and climate was developed using long term experimental and monitoring data from 39 forested watersheds across the region. Using the stepwise selection method implemented in a statistical modeling package, a long term annual AET model was constructed. The final multivariate linear model includes four independent variables - annual precipitation, watershed latitude, watershed elevation, and percentage of forest coverage. The model has an adjusted R-2 of 0.794 and is sufficient to predict long term annual AET for forested watersheds across the southeastern United States. The model developed by this study may be used to examine the spatial variability of water availability, estimate annual water loss from mesoscale watersheds, and project potential water yield change due to forest cover change. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Lu, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, 920 Main Campus Dr,Venture 2,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 887 EP 896 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100012 ER PT J AU Allen, SB Dwyer, JP Wallace, DC Cook, EA AF Allen, SB Dwyer, JP Wallace, DC Cook, EA TI Missouri River flood of 1993: Role of woody corridor width in levee protection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE woody corridor; levee stability; land use planning; Missouri River; surface water hydrology; geomorphology ID VEGETATION AB We investigated the relationships between levee damage and woody corridor along a 353-mile segment of the Missouri River in Missouri during the flood of 1993. Results indicated that woody corridors between riverbanks and primary levees played a significant role in the reduction or prevention of flood related damage to levees. Forty-one percent of levee failures in this segment occurred in areas with no woody corridor, while 74 percent and 83 percent of failures occurred where woody corridor widths were less than 300 feet and less than 500 feet, respectively. Median failure lengths with a woody corridor present were 50.3 percent shorter than median failure lengths with no woody corridor present. Levees without failures had significantly wider median woody corridor widths than levees that failed. Eligibility for the Corps of Engineers levee maintenance program was not a significant factor in the reduction of levee damage. Discontinuities in woody corridors played a role in 27.5 percent of the levee failures in the study segment. Smaller segments of the river valley were studied to determine if geomorphic differences influenced variations in the protective value of woody corridors. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, State Off, Parkade Ctr, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Allen, SB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 923 EP 933 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04416.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100015 ER PT J AU Zelek, CA Shively, GE AF Zelek, CA Shively, GE TI Measuring the opportunity cost of carbon sequestration in tropical agriculture SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUESTERING CARBON; FORESTS; LAND AB We present a method for measuring the opportunity cost of sequestering carbon on tropical farms. We derive the rates of carbon sequestration for timber and agroforestry systems and compute incentive compatible compensating payment schedules for farmers who sequester carbon. The method is applied to data for an agricultural watershed in the Philippines. Area- and land quality-adjusted total costs are estimated. The present value of the opportunity cost of carbon storage via land modification falls between $3.30 and $62.50 per ton. Carbon storage through agroforestry is found to be less costly than via a pure tree-based system. C1 USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zelek, CA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 79 IS 3 BP 342 EP 354 DI 10.2307/3147021 PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704FM UT WOS:000184328300003 ER PT J AU Erwerta, RD Eiting, KT Tupper, JC Winn, RK Harlan, JM Bannerman, DD AF Erwerta, RD Eiting, KT Tupper, JC Winn, RK Harlan, JM Bannerman, DD TI Shiga toxin induces decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 concomitant with the onset of endothelial apoptosis SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Shiga-like toxin; endothelial; hemolytic uremic syndrome; apoptosis; Bcl-2 ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BCL-2 FAMILY; CELLS; INHIBITION; CASPASES AB Shiga toxin (Stx) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human and animal disease states. A key host target of Stx is the endothelial cell. Stx induces endothelial cell apoptosis through a mechanism that remains unknown. In the present report, we demonstrate that Stx-1 and Stx-2 inhibit endothelial cell expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Mcl-1. Decreased expression of Mcl-1 preceded the onset of Stx-induced apoptosis. Further, Stx-1-induced decrements in Mcl-1 expression correlated in a dose-dependent manner with sensitization to Stx-1-induced apoptosis. Finally, inhibition of Mcl-1 degradation with the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, protected against Stx-1-induced apoptosis. These combined data suggest a role for Mcl-1 in protecting endothelial cells against Stx-1-induced apoptosis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL72262, HL18645]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42686, GM07037] NR 33 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0882-4010(03)00100-1 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 713FC UT WOS:000184845600006 PM 12901848 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Huntley, JFJ Miltner, E Stabel, JR Bermudez, LE AF Bannantine, JP Huntley, JFJ Miltner, E Stabel, JR Bermudez, LE TI The Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis 35 kDa protein plays a role in invasion of bovine epithelial cells SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID 35-KILODALTON PROTEIN; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; JOHNES-DISEASE; OXYGEN-TENSION; PEYERS-PATCHES; LEPRAE; GENE; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) enters intestinal epithelial cells of cattle and other ruminants via a mechanism that remains to be fully elucidated. This study showed that a gene encoding the M. paratuberculosis 35 kDa major membrane protein (MMP) is expressed at a higher level in low-oxygen and high-osmolarity conditions that are similar to the environment of the intestine. In addition, cattle with Johne's disease produced antibodies against MMP, suggesting that the protein is present during infection. The gene encoding MMP was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein (MBP-MMP) in Escherichia coli. Rabbit antisera were raised against a M. paratuberculosis whole-cell sonicate and MMP-specific antibodies were purified from these sera by affinity chromatography. MMP was localized to the surface of M. paratuberculosis by immunoelectron microscopy and by immunoblot analysis of fractionated protein lysates. Both anti-MMP antibodies and MBP-MMP protein inhibited M. paratuberculosis invasion of cultured Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells by 30 %. In similar invasion experiments with M. paratuberculosis incubated in low oxygen tension, these antibodies and protein decreased invasion by 60 %. Collectively, these data show that the 35 kDa MMP is a surface exposed protein that plays a role in invasion of epithelial cells. The authors suggest that the MMP is a virulence factor of M. paratuberculosis that may be important in the initiation of infection in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Huntley, Jason/N-3848-2015; OI Huntley, Jason/0000-0002-0501-6103; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 33 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2003 VL 149 BP 2061 EP 2069 DI 10.1099/mic.0.26323-0 PN 8 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 713FK UT WOS:000184846300013 PM 12904546 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Wu, MT AF Carlson, SA Wu, MT TI Avoidance of false PCR results with the integron-retron junction in multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE integron; retron; Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; PCR ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DT104; GENES; SEQUENCE; REGION AB Salmonella infections continue to cause gastrointestinal and systemic disease throughout the world. Another concern with this pathogen is the ability to acquire integrons that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics. For multiresistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, the most common multiresistant Salmonella serotype, an integron structure can be found between thdF and a retron. Our objective was to investigate the utility of a 450 by thdF-retron amplicon as an indicator of an insertless thdF-retron junction thus indicating an integron-free strain. Surprisingly, we found that the 450 by thdF-retron amplicon was present, and thus incorrectly suggesting an integron-free status, in some multiresistant S. enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates. However, this phenomenon was not observed if the isolate was enriched in the presence of two antibiotics. This demonstrates that, within some individual clinical isolates of multiresistant S. enterica serotype Typhimurium, there exists a small subpopulation of integron-free bacteria. Consequently, it appears that the thdF-retron amplicon is an inaccurate predictor of integron status in S. enterica serotype Typhimurium unless multiresistance is used as a selection tool during enrichment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd,Box 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0890-8508(03)00051-3 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 721KC UT WOS:000185314700009 PM 12944121 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Hammond, RW Jomantiene, R Dally, EL Lee, IM Jia, H Wu, H Lin, S Zhang, P Kenton, S Najar, FZ Hua, A Roe, BA Fletcher, J Davis, RE AF Zhao, Y Hammond, RW Jomantiene, R Dally, EL Lee, IM Jia, H Wu, H Lin, S Zhang, P Kenton, S Najar, FZ Hua, A Roe, BA Fletcher, J Davis, RE TI Gene content and organization of an 85-kb DNA segment from the genome of the phytopathogenic mollicute Spiroplasma kankelii SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma kunkelii; genome sequence; ribosomal protein; ABC-type transporter; phase variation ID CORN STUNT DISEASE; RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN OPERON; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; SPC; PHOSPHATE; REARRANGEMENTS; CLASSIFICATION AB Spiroplasma kunkelii, the causative agent of corn stunt disease in maize (Zea mays L.), is a helical, cell wall-less prokaryote assigned to the class Mollicutes. As part of a project to sequence the entire S. kunkelii genome, we analyzed an 85-kb DNA segment from the pathogenic strain CR2-3x. This genome segment contains 101 ORFs and two tRNA genes. The majority of the ORFs code for predicted proteins that can be assigned to respective clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). These COGs cover diverse functional categories including genetic information storage and processing, cellular processes, and metabolism. The most notable gene cluster in this genome segment is a super-operon capable of encoding 24 ribosomal proteins. The organization of genes in this operon reflects the unique evolutionary position of the spiroplasma. Gene duplications, domain rearrangements, and frameshift mutations in the segment are interpreted as indicators of phase variation in the spiroplasma. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of a large genome segment from a plant pathogenic spiroplasma. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Phytovirus Lab, Microbial Mol Biol Grp, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Room 118,Bldg 004, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 269 IS 5 BP 592 EP 602 DI 10.1007/s00438-003-0878-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 725QJ UT WOS:000185553600002 PM 12845528 ER PT J AU Bradeen, JM Naess, SK Song, J Haberlach, GT Wielgus, SM Buell, CR Jiang, J Helgeson, JP AF Bradeen, JM Naess, SK Song, J Haberlach, GT Wielgus, SM Buell, CR Jiang, J Helgeson, JP TI Concomitant reiterative BAC walking and fine genetic mapping enable physical map development for the broad-spectrum late blight resistance region, RB SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Solanum bulbocastanum; general resistance; reiterative mapping; Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) ID SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; POTATO; DNA; PHYTOPHTHORA; ANALOGS; RFLP; ARABIDOPSIS; FRAGMENTS; EVOLUTION; MARKERS AB The wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum is a source of genes for potent late blight resistance. We previously mapped resistance to a single region of the S. bulbocastanum chromosome 8 and named the region RB (for "Resistance from S. Bulbocastanum"). We now report physical mapping and contig construction for the RB region via a novel reiterative method of BAC walking and concomitant fine genetic mapping. BAC walking was initiated using RFLP markers previously shown to be associated with late blight resistance. Sub-contig extension was accomplished using new probes developed from BAC ends. Significantly, BAC end and partial BAC sequences were also used to develop PCR-based markers to enhance map resolution in the RB region. As they were developed from BAC clones of known position relative to RB, our PCR-based markers are known a priori to be physically closer to the resistance region. These markers allowed the efficient screening of large numbers of segregating progeny at the cotyledon stage, and permitted us to assign the resistance phenotype to a region of approximately 55 kb. Our markers also directed BAC walking efforts away from regions distantly related to RB in favor of the 55-kb region. Because the S. bulbocastanum genotype used in BAC library construction is heterozygous for RB (RB/rb), codominant PCR-based markers, originally developed for fine-scale mapping, were also used to determine homolog origins for individual BAC clones. Ultimately, BAC contigs were constructed for the RB region from both resistant (RB) and susceptible (M) homologs. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Helgeson, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 269 IS 5 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1007/s00438-003-0865-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 725QJ UT WOS:000185553600003 PM 12827499 ER PT J AU de los Reyes, BG Myers, SJ McGrath, JM AF de los Reyes, BG Myers, SJ McGrath, JM TI Differential induction of glyoxylate cycle enzymes by stress as a marker for seedling vigor in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE anaplerotic pathway; germination; isocitrate lyase; seedling vigor; stress tolerance ID LYASE GENE-EXPRESSION; ISOCITRATE LYASE; GERMINATION; EMBRYOGENESIS; CULTIVAR; CUCUMBER; PROTEIN; GROWTH; L. AB Significant differences in seedling vigor exist among sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) hybrids; however, traditional approaches to breeding enhanced vigor have not proven effective. Seedling vigor is a complex character, but presumably includes efficient mobilization of seed storage reserves during germination and efficient seedling growth in diverse environments. The involvement of lipid metabolism during germination. of sugar beet under stress conditions was suggested by the isolation at high frequency of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) with similarity to isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1). High-level expression of this glyoxylate cycle enzyme during germination and seedling emergence was also suggested by nucleotide sequencing of cDNA libraries obtained from a well emerging sugar beet hybrid during germination under stress. Genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid catabolism were differentially expressed in a strongly emerging hybrid, relative to a weakly emerging hybrid, during stress germination. Stress markedly reduced the levels of a-amylase transcripts in the weakly emerging hybrid. In contrast, the strongly emerging hybrid exhibited only a moderate reduction in a-amylase transcript levels under the same conditions, and showed large increases in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting compensation by lipid for carbohydrate metabolism in the better emerging hybrid. Differential activity of the glyoxylate cycle thus appears to be a physiological marker that distinguishes between high- and low-vigor sugar beet cultivars. This finding suggests, for the first time, a biochemical target for selection for enhanced germination and improved emergence in sugar beet. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McGrath, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, 494 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 269 IS 5 BP 692 EP 698 DI 10.1007/s00438-003-0875-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 725QJ UT WOS:000185553600012 PM 12836014 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Molecular cloning and endometrial expression of porcine amphiregulin SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE uterine capacity; gene expression; differential splicing ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; UTERINE CAPACITY; MEISHAN; REGION; GENE; SECRETION; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; SWINE AB The porcine amphiregulin gene was previously reported to be within the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for uterine capacity on chromosome 8. Because amphiregulin stimulates cell proliferation, the amphiregulin gene might be responsible for this QTL. The objectives of this study were to clone amphiregulin cDNA and compare endometrial expression of its mRNA in pregnant Meishan (M) and White composite (WC) pigs. We obtained two amphiregulin cDNAs, one with 1,221 bp and another with 1,109 bp. The 112 bp difference corresponded to exon 5 of the human amphiregulin gene, which codes for the cytoplasmic domain. Endometrial mRNA expression of amphiregulin was significantly lower in M pigs than in WC pigs during early pregnancy (day 15-40 of gestation). Amphiregulin mRNA expression in the endometrium of both M and WC pigs increased (P< 0.01) from days 15 to 20, decreased (P=0.01) from days 20 to 30, and did not change between days 30 and 40. This may result in reduced amphiregulin protein production leading to the slower development of M conceptuses, contributing to greater uterine capacity and litter size in prolific Chinese M pigs. Porcine genomic sequences isolated from a bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library contained exon 5, suggesting that the deletion of exon 5 in the mRNA may be due to differential splicing. The amphiregulin gene consisted of six exons and five introns spanning 10.3 kb. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 65 IS 4 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1002/mrd.10314 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 700QK UT WOS:000184122500003 PM 12840809 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Hepburn, HR Ellis, AM Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Hepburn, HR Ellis, AM Elzen, PJ TI Prison construction and guarding behaviour by European honeybees is dependent on inmate small hive beetle density SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID AETHINA-TUMIDA COLEOPTERA; APIS-MELLIFERA; NITIDULIDAE; BEES; CAPE AB Increasing small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) density changes prison construction and guarding behaviour in European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). These changes include more guard bees per imprisoned beetle and the construction of more beetle prisons at the higher beetle density. Despite this, the number of beetles per prison (inmate density) did not change. Beetles solicited food more actively at the higher density and at night. In response, guard bees increased their aggressive behaviour towards beetle prisoners but did not feed beetles more at the higher density. Only 5% of all beetles were found among the combs at the low density but this percentage increased five-fold at the higher one. Successful comb infiltration (and thus reproduction) by beetles is a possible explanation for the significant damage beetles cause to European honeybee colonies in the USA. C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. EM g01e3989@campus.ru.ac.za RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 EI 1432-1904 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD AUG PY 2003 VL 90 IS 8 BP 382 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s00114-003-0447-y PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 727RP UT WOS:000185672700008 PM 12955230 ER PT J AU Hacisalihoglu, G Kochian, LV AF Hacisalihoglu, G Kochian, LV TI How do some plants tolerate low levels of soil zinc? Mechanisms of zinc efficiency in crop plants SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE Zinc deficiency; Zinc efficiency; uptake; compartmentalization; bean; wheat; genetics ID CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY; DEFICIENT CALCAREOUS SOIL; BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES; PHYTOSIDEROPHORE RELEASE; ZN EFFICIENCY; LEAVES; NUTRITION; SENSITIVITY; HOMEOSTASIS; EXPRESSION AB Researchers are beginning to understand how some plant genotypes can maintain reasonable growth and yields under low soil Zn, a trait termed zinc efficiency (ZE). Several studies have shown no correlation between ZE and root Zn uptake, Zn translocation to shoot, or shoot Zn accumulation. Furthermore, it has not been possible to conclusively link differences in leaf subcellular Zn compartmentation with ZE. However, biochemical Zn utilization, including the ability to maintain the activity of Zn requiring enzymes in response to Zn deficiency may be a key component of ZE. The next logical step in investigations of this trait is research on the genetic and molecular basis for ZE, in order to better understand the relationship between Zn utilization and ZE, and to identify the gene(s) controlling ZE. Progress in this research area could provide the knowledge to facilitate the engineering of Zn-efficient plant varieties, which could help both crop production on marginal soils as well as possibly improve the micronutrient density of food crops to help address significant human nutrition problems related to micronutrient deficiency. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM LVK1@cornell.edu RI Hacisalihoglu, Gokhan/M-3760-2013; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 50 TC 103 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 159 IS 2 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00826.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 698ZW UT WOS:000184032200006 ER PT J AU Dunham, J Rieman, B Chandler, G AF Dunham, J Rieman, B Chandler, G TI Influences of temperature and environmental variables on the distribution of bull trout within streams at the southern margin of its range SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; WINTER; VARIABILITY; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; SALMON AB The bull trout Salvelinus confluentus is believed to be among the most thermally sensitive species in coldwater habitats in western North America. We conducted a comprehensive field assessment of thermal habitat associations throughout the southern margin of the species' range. We developed models of thermal habitat associations using two data sets representing a geographically diverse range of sites and sampling methods. In both data sets, maximum temperature was strongly associated with the distribution of bull trout. In spite of the potential biases in these data sets, model predictions were similar. In both cases, the probability of the occurrence of bull trout exceeded 50% when the maximum daily temperature was less than 14-16degreesC, a result that is consistent with recent laboratory-based thermal tolerances. In one data set, we modeled the association between the distribution of bull trout and environmental variables, including temperature, instream cover, channel form, substrate, and the abundance of native and normative salmonid fishes. Only temperature was strongly associated with the distribution of bull trout. Our results and related studies of landscape habitat associations suggest that conservation efforts for bull trout would benefit from a focus on maintaining and restoring large and interconnected coldwater habitats. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Dunham, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.1577/M02-028 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600021 ER PT J AU Dunham, J Schroeter, R Rieman, B AF Dunham, J Schroeter, R Rieman, B TI Influence of maximum water temperature on occurrence of Lahontan cutthroat trout within streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID THERMAL REFUGIA; ABUNDANCE; CHARRS; RANGE AB We measured water temperature at 87 sites in six streams in two different years (1998 and 1999) to test for association with the occurrence of Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi. Because laboratory studies suggest that Lahontan cutthroat trout begin to show signs of acute stress at warm (>22degreesC) temperatures, we focused on the maximum daily temperature. The maximum daily temperature associated with the occurrence of Lahontan cutthroat trout ranged from 18.9degreesC to 28.5degreesC. Occurrence was more likely at colder (<26degreesC) sites. In two streams, the maximum daily temperature associated with the occurrence of these trout was relatively cool (less than or equal to20degreesC). In these streams, the response to temperature may have been modified by extreme declines in streamflow in late summer. The air temperatures measured during the study were not consistently related to maximum water temperatures, but air temperature is useful for predicting the distribution of Lahontan cutthroat trout at larger scales (e.g., the geographic pattern of fish distribution among streams as distinct from occurrence within streams). The results of this work suggest a link between the thermal tolerance of individuals in the laboratory and the occurrence of fish within streams and a provide a mechanism for the observed geographic patterns in the distribution of local populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dunham, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1049 DI 10.1577/02-029 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600039 ER PT J AU Ding, ST Wang, JC Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST Wang, JC Mersmann, HJ TI Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on porcine adipocyte differentiation. SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; adipocyte differentiation; PPAR gamma; C/EBP alpha; lipoprotein lipase; adipocyte fatty acid binding protein ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; AP2 GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PPAR-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; SUBTYPE TRANSCRIPTS; EICOSANOIDS; CELLS; LIGANDS AB Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) stimulate clonal preadipocyte differentiation with a-linolenic acid (C 18:3) being very potent. Porcine preadipocytes were differentiated for 24 h with 0, 50, 100, or 300 muM oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), or C18:3. Differentiation was increased to a greater extent by C18:1 and C18:2 than by C18:3 (P<0.01) suggesting species differences. The increase in mRNA for the transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha, and for the adipocyte-characteristic protein, lipoprotein lipase was less than twofold in all cases. Increased differentiation with small increases in PPARgamma mRNA suggests the FAs provided ligand to activate PPARgamma already present at initiation of differentiation when ligand synthesis was minimal. Fatty acid binding protein mRNA was increased several-fold by all three FAs. If these results extrapolate to the intact animal, they suggest the dietary FA composition will differentially affect fat deposition in the pig. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Ding, Shih-Torng/0000-0002-9866-1776 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1069 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00079-4 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 706ZJ UT WOS:000184484700008 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB AF Stephensen, CB TI Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and mother-to-child transmission of HIV SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE vitamin A; beta-carotene; HIV; transmission; pregnancy ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; SUPPLEMENTATION; TANZANIA; FERRETS; AFRICA; WOMEN; LUNGS AB The role of maternal vitamin A supplements in decreasing the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission has been examined in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, there is no reduction in either mortality or HIV transmission in two recent studies. Contrary to expectations, one study reported an increased risk of transmission using vitamin A plus beta-carotene supplements. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 61 IS 8 BP 280 EP 284 DI 10.1301/nr.2003.aug.280-284 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 738PE UT WOS:000186296400003 PM 13677590 ER PT J AU Haines, PS Hama, MY Guilkey, DK Popkin, BM AF Haines, PS Hama, MY Guilkey, DK Popkin, BM TI Weekend eating in the united states is linked with greater energy, fat, and alcohol intake SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caloric intake; weekend-weekday; dietary intake determinants ID DIETARY-INTAKE; US AB Objectives: To determine if macronutrient consumption for the U.S. population is greater on weekend days than weekdays. Research Methods and Procedures: The nationally representative 1994 to 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals was used for this analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using two independent days of dietary recall data. Ordinary least squares multivariate analysis was used to analyze dietary outcome variables to explore the effect of weekend day vs. weekday intake. Results: This study's results indicate that statistically significant dietary intake differences occur for different days of the week but not for all age groups-nor for all nutrients. The average American, 2 years and older, consumes 82 kcal more per day on each weekend day (Friday through Sunday) than they do on weekdays (Monday through Thursday). These overall increases in dietary intake are significant for the overall sample and are largest for the 19- to 50-year-old age group; among this age group, the weekend day increase (vs. weekday) is 115 kcal/d. The increased proportions of energy from fat and alcohol consumed on weekends are greater for this adult age group by 0.7% and 1.4%, respectively, whereas the proportion of energy from carbohydrate decreases 1.6%. Discussion: The effects of weekend days on nutrient intake are substantial and should be considered in future clinical and population-based interventions and in dietary monitoring and research in the U.S. C1 Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Econ, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Popkin, BM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Dept Nutr, CB 8120 Univ Sq,123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. NR 10 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 945 EP 949 DI 10.1038/oby.2003.130 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 711QR UT WOS:000184753000005 PM 12917498 ER PT J AU Lombardero, MJ Ayres, MP Hofstetter, RW Moser, JC Lepzig, KD AF Lombardero, MJ Ayres, MP Hofstetter, RW Moser, JC Lepzig, KD TI Strong indirect interactions of Tarsonemus mites (Acarina : Tarsonemidae) and Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; BLUESTAIN FUNGUS; ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; PHORETIC MITES; BARK BEETLES; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; POPULATIONS AB Phoretic mites of bark beetles are classic examples of commensal ectosymbionts. However, many such mites appear to have mutualisms with fungi that could themselves interact with beetles. We tested for indirect effects of phoretic mites on Dendroctonus frontalis, which attacks and kills pine trees in North America. Tarsonemus mites are known to carry ascospores of Ophiostoma minus, which tends to outcompete the mutualistic fungi carried by D. frontalis. Experimental additions and removals of mites from beetles demonstrated that Tarsonemus propagate O. minus in beetle oviposition galleries. Furthermore, the abundance of Tarsonemus and O. minus tended to covary in nature. These results verified a strong mutualism between Torsonemus and O. minus. Results also indicated that O. minus is an antagonist of D. frontalis: beetle larvae seldom survived in the presence of O. minus (compared to 83%, survival elsewhere). Apparently, this is an indirect result of O. minus outcompeting the two species of mycangial fungi that are critical to beetle nutrition. Thus, Tarsonemus mites close a loop of species interactions that includes a commensalism (mites and beetles), a mutualism (mites and O. minus), asymmetric competition (O. minus and mycangial fungi), and another mutualism (mycangial fungi and beetles). This interaction system produces negative feedback that could contribute to the endogenous population dynamics of D. frontalis. Reproductive rate of Tarsonemus was more temperature-sensitive than beetle generation time (which constrains the time for mite reproduction within a tree). This differential temperature sensitivity produces a narrow range of temperatures (centred at 27degreesC) in which mite reproduction per D. frontalis generation can attain its maximum of 100 mites/beetle. Consequently, seasonal oscillations in temperature are predicted to produce oscillations in the D. frontalis community, and climatic differences between regions could influence the community to dampen or exacerbate the cyclical outbreak dynamics of D. frontalis. C1 Univ Santiago, Dept Prod Vegetal, ES-27002 Lugo, Spain. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ayres, MP (reprint author), Univ Santiago, Dept Prod Vegetal, ES-27002 Lugo, Spain. RI Lombardero, Maria/H-1629-2015 OI Lombardero, Maria/0000-0002-3245-896X NR 82 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2003 VL 102 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12599.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704CA UT WOS:000184319100003 ER PT J AU Fouad, AF Kum, KY Clawson, ML Barry, J Abenoja, C Zhu, Q Caimano, M Radolf, JD AF Fouad, AF Kum, KY Clawson, ML Barry, J Abenoja, C Zhu, Q Caimano, M Radolf, JD TI Molecular characterization of the presence of Eubacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. in endodontic infections SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endodontic infections; Eubacterium; Streptococcus; PCR; diabetes mellitus ID ROOT-CANAL INFECTIONS; MOGIBACTERIUM-TIMIDUM; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; APICAL PERIODONTITIS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SLACKIA-EXIGUA; GEN. NOV.; COMB. NOV; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA AB Eubacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. are virulent, commonly identified microorganisms in endodontic infections. The purpose of this study was to use molecular methods to identify these organisms in 22 infected root canals that include eight cases with preoperative clinical symptoms and five cases with a history of diabetes mellitus. The presence of Streptococcus spp. and Eubacterium spp. was examined using two sets of PCR primers specific with multiple species within the respective genera. Positive specimens had their PCR products sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed to identify the specific species. Sixteen specimens (73%) contained Eubacterium spp. and nine (41%) were positive for Streptococcus spp. Eubacterium infirmum was the most prevalent Eubacterium sp. This organism was significantly associated with a history of diabetes (OR = 9.6; P = 0.04). Streptococcus anginosus was the most common Streptococcus sp., but neither it nor any of the other streptococci were significantly associated with the clinical parameters evaluated. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Endodontol, Sch Dent Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pathol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Yonsei Univ, Coll Dent, Dept Conservat Dent, Seoul 120749, South Korea. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Fouad, AF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Endodontol, Sch Dent Med, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR06192]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI26756, AI29735]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE14476-02] NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1034/j.1399-302X.2003.00077.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA 694VE UT WOS:000183795200008 PM 12823801 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM AF Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM TI First detection of microsporidia in dairy calves in North America SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MACAQUES MACACA-MULATTA; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; FECAL SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; GENOTYPES; HUMANS AB Fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 413 dairy calves from farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. After removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, specimens were examined by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA sequencing analysis for the presence of microsporidia. Microscopic examination revealed no spores. PCR using generic primers for microsporidia revealed 70 positive calves. PCR was then conducted using specific primers for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently found microsporidian in human infections. These primers revealed 13 positive calves from six farms in five states. DNA sequencing analysis of the 13 E. bieneusi-positive specimens confirmed the PCR results and indicated 96.8-99.8% similarity with E. bieneusi sequences in GenBank. This is the first report of E. bieneusi in cattle in North America. C1 ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 90 IS 5 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s00436-003-0870-1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 715QX UT WOS:000184984700008 PM 12739131 ER PT J AU Sreekumar, C Rao, JR Mishra, AK Ray, D Bansal, GC AF Sreekumar, C Rao, JR Mishra, AK Ray, D Bansal, GC TI In vitro generation of cloned populations of Toxoplasma gondii SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA; STRAINS AB Cloned populations were generated from Indian isolates of Toxoplasma gondii by transferring single tissue cysts from the brains of chronically infected mice to confluent murine macrophage (J774A.1) monolayers. The clones were then maintained continuously as tachyzoites in culture. Physical rupture of the tissue cysts and release of bradyzoites prior to seeding was found to be necessary for establishment of the parasite in culture. Although intact tissue cysts seeded over monolayers released bradyzoites spontaneously, they did not succeed in setting up an infection in the monolayers. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, which revealed distinct patterns for a clone and its progenitor, further confirmed the efficiency of the technique. The cloning technique was found to be simple and rapid compared to those involving limiting dilutions. C1 ARS, ANRI, APDL, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Indian Vet Res Inst, Div Parasitol, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Sreekumar, C (reprint author), ARS, ANRI, APDL, BARC,USDA, East Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kumar@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 90 IS 6 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s00436-003-0898-2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 715CU UT WOS:000184953600009 PM 12827508 ER PT J AU Carrao-Panizzi, MC Simao, AS Kikuchi, A AF Carrao-Panizzi, MC Simao, AS Kikuchi, A TI Effects of genotypes, environments and hydrothermal treatments on the isoflavone aglycone concentration in soybean grains SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Glycine max; glycosides; functional foods; heat treatment ID CULTIVARS; GENISTEIN; MERRILL; GROWTH; SEEDS AB The objective of this work was to assess the effects of hydrothermal treatments and the environmental and genetic variability on the isoflavone aglycones concentration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] grains. The study was carried out with the soybean cultivars BR 36, FEPAGRO RS-10, and BRS 155, cultivated in three locals of Parana State (Londrina, Capanema, and Palmas), during 1999/2000 soybean season, submitted to hydrothermal treatments at 40, 50 and 60degreesC for 12 and 18 hours. Higher concentrations of total isoflavones (280 mg/100 g) were observed in grains harvested in Palmas, where the average temperature during pod filling was 19degreesC. In Londrina (23degreesC), there was lower concentration of isoflavones (140 mg/100 g). The cultivar BRS 155 presented the highest content of total isoflavones in Palmas and in Londrina. Non-treated grains of BRS 155 showed in average 4.0 mg/100 g of aglycones, which increased to 52 mg/100 g, after hydrothermal treatments. The treatment at 50degreesC for 12 hours was the most effective in developing isoflavone aglycones. At 60degreesC, there was a decrease of the aglycones, due to inactivation of beta-glycosidases. Malonyl forms, which are thermal unstable, were reduced at higher temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Crop Breeding, Soybean Breeding Lab, Kagawa 7658508, Japan. RP Carrao-Panizzi, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA PA EMBRAPA-SPI-PAB SAIN-PARQUE RURAL NORTE, CAIXA POSTAL 04 0315, 70770-901 BRASILIA, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.1590/S0100-204X2003000800001 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 726YB UT WOS:000185628200001 ER PT J AU Muller, K Smith, RE James, TK Holland, PT Rahman, A AF Muller, K Smith, RE James, TK Holland, PT Rahman, A TI Spatial variability of atrazine dissipation in an allophanic soil SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; spatial variability; persistence; leaching; preferential flow ID SANDY LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; FIELD CONDITIONS; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDE; MOVEMENT; PARAMETERS; WATER; ISOPROTURON AB The small-scale variability (0.5m) of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N(2)-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) concentrations and soil water contents in a volcanic silt loam soil (Haplic Andosol, FAO system) was studied in an area of 0.1 ha. Descriptive and spatial statistics were used to analyse the data. On average we recovered 102% of the applied atrazine 2 h after the herbicide application (CV = 35%). An increase in the CV of the concentrations with depth could be ascribed to a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Both variables, atrazine concentrations and soil water content, showed a high horizontal variability. The semivariograms of the atrazine concentrations exhibited the pure nugget effect, no pattern could be determined along the 15.5-m long transects on any of the seven sampling days over a 55-day period. Soil water content had a weak spatial autocorrelation with a range of 6-10m. The dissipation of atrazine analysed using a high vertical sampling resolution of 0.02 m to 0.2 m showed that 70% of the applied atrazine persisted in the upper 0.02-m layer of the soil for 12 days. After 55 days and 410 mm. of rainfall the centre of the pesticide mass was still at a soil depth of 0.021 m. The special characteristics of the soil (high organic carbon content, allophanic clay) had a strong influence on atrazine sorption and mobility. The mass recovery after 55 days was low. The laboratory degradation rate for atrazine, determined in a complementary incubation study and corrected for the actual field temperature using the Arrhenius equation, only accounted for about 35% of the losses that occurred in the field. Results suggest field degradation rates to be more changeable in time and much faster than under controlled conditions. Preferential flow is discussed as a component of the field transport process. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. Hort Res, Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Muller, K (reprint author), AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, E St Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM karin.mueller@agresearch.co.nz RI Mueller, Karin/J-5871-2013 OI Mueller, Karin/0000-0002-5224-0984 NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 IS 8 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1002/ps.693 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 704GC UT WOS:000184329900007 PM 12916770 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB Pree, DJ van Lier, JL Walker, GM AF Kanga, LHB Pree, DJ van Lier, JL Walker, GM TI Management of insecticide resistance in Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) populations from Ontario SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grapholita molesta; rotation of insecticides; resistance management ID CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; NOCTUIDAE; ORCHARDS AB The development of resistance in the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) is a serious threat to the tender fruit industry in Ontario (50% crop losses in 1994). Resistance to carbamate insecticides and increased survival of field-collected moths at diagnostic concentrations of pyrethroids were widespread. As a result, four different treatment regimes were tested to manage resistance in G molesta, and the changes in resistance frequencies under each treatment regime were monitored from 1996 to 1999. The data indicated that the levels of resistance were significantly influenced by the various treatment regimes. The seasonal pattern of resistance was similar for all treatment regimes, in that resistance peaked in mid-season and declined in the late season. Levels of resistance in G molesta to OPs decreased from 55% to 14% and that to pyrethroids declined from 30% to 10% from 1996 to 1999 under a treatment regime consisting of endosulfan-organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation. Similarly, under a treatment regime implemented in commercial orchards (organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation), resistance to OP insecticides declined from 50% to 12% and resistance to pyrethroids evolved to around 16%. The overall data indicated that resistance was unstable; a strategy based on rotation of insecticides by class for each generation of G molesta was successful in managing resistance to both OP and pyrethroid insecticides. The rotational strategy has been widely adopted by growers and is applied to ca 85% of the acreage. For the Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada, (C) Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2003. Published for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, So Crop Protect & Food Res Ctr, Vineland Stn, ON LOR 2EO, Canada. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 IS 8 BP 921 EP 927 DI 10.1002/ps.702 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 704GC UT WOS:000184329900010 PM 12916773 ER PT J AU Li, WB Pria, WD Lacava, PM Qin, X Hartung, JS AF Li, WB Pria, WD Lacava, PM Qin, X Hartung, JS TI Presence of Xylella fastidiosa in sweet orange fruit and seeds and its transmission to seedlings SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; AXENIC CULTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; EXPERIMENTAL HOST; PIERCES-DISEASE; PLANT; STRAIN; BACTERIUM; COFFEE; PEACH AB Xylella fastidiosa. a xylem-limited bacterium, causes several economically important diseases in North, Central, and South America. These diseases are transmitted by sharpshooter insects, contaminated budwood, and natural root-grafts. X. fastidiosa extensively colonizes the xylem vessels of susceptible plants. Citrus fruit have a well-developed vascular system, which is continuous with the vascular system of the plant. Citrus seeds develop very prominent vascular bundles, which are attached through ovular and seed bundles to the xylem system of the fruit. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit of cvs. Pera, Natal, and Valencia with characteristic symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis disease were collected for analysis. X. fastidiosa was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all main fruit vascular bundles, as well as in the seed and in dissected seed parts. No visual abnormalities were observed in seeds infected with the bacterium. However, the embryos of the infected seeds weighed 25% less than those of healthy seeds, and their germination rate was lower than uninfected seeds. There were about 2,500 cells of X. fastidiosa per infected seed of sweet orange, as quantified using real-time PCR techniques. The identification of X. fastidiosa in the infected seeds was confirmed by cloning and sequencing the specific amplification product, obtained by standard PCR with specific primers. X. fastidiosa was also detected in and recovered from seedlings by isolation in vitro. Our results show that X. fastidiosa can infect and colonize fruit tissues including the seed. We also have shown that X. fastidiosa can be transmitted from seeds to seedlings of sweet orange. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of X. fastidiosa in seeds and its transmission to seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy Sci, Athens, GA USA. UNITAU, Grad Program Environm Sci, Taubate, SP, Brazil. UNESP, Dept Biochem, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 953 EP 958 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.953 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703UK UT WOS:000184299400006 PM 18943861 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Liu, JQ Mathur, S Wu, CRX Rimmer, SR AF Adhikari, TB Liu, JQ Mathur, S Wu, CRX Rimmer, SR TI Genetic and molecular analyses in crosses of race 2 and race 7 of Albugo candida SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE specificity ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; LOCUS CONTROLLING RESISTANCE; OOMYCETE PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; BRASSICA-NAPUS; BREMIA-LACTUCAE; AVIRULENCE GENES; WHITE RUST; MARKERS; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE AB The inheritance of avirulence and polymorphic molecular markers in Albugo candida. the cause of white rust of crucifers, was studied in crosses of race 2 (Ac2). using isolates MiAc2-B1 or MiAc2-B5 (metalaxyl-insensitive and virulent to Brassica juncea cv. Burgonde) with race 7 (Ac7), using isolate MsAc7-A1 (metalaxyl-sensitive and virulent to B. rapa cv. Torch). Hybrids were obtained via co-inoculation onto a common susceptible host. Putative F-1 progeny were selfed to produce F-2 progeny. The parents and F-1 progeny were examined for virulence on the differential cultivars B. juncea cv. Burgonde and B. rapa cv. Torch. Segregation of avirulence or virulence of F-2 populations was analyzed on cv. Torch. Putative F-1 hybrids were confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers specific for each parent. Avirulence or virulence of F-2 progeny to B. rapa cv. Torch suggested 3:1 in each of three populations, supporting the hypothesis of a single dominant avirulence gene. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers also segregated in regular Mendelian fashion among F-2 progeny derived from two F-1 hybrids (Cr2-5 and Cr2-7) of Cross-2. This first putative avirulence gene in A. candida was designated AvrAc1. These results suggest that a single dominant gene controls avirulence in race Ac2 to B. rapa cv. Torch and provides further evidence for the gene-for-gene relationship in the Albugo-Brassica pathosystem. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. Monsanto Canada Inc, Listowel, ON N4W 3H2, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agrifood Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Res & Prod Dev, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rimmer, SR (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, 107 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 959 EP 965 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.959 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703UK UT WOS:000184299400007 PM 18943862 ER PT J AU Landa, BB Mavrodi, DM Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF Landa, BB Mavrodi, DM Thomashow, LS Weller, DM TI Interactions between strains of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens in the rhizosphere of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; microbial ecology; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; root colonization ID ALL DECLINE SOILS; TAKE-ALL; ROOT COLONIZATION; METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SYRINGAE STRAINS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; PLANT-PATHOGENS AB Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are among the most effective rhizobacteria controlling diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. The genotypic diversity that exists among 2,4-DAPG producers can be exploited to improve rhizosphere competence and biocontrol activity. Knowing that D-genotype 2,4-DAPG-producing strains are enriched in some take-all decline soils and that P. fluorescens Q8r1-96, a representative D-genotype strain, as defined by whole-cell repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer, is a superior colonizer of wheat roots, we analyzed whether the exceptional rhizosphere competence of strain Q8r1-96 on wheat is characteristic of other D-genotype isolates. The rhizosphere population densities of four D-genotype strains and a K-genotype strain introduced individually into the soil were significantly greater than the densities of four strains belonging to other genotypes (A, B, and L) and remained above log 6.8 CFU/g of root over a 30-week cycling experiment in which wheat was grown for 10 successive cycles of 3 weeks each. We also explored the competitive interactions between strains of different genotypes inhabiting the same soil or rhizosphere when coinoculated into the soil. Strain Q8r1-96 became dominant in the rhizosphere and in nonrhizosphere soil during a 15-week cycling experiment when mixed in a 1: 1 ratio with either strain Pf-5 (A genotype), Q2-87 (B genotype), or 1M1-96 (L genotype). Furthermore, the use of the de Wit replacement series demonstrated a competitive disadvantage for strain Q2-87 or strong antagonism by strain Q8r1-96 against Q2-87 in the wheat rhizosphere. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA showed that species of Arthrobacter, Chryseobacterium. Flavobacterium, Massilia, Microbacterium, and Ralstonia also were enriched in culturable populations from the rhizosphere of wheat at the end of a 30-week cycling experiment in the presence of 2,4-DAPG producers. Identifying the interactions among 2,4-DAPG producers and with other indigenous bacteria in the wheat rhizosphere will help to elucidate the variability in biocontrol efficacy of introduced 2,4-DAPG producers and fluctuations in the robustness of take-all suppressive soils. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 53 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 982 EP 994 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.982 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703UK UT WOS:000184299400010 PM 18943865 ER PT J AU Cai, G Gale, LR Schneider, RW Kistler, HC Davis, RM Elias, KS Miyao, EM AF Cai, G Gale, LR Schneider, RW Kistler, HC Davis, RM Elias, KS Miyao, EM TI Origin of Race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici at a Single Site in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; INTERGENIC SPACER REGION; SP RADICIS-LYCOPERSICI; 3RD RACE; POPULATIONS; TOMATO; WILT; FLORIDA; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY AB Thirty-nine isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were collected from tomato plants displaying wilt symptoms in a field in California 2 years after F oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 was first observed at that location. These and other isolates of F oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were characterized by pathogenicity, race, and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). Of the 39 California isolates, 22 were in VCG 0030, 11 in VCG 0031, and six in the newly described VCG 0035. Among the isolates in VCG 0030, 13 were race 3, and nine were race 2. Of the isolates in VCG 0031, seven were race 2, one was race 1, and three were nonpathogenic to tomato. All six isolates in VCG 0035 were race 2. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequencing of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of rDNA identified five IGS RFLP haplotypes, which coincided with VCGs, among 60 isolates of E oxysporum from tomato. Five race 3 isolates from California were of the same genomic DNA RFLP haplotype as a race 2 isolate from the same location, and all 13 race 3 isolates clustered together into a subgroup in the neighbor joining tree. Collective evidence suggests that race 3 in California originated from the local race 2 population. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP Schneider, RW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Cai, Guohong/N-1274-2013 NR 49 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1014 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703UK UT WOS:000184299400013 PM 18943868 ER PT J AU Mondal, SN Gottwald, TR Timmer, LW AF Mondal, SN Gottwald, TR Timmer, LW TI Environmental factors affecting the release and dispersal of ascospores of Mycosphaerella citri SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS ASCOSPORES; GREASY SPOT; PSEUDOTHECIAL DEVELOPMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISCHARGE; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; DISEASE AB Greasy spot, caused by Mycosphaerella citri, produces a leaf spot disease affecting all citrus species in Florida and the Caribbean Basin. M. citri produces pseudothecia and ascospores, which are considered the principal source of inoculum, in decomposing leaves on the grove floor. In studies using a computer-control led environmental chamber, a single rain event triggered release of most mature ascospores beginning 30 to 60 min after the rain event. Additional rain events did not bring about further release. High relative humidity without rain triggered release of low numbers of ascospores, but vibration and red/infrared irradiation had little or no effect on ascospore release. After three to four cycles of wetting and drying of leaves, all pseudothecia had matured and released their ascospores. In the field, ascospores were detectable starting about 2 h after the beginning of a rain or irrigation and most ascospores were released within 16 h. Ascospore release was greatest following rain events and somewhat less following irrigations, and low numbers of ascospores were detectable on days without precipitation. Ascospore numbers declined linearly with horizontal distance from the source and as a function of the logarithm of ascospore numbers with vertical distance. Low numbers of ascospores were detected 7.5 m above the ground and 90 in downwind from the grove. Ascospore release can be advanced by irrigating frequently during dry, nonconducive conditions to stimulate ascospore release when environmental conditions are unfavorable for infection, but the eventual effects on disease severity are uncertain. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Mondal, SN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1031 EP 1036 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1031 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703UK UT WOS:000184299400015 PM 18943870 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, RL TI Changing forests and forest management policy in relation to dealing with forest diseases SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 14, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc AB The forest landscape of the United States has changed over time, as has public concern for the trees, water. and wildlife. Early in the history of the United States, forests were viewed as an encumbrance and an inexhaustible resource. used to meet the needs of a growing nation. Around 1900. it became clear that old approaches were not sustainable and forest pathology saw its beginning. Annual lumber production increased front 5.4 billion to 44.5 billion board feet. Forest pathologists were called upon to help manage forests for a variety of products, with a focus on decays of wood and wood products. Projection of timber famine stirred public concern, and a number of laws were enacted to deal with the issue. Pathologists were called upon to deal with many of the issues associated with intensive management, and new pests such as chestnut blight and white pine blister rust demanded attention. Then pathologists were called upon to help manage for multiple benefits, and the issues became more complex. Pests such as mistletoes, root diseases, rusts, nursery pests, and urban pests presented new challenges. Concepts such as landscape level assessments, ecosystem management, and multiple-use led to the management of forests to provide for a complex variety of needs. Management objectives vary across the landscape, and pathologists find themselves working with managers who want to maximize fiber production, those that manage areas set aside for special purposes, and all combinations in between. Issues such as acceptable levels of pests, nonnative invasive species, landowner values, visual and watershed quality, and best management practices must be considered in an ever-changing landscape. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1041 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703UK UT WOS:000184299400018 PM 18943873 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Rogers, HH Mullins, GL Runion, GB AF Prior, SA Rogers, HH Mullins, GL Runion, GB TI The effects of elevated atmospheric CO(2) and soil P placement on cotton root deployment SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; global change; Gossypium hirsutum; P uptake; root distribution; soil phosphorus ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; PLANT-RESPONSES; WATER-USE; GROWTH; YIELD; WHEAT; ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN; CORN AB Root proliferation into nutrient rich zones is an important mechanism in the exploitation of soil nutrients by plants. No studies have examined atmospheric CO(2) effects on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) root distribution as affected by localized phosphorus ( P). Cotton plants were grown in a Troup sand ( loamy, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudults) using 17.2-l containers placed in open top field chambers (OTC) under ambient (360 mumol mol(-1)) or enriched (720 mumol mol(-1)) atmospheric CO(2) concentrations for 40 days. Equivalent amounts of P were added ( 150 mg P per kg of soil) to 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25% of the total soil volume; control containers with no added P were also included. Under extremely low P ( controls), cotton was unresponsive to CO(2) enrichment. In treatments with both fertilized and unfertilized soil volumes, root proliferation was greater in the unfertilized soil under elevated CO(2) conditions. Stimulation of root growth occurred in the P-fertilized soil fraction; the pattern of stimulation was similar under both CO(2) levels. Under ambient CO(2), cotton plant response was positive ( shoot mass, and total root mass and length) when soil P was confined to relatively small proportions of the total soil volume (6.25 and 12.5%). However, elevated CO(2) grown plants tended to respond to P regardless of its distribution. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@acesag.auburn.edu NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2003 VL 255 IS 1 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1023/A:1026143410238 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 732AQ UT WOS:000185919000017 ER PT J AU Lee, TD Tjoelker, MG Reich, PB Russelle, MP AF Lee, TD Tjoelker, MG Reich, PB Russelle, MP TI Contrasting growth response of an N-2-fixing and non-fixing forb to elevated CO2: dependence on soil N supply SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; legume; N limitation; photosynthetic acclimation ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LOLIUM-PERENNE; LEAF NITROGEN; GRASSLAND; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; ECOSYSTEMS AB With the ability to symbiotically fix atmospheric N-2, legumes may lack the N-limitations thought to constrain plant response to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2. The growth and photosynthetic responses of two perennial grassland species were compared to test the hypotheses that (1) the CO2 response of wild species is limited at low N availability, (2) legumes respond to a greater extent than non-fixing forbs to elevated CO2, and (3) elevated CO2 stimulates symbiotic N-2 fixation, resulting in an increased amount of N derived from the atmosphere. This study investigated the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (365 and 700 mumol mol(-1)) and N addition on whole plant growth and C and N acquisition in an N-2-fixing legume (Lupinus perennis) and a non-fixing forb (Achillea millefolium) in controlled-chamber environments. To evaluate the effects of a wide range of N availability on the CO2 response, we incorporated six levels of soil N addition starting with native field soil inherently low in N (field soil + 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 g N m(-2) yr(-1)). Whole plant growth, leaf net photosynthetic rates (A), and the proportion of N derived from N-2 fixation were determined in plants grown from seed over one growing season. Both species increased growth with CO2 enrichment, but this response was mediated by N supply only for the non-fixer, Achillea. Its response depended on mineral N supply as growth enhancements under elevated CO2 increased from 0% in low N soil to +25% at the higher levels of N addition. In contrast, Lupinus plants had 80% greater biomass under elevated CO2 regardless of N treatment. Although partial photosynthetic acclimation to CO2 enrichment occurred, both species maintained comparably higher A in elevated compared to ambient CO2 (+38%). N addition facilitated increased A in Achillea, however, in neither species did additional N availability affect the acclimation response of A to CO2. Elevated CO2 increased plant total N yield by 57% in Lupinus but had no effect on Achillea. The increased N in Lupinus came from symbiotic N-2 fixation, which resulted in a 47% greater proportion of N derived from fixation relative to other sources of N. These results suggest that compared to non-fixing forbs, N-2-fixers exhibit positive photosynthetic and growth responses to increased atmospheric CO2 that are independent of soil N supply. The enhanced amount of N derived from N-2 fixation under elevated CO2 presumably helps meet the increased N demand in N-2-fixing species. This response may lead to modified roles of N-2- fixers and N-2-fixer/non-fixer species interactions in grassland communities, especially those that are inherently N-poor, under projected rising atmospheric CO2. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA. RP Lee, TD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Tjoelker, Mark/M-2413-2016 OI Tjoelker, Mark/0000-0003-4607-5238 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2003 VL 255 IS 2 BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.1023/A:1026072130269 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 727FE UT WOS:000185646600006 ER PT J AU Smith, HMS Hake, S AF Smith, HMS Hake, S TI The interaction of two homeobox genes, BREVIPEDICELLUS and PENNYWISE, regulates internode patterning in the Arabidopsis inflorescence SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; CELL-LINEAGE PATTERNS; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; AUXIN TRANSPORT; CLONAL ANALYSIS; BOX GENE; MAIZE AB Plant architecture results from the activity of the shoot apical meristem, which initiates leaves, internodes, and axillary meristems. KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes are expressed in specific patterns in the shoot apical meristem and play important roles in plant architecture. KNOX proteins interact with BEL1-like (BELL) homeodomain proteins and together bind a target sequence with high affinity. We have obtained a mutation in one of the Arabidopsis BELL genes, PENNYWISE (PNY), that appears phenotypically similar to the KNOX mutant bravipedicellus (bp). Both bp and pny have randomly shorter internodes and display a slight increase in the number of axillary branches. The double mutant shows a synergistic phenotype of extremely short internodes interspersed with long internodes and increased branching. PNY is expressed in inflorescence and floral meristems and overlaps with BP in a discrete domain of the inflorescence meristem where we propose the internode is patterned. The physical association of the PNY and BP proteins suggests that they participate in a complex that regulates early patterning events in the inflorescence meristem. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Smith, Harley/J-2649-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM020158, GM 20158-03] NR 45 TC 133 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 2003 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1717 EP 1727 DI 10.1105/tpc.012856 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 713PL UT WOS:000184867100004 PM 12897247 ER PT J AU Toledo-Ortiz, G Huq, E Quail, PH AF Toledo-Ortiz, G Huq, E Quail, PH TI The Arabidopsis basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor family SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DOMAIN-DNA COMPLEX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BHLH PROTEIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MESSENGER-RNA; PHYTOCHROME-B; GENE ENCODES; GENOME-WIDE; BINDING AB The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors that bind as dimers to specific DNA target sites and that have been well characterized in nonplant eukaryotes as important regulatory components in diverse biological processes. Based on evidence that the bHLH protein PIF3 is a direct phytochrome reaction partner in the photoreceptor's signaling network, we have undertaken a comprehensive computational analysis of the Arabidopsis genome sequence databases to define the scope and features of the bHLH family. Using a set of criteria derived from a previously defined consensus motif, we identified 147 bHLH protein-encoding genes, making this one of the largest transcription factor families in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of the bHLH domain sequences permits classification of these genes into 21 subfamilies. The evolutionary and potential functional relationships implied by this analysis are supported by other criteria, including the chromosomal distribution of these genes relative to duplicated genome segments, the conservation of variant exon/intron structural patterns, and the predicted DNA binding activities within subfamilies. Considerable diversity in DNA binding site specificity among family members is predicted, and marked divergence in protein sequence outside of the conserved bHLH domain is observed. Together with the established propensity of bHLH factors to engage in varying degrees of homodimerization and heterodimerization, these observations suggest that the Arabidopsis bHLH proteins have the potential to participate in an extensive set of combinatorial interactions, endowing them with the capacity to be involved in the regulation of a multiplicity of transcriptional programs. We provide evidence from yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding assays that two related phytochrome-interacting members in the Arabidopsis family, PIF3 and PIF4, can form both homodimers and heterodimers and that all three dimeric configurations can bind specifically to the G-box DNA sequence motif CACGTG. These data are consistent, in principle, with the operation of this combinatorial mechanism in Arabidopsis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47475, R01 GM047475] NR 66 TC 457 Z9 832 U1 11 U2 85 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 2003 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1749 EP 1770 DI 10.1105/tpc.013839 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 713PL UT WOS:000184867100007 PM 12897250 ER PT J AU Barnard, HR Ryan, MG AF Barnard, HR Ryan, MG TI A test of the hydraulic limitation hypothesis in fast-growing Eucalyptus saligna SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID GROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER TRANSPORT; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; STAND DEVELOPMENT; XYLEM CAVITATION; PONDEROSA PINE AB The hydraulic limitation hypothesis proposes that (1) reduced growth in taller trees is caused by decreased photosynthesis resulting from a decrease in hydraulic conductance promoted by a longer root-to-leaf flow path, and (2) this mechanism reduces stand productivity after canopy closure. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the physiology of 7 m (1 year) and 26 m (5 year) Eucalyptus saligna plantations where above-ground productivity for the 26 m trees was approximately 69% of that for the 7 m trees, and water and nutrients were not limiting. The study compared whole tree physiology [water flux (Q(1)), average crown conductance (G(T)), crown hydraulic conductance per unit leaf area (K-L), carbon isotope discrimination (delta(13)C)] and leaf physiology under light saturation (leaf water potential at the canopy top (Psi(LEAF)), photosynthetic capacity (A(max)), and photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g(s)). K-L was 50% lower in the taller trees, but whole tree Q(1) and G(T) were the same for the 7 m and 26 m trees. Photosynthetic capacity was the same for leaves at the canopy top, but delta(13)C was -1.8parts per thousand. lower for the 26 m trees. A and gs were either lower in the taller trees or equal, depending on sampling date. The taller trees maintained 0.8 MPa lower Psi(LEAF) during the day and had 2.6-times higher sapwood area per unit leaf area; these factors compensated for the effects of increased height and gravitational potential in the taller trees to maintain higher G(T). The hydraulic limitation hypothesis (as originally stated) failed to explain the sharp decline in net primary productivity after canopy closure in this study. The effects of increased height appear to be a universal hydraulic problem for trees, but compensation mitigated these effects and maintained Q(1) and G(T) in the present study. Compensation may induce other problems (such as lower Psi(LEAF) or higher respiratory costs) that could reduce carbon gain or shift carbon allocation, and future studies of hydraulic limitation should consider compensation and associated carbon costs. In this study, the combination of similar GT and lower delta(13)C for the 26 m trees suggests that total crown photosynthesis was lower for the 26 m trees, perhaps a result of the lower Psi(LEAF). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 57 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1235 EP 1245 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01046.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712WK UT WOS:000184821900006 ER PT J AU Maherali, H Johnson, HB Jackson, RB AF Maherali, H Johnson, HB Jackson, RB TI Stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure difference over a subambient to elevated CO2 gradient in a C-3/C-4 grassland SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; grassland ecosystems; stomatal conductance; stomatal sensitivity; vapour pressure deficit ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE; ABSCISIC-ACID; SOIL-WATER; CONDUCTANCE; RESPONSES; HUMIDITY AB In the present study the response of stomatal conductance (g(s)) to increasing leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (D) in early season C-3 (Bromus japonicus) and late season C-4 (Bothriochloa ischaemum) grasses grown in the field across a range of CO2 (200-550 mumol mol(-1)) was examined. Stomatal sensitivity to D was calculated as the slope of the response of g, to the natural log of externally manipulated D (dg(s)/dlnD). Increasing D and CO2 significantly reduced g, in both species. Increasing CO2 caused a significant decrease in stomatal sensitivity to D in Br. japonicus, but not in Bo. ischaemum. The decrease in stomatal sensitivity to D at high CO2 for Br. japonicus fit theoretical expectations of a hydraulic model of stomatal regulation, in which g, varies to maintain constant transpiration and leaf water potential. The weaker stomatal sensitivity to D in Bo. ischaemum suggested that stomatal regulation of leaf water potential was poor in this species. or that non-hydraulic signals influenced guard cell behaviour. Photosynthesis (A) declined with increasing D in both species, but analyses of the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 (C-i/C-a) suggested that stomatal limitation of A occurred only in Br japonicus. Rising CO2 had the greatest effect on g. and A in Br. japonicus at low D. In contrast, the strength of stomatal and photosynthetic responses to CO2 were not affected by D in Bo. ischaemum. Carbon and water dynamics in this grassland are dominated by a seasonal transition from C-3 to C-4 photosynthesis. Interspecific variation in the response of g. to D therefore has implications for predicting seasonal ecosystem responses to CO2. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Maherali, H (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 51 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1297 EP 1306 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01054.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712WK UT WOS:000184821900012 ER PT J AU Padilla, IMG Webb, K Scorza, R AF Padilla, IMG Webb, K Scorza, R TI Early antibiotic selection and efficient rooting and acclimatization improve the production of transgenic plum plants (Prunus domestica L.) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE antibiotic selection; rooting; viral coat protein ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; POX VIRUS; REGENERATION; APPLE; PROPAGATION; EXPLANTS; TOBACCO; PERSICA; TISSUE AB We describe here an improved system for routinely developing transgenic plum plants (Prunus domestica L.) through the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The production of non-transformed "escapes" has been virtually eliminated, and rates of plant establishment in the greenhouse have been dramatically improved. The system is based on the regeneration of shoots from hypocotyls extracted from mature seed. The shoot regeneration medium is Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins supplemented with 7.5 muM thidiazuron and 0.25 muM indole-butyric acid. Transferring the explants after co-cultivation to shoot regeneration medium containing 80 mg l(-1) of kanamycin and 300 mg l(-1) of Timentin reduced the total number of regenerated shoots without affecting the transformation rate. Transformation rates using the described system averaged 1.2% of the hypocotyl slices producing transgenic plants, with a range of 0-4.2%. The transgenic shoots rooted at a rate of 90% on half-strength MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 5 muM alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.01 muM kinetin. Plantlets were transferred to a greenhouse directly from culture tubes with a 90% average survival. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00299-003-0648-z PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712CD UT WOS:000184778000005 ER PT J AU Roberts, SC Naill, M Gibson, DM Shuler, ML AF Roberts, SC Naill, M Gibson, DM Shuler, ML TI A simple method for enhancing paclitaxel release from Taxus canadensis cell suspension cultures utilizing cell wall digesting enzymes SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE paclitaxel; storage; cell wall; protoplast ID TAXOL PRODUCTION; BACCATIN-III; CUSPIDATA; LOCALIZATION; JASMONATE; KINETICS; ACCUMULATION; PROTOPLASTS; ELICITATION; CHINENSIS AB Paclitaxel storage in Taxus suspension cell cultures was studied through the simple use of cell wall digesting enzymes. The application of cellulase (1%) and pectolyase (0.1%) to Taxus canadensis suspension cultures induced a significant increase in the paclitaxel present in the extracellular medium while maintaining membrane integrity, suggesting that paclitaxel is stored in the cell wall. The addition of cell wall digesting enzymes to a cell culture bioprocess may be an effective way of enhancing paclitaxel release to the extracellular medium and hence simplify product recovery. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Goessmann Lab 159, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. ARS, US Plant & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Roberts, SC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Goessmann Lab 159, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA55138] NR 21 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1007/s00299-003-0575-z PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712BY UT WOS:000184777500013 PM 12811504 ER PT J AU Niblack, TL Wrather, JA Heinz, RD Donald, PA AF Niblack, TL Wrather, JA Heinz, RD Donald, PA TI Distribution and virulence phenotypes of Heterodera glycines in Missouri SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE area frame probability; race determination; soybean cyst nematode races ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; YIELD; RACES AB The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is the most economically important pathogen of soybean in Missouri. Knowledge of the nematode's distribution and ability to adapt to resistant varieties is important for determining crop losses and establishing research priorities. No previous surveys of Missouri have provided reliable population density and phenotypic diversity data; therefore, we conducted a random survey to obtain both. Two samples from each of 200 fields were collected; 392 samples were processed for extractions of cysts and eggs. Two hundred and forty seven (63%) of the samples had detectable cyst nematode populations, which ranged from 15 to 149,700 eggs per 250 cm(3) of soil. The lowest average population densities were observed in the east-central region of Missouri (2,260 eggs per 250 cm(3) of soil), and the highest were observed in the northeast (9,238 eggs per 250 cm(3) of soil), but among the eight regions sampled, mean population densities did not differ significantly. These population densities were potentially responsible for losses worth over $58 million in 1999 in Missouri. Race tests were conducted on populations from 183 samples. In order of frequency, races 3, 1, and 2 accounted for 86% of H. glycines populations. Nearly 60% of the populations were virulent (able to produce females) on plant introduction (PI) 88788, which is the source of resistance for most H. glycines-resistant cultivars. More than a third of the populations were virulent on cv. Peking, another common resistance source. Very few populations were virulent on PI 90763 or PI 437654, suggesting that these sources of resistance should be exploited more frequently. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Niblack, TL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 87 IS 8 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.929 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703NR UT WOS:000184286800009 ER PT J AU Bruton, BD Mitchell, F Fletcher, J Pair, SD Wayadande, A Melcher, U Brady, J Bextine, B Popham, TW AF Bruton, BD Mitchell, F Fletcher, J Pair, SD Wayadande, A Melcher, U Brady, J Bextine, B Popham, TW TI Serratia marcescens, a phloem-colonizing, squash bug-transmitted bacterium: Causal agent of cucurbit yellow vine disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Coreidae; Heteroptera; vine decline ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; ANASA-TRISTIS; PLANT-GROWTH; CROWN ROT; COREIDAE; HETEROPTERA; ASSOCIATION; ALFALFA; STRAIN AB Cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD), which can inflict heavy losses to watermelon, pumpkin, cantaloupe, and squash in U.S. production areas from the midwest to northeastern states, causes phloem discoloration, foliar yellowing, wilting, and plant decline. Bacteria were cultured from the phloem of crown sections of symptomatic plants of Citrullus lanatas and Cucurbita pepo. Those bacteria testing positive in CYVD-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were all gram negative and appeared morphologically identical, producing creamy white, smooth, entire, convex colonies on Luria-Bertani or nutrient agar. Characterized cucurbit-derived strains of Serratia marcescens were introduced into greenhouse-grown squash plants by puncture inoculation and into field-grown squash plants by enclosure with S. marcescens-fed squash bugs, Anasa tristis. Up to 60% of the bacteria-inoculated plants in the greenhouse and up to 17% of field plants caged with inoculative squash bugs developed phloem discoloration and tested positive for S. marcescens by CYVD-specific PCR. None of the controls developed phloem discoloration or tested positive by PCR. Of the diseased field plants, 12% (2 of 35) also yellowed, wilted, and collapsed, exhibiting full symptom development of CYVD. However, neither plant collapse nor decline was observed in the greenhouse-grown, puncture-inoculated plants. The morphology, growth habit, and PCR reaction of bacteria cultured from crown tissue of a subset of plants in each experimental group were indistinguishable from those of the inoculum bacteria. Evidence presented from our studies confirms that the squash bug can transmit S. marcescens, the CYVD causal bacterium. The S. marcescens-A. tristis relationship described here is the first instance in which the squash bug has been identified as a vector of a plant pathogen. Our experiments represent a completion of the steps of Koch's postulates, demonstrating that S. marcescens is the causal agent of CYVD and that the squash bug, A. tristis, is a vector of the pathogen. C1 ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Bruton, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 87 IS 8 BP 937 EP 944 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.937 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703NR UT WOS:000184286800011 ER PT J AU Marshall, D Work, TT Cavey, JF AF Marshall, D Work, TT Cavey, JF TI Invasion pathways of Karnal bunt of wheat into the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE emerging disease; invasive species AB Karnal bunt of wheat (caused by Tilletia indica) was first detected in the United States in Arizona in 1996. The seed lots of infected, spring-habit, durum wheat associated with the initial detection were traced to planted fields in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. However, in the summer of 1997, the disease appeared in unrelated, winter-habit, bread wheat located over 700 kin from the nearest potentially contaminated wheat from 1996 (and destroyed prior to reinfection). Here, we examined potential invasion pathways of the fungus associated with the movement of wheat into the United States. We analyzed the USDA/APHIS Port Information Network (PIN) database from 1984 through 2000 to determine likely pathways of introduction based on where, when, and how the disease was intercepted coming into the United States. All interceptions' were made on wheat transported from Mexico, with the majority (98.8%) being intercepted at land border crossings. Karnal bunt was not intercepted from any other country over the 17-year period analyzed. Most interceptions were on wheat found in automobiles, trucks, and railway cars. The majority of interceptions were made at Laredo, Brownsville, Eagle Pass, and El Paso, TX, and Nogales, AZ. Karnal bunt was intercepted in all 17 years; however, interceptions peaked in 1986 and 1987. Averaged over all years, more interceptions (19.2%) were made in the month of May than in any other month. Our results indicate that Karnal bunt has probably arrived in the United States on many occasions, at least since 1984. Because of the relatively unaggressive nature of the disease and its reliance on rather exacting weather conditions for infection, we surmised that it is possible this disease has a long period of latent survival between initial arrival and becoming a thriving, established disease. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Marshall, D (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 87 IS 8 BP 999 EP 1003 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.999 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703NR UT WOS:000184286800021 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Fravel, DR AF Deahl, KL Fravel, DR TI Occurrence of leaf blight on petunia caused by Phytophthora infestans in Maryland. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 ARS, USDA, VL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, VL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1004 EP 1004 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.1004A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703NR UT WOS:000184286800022 ER PT J AU Baker, CA Achor, D Adkins, S AF Baker, CA Achor, D Adkins, S TI Cucumber mosaic virus diagnosed in desert rose in Florida. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL USA. ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Baker, CA (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1007 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.1007C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703NR UT WOS:000184286800033 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ AF Franks, SJ TI Facilitation in multiple life-history stages: evidence for nucleated succession in coastal dunes SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; dune plants; germination; seed bank; stress ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; SAND DUNES; BARRIER-ISLAND; MARSH PLANTS; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; MECHANISMS; VEGETATION AB Understanding plant interactions during succession is a central goal of plant ecology. The nucleation model of succession proposes that facilitative interactions lead to outward radiations of colonization from established plants. I tested the nucleation hypothesis for early successional plants on the primary dunes of barrier islands in the southeastern United States. On the coast of Florida and Georgia, I sampled the above-ground vegetation and the seed bank, and conducted a seedling emergence experiment in the field. Vegetation sampling at both field sites showed more positive correlations in percent cover of adult species than expected by chance. At both sites, there were significantly more seeds under plants than in open microsites. Seeds of the same species as the adult plants in the vegetated microsites were removed from the analysis, so the accumulation of seeds under adults is not due simply to a seed shadow effect. Seeds of six species were added to plots under plants and in open microsites, and seedling emergence was significantly higher under plants than in the open. The findings support the predictions of the nucleation hypothesis for the early life-history stages of seed dispersal and germination, and help to explain the clumped distribution of dune plants seen in the field. The results add further support for the contention that facilitation is an important mode of plant interaction in stressful and disturbed habitats. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 47 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1024426608966 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 695MZ UT WOS:000183835900001 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Peterson, CJ AF Franks, SJ Peterson, CJ TI Burial disturbance leads to facilitation among coastal dune plants SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal ecology; diversity; plant interactions; positive interactions; sand burial ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; MARSH PLANTS; SAND DUNES; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; STRESS AB There is growing evidence that interactions among plants can be facilitative as well as competitive, but knowledge of how disturbances influence these interactions and how they vary with species diversity is lacking. We manipulated plant density, species diversity (richness), and a burial disturbance in a controlled, complete factorial experiment to test theories about the relationships among species interactions, disturbance, and richness. The hypotheses tested were 1) burial disturbance reduces plant performance at all levels of density and richness, 2) burial disturbance can cause net plant interactions to become more facilitative, and 3) facilitation increases with species richness. Burial decreased plant survival by 60% and biomass by 50%, supporting the hypothesis that burial reduces plant performance. In the control (unburied) treatment, there was no difference in proportion survival or per plant biomass between low and high density plots, meaning that neither competition nor facilitation was detected. In the buried treatment, however, high density plots had significantly greater survival and greater per plant biomass than the low density plots, indicating net facilitative interactions. Thus facilitation occurred in the buried treatment and not in the unburied control plots, supporting the hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing disturbance severity. The hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing species richness was not supported. Richness did not affect survival or biomass, and there was no richness by burial treatment interaction, indicating that richness did not influence the response of the community to burial. The influence of the disturbance on plant interactions was thus consistent across levels of richness, increasing the generality of the relationship between disturbance and facilitation. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 61 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1023/A:1024450623205 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 695MZ UT WOS:000183835900002 ER PT J AU Magidin, M Pittman, JK Hirschi, KD Bartel, B AF Magidin, M Pittman, JK Hirschi, KD Bartel, B TI ILR2, a novel gene regulating IAA conjugate sensitivity and metal transport in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE indole-3-acetic acid; IAA-Leu; auxin; auxin conjugates; cobalt; manganese ID CA2+ PUMPS; BSD2 GENE; MUTANTS; AUXIN; DNA; EXPRESSION; YEAST; TRANSFORMATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; HOMEOSTASIS AB Plants can regulate levels of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by conjugation to amino acids or sugars, and subsequent hydrolysis of these conjugates to release active IAA. These less active auxin conjugates constitute the majority of IAA in plants. We isolated the Arabidopsis ilr2-1 mutant as a recessive IAA-leucine resistant mutant that retains wild-type sensitivity to free IAA. ilr2-1 is also defective in lateral root formation and primary root elongation. In addition, ilr2-1 is resistant to manganese- and cobalt-mediated inhibition of root elongation, and microsomal preparations from the ilr2-1 mutant exhibit enhanced ATP-dependent manganese transport. We used a map-based positional approach to clone the ILR2 gene, which encodes a novel protein with no predicted membrane-spanning domains that is polymorphic among Arabidopsis accessions. Our results demonstrate that ILR2 modulates a metal transporter, providing a novel link between auxin conjugate metabolism and metal homeostasis. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bartel, B (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM bartel@rice.edu RI Bartel, Bonnie/D-3550-2011; OI Bartel, Bonnie/0000-0002-6367-346X; Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R29 GM054749-04, R01 GM57427, R29 GM054749, R29 GM054749-05, R29 GM54749] NR 57 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01826.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 709FY UT WOS:000184616200009 PM 12904214 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Non-degradative dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled plant cell walls: high-resolution solution-state NMR SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lignin; lignin model compound; cellulose; polysaccharide; hemicellulose; 2D NMR ID CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; WOOD LIGNIN; SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; DEFICIENT; PATHWAY AB Two solvent systems for fully dissolving, and optionally derivatizing, finely ground plant cell wall material at room temperature are described: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or N-methylimidazole (NMI). In situ acetylation produces acetylated cell walls (Ac-CWs) that are fully soluble in chloroform. Lignin structures tested remain fully intact. The dispersion of C-13-H-1 correlations afforded by two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments reveals the major lignin units, allowing the whole lignin fraction to be analyzed by high-resolution solution-state NMR methods for the first time. Non-degradative cell wall dissolution offers the potential to analyze polysaccharide components, and improve current cell wall analytical methods by using standard homogeneous solution-state chemistry. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 32 TC 205 Z9 212 U1 6 U2 75 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01817.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 709FY UT WOS:000184616200010 PM 12904215 ER PT J AU Dombrowski, JE AF Dombrowski, JE TI Salt stress activation of wound-related genes in tomato plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM CELLS; BASIC-PROTEIN KINASE; JASMONIC ACID; SALICYLIC-ACID; ABSCISIC-ACID; OCTADECANOID PATHWAY; DEFENSIVE GENES; ABIOTIC STRESS; OLIGOSACCHARIDE ELICITORS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION AB Plants respond to various stresses by expressing distinct sets of genes. The effects of multiple stresses on plants and their interactions are not well understood. We have discovered that salt stress causes the accumulation of proteinase inhibitors and the activation of other wound-related genes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Salt stress was also found to enhance the plant's response to wounding locally and systemically. The tomato mutant (def-1), which has an impairment in the octadecanoid pathway, displayed a severe reduction in the accumulation of proteinase inhibitors under salt stress, indicating that salt stress-induced accumulation of proteinase inhibitors was jasmonic acid dependent. The analysis of salt stress in another tomato mutant,spr-1, which carries a mutation in a systemin-specific signaling component, and transgenic tomato plants that express an antisense-prosystemin cDNA, showed that prosystemin activity was not required for the salt-induced accumulation of proteinase inhibitors, but was necessary to achieve maximal levels. These results suggest that a prosystemin independent- but jasmonic acid-dependent pathway is utilized for proteinase inhibitor accumulation in response to salt stress. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dombrowski, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 67 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 2098 EP 2107 DI 10.1104/pp.102.019927 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 710ZV UT WOS:000184713400036 PM 12913164 ER PT J AU Chang, HS Jones, ML Banowetz, GM Clark, DG AF Chang, HS Jones, ML Banowetz, GM Clark, DG TI Overproduction of cytokinins in petunia flowers transformed with P(SAG12)-IPT delays corolla senescence and decreases sensitivity to ethylene SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUT CARNATION FLOWERS; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LEAF SENESCENCE; PETAL SENESCENCE; ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE; ENDOGENOUS CYTOKININS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIANTHUS-CARYOPHYLLUS; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE AB Plant senescence is regulated by a coordinated genetic program mediated in, part by changes in ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinin content. Transgenic plants with delayed senescence are useful for studying interactions between these signaling mechanisms. Expression of ipt, a cytokinin biosynthetic gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, under the control of the promoter from a senescence-associated gene (SAG12) has been one approach used to delay senescence. We transformed petunia (Petunia x hybrida cv V26) with P(SAG12)-IPT. Two independently transformed lines with extended flower longevity (I-1-7-22 and I-3-18-34) were used to study the effects of elevated cytokinin content on ethylene synthesis and sensitivity and ABA accumulation in petunia corollas. Floral senescence in these fines was delayed 6 to 10 d relative to wild-type (WT) flowers. Ipt transcripts increased in abundance after pollination and were accompanied by increased cytokinin accumulation. Endogenous ethylene production was induced by pollination in both WT and IPT corollas, but this increase was delayed in IPT flowers. Flowers from IPT plants were less sensitive to exogenous ethylene and required longer treatment times to induce endogenous ethylene production, corolla senescence, and up-regulation of the senescence-related Cys protease phcp1. Accumulation of ABA, another hormone regulating flower senescence, was significantly greater in WT corollas, confirming that floral senescence was delayed in IPT plants. These results extend our understanding of the hormone interactions that regulate flower senescence and provide a means of increasing flower longevity. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jones, ML (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM jones.1968@osu.edu NR 73 TC 113 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 2174 EP 2183 DI 10.1104/pp.103.023945 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 710ZV UT WOS:000184713400044 PM 12913172 ER PT J AU Bausher, M Shatters, R Chaparro, J Dang, P Hunter, W Niedz, R AF Bausher, M Shatters, R Chaparro, J Dang, P Hunter, W Niedz, R TI An expressed sequence tag (EST) set from Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck whole seedlings and the implications of further perennial source investigations SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus; cloning; EST; cDNA expression analysis; metabolism; plants; regulation; seedling ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS TOLERANCE; PLANTS AB Compared with the large-scale single pass cDNA sequencing entries from annual plants, the NCBI database has very little sequence information from perennial plant species. Although similar to annuals in many biochemical pathways, perennials are unique in the fact that they posses long generation times. Without short cycle reproduction as an escape mechanism, perennials have evolved alternative survival mechanisms to pathogen attack and environmental stresses. The study of these alternate strategies by way of functional genomics will greatly increase the understanding of the biochemical changes underlining stress responses in perennials. Herein we analyze a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) produced from a 180-day-old whole immature sweet orange citrus seedling cDNA library. From this library, 7680 cDNAs were single pass sequenced from the 5' end, generating 6443 high quality ESTs. In the analysis, 2272 ESTs (35%) were found to significantly match (E-value less than or equal to 10(-10)) proteins with known function in the public databases using BLASTX. Additionally, 1457 ESTs (23%) significantly matched proteins with unknown function and 1619 ESTs (25%) matched to proteins described as putative. The remaining 1095 ESTs (17%) failed to match with significance to any protein sequence found in the public databases. ESTs matching to the photosynthetic proteins chlorophyll A/B binding protein, plastocyanin and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase were abundant, 6.0% of the total. Interestingly, stress related proteins such as low molecular weight heat shock proteins, peroxidases, lipid transfer proteins and metallothionein-like proteins were also abundant, 3.6% of the total, suggesting a role for these genes in citrus seedling development. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bausher, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 165 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00202-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 703CK UT WOS:000184262300014 ER PT J AU Inderjit Duke, SO AF Inderjit Duke, SO TI Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy SO PLANTA LA English DT Review DE allelochemical; allelopathy; autotoxicity detoxification; joint action; phytotoxin ID ARTEMISIA-ANNUA L; NATURAL PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; GLORY SEEDLING BIOMASS; P-COUMARIC ACID; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ROOT EXUDATE; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES AB Allelochemicals play an important role in explaining plant growth inhibition in interspecies interactions and in structuring the plant community. Five aspects of allelochemicals are discussed from an ecophysiological perspective: (i) biosynthesis, (ii) mode of release, (iii) mode of action, (iv) detoxification and prevention of autotoxicity, and (v) joint action of allelochemicals. A discussion on identifying a compound as an allelochemical is also presented. C1 Univ Delhi, Dept Bot, Delhi 110007, India. ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Inderjit (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Dept Bot, Delhi 110007, India. NR 115 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 67 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2003 VL 217 IS 4 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1054-z PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 720HX UT WOS:000185256300001 ER PT J AU Liebhold, A Elkinton, J AF Liebhold, A Elkinton, J TI Oak mast seeding as a direct cause of gypsy moth outbreaks? A response to Selas SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN NORWAY; NORTH-AMERICA; LEPIDOPTERA; HERBIVORE; DISEASE; ACORNS; RISK C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Liebhold, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 45 IS 2 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10144-003-0148-6 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733CC UT WOS:000185981500013 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Leverentz, B Conway, WS Saftner, RA Reed, AN Camp, MJ AF Janisiewicz, WJ Leverentz, B Conway, WS Saftner, RA Reed, AN Camp, MJ TI Control of bitter rot and blue mold of apples by integrating heat and antagonist treatments on 1-MCP treated fruit stored under controlled atmosphere conditions SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-methylcyclopropene; Penicillium expansum; Colletotrichum acutatum ID REDUCE POSTHARVEST DECAY; MANAGING PLANT-DISEASES; FRESH-CUT APPLE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS; CANDIDA-OLEOPHILA; GALA APPLES; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; ETHYLENE AB To maximize control of fruit decay by alternatives to synthetic fungicides after harvest, various control strategies can be integrated. Treatment of fruit with antagonists is one of the most promising alternatives. This treatment, however, has little or no eradicative activity, which limits its use. Fruit treatment with hot air (at 38 degreesC) for 4 d has eradicative but no residual activity against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) on apple, and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an ethylene receptor inhibitor which slows apple maturation and, presumably, extends action of natural defense mechanisms. An antagonist, Metchnikowia pulcherrima T5-A2, was used in combination with heat and 1-MCP treatments to control bitter rot (caused by Colletotrichum acutatum) and blue mold (caused by P. expansum) on 'Golden Delicious' apples under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions. 1-MCP treatment increased bitter rot and blue mold decays, but both of these decays were effectively controlled on 1-MCP treated apples by a combination of the antagonist and heat treatments. C acutatum is a weaker pathogen than P. expansum, and bitter rot, even on the control treatments, developed only after 4 months in CA storage followed by 2 weeks incubation at 24 degreesC. In contrast, nontreated fruit inoculated with P. expansum were completely decayed after 2 months in CA. The antagonist controlled bitter rot more effectively than blue mold, while blue mold was more effectively controlled by heat treatment. The use of 1-MCP on harvested fruit to inhibit maturation can predispose fruit to decay, but the alternatives to synthetic fungicides are capable of preventing this increase in decay. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry a Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00040-1 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 710CJ UT WOS:000184663000003 ER PT J AU Salman, MD Stark, KDC Zepeda, C AF Salman, MD Stark, KDC Zepeda, C TI Quality assurance applied to animal disease surveillance systems SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal disease surveillance system; fault tree; monitoring and surveillance system; performance of surveillance system; quality assurance; scenario analysis; veterinary epidemiology ID HEALTH AB Monitoring and surveillance systems (MOSS) are essential activities for official Veterinary Services. In addition, the increased trade in animals and animal products over recent years has increased the importance of international disease reporting. A reliable surveillance system is the key to early warning of a change in the health status of any animal population. Such a system is also essential for providing evidence about the absence of diseases or in determining the extent of a disease which is known to be present. The authors discuss a set of methods and approaches for evaluating the quality of surveillance and survey systems. Certain steps are required when assessing the quality of a service or product. Various approaches for quality assessment are available and the suitability of each method depends on the objective of the evaluation. An essential basic requirement is, however, to use an objective, transparent and systematic approach. The evidence collected and the analyses used to reach conclusions must be of such high quality that the results are acceptable to both the management of the MOSS and the assessor. Repeated discussions and negotiations may be necessary to reach consensus, particularly if the judgement affects activities between trading partners. Well-documented MOSS with specified objectives and integrated quality assurance mechanisms are likely to be easier to evaluate. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Swiss Fed Vet Off, CH-3003 Liebefeld, Switzerland. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Staerk, Katharina/M-4186-2013 OI Staerk, Katharina/0000-0002-0553-5499 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 689 EP 696 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 742CL UT WOS:000186497900029 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Jung, YS McReynolds, JL Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Jung, YS McReynolds, JL Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ TI Reduction of E-coli O157 : H7 populations in sheep by supplementation of an experimental sodium chlorate product SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; chlorate; sheep ID BEEF-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; CALVES; FECES; PIGS; COLONIZATION; CARRIAGE; OUTBREAK; GUT AB Ruminant animals are naturally infected with the pathogen Escherichia coli O157:117, annually responsible for numerous meat recalls, foodborne illnesses and deaths. E. coli are equipped with the enzyme nitrate reductase, which not only enables this bacteria to respire anaerobically, but also converts chlorate to the toxic metabolite chlorite. This enzyme system is particular to only a few intestinal bacteria, therefore the vast majority are not affected by chlorate. Sodium chlorate has been shown to effectively decrease foodborne pathogens in several livestock species, including ruminants. However, because infection and proliferation of E. coli occurs primarily in the lower intestine, there is interest in "by-passing" the rumen, thereby, delivering chlorate directly to the largest population of pathogens. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the ability of an experimental sodium chlorate product (ECP II), designed to by-pass the rumen, in reducing fecal shedding and gut concentrations of E. coli O157:H7. Twenty crossbred mature ewes were adapted to a high grain ration and experimentally inoculated with E. coli O157:H7. Thirty-six hours following inoculation, sheep received in their feed one of the following ECP treatments: (1) control (CON), no chlorate; (2) 1X (LOW); (3) 2X (MED); and (4) 4X (HIGH) where X = 1.1 g chlorate ion equivalents/kg BW (five sheep per treatment). Fecal samples were collected every 12 h following inoculation and 24 h following the feeding of chlorate, all animals were euthanized and tissue samples and their respective contents collected from the rumen, cecum and rectum. The MED and HIGH chlorate treatments significantly reduced fecal shedding of E. coli O157:117 compared to the CON treatment [1.53, 1.11, and 3.89 CFU/g feces (log(10)), respectively]. Ruminal contents were similar among treatments, while chlorate tended to decrease (P = 0.08) and reduced (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 populations in the cecum and rectum, respectively. Populations of generic E. coli in the cecal contents were numerically lower (P = 0.11) in the LOW treatment and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) in the MED and HIGH chlorate treatments, respectively. Fermentation profiles through the gastrointestinal tract were unaffected as indicated by slight, but not significant, changes in volatile fatty acids (VFA) profiles in sheep fed chlorate. Results from this study indicate that this experimental chlorate product, administered in the feed, was effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 from the lower gut of sheep as evidenced by the lower cecal and rectal but not ruminal concentrations. Feeding chlorate may be an effective method to decrease E. coli O157:H7 populations in ruminant animals prior to slaughter. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 41 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00099-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 699BX UT WOS:000184037000009 ER PT J AU Fortuna, A Harwood, R Kizilkaya, K Paul, EA AF Fortuna, A Harwood, R Kizilkaya, K Paul, EA TI Optimizing nutrient availability and potential carbon sequestration SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N and C mineralization; carbon sequestration; compost; crop rotation; cover crops; residue decomposition; best management practices ID TERM CROPPING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SOIL; AGROECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; STORAGE; MODELS; POOL AB The uniformity, low cost and ease of application associated with inorganic fertilizers have diminished the use of organic nutrient sources. Concern for food safety, the environment and the need to dispose of animal and municipal wastes have focused attention on organic sources of N such as animal-derived amendments, green manures, and crop rotations. Managing organic N sources to provide sufficient N for crop growth requires knowledge of C and N decomposition over several years, particularly where manure and compost are applied. We report a comparison of compost and chemical fertilizer, use of a corn-corn-soybean-wheat rotation compared to continuous corn and the use of cover crops. Nitrogen (150d) and C incubations (317 d) were conducted to determine the effect of cropping system and nutrient management on: N mineralization potential (NMP), the mineralizable organic N pool (N.), the mean residence time (MRT) of No, C mineralization (C-min), and soil organic carbon (SOC) pool sizes and fluxes. Compost applications over 6 y increased the resistant pool of C by 30% and the slow pool of C by 10%. The compost treatment contained 14% greater soil organic C than the fertilizer management. Nitrogen was limiting on all compost treatments with the exception of first year corn following wheat fallow and clover cover crop. The clover cover crop and wheat-fallow increased inorganic N in both nutrient managements. We recommend that growers adjust their N fertilizer recommendation to reflect the quantity and timing of N mineralized from organic N sources and the N immobilization that can be associated with compost or other residue applications. Proper management of nutrients from compost, cover crops and rotations can maintain soil fertility and increase C sequestration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Adnan Menderes Univ, Dept Anim Sci, TR-09100 Aydin, Turkey. Colorado State Univ, NESB, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fortuna, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1005 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00084-1 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 710DU UT WOS:000184666200001 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Cavigelli, MA AF Collins, HP Cavigelli, MA TI Soil microbial community characteristics along an elevation gradient in the Laguna Mountains of Southern California SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biolog; C-, N-mineralization; desert soils; fatty acid methyl ester; fertile islands; microbial biomass ID NITROGEN DYNAMICS; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; CARBON; RHIZOSPHERE; DIVERSITY; RESOURCES; PROFILES; ROOTS; FAME AB We sampled soil at four sites in the Laguna Mountains in the western Sonoran Desert to test the effects of site and sample location (between or beneath plants) on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and carbon substrate ulilization (Biolog) profiles. The four sites differed in elevation, soil type, plant community composition, and plant percent cover. Soil pH decreased and plant density increased with elevation. Fertile islands, defined as areas beneath plants with greater soil resources than bare areas, are present at all sites, but are most pronounced at lower elevations. Consistent with this pattern, fertile islands had the greatest influence on FAME and Biolog profiles at lower elevations. Based on the use of FAME biomarker and principal components analyses, we found that soil microbial communities between plants at the lowest elevation had proportionally more Gram-negative bacteria than all other soils. At the higher elevation sites there were few differences in FAME profiles of soils sampled between vs. beneath plants. Differences in FAME profiles under plants among the four sites were small, suggesting that the plant influence per se is more important than plant type in controlling FAME profiles. Since microbial biomass carbon was correlated with FAME number (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) and with FAME named (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and total areas (r = 0.84 P < 0.0001), we standardized the FAME data to ensure that differences in FAME profiles among samples were not the result of differences in microbial biomass. Differences in microbial substrate utilization profiles among sampling locations were greatest between samples taken under vs. between plants at the two lower elevation sites. Microbial substrate utilization profiles, therefore, also seem to be influenced more by the presence of plants than by specific plant type. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1027 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00145-7 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 710DU UT WOS:000184666200003 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Blair, JM Todd, TC Kitchen, DJ Whiles, MR AF Callaham, MA Blair, JM Todd, TC Kitchen, DJ Whiles, MR TI Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomass; earthworms; Cicadidae; Scarabaeidae; Elateridae; Curculionidae; insect herbivores; disturbance; nitrogen; phosphorus; fertilizer; grassland; fire; fertilization ID TRANSIENT MAXIMA HYPOTHESIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PLANT-RESPONSES; EARTHWORMS; NITROGEN; DIVERSITY; BISON; AVAILABILITY AB The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcallaham@fs.fed.us RI Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 NR 48 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00153-6 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 710DU UT WOS:000184666200008 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, M Dufault, NS Dornbusch, MR Allan, DL Vance, CP Samac, DA AF Tesfaye, M Dufault, NS Dornbusch, MR Allan, DL Vance, CP Samac, DA TI Influence of enhanced malate dehydrogenase expression by alfalfa on diversity of rhizobacteria and soil nutrient availability SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; lucerne; medicago; malate dehydrogenase; bacterial diversity; rDNA; transgenic plants; organic acids; nutrient uptake ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BT CORN; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; INSECTICIDAL TOXIN; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; LUPINUS-ALBUS AB Transgenic alfalfa over-expressing a nodule-enhanced malate dehydrogenase (neMDH) cDNA and untransformed alfalfa plants were grown at the same field site and rhizosphere soils collected after 53 weeks of plant growth. These alfalfa lines differ in the amount and composition of root organic acids produced and exuded into the rhizosphere. Nucleotide sequencing of PCR-based 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries and Biolog(TM) GN microliter plates were employed to assess the activity of naturally occurring rhizobacteria in the two alfalfa rhizospheres. Selected macro- and micro-elements in the two alfalfa rhizosphere soils were also measured. Analysis of 240 16S rDNA clone sequences indicated the existence of about 11 bacterial phyla and their major subdivisions in the two alfalfa rhizosphere samples. There were qualitative changes in the abundance of bacterial phylogenetic groups between rhizosphere soils of transgenic and untransformed alfalfa. Carbon substrate utilization profiles suggested that rhizosphere samples from transgenic alfalfa had significantly greater microbial functional diversity compared with rhizosphere samples from untransformed alfalfa. The concentrations of nitric acid extractable P, K, Mn, Zn and Cu increased significantly in the transgenic alfalfa rhizosphere compared with the untransformed alfalfa rhizosphere. These observations indicate that organic acids produced by plant roots significantly influence rhizosphere microbial diversity and availability of macro- and micro-nutrients and demonstrate the utility of such trangenic plants as tools for studying the potential impact of plant root exudates on soil microbial ecosystems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,495 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1103 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00162-7 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 710DU UT WOS:000184666200010 ER PT J AU Staley, TE AF Staley, TE TI Initial white clover nodulation under saturation levels of rhizobia relative to low-level liming of an acidic soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Trifolium repens L.; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii; GUS; soil pH; calcium; roots ID LOW PH; SOLUTION CULTURE; NODULE FORMATION; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; MODEL SYSTEM; GENES; EXPRESSION; MELILOTI; CALCIUM; INFECTION AB Improved symbiosis establishment between effective rhizobia and forage legumes is often important for maximizing sward yields, particularly when seeding is done on acidic, low-fertility soils. New information regarding the earliest events in this process could provide insights into the development of germplasm, both plant and bacterial, better adapted to such soils. A recently developed plate model system containing a narrow range of limed (pH 4.71-4.99), nonsterile soils (see article by Staley in Soil Science 167, pp. 211-221) was employed to investigate initial nodulation of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seedlings. Our objectives were to further evaluate nodulation assessment methodology (staining and nodule stage), distinguish between soil pH-induced plant and rhizobia limitations on nodulation by employing (daily) saturation inoculation, and determine if previously observed nodulation reduction by low pH soil was a consequence of inhibition of symbiosis establishment or nodule maturation by utilizing a gusA-marked mutant of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. Over the course of all experiments in all soils, rhizobial MPN populations never declined below 1.3 X 10(4) CFU g(-1) dry soil. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) nodulation responses to soil pH increase were found for both the wildtype (gus(-)) and the mutant (gus(+)) stains, whether assessed using unstained (fresh) or stained (methylene blue or GUS) roots. The pattern of gusA nodule ontogeny under saturation levels of rhizobia, relative to soil pH, suggests that inhibition of symbiosis establishment (cellular effects), rather than differences in nodule maturation (tissue effects), is the explanation for our observed soil pH effects on nodulation. Re-investigation of root responses revealed small but significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences, due to soil pH, primarily for lateral roots. Taken together, these results corroborate our previous, wildtype rhizobia findings of a positive effect of soil lowlevel liming (only 0.25 pH increase) on nodulation and extend them to earlier times (4-6 DAP) in symbiosis establishment, but they refute our previous finding of no root growth and developmental effects. More importantly, they suggest that nodulation reduction in the lower pH soils of our model system was caused by disruption of rhizobia function (but not viable populations) or root hair growth and/or function. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Staley, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tstaley@afsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 8 BP 540 EP 551 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000085051.25696.1b PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 712UN UT WOS:000184816900002 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Li, JM AF Kremer, RJ Li, JM TI Developing weed-suppressive soils through improved soil quality management SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conservation biological control; organic matter; soil enzyme activity; Sustainability; weed-suppressive bacteria; water-stable aggregates ID MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; RHIZOBACTERIA; SEEDLINGS; RESIDUES; BIOLOGY AB Manipulating soil microbial communities using soil and crop management practices is a basic strategy in developing sustainable agricultural systems. Sustainable farming is based, in part, on the efficient management of soil microorganisms to improve soil quality. However, the identification of biological indicators of soil quality that can be used to predict weed suppression in soils has received little attention. We investigated differences in soil microbial activity among various crop and soil management systems to assess: (i) the microbiological characteristics of these soils; (ii) determine whether any relationships existed that might be used in the development of weed suppression. Soil enzyme activity, water-stable aggregates, and the proportions of weed-suppressive bacteria were compared among seven cropping systems and one native-prairie ecosystem in mid-Missouri, USA. Assays of soil enzymes (fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, dehydrogenase, phosphatase) revealed that organic and integrated cropping systems, and the native-prairie ecosystem had the highest levels of soil activity. Weed rhizospheres from these same ecosystems also had greater proportions of bacterial isolates characterized as "growth suppressive" to green foxtail (Setaria viridis [L.] Beauv.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.): 15 and 10%, respectively. The proportion of water-stable soil aggregates was the greatest in soils with the highest organic matter and was found to be related to higher enzyme and weed-suppressive activity. Selected biological indicators of soil quality were associated with potential weed-suppressive activity in soil when that soil was managed for high organic matter content under reduced tillage systems. This research study provides further evidence that soil quality and sustainable agricultural practices may be linked to integrated weed management systems for the biological suppression of weeds. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Environm Soil Sci Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kremerr@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 72 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00088-6 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702HC UT WOS:000184217600008 ER PT J AU Myszewski, JH Bridgwater, FE Byram, TD AF Myszewski, JH Bridgwater, FE Byram, TD TI Determination of the minimum number of stool bed ortets required to capture a desirable genotype from full-sibling family crosses SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE sample size; ortet; stool bed; vegetative propagation ID ROOTING ABILITY; GENETIC-CONTROL; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CUTTINGS AB Two important questions for clonal forestry are: (1) how many ortets must be established to ensure that one or more of the best genotypes in a family will be available for field tests and plantation establishment; and (2) how certain can one be that at least one top genotype will be present in a sample of n ortets. In this study, we calculated the level of confidence (LOC) in having included one or more desirable, rootable genotypes in a random sample of n ortets from a full-sibling family. We also calculated the number of unique ortets required to achieve a given LOC in having included one or more desirable, rootable genotypes in a sample. In general, when the sample size is small, either because the original number of ortets was low or because of poor rootability, the LOC is lower. When rootability is low or when only a small percentage of the possible genotypes is considered desirable, the original number of ortets required to achieve a given LOC is higher. Both LOC and sample size are highly influenced by the target number of desirable genotypes to be captured, in a sample of ortets. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Texas Forest Serv, Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Myszewski, JH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800003 ER PT J AU Lhotka, JM Zaczek, JJ AF Lhotka, JM Zaczek, JJ TI Soil scarification effects on oak reproduction in two mixed-oak bottomland stands of southern Illinois SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE oak regeneration; soil scarification; cherrybark oak ID RED OAK; REGENERATION; SHELTERWOOD AB This study investigated whether soil scarification during the presence of oak mast could increase oak seedling establishment and decrease poison ivy cover in two mixed-oak bottomland stands that lacked adequate advanced oak reproduction. Study sites were located along the Saline River in southern Illinois and designated as Cherrybark Bottoms, with an overstory dominated by cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.), and Post Oak Flat, which contained an even mixture of post oak (Q. stellata Wang.) and cherrybark oak. Scarification was completed in November of 1999 using a small farm tractor with a pull-behind field disk to incorporate acorns into the soil. One growing season after scarification, Cherrybark Bottoms had significantly more oak seedlings in the scarifled plots (7,243 ha(-1)) than in controls (453 ha(-1)). Likewise, Post Oak Flat had a significantly greater density of oak seedlings in scarified plots (8,715 ha(-1)) when compared to control plots (679 ha(-1)). In addition, scarification decreased poison ivy [Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze] cover in both stands. Results suggest that, in the presence of abundant acorns, scarification may increase the establishment of new oak seedlings in mixed-oak bottomland forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Lhotka, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM Lhotkjm@auburn.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 164 EP 171 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800004 ER PT J AU Post, LS Schlarbaum, SE van Manen, F Cecich, RA Saxton, AM Schneider, JF AF Post, LS Schlarbaum, SE van Manen, F Cecich, RA Saxton, AM Schneider, JF TI Development of hardwood seed zones for Tennessee using a geographic information system SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE hardwood; seed zone; adaptation; geographic information system; Tennessee ID DOUGLAS-FIR; GUIDELINES AB For species that have no or limited information on genetic variation and adaptability to normative sites, there is a need for seed collection guidelines based on biological, climatological, and/or geographical criteria. Twenty-eight hardwood species are currently grown for reforestation purposes at the East Tennessee State Nursery. The majority of these species have had no genetic testing to define guidelines for seed collection location and can be distributed to sites that have a very different environment than that of seed origin(s). Poor survival and/or growth may result if seedlings are not adapted to environmental conditions at the planting location. To address this problem, 30 yr of Tennessee county precipitation and minimum temperature data were analyzed and grouped using a centroid hierarchical cluster analysis. The weather data, and elevational data were entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and separately layered over Bailey's Ecoregions to develop a seed zone system for Tennessee. The seed zones can be used as a practical guideline for collecting seeds to ensure that the resulting seedlings will be adapted to planting environments. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Expt Stn, Stat & Comp Serv, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Schlarbaum, SE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800005 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD Cram, MM AF Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD Cram, MM TI Broadcast applications of glyphosate control nutsedge at a south Georgia forest tree nursery SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; nutsedge; Cyperus spp.; forest tree nurseries; weed control ID CYPERUS-ROTUNDUS L; PURPLE NUTSEDGE; MOISTURE AB Nutsedge is a major weed problem in some southern forest tree nurseries. Although herbicides can control most weeds in nurseries, control of nutsedge is usually dependent on fumigation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of broadcast applications of glyphosate for control of nutsedge. Single and multiple applications of glyphosate at 2.2 kg ai/ha greatly reduced the density of nutsedge shoots and viable tubers at a south Georgia forest tree nursery. The first application in June 1999 reduced nutsedge shoots by approximately 98%. Subsequent applications during September and October 1999 had no additional detectable effect. Although applications in August and September 2000 greatly reduced the amount of nutsedge in previously untreated areas, their effect did not appear to be as great as glyphosate applications during the first year. Rainfall before and after glyphosate applications, and plant age at the time of application may have influenced the level of nutsedge control in year two. Nutsedge shoots and viable tubers were reduced to near zero levels in plots treated over a 2 yr period. The use of broadcast applications of glyphosate may be of value in developing a more cost-effective management program for nutsedge control in southern forest tree nurseries. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800006 ER PT J AU Bekele, A Hudnall, WH Tiarks, AE AF Bekele, A Hudnall, WH Tiarks, AE TI Response of densely stocked loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to applied nitrogen and phosphorus SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; fertilization; response surface; lack-of-fit; continuous function design; phosphorus; nitrogen; potassium; pine plantations. ID GROWTH; STAND; DECLINE; HAWAII; FOREST; SITE AB Forest productivity may be enhanced by satisfying the nutrient requirement of trees through fertilization. Afield experiment was designed to study the response of densely stocked 1-yr-old loblolly pine to nitrogen and phosphorus in the presence of applied K on a Beauregard silt loam soil (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults) of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The continuous function design with three replications was used. Fertilizer P rate was based on the P adsorption characteristics of the soil. After 1 yr of growth, the response variables: height; total aboveground dry matter;foliage and wood dry matter, diameter at ground level; and N, P, and K contents were related to the rate of N and P applied by quadratic models with response surface methodology. The lack-of-fit test showed that the quadratic model was adequate in explaining the relationship between Nand P applied and all the response variables except height. Fertilization with N alone on this soil had a depressing effect on yield. Growth and nutrient uptake were enhanced when both Nand P were applied. The predicted N and P levels that would give maximum growth were beyond the rates of N and P tested, indicating that more time should be given to observe the full response. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Bekele, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agron, 104 MB Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 180 EP 189 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800007 ER PT J AU Wittwer, RF Shelton, MG Guldin, JM AF Wittwer, RF Shelton, MG Guldin, JM TI Effects of reproduction cutting method and hardwood retention on shortleaf pine seed production in natural stands of the Ouachita Mountains SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE even-aged silviculture; natural regeneration; Pinus echinata; uneven-aged silviculture AB Shortleafpine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seed production was monitored for 4 yr in stands harvested by a range of even- and uneven-aged reproduction cutting methods. The fifty-two 35-40 ac stands were distributed throughout the Ouachita Mountains from central Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma. Seed crops were characterized as good, poor, poor, and bumper, averaging 109,000,18,000, 5,000, and 379,000 sound seeds/ac, respectively. Seed production the first year after harvest was generally correlated with residual density of shortleaf pines; unharvested control stands, single-tree selection, and shelterwood stands produced more seeds than seed tree stands. Differences in seed production among regeneration cutting methods were not significant for the crop dispersed 4 yr after harvest; this is attributed to release and response of residual seed-producing trees in the seed tree and shelterwood stands. Results also indicated that seed production was lowest for stands located in the western section of the Ouachita Mountains. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Wittwer, RF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM rfw1124@okstate.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800010 ER PT J AU Olson, ME Gaskin, JF Ghahremani-nejad, F AF Olson, ME Gaskin, JF Ghahremani-nejad, F TI Stem anatomy is congruent with molecular phylogenies placing Hypericopsis persica in Frankenia (Frankeniaceae): comments on vasicentric tracheids SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Caryophyllales; central Asia; Frankeniaceae; systematics; vasicentric tracheids; wood anatomy ID WOOD ANATOMY; CARYOPHYLLALES; TRENDS AB Stem and root anatomy of Hypericopsis persica is evaluated in light of molecular data reconstructing Hypericopsis within a clade of Asian Frankenia. No anatomical information contradicts the idea that Hypericopsis should be subsumed within Frankenia. Anatomy in the two genera is comparable, taking into account the unusual habit of Hypericopsis, which consists of slender, short-lived shoots from a long-lived caudex, whereas most species of Frankenia are small shrubs with long-lived shoots. Wood of the slender stems of Hypericopsis is similar to twig wood of the related Frankenia hirsuta in qualitative and quantitative features but differs from mature wood of other species of Frankenia described in previous studies in having smaller cells and little storying. Wood of Hypericopsis is rayless and is made up mostly of libriform fibers and vessel elements associated with vasicentric tracheids. Axial parenchyma is occasional at the margins of growth rings. We briefly evaluate wood characters in the context of Caryophyllales s.l. and suggest characters that may be synapomorphies of clades within this group, e.g., minute lateral wall pits apparently characterize the clade comprising Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Frankeniaceae, and Tamaricaceae. That vasicentric tracheids elongate considerably beyond the lengths of the vessel elements with which they are associated is cited as a distinct ontogenetic difference between these cell types. Likewise, numerous vessel elements comparable in diameter to vasicentric tracheids were observed. These observations are offered as reasons to reject the concept of vasicentric tracheids as simply vessel elements that are too narrow for the formation of perforation plates. C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Univ Tarbiat Moaallem, Tehran 15614, Iran. RP Olson, ME (reprint author), Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Tercer Circuito S-N,Cuidad Univ,Copilco,Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2003 VL 52 IS 3 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.2307/3647451 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 741HP UT WOS:000186452900010 ER PT J AU Webster, CF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, MR AF Webster, CF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, MR TI Aerial detection of waste disposal sites near Donna Reservoir in south Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOGRAPHY AB Aerial color-infrared (CIR) photography was used to detect and catalog unauthorized solid waste disposal sites around Donna Reservoir in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of southern Texas. Qualitative visual evaluation of the positive transparencies showed 25 possible disposal sites randomly scattered throughout the study area, located in sites ranging from bare soil to grass and mixed brush/woods. These sites were transposed onto a computer-generated area map for ground survey confirmation and use by organizations planning to clean-up the sites. Ground-truthing was used to identify waste contents at each site and to estimate waste volumes and areas covered. Unauthorized solid waste sites were verified in 23 of the 25 locations. Two sites contained only broken concrete and asphalt being utilized as erosional fill material. The ground survey identified ten solid waste sites missed on the aerial photos. These sites were missed due to their small size (< 2 m(2)) and because they were covered by lodging guinea grass (Panicum maximum) or giant reed (Arundo donax). The addition of these missed sites to the other 25 locations hindered the overall accuracy of the aerial photographic survey (71.4%). C1 Univ Texas, Pan Amer Coastal Studies Lab, S Padre Isl, TX 78597 USA. USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Webster, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Pan Amer Coastal Studies Lab, 100 Marine Lab Dr, S Padre Isl, TX 78597 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729KU UT WOS:000185773100007 ER PT J AU Thomson, MJ Tai, TH McClung, AM Lai, XH Hinga, ME Lobos, KB Xu, Y Martinez, CP McCouch, SR AF Thomson, MJ Tai, TH McClung, AM Lai, XH Hinga, ME Lobos, KB Xu, Y Martinez, CP McCouch, SR TI Mapping quantitative trait loci for yield, yield components and morphological traits in an advanced backcross population between Oryza rufipogon and the Oryza sativa cultivar Jefferson SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE auantitative trait locus (QTL); advanced backcross QTL analysis (AB-QTL); rice; domestication; comparative genetics ID DOMESTICATION-RELATED TRAITS; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; ELITE RICE HYBRID; PLANT HEIGHT; HEADING DATE; PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY; MOLECULAR DISSECTION; F-2 POPULATION; QTL ANALYSIS; GIBBERELLIN-SYNTHESIS AB An advanced backcross population between an accession of Oryza rufipogon (IRGC 105491) and the U.S. cultivar Jefferson (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) was developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield, yield components and morphological traits. The genetic linkage map generated for this population consisted of 153 SSR and RFLP markers with an average interval size of 10.3 cM. Thirteen traits were examined, nine of which were measured in multiple environments. Seventy-six QTLs above an experiment-wise significance threshold of P < 0.01 (corresponding to an interval mapping LOD > 3.6 or a composite interval mapping LOD > 3.9) were identified. For the traits measured in multiple environments, 47% of the QTLs were detected in at least two environments. The O. rufipogon allele was favorable for 53% of the yield and yield component QTLs, including loci for yield, grains per panicle, panicle length, and grain weight. Morphological traits related to the domestication process and/or weedy characteristics, including plant height, shattering, tiller type and awns, were found clustered on chromosomes 1 and 4. Comparisons to previous studies involving wild x cultivated crosses revealed O. rufipogon alleles with stable effects in multiple genetic backgrounds and environments, several of which have not been detected in studies between Oryza sativa cultivars, indicating potentially novel alleles from O. rufipogon. Some O. rufipogon-derived QTLs, however, were in similar regions as previously reported QTLs from Oryza sativa cultivars, providing evidence for conservation of these QTLs across the Oryza genus. In addition, several QTLs for grain weight, plant height, and flowering time were localized to putative homeologous regions in maize where QTLs for these traits have been previously reported, supporting the hypothesis of functional conservation of QTLs across the grasses. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RiceTec, Alvin, TX 77512 USA. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 81 TC 267 Z9 339 U1 0 U2 49 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 107 IS 3 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1270-8 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 715ZK UT WOS:000185004200012 PM 12736777 ER PT J AU Wu, J Jenkins, J Zhu, J McCarty, J Watson, C AF Wu, J Jenkins, J Zhu, J McCarty, J Watson, C TI Monte Carlo simulations on marker grouping and ordering SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE gene mapping; linkage; marker order; genetics; breeding ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; LOCI; CONSTRUCTION; SERIATION; HUMANS AB Four global algorithms, maximum likelihood (ML), sum of adjacent LOD score (SALOD), sum of adjacent recombinant fractions (SARF) and product of adjacent recombinant fraction (PARF), and one approximation algorithm, seriation (SER), were used to compare the marker ordering efficiencies for correctly given linkage groups based on doubled haploid (DH) populations. The Monte Carlo simulation results indicated the marker ordering powers for the five methods were almost identical. High correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99 between grouping power and ordering power, indicating that all these methods for marker ordering were reliable. Therefore, the main problem for linkage analysis was how to improve the grouping power. Since the SER approach provided the advantage of speed without losing ordering power, this approach was used for detailed simulations. For more generality, multiple linkage groups were employed, and population size, linkage cutoff criterion, marker spacing pattern (even or uneven), and marker spacing distance (close or loose) were considered for obtaining acceptable grouping powers. Simulation results indicated that the grouping power was related to population size, marker spacing distance, and cutoff criterion. Generally, a large population size provided higher grouping power than small population size, and closely linked markers provided higher grouping power than loosely linked markers. The cutoff criterion range for achieving acceptable grouping power and ordering power differed for varying cases; however, combining all situations in this study, a cutoff criterion ranging from 50 cM to 60 cM was recommended for achieving acceptable grouping power and ordering power for different cases. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jenkins, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; Zhu, Jun/B-9945-2009 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 107 IS 3 BP 568 EP 573 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1283-3 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 715ZK UT WOS:000185004200022 PM 12761620 ER PT J AU Komulainen, P Brown, GR Mikkonen, M Karhu, A Garcia-Gil, MR O'Malley, D Lee, B Neale, DB Savolainen, O AF Komulainen, P Brown, GR Mikkonen, M Karhu, A Garcia-Gil, MR O'Malley, D Lee, B Neale, DB Savolainen, O TI Comparing EST-based genetic maps between Pinus sylvestris and Pinus taeda SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Pinus sylvestris; Pinus taeda; ESTP; AFLP; genetic mapping ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; SCOTS PINE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CLIMATIC ADAPTATION; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; LINKAGE MAPS; CDNA CLONES; DNA; GENOME; LOCI AB A genetic map of Pinus sylvestris was constructed using ESTP (expressed sequence tag polymorphism) markers and other gene-based markers, AFLP markers and microsatellites. Part of the ESTP markers (40) were developed and mapped earlier in Pinus taeda, and additional markers were generated based on P. sylvestris sequences or sequences from other pine species. The mapping in P. sylvestris was based on 94 F-1 progeny from a cross between plus-tree parents E635C and E1101. AFLP framework maps for the parent trees were first constructed. The ESTP and other gene sequence-based markers were added to the framework maps, as well as five published microsatellite loci. The separate maps were then integrated with the aid of AFLPs segregating in both trees (dominant segregation ratios 3:1) as well as gene markers and microsatellites segregating in both parent trees (segregation ratios 1:1:1:1 or 1:2:1). The integrated map consisted of 12 groups corresponding to the P. taeda linkage groups, and additionally three and six smaller groups for E1101 and E635C, respectively. The number of framework AFLP markers in the integrated map is altogether 194 and the number of gene markers 61. The total length of the integrated map was 1,314 cM. The set of markers developed for P. sylvestris was also added to existing maps of two P. taeda pedigrees. Starting with a mapped marker from one pedigree in the source species resulted in a mapped marker in a pedigree of the other species in more than 40% of the cases, with about equal success in both directions. The maps of the two species are largely colinear, even if the species have diverged more than 70 MYA. Most cases of different locations were probably due to problems in identifying the orthologous members of gene families. These data provide a first ESTP-containing map of P. sylvestris, which can also be used for comparing this species to additional species mapped with the same markers. C1 Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Forest Biotechnol Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Savolainen, O (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. NR 55 TC 52 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 107 IS 4 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1312-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 712XR UT WOS:000184825300010 PM 12827250 ER PT J AU Zou, JJ Singh, RJ Lee, J Xu, SJ Cregan, PB Hymowitz, T AF Zou, JJ Singh, RJ Lee, J Xu, SJ Cregan, PB Hymowitz, T TI Assignment of molecular linkage groups to soybean chromosomes by primary trisomics SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE soybean; Glycine max; chromosome; primary trisomic; SSR; genetic map ID GENETIC-LINKAGE; MARKERS; RESISTANCE; TRAITS; RFLP; MAP AB Gene-linkage groups (classical linkage groups, CLGs; molecular linkage groups, MLGs) and chromosome relationship in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., 2n=40] is not yet established. However, primary trisomics provide an invaluable cytogenetic tool to associate genes and linkage groups to specific chromosomes. We have assigned 11 MLGs to soybean chromosomes by using primary trisomics (2x+1=41) and SSR markers. Primary trisomics were hybridized with Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. (2n=40) in the greenhouse, F-1 plants with 2n=40 and 41 were identified cytologically and 41 chromosome plants were selfed. A deviation from the 1:2:1 ratio in the F-2 population suggests a marker is associated with a chromosome. Of the possible 220 combinations involving 20 MLGs and 11 primary trisomics, 151 combinations were examined. The relationships between soybean chromosomes and MLGs are: 1=D1a+q, 3=N, 5=A1, 8=A2, 9=K, 13=F, 14=C1, 17=D2, 18=G, 19=L and 20=I. This study sets the stage to establish relationship between nine remaining MLGs with the other genetically unidentified nine primary trisomics. The association of CLGs with the soybean chromosomes will be discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hymowitz, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 107 IS 4 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1304-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 712XR UT WOS:000184825300019 PM 12783169 ER PT J AU Chung, SM Staub, JE AF Chung, SM Staub, JE TI The development and evaluation of consensus chloroplast primer pairs that possess highly variable sequence regions in a diverse array of plant taxa SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE consensus primer; chloroplast; simple sequence repeats; variable region; genetic relationships ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PLASTID CHROMOSOME; DNA PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GENE ORGANIZATION; NONCODING REGIONS; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; CUCURBITACEAE; GENOMES; SET AB Although universal or consensus chloroplast primers are available, they are limited by their number and genomic distribution. Therefore, a set of consensus chloroplast primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (ccSSRs) analysis was constructed from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) chloroplast sequences. These were then tested for their general utility in the genetic analysis of a diverse array of plant taxa. In order to increase the number of ccSSRs beyond that previously reported, the target sequences for SSR motifs was set at A or T (ngreater than or equal to7) mononucleotide repeats. Each SSR sequence motif, along with +/-200-bp flanking sequences from the first of each mononucleotide base repeat, was screened for homologies with chloroplast DNA sequences of other plant species in GenBank databases using BLAST search procedures. Twenty three putative marker loci that possessed conserved flanking sequence spans were selected for consensus primer pair construction using commercially available computer algorithms. All primer pairs produced amplicons after PCR employing genomic DNA from members of the Cucurbitaceae (six species) and Solanaceae (four species). Sixteen, 22 and 19 of the initial 23 primer pairs were successively amplified by PCR using template DNA from species of the Apiaceae (two species), Brassicaceae (one species) and Fabaceae (two species), respectively. Twenty of 23 primer pairs were also functional in three monocot species of the Liliaceae [onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.)], and the Poaceae [oat (Avena sativa L.)]. Sequence analysis of selected ccSSR fragments suggests that ccSSR length and sequence variation could be useful as a tool for investigating the genetic relationships within a genus or closely related taxa (i.e., tribal level). In order to provide for a marker system having significant coverage of the cucumber chloroplast genome, ccSSR primers were strategically 'recombined' and named recombined consensus chloroplast primers (RCCP) for PCR analysis. Successful amplification after extended-length PCR of 16 RCCP primer pairs from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) DNA suggested that the amplicons detected are representative of the cucumber chloroplast genome. These RCCP pairs, therefore, could be useful as an initial molecular tool for investigation of traits related to a chloroplast gene(s) in cucumber, and other closely related species. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 38 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 107 IS 4 BP 757 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s00122-1311-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 712XR UT WOS:000184825300021 PM 12827249 ER PT J AU Mather, T Takeda, T Tassello, J Ohagen, A Serebryanik, D Kramer, E Brown, F Tesh, R Alford, B Chapman, J Lazo, A AF Mather, T Takeda, T Tassello, J Ohagen, A Serebryanik, D Kramer, E Brown, F Tesh, R Alford, B Chapman, J Lazo, A TI West Nile virus in blood: stability, distribution, and susceptibility to PEN110 inactivation SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DENGUE VIRUS; INFECTION; MONOCYTES; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; CYTOKINES; CELLS AB BACKGROUND: The outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) is the most recent reminder that the blood supply continues to be vulnerable to emerging and reemerging pathogens. A potentially prospective approach to reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections of a known or newly emerging microbe is implementation of a broad-spectrum pathogen reduction technology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of WNV to PEN 110 inactivation in RBCs and to characterize the WNV interaction with blood, including the stability of WNV in RBCs stored at 1 to 6degreesC, its distribution and infectivity, and its ability to infect WBCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Inactivation was performed with three WNV isolates spiked into WBC-reduced RBCs. The stability of the virus was evaluated by spiking two viral loads into RBCs followed by storing at 1 to 6degreesC for up to 42 days. The distribution of the virus in plasma, RBCs, and PBMCs was evaluated with whole blood from infected hamsters. Finally, in vitro propagation of WNV was evaluated with the THP-1 cell line and primary monocytes. RESULTS: The kinetics of PEN110 inactivation of WNV isolates RI-44, NJ-176, and 99-3494031 were fast and complete within 24 hours with reduction factors of 5 to 7 log plaque-forming units per mL. WNV remained infectious for up to 42 days at 1 to 6degreesC. The WNV titers in whole blood, plasma, RBCs, and PBMC fractions were equally distributed and ranged from 2 to 3 log tissue culture infectious dose 50 percent per mL. Productive infection of stimulated monocytes and THP-1 cells was also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrated that PEN110 efficiently inactivated WNV in RBCs and whole blood from infected hamsters to the limit of detection. WNV survived in RBCs stored at 1 to 6degreesC with a gradual loss of titer but infectivity could still be observed for up to 42 days. In addition, it was observed that WNV was equally distributed in all blood fractions including PBMCs and it was possible to establish productive infection of a human monocytic cell line and stimulated human monocytes. C1 VI Technol Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USDA, ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Lazo, A (reprint author), VI Technol Inc, 134 Coolidge Ave, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1029 EP 1037 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00464.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 705WC UT WOS:000184418100008 PM 12869107 ER PT J AU Carles, CC Fletcher, JC AF Carles, CC Fletcher, JC TI Shoot apical meristem maintenance: the art of a dynamic balance SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS SHOOT; GENE ENCODES; HOMEOBOX GENES; INTERCELLULAR MOVEMENT; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CLAVATA1; KINASE; EXPRESSION; WUSCHEL AB The aerial structure of higher plants derives from cells at the tip of the stem, in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Throughout the life of a plant, the SAM produces stem tissues and lateral organs, and also regenerates itself. For correct growth, the plant must maintain a constant flow of cells through the meristem, where the input of dividing pluripotent stem cells offsets the output of differentiating cells. This flow depends on extracellular signaling within the SAM, governed by a spatial regulatory feedback loop that maintains a reservoir of stem cells, and on factors that prevent meristem cells from differentiating prematurely. The terminating floral meristem incorporates the spatial regulation scheme into a temporal regulation pathway involving flower patterning factors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 63 TC 118 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 8 IS 8 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00164-X PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 716RQ UT WOS:000185042800012 PM 12927973 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Yates, SR AF Dungan, Robert S. Yates, Scott R. TI Degradation of Fumigant Pesticides: 1,3-Dichloropropene, Methyl Isothiocyanate, Chloropicrin, and Methyl Bromide SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Fumigant pesticides are frequently used in intensive agriculture to control nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Currently, four registered fumigants are available: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl bromide (MeBr). The use of 1,3-D, MITC, and CP can be expected to increase after MeBr is completely phased out of production in the USA in 2005. In soil, the degradation of 1,3-D, MITC, CP, and MeBr occurs through both chemical and biological mechanisms. Repeated applications of the fumigants MITC and 1,3-D are known to enhance their biodegradation as a result of adapted microorganisms. Preliminary evidence suggests that the microorganisms responsible for enhanced degradation of MITC specifically target the isothiocyanate functional group. In the case of 1,3-D, a number of bacteria have been isolated that are capable of degrading 1,3-D and also using it as a sole C and energy source. Of the two isomers of 1,3-D, degradation of trans-1,3-D was found to be greater than that of cis-1,3-D in enhanced soil. Methyl bromide is mainly degraded chemically in soil by hydrolysis and methylation of nucleophilic sites on soil organic matter. Both degradation reactions occur via S(2)N nucleophilic substitution. Methanotrophic and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can co-oxidize MeBr during the oxidation of methane and ammonia, respectively. The microbiological degradation of MeBr is apparently catalyzed by methane and ammonia monooxygenase. Chloropicrin can be dehalogenated by Pseudomonas spp., with the major metabolic pathway occurring through three successive reductive dehalogenations to nitromethane. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.] ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 62 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VA UT WOS:000207557900001 ER PT J AU Lebron, I Robinson, DA AF Lebron, I. Robinson, D. A. TI Particle Size Segregation during Hand Packing of Coarse Granular Materials and Impacts on Local Pore-Scale Structure SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soils and sediments consist of granular particles with an intricate network of pores between them. The structure and orientation of these pores will determine how the material transports fluids and contaminants. A common practice in soil science to simplify experiments and to achieve a homogeneous medium, against which to test transport equations, is to repack a quasi two-dimensional (2-D) Hele Shaw cell or a column. Soil is broken up and sieved to remove large particles that could cause anomalous measurements; then it is re-packed into the column. However, this procedure destroys the natural structure and imparts a new structural arrangement. The material may appear to have similar bulk properties such as porosity and bulk density, but as we aim to demonstrate, the structural properties will be a function of the method used to repack, and it is unlikely that one can achieve a uniform distribution at the micro-scale. We present results of experiments using granular materials, demonstrating how mixtures of particles of different sizes segregate when poured, forming banded structures. The rate at which a material is poured will determine the uniformity of the packed sample. C1 [Lebron, I.; Robinson, D. A.] ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Lebron, I (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ilebron@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 FU NSF [EAR-0074841]; USDA-NRI [2002-35107-12507] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding provided in part by a NSF grant, EAR-0074841 and a USDA-NRI grant 2002-35107-12507. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 330 EP 337 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VA UT WOS:000207557900006 ER PT J AU Basinger, JM Kluitenberg, GJ Ham, JM Frank, JM Barnes, PL Kirkham, MB AF Basinger, J. M. Kluitenberg, G. J. Ham, J. M. Frank, J. M. Barnes, P. L. Kirkham, M. B. TI Laboratory Evaluation of the Dual-Probe Heat-Pulse Method for Measuring Soil Water Content SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) method provides a means of estimating volumetric soil water content (theta) and change in volumetric water content (Delta theta) from measurements of volumetric heat capacity. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the accuracy and precision that can be achieved in measuring theta and Delta theta with the DPHP method. Tempe pressure cells fitted with DPHP sensors were used to conduct desorption experiments in which DPHP-based estimates of theta and Delta theta were compared with values estimated by the gravimetric method. For water contents corresponding to soil water pressure potentials below -100 kPa, comparisons were made by packing the pressure cells with soil wetted to known water contents. The investigation was conducted with seven soil materials representing a wide range of physical properties for mineral soils. The DPHP sensors slightly overestimated theta at low water contents, but it was shown that the bias could be removed by using an empirical calibration equation, Delta theta 1.09 theta(DPHP) - 0.045. This relationship appears to be general inasmuch as it was shown to be applicable for all seven soil materials and for water contents ranging from 0.02 to 0.59 m(3) m(-3). The general calibration equation was also shown to be effective in removing bias in Delta theta estimates. Pooled regression analysis (all soil materials) showed that theta can be measured with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.022 m(3) m(-3). Greater precision can be achieved with Delta theta measurements (RMSE = 0.012 m(3) m(-3)); however, the results indicated a decrease in precision with increasing magnitude of Delta theta. C1 [Kluitenberg, G. J.; Ham, J. M.; Kirkham, M. B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. [Basinger, J. M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Frank, J. M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barnes, P. L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. RP Kluitenberg, GJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. EM gjk@ksu.edu FU Kansas Center for Agricultural Resources and the Environment (KCARE) FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Kansas Center for Agricultural Resources and the Environment (KCARE). The authors gratefully acknowledge Joshua Heitman for assisting with the laboratory experiment. We also thank Dr. Jan Hopmans for valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 389 EP 399 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VA UT WOS:000207557900012 ER PT J AU Mecham, JO Stallknecht, D Wilson, WC AF Mecham, JO Stallknecht, D Wilson, WC TI The S7 gene and VP7 protein are highly conserved among temporally and geographically distinct American isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EHDV; sequence analysis; phylogenetic relationships ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BLUETONGUE-VIRUS; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; COMPETITIVE ELISA; PARTICLES; ATTACHMENT; ANTIBODIES; IBARAKI; VECTOR AB Complete sequences of genome segment 7 (S7) from six isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype I (EHDV-1) and 37 isolates of serotype 2 (EHDV-2) were determined. These isolates were made between 1978 and 2001 from the southeast, mid-Atlantic, Midwest and intermountain United States. Analysis of the S7 sequence similarities showed 98.1% identity among the EHDV-1 isolates and 91.0% identity among the EHDV-2 isolates. Comparison of the deduced amino acid similarities showed an even greater degree of similarity among the isolates (100% among the EHDV-1 isolates and 98.9% identity among the EHDV-2 isolates). There was only 75.8% identity between the EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 isolates at the nucleic acid level; however, there was 93.7% identity between the two groups at the amino acid level. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide indicates a strong selection for silent substitutions. There was no evidence for reassortment between EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 isolates. The high degree of conservation of S7 gene codons and the VP7 protein, suggests that little variation is allowed in preserving the function of this protein. The high degree of conservation also validates the use of diagnostic tests for EHDV based on S7 and VP7. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mecham, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00166-7 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716AH UT WOS:000185006300008 PM 12902042 ER PT J AU Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP TI Production of acetone, butanol and ethanol by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 and in situ recovery by gas stripping SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetone butanol ethanol (ABE); Clostridium beijerinckii BA101; fermentation; gas stripping; integrated process; productivity; selectivity; yield ID SOLVENT PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION BROTH; WHEY PERMEATE; MUTANT STRAIN; ACETOBUTYLICUM; PERVAPORATION; MEMBRANE; BATCH; ABE; INTEGRATION AB We examined the effect of gas-stripping on the in situ removal of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) from batch reactor fermentation broth. The mutant strain (Clostridium beijerinckii BA101) was not affected adversely by gas stripping. The presence of cells in the fermentation broth affected the selectivities of ABE. A considerable improvement in the productivity and yield was recorded in this work in comparison with the non-integrated process. In an integrated process of ABE fermentation-recovery using C. beijerinckii BA101, ABE productivities and yield were improved up to 200 and 118%, respectively, as compared to control batch fermentation data. In a batch reactor C. beijerinckii BA101 utilized 45.4 g glucose l(-1) and produced 17.7 g total ABE l(-1), while in the integrated process it utilized 161.7 g glucose l(-1) and produced total ABE of 75.9 g l(-1). In the integrated process, acids were completely converted to solvents when compared to the non-integrated process ( batch fermentation) which contained residual acids at the end of fermentation. In situ removal of ABE by gas stripping has been reported to be one of the most important techniques of solvent removal. During these studies we were able to maintain the ABE concentration in the fermentation broth below toxic levels. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 24 TC 143 Z9 153 U1 5 U2 52 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1023/A:1025103011923 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 711BF UT WOS:000184717400007 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS AF Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS TI Development and ultrastructure of Besnoitia oryctofelisi tachyzoites, tissue cysts, bradyzoites, schizonts and merozoites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; Besnoitia oryctofelisi; ultrastructure; schizont; merozoite; tachyzoite; tissue cyst; bradyzoite ID CYCLIC TRANSMISSION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; JELLISONI; CATS; DARLINGI; TOXOPLASMATINAE; PROTOZOA; OPOSSUMS; COCCIDIA; CELL AB Development and structure of different life cycle stages of Besnoitia oryctofelisi which has a rabbit-cat life cycle was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. For light microscopy, Besnoitia oryctofelisi-infected tissues were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reagent, and immumohistochemically with rabbit anti-B. oryctofelisi polyclonal antibodies and anti-BAG-1 antibodies. In vitro and in vivo-derived tachyzoites were 5-6 mum long and they were found to divide by endoclyogeny. In tachyzoites, the nucleus was often central, and micronemes were few and located anterior to the nucleus. Earliest tissue cysts were seen in gerbils starting 12 days p.i. Early tissue cysts had an outer PAS-positive cyst wall, a middle PAS-negative host cell layer, and an inner PAS-negative parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. Organisms in early tissue cysts were PAS-negative, did not stain with anti-BAG-1 antibodies, and amylopectin granules and enigmatic bodies were absent. Tissue cysts beginning 17 days p.i. contained organisms that became PAS-positive and reacted with anti-BAG-1 antibodies, indicating they were bradyzoites. Immunoreactivity with polyclonal anti-B. oryctofelisi antibodies suggested that Besnoitia species bradyzoites are encapsulated by the host cell. Bradyzoites (10 mum) were about twice the length of tachyzoites and contained enigmatic bodies characteristic of Besnoitia bradyzoites. Unlike tachyzoites and tissue cysts, schizonts were located intravascularly in the lamina propria of the small intestine of cats. Merozoites were 5-6 mum long, had few rhoptries and amylopectin granules, had numerous micronemes and had a terminal nucleus. (C) 2003 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00087-0 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 705BF UT WOS:000184375800005 PM 12865081 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of acrylamide. A review SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE acrylamide; glycidamide; polyacrylamide; asparagine; food chemistry; food processing; food safety; Maillard reactions; carcinogenicity; developmental toxicity; genotoxicity; hemoglobin adducts; DNA adducts; neurotoxicity; risk assessment ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCT FORMATION; BETA-UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS; NERVE-CELL DAMAGE; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FAST AXONAL-TRANSPORT; MOUSE GERM-CELLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS AB Acrylamide (CH2=CH-CONH2), an industrially produced alpha,beta-unsaturatecl (conjugated) reactive molecule, is used worldwide to synthesize polyacrylamicle. Polyacrylamide has found numerous applications as a soil conditioner, in wastewater treatment, in the cosmetic, paper, and textile industries, and in the laboratory as a solid support for the separation of proteins by electrophoresis. Because of the potential of exposure to acrylamide, effects of acrylamide in cells, tissues, animals, and humans have been extensively studied. Reports that acrylamide is present in foods formed during their processing under conditions that also induce the formation of Maillard browning products heightened interest in the chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of this vinyl compound. Because exposure of humans to acrylamide can come from both external sources and the diet, a need exists to develop a better understanding of its formation and distribution in food and its role in human health. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the chemistry, analysis, metabolism, pharmacology, and toxicology of acrylamide. Specifically covered are the following aspects: nonfood and food sources; exposure from the environment and the diet; mechanism of formation in food from asparagine and glucose; asparagine-asparaginase relationships; Maillard browning-acrylamide relationships; quenching of protein fluorescence; biological alkylation of amino acids, peptides, proteins, and DNA by acrylamide and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide; risk assessment; neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity; protection against adverse effects; and possible approaches to reducing levels in food. Further research needs in each of these areas are suggested. Neurotoxicity appears to be the only documented effect of acrylamide in human epidemiological studies; reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity/clastogenicity, and carcinogenicity are potential human health risks on the basis of only animal studies. A better understanding of the chemistry and biology of pure acrylamide in general and its impact in a food matrix in particular can lead to the development of improved food processes to decrease the acrylamide content of the diet. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 268 TC 529 Z9 561 U1 37 U2 266 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 16 BP 4504 EP 4526 DI 10.1021/jf030204+ PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 704TR UT WOS:000184356700002 PM 14705871 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR AF Caldwell, CR TI Alkylperoxyl radical scavenging activity of red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) phenolics SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; Lactuca sativa; lettuce; ORAC; peroxyl radical; phenolics ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY ASSAY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; COMMON VEGETABLES; PLANT-EXTRACTS; FLAVONOIDS; FRUITS; COMPONENTS; PRODUCTS; STORAGE AB Although lettuce may provide relatively low levels of antioxidative phytochemicals which may contribute to human health, lettuce leaf extracts in fact contained compounds with high specific peroxyl radical scavenging activities. After determining the extraction conditions that minimized phenolic oxidation and produced the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values, the phenolic compounds from red leaf lettuce were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The primary phenolic compounds in the leaf tissue extracts were mono-and dicaffeoyltartaric acid (CTA and DCTA), mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acid (CQA and DCQA), quercetin 3-malonylglucoside (QMG), quercetin 3-glucoside (QG), cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside (CMG), and an unknown phenolic ester (UPE). Significant levels of DCQA were only found after wounding. Using the new fluorescein-based ORAC assay procedures, fractions from the HPLC analyses were assayed for peroxyl radical absorbance capacity. Using absorbance to estimate concentration, the decreasing order of contribution to the total ORAC value of an extract from wounded tissue was QMG > DCQA > CMG > DCTA > UPE > QG > CTA. The decreasing order of the specific peroxyl radical scavenging activities was CMG > QG > DCTA > DCQA > QMG > UPE > CQA > CTA. Since the concentrations of plant flavonoid and phenolic acid esters are sensitive to environmental factors, this information may be used to develop pre- and postharvest conditions which increase the dietary benefits of leaf lettuce. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 16 BP 4589 EP 4595 DI 10.1021/jf030005q PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 704TR UT WOS:000184356700013 PM 14705882 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Thompson, MG Humphrey, SB Zuerner, RL AF Stanton, TB Thompson, MG Humphrey, SB Zuerner, RL TI Detection of bacteriophage VSH-1 svp38 gene in Brachyspira spirochetes SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; spirochete; VSH-1; B. hyodysenteriae; Brachyspira ID SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MITOMYCIN-C; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; LEPTOSPIRA; AGENT AB VSH-1 is a mitomycin C-inducible, non-lytic, phage-like agent that packages random 7.5-kb fragments of the Brachyspira hyodysenteriae genome. VSH-1 is the first recognized mechanism for gene transfer between B. hyodysenteriae cells. To analyze the distribution of VSH-1 among spirochetes, a 344-bp probe for gene svp38, encoding the VSH-1 major head protein, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used in Southern blot hybridizations with genomic DNA from various spirochete genera. The svp38 probe hybridized to a 40-kb SalI-SmaI fragment of the B. hyodysenteriae B78(T) chromosome, indicating VSH-1 DNA insertion into the chromosome at a unique site. Restriction endonuclease digested DNAs of 27 spirochete strains representing six Brachyspira species (B. hyodysenteriae, B. innocens, B. pilosicoli, B. murdochii, B. intermedia, B. alvinipulli) contained a single fragment hybridizing with the svp38 probe. DNAs from spirochete species of the genera Treponema, Spirochaeta, Borrelia, and Leptospira did not hybridize with the probe. VSH-1-like agents appear to be widely distributed among Brachyspira species and, as has been demonstrated for B. hyodysenteriae, may serve as useful gene transfer agents for those other species. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 224 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00438-5 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 708LW UT WOS:000184569700010 PM 12892886 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Jenny, AL Williams, ES AF Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Jenny, AL Williams, ES TI Experimental inoculation of scrapie and chronic wasting disease agents in raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; DIAGNOSIS; SHEEP; MICE; BSE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Chaplin, Melanie/C-7218-2011; Stack, Michael/C-7590-2011 NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JUL 26 PY 2003 VL 153 IS 4 BP 121 EP 123 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 710EL UT WOS:000184667800011 PM 12918830 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA AF Bhagwat, AA TI Simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella strains by real-time PCR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food-bome pathogens; microbial food safety; fresh produce ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; ACID CHALLENGE; FRESH; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; SPROUTS; LETTUCE; PRODUCE; SYSTEM AB A protocol enabling simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella strains was devised and evaluated using artificially contaminated fresh produce. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods for three human pathogens were modified to enable simultaneous and real-time detection with high throughput capability. The method includes a melting-curve analysis of PCR products, which serves as confirmatory test. The modified protocol successfully detected all three pathogens when fresh produce was washed with artificially contaminated water containing E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium down to the predicted level of 1 to 10 cells/ml and L. monocytogenes at 1000 cells/ml. The ability to monitor several pathogens simultaneously will save time and increase our ability to assure food safety. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 103 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00481-6 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 693PE UT WOS:000183725300008 PM 12781944 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Breidt, F Fleming, HP Altermann, E Klaenhammer, TR AF Lu, Z Breidt, F Fleming, HP Altermann, E Klaenhammer, TR TI Isolation and characterization of a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage, Phi JL-1, from a cucumber fermentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; Lactobacillus plantarum; lactic acid bacteria; vegetable fermentation; cucumber fermentation ID STARTER CULTURE; PHAGE; INFECTION; TEMPERATE AB A virulent Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage, PhiJL-1, was isolated from a commercial cucumber fermentation. The phage was specific for two related strains of L. plantarum, BI7 and its mutant (deficient in malolactate fermenting ability) MU45, which have been evaluated as starter cultures for controlled cucumber fermentation and as biocontrol microorganisms for minimally processed vegetable products. The phage genome of PhiJL-1 was sequenced to reveal a linear, double-stranded DNA (36.7 kbp). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles indicated that PhiJL-1 contains six structural proteins (28, 34, 45, 50, 61, and 76 kDa). Electron microscopy revealed that the phage has an isometric head (59 nm in diameter), a long non-contractile tail (182 nm in length and 11 nm in width), and a complex base plate. The phage belongs to the Bradley group B1 or Siphoviridae family. One-step growth kinetics of the phage showed that the latent period was 35 min, the rise period was 40 min, and the average burst size was 22 phage particles/infected cell. Phage particles (90%) adsorbed to the host cells 20 min after infection. Calcium supplementation (up to 30 mM CaCl2) in MRS media did not affect the first cycle of phage adsorption, but promoted rapid phage propagation and cell lysis in the infection cycle subsequent to adsorption. The D values of PhiJL-1 at pH 6.5 were estimated to be 2.7 min at 70 degreesC and 0.2 min at 80 degreesC by a thermal inactivation experiment. Knowledge of the properties of L. plantarum bacteriophage PhiJL-1 may be important for the development of controlled vegetable fermentations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 33 TC 67 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00111-9 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 693PE UT WOS:000183725300009 PM 12781945 ER PT J AU Kim, M McCormick, S Timmermans, M Sinha, N AF Kim, M McCormick, S Timmermans, M Sinha, N TI The expression domain of PHANTASTICA determines leaflet placement in compound leaves SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Diverse leaf forms in nature can be categorized as simple or compound. Simple leaves, such as those of petunia, have a single unit of blade, whereas compound leaves, such as those of tomato, have several units of blades called leaflets. Compound leaves can be pinnate, with leaflets arranged in succession on a rachis, or palmate, with leaflets clustered together at the leaf tip. The mechanisms that generate these various leaf forms are largely unknown. The upper (adaxial) surface is usually different from the bottom (abaxial) surface in both simple and compound leaves. In species with simple leaves, the specification of adaxial and abaxial cells is important for formation of the leaf blade(1,2), and the MYB transcription factor gene PHANTASTICA (PHAN) is involved in maintaining the leaf adaxial (upper) domain(3,4). Here we show that downregulation of PHAN is sufficient to reduce the adaxial domain of leaf primordia and to change pinnate compound leaves into palmate compound leaves. Furthermore, this mechanism seems to be shared among compound leaves that arose independently. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Sinha, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nrsinha@ucdavis.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 19 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6947 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1038/nature01820 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704BT UT WOS:000184318400046 PM 12879073 ER PT J AU Biely, P Mastihubova, M Cote, GL Greene, RV AF Biely, P Mastihubova, M Cote, GL Greene, RV TI Mode of action of acetylxylan esterase from Streptomyces lividans: a study with deoxy and deoxy-fluoro analogues of acetylated methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE acetylxylan esterase; Streptomyces lividans; deacetylation of carbohydrate ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI; DEACETYLATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Streptomyces lividans acetylxylan esterase removes the 2- or 3-O-acetyl groups from methyl 2,4-di-O-acetyl- and 3,4-di-O-acetyl beta-D-xylopyranoside. When the free hydroxyl group was replaced with a hydrogen or fluorine, the rate of deacetylation was markedly reduced, but regioselectivity, was not affected. The regioselectivity of deacetylation was found to be independent of the prevailing conformation of the substrates in solution as determined by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. These observations confirm the importance of the vicinal hydroxyl group and are consistent with our earlier hypothesis that the deacetylation of positions 2 and 3 may involve a common ortho-ester intermediate. Another possible role of the free vicinal hydroxyl group could be the activation of the acyl leaving group in the deacetylation mechanism. Involvement of the free hydroxyl group in the enzyme-substrate binding is not supported by the results of inhibition experiments in which methyl 2,4-di-O-acetyl beta-D-xylopyranoside was used as substrate and its analogues or methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside as inhibitors. The enzyme requires for its efficient action the trans arrangement of the free and acetylated hydroxyl groups at positions 2 and 3. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. USDA ARS, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Biely, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. EM chempbsa@savba.sk NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 1622 IS 2 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0304-4165(03)00130-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 707FF UT WOS:000184499200003 PM 12880945 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foulia, TA Nunez, A AF Piazza, GJ Foulia, TA Nunez, A TI Oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid by oat seed peroxygenase: Identification of products. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, United States Dept Agr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 28 MA 197 BP 8639 EP 8639 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702XA UT WOS:000184249000222 ER PT J AU Andersson, L Cotta, MA Kenne, L AF Andersson, L Cotta, MA Kenne, L TI Structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain H10b SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens; bacterial polysaccharide; (1-carboxyethyl)-galactose; (1-carboxyethyl)-glucose; CD; structures ID GALACTO; METHYL; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIGURATION; PYRANOSIDES; NMR AB The extracellular polysaccharide produced by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain H10b, when grown under strictly anaerobic conditions with glucose as carbohydrate source, has been studied by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrate that the polysaccharide consists of hexasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: beta-D-Glcp 1 OAc 6 down arrow : 6 2 [-->4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->4)-6-(O)-[(R)-1-carboxyethyl]-alpha-D-Galp-(1] The isolated polysaccharide was found to be similar to65% acetylated at O-2 of the 3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-beta-D-Glcp residue. The absolute configuration of the 1-carboxyethyl groups was determined by circular dichroism. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Chem, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenne, L (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Chem, POB 7015, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 338 IS 15 BP 1571 EP 1579 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(03)00204-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 705DN UT WOS:000184380600006 PM 12860428 ER PT J AU Wong, JH Balmer, Y Cai, N Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB AF Wong, JH Balmer, Y Cai, N Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB TI Unraveling thioredoxin-linked metabolic processes of cereal starchy endosperm using proteomics SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thioredoxin; redox regulation; wheat; Triticum aestivurn; endosperm; proteomics ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR PROTEINS; STORAGE PROTEINS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; REDOX CHANGES; BARLEY-GRAIN; WHEAT; REDUCTION; SYSTEM; PULLULANASE AB Application of a thiol-specific probe, monobromobimane, with proteomics and enzyme assays led to the identification of 23 thioredoxin targets in the starchy endosperm of mature wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum cv. Butte), almost all containing at least two conserved cysteines. The identified targets, 12 not known to be thioredoxin-linked, function in a spectrum of processes: metabolism (12 targets), protein storage (three), oxidative stress (three), protein degradation (two), protein assembly/folding (one) and unknown reactions (two). In addition to formulating metabolic pathways functional in the endosperm, the results suggest that thioredoxin acts in redox regulation throughout the life cycle of the seed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Buchanan, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 30 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 547 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00696-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 702XT UT WOS:000184250600029 PM 12860404 ER PT J AU Chinea, JD Helmer, EH AF Chinea, JD Helmer, EH TI Diversity and composition of tropical secondary forests recovering from large-scale clearing: results from the 1990 inventory in Puerto Rico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest fragmentation; landscape dynamics; tropical; land use; biodiversity ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SPATIAL PATTERN; RAIN-FOREST; OLD-GROWTH; DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; GRADIENT; HETEROGENEITY AB The extensive recovery from agricultural clearing of Puerto Rican forests over the past half-century provides a good opportunity to study tropical forest recovery on a landscape scale. Using ordination and regression techniques, we analyzed forest inventory data from across Puerto Rico's moist and wet secondary forests to evaluate their species composition and whether the landscape structure of older forest affected tree species composition of recovering forests at this scale. Our results support conclusions from studies conducted in Puerto Rico at smaller scales and temperate forests at larger scales that timing of abandonment and land use history are of overwhelming importance in determining the species composition of recovering forests. Forest recovery is recent enough in Puerto Rico that previous land use is clearly evident in current species composition, and creates new forest communities. As demonstrated in other work, physical factors such as elevation and substrate co-vary with land use history, so that the species composition of the forest landscape results from the interplay between biophysical and socioeconomic forces over time. Our results also indicate that increasing the distance to the largest forest patches occurring in the landscape 12 years previous had a small negative impact on species richness but not species diversity or community composition. We conclude that land use history has as much influence in species composition as biophysical variables and that, at the scale of this study, there is no large influence of forest landscape structure on species diversity or composition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Agr, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Chinea, JD (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Recinto Mayaguez,POB 9012, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 51 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 240 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00565-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00565-0 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703YX UT WOS:000184311800019 ER PT J AU Yu, SF Chambers, JL Tang, ZM Barnett, JP AF Yu, SF Chambers, JL Tang, ZM Barnett, JP TI Crown characteristics of juvenile loblolly pine 6 years after application of thinning and fertilization SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE branch size; crown section; cultural treatments; foliage biomass; leaf area; vertical distribution; Pinus taeda ID LEAF-AREA; DOUGLAS-FIR; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; GROWTH-RESPONSES; CANOPY STRUCTURE; SHOOT STRUCTURE; STAND DENSITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Total foliage dry mass and leaf area at the canopy hierarchical level of needle, shoot, branch and crown were measured in 48 trees harvested from a 14-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, six growing seasons after thinning and fertilization treatments. In the unthinned treatment, upper crown needles were heavier and had more leaf area than lower crown needles. Branch- and crown-level leaf area of the thinned trees increased 91 and 109%, respectively, and whole-crown foliage biomass doubled. The increased crown leaf area was a result of more live branches and foliated shoots and larger branch sizes in the thinned treatment. Branch leaf area increased with increasing crown depth from the top to the mid-crown and decreased towards the base of the crown. Thinning stimulated foliage growth chiefly in the lower crown. At the same crown depth in the lower crown, branch leaf area was greater in the thinned treatment than in the unthinned treatment. Maximum leaf area per branch was located nearly 34 m below the top of the crown in the unthinned treatment and 4-5 m in the thinned treatment. Leaf area of the thinned-treatment trees increased 70% in the upper crown and 130% in the lower crown. Fertilization enhanced needle size and leaf area in the upper crown, but had no effect on leaf area and other variables at the shoot, branch and crown level. We conclude that the thinning-induced increase in light penetration within the canopy leads to increased branch size and crown leaf area. However, the branch and crown attributes have little response to fertilization and its interaction with thinning. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn 4111, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Tang, ZM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn 4111, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00582-0 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703YX UT WOS:000184311800028 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Spetich, MA AF Guyette, RP Spetich, MA TI Fire history of oak-pine forests in the Lower Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ozarks; dendrochronology; human population; fire scar; Arkansas river ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION; MISSOURI OZARKS; DISTURBANCE AB Perspective on present day issues associated with wildland fire can be gained by studying the long-term interactions among humans, landscape, and fire. Fire frequency and extent over the last 320 years document these interactions north of the Arkansas River on the southern edge of the Lower Boston Mountains. Dendrochronological methods were used to construct three fire chronologies from 309 dated fire scars that were identified on 45 shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) remnants. Fire frequency increased with human population density from a depopulated period (the late 1600s and early 1700s) to a peak in fire frequency circa 1880. Fire frequency then decreased as human population continued to increase. Fire frequency and human population density were positively correlated during an early period (1680-1880) with low levels of population, but negatively correlated during a later period (1881-1910) with high levels of population. We hypothesized that this difference is due to limits on fire propagation and ignition caused by land use and culture, as well as human population density. Relatively high human population densities (>5 humans/km(2)) were associated with a peak in the maximum number of fires per decade in this highly dissected, 'bluff and bench' landscape compared to less dissected regions of the Ozarks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203N ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM guyetter@missouri.edu NR 47 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00613-8 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703YX UT WOS:000184311800038 ER PT J AU Aldrich, PR Parker, GR Ward, JS Michler, CH AF Aldrich, PR Parker, GR Ward, JS Michler, CH TI Spatial dispersion of trees in an old-growth temperate hardwood forest over 60 years of succession SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aggregation; disturbance; Ripley's; shade-tolerance; uniformity ID BEECH-MAPLE FOREST; SOUTHEASTERN OHIO; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SOUTHWESTERN ILLINOIS; QUERCUS-LAEVIS; CROWN CLASS; PATTERN; DYNAMICS; WOODS; PINE AB An analysis of spatial dispersion was conducted for individual tree species in the old-growth forest at the Davis-Purdue Research Forest in Indiana. This 20.6 ha stand has been left largely undisturbed by exogenous factors since its acquisition by Purdue in 1917. It is the only long-term study plot of its size for a temperate hardwood forest with x-y coordinates (rectangular plot) for all species above 10 cm diameter. Full censuses have been conducted spanning 60 years (1926, 1976 and 1986). Ripley's L(t) function revealed that most species are characterized by some form of aggregation, agreeing with a prior evaluation from 1981. Heterogeneity of spatial structure was evident between two large plots, indicating that differences in site quality and history had influenced spatial structure. Shade-intolerant species were numerically dominant and spatially aggregated in 1926 but have declined over the 60-year interval and become more random in spatial dispersion. Shade-tolerant species have increased in number and become more aggregated over time, or they exhibit little change in spatial structure. Examples of the latter include Acer saccharum and Ulmus americana, species that experienced explosive population growth. These contrasting patterns are masked by stand-level patterns that show a trend toward uniformity over the same time frame. These data reveal that changes in dispersion accompany the demographic failure experienced by numerous tree species in Central Hardwood old-growth stands, and these changes may feed back into a negative population cycle and further impede regeneration. The simultaneous manipulation of dispersion and density should be considered as a tool for influencing forest succession and promoting regeneration of desired tree species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA,Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort & Forestry, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Aldrich, PR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA,Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, 1159 Forestry Bldg,195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 71 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 475 EP 491 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00612-6 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703YX UT WOS:000184311800039 ER PT J AU Giese, LAB Aust, WM Kolka, RK Trettin, CC AF Giese, LAB Aust, WM Kolka, RK Trettin, CC TI Biomass and carbon pools of disturbed riparian forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; carbon; riparian; succession ID SOUTHEASTERN FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; GREAT DISMAL SWAMP; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; WOODY DEBRIS; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COASTAL-PLAIN; ECOSYSTEMS AB Quantification of carbon pools as affected by forest age/development can facilitate riparian restoration and increase awareness of the potential for forests to sequester global carbon. Riparian forest biomass and carbon pools were quantified for four riparian forests representing different seral stages in the South Carolina Upper Coastal Plain. Three of the riparian forests were recovering from disturbance (thermal pollution), whereas the fourth represents a mature, relatively undisturbed riparian forest. Above and belowground carbon pools were determined from linear transects established perpendicular to the main stream channels and spanning the width of the riparian area. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and carbon pools in severely disturbed, early successional bottomland hardwood riparian forests and to compare these values to those of a less disturbed, mature riparian forest. Aboveground biomass in all four riparian forests increased during the 2.5-year investigation period. The total carbon pool in these South Carolina Coastal Plain riparian forests increased with forest age/development due to greater tree and soil carbon pools. The mature riparian forest stored approximately four times more carbon than the younger stands. The importance of the herbaceous biomass layer and carbon pool declined relative to total aboveground biomass with increasing forest age. As stands grew older fine root biomass increased, but an inverse relationship existed between percentages of fine root biomass to total biomass. The root carbon pool increased with forest age/development due to a combination of greater fine root biomass and higher root percent carbon. Aboveground net primary production (NPP) in young riparian forests rapidly approached and exceeded NPP of the more mature riparian forest. As a woody overstory became established (after similar to8-10 years) annual litterfall rate as a function of NPP was independent of forest age and litterfall amount in the young riparian forests was comparable to mature riparian forests. Biomass in the riparian forest floor and carbon pool declined with increasing riparian forest development. Woody debris in these riparian forests comprised a relatively small carbon pool. An understanding of bottomland hardwood riparian forest carbon pools at different stages of succession allows us to assess how time since disturbance influences these pools, leading to a better understanding of the recovery processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wetland Studies & Solut Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Giese, LAB (reprint author), Wetland Studies & Solut Inc, 14088-M Sullyfield Circle, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. NR 75 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 493 EP 508 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00644-8 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703YX UT WOS:000184311800040 ER PT J AU Roberge, MT Borgerding, AJ Finley, JW AF Roberge, MT Borgerding, AJ Finley, JW TI Speciation of selenium compounds from high selenium broccoli is affected by the extracting solution SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenomethionine; Se-methylselenocysteine; methylseleninic acid; HPLC; ICP-MS; plant ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; ION-PAIRING AGENTS; HPLC-ICP-MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOSELENIUM COMPOUNDS; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; ALLIUM CHEMISTRY; SODIUM SELENITE AB The speciation of selenium compounds from high selenium broccoli (876 mug/g) depends on the extraction conditions. Twenty-seven extraction conditions were explored involving nine different buffering systems between pH 1 and pH 9. In nonbuffered extractions of broccoli, more than 40% of the spiked Se-methylselenocysteine was not recovered in the filtered solution. However, in buffered extractions, losses for Se-methylselenocysteine ranged from 10 to 20%. Mass balance indicated that approximately 30% of naturally occurring selenium in broccoli samples was volatilized and lost to the atmosphere when buffered extractions were made. Solid phase extractions indicated that the polarity of selenium compounds in solution was also dependent on the extracting solution. High-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to show that selenium compounds extracted from broccoli reacted with the extracting solution. Compound identities were assigned by matching retention times to standards of selenite, selenate, methylseleninic acid, Se-methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and the selenonic acids of Semethylselenocysteine and selenomethionine. Changes in speciation were analyte-, pH-, and buffer-dependent, but generally, a higher pH resulted in more highly oxidized selenium compounds. For valid conclusions to be drawn from the analytical data, the extraction conditions should match the conditions present in the matrix or be specified for a particular application such as a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ St Thomas, Dept Chem, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 15 BP 4191 EP 4197 DI 10.1021/jf021247d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700EY UT WOS:000184100700004 PM 12848483 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Butts, CL Maleki, SJ Champagne, ET AF Chung, SY Butts, CL Maleki, SJ Champagne, ET TI Linking peanut allergenicity to the processes of maturation, curing, and roasting SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peanuts; allergenicity; IgE binding; AGE adducts; Maillard reaction; ELISA; blot assays; stress proteins; antibodies to dehydrin; maturity; curing; roasting; food processing ID STRESS-PROTEINS; MAILLARD REACTION; MATURITY; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS AB The processes of peanut maturation, curing, and roasting are known to have an important role in peanut flavors. One of these processes (i.e., roasting) has been found to have an effect on allergenicity. To determine if the other processes (i.e., maturation and curing) affect allergenicity, mature and immature roasted peanuts and peanuts cured at different temperatures (35-77 degreesC) were, respectively, tested for IgE binding and advanced glycation end adducts (AGEs). Peanuts with and without stress proteins, which are associated with peanut maturation and curing, were also tested. Results showed that mature roasted peanuts exhibited a higher IgE binding and AGEs level than immature roasted peanuts. Curing temperatures between 35 and 60 degreesC gave no difference in the profiles. However, a higher curing temperature (i.e., 77 degreesC) exhibited a profile of higher levels of AGEs and IgE binding. These levels were higher in peanuts with stress proteins than without stress proteins. Roasting increased stress protein level and IgE binding. From these results, the processes of maturation and curing, in conjunction with roasting, may be associated with allergenicity, suggesting that these processes may lead to changes in the allergenic properties of peanuts. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 15 BP 4273 EP 4277 DI 10.1021/jf02121d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700EY UT WOS:000184100700018 PM 12848497 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Bunce, JA Maas, JL AF Wang, SY Bunce, JA Maas, JL TI Elevated carbon dioxide increases contents of antioxidant compounds in field-grown strawberries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; anthocyanin; flavonoid; flavonol; phenolics; Fragaria x ananassa ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; SINGLET OXYGEN; CO2 ENRICHMENT; CAPACITY; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; ASCORBATE; ACCLIMATION; OXIDATION AB The effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were studied under field conditions. Increased CO2 (300 and 600 mumol mol(-1) above ambient) concentrations resulted in increases in ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and ratios of AsA to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAsA) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a decrease in DHAsA in strawberry fruit. High anthocyanin and phenolic content were also found in fruit of CO2 treated plants. Growing strawberry plants under CO2 enrichment conditions significantly enhanced fruit p-coumaroylglucose, dihydroflavonol, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, and kaempferol 3-glucoside contents, as well as cyaniclin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate content. Fruit of strawberry plants grown in the CO2 enrichment conditions also had high oxygen radical absorbance activity against ROO., O-2(.-), H2O2, OH., and O-1(2) radicals. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 15 BP 4315 EP 4320 DI 10.1021/jf021172d PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700EY UT WOS:000184100700025 PM 12848504 ER PT J AU Zhang, SM Willett, WC Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Giovannucci, EL Holmes, MD Colditz, GA Hankinson, SE AF Zhang, SM Willett, WC Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Giovannucci, EL Holmes, MD Colditz, GA Hankinson, SE TI Re: Plasma folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, homocysteine, and risk of breast cancer - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zhang, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Dept Epidemiol, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 14 BP 1091 EP 1091 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 703QB UT WOS:000184291500022 ER PT J AU Kojima, FN Bergfeld, EGM Wehrman, ME Cupp, AS Fike, KE Mariscal-Aguayo, DV Sanchez-Torres, T Garcia-Winder, M Clopton, DT Roberts, AJ Kinder, JE AF Kojima, FN Bergfeld, EGM Wehrman, ME Cupp, AS Fike, KE Mariscal-Aguayo, DV Sanchez-Torres, T Garcia-Winder, M Clopton, DT Roberts, AJ Kinder, JE TI Frequency of luteinizing hormone pulses in cattle influences duration of persistence of dominant ovarian follicles, follicular fluid concentrations of steroids, and activity of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE progesterone; LH; ovarian follicles; IGF-binding proteins; cattle-endocrinology ID BOVINE ESTROUS-CYCLE; FACTOR-I; EXOGENOUS PROGESTERONE; STIMULATING-HORMONE; CORPUS-LUTEUM; FACTOR SYSTEM; GRANULOSA-CELLS; IGF-I; SECRETION; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL AB The objectives of the present study were to determine how varying frequency of LH pulses as controlled by varying treatments with progesterone (P-4) in cattle would affect: (1) concentration of steroid hormones and activity of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the ovarian follicular fluid and blood plasma, and (2) duration of persistence of largest ovarian follicles. There were four treatment groups (n = 7 per group) and a control group (n = 5) of mature, non-lactating beef cows. Treatments were: (1) two progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs) for 16 days (2PRID); (2) a half PRID for 16 days (0.5PRID); (3) two PRIDs for 8 days, then a half PRID for 8 days (2-0.5PRID); or (4) a half PRID for 8 days, then two PRIDs for 8 days (0.5-2PRID). Treatment was initiated on the fifth day of the estrous cycle, which was designated as Day 0, and continued for 16 days. All P-4-treated females were administered prostaglandin F-2alpha on Day 0 and 1 to regress their corpora lutea. Frequency of LH pulses was greater during treatment with the smaller dose of P-4 compared with treatment with the larger dose of P-4 and the control group. Ovarian follicles were classified into five categories based on ultrasonographic observations: growing (G); atretic (A); growing dominant (GD); growing persistent (GP); or atretic persistent (AP). At ovariectomy on Day 16, the largest and second largest follicles collected were re-classified into five categories based on follicular concentration of steroids. Classification of the largest follicle collected on Day 16 was influenced by treatment (P < 0.005), with the 2PRID group having A follicles, the 2-0.5PRID group GP follicles, the 0.5-2PRID group AP follicles, and the 0.5PRID group GD and GP follicles. Concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E-2) were greatest in GD and GP follicles (P < 0.05). There was less (P < 0.05) activity of IGFBP-2 in GD follicles and less (P < 0.05) activity of IGFBP-3 in GD and GP follicles than other follicles. Activity of IGFBP-4 and -5 was greater (P < 0.05) in A and AP follicles than G, GD, and GP follicles. Maintenance of a frequent release of LH pulses over a 16-day period did not result in maintenance of persistent follicles throughout this period indicating that duration of dominance of these follicles is finite even when there is frequent release of LH pulses. Follicular atresia is associated with greater activity of IGFBP-2, -4, -5, and greater concentrations of P-4 in follicles, whereas growing dominant and persistent follicles contained greater concentrations of E-2, androstenedione (A(4)), and less IGFBP-2 activity than follicles of other classes. Follicle classifications based on ultrasonography or follicular concentration of steroids did differ (P < 0.05) for the largest follicles from the 2PRID group. Two follicles in this group appeared as GD follicles by ultrasonography, but these were atretic based on follicular steroid contents. Objective I of the present study yielded the conclusion that concentrations of steroid hormones in follicular fluid and blood plasma could be predictably controlled by regulating the frequency of LH pulses with varying doses of P-4. Objective 2 yielded the conclusion that maintain frequent release of LH pulses over a 16-day period could not maintain persistent follicles throughout this period, indicating that duration of dominance of these follicles is finite even when there is frequent release of LH pulses. Follicular atresia in the present study was associated with increased follicular fluid activity of IGFBP-2, -4, -5, and P-4, whereas growing dominant and persistent follicles contained greater concentrations of E-2, A(4), and less IGFBP-2 activity than follicles of other classes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, 110 Anim Sci Bldg,2029 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kinder.15@osu.edu NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00038-1 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 692KA UT WOS:000183659200005 PM 12695054 ER PT J AU Zhao, AP McDermott, J Urban, JF Gause, W Madden, KB Yeung, KA Morris, SC Finkelman, FD Shea-Donohue, T AF Zhao, AP McDermott, J Urban, JF Gause, W Madden, KB Yeung, KA Morris, SC Finkelman, FD Shea-Donohue, T TI Dependence of IL-4, IL-13, and nematode-induced alterations in murine small intestinal smooth muscle contractility on Stat6 and enteric nerves SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; MICE; INFLAMMATION; INFECTIONS; HYPERCONTRACTILITY; INTERLEUKIN-4; PARASITISM; CYTOKINES AB IL-4 and IL-13 promote gastrointestinal worm expulsion in part through effects on nonlymphoid cells, such as intestinal smooth muscle cells. The roles of Stat6 in IL-4-, IL-13-, and parasitic nematode-induced effects on small intestinal smooth muscle contractility were investigated in BALB/c wild-type and Stat6-deficient mice treated with a long-lasting formulation of recombinant mouse IL-4 (IL-4C) or IL-13 for 7 days. Separate groups of BALB/c mice were infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or were drug-cured of an initial Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection and later reinfected. Infected mice were studied 9 and 12 days-after inoculation, respectively. Segments of jejunum were suspended in an organ bath, and responses to nerve stimulation and to acetylcholine and substance P in the presence and absence of tetradotoxin, a neurotoxin, were determined. Both IL-4 and IL-13 increased smooth muscle responses to nerve stimulation in wild-type mice, but the effects were greater in IL-13-treated mice and were absent in IL-13-treated Stat6-deficient mice. Similarly, hypercontractile responses to nerve stimulation in H. polygyrus- and N. brasiliensis-infected mice were dependent in part on Stat6. IL-13, H. polygyrus, and N. brasiliensis, but not IL-4, also increased contractility to acetylcholine by mechanisms that involved Stat6 and enteric nerves. These studies demonstrate that both IL-4 and IL-13 promote intestinal smooth muscle contractility, but by different mechanisms. Differences in these effects correlate with differences in the relative importance of these cytokines in the expulsion of enteric nematode parasites. C1 ARS, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), ARS, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI/DK49316, R01AI35987-06, R01 AI049316] NR 26 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 171 IS 2 BP 948 EP 954 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 700BY UT WOS:000184093800057 PM 12847266 ER PT J AU Yehuda, H Droby, S Bar-Shimon, M Wisniewski, M Goldway, M AF Yehuda, H Droby, S Bar-Shimon, M Wisniewski, M Goldway, M TI The effect of under- and overexpressed CoEXG1-encoded exoglucanase secreted by Candida oleophila on the biocontrol of Penicillium digitatum SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE yeast; Candida; biocontrol; exoglucanase ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BETA-GLUCANASES; POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS; YEAST; ALBICANS; CLONING; GENE; RESISTANCE; EXO-BETA-(1,3)-GLUCANASE; BETA-1,3-EXOGLUCANASE AB The yeast, Candida oleophila, is acknowledged for its biocontrol activity against postharvest moulds. However, the mechanism of this activity is not fully understood. One of the conjectured modes of action is associated with extracellular lytic enzymes, such as beta-exoglucanase. The relationship of beta-exoglucanase in the biocontrol activity of C. oleophila was investigated by generating C. oleophila CoEXG1-knockouts and double-CoEXG1 transformants. The knockout transformants secreted 0-13% of the exoglucanase activity detected in the medium of the untransformed yeast (depending on the medium), indicating that CoEXG1 is the main gene responsible for the production of the secreted exoglucanase. Correspondingly, the double-CoEXG1 transformants secreted approximately twice as much 1,3-beta-exoglucanase as the untransformed C. oleophild. The biocontrol activity of the CoEXG1-knockout and the double-CoEXG1 transformants against Penicillium digitatum did not differ from that of the untransformed C. oleophild on kumquats. These results imply that the 1,3-beta-exoglucanase encoded by the gene CoEXG1 is not involved in the biocontrol activity of C. oleophila against P. digitatum under these experimental terms. However, these findings do not rule out the possibilities, that the participation of CoEXG1 in biocontrol is dependent on the activity of other gene products, or that its effect may be manifested under altered environmental conditions. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 MIGAL Galilee Technol Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, IL-11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Goldway, M (reprint author), MIGAL Galilee Technol Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, POB 831, IL-11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 20 IS 9 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1002/yea.1006 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 700RC UT WOS:000184124100002 PM 12845603 ER PT J AU Peres, H Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Peres, H Lim, C Klesius, PH TI Nutritional value of heat-treated soybean meal for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Nutrition and Feeding in Fish CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL RHODES, GREECE SP Natl Ctr Marine Res, Int Union Nutr Sci Comm Nutr & Product Fish & Shellfish DE channel catfish; soybean meal; heat treatment; growth performance; immune response; disease resistance ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; COHO SALMON; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; DISTAL INTESTINE; PYLORIC CECA AB study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of heat treatment of defatted raw soybean meal (RSBM) on the growth performance, hematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Six practical-type diets were formulated to be isocaloric (2.8 kcal DE/kg diet) and isonitrogenous (34% crude protein). A diet containing 45% of commercial soybean meal (CSBM) served as the control. RSBM, non-heat treated (RSBM0) and heated in an autoclave using the dry cycle at 130 degreesC and 22 psi for 5 (RSBM5), 10 (RSBM10), 20 (RSBM20), and 40 min (RSBM40), was used to isonitrogenously replace the CSBM in the control diet. Each diet was fed to juvenile catfish (4.98 g) in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. Another batch of diets containing 1% of chromic oxide was used for measurement of apparent digestibility coefficients. Heating RSBM for 20 min or longer lowered trypsin inhibitor (IT) content and increased the apparent protein digestibility (APD). The protein dispersibility index (PDI) decreased with an increase in the duration of heat treatment. Fish fed CSBM and RSBM40 diets had similar weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and apparent protein utilization which were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets. Feed intake significantly increased when RSBM was heated for 20 min or longer. Fish fed the RSBM40 diet had significantly lower feed intake but higher feed efficiency than those fed the CSBM diet. Whole-body protein was highest for fish fed the RSBM40 diet but did not differ from that of fish fed the CSBM diet. Hepatosomatic and visceral indices (HSI and VI) of the groups fed CSBM and RSBM40 diets were significantly lower than those fed other diets. Total cell count, red blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Plasma lysozyme activity and protein of fish fed the CSBM and RSBM40 diets were similar and significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets. Cumulative mortality 14-day post challenge with E. ictaluri was significantly lower for fish fed the RSMB5 and RSBM10 diets but significantly increased when heating time was increased to 40 min. Macrophage chemotaxis in the presence of exoantigen and antibody titer against E. ictaluri was higher for the groups fed the RSBM containing diets than those fed the CSBM diet, although the differences were not always significant. Results of this study indicate that autoclaving the RSBM for 40 min lowered the TI and PDI, improved the nutritional value of RSBM and increased plasma lysozyme and protein. However, this level of heat treatment significantly decreased macrophage chemotaxis, antibody titer and resistance of fish to E. ictaluri challenge. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. CIIMR, P-4150180 Oporto, Portugal. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RI Peres, Helena/A-1439-2009 OI Peres, Helena/0000-0002-2568-8361 NR 56 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 225 IS 1-4 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00289-8 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 695KH UT WOS:000183829300006 ER PT J AU Khimian, A Margaryan, AK Schmidt, WF AF Khimian, A Margaryan, AK Schmidt, WF TI An improved synthesis of ethyl cis-5-iodo-trans-2methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, a potent attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE medfly; ceralure; attractant; synthesis; racemic; asymmetric ID CERALURE; CIS-5-IODO-TRANS-2-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE-1-CARBOXYLATE; TEPHRITIDAE; ISOMERS; DIPTERA; ALPHA AB Both racemic ethyl 5-iodo-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate (1), known as Mediterranean fruit fly attractant ceralure B-1, and its (-)-(1R,2R,5R) enantiomer 1a were conveniently synthesized from commercially available racemic trans-6-methyl-3-cyclohexene-carboxylic acid 2 or its (1R,6R) enantiomer 2a. Key steps included an asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction using a sultam auxiliary and cyclization of the unwanted tratis-5-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (8) to the intermediate lactone 7 (or 8a to 7a). The new method may circumvent chromatographic separations and seems amenable to scale-up. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, CAIBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Khimian, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, CAIBL, Bldg 007,Rm 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM khrimiaa@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 29 BP 5475 EP 5480 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00853-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 701JR UT WOS:000184164900012 ER PT J AU Bricker, BJ Ewalt, DR Halling, SM AF Bricker, BJ Ewalt, DR Halling, SM TI Brucella 'HOOF-Prints': strain typing by multi-locus analysis of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; MULTIPLE-LOCUS; SEQUENCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; MELITENSIS; PATHOGENS; PCR AB Background: Currently, there are very few tools available for subtyping Brucella isolates for epidemiological trace-back. Subtyping is difficult because of the genetic homogeneity within the genus. Sequencing of the genomes from three Brucella species has facilitated the search for DNA sequence variability. Recently, hypervariability among short tandem repeat sequences has been exploited for strain-typing of several bacterial pathogens. Results: An eight-base pair tandem repeat sequence was discovered in nine genomic loci of the B. abortus genome. Eight loci were hypervariable among the three Brucella species. A PCR-based method was developed to identify the number of repeat units (alleles) at each locus, generating strain-specific fingerprints. None of the loci exhibited species- or biovar-specific alleles. Sometimes, a species or biovar contained a specific allele at one or more loci, but the allele also occurred in other species or biovars. The technique successfully differentiated the type strains for all Brucella species and biovars, among unrelated B. abortus biovar 1 field isolates in cattle, and among B. abortus strains isolated from bison and elk. Isolates from the same herd or from short-term in vitro passage exhibited little or no variability in fingerprint pattern. Sometimes, isolates from an animal would have multiple alleles at a locus, possibly from mixed infections in enzootic areas, residual disease from incomplete depopulation of an infected herd or molecular evolution within the strain. Therefore, a mixed population or a pool of colonies from each animal and/or tissue was tested. Conclusion: This paper describes a new method for fingerprinting Brucella isolates based on multi-locus characterization of a variable number, eight-base pair, tandem repeat. We have named this technique "HOOF-Prints" for (h) under bar ypervariable (O) under bar ctameric (O) under bar ligonucleotide (F) under bar inger-Prints. The technique is highly discriminatory among Brucella species, among previously characterized Brucella strains, and among unrelated field isolates that could not be differentiated by classical methods. The method is rapid and the results are reproducible. HOOF-Printing will be most useful as a follow-up test after identification by established methods since we did not find species- specific or biovar-specific alleles. Nonetheless, this technology provides a significant advancement in brucellosis epidemiology, and consequently, will help to eliminate this disease worldwide. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bricker, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov; Darla.R.Ewalt@aphis.usda.gov; shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 3 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-3-15 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 714EM UT WOS:000184899400001 PM 12857351 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Felse, AP Nunez, A Foglia, TA Gross, RA AF Singh, SK Felse, AP Nunez, A Foglia, TA Gross, RA TI Regioselective enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of sophorolipid esters, amides, and multifunctional monomers SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; LIPID-A ANALOG; CANDIDA-BOMBICOLA; TORULOPSIS-BOMBICOLA; IN-VIVO; MALTOSE TETRAPALMITATE; CANCER-PATIENTS; FERMENTATION; ENDOTOXIN; INDUCTION AB Novel enzyme-mediated synthetic routes were developed to provide a new family of sophorolipid derivatives and glycolopid-based amphiphilic monomers. These compounds are of great interest for their potential use in immunoregulation, as well as for other biological properties. In the present work, an efficient lipase-catalyzed conversion of sophorolipid ethyl ester to (a) the 6'-monoacylated derivatives using Novozym 435, (b) 6"-monoacylated derivatives using Lipase PS-C, (c) secondary amide derivatives using Novozym 435, and (d) 6',6"-diacylated amide derivatives using Novozym 435 in an one-pot reaction and (e) the regioselective monoacylation of an amide derivative at the 6'- and 6"-positions using Novozym 435 and Lipase PS-C, respectively, are described. The ethyl ester produced by esterification of the sophorolipid mixture with sodium ethoxide was subjected to acylation catalyzed by Novozym 435 in dry tetrahedrofuran (THF) with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate to produce 6'-monoacylated derivatives. In contrast, Lipase PS-C catalyzed acylations of sophorolipid ethyl ester in dry THF with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate to give the corresponding 6'-monoacylated derivatives. Novozym 435 mediated amidation of sophorolipid ethyl ester in dry THF with phenethylamine, tyramine, p-methoxyphenethylamine, 2-(p-tolyl)ethylamine, and p-fluorophenethylamine generated the corresponding secondary amides but not tertiary amides. The formation of diacyl derivatives of amides was achieved by their treatment with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate in dry THF using Novozym 435 as catalyst. The conversion of sophorolipid ethyl ester to the same diacyl derivatives of amide (i.e., both amidation and acylation) in high yield was also demonstrated in dry THF by a one-pot reaction using Novozym 435. Furthermore, regioselective monoacylation of a sophorolipid amide at 6' and 6" in dry THIP with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate using Novozym 435 and Lipase PS-C was also demonstrated. C1 Polytech Univ, NSF Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Mat Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, NSF Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Mat Sci, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM rgross@poly.edu NR 55 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 14 BP 5466 EP 5477 DI 10.1021/jo0204395 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 699MM UT WOS:000184060600004 PM 12839437 ER PT J AU Ozanne, CMP Anhuf, D Boulter, SL Keller, M Kitching, RL Korner, C Meinzer, FC Mitchell, AW Nakashizuka, T Dias, PLS Stork, NE Wright, SJ Yoshimura, M AF Ozanne, CMP Anhuf, D Boulter, SL Keller, M Kitching, RL Korner, C Meinzer, FC Mitchell, AW Nakashizuka, T Dias, PLS Stork, NE Wright, SJ Yoshimura, M TI Biodiversity meets the atmosphere: A global view of forest canopies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; TREES; PLANTS; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB The forest canopy is the functional interface between 90% of Earth's terrestrial biomass and the atmosphere. Multidisciplinary research in the canopy has expanded concepts of global species richness, physiological processes, and the provision of ecosystem services. Trees respond in a species-specific manner to elevated carbon dioxide levels, while climate change threatens plant-animal interactions in the canopy and will likely alter the production of biogenic aerosols that affect cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry. C1 Univ Surrey Roehampton, Sch Life & Sport Sci, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm, London SW15 3SN, England. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Estudos Avancados, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Griffith Univ, Environm Sci & Rainforest Cooperat Res Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Oxford, Global Canopy Programme, Oxford OX1 3UB, England. Res Inst Human & Nat, Kamigyo Ku, Kyoto 6020878, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Osaka, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Rainforest Cooperat Res Ctr, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Ozanne, CMP (reprint author), Univ Surrey Roehampton, Sch Life & Sport Sci, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm, West Hill, London SW15 3SN, England. RI Kitching, Roger/C-5102-2009; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Korner, Christian/B-6592-2014; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962 NR 71 TC 139 Z9 165 U1 6 U2 87 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5630 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1126/science.1084507 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 699KN UT WOS:000184056200032 PM 12855799 ER PT J AU McCormick, S AF McCormick, S TI Writing: the clear choice SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6945 BP 128 EP 128 DI 10.1038/424128c PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 699AA UT WOS:000184032700017 PM 12853929 ER PT J AU Canon-Franco, WA Bergamaschi, DP Labruna, MB Camargo, LMA Souza, SLP Silva, JCR Pinter, A Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF Canon-Franco, WA Bergamaschi, DP Labruna, MB Camargo, LMA Souza, SLP Silva, JCR Pinter, A Dubey, JP Gennari, SM TI Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs from Amazon, Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; antibodies; indirect fluorescent antibody test; Brazil; Amazon ID CATTLE AB Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. Dogs are important in the epidemiology of this parasite because they are the only hosts known to excrete N. caninum oocysts. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed in serum samples from 157 dogs from Monte Negro, Rondonia, Amazon, Brazil using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 13 (8.3%) of dogs in titers of 1:50 in 1, H 00 in 2, 1:200 in 5, 1:800 in 1, 1: 1600 in 2, and 1:3200 in 2 dogs. These data indicate that N. caninum infection is prevalent even in remote areas of the Amazon. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zoot, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Epidemiol, Fac Saude Publ, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Resources Ctr, Anim Parasitol Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zoot, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Ave Prof Orlando Marques Paiva,87, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM sgennari@usp.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Labruna, Marcelo/B-6241-2013; OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Labruna, Marcelo/0000-0002-9675-3132; canon-franco, william alberto/0000-0001-5360-1617 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00131-6 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 705JF UT WOS:000184391400009 PM 12860070 ER PT J AU Worrall, F Swank, WT Burt, TP AF Worrall, F Swank, WT Burt, TP TI Changes in stream nitrate concentrations due to land management practices, ecological succession, and climate: Developing a systems approach to integrated catchment response SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitrate; streamwater; forest hydrology; climate change; ecological change ID NITROGEN SATURATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CRITICAL LOADS; WATER-QUALITY; TIME-SERIES; WHOLE-TREE; WALES; CHEMISTRY; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB [1] This study uses time series analysis to examine long-term stream water nitrate concentration records from a pair of forested catchments at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, USA. Monthly average concentrations were available from 1970 through 1997 for two forested catchments, one of which was clear-felled in 1977 and the other maintained as a control. The time series were decomposed into their trend and annual cycle before modeling as an autoregressive (AR) process. AR models were calculated for both an expanding and a shifting window so that prefelling could be directly compared with the effects of tree clearance. In comparison with flow records for both of the catchments, transfer function-noise models were calculated on a moving window basis, and the impulse functions were derived. Analysis shows that both catchments show an annual memory effect but that the clear-felled catchment shows, in addition, a 6-month memory effect. The annual effect in the control catchment responds to drought conditions while in the felled catchment, it reflects the change in vegetation. The 6-month effect in the felled catchment responds to drought conditions independent of both the annual effect and of logging operations. The control catchment shows no significant impulse function with respect to flow, while for the felled catchment a distinct impulsivity develops over time subsequent to logging and coincident with the onset of nitrogen saturation. By examining the nature of the nitrate export, rather than solely the levels of export, a systems approach can be taken to understanding catchment behavior. Such an approach shows that the catchment is in metastable equilibrium with respect to its hydrological pathways and nitrogen reserves but in dynamic equilibrium with respect to long-term temperature change. The onset of nitrogen saturation may represent irreversible changes in the catchment behavior, and impulsivity, with respect to streamflow, represents a new indicator of N-saturated conditions. C1 Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Worrall, F (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geol Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 7 AR 1177 DI 10.1029/2000WR000130 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 705ZF UT WOS:000184426600001 ER PT J AU Lamarque, JF Edwards, DP Emmons, LK Gille, JC Wilhelmi, O Gerbig, C Prevedel, D Deeter, MN Warner, J Ziskin, DC Khattatov, B Francis, GL Yudin, V Ho, S Mao, D Chen, J Drummond, JR AF Lamarque, JF Edwards, DP Emmons, LK Gille, JC Wilhelmi, O Gerbig, C Prevedel, D Deeter, MN Warner, J Ziskin, DC Khattatov, B Francis, GL Yudin, V Ho, S Mao, D Chen, J Drummond, JR TI Identification of CO plumes from MOPITT data: Application to the August 2000 Idaho-Montana forest fires SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT; POLLUTION; MODEL; CH4 AB [1] This study focuses on the identification of carbon monoxide ( CO) released during the forest fires that took place primarily in Montana and Idaho during the summer of 2000. We focus our analysis on the most intense period of the fires during the second half of August. During that period, the MOPITT instrument onboard the EOS-Terra platform collected extensive measurements of CO. A simulation of the dispersal of the CO from the fires, constrained by the AVHRR observations of fire location and extent, clearly identifies the affected regions. The model results are compared with the CO observations from the COBRA experiment flight on August 19. Using these various data, we are able to identify the transport of the CO plume originating from the fires. In particular, it is shown that the CO travels eastward from the fires, reaching as far as the East coast and the Gulf of Mexico in a few days. Although the distribution of CO over the U. S. is clearly a combination of a variety of sources it is found that wildfires are a strong component of the summer tropospheric CO. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Environm & Soc Impacts Grp, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Lamarque, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 13 AR 1688 DI 10.1029/2003GL017503 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 698MD UT WOS:000184002600005 ER PT J AU Wang, HQ Hall, CAS Scatena, FN Fetcher, N Wu, W AF Wang, HQ Hall, CAS Scatena, FN Fetcher, N Wu, W TI Modeling the spatial and temporal variability in climate and primary productivity across the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE modeling; climate; primary productivity; spatial variability; Luquillo Mountains ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; WET TROPICAL MOUNTAINS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; GENERAL-MODEL; SOIL; RESPONSES; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RESPIRATION AB There are few studies that have examined the spatial variability of forest productivity over an entire tropical forested landscape. In this study, we used a spatially-explicit forest productivity model, TOPOPROD, which is based on the FOREST-BGC model, to simulate spatial patterns of gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), and respiration over the entire Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) in the mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico. We modeled climate variables (e.g. solar insolation, temperature, rainfall and transpiration) using a topography-based climate model, TOPOCLIM. The simulated GPP ranged from 8 to 92 t C/ha per year with a mean of 51 t C/ha per year. The simulated NPP ranged from 0.5 to 24 t C/ha per year with a mean of 9.4 t C/ha per year. The simulated plant respiration ranged from 31 to 68 with a mean of 42 t C/ha per year. Simulated GPP and respiration declined with increased elevation whereas simulated NPP increased from low to middle elevation but decreased from middle to high elevations. Statistical analyses indicate that variation in solar insolation, which decreases with increase in elevation, is the most important factor controlling the spatial variation of forest productivity in the LEF. Validation with the limited spatial empirical data indicated that our simulations overestimated GPP by 2% for a middle elevation test site, and by 43% for a mountain peak site. Our simulations also overestimated NPP in the middle elevation Colorado forest and higher elevation Dwarf forest by 32 and 36%, respectively, but underestimated NPP in the Tabonuco and Palm forests at low to middle elevations by 9-15% and 18%, respectively. Simulated GPP and NPP would decrease under CO2 doubling as projected temperatures increase and precipitation decreases. Different forest types respond differently to potential climate change and CO2 doubling. Comparison with other tropical forests suggests that the LEF as a whole has higher GPP (51 t C/ha per year versus 40 t C/ha per year) but lower NPP (9.4 t C/ha per year versus 11 t C/ha per year) than other tropical rain forests. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Scranton, Dept Biol, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. RP Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hongqing@umbc.edu RI Wang, Hongqing /D-2575-2014; OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732 NR 69 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 94 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00489-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00489-9 PG 26 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 695ND UT WOS:000183836300006 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Larsen, DR Shifley, SR Thompson, FR AF Fan, ZF Larsen, DR Shifley, SR Thompson, FR TI Estimating cavity tree abundance by stand age and basal area, Missouri, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE classification and regression tree; Weibull probability density function; forest inventory and analysis (FIA); cavity tree; stand age; basal area ID HOLE-NESTING BIRDS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; OLD-GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; SNAGS AB We analyzed cavity tree distribution among Missouri Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots using the nonparametric classification and regression tree (CART) model and Weibull probability density function (pdf). Fifty-nine per cent (2370) of the 4052 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots (aged 1-160 years) had at least one cavity tree. The overall odds ratio of a plot with cavity trees (odds of a plot having cavity trees/odds of a plot with no cavity trees) across the five survey units of the entire state was 1.4. Three and four disjoint clusters (nodes) which differ significantly in cavity tree distribution were identified by CART using the two most discriminating stand level indicator variables: age and basal area, respectively. Cavity tree density distribution within each cluster was further described by the Weibull pdf. Cavity tree density per hectares varied considerably among stands (plots) of the same age or density, and the number of cavities for a given size or age class was distributed in an asymmetric form (primarily reverse-J shape). CART partitioning and Weibull fitting, in combination, provide an intuitive way to depict cavity tree distribution (variation) by important stand indicator variables such as age and basal area. This information can help forest managers and planners formulate management guidelines and results can be linked with forest landscape planning efforts, regional inventories, wildlife habitat modeling, and landscape simulation to evaluate or predict the consequences of different management alternatives. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, FS, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fan, ZF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 231 EP 242 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00522-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00522-4 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 695ND UT WOS:000183836300018 ER PT J AU Carvalho, JP Parresol, BR AF Carvalho, JP Parresol, BR TI Additivity in tree biomass components of Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus pyrenaica Willd.; biomass; additivity; seemingly unrelated regressions ID FORCING ADDITIVITY; REGRESSION; EQUATIONS; TABLES; MODEL; PINE AB In tree biomass estimations, it is important to consider the property of additivity,.i.e., the total tree biomass should equal the sum of the components. This work presents functions that allow estimation of the stem and crown dry weight components of Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) trees. A procedure that considers additivity of tree biomass components is presented, and applied to a particular case. The application of a simultaneous equations system estimation procedure that used parameter restrictions and considered residual contemporaneous correlations allowed more efficient estimates and consistent prediction intervals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UTAD, ICETA, Dept Florestal, Vila Real, Portugal. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. RP Carvalho, JP (reprint author), UTAD, ICETA, Dept Florestal, Vila Real, Portugal. EM jpfc@utad.pt; bparresol@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 276 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00549-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00549-2 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 695ND UT WOS:000183836300021 ER PT J AU Manners, GD Jacob, RA Breksa, AP Schoch, TK Hasegawa, S AF Manners, GD Jacob, RA Breksa, AP Schoch, TK Hasegawa, S TI Bioavailability of citrus limonoids in humans SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; humans; limonoids; citrus ID INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; URINARY-EXCRETION; METABOLISM; RATS; INHIBITION; CARCINOGENESIS; GLUCOSIDES; LIMONIN; JUICE; MICE AB This study utilizes liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the plasma of four groups of four healthy male and female subjects administered high doses of pure limonin glucoside (0.25-2.0 g in 200 mL of buffered water) for the presence of limonin to establish the absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of citrus limonoids to humans. The plasma analysis revealed increasing amounts of limonin associated with increasing doses of limonin glucoside among the subject groups in mean maximum concentration amounts ranging from 1.74 to 5.27 nmol/L. A high degree of variability in the analyzed limonin concentration was observed within the subject groups. The mean time to maximum concentration was 6 h. A second compound with MS/MS characteristics identical to limonin was detected in amounts up to 5.13 nmol/L and is hypothesized to be a limonin epimer. Poststudy health evaluation established no ill effects among study subjects consuming high doses of limonin glucoside. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Pomol, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Manners, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 14 BP 4156 EP 4161 DI 10.1021/jf0300691 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 695HC UT WOS:000183824200040 PM 12822961 ER PT J AU Li, JR Lin, JC Wang, H Peterson, JW Furie, BC Furie, B Booth, SL Volpe, JJ Rosenberg, PA AF Li, JR Lin, JC Wang, H Peterson, JW Furie, BC Furie, B Booth, SL Volpe, JJ Rosenberg, PA TI Novel role of vitamin K in preventing oxidative injury to developing oligodendrocytes and neurons SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glutathione depletion; oxidative stress; cell death; vitamin K; neuron; oligodendrocyte; white matter; cystine deprivation; menaquinone-4; cerebral palsy ID MICROSOMAL LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE; CORTICAL-NEURONS; CELL-LINE; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) SYNTHETASE; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; DIHYDRORHODAMINE 123; GLUTAMATE TOXICITY; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA AB Oxidative stress is believed to be the cause of cell death in multiple disorders of the brain, including perinatal hypoxia/ischemia. Glutamate, cystine deprivation, homocysteic acid, and the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine all cause oxidative injury to immature neurons and oligodendrocytes by depleting intracellular glutathione. Although vitamin K is not a classical antioxidant, we report here the novel finding that vitamin K-1 and K-2 (menaquinone-4) potently inhibit glutathione depletion-mediated oxidative cell death in primary cultures of oligodendrocyte precursors and immature fetal cortical neurons with EC50 values of 30 nM and 2 nM, respectively. The mechanism by which vitamin K blocks oxidative injury is independent of its only known biological function as a cofactor for gamma-glutamylcarboxylase, an enzyme responsible for posttranslational modification of specific proteins. Neither oligodendrocytes nor neurons possess significant vitamin K-dependent carboxylase or epoxidase activity. Furthermore, the vitamin K antagonists warfarin and dicoumarol and the direct carboxylase inhibitor 2-chloro-vitamin K-1 have no effect on the protective function of vitamin K against oxidative injury. Vitamin K does not prevent the depletion of intracellular glutathione caused by cystine deprivation but completely blocks free radical accumulation and cell death. The protective and potent efficacy of this naturally occurring vitamin, with no established clinical side effects, suggests a potential therapeutic application in preventing oxidative damage to undifferentiated oligodendrocytes in perinatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Neurosci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hemostasis & Thrombosis Res, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, PA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Neurosci, Enders 3,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Li, Jianrong/C-4126-2011; OI Li, Jianrong/0000-0002-8232-9322; Rosenberg, Paul/0000-0002-5185-1118 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL42443]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD18655]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS38475] NR 66 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 23 IS 13 BP 5816 EP 5826 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 697CF UT WOS:000183924100049 PM 12843286 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Stevens, ED AF Dowd, MK Stevens, ED TI The gossypol-cyclododecanone (1/2) inclusion complex SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Gossypol and cyclododecanone crystallize at room temperature as an inclusion complex in a 1:2 molar ratio. This complex, viz. 1,1',6,6',7,7'-hexahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-3,3'-dimethyl-2,2'-binaphthalene-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde-cyclododecanone (1/2), C30H30O8.2C(12)H(22)O, is unusual in that there is limited intermolecular hydrogen bonding within the structure. Each cyclododecanone molecule accepts a hydrogen bond from a gossypol molecule, but there are no gossypol-to-gossypol hydrogen-bond interactions. The gossypol molecules form a framework structure enclosing channels, and the cyclododecanone molecules lie in these channels. In terms of the number of non-H guest atoms, this is the largest gossypol inclusion complex reported to date. C1 ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 BP O397 EP O399 DI 10.1107/S0108270103011089 PN 7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 698UR UT WOS:000184017900032 PM 12855869 ER PT J AU Roberts, T AF Roberts, T TI Food safety and international competitiveness - the case of beef SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Roberts, T (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 111 EP 112 AR PII S0169-5150(02)00037-3 DI 10.1016/S0169-5150(02)00037-3 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 704RE UT WOS:000184353000009 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Van Keuren, RW Edwards, WM AF Owens, LB Van Keuren, RW Edwards, WM TI Non-nitrogen nutrient inputs and outputs for fertilized pastures in silt loam soils in four small Ohio watersheds SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient leaching; phosphorus; potassium; calcium; pasture systems; groundwater; surface runoff; Ohio ID GRAZED PASTURE; NITRATE LEVELS; GRAZING LAND; LOSSES; GRASSLAND; RUNOFF; QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS; LYSIMETER; PROGRAM AB Evaluations of non-nitrogen nutrient budgets in pasture systems are limited, and there needs to be greater knowledge of these budgets. Although most nutrient budget studies from grasslands have focused solely or primarily on N, maintenance of a proper nutrient balance is important to healthy plant growth and reduction of potential water quality problems. Budgets of non-nitrogen nutrients were studied in a rotational pasture system during two treatment periods, which received different levels of nitrogen (N) fertility. Rotationally grazed grass pastures in Ohio (USA) received 56 kg N ha(-1) as NH4NO3 for a 5-year period and then 168 kg N ha(-1) for a 10-year period. A topsoil pH of 6.0 and available P and K levels of 28 and 168 kg/ha, respectively, were maintained. Cattle grazed four paddocks during the summer and were fed hay in one of the paddocks during the winter. Inputs of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl) from precipitation, fertilizer; and hay were determined. Losses of these nutrients plus total organic carbon (TOC) were measured in surface runoff and in water from springs draining each area. The majority of the nutrients from the summer only grazed (SG) paddocks were transported in subsurface flow. Hay was the major source of P and K in the winter feeding/summer grazing (WF/SG) paddock, and surface runoff was the major transport pathway for them and TOC. Most of the transport of Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl from the WF/SG area occurred via subsurface flow. Concentrations of P in subsurface flow were low; Na concentrations changed little during the 15-year study; Mg, Ca, and Cl concentrations increased slowly from the SG area but much more rapidly from the WF/SG area. When large amounts of nutrients are brought into an area with hay, there can be a soil buildup of P and K. This increases the possibility for adverse water quality impacts. Nevertheless, the evaluation of non-nitrogen nutrients in pasture systems showed that when they are balanced and meet the plant requirements for the N fertility level, the possibility of detrimental environmental impact is low. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00122-1 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698YU UT WOS:000184028800009 ER PT J AU Mersie, W Seybold, CA McNamee, C Lawson, MA AF Mersie, W Seybold, CA McNamee, C Lawson, MA TI Abating endosulfan from runoff using vegetative filter strips: the importance of plant species and flow rate SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE endosulfan; insecticide; runoff; vegetative filter strips ID WATER-QUALITY; SWITCHGRASS; NUTRIENT; SEDIMENT; IMPACT; METOLACHLOR; ATRAZINE; REMOVAL AB Vegetative filter strips (VFS) can reduce the load of agricultural chemicals from runoff. Despite their heavy promotion, quantitative data is lacking on the performance of different grass species in filter strips and their effectiveness under different flow rates. The purpose of this study was to compare and determine the effectiveness of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) filter strips in removing dissolved endosulfan from runoff flowing at different rates. Aluminum tilted beds filled with Bojac soil, set at 3% slope and planted to switchgrass or tall fescue or bare soil were used. Runoff was simulated by applying runon containing endosulfan (mixture of alpha and beta isomers) at the up-slope section of the beds at 2.7 or 6 1 min(-1) over 0.9 m wide soil surface. Results indicate no preferential removal of one endosulfan isomer over the other. Total endosulfan removed ranged from 98 to 100% (percent of applied) for the 2.7 1 min(-1) runon application rate, and 39-54% for the 6.01 min(-1) rumon application rate. All the applied runon infiltrated tall fescue planted beds at the slower flow rate whereas at the faster flow rate, only 29% penetrated the fescue bed. Endosulfan was filtered out of the surface runoff and leachate collected. From overland flow, concentrations of endosulfan were reduced by about 60-80% at the 2.7 1 min(-1) application rate and by 27-39% at the 6.01 min(-1) runon application rate. Adsorption to soil is the primary mechanism for removal of endosulfan from overland flow and from leachate. The effectiveness of the grasses were more important when the runon moves fast. At both flow rates, more endosulfan adsorbed to the soil in the first 0-67 cm section of the beds than from the down slope (67-133 or 133-200 cm) sections and adsorbed to the soil in the top 0-10 cm depth. Results indicate that most of the insecticide was removed in the first one-third of the filter strip. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Virginia Dept Agr & Consumers Serv, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. RP Mersie, W (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Agr Res Stn, POB 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00035-5 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698YU UT WOS:000184028800016 ER PT J AU Fortuna, A Harwood, RR Robertson, GP Fisk, JW Paul, EA AF Fortuna, A Harwood, RR Robertson, GP Fisk, JW Paul, EA TI Seasonal changes in nitrification potential associated with application of N fertilizer and compost in maize systems of southwest Michigan SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrification potential; plant biomass to plant N content (PB : N); N mineralization; compost; cover crops; crop rotations; Michigan ID SOIL QUALITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; FARMING SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; TRANSFORMATIONS; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Nitrification potential is the maximum capacity of a soil's population of nitrifying bacteria to transform NH4+-N to NO3--N. Time of season and the effect of several management practices on nitrification potentials were measured via an amended slurry method, shaken for 24 h at 25 degreesC. Management strategies that reduce potential nitrification rates without limiting plant N uptake may increase the ratio of plant biomass to plant N content (PB:N), the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) per unit of N in ANPP, and decrease the amount of NO3- available for leaching, and/or conversion to N2O. Sites were located in Hickory Corners, MI, USA, on Haplic Luvisols. Management practices included: substitution of compost for N fertilizer, use of a rotation in place of continuous maize and the addition of cover crops. A previously tilled, successional grassland was used as a contrast to agricultural managements. Where N fertilizer was applied, nitrification potential increased in late May and again in late August-October. The seasonal pattern was similar but less pronounced where compost was applied. Nitrification rates were 4.2 times greater than that of the successional site when N fertilizer was applied. Use of N fertilizer increased nitrification potentials 1.5 times above treatments where compost was applied during 1998 and 1999 in the 6th and 7th years of the rotation. In some instances, nitrification potentials could be correlated with in situ NO3--N measurements. Average PB:Ns in the fertilizer management were greater or equivalent to the successional grassland site. Compost increased PB:N above that of N fertilizer. Utilization of compost decreased nitrification potentials, maintained yields, and increased PB:N. The crop N content was lower when compost was applied. Thus, grain and stover quality may be lowered and need to be monitored. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fortuna, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012; Robertson, G/H-3885-2011 OI Robertson, G/0000-0001-9771-9895 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00232-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698YU UT WOS:000184028800022 ER PT J AU Angima, SD Stott, DE O'Neill, MK Ong, CK Weesies, GA AF Angima, SD Stott, DE O'Neill, MK Ong, CK Weesies, GA TI Soil erosion prediction using RUSLE for central Kenyan highland conditions SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE erosion modeling; erosion prediction; RUSLE; soil conservation; soil loss; Kenya ID LOSS EQUATION; RAINFALL EROSIVITY; HEDGES AB Soil erosion by water is serious global problem. In Africa, about 5 Mg ha(-1) of productive topsoil is lost to lakes and oceans each year. This study was conducted at the Kianjuki catchment in central Kenya to predict annual soil loss using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE Version 1.06) to determine the erosion hazard in the area and target locations for appropriate initiation of conservation measures. All factors used in RUSLE were calculated for the catchment using local data. The rainfall erosivity R-factor was 8527 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) per year and the annual average soil erodibility K-factor was 0.016 Mg h MJ(-1) mm(-1). Slopes in the catchment varied between 0 and 53% with steeper slopes having overall LS-values of over 17. The C-factor values were computed from existing cropping patterns in the catchment, including corn-bean (Zea mays-Phaseolus vulgaris) I-year rotation, coffee (Coffea arabica), and banana (Musa sapientum). Support practice P-factors were from terraces that exist on slopes where coffee is grown. Total annual soil loss predictions varied from one overland flow segment to the next and ranged from 134 Mg ha(-1) per year for slopes with average LS-factors of 0-10 to 549 Mg ha(-1) per year for slopes with average LS-factors of 20-30, which is more than the estimated soil loss tolerance (7) for the area of 2.2-10 Mg ha(-1) per year. Using 3 years of field data, the RUSLE model was able to pinpoint site-specific erosion hazards associated with each overland flow segment in the catchment for different cropping patterns and management practices. This work highlights the severity of erosion in tropical highlands of east Africa and gives suggestions on possible intervention strategies; however, there is still a need for developing more long-term data to validate the model to suit local agro-ecological conditions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi 00100, GPO, Kenya. USDA, Natl Resource Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 35 TC 115 Z9 127 U1 7 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00011-2 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698YU UT WOS:000184028800023 ER PT J AU Camara, KM Payne, WA Rasmussen, PE AF Camara, KM Payne, WA Rasmussen, PE TI Long-term effects of tillage, nitrogen, and rainfall on winter wheat yields in the Pacific Northwest SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WEED MANAGEMENT; FALLOW ROTATION; SOIL; SYSTEMS; CARBON; PRECIPITATION; FERTILIZATION; ACCUMULATION AB Sustainable cropping systems are essential for agronomic, economic, and environmental reasons. Data from a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/summer fallow rotation experiment, in eastern Oregon, was used to evaluate long-term effects of tillage, N, soil depth, and precipitation on yield. The soil is a Walla Walla silt loam (coarsesilty, mixed, mesic Typic Haploxeroll). The experiment consisted of three tillage treatments (moldboard plow, offset disk, and subsurface sweep) and six N treatments. Four main time periods (1944-1951, 1952-1961, 1962-1987, 1988-1997), were identified, within which experimental treatments were consistently maintained. Depth to bedrock ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 m. Yield was significantly greater (>300 kg ha(-1)) for the moldboard plow than for the subsurface sweep in all time periods. Yield was generally greater (>100 kg ha(-1)) for the moldboard plow than for the offset disk, but only significantly in Time Periods 3 and 4. For Periods 1 and 2, the addition of N fertilizer tended to produce higher yields, regardless of quantity or distribution of rainfall. For Period 3, yield did not increase with the addition of more than 45 kg N ha(-1), which we attribute to below-normal precipitation. For Period 4, when precipitation was above average, yield increased with the addition of up to 90 kg N ha(-1). Results demonstrated that despite beneficial effects on soil properties, conservation tillage has tended to be less productive for this cropping system than moldboard plowing, probably due to lack of downy brome weed control in the conservation tillage systems. C1 USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Capitola, CA 95010 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Adams, OR 97810 USA. RP Camara, KM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, 820 Bay Ave,Suite 107, Capitola, CA 95010 USA. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 47 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 828 EP 835 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 707GP UT WOS:000184502900002 ER PT J AU Mamo, M Malzer, GL Mulla, DJ Huggins, DR Strock, J AF Mamo, M Malzer, GL Mulla, DJ Huggins, DR Strock, J TI Spatial and temporal variation in economically optimum nitrogen rate for corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE POSITIONS; WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY AB The economically optimum N rate (EONR) required for corn (Zea mays L.) may vary spatially due to variation in soil characteristics and temporally due to the interactions of environmental factors. The objectives of this research were to quantify the impact of field variability on the yield response of corn to N fertilization and to evaluate the temporal stability of these response functions. A production field near Revere, MN, was cropped with corn in 1995, 1997, and 1999 in rotation with soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. Four replications of seven treatments were established in a split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block design. Main plots consisted of three N rates (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg ha(-1)) while the split plots were two rates (0 and 0.56 kg ha(-1)) of nitrapyrin [2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl)pyridine]. Each replication was divided into subblocks to estimate spatial patterns in yield N response and EONR. Spatial analysis indicated that only half of the field responded to N. Uniform application recommendation of 145 kg N ha(-1) for the whole field overfertilized these areas while other areas were underfertilized. Variable-rate N applications according to the EONR would have resulted in 69 and 75 kg ha(-1) less N being applied than the uniform N rate in 1997 and 1999, respectively. Potential economic benefits were $8 and $23 ha(-1) higher than the uniform N rate in 1997 and 1999, respectively. Approximately 60% of the field responded in a similar manner in both 1997 and 1999, suggesting that temporal variations must also be considered with site-specific N management. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA USA. RP Mamo, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 19 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 958 EP 964 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 707GP UT WOS:000184502900017 ER PT J AU Giasson, E Bryant, RB Bills, NL AF Giasson, E Bryant, RB Bills, NL TI Optimization of phosphorus index and costs of manure management on a New York dairy farm SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Manure allocation on large-scale confinement animal feeding operations is a complex management decision. This study assesses the cost effectiveness and the risk of P loss associated with various combinations of manure management options for a typical midsized dairy farm in New York State. The farm has 587 adult dairy cows (Bos taurus) and 430 young animals (1202 animal units). Fifty-three fields (26 cornfields and 27 pastures) ranging in size from 1 to 15 ha are available to receive livestock manure. Morgan's Soil Test P values range from 1.1 to 87.3 kg ha(-1) (mean of 20.1 kg ha(-1)). Options included optimal allocation of manure in time and space, surface application, incorporation, and manure storage facilities of three-, six-, and eight-month storage capacities. The decision process considered nutrient management costs (manure handling and fertilization) and the New York State P Site Index (P Index) as an indicator of one of the environmental impacts of manure management. Mathematical programming techniques and utility functions are used to select the best combination of manure management practices. The results show a convergence indicating that the best management decision would be to follow a manure allocation scheme optimized in time and space, to have three months of manure storage capacity, and to surface-apply manure. Compared with current practices, the recommended combination of practices results in an approximate 45% reduction in the mean area-weighted P Index (64.2 vs. 36.1) for a cost increase of less than 2% ($146 573 vs. $148 821). C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Agr Resour & Managerial Econ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Manage Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bryant, RB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI GIASSON, ELVIO/J-3623-2012 OI GIASSON, ELVIO/0000-0003-3659-6873 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 987 EP 993 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 707GP UT WOS:000184502900021 ER PT J AU Aiken, RM Nielsen, DC Ahuja, LR AF Aiken, RM Nielsen, DC Ahuja, LR TI Scaling effects of standing crop residues on the wind profile SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; VEGETATION; CANOPIES; EROSION; CORN; EVAPORATION; ROUGHNESS; SURFACES; HEIGHT; MODEL AB Standing senescent stems increase the aerodynamic roughness of the surface, reducing wind energy available for momentum transfer at the soil surface, such as for wind erosion, and also the soil-atmosphere convective exchanges of heat, water vapor, and trace gases. We conducted studies to determine the predictive accuracy of an algorithm derived for plant canopies to scale effects of standing crop residues on the wind profile. We used this algorithm to calculate aerodynamic properties (displacement height and roughness length) of standing crop residues related to the log wind profile equation. We also calculated apparent roughness length from wind profiles measured under neutral stability conditions over stems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuas L.) using calibrated single-needle and cup anemometers. A least-squares fit of roughness length calculated by an algorithm derived for crop canopies indicated a systematic, positive bias when it was applied to standing stems. After adjusting for bias, calculated windspeeds generally were contained in 80% confidence intervals for observations above and within the crop stubble. Predictive root mean square errors (RMSE) within profiles ranged from 0.6 to 4.6% of reference wind speed. The nonlinear forms of the scaling algorithms are consistent with theory and wind tunnel observations, representing an advance over parameterization schemes assuming a linear relation with residue height. This advance warrants evaluation of the adjusted algorithm for simulation of microclimate in the soil-residue-crop canopy regime. Application to momentum transfer problems requires further investigation of drag partitioning. C1 Kansas State Univ, NW Res Ext Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Aiken, RM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, NW Res Ext Ctr, 105 Expt Farm Rd, Colby, KS 67701 USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1046 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 707GP UT WOS:000184502900028 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Pan, DY Boote, KJ Pickering, NB Jones, JW AF Allen, LH Pan, DY Boote, KJ Pickering, NB Jones, JW TI Carbon dioxide and temperature effects on evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; TRANSPIRATION RESPONSES; FOLIAGE TEMPERATURE; CROP YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENRICHMENT; STRESS; GROWTH; SENSITIVITY AB Rising CO2 and potential global warming will cause changes in evapotranspiration (ET). Our research objective was to determine the impact of CO2 and air temperature on canopy ET, water use efficiency (WUE), foliage temperature, and canopy resistance (Re) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Plants were grown in sunlit, controlled-environment chambers at cyclic maximum/minimum air temperatures from 28/18degreesC to 44/34degreesC and CO2 of 350 or 700 mumol mol(-1). Maximum ET rate in the early afternoon at 35 d after planting ranged from 7.5 mol m(-2) s(-1) at 28/18degreesC to 19.0 Mol m(-2) s(-1) at 44/34degreesC. Daily ET during the middle of the season ranged from 260 mol H2O m(-2) d(-1)(4.7 mm d(-1)) at 28/18degreesC to 660 mol H2O m(-2) d(-1)(11.9 mm d(-1)) at 44/34degreesC. Mean daily ET was linearly related to mean air temperature (T-air) as: [Mean daily ET = 21.4 X T-air - 306, r(2) = 0.99 (mol H2O m(-2) d(-1)), or mean daily ET = 0.385 X T-air - 5.5 (mm d(-1))]. Doubled CO2 caused a 9% decrease in ET at 28/18degreesC, but CO2 had little effect at 40/30degreesC or 44/34degreesC. Whole-day WUE declined linearly with air temperature, with a slope of -0.150 [(mumol CO2 mmol(-1) H2O) degreesC(-1)]. Changes in ET and WUE were governed by changes in foliage temperature and Re. In conclusion, increases in temperature anticipated by climate change could more than offset decreases of ET that would be caused by increases in CO2. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1081 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 707GP UT WOS:000184502900032 ER PT J AU Hintz, KK Relling, DP Saari, JT Borgerding, AJ Duan, JH Ren, BH Kato, K Epstein, PN Ren, J AF Hintz, KK Relling, DP Saari, JT Borgerding, AJ Duan, JH Ren, BH Kato, K Epstein, PN Ren, J TI Cardiac overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase exacerbates cardiac contractile dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and protein damaged after chronic ethanol ingestion SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acetaldehyde; ventricular myocytes; lipid peroxidation; protein carbonyl; shortening; intracellular Ca2+ transient ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; INTRACELLULAR CA2+; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; ACETALDEHYDE; RAT; DEPRESSION; MYOCYTES; EXPOSURE; HEART; CARDIOMYOPATHY AB Background: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is manifested as ventricular dysfunction, although its specific toxic mechanism remains obscure. This study was designed to examine the impact of enhanced acetaldehyde exposure on cardiac function via cardiac-specific overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) after alcohol intake. Methods: ADH transgenic and wild-type FVB mice were placed on a 4% alcohol or control diet for 8 weeks. Mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties were evaluated in cardiac myocytes. Levels of acetaldehyde, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl formation were determined. Results: FVB land ADH mice consuming ethanol exhibited elevated blood ethanol/acetaldehyde, cardiac acetaldehyde, and cardiac hypertrophy compared with non-ethanol-consuming mice. However, the levels of cardiac acetaldehyde and hypertrophy were significantly greater in ADH ethanol-fed mice than FVB ethanol-fed mice. ADH transgene itself did not affect mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties with the exception of reduced resting intracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+ re-sequestration at low pace frequency. Myocytes from ethanol-fed mice showed significantly depressed peak shortening, velocity of shortening/relengthening, rise of intracellular Ca2+ transients, and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ load associated with similar duration of shortening/relengthening compared with myocytes,from control mice. Strikingly, the ethanol-induced mechanical, and intracellular Ca2+ defects were exacerbated in ADH myocytes compared with the FVB group except velocity of shortening/relengthening. The lipid peroxidation end products malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl formation were significantly elevated in both livers and hearts after chronic ethanol consumption, with the cardiac lipid and protein damage being exaggerated by ADH transgene. Conclusion: These data suggest that increased cardiac acetaldehyde exposure due to ADH transgene may play an important role in cardiac contractile dysfunctions associated with lipid and protein damage after alcohol intake. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ St Thomas, Dept Chem, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Coll Hlth Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUL PY 2003 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1090 EP 1098 DI 10.1097/01.ALC.0000075823.73536.DD PG 9 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 704RV UT WOS:000184354500008 PM 12878915 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Peterson, JK Jackson, DM Snook, ME AF Harrison, HF Peterson, JK Jackson, DM Snook, ME TI Periderm resin glycoside contents of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. clones and their biological activity SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; disease resistance; glycosides; insect resistance; Ipomea batatas; sweet potato ID COMPONENTS; JALAPINS; GROWTH; ROOTS; SEED AB The total resin glycoside content in the periderm of 37 sweetpotato cultivars and breeding clones was measured by HPLC and varied greatly among the clones, the highest content was 10.02 % of the periderm dry weight and the lowest was 0.05 %. Insect damage ratings of the clones and their periderm resin glycoside content were negatively correlated and all clones with high resin glycoside content exhibited moderate or low injury from insects. Resin glycosides extracted. from 'Regal' periderm and incorporated into potato dextrose agar medium Were inhibitory to the :growth of four fungal species of sweetpotato roots; however, these fungi exhibited variable response. These observations provide evidence that sweetpotato. resin glycosides contribute to the insect and disease resistance in the roots of some sweetpotato-clones. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 706QK UT WOS:000184464700004 ER PT J AU DeFalco, LA Bryla, DR Smith-Longozo, V Nowak, RS AF DeFalco, LA Bryla, DR Smith-Longozo, V Nowak, RS TI Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp rubens (Poaceae) and two native species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bromus madritensis subsp rubens; desert ephemerals; introduced annual grasses; Mojave Desert; nitrogen uptake; plant biomass; Poaceae; root system; seed production; Vulpia octoflora; water uptake ID QUERCUS-DOUGLASII SEEDLINGS; ANNUAL PLANTS; SOIL-WATER; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SONORAN DESERT; WINTER ANNUALS; COMPETITION; NITROGEN; CALIFORNIA; FIRE AB Abundance of invasive plants is often attributed to their ability of outcompete native species. We compared resource acquisition and allocation of the invasive annual grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens with that of two native Mojave Desert annuals, Vulpia octoflora and Descurainia pinnata, in a glasshouse experiment. Each species was grown in monoculture at two densities and two levels of N availability to compare how these annuals capture resources and to understand their relative sensitivities to environmental change. During >4 mo of growth, Bromus used water more rapidly and had greater biomass and N content than the natives, partly because of its greater root-surface area and its exploitation of deep soils. Bromus also had greater N uptake, net assimilation and transpiration rates. and canopy area than Vulpia. Resource use by Bromus was less sensitive to changes in N availability or density than were the natives. The two native species in this study produced numerous small seeds that tended to remain dormant, thus ensuring escape of offspring from unfavorable germination conditions; Bromus produced fewer but larger seeds that readily germinated. Collectively. these traits give Bromus the potential to rapidly establish in diverse habitats of the Mojave Desert, thereby gaining an advantage over coexisting native species. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP DeFalco, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. NR 60 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 34 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 90 IS 7 BP 1045 EP 1053 DI 10.3732/ajb.90.7.1045 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703YN UT WOS:000184310900011 PM 21659204 ER PT J AU Das, SK Roberts, SB McCrory, MA Hsu, LKG Shikora, SA Kehayias, JJ Dallal, GE Saltzman, E AF Das, SK Roberts, SB McCrory, MA Hsu, LKG Shikora, SA Kehayias, JJ Dallal, GE Saltzman, E TI Long-term changes in energy expenditure and body composition after massive weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE obesity; weight loss; energy expenditure; fat mass; fat-free mass; body water; gastric bypass surgery; energy requirements ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE; VERTICAL BANDED GASTROPLASTY; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; OBESE PATIENTS; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; MORBIDLY OBESE; FAT OXIDATION; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS AB Background: Little is known about the determinants of individual variability in body Weight and fat loss after gastric bypass surgery or about the effects of massive weight loss induced by this surgery on energy requirements. Objectives: The objectives were to determine changes in energy expenditure and body composition with weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery and to identify presurgery predictors of weight loss. Design: Thirty extremely obese women and men with a mean (+/-SD) age of 39.0 +/- 9.6 y and a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of 50.1 +/- 9.3 were tested longitudinally under weight-stable conditions before surgery and after weight loss and stabilization (14 +/- 2 mo). Total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, and fasting leptin were measured. Results: Subjects lost 53.2 +/- 22.2 kg body weight and had significant decreases in REE (-2.4 +/- 1.0 MJ/d; P < 0.001) and TEE (-3.6 +/- 2.5 MJ/d; P < 0.001). Changes in REE were predicted by changes in fat-free mass and fat mass. The average physical activity level (TEE/REE) was 1.61 at both baseline and follow-up (P = 0.98). Weight loss was predicted by baseline fat mass and BMI but not by any energy expenditure variable or leptin. Measured REE at follow-up was not significantly different from predicted REE. Conclusions: TEE and REE decreased by 25% on average after massive weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery. REE changes were predicted by loss of body tissue; thus, there was no significant long-term change in energy efficiency that would independently promote weight regain. C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Room 608,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK 46200]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH/DK54092-01A3] NR 62 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692KP UT WOS:000183660500004 PM 12816767 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Lehto, S Pyorala, K Uusitupa, MIJ AF Erkkila, AT Lehto, S Pyorala, K Uusitupa, MIJ TI n-3 fatty acids and 5-y risks of death and cardiovascular disease events in patients with coronary artery disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet; n-3 fatty acids; mortality; coronary artery disease; risk; cohort studies ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FISH CONSUMPTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; SERUM-LIPIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID AB Background: Data on the association of n-3 fatty acid content in serum lipids with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. Objective: We hypothesized that a high proportion of n-3 fatty acids in serum lipids would be associated with reduced risks of death and coronary events in patients with established CAD. Design: We measured dietary intakes via food records and the fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters (CEs) in 285 men and 130 women with CAD (T age: 61 y; range: 33-74 y). The patients participating in the EUROASPIRE (European Action on Secondary Prevention through Intervention to Reduce Events) study were followed up for 5 y. Results: During the follow-up, 36 patients died, 21 had myocardial infarctions, and 12 had strokes. The relative risks (RRs) of death adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors for subjects in the highest tertile of fatty acids in CEs compared with those in the lowest tertile were 0.33 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.96) for alpha-linolenic acid, 0.33 (0.12, 0.93) for eicosapentaenoic acid, and 0.31 (0.11, 0.87) for docosahexaenoic acid (P for trend = 0.063, 0.056, and 0.026, respectively). A high proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid in CEs was associated with a low risk of CAD death. Compared with no consumption, consumption of fish tended to be associated with a lower risk of death [1-57 g/d, RR 0.50 (0.20, 1.28); > 57 g/d, RR = 0.37 (0.14, 1.00); P for trend 0.059]. Conclusion: High proportions of n-3 fatty acids in serum lipids are associated with a substantially reduced risk of death. C1 Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, Kuopio, Finland. Kuopio Univ Hosp, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Kuopio, Dept Med, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RP Erkkila, AT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Res Lab, 711 Washington St,Room 424, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 52 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692KP UT WOS:000183660500009 PM 12816772 ER PT J AU Schulze, KJ O'Brien, KO Germain-Lee, EL Baer, DJ Leonard, A Rosenstein, BJ AF Schulze, KJ O'Brien, KO Germain-Lee, EL Baer, DJ Leonard, A Rosenstein, BJ TI Efficiency of calcium absorption is not compromised in clinically stable prepubertal and pubertal girls with cystic fibrosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; bone; calcium; stable isotopes; puberty; girls ID BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; ISOTOPIC TRACERS; URINARY CALCIUM; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; METABOLISM; KINETICS; MASS; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Background: Reduced bone mass is common in both children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and may be a consequence of inadequate calcium absorption. The effect of CF on intestinal calcium absorption and retention has not been described in children. Objective: Calcium absorption and urinary losses were characterized in clinically stable girls with CF consuming self-selected diets and following usual pancreatic enzyme regimens. Design: The percentage of calcium absorption was assessed in 23 girls (aged 7-18 y) with CF by using oral (Ca-44) and intravenous (Ca-42) stable isotopes. Girls were grouped according to Tanner stage of breast development. True calcium absorption (V-a) was determined as the product of percentage calcium absorption and average 4-d daily calcium intake. Calcium balance was estimated by subtracting urinary calcium and estimated endogenous fecal losses from the measure of V-a. Analysis of variance was used to compare outcomes among pubertal groups, and regression analysis was used to describe the relations of percentage and total calcium absorption to calcium intake and of urinary calcium to sodium excretion. Results: Percentage calcium absorption was inversely related to calcium intake. Percentage absorption and V-a were similar to values observed in healthy girls in other studies. Total calcium absorption and estimated calcium balance were significantly greater among girls in early puberty (Tanner stages 2-3) than in prepubertal or late-pubertal girls (P < 0.05). Urinary calcium was positively related to urinary sodium excretion (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The efficiency of calcium absorption was not compromised in clinically stable girls with CF. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Endocrinol, Baltimore, MD USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00052] NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 110 EP 116 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692KP UT WOS:000183660500016 PM 12816779 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Abramson, S Heird, WC AF Jahoor, F Abramson, S Heird, WC TI The protein metabolic response to HIV infection in young children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE leucine kinetics; acute phase proteins; HIV infection; children; stable isotope ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENERGY MALNUTRITION; LEUCINE KINETICS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ALBUMIN; GROWTH; AIDS; TURNOVER; INFANTS; PLASMA AB Background: Growth failure often precedes secondary infections in HIV-infected infants and children, suggesting that inadequate protein deposition may be an early manifestation of infection by the virus. However, the protein metabolic response elicited by the virus in young children is unknown. Objective: We compared children with HIV infection and age-matched children without HIV infection with regard to whole-body and splanchnic protein kinetics and synthesis of acute phase proteins (APPs). Design: Whole-body and splanchnic leucine kinetics and fractional and absolute synthesis rates of 2 positive and 4 negative APPs were measured in 6 asymptomatic, HIV-infected children (4 males and 2 females) aged 6-17 mo and 4 uninfected children (3 females and 1 male) aged 7-9 mo who were in the fed state. Results: Compared with the control children, the HIV-infected children had significantly lower dietary energy and protein intakes and leucine balance and significantly faster leucine flux and fractional splanchnic leucine extraction; there was no significant difference between the groups in leucine oxidation rates. The HIV-infected children also had significantly higher plasma concentrations and absolute synthesis rates of the positive APPs and a significantly higher fractional synthesis rate of fibrinogen. The concentrations of 2 of the 4 negative APPs, albumin and HDL apolipoprotein A-I, were significantly lower in the HIV-infected children but were not associated with slower synthesis rates. Conclusions: Children with HIV infection but without secondary infection have reduced protein balance because of an inability to down-regulate protein catabolism. Furthermore, the acute phase protein response elicited by HIV infection is characterized by higher concentrations and synthesis rates of positive APPs without lower concentrations of some negative APPs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Sect Allergy & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Sect Allergy & Immunol, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00188] NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692KP UT WOS:000183660500026 PM 12816789 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Fiorotto, ML Cummings, KK Pope, MA Brown, PA Draghia-Akli, R AF Khan, AS Fiorotto, ML Cummings, KK Pope, MA Brown, PA Draghia-Akli, R TI Maternal GHRH plasmid administration changes pituitary cell lineage and improves progeny growth of pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE growth hormone-releasing hormone; insulin-like growth factor I; electroporation ID RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; IN-VIVO; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FETAL-GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; SECRETION; SOWS; EXPRESSION AB Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that administration of a myogenic plasmid that encodes a protease-resistant growth hormone-releasing hormone (HV-GHRH) to pregnant rat dams augmented long-term growth in first-generation progeny. In the present study, gilts were injected intra-muscularly at day 85 of gestation with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg of the HV-GHRH-expressing plasmid and were then electroporated. Piglets were weighed and bled periodically from birth to 100 kg. Piglets from gilts treated with 1 and 5 mg of HV-GHRH plasmid were larger at birth and weaning compared with controls. These two groups reached 100 kg 9 days earlier than the other groups. GHRH levels were increased at birth in piglets from treated gilts. IGF-I levels were significantly increased in the 5-mg group beginning at 21 days of age compared with controls. Pituitaries from the 5-mg group contained a significantly increased number of somatotrophs and lactotrophs from birth to 100 kg. This study confirms that enhanced maternal GHRH production results in intergenerational growth augmentation and that the magnitude of the response is dose dependent. The similarity of the response across species suggests that the effect is likely exerted as a fundamental component of gestational and developmental physiology. C1 ADViSYS Inc, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Draghia-Akli, R (reprint author), ADViSYS Inc, 2700 Res Forest Dr,Suite 180, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 285 IS 1 BP E224 EP E231 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00050.2003 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 691WQ UT WOS:000183629300026 PM 12670834 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Regulation of translation initiation by insulin and amino acids in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein synthesis; nutrition; growth; eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; S6 kinase-1 ID STIMULATES PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; PEPTIDE-CHAIN INITIATION; P70 S6 KINASE; L6 MYOBLASTS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; SIGNALING PATHWAY; MESSENGER-RNAS; DIABETIC-RATS; FACTOR EIF-2B; FOOD-INTAKE AB Previous studies have shown that intravenous infusion of insulin and/or amino acids reproduces the feeding-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonates and that insulin and amino acids act independently to produce this effect. The goal of the present study was to delineate the regulatory roles of insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis in neonates by examining translational control mechanisms, specifically the eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs), which enable coupling of initiator methionyl-tRNA(i) and mRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit. Insulin secretion was blocked by somatostatin in fasted 7-day-old pigs (n = 8-12/group), insulin was infused to achieve plasma levels of similar to0, 2, 6, and 30 muU/ml, and amino acids were clamped at fasting or fed levels or, at the high insulin dose, below fasting. Both insulin and amino acids increased the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) and the eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP1), decreased the binding of 4E-BP1 to eIF4E, increased eIF4E binding to eIF4G, and increased fractional protein synthesis rates but did not affect eIF2B activity. In the absence of insulin, amino acids had no effect on these translation initiation factors but increased the protein synthesis rates. Raising insulin from below fasting to fasting levels generally did not alter translation initiation factor activity but raised protein synthesis rates. The phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 and the amount of 4E-BP1 bound to eIF4E and eIF4E bound to eIF4G were correlated with insulin level, amino acid level, and protein synthesis rate. Thus insulin and amino acids regulate muscle protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonates by modulating the availability of eIF4E for 48S ribosomal complex assembly, although other processes also must be involved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tme.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR-44474, R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15658] NR 58 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 EI 1522-1555 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 285 IS 1 BP E40 EP E53 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00563.2002 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 691WQ UT WOS:000183629300006 PM 12637260 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Wrolstad, R Durst, R Yang, CP Clevidence, B AF Brown, CR Wrolstad, R Durst, R Yang, CP Clevidence, B TI Breeding studies in potatoes containing high concentrations of anthocyanins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; pelargonidin; petunidin; peonidin; ORAC; FRAP ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; CULTIVATED POTATO; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; INHERITANCE; ASSAY; PIGMENTATION; SERUM AB Studies of the breeding behavior of clones containing high levels of anthocyanins were conducted. Red-fleshed clones appeared in proportions suggesting multigenic control of degree of pigmentation. Red-fleshed and purple-fleshed clones were always accompanied by red and purple skin, respectively. Red flesh ranged from partial pigmentation to complete pigmentation represented by pigment present in all tuber tissues. Percentage of completely red-fleshed progeny was 14.5% and 4.1% in red x red crosses vs red x white (or the reciprocal), respectively. Purple-fleshed progeny were obtained from red x white crosses where the white-fleshed parent harbored the P pigment gene in juxtaposition with the multiplex recessive state of the I gene (i.e., iiii), which suppressed expression. Total anthocyanin ranged from 6.9 to 35 mg per 100 g fresh weight in the red-fleshed and 5.5 to 17.1 in the purple-fleshed clones. Red-fleshed clones contained predominantly acylated glycosides of pelargonidin while the purple-fleshed clones contained predominantly acylated glycosides of petunidin and peonidin. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity and Ferrous Reducing Ability of Plasma revealed that the antioxidant levels in the red or purple-fleshed potatoes were two to three times higher than white-fleshed potato. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Phytonutrient Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 719DQ UT WOS:000185188700003 ER PT J AU Hane, DC Mosley, AR James, SR Rykbost, KA Shock, CC Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Thornton, RE Charlton, BA Eldredge, ER Yilma, S AF Hane, DC Mosley, AR James, SR Rykbost, KA Shock, CC Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Thornton, RE Charlton, BA Eldredge, ER Yilma, S TI Wallowa Russet: A full season long Russet for processing and fresh market SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety; disease resistance; vitamin C AB The Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington and the U.S. Department of Agriculture jointly released Wallowa Russet in 2002. This late maturing variety is most suitable for frozen french fry use, but may find limited fresh market potential because of outstanding flavor and texture when baked. Wallowa Russet was evaluated as A087277-6 in Oregon irrigated trials from 1993 through 1999, and in western regional trials from 1997 through 1999. Averaged over 13 locations in seven states, Wallowa Russet produced total yields of 55.6 mt/ha compared to 53.5 and 45.7 mt/ha for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, respectively, and U.S. No.1 yields of 44.4 mt/ha compared to 30.7 and 36.0 mt/ha for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Specific gravity is consistently higher for Wallowa Russet than for Russet Burbank and fry color is as light or lighter; sugar end development is less than that observed in Russet Burbank. Wallowa Russet is similar to Russet Burbank in susceptibility to Verticillium wilt, foliar early blight (Alternaria solani), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV). However, Wallowa Russet develops less net necrosis than Russet Burbank from PLRV infection. Wallowa Russet is more susceptible to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Russet Burbank. It has moderate resistance to potato virus Y (PVY). Tubers of Wallowa Russet are less susceptible to tuber infection and decay caused by potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) than Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet. Wallowa Russet has less hollow heart, brown center, blackspot bruise, and fewer growth cracks than Russet Burbank but is more susceptible to shatter bruise. Vitamin C is higher for Wallowa Russet (30.4 mg/100 g fresh weight) than for Russet Burbank (21.9) or Russet Norkotah (22.0), and protein content averaged 5.6% compared to 4.7% and 4.9% for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, respectively. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cen Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hane, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, POB 105, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 719DQ UT WOS:000185188700008 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, BE DeMaula, CD Wilson, WC Boyce, WM MacLachlan, NJ AF McLaughlin, BE DeMaula, CD Wilson, WC Boyce, WM MacLachlan, NJ TI Replication of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in pulmonary artery endothelial cells obtained from cattle, sheep, and deer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IBARAKI VIRUS; BOVINE; PATHOGENESIS; CALVES; INVITRO; CALIFORNIA; THROMBOSIS AB Objective-To compare replication of bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) obtained from juvenile cattle, sheep, white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus), and black-tailed deer (BTD O hemionus columbianus). Sample Population-Cultures of pulmonary artery ECs obtained from 3 cattle, 3 sheep, 3 WTD, and 1 BTD. Procedure-Purified cultures of pulmonary artery ECs were established. Replication, incidence of infection, and cytopathic effects of prototype strains of BTV serotype 17 (BTV-17) and 2 serotypes of EHDV (EHDV-1), and (EHDV-2) were compared in replicate cultures of ECs from each of the 4 ruminant species by use of virus titration and flow cytometric analysis. Results-All 3 viruses replicated in ECs from the 4 ruminant species, however, BTV-17 replicated more rapidly than did either serotype of EHDV. Each virus replicated to a high titer in all ECs, although titers of EHDV-1 were significantly lower in sheep ECs than in ECs of other species. Furthermore, all viruses caused extensive cytopathic effects and a high incidence of cellular infection, however, incidence of cellular infection and cytopathic effects were significantly lower in EHDV-1-infected sheep ECs and EHDV-2-infected BTD ECs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-There were only minor differences in replication, incidence of infection, and cytopathic effects for BTV-17, EHDV-1, or EHDV-2 in ECs of cattle, sheep, BTD, and WTD. It is not likely that differences in expression of disease in BTV- and EHDV-infected ruminants are attributable only to species-specific differences in the susceptibility of ECs to infection with the 2 orbiviruses. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP McLaughlin, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 64 IS 7 BP 860 EP 865 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.860 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 694CY UT WOS:000183757300009 PM 12856770 ER PT J AU Zollner, PA Crane, KJ AF Zollner, PA Crane, KJ TI Influence of canopy closure and shrub coverage on travel along coarse woody debris by eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RED-BACKED VOLES; SOUTHEASTERN PINE FOREST; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; CLETHRIONOMYS-CALIFORNICUS; SMALL MAMMALS; DEER MICE; MANICULATUS; RISK; MICROHABITATS; PREDATION AB We investigated relationships between canopy closure, shrub cover and the use of coarse woody debris as a travel path by eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in the north central United States. Fine scale movements of chipmunks were followed with tracking spools and the percentage of each movement path directly along coarse woody debris was recorded. Availability of coarse woody debris was estimated using line intercepts. We predicted that, if chipmunks used coarse woody debris to reduce their risk of predation, movement along coarse woody debris would be greater for animals tracked at sites with open canopies and thick shrub cover. Travel along coarse woody debris was negatively associated with canopy closure and positively associated with the percent of coarse woody debris available at a site and the percentage of shrub cover at a site. Sex and age of eastern chipmunks did not appear to influence the amount of use of coarse woody debris. Our results suggest that coarse woody debris is more important to chipmunks in areas with open canopies and thick shrubs and are consistent with the hypothesis that coarse woody debris provides chipmunks with some protection from predators. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Indiana State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Zollner, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0151:IOCCAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698GK UT WOS:000183990100015 ER PT J AU Swiecki, C Stojadinovic, A Anderson, J Zhao, AP Dawson, H Shea-Donohue, T AF Swiecki, C Stojadinovic, A Anderson, J Zhao, AP Dawson, H Shea-Donohue, T TI Effect of hyperglycemia and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on heat tolerance and induction of heat shock protein 72KDa in vivo SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; EXPRESSION; INJURY; RAT; HSP70; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70; INFLAMMATION; PROTECTION; DAMAGE; CELLS AB Diabetes and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition both exacerbate mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury. Heat shock protein 72 (HSP-72) protects against kappaDa ischemia/reperfusion damage in vivo. The effect of diabetes on HSP-72 expression in vivo is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of diabetes and NOS inhibition on HSP-72 induction in vivo. Rats were assigned to four groups: control (C), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), acute hyperglycemia (A), and L-N-omega-nitro-L-arginine treated (L). Rats were subjected to hyperthermia and allowed to recover for 4 hours. Intestine and liver samples from heated (H) and nonheated (NH) rats were analyzed for HSP-72 by Western blot. HSP-72 levels were increased significantly in CH compared to CNH rats. No deaths occurred in CH rats; however, death rates were significant in AH, DH, and LH rats. DH rats died earlier than LH and AH rats. HSP-72 in liver and intestine was reduced significantly in LH rats. When compared with CH rats the surviving AH and DH rats exhibited similar HSP-72 levels in the liver. Diabetes, acute hyperglycemia, and L-N-omega-nitro-L-arginine treatment lower heat stress tolerance. NOS is required for HSP-72 expression, but not survival. Diabetics who survive heat stress moderately express HSP-72. Characterization of altered thermotolerance and HSP-72 may provide mechanisms for the deranged diabetic stress response. C1 USDA ARS, NRFL, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, NRFL, BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 700WN UT WOS:000184134300011 PM 12889622 ER PT J AU Lecain, DR Morgan, JA Mosier, AR Nelson, JA AF Lecain, DR Morgan, JA Mosier, AR Nelson, JA TI Soil and plant water relations determine photosynthetic responses of C-3 and C-4 grasses in a semi-arid ecosystem under elevated CO2 SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; Pascopyrum smithii; C-3; C-4; leaf water potential; photosynthesis; acclimation; stomata; serni-arid; soil water ID PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII C-3; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS C-4; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; NITROGEN NUTRITION; C3 GRASS; GROWTH; ACCLIMATION; ENRICHMENT AB To model the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 on semi-arid grasslands, the gas exchange responses of leaves to seasonal changes in soil water, and how they are modified by CO2, must be understood for C-3 and C-4 species that grow in the same area. In this study, open-top chambers were used to investigate the photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Pascopyrum smithii (C-3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C-4) grown at 360 (ambient CO2) and 720 mumol mol(-1) CO2 (elevated CO2) in a semi-arid shortgrass steppe. Assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) at the treatment CO2 concentrations and at a range of intercellular CO2 concentrations and leaf water potentials (psi(leaf)) were measured over 4 years with variable soil water content caused by season and CO2 treatment. Carboxylation efficiency of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, (V-c,V-max), and ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity (J(max)) were reduced in P. smithii grown in elevated CO2, to the degree that A was similar in elevated and ambient CO2 (when soil moisture was adequate). Photosynthetic capacity was not reduced in B. gracilis under elevated CO2, but A was nearly saturated at ambient CO2. There were no stomatal adaptations independent of photosynthetic acclimation. Although photosynthetic capacity was reduced in P. smithii growing in elevated CO2, reduced gs and transpiration improved soil water content and psi(leaf) in the elevated CO2 chambers, thereby improving A of both species during dry periods. These results suggest that photosynthetic responses Of C-3 and C-4 grasses in this semi-arid ecosystem will be driven primarily by the effect of elevated CO2 on plant and soil water relations. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Lecain, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1093/aob/mcg109 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 698CN UT WOS:000183980200004 PM 12754182 ER PT J AU Rosell, RC Davidson, EW Jancovich, JK Hendrix, DL Brown, JK AF Rosell, RC Davidson, EW Jancovich, JK Hendrix, DL Brown, JK TI Size limitations in the filter chamber and digestive tract of nymphal and adult Bemisia tabaci whiteflies (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; plant virus-vector; alimentary canal; Bemisia argentifolii ID HOMOPTERAN INSECTS; ION-TRANSPORT; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; V-ATPASE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; GEMINIVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; CYTOCHEMISTRY; WATER; VIRUS AB The molecular size limitations of the digestive system, including the filter chamber of immature and adult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype (=B. argentifolii), were studied by tracking the movement of fluorescent-labeled molecules and microspheres ingested by whiteflies. Soluble fluorescent molecules and labeled dextrans, ranging from 389 to 2,000,000 Da, were observed throughout the digestive tract of immatures 10-30 min after feeding was initiated. After removal of labeled molecules from the diet, fluorochromes were cleared from digestive system of immatures within 2 h. Fluorescent-labeled 0.1- and 0.2-mum microspheres were ingested by larvae and saturated the digestive system within 2 h after initiation of feeding. Large, 0.5-mum spheres were not observed in the digestive tract of immatures, probably because singly or as aggregates, they were too large to enter the stylet food canal. The smallest spheres examined, 0.02 mum, were not detectable in the digestive tract of immatures. Observations for whitefly adults were identical to those for larvae, with two exceptions. In adults, soluble fluorochromes were detectablel It after feeding commenced, and 0.02-mum spheres were observed primarily in the esophagus, filter chamber, anterior midgut, and hindgut, but not in the posterior portions of the midgut. We hypothesize that most of the 0.02-mum spheres ingested by adult whiteflies were shunted directly to the hindgut by way of the filter chamber, effectively bypassing the midgut. This is, therefore, a feasible route for virions of the plant pathogenic genus Begomovirus, which are of similar size to the small microspheres and are transmitted in a circulative manner by B. tabaci. C1 Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rosell, RC (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, 3800 Montrose Blvd, Houston, TX 77006 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0544:SLITFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711VP UT WOS:000184762000017 ER PT J AU Fuester, RW Swan, KS Dunning, K Taylor, PB Ramaseshiah, G AF Fuester, RW Swan, KS Dunning, K Taylor, PB Ramaseshiah, G TI Male-biased sex ratios in Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a parasitoid of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biological control; sex ratio; reproduction; postmating rest period; number of copulations; temperature at mating ID LYSIPHLEBIA-MIRZAI; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; TRYONI HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PATERNAL GENOME; HOST SIZE; CHROMOSOME; HYM; TEPHRITIDAE; TEMPERATURE AB Male-biased sex ratios in populations of parasitic wasps used in biological control are undesirable, because a low proportion of females can prevent the establishment of introduced species or hinder commercial production of species used for augmentative control. Studies were conducted on potential factors contributing to male-biased sex ratios that have been encountered in laboratory rearings of the braconid endoparasitoid Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Marsh) using the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), as a host. Sex determination in this wasp is arrhenotokous (haplodiploid). In the first experiment, we stored adults at 13 or 16degreesC and allowed them to mate at 20 or 25degreesC and found that sex ratios (expressed as percentage females) did not differ among progeny of parents; many females produced all male progeny, suggesting that they had not been fertilized. In the second experiment, females were exposed to hosts soon (0 - 60 min) after mating or 23-25 It later. Sex ratios were higher (less male-biased) in progenies of females provided with the rest period than in those which were not. In a third experiment, females were allowed to mate from one to four times with a given male. Although differences between these groupings were not statistically significant, the data suggested that more than two matings might depress sex ratios of progeny. An alternative analysis with only two groupings (1-2 matings and 3-4 matings) suggested that more than two matings might increase male bias of progeny. Therefore, we suggest that matings of this species be monitored in sleeve cages so that paired females can be removed and separated after copulation to diminish the likelihood of excessive matings, then given a rest period before they are offered hosts for parasitization. C1 ARS, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Fuester, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM rfuester@biir.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0553:MSRIGF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711VP UT WOS:000184762000018 ER PT J AU Vera, MT Cladera, JL Calcagno, G Vilardi, JC McInnis, DO Stolar, E Segura, D Marty, NP Krsticevic, F Cendra, PG Rodriguero, M Barborini, K Heer, T Allinghi, A Bonpland, G Hansen, L Segade, G AF Vera, MT Cladera, JL Calcagno, G Vilardi, JC McInnis, DO Stolar, E Segura, D Marty, NP Krsticevic, F Cendra, PG Rodriguero, M Barborini, K Heer, T Allinghi, A Bonpland, G Hansen, L Segade, G CA Field Working Grp TI Remating of wild Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) females in field cages SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE medfly; sterile insect technique; genetic sexing strains; field cages; remating; refractory period ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; SPERM COMPETITION; FLIES DIPTERA; SEX-RATIO; FREQUENCY; MALES; STRAINS; REPRODUCTION; COPULATION; STABILITY AB The remating behavior of wild Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) females was examined after first mating to males from the wild or from one of two genetic sexing strains: Cast 191 (irradiated or nonirradiated males) or Seib 6-96 (irradiated males only). The observations were carried out in field cages set over a rooted host tree during a continuous period of 10 h in which females were individually identified. On average, 12% of females remated. The general trend was a higher rate of remating for females first mated with lab males compared with females first mated with wild males. It was observed that females that remated tended to start and end their first mating earlier than those females that did not remate, and the first mating of the former was shorter than that of the latter. However, there was no significant differences in copula duration between remater and nonremater females. Females mated initially to wild males showed the longest average refractory period and females mated to Cast 191 irradiated males the shortest. Females first mated to Cast 191 nonirradiated and Seib 6-96 irradiated males showed intermediate values. It is expected that the methodology used in this study can prove useful for routine quality control tests in medfly mass-rearing facilities. C1 INTA, Inst Genet, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. ARS, USDA, PBARC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vera, MT (reprint author), INTA, Inst Genet, CC 25, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. RI KRSTICEVIC, FLAVIA/K-3497-2012; OI KRSTICEVIC, FLAVIA/0000-0002-3447-0778; Segura, Diego/0000-0001-7714-6559 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0563:ROWCCD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711VP UT WOS:000184762000020 ER PT J AU Delphia, CM Copren, KA Haverty, MI AF Delphia, CM Copren, KA Haverty, MI TI Agonistic behavior between individual worker termites from three cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes of Reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) from northern California SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aggression; competition; fighting; kin recognition; subterranean termites ID ZOOTERMOPSIS SPECIES ISOPTERA; FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; SPP. ISOPTERA; INTERSPECIFIC AGONISM; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; DAMPWOOD TERMITES; UNITED-STATES; TERMOPSIDAE; COLONIES; INTRACOLONY AB Bioassays examining aggression in termites have typically been performed by pairing groups of workers from different colonies. We examined whether similar results would be observed using bioassays with individual workers. We report the results of pairings of individual workers of Reticulitermes spp. of three different hydrocarbon phenotypes (CA-A, CA-B, and CA-C). Resulting agonistic behavior between individuals can be used to infer relatedness of workers from different foraging groups because identification of species of Reticulitermes is often difficult. Pairings consisted p of two termites from the same colony or from different colonies with the same or different phenotypes. We recorded avoidance behavior and immediate aggression during 5-min observations and mortality at 24 h. Intercolonial/intraphenotype pairings paralleled group bioassays with low levels of immediate aggression; however, individual pairings had lower levels of mortality at 24 h. Bioassays using individual Reticulitermes spp. workers in interphenotype pairings yielded results comparable with previously reported group bioassays and could be used in lieu of group bioassays. However, if immediate aggression is lacking, it would be advisable to use group bioassays or increase the number of replications to differentiate intracolonial and intercolonial pairings. Survival rates were the same for all phenotypes when paired with either of the other two phenotypes. There were, however, significant differences in the number of avoidance responses; pairings with CA-C had the highest number of avoidance responses followed by pairings with CA-B and CA-A. There were significant differences in immediate aggression; CA-C was the most aggressive, followed by CA-B and CA-A. Different levels of aggression among phenotypes provide additional evidence that these phenotypes represent distinct taxa or species. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Delphia, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0585:ABBIWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711VP UT WOS:000184762000023 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Delaplane, KS Neumann, P Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Delaplane, KS Neumann, P Elzen, PJ TI The effects of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae), on nests and flight activity of Cape and European honey bees (Apis mellifera) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera capensis; flight activity; honey bee nests ID MURRAY COLEOPTERA; SRI-LANKA; BEHAVIOR; DORSATA; AMERICA AB This study identifies differences in the effects of small hive beetles on flight activity and nests of European-derived honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the United States and Cape honey bees (Apis mellifera capensis) in South Africa. Treatments consisted of control colonies (<5 beetles/colony) and experimental colonies receiving beetles (treatment). Absconding day did not differ significantly between treatment or bee race but absconding was greater between the two treatments in European colonies than in Cape ones. Cape bees used significantly more propolis than European bees. Honey stores were significantly greater in Cape honey bee colonies than in European ones. Bee weight did not differ significantly between treatments or bee race. Treatment did not significantly affect bee populations, brood area, or average flight activity in Cape colonies but it did significantly lower all of these in European colonies. The effects of treatment in European colonies are symptomatic of absconding preparation. Treatment significantly lowered the amount of pollen stores in Cape colonies, but this effect was not found in European colonies. The number of beetles in control colonies was significantly higher in European colonies than Cape ones while the percentage of beetles remaining in non-absconding treated colonies was higher in Cape colonies than European ones. These data indicate that adult small hive beetles are sufficient to cause significant harmful effects on colonies of European, but not Cape, honey bees. C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Zool, D-06099 Halle Saale, Germany. USDA, Kika Garzo Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1051/apido:2003038 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 700EL UT WOS:000184099600009 ER PT J AU Hosokawa, M Hou, CT Weisleder, D AF Hosokawa, M Hou, CT Weisleder, D TI Production of novel tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids from alpha-linolenic acid by Clavibacter sp strain ALA2 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING AGENT; OLEIC-ACID; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; MITOGENIC ACTIVITY; COMPOUND; IDENTIFICATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIOCONVERSION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Previously, it was reported that a newly isolated microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2, produced trillydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, diepxoy bicyclic fatty acids, and tetrabydroxyfuranyl fatty acids (THFAs) from linoleic acid (C. T. Hou, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1359-1362,1996; C. T. Hou. and R. J. Forman III, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24:275-276, 2000; C. T. Hou, H. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75:14831487,1998; C. T. Hou, H. W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1167-1169,2001). In this study, we found that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 produced novel THFAs, including 13,16-dihydroxy-12-THFA, 15epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (13,16-dihydroxy-THFA), and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-12, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA), from alpha-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid). The chemical structures of these products were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum incubation temperature was 30degreesC for production of both hydroxy-THFAs. 13,16-Dihydroxy-THFA was detected after 2 days of incubation, and the concentration reached 45 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation; 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was not detected after 2 days of incubation, but the concentration reached 9 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation. The total yield of both 13,16-dihydroxy-THFA and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was 67% (wt/wt) after 7 days of incubation at 30'C and 200 rpm. In previous studies, it was reported that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 oxidized the C-7, C-12, C-13, C-16, and C-17 positions of linoleic acid (n-6) into hydroxy groups. In this case, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is saturated. In ot-linolenic acid (n-3), however, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is unsaturated. It seems that enzymes of strain ALA2 oxidized the C-12-C-13 and C-16-C-17 double bonds into dihydroxy groups first and then converted them to hydroxy-THFAs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Res Support Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Hosokawa, Masashi/C-3024-2008 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 3868 EP 3873 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3868-3873.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100023 PM 12839755 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Humphrey, SB AF Stanton, TB Humphrey, SB TI Isolation of tetracycline-resistant Megasphaera elsdenii strains with novel mosaic gene combinations of tet(O) and tet(W) from swine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS-ELSDENII; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; IN-VITRO; RUMEN; LACTATE; STREPTOCOCCUS; PIGS AB Anaerobic bacteria insensitive to chlortetracycline (64 to 256 mug/ml) were isolated from cecal contents and cecal tissues of swine fed or not fed chlortetracycline. A nutritionally complex, rumen fluid-based medium was used for culturing the bacteria. Eight of 84 isolates from seven different animals were identified as Megasphaera elsdenii strains based on their large-coccus morphology, rapid growth on lactate, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence similarities with M. elsdenii LC-1(T). All eight strains had tetracycline MICs of between 128 and 256 mug/ml. Based on PCR assays differentiating 14 tet classes, the strains gave a positive reaction for the tet(O) gene. By contrast, three ruminant M. elsdenii strains recovered from 30-year-old culture stocks had tetracycline MICs of 4 ttg/ml and did not contain tet genes. The tet genes of two tetracycline-resistant M. elsdenii strains were amplified and cloned. Both genes bestowed tetracycline resistance (MIC = 32 to 64 mug/ml) on recombinant Escherichia coli strains. Sequence analysis revealed that the M. elsdenii genes represent two different mosaic genes formed by interclass (double-crossover) recombination events involving tet(O) and tet(W). One or the other genotype was present in each of the eight tetracycline-resistant M. elsdenii strains isolated in these studies. These findings suggest a role for commensal bacteria not only in the preservation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the intestinal tract but also in the evolution of resistance. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 60 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 3874 EP 3882 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3874-3882.2003 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100024 PM 12839756 ER PT J AU Thurston-Enriquez, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Gerba, CP AF Thurston-Enriquez, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Gerba, CP TI Chlorine inactivation of adenovirus type 40 and feline calicivirus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; DRINKING-WATER; SWIMMING POOL; POLIOVIRUS; OUTBREAK; DISINFECTANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ORGANIZATION AB Ct values, the concentration of free chlorine multiplied by time of contact with virus, were determined for free-chlorine inactivation experiments carried out with chloroform-extracted (dispersed) and non-chloroform-extracted (aggregated) feline callicivirus (FCV), adenovirus type 40 (AD40), and polio virus type 1 (PV-1). Experiments were carried out with high and low pH and temperature conditions. Ct values were calculated directly from bench-scale free-chlorine inactivation experiments and from application of the efficiency factor Hom model. For each experimental condition, 0 values were higher at pH 8 than at pH 6, higher at 5degreesC than at 15degreesC, and higher for dispersed AD40 (dAD40) than for dispersed FCV (dFCV). dFCV and dAD40 were more sensitive to free chlorine than dispersed PV-1 (dPV-1). Os for 2 log inactivation of aggregated FCV (aFCV) and aggregated PV-1 (aPV-1) were 31.0 and 2.8 orders of magnitude higher than those calculated from experiments carried out with dispersed virus. Cts for 2 log inactivation of dFCV and dAD40 in treated groundwater at 15degreesC were 1.2 and 13.7 times greater than in buffered-demand-free (BDF) water experiments at 5degreesC. Ct values listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidance Manual were close to, or lower than, Ct values generated for experiments conducted with dispersed and aggregated viruses suspended in BDF water and for dispersed viruses suspended in treated groundwater. Since the state of viruses in water is most likely to be aggregated and associated with organic or inorganic matter, reevaluation of the EPA Guidance Manual Ct values is necessary, since they would not be useful for ensuring inactivation of viruses in these states. Under the tested conditions, dAD40, dFCV, aFCV, dPV-1, and aPV-1 particles would be inactivated by commonly used free chlorine concentrations (1 mg/liter) and contact times (60 to 237 min) applied for drinking water treatment in the United States. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Environm Sci Engn & Policy, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Montgomery Watson Harza, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Thurston-Enriquez, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 120 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 47 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 3979 EP 3985 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3979-3985.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100039 PM 12839771 ER PT J AU Whittle, G Whitehead, TR Hamburger, N Shoemaker, NB Cotta, MA Salyers, AA AF Whittle, G Whitehead, TR Hamburger, N Shoemaker, NB Cotta, MA Salyers, AA TI Identification of a new ribosomal protection type of tetracycline resistance gene, tet(36), from swine manure pits SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SXT ELEMENT; CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTEROIDES; DNA; SEQUENCE; PLASMID AB Previously, only one ribosome protection type of a tetracycline resistance gene, tetQ, had been identified in Bacteroides spp. During an investigation of anaerobic bacteria present in swine feces and manure storage pits, a tetracycline-resistant Bacteroides strain was isolated. Subsequent analysis showed that this new Bacteroides strain, Bacteroides sp. strain 139, did not contain tetQ but contained a previously unidentified tetracycline resistance gene. Sequence analysis showed that the tetracycline resistance gene from Bacteroides sp. strain 139 encoded a protein (designated Tet 36) that defines a new class of ribosome protection types of tetracycline resistance. Tet 36 has 60% amino acid identity over 640 aa to TetQ and between 31 and 49% amino acid identity to the nine other ribosome protection types of tetracycline resistance genes. The tet(36) region was not observed to transfer from Bacteroides sp. strain 139 to another Bacteroides sp. under laboratory conditions. Yet tet(36) was found in other genera of bacteria isolated from the same swine manure pits and from swine feces. Phylogenetic analysis of the tet(36)-containing isolates indicated that tet(36) was present not only in the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides group to which Bacteroides sp. strain 139 belongs but also in gram-positive genera and gram-negative proteobacteria, indicating that horizontal transfer of tet(36) is occurring between these divergent phylogenetic groups in the farm environment. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shoemaker, NB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, 601 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22383, R01 AI022383, R56 AI022383] NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4151 EP 4158 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.4151-4158.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100061 PM 12839793 ER PT J AU Wonderling, L Pearce, R Wallace, FM Call, JE Feder, I Tamplin, M Luchansky, JB AF Wonderling, L Pearce, R Wallace, FM Call, JE Feder, I Tamplin, M Luchansky, JB TI Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize the heterogeneity and clonality of Salmonella isolates obtained from the carcasses and feces of swine at slaughter SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERICA; TYPHIMURIUM; PIGS; CONTAMINATION; PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE; TRANSPORT; STORAGE AB Salmonella enterica isolates were recovered from swine at a collaborating processing plant over a 2-month period in the spring of 2000. In the present study, molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on the 581 confirmed Salmonella isolates from the 84 Salmonella-positive samples obtained from the previous study. A total of 32 different PFGE pulsotypes were observed visually, and a BioNumerics software analysis clustered those pulsotypes into 12 PFGE groups. The B, F, and G groups predominated throughout the sampling period and were isolated from 39, 22, and 13% of the swine, respectively. In addition, multiple isolates were obtained from 67 of the 84 Salmonella-positive samples, and subtyping revealed multiple PFGE profiles in 35 of these 67 (62%) samples. Both carcass and fecal isolates of Salmonella were recovered from 13 swine, resulting in "matched" samples. Molecular typing of the 252 isolates recovered from the matched samples revealed that 7 (54%) of the 13 carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella pulsotypes that were not isolated from the feces of the same animal. Conversely, from 6 of the 13 (46%) matched animals, Salmonella clonal types were isolated from the feces that were not isolated from the carcass of the same animal. These data establish that each lot of swine introduces new contaminants into the plant environment and that swine feces from one animal can contaminate many carcasses. In addition, these results indicate that the examination of multiple Salmonella isolates from positive samples is necessary to determine the variety of potential contaminants of swine carcasses during slaughter and processing. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid La, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4177 EP 4182 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.4177-4182.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100064 PM 12839796 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ Brown, LC Fausey, NR Cooper, RL Clevenger, WB Prill, GL La Barge, GA Thornton, C Riethman, DT Chester, PW Czartoski, BJ AF Allred, BJ Brown, LC Fausey, NR Cooper, RL Clevenger, WB Prill, GL La Barge, GA Thornton, C Riethman, DT Chester, PW Czartoski, BJ TI Water table management to enhance crop yields in a Wetland Reservoir Subirrigation System SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE subirrigation; subsurface drainage; water table management; wetlands; water storage reservoirs ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; DRAINAGE; CORN; NITROGEN; OHIO AB A (W) under bar etland (R) under bar eservoir (S) under bar ub (i) under bar rrigation (S) under bar ystem (WRSIS) allows for capture, treatment, storage, and reuse of runoff and subsurface drainage waters from cropland, in turn providing both environmental and agricultural production benefits. The three WRSIS sites presently in operation are all located within the northwest Ohio portion of the Maumee River Basin and have been in use for five to six complete growing seasons. WRSIS components include an underground drainage pipe network tied to both a constructed wetland and a water storage reservoir. With this type of system, the drain pipes can be used at different times to either add water (subirrigation) or remove water (subsurface drainage) from the root zone, thereby enhancing crop yields, especially in dry years. Obtaining these crop yield benefits requires a proper water table management approach that includes practicing suggested operational guidelines and initiating as needed system modification improvements. By incorporating a proper water table management approach, and in comparison to control plots, WRSIS subirrigated field crop yield increases for corn and soybeans, respectively, were 34.5 and 38.1% during drier growing seasons, 14.4 and 9.7% during near average to wetter growing seasons, and 19.6 and 17.4% overall. C1 USDA ARS, SDRU, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, FABE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, CSRU, Wooster, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Defiance, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Van Wert, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Wauseon, OH USA. USDA, NRCS, Van Wert, OH USA. USDA, NRCS, Findlay, OH USA. Maumee Valley RC&D, Defiance, OH USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SDRU, 590 Woody Hayes Dr,Room 234, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI LaBarge, Greg/C-5921-2017 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 407 EP 421 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 718RC UT WOS:000185159400004 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Zhang, JX AF Garbrecht, JD Zhang, JX TI Generating representative sequences of daily precipitation for agricultural simulations SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE precipitation-generation; computer-simulation; precipitation; weather; climate ID STOCHASTIC WEATHER SIMULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODELS; RAINFALL AB Generated weather that represents alternative realizations of a particular historical record is often needed for computer simulation of agricultural or agronomic impacts. The stochastic component of generated weather is based on random numbers. This study shows that relatively short sequences of uniform random numbers, as used to generate daily precipitation, may not display sufficient uniformity to reproduce the distribution of the target historical precipitation record or of a seasonal precipitation forecast. The magnitude of the discrepancy becomes an issue in applications that require accurate replication of the historical record or forecast. A procedure is proposed to test sequences of uniform random numbers before their use and retain only those sequences that display a high degree of uniformity as required by the weather generation model. Generated precipitation with and without testing for uniformity of random numbers shows that the discrepancy between the two can be important particularly for simulation duration less than 50 years, as are often involved in practical water resources and agricultural applications. The use of "tested" random numbers leads to transition probabilities and a precipitation distribution that are generally closer in agreement with those of the historical record. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by comparing generated daily precipitation based on "tested" and "non-tested" random number for the Kingfisher Oklahoma, historical precipitation record. The increased representativeness of the generated precipitation using "tested" random numbers allows for shorter simulation duration of agricultural models and greater capability to simulate subtle changes in precipitation such as those associated with seasonal precipitation forecasts. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 423 EP 429 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 718RC UT WOS:000185159400005 ER PT J AU Chao, K Chen, YR Chan, DE AF Chao, K Chen, YR Chan, DE TI Analysis of Vis/NIR spectral variations of wholesome, septicemia, and cadaver chicken samples SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE food safety; poultry inspection; visible/near-infrared spectroscopy; myoglobin ID POULTRY CARCASSES; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; MEATS; INSPECTION; SYSTEM AB The Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, ARS, USDA, has developed a Vis/NIR spectroscopic system for on-line poultry carcass inspection. This system was proven to be effective in distinguishing between wholesome and unwholesome carcasses. To better understand how the carcasses can be differentiated, a further in-depth study of Vis/NIR spectra of poultry samples was conducted. Results showed that Vis/NIR spectroscopy can be used to differentiate poultry samples more finely than merely between a wholesome category and a broadly inclusive unwholesome category. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis, wholesome, septicemia, and cadaver chicken samples were differentiated from each other with high accuracy. The best Vis/NIR classification model, using nine principal components (PCs) and a linear discriminant function, correctly classified 100%, 90.0%, and 92.5% of the whole (skin and meat) samples for wholesome, septicemia, and cadaver categories, respectively. For skin only samples, similar models using nine PCs resulted in lower accuracies. Examination of the PCA loadings for the whole samples suggested that the better discrimination of whole samples was dependent on spectral variation related to different forms of myoglobin present in the chicken meat, i.e. deoxymyoglobin, metmyoglobin, and oxymyoglobin. In particular, key wavelengths were identified at 540 and 585 nm, which have been identified as oxymyoglobin bands, for PCs 1 and 2; 485 nm, metmyoglobin, for PC 3; and 440 nm, deoxymyoglobin, for PC 8. C1 USDA ARS, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, ISL, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 453 EP 458 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 718RC UT WOS:000185159400008 ER PT J AU Malusa, J Overby, ST Parnell, RA AF Malusa, J Overby, ST Parnell, RA TI Potential for travertine formation: Fossil Creek, Arizona SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; CARBON; WATERS; CHINA AB Chemical analyses of water emanating from Fossil Springs in Central Arizona were conducted to predict changes in travertine deposition related to changes in stream discharge caused by diversion for hydroelectric power generation. During spring of 1996, water was sampled at 15 locations during normal seepage flow in a 6.7 km reach below Fossil Springs and at full baseflow during turbine maintenance. Analyses resulted in a rate of 11,923 kg d(-1) of CaCO3 precipitated from 1218 1 s(-1) of water emanating from the springs, while flows of 5.6 1 s(-1) that seep past a diversion dam produced 46 kg d(-1) of CaCO3 precipitation. Active travertine dams currently occur predominantly below the Irving hydroelectric. powerplant with partial return of diverted flow back into the natural channel. The lower reach resulted in 519 kg d(-1) of CaCO3 precipitated from the return of 56.6 1 s(-1) with a reduced rate of precipitation during surface runoff conditions due to a dilution effect. Artificial substrates were located at sites in the lower reach for comparison with mass transfer rates derived from changes in water chemistry. Comparison between actual precipitation rates and overall mass transfer rates suggested preferential deposition was occurring at dam locations. Rates of mass transfer for high flow were greater than lower flow. Overall, mass transfer rates for the upper reach were proportional to the flow velocities with total mass transfers for both flows being approximately equal. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Overby, ST (reprint author), USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1081 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00241-X PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682FK UT WOS:000183080900008 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR AF Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR TI Multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging system for large biological samples SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; POULTRY CARCASSES; GREEN PLANTS; INSPECTION; STRESS; SPECTRA AB A laser-induced fluorescence imaging system developed to capture multispectral fluorescence emission images simultaneously from a relatively large target object is described. With an expanded, 355-nm Nd:YAG laser as the excitation source, the system captures fluorescence emission images in the blue, green, red, and far-red regions of the spectrum centered at 450, 550, 678, and 730 run, respectively, from a 30-cm-diameter target area in ambient light. Images of apples and of pork meat artificially contaminated with diluted animal feces have demonstrated the versatility of fluorescence imaging techniques for potential applications in food safety inspection. Regions of contamination, including sites that were not readily visible to the human eye, could easily be identified from the images. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 19 BP 3927 EP 3934 DI 10.1364/AO.42.003927 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 696RU UT WOS:000183901700031 PM 12868832 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR AF Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR TI Automated detection of fecal contamination of apples by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; OUTBREAK; CIDER; PATHOGENS; O157H7; JUICE AB Animal feces are a suspected source of contamination of apples by disease-causing organisms such as Escherichia coli O157. Laser-induced fluorescence was used to detect different amounts of feces from dairy cows, deer, and a dairy pasture applied to Red Delicious apples. One day after application, detection for 1:2 and 1:20 dilutions was nearly 100%, and for 1:200 dilutions (<15 ng of dry matter) detection was >80%. Detection after apples had been washed and brushed was lowest for pasture feces; detection for 1:2,1:20, and 1:200 dilutions of feces was 100%, 30%, and 0%, respectively. This technology may encourage development of commercial systems for detecting fecal contamination of apples. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alefcour@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 19 BP 3935 EP 3943 DI 10.1364/AO.42.003935 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 696RU UT WOS:000183901700032 PM 12868833 ER PT J AU Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK Howard, GL Warren, SD AF Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK Howard, GL Warren, SD TI Growth and nutrient content of herbaceous seedlings associated with biological soil crusts SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AMF; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; arid lands; Bromus tectorum; cryptogamic crusts; Elymus elymoides; Gaillardia pulchella; microphytic crusts; nutrient cycling; semiarid lands; Sphaeralcea munroana ID NITROGEN; PLANTS; CYANOBACTERIA; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; FIXATION; DYNAMICS; EROSION; PRAIRIE; DESERT AB Biological soil crusts of arid and semiarid lands contribute significantly to ecosystem stability by means of soil stabilization, nitrogen fixation, and improved growth and establishment of vascular plant species. In this study, we examined growth and nutrient content of Bromus tectorum, Elymus elymoides, Gaillardia pulchella, and Sphaeralcea munroana grown in soil amended with one of three levels of biological soil crust material: (1) a low-fertility sand collected near Moab, Utah; ( 2) sand amended with a 1-cm top layer of excised soil crust; and ( 3) crushed crust material. In addition, all plants were inoculated with spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices. Plants were harvested after 10 weeks growth, dried, weighed, and leaves were ground for nutrient analysis. Three aspects of root architecture were also quantified. Soil crust additions significantly affected nearly all variables examined. Both above- and below-ground vegetative biomass were significantly increased in the presence of crust material. Similarly, reproductive tissue of the three species that flowered was greatest in the crushed-crust medium. The effect of soil crust additions is likely due to the increased nitrogen content of the crusts. Nitrogen tissue content of all four species was greatly enhanced in crusted soils. All species showed a decline in root/shoot ratio and specific root length with crust additions, indicating a shift in plant allocation pattern in response to improved soil fertility. These data support other studies suggesting that soil crusts have a positive effect on the establishment and growth of associated vascular plant species. C1 USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Pendleton, RL (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM rpendleton@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1080/15324980301598 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 684ZD UT WOS:000183235600003 ER PT J AU Lee, LF Witter, RL Reddy, SM Wu, P Yanagida, N Yoshida, S AF Lee, LF Witter, RL Reddy, SM Wu, P Yanagida, N Yoshida, S TI Protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing multiple genes from Marek's disease virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; recombinant vaccine; fowl poxvirus; glycoprotein genes ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; CHICKENS; PROTEINS; EFFICACY; HOMOLOG; STRAIN AB Recombinant fowl poxviruses (rFPVs) were constructed to express genes from serotype I Marek's disease virus (MDV) coding for glycoproteins B, E, I, H, and UL32 (gB(1), gE, gI, gH, and UL32). An additional rFPV was constructed to contain four MDV genes (gB(1), gE, gI, and UL32). These rFPVs were evaluated for their ability to protect maternal antibody-positive chickens against challenge with highly virulent MDV isolates. The protection induced by a single rFPV/gB(1) (42%) confirmed our previous finding. The protection induced by rFPV/gI (43%), rFPV/gB(1)UL32 (46%), rFPV/gB(1)gEgI (72%), and rFPV/gB(1)gEgIUL32 (70%) contributed to additional knowledge on MDV genes involved in protective immunity. In contrast, the rFPV containing gE, gH, or UL32 did not induce significant protection compared with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). Levels of protection by rFPV/gB(1) and rFPV/gI were comparable with that of HVT. Only gB(1) and gI conferred synergism in rFPV containing these two genes. Protection by both rFPV/gB(1)gEgI (72%) and rFPV/gB(1)gEgIUL32(70%) against Marek's disease was significantly enhanced compared with a single gB(1) or gI gene (40%). This protective synergism between gB(1) and gI in rFPVs may be the basis for better protection when bivalent vaccines between serotypes 2 and 3 were used. When rFPV/gB(1)gIgEUL32 + HVT were used as vaccine against Md5 challenge, the protection was significantly enhanced (94%). This synergism between rFPV/gB(1)gIgEUL32 and HVT indicates additional genes yet to be discovered in HVT may be responsible for the enhancement. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1637/6073 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100005 PM 14562881 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR Tumpey, TM AF Kapczynski, DR Tumpey, TM TI Development of a virosome vaccine for Newcastle disease virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus; veterinary virology; virosome vaccine; chickens; immunology ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; SENDAI VIRUS; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; MASS VACCINATION; FOWLPOX VIRUS; GENE DELIVERY; F-PROTEIN AB In an effort to protect chickens against Newcastle disease (ND), a nonreplicating virosome vaccine was produced by solubilization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with Triton X-100 followed by detergent removal with SM2 Bio-Beads. Biochemical analysis indicated that the NDV virosomes had similar characteristics as the parent virus and contained both the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins. To target the respiratory tract, specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized intranasally and intratracheally with the NDV virosome vaccine. This vaccine was compared with a standard NDV (LaSota) live-virus vaccine for commercial poultry. Seroconversion (greater than or equal to four fold increase in hemagglutination inhibition [HI] antibody titers) was achieved in all birds vaccinated with the virosome vaccine. Upon lethal challenge with a velogenic NDV strain (Texas GB), all birds receiving either vaccination method were protected against death. Antibody levels against NDV, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HI titer, were comparable with either vaccine and increased after virus challenge. These results demonstrate the potential of virosomes as an effective tool for ND vaccination. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 578 EP 587 DI 10.1637/6082 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100008 PM 14562884 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Pope, CR Cloud, SS Rosenberger, JK AF Spackman, E Pope, CR Cloud, SS Rosenberger, JK TI The effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup J on broiler chicken performance and response to vaccination SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus subgroup J; broiler chickens; commercial poultry ID INVIVO CHARACTERIZATION; HPRS-103 STRAIN; UNITED-STATES; REOVIRUSES; INVITRO AB The effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection on meat-type chickens reared in a simulated commercial setting were evaluated. Each of three ALV-J isolates was evaluated with both simulated horizontal transmission (SHT) and simulated vertical transmission (SVT). Mortality, morbidity disease condemnations, and feed conversions were increased and body weights at processing were decreased in ALV-J infected birds as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. The adverse effects of ALV-J infection were more severe in birds exposed by SVT than in birds exposed by SHT. At 8 weeks of age response to vaccination for infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus or prior exposure to a pathogenic reovirus was assessed in the ALV-J and sham inoculated broiler chickens by challenge studies. Although not statistically significant, an overall trend of decreased protection to challenge after vaccination, or prior exposure, was observed in the ALV-J inoculates as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. Differences in vaccine response were most evident in groups inoculated with ALV-J by the SVT route. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 618 EP 626 DI 10.1637/6091 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100013 PM 14562889 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Guard-Petter, J Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Guard-Petter, J Holt, PS TI Effect of prior serial in vivo passage on the frequency of Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs from experimentally infected laying hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; egg contamination; in vivo passage ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPE-4; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; CHICKENS; MEMBRANE; LAID; PH; CONSEQUENCES; INOCULATION AB Experimental infection models are valuable tools for understanding and preventing the deposition of Salmonella enteritidis inside eggs. Oral inoculation is believed to closely simulate naturally occurring S. enteritidis infections of chickens, but oral infection studies have often generated relatively low frequencies of egg contamination. The present study assessed whether repeated in vivo passage of an S. enteritidis strain could affect its ability to cause egg contamination in experimentally infected hens. The incidence of egg contamination was determined in groups of hens inoculated orally with either a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain or derivatives of this parent strain that were obtained by three successive rounds of passage and reisolation from tissues of infected hens. Passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from ovaries and oviducts induced a significantly higher incidence of egg contamination (16.97%) than was attributed to the parent strain (8.27%). However, passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from livers and spleens were not associated with a significantly increased frequency of deposition in eggs. By either inducing or selecting for the expression of relevant microbial properties, passage of S. enteritidis through reproductive tissues of chickens may be useful for improving the efficiency at which experimental infection models produce egg contamination. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1637/6098 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100015 PM 14562891 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Gast, RK Kelly-Aehle, S AF Holt, PS Gast, RK Kelly-Aehle, S TI Use of a live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine to protect hens against Salmonella enteritidis infection while undergoing molt SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE stress; induced molt; vaccination ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; LAYING HENS; CHICKENS; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY AB Previous studies demonstrated that Salmonella enteritidis infections in hens undergoing molt via feed withdrawal were more severe than in full fed hens. We conducted two trials to determine if immunizing specific-pathogen-free, Salmonella-culture-negative hens via aerosol exposure to MeganVac1(TM), a commercially available attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine, would reduce transmission of S. enteritidis from infected hens to uninfected but contact-exposed hens during a molt. In trial 1, one group of hens received two aerosol doses of vaccine 2 wk apart whereas a second group of hens remained nonvaccinated. In trial 2, the vaccinated group received only one dose of vaccine. Two weeks after the final immunization, feed was removed from all the hens, and on day 4, the center hen in rows of 11 hens received a dose of 3 x 10(5) (trial 1) or 1.3 x 10(6) (trial 2). Transmission to the unchallenged hens was followed 3, 10, 17, and 24 days later. Vaccination reduced the horizontal spread of S. enteritidis in vaccinated hens compared with their nonvaccinated counterparts, with vaccinated hens shedding significantly less S. enteritidis on day 10 postchallenge in trial 1 and on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 in trial 2. Recovery of S. enteritidis from ovaries was significantly reduced in the vaccinated hens in trial 1 and from livers/spleens, ovaries, and cecum in trial 2. These studies indicate that immunization of hens with a live S. typhimurium vaccine could help reduce S. enteritidis problems during a molt situation. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. MeganHlth Inc, St Louis, MO 63114 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1637/7002 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100018 PM 14562894 ER PT J AU Craven, SE Cox, NA Bailey, JS Cosby, DE AF Craven, SE Cox, NA Bailey, JS Cosby, DE TI Incidence and tracking of Clostridium perfringens through an integrated broiler chicken operation SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; broiler chickens; breeders; hatchery; grow out; processing plant AB Clostridium perfringens has been shown to be widespread in the broiler chicken hatchery, grow-out, and processing operations. In a previous study, ribotypes of certain strains of C. perfringens isolated from processed chicken carcasses were shown to match ribotypes isolated from paper pad lining trays used to transport commercial chicks from the hatchery to the grow-out facility on the farm. These results suggest that C. perfringens contaminating the processed product could originate from facilities in the integrated poultry operation prior to grow out. In this study, samples were collected from the breeder farm, hatchery, previous grow-out flock, during grow out and after processing. In the first trial, C. perfringens was recovered from the breeder farms, the hatchery, previous grow-out flock, grow-out flock at 3 weeks of age, grow-out flock at 5 weeks of age, from processed carcasses, and from the breeder farm after processing in 4%, 30%, 4%, 0%, 2% and 16%, and 4% of the samples, respectively. In the second trial, the incidence of C. perfringens in samples collected from breeder farms, the hatchery, previous grow-out flock, grow-out flock at 3 weeks of age, grow-out flock at 5 weeks of age, and from processed carcasses was 38%, 30%, 32%, 8%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. The genetic relatedness of the isolated strains as determined by ribotyping suggests that C. perfringens may be transmitted between facilities within the integrated broiler chicken operation. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Craven, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 707 EP 711 DI 10.1637/6010 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100024 PM 14562900 ER PT J AU Bearson, SMD Collier, SD Bearson, BL Branton, SL AF Bearson, SMD Collier, SD Bearson, BL Branton, SL TI Induction of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum pMGA gene in the chicken tracheal ring organ culture model SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; tracheal ring organ culture; transposon mutagenesis; beta-galactosidase ID RESISTANCE TRANSPOSON TN4001; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; MULTIGENE FAMILY; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; VECTORS AB Genetic and molecular methods to investigate the pathogenesis of the poultry respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum are quite limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design and evaluate a functional genomics approach to identify M. gallisepticum genes involved in colonization of the poultry respiratory tract. To serve as a transcriptional reporter, a promoterless lacZ gene from Escherichia coli was cloned into the Tn4001 transposon. The transposon was used to randomly mutagenize the chromosome of the M. gallisepticum S6 strain, and a bank of 1386 transposon mutants containing lacZ fusions to mycoplasma chromosomal DNA was assembled. Each mycoplasma clone containing the lacZ reporter was independently screened in the chicken tracheal ring organ culture (TROC) model system for increased production of beta-galactosidase. A twofold or greater increase in beta-galactosidase was consistently observed for eight mutants. In one of the mutants, the transposon was inserted in a pMGA gene encoding a cell surface adhesin involved in hemagglutination. Therefore, these data indicate that screening of a M gallisepticum transposon reporter bank with a chicken TROC model is useful for the identification of genes induced during poultry colonization and virulence. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bearson, SMD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1637/6099 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100030 PM 14562906 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL Droleskey, RE Hume, ME Harvey, RB AF Ziprin, RL Droleskey, RE Hume, ME Harvey, RB TI Failure of viable nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni to colonize the cecum of newly hatched leghorn chicks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; viable nonculturable ID NON-CULTURABLE CAMPYLOBACTER; CELLS; MAINTENANCE; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL; RECOVERY; FORMS AB Campylobacter jejuni cells entered the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state upon suspension in sterile water. Cell viability was determined with tetrazolium violet. VBNC cells suspended in water for 7, 10, or 14 days were given, by gavage, to day-of-hatch leghorn chickens. The ceca of control and challenged birds were examined for the presence of campylobacteria by conventional microbiological methods at 1 wk and 2 wk after challenge inoculation and by polymerase chain reaction methods at 1 wk after challenge. We did not find culturable Campylobacter cells in the ceca. Neither was Campylobacter DNA found in cecal samples. Therefore, VBNC cells did not revert to the culturable colonizing form, nor did VBNC cells persist within the cecal environment. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1637/7015 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723CP UT WOS:000185415100032 PM 14562908 ER PT J AU McKeever, D AF McKeever, D TI Quantifying the flow - Taking inventory of woody residuals SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP McKeever, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 7 BP 31 EP + PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 705LN UT WOS:000184396700026 ER PT J AU Wineriter, SA Buckingham, GR Frank, JH AF Wineriter, SA Buckingham, GR Frank, JH TI Host range of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore (Hemiptera : Psyllidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae), under quarantine SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; Myrtaceae; Psyllidae; host range; Melaleuca; Boreioglycaspis ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; HOMOPTERA; ENDOSYMBIONTS; FLORIDA; ANTS AB Research on the natural enemies of the Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia, a dominant, adventive weed of wetland habitats in south Florida, USA began in the late 1970s. Since then host-range tests have been conducted in Australia and Florida on three insect species: a weevil, a sawfly, and a psyllid. Herein we discuss the host-range studies of the psyllid, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae conducted in quarantine in Florida. Tests showed that the host range is very narrow, limited to one Melaleuca species, M. quinquenervia. One time, a few psyllids developed on a different species, Callistemon (= Melaleuca) citrinus, broad-leaf form, but repeated efforts to rear it again failed. In its Australian homeland, R melaleucae has been collected on 5 closely related broad-leaved Melaleuca species including M. quinquenervia; it developed on 2 of 4 species tested, M. viridiflora (28%) and M. quinquenervia (37%). There was also 2% development on a 6th narrow-leaved Melaleuca species, M. nodosa. In the New World, there are no native Melaleuca species; in the United States, there is one introduced group, Callistemon (= Melaleuca), which is of commercial value and just one naturalized species, M. quinquenervia, which has no commercial value. Because of the near absence of Melaleuca species and B. melaleucae's narrow host range and ability to severely damage or kill M. quinquenervia, we concluded that field release of B. melaleucae in south Florida would be safe. The first releases were made in February 2002. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Florida Biol Control Lab, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wineriter, SA (reprint author), Florida Biol Control Lab, USDA ARS, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM tmozart@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu; grbuck@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu; jhf@ifas.ufl.edu NR 48 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 273 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00025-2 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 686UY UT WOS:000183340400005 ER PT J AU Reeve, JD Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA AF Reeve, JD Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA TI Artificial diet and rearing methods for Thanasimus dubius (Coleoptera : Cleridae), a predator of bark beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; biological control; Thanasimus dubius; Dendroctonus frontalis; Ips grandicollis; Callosobruchus maculatus ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; MERIDIC DIETS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICARIUS; PHEROMONES; FOREST AB Clerid beetles are common natural enemies of bark beetles, and could potentially be used as biological control agents if they could be reared in sufficient numbers. We developed an artificial diet devoid of insect components for rearing Thanasimus dubius (Fabricius), a clerid that attacks several economically important bark beetles in eastern North America. We reared larvae of this predator using the artificial diet, and then used either natural or factitious prey to feed the adults so produced. Two different methods of presenting the diet were also examined. We then compared the performance of T dubius reared on the artificial diet with newly-emerged wild individuals collected from the field. Our results suggest that adult predators reared on the diet are near in quality to wild ones, and high R-0 values can be obtained. No difference in prey preference was found between wild and diet-reared individuals after five generations in the laboratory. Sufficient numbers of predators could be generated using these techniques to permit limited field trials of augmentative biological control. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Reeve, JD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00021-5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 686UY UT WOS:000183340400009 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Lacey, LA AF Yee, WL Lacey, LA TI Stage-specific mortality of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera : Tephritidae) exposed to three species of Steinernema nematodes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema feltiae; Steinernema intermedium; entomopathogenic nematode; stage-specific mortality ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FELTIAE; TESTS AB Mortality of larval, pupal, and adult western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Tephritidae) exposed to the steinemematid nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema intermedium, was determined in the laboratory and field. Larvae were the most susceptible stage, with mortality in the three nematode treatments ranging from 62 to 100%. S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae were equally effective against larvae at both 50 and 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm(2). S. intermedium was slightly less effective against larvae than the other two species. Mortalities of R. indifferens larvae at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days following their introduction into soil previously treated with S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at 50IJs/cm(2) were 78.6, 92.5, 95.0, and 77.5% and 87.5, 52.5, 92.5, and 70.0%, respectively, and at 100IJs/cm(2) were 90.0, 92.0, 100.0, and 84.0% and 90.0, 50.0, 42.0, and 40.0%, respectively. There was no decline in mortality caused by S. carpocapsae as time progressed, whereas there was in one test with S. feltiae. Larval mortalities caused by the two species were the same in a 1: 1: 1 vermiculite:peat moss: sand soil mix and a more compact silt loam soil. In the field, S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae were equally effective against larvae. Pupae were not infected, but adult flies were infected by all three nematode species in the laboratory. S. carpocapsae was the most effective species at a concentration of 100IJs/cm(2) and infected 11-53% of adults that emerged. The high pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae against R. indifferens larvae and their persistence in soil as well as efficacy in different soil types indicate both nematodes hold promise as effective biological control agents of flies in isolated and abandoned lots or in yards of homeowners. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00029-X PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 686UY UT WOS:000183340400014 ER PT J AU Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Belnap, J Kitchen, SG Zak, JC Sobek, E Tracy, M Montante, J AF Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Belnap, J Kitchen, SG Zak, JC Sobek, E Tracy, M Montante, J TI Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halogeton glomeratus SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE krascheninnikovia lanata; Great Basin Desert; halogeton glomeratus; invasive plant species; soil chemistry modification; soil microbial communities ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; DESERT; COMMUNITIES; PLANTS AB Various biotic and abiotic components of soil ecology differed significantly across an area where Halogeton glomeratus is invading a native winterfat, [Krascheninnikovia (=Ceratoides) lanata] community. Nutrient levels were significantly different among the native, ecotone, and exotic-derived soils. NO3, P, K, and Na all increased as the cover of halogeton increased. Only Ca was highest in the winterfat area. A principal components analysis, conducted separately for water-soluble and exchangeable cations, revealed clear separation between halogeton- and winterfat-derived soils. The diversity of soil bacteria was highest in the exotic, intermediate in the ecotone, and lowest in the native community. Although further studies are necessary, our results offer evidence that invasion by halogeton alters soil chemistry and soil ecology, possibly creating conditions that favor halogeton over native plants. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Duda, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 6505 NE 65th, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0638-x PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 713VF UT WOS:000184878100002 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS AF He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS TI Enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus in extracts and resuspensions of swine manure and cattle manure SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE organic phosphorus; phosphatase; enzymatic hydrolysis; animal manure; phosphorus availability ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; ANIMAL MANURE; FRACTIONATION; PHYTASE; ACID; PHOSPHATASES; DEGRADATION; RELEASE; PLANTS; BARLEY AB Animal manure can be a valuable resource of P for plant growth. Organic phosphates (P-o) are considered bioavailable if they can be hydrolyzed to inorganic P (P-i). Therefore, investigation of the susceptibility of manure P-o to hydrolysis may increase our understanding of manure P-o bioavailability. In this study, we demonstrate that three orthophosphate-releasing enzymes, acid phosphatase from wheat germ, alkaline phosphatase from bovine intestinal mucosa, and fungal phytase from Aspergillus ficcum, were able to hydrolyze certain amounts of P-o in animal manure. A scheme of sequential enzymatic release of P-o in manure was developed and then used to investigate changes in swine and cattle manure P distribution after storage at -20degreesC, 4degreesC or 22degreesC for about a year. Assuming that the P distribution in manure maintained at -20degreesC remained unchanged (i.e., similar to fresh manure), bioavailable P (P-i and enzyme-hydrolysable P-o) in swine manure remained relatively constant [72.8-76.3% of total P (P-t)]. Soluble but enzymatically unhydrolysable P-o (P-ue) increased from 7.2% to 32.1% of Pt during storage at 4degreesC. In cattle manure, bioavailable P decreased from 71.6% to 62.9% of P-t, and P-ue increased from 21.7% to 37.2% of P-t during storage at 22degreesC. These data indicated that the major change during the storage of animal manure for a year was the increase in P-ue, so manure P solubility may increase with storage, but the increase would not produce more bioavailable P in the manure. The effects of storage on the bioavailability of manure P should be further investigated to develop an efficient manure-P management strategy. C1 ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0634-1 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 713VF UT WOS:000184878100003 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Senseman, SA Haney, RL AF Krutz, LJ Senseman, SA Haney, RL TI Effect of Roundup Ultra on atrazine degradation in soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE C mineralization; degradation; glyphosate; atrazine; soil microbial activity ID ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; NITROGEN; GLYPHOSATE; BIODEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; CARBON AB Tank mixing pesticides and the use of prepackaged mixtures have become common agricultural practices. However, pesticide degradation in multi-pesticide systems is rarely evaluated. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effect of Roundup Ultra on atrazine degradation in soil. Based on a 2-mm glyphosate-soil interaction depth, the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate was added to Aatrex-amended and non-amended soil at rates of 0, 1 (43 mg ai kg(-1)), 2, 3, 4, and 5x. Treatments were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 days. Atrazine degradation was significantly different among treatments at 8 days. In the Ox treatment (Aatrex only), 87% of the atrazine was degraded. During the same 8-day period, atrazine degradation in the 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5x treatments was 77%, 69%, 60%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Atrazine degradation approached 97% for all treatments after 12 days and statistical differences were no longer observed. Atrazine degradation was inversely correlated with Roundup Ultra rate and microbial activity at 8 (r(2) =0.97) and 12 days (r(2) =0.92). These results indicate that Roundup Ultra stimulated microbial activity while simultaneously inhibiting atrazine degradation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, So Plains Area, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0606-5 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 713VF UT WOS:000184878100009 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Walker, PN Chau, HK Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, ML Walker, PN Chau, HK Hotchkiss, AT TI Flash extraction of pectin from orange albedo by steam injection SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MACROMOLECULES AB Pectin was acid extracted from orange albedo by steam injection heating under pressure. Extraction times ranged from 2 to 6 min at a pressure of about 15 psi. Solubilized pectin was characterized by HPSEC with online light scattering and viscosity detection. Molar mass (M), radius of gyration (R-g), and intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) all decreased with increasing extraction time when heating temperature was 120 degreesC. At heating times of 3 min, M-w ranged from 4.9 to 4.5 x 10(5), R-gz was about 44 nm, and [eta](w) ranged from 8.4 to 7.9 dL/g. Chromatography revealed that solubilized pectin distributions were bimodal in nature at 3 min extraction time and trimodal when the extraction time was 6 min. Scaling law exponents obtained for the highest molar mass fractions were consistent with a very compact spherical structure. For the intermediate fraction, scaling law exponents were consistent with a less compact spherical structure comparable to a random coil. In the case of the low molar mass fractions, scaling law exponents were consistent with a structure more asymmetric in shape. These results are consistent with earlier results which indicated that pectin distributions were mixtures of two or more of the following due to disaggregation during extraction: spherical aggregates, hydrogen bonded network structures, and partially or fully disaggregated components of network structures which could include branched structures, rods, segmented rods, and kinked rods. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 4 IS 4 BP 880 EP 889 DI 10.1021/bm020122e PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 704VB UT WOS:000184360400004 PM 12857068 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Kirby, JD Froman, DP Lerner, SP Crouch, AN King, LM Donoghue, DJ Sonstegard, TS AF Donoghue, AM Kirby, JD Froman, DP Lerner, SP Crouch, AN King, LM Donoghue, DJ Sonstegard, TS TI Field testing the influence of sperm competition based on sperm mobility in breeder turkey toms SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOWL GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; SEMEN DONOR SELECTION; FERTILITY; INSEMINATION; PENETRATION; EFFICIENCY; CHICKENS; MOTILITY; LOCI AB 1. Commercial reproduction of turkeys relies on pooling of semen from multiple males for inseminations. Understanding how sperm characteristics influence paternity under commercial breeding conditions is important to improving production efficiency. 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate progeny production of individual toms following commercial practices of pooling semen to determine if sperm mobility influences progeny production in field conditions. 3. A total of 104 toms were evaluated for sperm mobility. A subset of 10 toms were housed together and semen was collected, pooled and used to inseminate hens (n = 28). Hens were inseminated at 30 weeks of age and weekly thereafter. 4. Ejaculates from each tom were evaluated on two separate days for sperm mobility. Semen from each tom was diluted and layered upon 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz(R) solution. The sperm suspension was incubated at 41degreesC for 5 min and absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer. 5. Toms were ranked by absorbance and categorised as high or low if mobility score was +/- 1 SD from the flock mean (average). 6. For parentage determination, DNA was extracted from tom, hen and poult blood. Poult parentage (n = 276) was determined at one day of age or at 14 weeks by analysis of marker genotypes that were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA with selected microsatellite markers. 7. Sperm mobility differed across males with absorbance values ranging from 0.147 to 0.366. 8. Findings demonstrate differences in poult production among individual toms when semen from multiple males was pooled and inseminated. Toms classified as high, average and low produced 55, 41 and 4% of the offspring, respectively. 9. It appears that sperm mobility is a trait that influences sperm competition among toms under field conditions where sperm numbers inseminated from individual toms are not controlled or constant and that toms with low sperm mobility produce few offspring. C1 ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. British United Turkeys Amer, Lewisburg, WV USA. ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, O-303, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1080/0007166031000085517 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 708PD UT WOS:000184576400022 PM 12964635 ER PT J AU Blum, M Harris, SS Must, A Naumova, EN Phillips, SM Rand, WM Dawson-Hughes, B AF Blum, M Harris, SS Must, A Naumova, EN Phillips, SM Rand, WM Dawson-Hughes, B TI Leptin, body composition and bone mineral density in premenopausal women SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone mass; body composition; percent fat; leptin ID CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN GIRLS; NORMAL POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT MASS; ADOLESCENT GROWTH; LUMBAR SPINE; RISK-FACTORS; VITAMIN-D; MENARCHE; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Body weight is known to be associated with bone mass, however, it is unclear whether body composition, as reflected by the percent of total weight that is fat tissue (%fat), is associated with bone mass independently of weight. Fat tissue is metabolically active, and hormonal factors may mediate an association of %fat with bone mass. Leptin, a hormone produced in fat tissue, has recently been shown to be inversely related to bone mass in mice, but whether it is related to human bone mass is uncertain. We sought to investigate the associations of %fat and of serum leptin concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of 153 premenopausal women. BMD measurements of the total hip, lumbar spine and total body as well as body composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum leptin levels were established using a commercial competitive binding assay. Individually, body weight, %fat and leptin were each positively associated with BMD at all three sites. However, when we examined BMD either as a function of both body weight and %fat together, or as a function of both body weight and leptin together, we found that for a given body weight, BMD appeared to be inversely associated with %fat and similarly appeared to be inversely associated with leptin. When BMD was examined as a function of %fat and leptin together, we found that for a given %fat, leptin appeared to be inversely associated with BMD. In summary, the results of this study suggest that for a given body weight, a higher proportion of fat and a higher serum leptin concentration have negative associations with bone mass in premenopausal women. C1 Tufts Univ, Calcium & Metab Bone Lab, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blum, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Calcium & Metab Bone Lab, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 NR 31 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s00223-002-1019-4 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 701TM UT WOS:000184185100006 PM 14506951 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Thurow, RF Rieman, BE Dunham, JB AF Isaak, DJ Thurow, RF Rieman, BE Dunham, JB TI Temporal variation in synchrony among chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd counts from a wilderness area in central Idaho SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; COLUMBIA-RIVER; BULL TROUT; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NERKA STOCKS; PATTERNS; STREAMS; COVARIATION AB Metapopulation dynamics have emerged as a key consideration in conservation planning for salmonid fishes. Implicit to many models of spatially structured populations is a degree of synchrony, or correlation, among populations. We used a spatially and temporally extensive database of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd counts from a wilderness area in central Idaho to examine patterns in synchrony as these fish underwent a sixfold decrease in abundance. Our results suggested that populations became strongly synchronous as abundances decreased and that the range, or diversity of correlations, exhibited among populations also decreased. These changes indicate that the likelihood of simultaneous extirpations has increased, which could have long-term detrimental consequences for metapopulation persistence. Implications for management are that the resilience of many metapopulations to large-scale disturbance and anthropogenic suppression may not depend solely on attempts to maintain large and productive component populations, but also on efforts to desynchronize populations that have become strongly correlated. Such efforts could entail promoting the existence of a broad distribution and diversity of habitats that support a wide array of life-history forms and ensuring that some habitats are sufficiently spatially disjunct so that risks from catastrophic stochastic events are minimized. C1 Univ Idaho, Ecohydraul Res Grp, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83712 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Forest Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ecohydraul Res Grp, Dept Civil Engn, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 200, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 61 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 7 BP 840 EP 848 DI 10.1139/F03-073 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 719QP UT WOS:000185215700008 ER PT J AU Lynch, AM AF Lynch, AM TI Comparison of fixed-area plot designs for estimating stand characteristics and western spruce budworm damage in southwestern USA forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY RATIO TEST; SAMPLING PLANS; SIZE; PRECISION AB Various sampling designs were evaluated using data on stand density, stocking, mortality, and top kill, as influenced by the western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) in 17 stands in New Mexico and Colorado. Efficiency improved as plot size decreased from 0.04 to 0.02 ha for all variables and sampling designs, except for 0.01-ha plots, which required extremely large sample sizes and were subject to bias. Cluster designs were much more efficient than simple random sampling designs, allowing twice the reduction in sample size than was gained by relaxing the allowable error from 10 to 15%. Clusters of two plots were as precise as clusters of three plots. Of the four variables evaluated, density required the largest sample sizes, followed by stocking, percent mortality (for stands where mortality exceeded 10%), and top kill. Few plots were necessary to ascertain that mortality was less than 10%. On average, 10 pairs of 0.02-ha plots would estimate density, stocking, and mortality within a 10% allowable error. A field check of density and stocking variables is recommended, and additional samples are suggested in stands with large percent standard errors associated with those variables. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lynch, AM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1245 EP 1255 DI 10.1139/X03-044 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 701GD UT WOS:000184159100009 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Ferguson, DE AF Youngblood, A Ferguson, DE TI Changes in needle morphology of shade-tolerant seedlings after partial overstory canopy removal SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT ENVIRONMENT; EFFICIENT METHOD; PICEA-GLAUCA; ACCLIMATION; FIR; REGENERATION; FORESTS; PLANTS AB Recent studies with early-successional conifers have shown a correlation between changes in light regimes and changes in needle morphology. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that needles of late-successional conifers also respond to increased irradiance. We compared needle morphology of three co-occurring conifers, grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.). Morphological characteristics were examined for 4 years across three light environments: (1) open-canopy stands with 64% transmittance, (2) stands with 63% transmittance after a partial overstory removal treatment, and (3) closed-canopy stands with 29% transmittance. Needle width and length differed by year, but not by light environment. Mean stomatal density differed across years for all three species and increased with increasing irradiance for subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce. The number of mesophyll layers and the size of individual palisade mesophyll cells did not differ among the different light environments. The number of epidermis cell layers in each species was insensitive to changes in light environment and time. Our results indicate that these three conifers were unable to morphologically adapt their needles to an increase in light transmission caused by the partial removal of overstory canopies. C1 Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1315 EP 1322 DI 10.1139/X03-060 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 701GD UT WOS:000184159100016 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ Packard, KC Liu, CM AF Zhang, LJ Packard, KC Liu, CM TI A comparison of estimation methods for fitting Weibull and Johnson's S-B distributions to mixed spruce-fir stands in northeastern North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EVEN-AGED STANDS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; 3-PARAMETER WEIBULL; PARAMETERS; PERCENTILE; MODELS AB Four commonly used estimation methods were employed to fit the three-parameter Weibull and Johnson's S-B distributions to the tree diameter distributions of natural pure and mixed red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) - balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands, respectively, in northeastern North America. The results indicated that the Weibull and the Johnson's S-B distributions were, in general, equally suitable for modeling the diameter frequency distributions of this forest type, but the relative performance directly depended on the estimation method used. In this study, the linear regression methods for Johnson's S-B were found to give the lowest mean Reynolds' error indices. The conditional maximum likelihood for Johnson's S-B and the maximum likelihood estimation for Weibull produced comparable results. However, moment- or mode-based methods were not well suited to the observed diameter distributions that were typically positively skewed, reverse-J, and mound shapes. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Zhang, LJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1340 EP 1347 DI 10.1139/X03-054 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 701GD UT WOS:000184159100020 ER PT J AU Willson, MF De Santo, TL Sieving, KE AF Willson, MF De Santo, TL Sieving, KE TI Red squirrels and predation risk to bird nests in northern forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; EGGS; CROSSBILLS; BEHAVIOR; CONIFERS; SURVIVAL; REMOVAL; TIME AB Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) are important predators on bird nests in northern conifer forests, band previous work has shown that nest density of understory birds is low in these forests compared with deciduous forest. Here, we examine the relationships between the risk of squirrel predation and nest distribution at a smaller, within-habitat scale using both experimental and comparative studies. Female squirrels depredated experimental nests more quickly than males in interior forests near the Yukon-British Columbia border, but after 2 weeks, there was no difference in the percentage of nests depredated by males and females. The density of squirrels and the risk of experimental nest predation increased but the index of natural nest density did not decrease with the density of cone-bearing Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees in coastal conifer forests of Southeast Alaska. Experimental nests in successional deciduous stands had high risks of predation, in part because squirrels occupied small stands of colonizing spruces in the deciduous matrix and foraged widely in the deciduous stands. In the experimental study site, natural nests occurred at similar densities both next to and away from squirrel-occupied spruce stands, but in other areas, there was a "halo" of low nest density in deciduous vegetation next to spruce stands. Overall, there was little evidence that, within habitats, birds chose nest sites that minimized the risk of squirrel predation. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Willson, MF (reprint author), 5230 Terrace Pl, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. OI Sieving, Kathryn/0000-0002-0849-8101 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1202 EP 1208 DI 10.1139/Z03-096 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 727TY UT WOS:000185678000011 ER PT J AU Vigiak, O Sterk, G Warren, A Hagen, LJ AF Vigiak, O Sterk, G Warren, A Hagen, LJ TI Spatial modeling of wind speed around windbreaks SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Wind Erosion on Agricultural Land CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2001 CL THETFORD, ENGLAND DE windbreak; Wind Erosion Prediction System; GIS; wind speed reduction; wind erosion ID WINDSPEED REDUCTION; FLOW; SHELTER; EROSION; SIMULATION; POROSITY AB This paper presents a model to integrate windbreak shelter effects into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The GIS procedure incorporates the 1999 version windbreak sub-model of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS). Windbreak shelter is modeled in terms of friction velocity reduction, which is a function of wind speed and direction, distance from the barrier, windbreak height, porosity, width, and orientation. A first application of the model was conducted at a study area with an extensive windbreak network in England (Thetford, East Anglia). Windbreak characteristics (windbreak type, height, width, porosity, and location) were recorded. Porosity was estimated from digitized B/W silhouettes. To evaluate the network effectiveness, a windbreak network shelter index (SI) was proposed in terms of average reduction of friction velocity over the area due to network shelter. The network was found to give good protection, but the windbreak distribution was not optimal in relation to the wind vector distribution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Eros & Soil & Water Conservat Grp, NL-6709 PA Wageningen, Netherlands. UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1H 0AP, England. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Vigiak, O (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Eros & Soil & Water Conservat Grp, Nieuwe Kanaal 11, NL-6709 PA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM Olga.Vigiak@wur.nl NR 22 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(03)00018-3 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 692DP UT WOS:000183645700007 ER PT J AU Guo, G Jackson, DS Graybosch, RA Parkhurst, AM AF Guo, G Jackson, DS Graybosch, RA Parkhurst, AM TI Wheat tortilla quality: Impact of amylose content adjustments using waxy wheat flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEXTURAL PROPERTIES; RAPID METHOD; STARCH; NOODLES; GLUTEN; GELATINIZATION; BREADMAKING; DOUGH AB Amylose content is closely related to wheat flour pasting or thermal properties, and thus affects final food qualities. Fourteen flour blends with amylose content ranges of <1 to 29% were used to study tortilla production and quality parameters. Reduced amylose contents decreased dough stickiness and pliability; low amylose doughs were also very smooth in appearance. Very low flour amylose content was associated with earlier tortilla puffing and poor machinability during baking, darker color, low opacity, larger diameters, and reduced flexibility after storage. Tortilla texture analysis indicated that lowering amylose content gave fresh tortillas higher extensibility; after three or more days storage, however, low amylose flours required more force to break the tortillas and the rupture distances became shorter. These results, as reflected in covariate analysis, were not significantly affected by the flour blend's protein content, swelling volume/power, SDS-sedimentation volume, mixograph dough development time, or mixograph tolerance score. Based on our observation of an initial increase in extensibility with reduced-amylose tortillas, adding 10-20% waxy flour into wild-type flours should be ideal for restaurant (on-site) tortilla production or circumstances where tortillas are consumed shortly (within a day) after production. The optimal flour amylose content for hot-press wheat tortilla products is 24-26%. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Jackson, DS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM djackson1@unl.edu RI Jackson, David/C-1120-2009 OI Jackson, David/0000-0002-0755-2540 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.4.427 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700LA UT WOS:000184112400012 ER PT J AU Guo, G Jackson, DS Graybosch, RA Parkhurst, AM AF Guo, G Jackson, DS Graybosch, RA Parkhurst, AM TI Asian salted noodle quality: Impact of amylose content adjustments using waxy wheat flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; COMMON WHEAT; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; ORIENTAL NOODLES; JAPANESE NOODLES; STARCH GELATINIZATION; SWELLING POWER; RAPID METHOD; WX PROTEIN; WHITE AB Fourteen flour blends of two natural wild-type wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flours, 'Nuplains' and 'Centura', blended with one waxy flour sample were characterized and processed to Asian salted noodles. The flour amylose content range was <1-29%. Damaged starch contents were 10.4, 7.0, and 6.6% for the waxy wheat, Nuplains, and Centura, respectively. The waxy flour farinograph water absorption was as high as 79.5%, approximate to20% higher than the wild-type flours. Because two types of starch granules (wild-type and waxy) existed in the flour blends, two peaks at 82degreesC (waxy) and 95degreesC (wild-type) were found in the RVA pasting curves. Reduced amylose content caused high flour swelling volume and power and low falling number. Significant effects of flour amylose content on noodle processing and textural (eating) qualities were found in the study. Noodle qualities, as reflected in covariate analysis, were not significantly affected by the flour blend's protein content, SDS-sedimentation volume, mixograph dough development time, or mixograph tolerance score. The absence of covariate (protein quantity and quality) effects for the food system (flour) used in this study is a very desirable design for the functional studies of starch components. The optimal flour amylose content range for Asian salted noodle products was 21-24%. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Jackson, DS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Jackson, David/C-1120-2009 OI Jackson, David/0000-0002-0755-2540 NR 69 TC 33 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.4.437 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700LA UT WOS:000184112400013 ER PT J AU Bergman, CJ Xu, Z AF Bergman, CJ Xu, Z TI Genotype and environment effects on tocopherol, tocotrienol, and gamma-oryzanol contents of Southern US rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; BRAN OIL; COMPONENTS; EXTRACTION; HAMSTERS AB Rice bran contains phytochemicals such as E vitamers (i.e., tocopherols and tocotrienols) and the gamma-oryzanol fraction that reportedly may have positive effects on human health. Brown rice, rice bran, and rice bran extracts are therefore attractive candidates for use in the development of functional foods. The objectives of this project were to quantify the effects of genetics versus environment on the tocopherol, tocotrienol, and gamma-oryzanol contents of Southern U.S. rice and to determine associations between the levels of these phytochemicals. Seven rice cultivars grown in four states during two years were studied. Averaged across all samples, the content of alpha-tocotrienol > gamma-tocotrienol > alpha-tocopherol > gamma-tocopherol, and the tocopherols and tocotrienols were 27.5 and 72.5% of the total E vitamer content, respectively. Total E vitamer content ranged from 179 to 389 mg/kg and gamma-oryzanol from 2,510 to 6,864 mg/kg, A low correlation between total E vitamer and gamma-oryzanol contents suggests that to obtain rice bran with high levels of both of these fractions, new cultivars would need to be produced using hybridization and selection. In general, growing environment had a greater effect on E vitamer and gamma-oryzanol levels than did genotype. Therefore, rice breeders selecting genotypes with optimized levels of E vitamers and gamma-oryzanol will need to grow their breeding material in multiple years and locations. C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bergman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 29 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 446 EP 449 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.4.446 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700LA UT WOS:000184112400014 ER PT J AU Goffman, FD Bergman, C AF Goffman, FD Bergman, C TI Hydrolytic degradation of triacylglycerols and changes in fatty acid composition in rice bran during storage SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Hydrolytic rancidity makes rice bran unsuitable for human consumption, restricting its use to animal feed. To better understand this lipolytic process, bran from rice cultivars 'Cypress' and 'Earl' differing in oil concentration (23.5 and 18.3 mg of triacylglycerol/100 mg of bran, respectively) was stored at room temperature for five months, and the changes in triacylglycerol content and fatty acid composition, as well as the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) were followed. The decomposition of triacylglycerols displayed a decay pattern, with Cypress showing a more elevated degradation rate when compared with Earl. At day 36, both lines reached the same oil concentration, but the triacylglycerol decomposition in Cypress was still higher, indicating that oil concentration may not be a significant factor affecting the intensity of the rancidity process. The higher degradation rate observed in Cypress was apparently caused by higher lipase activity, which was 26% higher (P < 0.001). Fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols changed during storage, the palmitic acid percentage was similarly reduced in both lines to approximate to80% of its initial concentration. Oleic and linoleic acids remained almost unmodified or slightly increased. The final content of FFA was approximate to68% higher in Cypress than in Earl (P < 0.001). In conclusion, lipase activity appears to be an important factor determining the intensity of the hydrolytic process, but further research is required to confirm this conjecture. If this hypothesis is verified, a selection for lower lipase activity could be useful for increasing rice bran stability. C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Goffman, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 459 EP 461 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.4.459 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700LA UT WOS:000184112400017 ER PT J AU Wesley, IJ Osborne, BG Anderssen, RS Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA AF Wesley, IJ Osborne, BG Anderssen, RS Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA TI Chemometric localization approach to NIR measurement of apparent amylose content of ground wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; RICE; SPECTROSCOPY; QUALITY; FLOUR; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION AB The development of new wheat cultivars that target specific end-uses, such as low or zero amylose contents of partially waxy and waxy wheats, has become a modem focus of wheat breeding. But for efficient and cost-effective breeding, inexpensive and high-throughput quality testing procedures, such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, are required. The genetic nature of a set of wheat lines, which included waxy to nonwaxy cultivars, results in a bimodal distribution of amylose contents that presents some special challenges for the formulation of stable NIR calibrations for this property. The obvious and intuitive solution lies in the use of some form of localization procedure and we explored three localization algorithms in comparison with the default partial least squares. Localization with respect to the waxy (zero amylose) cultivars resulted in a modified partial least squares calibration with a standard error of prediction of 0.16%. The results establish unambiguously that there are advantages in performing a suitable localization to achieve a reliable NIR calibration and prediction. The accuracy of the method can also be enhanced by application of an appropriate resampling strategy. In addition, there are advantages in performing a suitable localization to achieve a reliable NIR calibration-prediction. It resolves the issue of how to utilize the bimodal distribution of apparent amylose values. The best results are obtained when the localization is performed simultaneously with respect to the sample property under investigation and the NIR spectra. The key problem with the measurement of amylose is the laboratory reference method which, in reality, only measures the apparent amylose content of the wheat. As a direct consequence, the measurements of amylose have such a large error that traditional calibration-prediction procedures generate unacceptable results. To resolve this difficulty, a statistically based resampling strategy is proposed as a method of identifying samples where there is a large error in the reference measurement. C1 BRI Australia Ltd, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. CSIRO, Math & Informat Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wesley, IJ (reprint author), BRI Australia Ltd, POB 7, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. RI Anderssen, Robert/E-7358-2010 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.4.462 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700LA UT WOS:000184112400018 ER PT J AU Honson, N Johnson, MA Oliver, JE Prestwich, GD Plettner, E AF Honson, N Johnson, MA Oliver, JE Prestwich, GD Plettner, E TI Structure-activity studies with pheromone-binding proteins of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article DE binding assay; fluorescence; insect; odorant; olfaction; signal attenuation; synergy; transport ID BOMBYX-MORI; ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; CHEMOSENSORY PROTEIN; MAMESTRA-BRASSICAE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RECEPTOR NEURONS; SILKWORM MOTH; NUN MOTH; ENANTIOMERS; SILKMOTH AB Pheromone olfaction in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, involves accurate distinction of compounds with similar structure and polarity The identified sex pheromone is (7R, 8S)-2-methyl-7,8-epoxyoctadecane, 1a, and a known antagonist is (7Z)-2-methyloctadec-7-ene, 4a. The first step in pheromone olfaction is binding of odorants by small, soluble pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), found in the pheromone-sensing hairs. We have studied the molecular determinants recognized by the two PBPs found in the gypsy moth, using three pheromone/PBP binding assays. Results indicate that (i) PBPs bind analogs of the pheromone with some discrimination; (ii) PBPs experience enhancement of binding when presented with 1a or its enantiomer and 4a simultaneously; and (iii) the binding enhancement is also seen at high ligand:PBP ratios. We found no evidence of allostery, so the synergistic binding effects and the concentration effect may only be explained by multimerization of PBPs with each other, which leads to more than one population of binding sites. We suggest that the enhanced ligand binding at high ligand:PBP ratios may serve to sequester excess ligand and thereby attenuate very strong signals. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Med Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Plettner, E (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 6 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1093/chemse/28.6.479 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 714WC UT WOS:000184935600003 PM 12907585 ER PT J AU Olson, DM Rains, GC Meiners, T Takasu, K Tertuliano, M Tumlinson, JH Wackers, FL Lewis, WJ AF Olson, DM Rains, GC Meiners, T Takasu, K Tertuliano, M Tumlinson, JH Wackers, FL Lewis, WJ TI Parasitic wasps learn and report diverse chemicals with unique conditionable behaviors SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article DE behavior; learning; Microplitis croceipes; olfaction ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; PLANT VOLATILES; DISCRIMINATION; BRACONIDAE; INFORMATION; CRESSON AB Parasitoids exploit numerous chemical cues to locate hosts and food. Whether they detect and learn chemicals foreign to their natural history has not been explored. We show that the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes can associate, with food or hosts, widely different chemicals outside their natural foraging encounters. When learned chemicals are subsequently detected, this parasitoid manifests distinct behaviors characteristic with expectations of food or host, commensurate with prior training. This flexibility of parasitoids to rapidly link diverse chemicals to resource needs and subsequently report them with recognizable behaviors offers new insights into their foraging adaptability, and provides a model for further dissection of olfactory learning related processes. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Management & Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol Angew Zool Oekol Tiere, D-12163 Berlin, Germany. Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, NIOO CTO, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. RP Lewis, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Management & Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 6 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1093/chemse/28.6.545 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 714WC UT WOS:000184935600010 PM 12907592 ER PT J AU Madhusudhan, KT Counts, C Lody, C Carter, O Dodson, S Ojha, N AF Madhusudhan, KT Counts, C Lody, C Carter, O Dodson, S Ojha, N TI Comparative in vitro activity of three fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates by E test SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE E test; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial susceptibility ID ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; MORAXELLA-CATARRHALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL-RESISTANCE; TREATMENT STRATEGIES; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The in vitro susceptibility of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against several gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates was tested by E test. We found that the MIC50 and MIC90 values against all members of the Enterobacteriaceae family except Serratia were <0.5 mg/l for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (MIC range 0.006-32 mg/l) based on the in vitro susceptibility data. The susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were more than 85% for Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae, although Serratia and Acinetobacter exhibited more or less similar susceptibility rates (about 80%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated significant resistance to fluoroquinolones (MIC90 >32 mg/l) and decreased bactericidal rates (<65%) to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were highly susceptible (100%) to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. The ineffectiveness of fluoroquinolones for treating coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was demonstrated by poor in vitro susceptibility rates with levofloxacin (52%) and moxifloxacin (57%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci demonstrated significantly decreased bactericidal rates to levofloxacin (21%), while the in vitro susceptibility to moxifloxacin was higher (66%) than that to levofloxacin. We propose that the beneficial effect of inclusion of any of these three fluoroquinolones in treating Enterococcus infections is marginal, as demonstrated by significantly reduced susceptibility rates (<32%). These data demonstrate the utility of fluoroquinoles to treat several gram-negative bacterial infections (with the exception of Acinetobacter and P. aeruginosa), as well as S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Biotechnol Immunol & Diagnost Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Pathol & Lab Med Div, Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pathol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Madhusudhan, KT (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Biotechnol Immunol & Diagnost Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PD JUL PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1159/000071142 PG 5 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 709TE UT WOS:000184639800005 PM 12886053 ER PT J AU Fagre, DB Peterson, DL Hessl, AE AF Fagre, DB Peterson, DL Hessl, AE TI Taking the pulse of mountains: Ecosystem responses to climatic variability SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-ALPINE MEADOWS; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE; USA; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; FORESTS AB An integrated program of ecosystem modeling and field studies in the mountains of the Pacific Northwest ( U. S. A.) has quantified many of the ecological processes affected by climatic variability. Paleoecological and contemporary ecological data in forest ecosystems provided model parameterization and validation at broad spatial and temporal scales for tree growth, tree regeneration and treeline movement. For subalpine tree species, winter precipitation has a strong negative correlation with growth; this relationship is stronger at higher elevations and west-side sites ( which have more precipitation). Temperature affects tree growth at some locations with respect to length of growing season ( spring) and severity of drought at drier sites ( summer). Furthermore, variable but predictable climate-growth relationships across elevation gradients suggest that tree species respond differently to climate at different locations, making a uniform response of these species to future climatic change unlikely. Multi-decadal variability in climate also affects ecosystem processes. Mountain hemlock growth at high-elevation sites is negatively correlated with winter snow depth and positively correlated with the winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. At low elevations, the reverse is true. Glacier mass balance and fire severity are also linked to PDO. Rapid establishment of trees in subalpine ecosystems during this century is increasing forest cover and reducing meadow cover at many subalpine locations in the western U. S. A. and precipitation ( snow depth) is a critical variable regulating conifer expansion. Lastly, modeling potential future ecosystem conditions suggests that increased climatic variability will result in increasing forest fire size and frequency, and reduced net primary productivity in drier, east-side forest ecosystems. As additional empirical data and modeling output become available, we will improve our ability to predict the effects of climatic change across a broad range of climates and mountain ecosystems in the northwestern U. S. A. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM dan_fagre@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 282 DI 10.1023/A:1024427803359 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693EE UT WOS:000183702700013 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY Sun, LL Mahalingam, S Weise, DR AF Zhou, XY Sun, LL Mahalingam, S Weise, DR TI Thermal particle image velocity estimation of fire plume flow SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire; velocity; temperature; TPIV ID CROWN FIRES; VORTICES; SPREAD AB For the purpose of studying wildfire spread in living vegetation such as chaparral in California, a thermal particle image velocity (TPIV) algorithm for nonintrusively measuring flame gas velocities through thermal infrared (IR) imagery was developed. By tracing thermal particles in successive digital IR images, the TPIV algorithm can estimate the velocity field in a fire-plume flow. In this method, the thermal particle is assumed to be a virtual particle that corresponds to the "hot" pixel resolved in a digital image. Its signal is a temperature value measured by a thermal IR camera. Fire-plume experiments using alcohol and chamise ( Adenostoma fasciculatum ) as fuels and a computational simulation have been completed. A thermal IR camera was used to capture successive fire temperature images. Using these images, velocity fields were estimated by the TPIV algorithm. For numerical simulation, the computed detailed instantaneous velocity field was used to validate the field estimated by the TPIV algorithm. Results illustrate the applicability and performance of the TPIV algorithm in fire research. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Engn Mech, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Fire Lab, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Mahalingam, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Engn Mech, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Mahalingam, Shankar/K-6746-2015; OI Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 175 IS 7 BP 1293 EP 1316 DI 10.1080/00102200390203017 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 690UG UT WOS:000183567900005 ER PT J AU Xu, WW Pollak, L Bynum, ED AF Xu, WW Pollak, L Bynum, ED TI Tropical x temperate germplasm resistant to corn earworm (Lepidoptera : noctuidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; Helicoverpa zea; gernplasm; plant resistance; Zea mays ID MAIZE SILKS; FOOD CORN; BIOLOGY; DAMAGE; MAYSIN AB Corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a major economic pest of corn both in the US and worldwide. The primary means of controlling CEW on corn is to use host plant resistance because chemical control is costly and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to identify new sources of CEW resistance genes from the Germplasm, Enhancement of Maize (GEM) germplasm with either 25% or 50% tropical background. Seventy-three GEM breeding crosses plus three check hybrids (Pioneer hybrids 3223 and 34K77 and B73 x Mo17) were evaluated in Lubbock, Texas in 1999 and 2000. Significant differences in ear penetration by larvae, ear length, ratio of ear penetration to ear length, and grain mold were found among the genotypes. Over the 2 years BVIR103:S04, DKXL380:S08a, DKB830:S19, GUAT209:N19, and CUBA117:S15 had the lowest CEW damage and may be new sources of CEW resistance. Grain mold was positively related to CEW damage. The breeding crosses with 50% tropical background had significantly lower CEW damage, less grain mold, and longer ears than those with 25% tropical background or the check hybrids. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Xu, WW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Route 3,Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00069-3 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 697LC UT WOS:000183943600007 ER PT J AU Franco, J Crossa, J Taba, S Shands, H AF Franco, J Crossa, J Taba, S Shands, H TI A multivariate method for classifying cultivars and studying group x environment x trait interaction SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHIFTED MULTIPLICATIVE MODEL; GENETIC-RESOURCES; RANK-CHANGE; MAIZE; TRIALS AB Classification methods are used in genetic resource conservation and plant breeding. The two-stage Ward-Modified Location Model (Ward-MLM) clustering strategy defines initial groups by the Ward method and the MLM is then used to improve those groups. The three-way clustering strategy considers the same trait measured in different environments as different variables (environment-trait combination), so that the resulting dusters of cultivars have a small group X environment interaction (GEI) for all the traits included in the study. An important component of the GEI is the imperfect genotypic correlation or crossover interaction (COI). This study used the three-way Ward-MLM clustering strategy in three different data sets with the objectives of (i) evaluating the ability of the Ward-MLM methodology for clustering cultivars into groups with low COL (ii) obtaining a graphical representation of the variables in a low dimensional scatter plot produced by the multidimensional scaling method (MDS) in which the GEI of continuous and categorical traits and environments can be visualized, and (iii) studying how the relationship between a pair of traits changes across environments. The three-way Ward-MLM strategy produced groups of cultivars with low levels of COL The increment of the correlation coefficient values between groups with respect to the total correlation coefficients indicated that the groups formed by the three-way Ward-MLM strategy comprised subsets of individuals that had similar trait responses across environments. C1 CIMMYT, Biometr & Stat Unit, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Univ Republ Oriental Uruguay, Fac Agron, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay. CIMMYT, Maize Genet Resources Unit, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Crossa, J (reprint author), CIMMYT, Biometr & Stat Unit, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1258 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800002 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA AF Kolmer, JA TI Postulation of leaf rust resistance genes in selected soft red winter wheats SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; SPRING WHEATS; GENETICS; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS; VIRULENCE; STATES; CANADA AB Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks., is a major disease nearly wherever wheat (Triticum spp.) is grown in the USA. Soft red winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars with varying degrees of leaf rust resistance are grown in the southern USA. The objective of this study was to characterize the seedling leaf rust resistance present in a group of 35 soft red winter wheat cultivars and 17 breeding lines. Leaf rust infection types (ITs) produced on the cultivars and lines by 16 P. triticina isolates were compared with the ITs produced on a standard set of 'Thatcher' near-isogenic lines that differed for single leaf rust resistance genes. Seedling resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were postulated to be present in the soft red winter wheat cultivars and lines. Adult plant leaf rust resistance for the cultivars and lines was assessed in field plots at two locations in North Carolina in 2000. Wheat cultivars postulated or genetically determined to have the adult plant resistance genes Lr12 and Lr34 had effective leaf rust resistance in the field plots. The soft red winter wheat cultivars and lines that had seedling resistance genes Lr2a, Lr9, and Lr26 combined with adult plant resistance were highly resistant to leaf rust. Cultivars and breeding lines that had seedling resistance genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr11, and Lr18 combined with adult plant resistance had moderate to low levels of leaf rust resistance. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1274 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800004 ER PT J AU Clements, MJ Campbell, KW Maragos, CM Pilcher, C Headrick, JM Pataky, JK White, DG AF Clements, MJ Campbell, KW Maragos, CM Pilcher, C Headrick, JM Pataky, JK White, DG TI Influence of Cry1Ab protein and hybrid genotype on fumonisin contamination and fusarium ear rot of corn SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BT MAIZE HYBRIDS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; PULMONARY-EDEMA; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SYMPTOMLESS INFECTION; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS AB Fusarium ear rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is associated with feeding damage from the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, and the corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea Boddie. Specific transformation events encoding for Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) may reduce Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin concentration in grain by minimizing damage from certain insects. The objective of this study was to determine if effects from Cry1Ab protein in kernels and silks on fumonisin concentration in grain vary depending on the genotype of the hybrid or the predominant insect species. Four Bt corn hybrids and their corresponding nontransgenic, near-isogenic hybrids were compared for ear rot severity and fumonisin concentration in grain in four environments. Treatments included inoculation with F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenb. (Syn = F. moniliforme J. Sheld.) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenb., infestation with ECB larvae, infestation with CEW larvae, and controls. Cry1Ab protein from the Mon810 transformation event was associated with reduced ear rot severity when hybrids were not inoculated with Fusarium spp., regardless of whether hybrids were infested or not infested with insects. Cry1Ab protein was associated with reduced fumonisin concentration in grain when ECB was the predominant insect, but not when CEW was the predominant insect. Cry1Ab protein was not associated with reduced fumonisin concentration in grain for the most resistant hybrid pair in this study. Results suggest that Bt hybrids can reduce fumonisin concentration in grain during seasons when ECB is favored, but not during seasons when CEW is favored. Hybrid genotype was an important factor in reducing fumonisin concentration in grain. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Monsanto Co, Monmouth, IL 61462 USA. USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP White, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 64 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1283 EP 1293 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800006 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Kieckhefer, RW Langham, MAC Hesler, LS AF Riedell, WE Kieckhefer, RW Langham, MAC Hesler, LS TI Root and shoot responses to bird cherry-oat aphids and Barley yellow dwarf virus in spring wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; CEREAL APHIDS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; YIELD LOSSES; GROWTH; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; CULTURE; SYSTEM AB There is little information available that describes the effects of bird cherry-oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) on cereal plant root systems. This 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine how spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root characteristics, shoot characteristics, and grain yield respond to R. padi infestation, BYDV infection, or a combination of R. padi plus BYDV. Treatments were applied at the 2- to 3-leaf stage. When measured at anthesis, plants that received R. padi treatments (300 aphid days) had about a 30% greater total root length (as measured with a minirhizotron) than control plants. Plants that received BYDV as well as those that received R. padi plus BYDV had about a 40% decrease in total root length when compared with the control. Root system characteristics at different soil depths responded differently to BYDV infection across the 2 yr of the study. In the first year, BYDV-infected plants had less root length at all soil depths measured than plants that did not receive BYDV infection. In the second year, which was drier near anthesis, root lengths of both BYDV infected and uninfected plants were similar at the 0- to 18-cm soil depth, while at deeper soil depths, plants that had BYDV infection had less root length than plants that did not receive BYDV infection. Plants that received either R. padi or BYDV had fewer tillers, less tiller height, and less shoot dry weight than control plants. The lack of R. padi X BYDV interaction for above-ground variables suggests that shoots responded to BYDV in a similar manner regardless of whether or not they received R. padi treatment. Treatments consisting of R. padi infestation or BYDV infection reduced individual kernel weight by 8 or 22%, respectively. Infection with BYDV also caused a 53% reduction in the number of kernels per meter of row and a 62% reduction in total grain yield. We conclude that R. padi infestation caused acute injury to spring wheat plants while BYDV caused chronic injury. Most of the dependent variables measured in this experiment responded to BYDV in a similar manner regardless of whether or not the plants received R. padi treatment. C1 USDA ARS, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1380 EP 1386 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800019 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Moore, KJ AF Singer, JW Moore, KJ TI Nitrogen removal by orchardgrass and smooth bromegrass and residual soil nitrate SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER YIELD; FERTILIZER; RATES; ENVIRONMENT; RECOVERY; GRASSES; QUALITY AB Nitrogen removal by cool-season grasses may aid in capturing excess N from animal confinement operations or phytoremediation. Limited information exists on the N dynamics of these grasses near the asymptote of the N response curve. The objectives of this study were to evaluate N removal, residual soil NO3-N, and apparent N recovery in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) at annual N rates of 224, 448, and 672 kg ha(-1). Species X harvest interactions were observed in both years, but no species X N rate interactions occurred. Orchardgrass removed 352 and 505 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1) at the 448 N rate compared with 207 and 371 in smooth bromegrass in 1999 and 2000, respectively. In a dry year, orchardgrass (r(2) = 0.41) and smooth bromegrass (r(2) = 0.31) exhibited linear N uptake. In a year with adequate rainfall, a quadratic relationship was observed for orchardgrass (R-2 = 0.92), while smooth bromegrass had linear uptake (r(2) = 0.66). Greater N removal was observed in orchardgrass partly because of superior fall growth, when 99 and 82 kg N ha(-1) were removed in 1999 and 2000 at the 448 N rate compared with 23 and 15 kg N ha(-1) in smooth bromegrass. These removal rates accounted for 28 and 16% of the seasonal total in 1999 and 2000 in orchardgrass and 11 and 4% in smooth bromegrass. Orchardgrass N removal exceeded smooth bromegrass in a three-cut system, and this difference was enhanced by utilizing the fall growth period to capture residual soil N. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1420 EP 1426 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800025 ER PT J AU Smart, AJ Vogel, KP Moser, LE Stroup, WW AF Smart, AJ Vogel, KP Moser, LE Stroup, WW TI Divergent selection for seedling tiller number in big bluestem and switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; GENETIC-CONTROL; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; WILD RYEGRASS; VIGOR; GROWTH; LOLIUM AB Selection at the seedling stage in forage grass breeding would be extremely useful if seedling traits are highly heritable and correlated to desired agronomic traits. Objectives of this study were to determine the response to selection for high shoot weight and divergent selection for seedling tiller number in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seedlings and obtain estimates of realized heritability for these traits. Base populations were breeding populations of 'Pawnee' big bluestem and 'Pathfinder' switchgrass. Divergent selection for single or multiple (three or more) tiller(s) 6 to 8 wk after planting in a greenhouse produced four populations [big bluestem high seedling weight, multiple tiller (BBMT); big bluestem high seedling weight, single tiller (BBST); switchgrass high seedling weight, multiple tiller (SWMT); and switchgrass high seedling weight, single tiller (SWST)], which were planted in isolated polycross nurseries. Seed from polycross nurseries was used to conduct a second cycle of selection. Populations were evaluated in greenhouse studies for fresh weight and tiller number of seedlings. Seedling fresh weight was increased in BBST and SWST Cycle 2 populations, and divergent selection for tiller number resulted in populations significantly different from the base population. Realized heritability estimates for seedling tiller number in big bluestem and switchgrass were 0.26 and 0.23, respectively. The effect of genetic modification of seedling tiller number and shoot weight on establishment under field conditions and on mature plant phenotypes will need to be determined. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Smart, AJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1433 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800026 ER PT J AU Smart, AJ Moser, LE Vogel, KP AF Smart, AJ Moser, LE Vogel, KP TI Establishment and seedling growth of big bluestem and switchgrass populations divergently selected for seedling tiller number SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANTING DEPTH; MORPHOLOGY; GRAMA; VIGOR; EMERGENCE; GRASSES; SEASON; WEIGHT AB Selection at the seedling stage in grass breeding would be extremely useful if seedling traits are correlated to desired agronomic traits. The objective of this study was to evaluate seedling morphological development, plant growth, and field establishment of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) populations that were developed by divergent selection for seedling tiller number while selecting for high shoot weight. Six populations were evaluated: (i) 'Pawnee' big bluestem base, (ii) 'Pathfinder' switchgrass base, (iii) big bluestem multiple tiller, (iv) big bluestem single tiller, (v) switchgrass multiple tiller, and (vi) switchgrass single tiller. Field plots were seeded in spring 1999 and 2000 in a Kennebec silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls). Plants were excavated and evaluated during the growing season for shoot weight, root weight, and morphological stage of shoot and root systems. There were no major population differences in shoot weight, root weight, and morphological root stage. Shoot stage was higher for multiple tiller populations than single tiller populations 6 wk after emergence. Stand counts for all populations exceeded 10 seedlings per linear m of row, which is considered an acceptable stand density, and there were no consistent differences among populations. Populations divergently selected for seedling tiller number did not differ in ability to become established under field conditions because root systems apparently were not altered by the selection for seedling tiller number and weight. These results suggest that selection for high shoot weight did not improve seedling vigor in the field. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Smart, AJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1434 EP 1440 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800027 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Funnell, DL AF Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Funnell, DL TI Use of A(3) cytoplasm to reduce risk of gene flow through sorghum pollen SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FERTILITY RESTORATION; REGISTRATION; HYBRIDS; A3 AB A critical impediment to field testing and deployment of transgenic sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the threat of gene flow to weedy relatives through pollen. A technique using sorghum with A(3) cytoplasmic male sterility to control transgene flow through pollen while using nontransgenic pollinators is described and an experiment was designed to evaluate the risk of viable pollen flow using A(3) hybrids under field conditions. Seed set under pollinating bags (an indicator of fertile pollen) was evaluated at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory at Ithaca, NE, in 2001 and 2002 on selfed F-2 progeny grown from open pollinated seed of 12 F, hybrids produced in A, and A(3) cytoplasm. The F-2 seed was produced in hybrid yield trials in 1997 and 1998 at Ithaca, NE. In each evaluation year, the experimental design was a split-split plot with seed production year the main plot factor, hybrid as the subplot factor, and cytoplasm as the sub-subplot factor. Cytoplasm effects were highly significant, with percent seed set on A(3) F-2 individuals averaging 74%, and on A(3) F-2 individuals averaging 0.04%. Upper confidence limits (P = 0.05) for percent seed set were 1.32% or less for the progeny from all A(3) hybrids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed that four male fertile individuals (from a population of 1007) were detected with A(3) cytoplasm. These results support the hypothesis that gene flow through pollen can be severely restricted but not eliminated in sorghum by the use of A3 cytoplasmic male sterility. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1506 EP 1509 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800035 ER PT J AU Diaby, M Casler, MD AF Diaby, M Casler, MD TI RAPD marker variation among smooth bromegrass cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BUFFALOGRASS BUCHLOE-DACTYLOIDES; ZEA-MAYS-L; FREQUENCY CHANGES; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; GENETIC-VARIATION; BROMUS-INERMIS; GRAIN-YIELD; POPULATIONS; GERMPLASM; SELECTION AB ne level of genetic diversity within and among smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) cultivars and land races is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate and characterize genetic diversity of smooth bromegrass cultivars and selected populations on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Variation among 277 individual plants from 40 smooth bromegrass cultivars was evaluated by means of RAPD markers. Nineteen primers evaluated amplified 97 informative amplicons. Several RAPD marker bands showed unique patterns of mean frequency differences among germplasm groups. A dendrogram constructed from average linkage cluster analysis did not indicate any clear pattern of division on the basis of discrete or putative climatype or adaptation zones. There was considerable correspondence to known pedigree relationships revealed from a previous smooth bromegrass morphological clustering analysis, particularly for lines that are closely related to each other. The two interspecific hybrids between B. inermis and B. pumpellianus Schribner (Polar) and B. riparius Rehm. (S-9183-H) did not exhibit any species-specific markers. All groups of smooth bromegrass germplasm were found to have high within-population genetic variation that ranged from 84 to 96% of the total, reflecting the outcrossing reproduction and probably the complex inheritance of smooth bromegrass. Analysis of molecular variance showed the largest interpopulation genetic variation for contemporary germplasm sources, supporting morphological studies for the existence of genetic variability among contemporary smooth bromegrass germplasms. These results suggest that landrace cultivars likely remain useful for germplasm improvement and cultivar development. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1538 EP 1547 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800040 ER PT J AU Thomas, JMG Boote, KJ Allen, LH Gallo-Meagher, M Davis, JM AF Thomas, JMG Boote, KJ Allen, LH Gallo-Meagher, M Davis, JM TI Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide effects on soybean seed composition and transcript abundance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; PROTEIN; OIL; GROWTH; PLANT; CO2; GENERATION; FIXATION; LEGUMES AB Climate change due to increased [CO2] and elevated temperature may impact the composition of crop seed. This study was conducted to determine the potential effects of climate change on composition and gene expression of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr. cv. 'Bragg'] seed. Soybean plants were grown in sunlit, controlled environment chambers under diel, sinusoidal temperatures of 28/18, 32122, 36/26, 40/30, and 44/34degreesC (day/night, maximum/minimum), and two levels of [CO2], 350 and 700 mumol mol(-1), imposed during the entire life cycle. The effect of temperature on mature seed composition and transcripts in developing seed was pronounced, but there was no effect of [CO2]. Total oil concentration was highest at 32/22degreesC and decreased with further increase in temperature. Oleic acid concentration increased with increasing temperature whereas linolenic acid decreased. Concentrations of N and P increased with temperature to 40/30degreesC, then decreased. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) decreased as temperatures increased, and the proportion of soluble sugars to starch decreased. Transcripts of a gene that is downregulated by auxin (ADR12) were dramatically downregulated by elevated temperature, possibly reflecting the altered course of seed development under environmental stress. Transcripts of beta-glucosidase, a gene expressed during normal soybean seed development, were detected in seed grown at 28/18degreesC but not in seed grown at 40/30degreesC, which also suggests that normal programs affecting seed composition were perturbed by elevated temperature. These results confirm previous studies indicating that high temperature alters soybean seed composition, and suggest possible mechanisms by which climate change may affect soybean seed development and composition. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Thomas, JMG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 51 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1548 EP 1557 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800041 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK DeMacon, VL Shelton, GB Burns, J Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, XM Bosque-Perez, NA AF Kidwell, KK DeMacon, VL Shelton, GB Burns, J Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, XM Bosque-Perez, NA TI Registration of 'Macon' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1561 EP 1563 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800044 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Dorrance, AE AF Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Dorrance, AE TI Registration of 'Apex' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1563 EP 1563 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800045 ER PT J AU Fjellstrom, RG Steiner, JJ Beuselinck, PR AF Fjellstrom, RG Steiner, JJ Beuselinck, PR TI Tetrasomic linkage mapping of RFLP, PCR, and isozyme loci in Lotus corniculatus L. (vol 43, pg 1006, 2002) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fjellstrom, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1580 EP 1580 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 694FH UT WOS:000183762800058 ER PT J AU Skory, CD AF Skory, CD TI Induction of Rhizopus oryzae pyruvate decarboxylase genes SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID L-LACTIC ACID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INTERNAL STANDARDS; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; CLONING; HYPOXIA; PDC1 AB Two pyruvate decarboxylase genes, pdcA, and pdcB, were cloned from Rhizopus oryzae. These Genes are similar to each other with approximately 85% nucleotide sequence identity within the coding region. Multiple transcriptional start sites and polyadenylation sites were found for both genes. The deduced translation product of each gene results in a 561 amino acid protein with approximate molecular weight of 61 kDa each. The amino acid identity between the two proteins was 91% as calculated by Lipmann-Pearson comparisons. Transcriptional control appears to be important in regulation of the PDC, since much of the transcript accumulation parallels enzymatic activity. There was no detectable Pdc transcript from cultures grown in glycerol-containing medium. Induction of transcription for pdcA and pdcB was initiated within 1.5 It of adding glucose to the culture. Shifting the aerobically grown cultures to anoxic conditions at this time resulted in enhanced pdc transcription, PDC enzymatic activity, and ethanol production, compared to cultures with continued aerobic growth. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3933-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 686WH UT WOS:000183343600012 PM 12783195 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, AL Nonneman, DJ AF Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, AL Nonneman, DJ TI Complete sequence and characterization of the channel catfish mitochondrial genome SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE catfish; mitochondrial DNA; D-loop; polymorphism ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENE; CONSTRUCTION; EXPLORATION; PROGRAM; TREES; TOOL AB In order to support analysis of channel catfish populations and genetic improvement programs, the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, mitochondrial genome was completely sequenced and revealed gene structure and gene order common to vertebrates. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of cytochrome b ( Cytb ) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( COI ) demonstrated genetic separation of the genera Ictalurus, Pylodictis and Ameiurus consistent with the taxonomic classification within Ictaluridae. The ictalurid Cytb nucleotide sequences were significantly different from a putative channel catfish Cytb sequence in GenBank. Genetic relationships based on mitochondrial DNA sequences indicated the value of channel catfish in genomic comparisons between teleosts. Pairwise alignment of DNA sequences revealed conservation of regulatory sequences in the D-loop region with other vertebrates. Analysis of D-loop sequences in commercial populations and a research strain revealed 28 polymorphic sites and 33 D-loop haplotypes. Sequence analysis revealed clustering of haplotypes within commercial farms and the USDA103 research line, but D-loop haplotypes were not sufficient to discriminate the USDA103 fish from commercial catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 49 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1080/1042517031000149057 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 706CC UT WOS:000184433200004 PM 14631650 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Ulloa, M AF Taliercio, E Ulloa, M TI The DNA sequence of a gypsy element from Gossypium hirsutum L. and characterization of gypsy elements in three Gossypium species SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE gypsy element; retrotransposons; Gossypium hirsutum L.; retroelements ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; COTTON GOSSYPIUM; TISSUE-CULTURE; RETROTRANSPOSON; ACTIVATION; DROSOPHILA; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS; REGIONS; PLANTS AB A strategy was developed to isolate a complete gypsy-element from Gossypium hirsutum L. based on the sequence of a RAPD that was polymorphic in near isoganic lines of cotton that varied in leaf shape. A 5998 nt clone was isolated and its gene order and sequence confirmed it was a gypsy-type retroelement. Sequences homologous to the gag portion of this clone were also found in Gossypium herbaceum L. and Gossypium raimondii L. A portion of the open reading frame of the integrase gene was amplified from three Gossypium species under investigation. PCR products of the expected size were amplified from all three Gossypium species. G. raimondii sequences were statistically more degenerate than sequences from either G. hirsutum or G. herbaceum . Finally, analysis of the open reading frames of selected integrase clones from the three Gossypium species revealed a second gypsy element based on similarity of the deduced amino acid sequence. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, WICS Res Unit, Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA 93262 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1080/1042517031000135133 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 706CC UT WOS:000184433200010 PM 14631654 ER PT J AU Morck, A Hakk, H Orn, U Wehler, EK AF Morck, A Hakk, H Orn, U Wehler, EK TI Decabromodiphenyl ether in the rat: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TISSUE; BLOOD; MOUSE; HEXABROMOBENZENE; DISPOSITION; TOXICOLOGY; INDUCTION; TRANSPORT AB Among the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers used as flame-retardants, the fully brominated diphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), is the most commonly used. Despite the large usage of decaBDE, neither the metabolic pathways nor the absorption have been addressed, and there are very few studies on its toxicology. In this work, it is shown that after a single oral dose of C-14-labeled decaBDE to rats, at least 10% of the decaBDE dose is absorbed. The major excretion route in conventional rats is via feces that contained 90% of the decaBDE dose. The excretion in bile was close to 10% of the dose and represented mainly metabolites. It cannot be excluded that greater than 10% of the oral dose had been absorbed since 65% of the radioactivity excreted in feces was metabolites. The highest concentrations on a lipid weight basis were found in plasma and blood-rich tissues, and the adipose tissue had the lowest concentration of decaBDE. After derivatization of a phenolic fraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses indicated that metabolites with five to seven bromine atoms had formed, and they possessed a guaiacol structure (a hydroxy and a methoxy group) in one of the rings. In addition, traces of nonabrominated diphenyl ethers and monohydroxylated metabolites were found by GC/MS. Metabolites, characterized by their chemical properties, were interpreted to be covalently bound to macromolecules, either proteins or lipids. In addition, water solubility was suggested. The metabolic pathway was indicated to include a reactive intermediate. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Wehler, EK (reprint author), AstraZeneca R&D, S-15185 Sodertalje, Sweden. NR 43 TC 128 Z9 135 U1 7 U2 45 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 7 BP 900 EP 907 DI 10.1124/dmd.31.7.900 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 691NU UT WOS:000183613000011 PM 12814967 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Summerfelt, ST Glenn, DM Takeda, F AF Adler, PR Summerfelt, ST Glenn, DM Takeda, F TI Mechanistic approach to phytoremediation of water SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; nitrogen; biological nutrient removal; hydroponics; effluent; phytorernediation; wastewater ID WASTE-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; PLANTS; NITRATE; CULTURE; DESIGN AB Conventional thinking regarding the use of food crops to clean aquaculture effluents has been that plants cannot remove nutrients in water to low levels without a reduction in productivity and quality. Because greenhouse space is expensive, productivity is critical for a profitable operation. A production strategy, called the conveyor production system (CPS), was developed using thin-film technology for plant production in dilute aquaculture effluents. With the CPS, young plants were positioned near the solution inlet in a gutter receiving the effluent and moved progressively, like along a conveyor belt, towards the outlet as they grew. Luxury consumption by lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Ostinata) enabled them to store P in their tissues early in their growth cycle for use later as water P levels decreased and influx could no longer meet current demands. If water is distributed in a horizontal plug-flow pattern, without the CPS, all nutrients will be luxury consumed at the inlet, making nutrients limiting at the outlet and significant greenhouse space will be dedicated to growing plants that have no market value. The object of this study was to construct and operate a pilot-scale CPS, collect data demonstrating its potential to clean effluent and produce a marketable product, and develop a mechanistic model describing the process. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that by using the CPS, phosphorus Could be reduced from 0.52 to < 0.01 mg l(-1) by lettuce without an apparent reduction in production or quality. The mechanistic model described in this paper simulated experimental data collected during the operation of the CPS growing lettuce and defines critical data necessary for the general comparison of effluents for treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(03)00044-2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 730QH UT WOS:000185841100005 ER PT J AU Pedersen, EK Connelly, JW Hendrickson, JR Grant, WE AF Pedersen, EK Connelly, JW Hendrickson, JR Grant, WE TI Effect of sheep grazing and fire on sage grouse populations in southeastern Idaho SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE fire; grazing; Idaho; sage grouse; sagebrush; sheep; simulation modeling ID SAGEBRUSH-GRASS RANGE; BIG SAGEBRUSH; HABITAT SELECTION; OREGON; PREDATION; CHICKS; STEPPE; NESTS; COVER; HENS AB This paper describes the development, evaluation, and use of a model that simulates the effect of grazing and fire on temporal and spatial aspects of sagebrush community vegetation and sage grouse population dynamics. The model is represented mathematically as a discrete-time, stochastic compartment model based on difference equations with a time interval of I week. In the model, sheep graze through sage grouse breeding habitat during spring and fall, and different portions of the area can burn at different frequencies, creating a habitat mosaic of burned and unburned areas. The model was evaluated by examining predictions of (1) growth of sagebrush canopy cover after fire, (2) seasonal dynamics of grass and forb biomass under historical environmental conditions, and (3) sage grouse population dynamics associated with selected sagebrush canopy covers. Simulated changes in sagebrush canopy cover following fire correspond well with qualitative reports of long-term trends, simulated seasonal dynamics of herbaceous biomass correspond well with field data, and simulated responses of sage grouse population size and age structure to changing sagebrush canopy cover correspond well to qualitative field observations. Simulation results suggest that large fires occurring at high frequencies may lead to the extinction of sage grouse populations, whereas fires occurring at low frequencies may benefit sage grouse if burned areas are small and sheep grazing is absent. Sheep grazing may contribute to sage grouse population decline, but is unlikely to cause extinction under fire regimes that are favorable to sage grouse. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Grant, WE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1 BP 23 EP 47 AR PII S0304-3800(02)00382-4 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00382-4 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692WA UT WOS:000183682200002 ER PT J AU Parry, D Herms, DA Mattson, WJ AF Parry, D Herms, DA Mattson, WJ TI Responses of an insect folivore and its parasitoids to multiyear experimental defoliation of aspen SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defoliation; induced resistance; Malacosoma disstria; parasitoids; plant-herbivore interactions; population dynamics; Populus tremuloides; tachinid flies; tent caterpillars; top-down and bottom-up; tritrophic ID FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR; DELAYED INDUCIBLE RESISTANCE; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MALACOSOMA-DISSTRIA; MOUNTAIN BIRCH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; LESCHENAULTIA-EXUL; NATURAL ENEMIES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Foliage quality may decline in deciduous trees following defoliation, thus affecting the insect generation responsible for the herbivory (rapid induced resistance, RIR), or future generations (delayed induced resistance, DIR). During outbreaks, trees often suffer partial or complete defoliation for two or more successive years, yet most studies have examined induced resistance following only one season of defoliation, which may not reveal its full impact on herbivores. In a field experiment, 40 trees from each of two clones of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides, were severely defoliated for one, three, and four years in succession by experimentally manipulating densities of an outbreak folivore, the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria. Treatments Were applied such that the individual and combined effects of RIR and DIR on the fitness of, the forest tent caterpillar could be assessed independently. In field assays, defoliation treatments did not affect larval development time and only marginally affected survival. However, fecundity in both clones was significantly reduced by a single season of defoliation concurrent with the bioassay (effects of RIR), by three consecutive years of defoliation prior to the year of the bioassay (effects of DIR), and by four consecutive years of defoliation (combined effects of RIR and DIR). There were no differences among the three defoliation treatments, indicating that the effects of DIR and RIR combined were not greater than each acting alone. Reductions in fecundity were less than half those observed during natural outbreaks, suggesting that other factors also must contribute to declining fecundity during the collapse of outbreaks. Short-term laboratory bioassays indicated that-defoliation effects observed in long-term field assays were not due to changes in relative growth rate (RGR) of second instars or final-instar males, which were unaffected, possibly because of increased relative consumption rates (RCR). Defoliation treatments decreased RGR of final-instar females in laboratory bioassays, despite elevated RCR. Both defoliation treatment and aspen clone influenced parasitism by tachinid flies that detect hosts through volatiles released from leaves damaged by caterpillars. Parasitism was highest on trees defoliated concurrently with the larval bioassay. However, there were no differences between trees defoliated prior to the bioassay and control trees, indicating that effects on parasitism were not due to defoliation-induced changes in host quality per se. Thus, there were no additive interactions between DIR and parasitism that would amplify delayed density-dependent effects on population dynamics. Spatial responses of these tachinids to host density or to current defoliation rather than the defoliation history of the trees may enhance the stabilizing effect of RIR on population dynamics. Conversely, differences in parasitism among clones could contribute to spatial variation in tent caterpillar population density. Neither defoliation effect on host quality nor parasitism was sufficient to slow reproductive rates to levels observed in declining outbreaks in nature, suggesting that single-factor explanations for tent caterpillar population dynamics are unlikely. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA, N Cent Expt Stn, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Parry, D (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. EM dparry@esf.edu NR 95 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2003 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1768 EP 1783 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1768:ROAIFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 713DN UT WOS:000184840900013 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN Zhu, J McCarty, JC AF Wu, JX Jenkins, JN Zhu, J McCarty, JC TI Comparisons of quantitative trait locus mapping properties between two methods of recombinant inbred line development SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE recombinant inbreds (RI); quantitative trait locus (QTL); single seed descent (SSD); single-hill (SH); composite interval mapping (CIM); bulk progeny ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WINTER-WHEAT; RESISTANCE; MAIZE; QTLS; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; NUMBER; GENES; RFLP AB Theoretical comparisons for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping properties were conducted among simulated recombinant inbred (RI) populations developed by single- hill (SH), complete bulk, and single seed descent (SSD) procedures by Monte Carlo simulations based on various population sizes, heritabilities, and QTL effects. Our simulations included estimation of QTL effects, QTL positions, and statistical testing power in the RI populations by comparing the estimates with preset values. The simulation results showed that the single hill ( SH) bulk and single seed descent RI populations were generally not significantly different with respect to quality of estimated QTL effects and positions. Furthermore, when each RI population had 150 lines, each could provide desirable properties for QTL mapping. The results implied that a SH RI population consisting of 75 or more F-2-derived families with two lines per family ( corresponding population size of 150 or above) was appropriate for QTL mapping and was not significantly different than a SSD RI population of 150. Thus, the SH method could be used to develop large numbers of RI lines for achieving better results in QTL mapping. Simulations also showed that there was no significant difference between means using SH methods with 10 and 100 fruits per family. However, RI populations developed by the complete bulk method where F-2 identities are lost were not suitable for QTL mapping. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wu, JX (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; Zhu, Jun/B-9945-2009 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1023/A:1024690711867 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 699TH UT WOS:000184071700004 ER PT J AU Cambardella, CA Richard, TL Russell, A AF Cambardella, CA Richard, TL Russell, A TI Compost mineralization in soil as a function of composting process conditions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microbiology of Composting CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA SP Univ Innsbruck, Austrian Soc Soil Biol, European Commiss, Fed Minist Forestry, Agr & Environ, Fed Minist Sci, Province Tyrol, City Innsbruck, Austrian Airlines Grp, Thoni Ind, Linde Inc, Komptech Inc, TEG Environmental plc ID MANURE MANAGEMENT; NITROUS-OXIDE; WASTE; CARBON; FRESH; VOLATILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; AMMONIA; RATES; PIGS AB Compost has been shown to have a range of positive impacts on soil quality and can provide an important source of nutrients for plants. While these benefits have been. documented for many finished composts, there is presently little understanding of the impact of composting process conditions-and the extent of compost decomposition on soil C and N mineralization after compost incorporation. This study evaluated the impact of composting process conditions and the extent of compost decomposition on soil C and N mineralization after compost incorporation. Dried, ground composts were blended with equal parts of quartz sand and soil and incubated aerobically for 28 d at 30 degreesC. Cumulative respired CO2-C and net mineralized N were quantified. Results indicate that (1) organic substrates that did not degrade due to sub-optimal conditions during the composting process can readily mineralize after incorporation in soil; (2) C and N cycling dynamics in soil after compost incorporation can be affected by compost feedstock, processing conditions, and time; and (3) denitrification after compost incorporation in soil can limit N availability from compost. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Cambardella, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 12 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S1164-5563(03)00027-X PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 730UJ UT WOS:000185848300003 ER EF