FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Rodgers, J Zumba, J Fortier, C AF Rodgers, James Zumba, Jimmy Fortier, Chanel TI Measurement comparison of cotton fiber micronaire and its components by portable near infrared spectroscopy instruments SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton; fiber; properties; materials; near infrared; performance ID FINENESS; MATURITY; NIR AB Micronaire is a key cotton fiber quality assessment property, and changes in fiber micronaire can impact fiber processing and dyeing consistency. Micronaire is a function of two fiber componentsmaturity and fineness. Historically, micronaire is measured in a laboratory under tightly controlled environmental conditions. There is increased interest by the cotton and textile industry to measure key fiber properties both in the laboratory and in-field (non-controlled conditions), using small portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instruments. A program was implemented to determine the feasibility of using portable NIR instruments to monitor fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness. Prior to outside the laboratory measurements (field, warehouse, etc.), laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the NIR instruments' capabilities. Comparative evaluations for fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness were performed on three portable NIR instruments. Instrumental, sampling, and operational procedures and protocols for each instrument were established. Although representing different measurement technologies, very good spectral agreement was observed between the portable NIR instruments and a bench-top NIR unit used as a comparison. Rapid (less than 3minutes per sample), easy to use, and accurate measurements of fiber micronaire and maturity were achieved, with regressions (R values) greater than 0.85, low residuals, and a low number of outliers observed for each NIR instrument. Improvements are required for the accurate measurement of fiber fineness by portable NIR instruments. Thus, for well-defined cotton fiber samples, the universal nature of the NIR measurement of cotton fiber micronaire and maturity by portable NIR instruments was validated. C1 [Rodgers, James; Zumba, Jimmy; Fortier, Chanel] ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM james.rodgers@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 87 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1177/0040517515622153 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA EF8CR UT WOS:000390556500005 ER PT J AU Hinchliffe, DJ Condon, BD Slopek, RP Reynolds, M AF Hinchliffe, Doug J. Condon, Brian D. Slopek, Ryan P. Reynolds, Michael TI The adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride onto cotton nonwoven hydroentangled substrates at the solid-liquid interface is minimized by additive chemistries SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adsorption; cationic surfactant; greige cotton; hydroentangle; nonwovens; quats ID CATIONIC SURFACTANT; ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENTS; WATER INTERFACE; ENDOTOXIN AB Quaternary ammonium compounds, commonly referred to as quats, are cationic surfactants widely used as the active biocidal ingredient for disposable disinfecting wipes. The cationic nature of quats results in a strong ionic interaction and adsorption onto wipes materials that have an anionic surface charge, such as cellulosic materials, including cotton. The degree of adsorption of quats onto cotton nonwovens is affected by pretreatment of the substrate, more specifically whether it is a greige or a scoured and bleached fabric. This study examined the effect of varying the chemical and physical properties of solutions on the adsorption of the quat alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (ADBAC) onto greige and scoured and bleached cotton nonwoven fabrics produced by hydroentanglement. At a constant surfactant concentration, the liquor ratio, pH, temperature, and concentrations of various electrolytes in the solution were varied and the amount of ADBAC depleted from solution was determined over time. The results suggested that a more alkaline solution increased the amount of ADBAC adsorbed onto both cotton nonwoven fabrics, while a more acidic solution reduced ADBAC adsorption. Likewise, increasing the temperature and concentration of salts in the solution reduced the adsorption of ADBAC onto the cotton fabrics. The presence of nonionic surfactants or low molecular weight quats also reduced ADBAC adsorption onto cotton fabrics in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of this study will provide guidance for optimized chemical formulations compatible with disposable disinfecting cotton-based wipes, cloths, and other cotton-containing implements intended for use in cleaning and disinfecting applications. C1 [Hinchliffe, Doug J.; Condon, Brian D.; Slopek, Ryan P.; Reynolds, Michael] ARS, USDA, SRRC, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Hinchliffe, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Doug.Hinchliffe@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 87 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1177/0040517515622154 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA EF8CR UT WOS:000390556500006 ER PT J AU Klafke, G Webster, A Agnol, BD Pradel, E Silva, J de La Canal, LH Becker, M Osorio, MF Mansson, M Barreto, R Scheffer, R Souza, UA Corassini, VB dos Santos, J Reck, J Martins, JR AF Klafke, Guilherme Webster, Anelise Agnol, Bruno Dall Pradel, Endrigo Silva, Jeniffer de La Canal, Luiz Henrique Becker, Marcelo Osorio, Mateus Felipe Mansson, Melanie Barreto, Rafael Scheffer, Ramon Souza, Ugo Araujo Corassini, Vivian Bamberg dos Santos, Julsan Reck, Jose Martins, Joao Ricardo TI Multiple resistance to acaricides in field populations of Rhipicephalus microplus from Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus microplus; Multiple resistance; Control; Acaricides; Brazil ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; TICK BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; MATO-GROSSO; 1ST REPORT; CYPERMETHRIN RESISTANCE; HYALOMMA-ANATOLICUM; FIPRONIL RESISTANCE; AMITRAZ RESISTANCE; LARVAL BIOASSAYS AB Acaricide resistance is a major obstacle to the control of Rhipicephalus microplus. Historically, the indiscriminate use of chemical compounds has contributed to the selection of populations resistant to different classes of acaricides. Therefore, multiple acaricide resistance is an important threat to the chemical control of the cattle tick. To investigate the occurrence and extent of multiple resistance to acaricides in Southern Brazil we performed larval tests with cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, amitraz, fipronil and ivermectin on 104 cattle tick field samples from different ranches in Rio Grande do Sul, between the years 2013 and 2015. Adult immersion tests with a commercial formulation mixture of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin were performed on 75 samples. Four levels of resistance were established according to the mortality of larvae: Level I: mortality between 82% and 95%; Level II: mortality between 57% and 82%; Level III: mortality between 25% and 57%; and Level IV: mortality lower than 25%. Resistance to cypermethrin was detected in 98.08% of the samples evaluated, mostly at resistance level IV. The frequency of samples resistant to amitraz, chlorpyriphos, ivermectin and fipronil was 76.92%, 60.58%, 60.58% and 53.85% respectively. Multiple resistance to three or more compounds was found in 78.85% of the samples. The results obtained in this study are alarming and reveal a new scenario for the challenge of tick control using chemicals. This is an issue of high importance to cattle production systems where this tick is responsible for a high economic impact. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Klafke, Guilherme; Webster, Anelise; Agnol, Bruno Dall; Pradel, Endrigo; Silva, Jeniffer; de La Canal, Luiz Henrique; Becker, Marcelo; Osorio, Mateus Felipe; Mansson, Melanie; Barreto, Rafael; Scheffer, Ramon; Souza, Ugo Araujo; Corassini, Vivian Bamberg; dos Santos, Julsan; Reck, Jose; Martins, Joao Ricardo] FEPAGRO Saude Anim, Inst Pesquisas Vet Desiderio Finamor, Lab Parasitol, Estr Municipal Conde, BR-92990000 Eldorado Do Sul, Brazil. RP Klafke, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, 22675 North Moorefield Rd,MAB 6419, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM guilherme-klafke@fepagroxs.gov.br OI Klafke, Guilherme/0000-0002-5620-2483 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) FX This study was financially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.09.019 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA EF7GJ UT WOS:000390497800013 PM 27717758 ER PT J AU Rogovskyy, AS Nebogatkin, IV Scoles, GA AF Rogovskyy, Artem S. Nebogatkin, Igor V. Scoles, Glen A. TI Ixodid ticks in the megapolis of Kyiv, Ukraine SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ixodidae; Ticks; Ixodes ricinus; Dermacentor reticulatus; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Kyiv; Ukraine ID GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BORNE DISEASES; RICINUS; EUROPE; REGION; DOGS; RETICULATUS; SANGUINEUS; PREVALENCE; ABUNDANCE AB The Ixodidae include the most common tick species encountered in Europe. The ticks transmit a variety of bacterial and protozoan agents of medical and veterinary significance. The aim of the current work was to investigate distribution of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Kyiv, the largest and most densely populated megapolis of Ukraine. Ticks were collected at various recreational areas by flagging during May, the month that showed the highest tick abundance in the past. Sex distribution among L ricinus ticks was relatively equal, whereas females were collected in higher numbers for D. reticulatus. As opposed to western and central Europe where nymphal ticks had been more abundant, the nymph:adult ratio for I. ricinus was reversed. Also, this report documents detection of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) in Kyiv region, well outside of its historically documented distribution area. Previously thought to be restricted to the southern Ukraine, a single male specimen of R. sanguineus s.l. was collected just outside the city limits. Data on tick diversity over the past 30 years, however, indicates that this finding may only be incidental, Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Rogovskyy, Artem S.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Nebogatkin, Igor V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, 15 Khmelnytskogo St, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rogovskyy, AS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM arogovskyy@cvm.tamu.edu FU Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences FX The work was supported through Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences to A.S. Rogovskyy. We would like to thank Drs. Sergii Rogovskyy and Maxim Rogovskyy for tick collection assistance. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.004 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA EF7GJ UT WOS:000390497800016 PM 27771333 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, JG Ferreira, LL Sarria, ALF Pickett, JA Birkett, MA Mascarin, GM de Leon, AAP Borges, LMF AF de Oliveira Filho, Jaires Gomes Ferreira, Lorena Lopes Franceschini Sarria, Andre Lucio Pickett, John A. Birkett, Michael A. Mascarin, Gabriel Moura de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez Ferreira Borges, Ligia Miranda TI Brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, infestation of susceptible dog hosts is reduced by slow release of semiochemicals from a less susceptible host SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Non-host; Allomone; 2-Hexanone; Benzaldehyde; Formulation; SLM's ID NONPREFERRED WATERBUCK HOSTS; ONE HEALTH APPROACH; ACARI IXODIDAE; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; PREFERRED BUFFALO; BORNE DISEASES; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTION; REPELLENTS AB Domestic dog breeds are hosts for the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, but infestation levels vary among breeds. Beagles are less susceptible to tick infestations than English cocker spaniels due to enhanced production of 2-hexanone and benzaldehyde that act as volatile tick repellents. We report the use of prototype slow-release formulations of these compounds to reduce the burden of R. sanguineus s. l. on English cocker spaniel dogs. Twelve dogs were randomly assigned to two groups with six dogs each. The treated group received collars with slow-release formulations of the compounds attached, while the control group received collars with clean formulations attached. Five environmental infestations were performed, with the number of ticks (at all stages) on the dogs being counted twice a day for 45 days. The counts on the number of tick stages found per dog were individually fitted to linear mixed effects models with repeated measures and normal distribution for errors. The mean tick infestation in the treated group was significantly lower than in the control group. For larvae and nymphs, a decrease in tick infestation was observed at the fifth count, and for adults, lower average counts were observed in all counts. The compounds did not interfere with the distribution of the ticks on the body of the dogs, as a similar percentage of ticks was found on the anterior half of the dogs (54.5% for the control group and 56.2% for the treated group). The biological and reproductive parameters of the ticks were not affected by the repellents. This study highlights for the first time the potential use of a novel allomone (repellent)-based formulation for reduction of tick infestation on susceptible dogs. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [de Oliveira Filho, Jaires Gomes; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes] Univ Fed Goias, Escola Vet & Zootecnia, Campus Samambaia,Ave Esperanca S-N,Campus Univ, BR-74690900 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Franceschini Sarria, Andre Lucio; Pickett, John A.; Birkett, Michael A.] Rothamsted Res, Biol Chem & Crop Protect Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Mascarin, Gabriel Moura] EMBRAPA Arroz & Feijao, Rodovia GO-462,Km 12,Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. [de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] Vet Pest Genom Ctr, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Ferreira Borges, Ligia Miranda] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Patol Trop & Saude Publ, Setor Univ, Rua 235 S-N, BR-74605050 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RP Borges, LMF (reprint author), Univ Fed Goias, Inst Patol Trop & Saude Publ, Setor Univ, Rua 235 S-N, BR-74605050 Goiania, Go, Brazil. EM jaires_filho@hotmail.com; loren4_lopes@hotmail.com; andre.sarria@rothamsted.ac.uk; john.pickett@rothamsted.ac.uk; mike.birkett@rothamsted.ac.uk; gabriel.mascarin@embrapa.br; beto.perezdeleon@ars.usda.gov; borges.ligia@gmail.com OI Mascarin, Gabriel/0000-0003-3517-6826 FU National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Brazil [2013-9, 2015-0]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) of the United Kingdom FX We thank the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Brazil, for its financial support (Grant no. #/2013-9) and for supply a Scholarship to LMFB (#/2015-0). Rothamsted Research receives grant-aided support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) of the United Kingdom. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.010 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA EF7GJ UT WOS:000390497800022 PM 28340941 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Tatum, FM AF Olsen, S. C. Tatum, F. M. TI Swine brucellosis: current perspectives SO VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS LA English DT Review DE livestock; transmission; pathogenicity; vaccine; host; infection ID TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; POSITIVE SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS; MILK-BORNE EPIDEMIC; SUIS BIOVAR 1; PORCINE BRUCELLOSIS; FERAL SWINE; UNITED-STATES; IN-VITRO; BRUCE-LADDER AB Brucella suis is a significant zoonotic species that is present in domestic livestock and wildlife in many countries worldwide. Transmission from animal reservoirs is the source of human infection as human-to-human transmission is very rare. Although swine brucellosis causes economic losses in domestic livestock, preventing human infection is the primary reason for its emphasis in disease control programs. Although disease prevalence varies worldwide, in areas outside of Europe, swine brucellosis is predominantly caused by B. suis biovars 1 and 3. In Europe, swine are predominantly infected with biovar 2 which is much less pathogenic in humans. In many areas worldwide, feral or wild populations of swine are important reservoir hosts. Like other Brucella spp. in their natural host, B. suis has developed mechanisms to survive in an intracellular environment and evade immune detection. Limitations in sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostics require use at a herd level, rather for individual animals. There is currently no commercial vaccine approved for preventing brucellosis in swine. Although not feasible in all situations, whole-herd depopulation is the most effective regulatory mechanism to control swine brucellosis. C1 [Olsen, S. C.; Tatum, F. M.] USDA, Infect Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA, Infect Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Steven.olsen@ars.usda.gov NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND EI 2230-2034 J9 VET MED-RES REP JI Vet. Med.-Res. Rep PY 2017 VL 8 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.2147/VMRR.S91360 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EG0XK UT WOS:000390755500001 ER PT J AU Liang, YX Zhu, H Banuelos, G Yan, BX Zhou, QW Yu, XF Cheng, XW AF Liang, Yinxiu Zhu, Hui Banuelos, Gary Yan, Baixing Zhou, Qingwei Yu, Xiangfei Cheng, Xianwei TI Constructed wetlands for saline wastewater treatment: A review SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Constructed wetlands; Saline wastewater; Salinization; Halophytes; Halophilic microorganisms; Substrates ID HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW; SALT-TOLERANCE MECHANISMS; PULP-PAPER INDUSTRY; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; HEAVY-METAL UPTAKE; HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS; AQUACULTURE EFFLUENT; BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; ANAEROBIC TREATMENT; HALOTOLERANT MICROORGANISMS AB Saline wastewater originating from sources such as agriculture, aquaculture, and many industrial sectors usually contains high salts and other contaminants, which adversely affect both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, the treatment of saline wastewater, for both salts and specific contaminant removal, has become a necessary task in many countries. Conventional methods (e.g., using physicochemical equipment, biological reactors, or a combination thereof) are feasible for treating most saline wastewaters (sometimes only for the removal of contaminants rather than the salts, e.g., biological reactors). However, the high cost of these techniques limits their application in many areas, especially in developing countries. For this reason, constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating a wide variety of wastewaters, and are eco-friendly and cost effective, and provide a potential alternative technology for saline wastewater treatment. The current review illustrates the latest knowledge on the use of CWs for treating saline wastewater. Though the function of plants and microorganisms in CWs is sometimes inhibited by salts, acceptable treatment effectiveness can still be achieved by screening halophyte, optimizing wetland structure and operation parameters, and by exploring the application of halophilic microorganisms. Factors influencing the effectiveness of CWs for saline wastewater treatment include; wetland structures, operation parameters, water pH, and temperature. Future studies are recommended on the removal of different types of target contaminants, strategies for strengthening the purification process, and on conducting large-scale field experiments under real-world conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liang, Yinxiu; Zhu, Hui; Yan, Baixing; Zhou, Qingwei; Yu, Xiangfei; Cheng, Xianwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Liang, Yinxiu; Zhou, Qingwei; Yu, Xiangfei; Cheng, Xianwei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Banuelos, Gary] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. EM zhuhui@iga.ac.cn FU National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CB430401]; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration in Northeast Normal U-niveristy [130026515]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471406] FX This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2013CB430401), the Open Fund of the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration in Northeast Normal U-niveristy (No. 130026515), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41471406). NR 148 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 44 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.005 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA EF6PZ UT WOS:000390454300032 ER PT J AU Young, DJN Stevens, JT Earles, JM Moore, J Ellis, A Jirka, AL Latimer, AM AF Young, Derek J. N. Stevens, Jens T. Earles, J. Mason Moore, Jeffrey Ellis, Adam Jirka, Amy L. Latimer, Andrew M. TI Long-term climate and competition explain forest mortality patterns under extreme drought SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE California; climate; climatic water deficit; competition; drought; forest; mortality; stress; tree ID HALF-CENTURY EVIDENCE; CALIFORNIA DROUGHT; TREE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATE FOREST; WATER-BALANCE; DYNAMICS; WESTERN; USA; CONTEXT AB Rising temperatures are amplifying drought-induced stress and mortality in forests globally. It remains uncertain, however, whether tree mortality across drought-stricken landscapes will be concentrated in particular climatic and competitive environments. We investigated the effects of long-term average climate [i.e. 35-year mean annual climatic water deficit (CWD)] and competition (i.e. tree basal area) on tree mortality patterns, using extensive aerial mortality surveys conducted throughout the forests of California during a 4-year statewide extreme drought lasting from 2012 to 2015. During this period, tree mortality increased by an order of magnitude, typically from tens to hundreds of dead trees per km 2, rising dramatically during the fourth year of drought. Mortality rates increased independently with average CWD and with basal area, and they increased disproportionately in areas that were both dry and dense. These results can assist forest managers and policy-makers in identifying the most drought-vulnerable forests across broad geographic areas. C1 [Young, Derek J. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Young, Derek J. N.; Latimer, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stevens, Jens T.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Earles, J. Mason] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey; Ellis, Adam; Jirka, Amy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Stevens, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jirka, Amy L.] Quercus Consultants, Redding, CA USA. RP Young, DJN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Young, DJN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM djyoung@ucdavis.edu FU NSF; EPA STAR Fellowship; Hatch Project [CA-D-PLS-2017-H] FX We thank M. P. North and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank Zachary Heath for providing valuable advice on working with the U.S. Forest Service Aerial Detection Survey data set. DJNY was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, JME was supported by an EPA STAR Fellowship and AML was supported under the Hatch Project CA-D-PLS-2017-H. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 36 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1111/ele.12711 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF0OV UT WOS:000390026200008 PM 28000432 ER PT J AU Pedersen, K Anderson, TD Bevins, SN Pabilonia, KL Whitley, PN Virchow, DR Gidlewski, T AF Pedersen, K. Anderson, T. D. Bevins, S. N. Pabilonia, K. L. Whitley, P. N. Virchow, D. R. Gidlewski, T. TI Evidence of leptospirosis in the kidneys and serum of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Feral swine; kidney; Leptospira; leptospirosis; Sus scrofa ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; WILD BOARS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; SEROSURVEY; SEROVARS; HUMANS; HOGS; PIGS AB Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. In the United States, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (Sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Over the past few years, feral swine populations have expanded their geographical range and distribution in the United States with reports in at least 39 of 50 states. Since feral swine serve as reservoirs for serovars that can infect humans, it is important to understand the risk of transmission. In order to learn more about the probability that feral swine shed infectious leptospires, we collected kidneys and paired serum when possible from 677 feral swine in 124 counties of 29 states. These counties had previously been identified as antibody positive for Leptospira interrogans serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae or Pomona. Although exposure to these same six serovars of leptospirosis continued to be high (53% overall) in the counties we sampled, we detected leptospiral DNA in only 34% of feral swine kidneys tested. Based on these results, it appears that although feral swine can serve as a source of infection to humans, especially in those who are more likely to encounter them directly such as wildlife biologists, veterinarians, and hunters, the risk may be relatively low. However, further studies to examine the relationship between leptospiral shedding in the urine and kidneys in addition to culturing the organism are recommended in order to better understand the risk associated with feral swine. C1 S Dept Agr, Ft Collins, CO, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, *, *, *. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, Oklahoma City, OK USA. S Dept Agr, Ft Collins, CO, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. S Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. S Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Pedersen, K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Anderson, T. D.; Pabilonia, K. L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bevins, S. N.; Gidlewski, T.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Whitley, P. N.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Virchow, D. R.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Pedersen, K (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kerri.Pedersen@aphis.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 145 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1017/S0950268816002247 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EF1RD UT WOS:000390101500010 PM 27697080 ER PT J AU Wyka, SA Smith, C Munck, IA Rock, BN Ziniti, BL Broders, K AF Wyka, Stephen A. Smith, Cheryl Munck, Isabel A. Rock, Barrett N. Ziniti, Beth L. Broders, Kirk TI Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climatic modeling; disease complex; emerging pathogens; Lecanosticta acicola; pathogens and climate change; plant pathogen epidemiology; precipitation; Septorioides strobus ID CANAVIRGELLA-BANFIELDII; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DOTHISTROMA-PINI; DISEASE; FOREST; DISPERSAL; REGRESSION; INFECTION; MODELS; FUNGI AB The defoliation of the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) across the northeastern United States is an escalating concern threatening the ecological health of northern forests and economic vitality of the region's lumber industry. First documented in the spring of 2010 affecting 24 328 hectares in the state of Maine, white pine needle damage (WPND) has continued to spread and is now well established in all New England states. While causal agents of WPND are known, current research is lacking in both sampling distribution and the specific environmental factor(s) that affect the development and spread of this disease complex. This study aims to construct a more detailed distribution map of the four primary causal agents within the region, as well as utilize long-term WPND monitoring plots and data collected from land-based weather stations to develop a climatic model to predict the severity of defoliation events in the proceeding year. Sampling results showed a greater distribution of WPND than previously reported. WPND was generally found in forest stands that compromised >50% eastern white pine by basal area. No single species, nor a specific combination of species had a dominating presence in particular states or regions, thus supporting the disease complex theory that WPND is neither caused by an individual species nor by a specific combination of species. In addition, regional weather data confirmed the trend of increasing temperature and precipitation observed in this region with the previous year's May, June, and July rainfall being the best predictor of defoliation events in the following year. Climatic models were developed to aid land managers in predicting disease severity and accordingly adjust their management decisions. Our results clearly demonstrate the role changing climate patterns have on the health of eastern white pine in the northeastern United States. C1 [Wyka, Stephen A.; Smith, Cheryl; Broders, Kirk] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Munck, Isabel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rock, Barrett N.] Univ New Hampshire, Deparment Nat Resources, Durhm, NH 03824 USA. [Ziniti, Beth L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Math & Stat, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Broders, Kirk] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Broders, K (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.; Broders, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Kirk.Broders@ColoState.edu OI Munck, Isabel/0000-0001-6889-9196 FU US Forest Service Evaluation Monitoring grant [NE-EM-B-13-03] FX We would like to thank Dr. Isabel Munck from the US Forest Service for her assistance with locating diseased trees at the long-term monitoring plots as well as Forest Health State Cooperators from Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, along with all Forest Watch schools (Sant Bani School, Sanborton, NH; Gilmanton Elementary School, Gilmanton, NH; Prospect Mountain High School, Alton, NH; Keene High School, Keene, NH; The Dublin School, Dublin, NH; French Pond School, Woodsville, NH; Salem High School, Salem, NH; Bath High School, Bath, ME) for collecting and sending in infected pine needles. We would also like to thank Tom Luther from the US Forest Service for his assistance in creating the eastern white pine host layer map. This work was funded by the US Forest Service Evaluation Monitoring grant #NE-EM-B-13-03. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 394 EP 405 DI 10.1111/gcb.13359 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF3IP UT WOS:000390218300033 PM 27196816 ER PT J AU Black, CK Davis, SC Hudiburg, TW Bernacchi, CJ DeLucia, EH AF Black, Christopher K. Davis, Sarah C. . Hudiburg, Tara W. Bernacchi, Carl J. . DeLucia, Evan H. TI Elevated CO2 and temperature increase soil C losses from a soybean-maize ecosystem SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; DayCent; priming; soil respiration; soybean free-air concentration enrichment; warming ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ENRICHMENT FACE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NORTHERN FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; GLYCINE-MAX; SEED YIELD; ZEA-MAYS AB Warming temperatures and increasing CO2 are likely to have large effects on the amount of carbon stored in soil, but predictions of these effects are poorly constrained. We elevated temperature (canopy: +2.8 degrees C; soil growing season: +1.8 degrees C; soil fallow: +2.3 degrees C) for 3 years within the 9th-11th years of an elevated CO2 (+ 200 ppm) experiment on a maize-soybean agroecosystem, measured respiration by roots and soil microbes, and then used a process-based ecosystem model (DayCent) to simulate the decadal effects of warming and CO2 enrichment on soil C. Both heating and elevated CO2 increased respiration from soil microbes by similar to 20%, but heating reduced respiration from roots and rhizosphere by similar to 25%. The effects were additive, with no heat 9 CO2 interactions. Particulate organic matter and total soil C declined over time in all treatments and were lower in elevated CO2 plots than in ambient plots, but did not differ between heat treatments. We speculate that these declines indicate a priming effect, with increased C inputs under elevated CO2 fueling a loss of old soil carbon. Model simulations of heated plots agreed with our observations and predicted loss of similar to 15% of soil organic C after 100 years of heating, but simulations of elevated CO2 failed to predict the observed C losses and instead predicted a similar to 4% gain in soil organic C under any heating conditions. Despite model uncertainty, our empirical results suggest that combined, elevated CO2 and temperature will lead to long-term declines in the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils. C1 [Black, Christopher K.; Bernacchi, Carl J. .; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Black, Christopher K.; Davis, Sarah C. .; Hudiburg, Tara W.; Bernacchi, Carl J. .; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Carl R Woese Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Davis, Sarah C. .] Ohio Univ, Voinovich Sch Leadership & Publ Affairs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Hudiburg, Tara W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J. .] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP DeLucia, EH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; DeLucia, EH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Carl R Woese Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM delucia@illinois.edu OI Black, Christopher/0000-0001-8382-298X FU US Department of Energy's National Institute for Climatic Change Research FX Thank you to Michael Masters, Nicholas DeLucia, Ahbisheik Pal, and Micah Sweeney for assistance with data collection; Michael Masters and Corey Mitchell for soil C analyses; David Drag and Kannan Puthuval for maintaining the experimental site; Sharon Gray, Matthew Siebers, Andrew Leakey, and Eva Joo for sharing calibration data; and Robert Paul, Benjamin Duval, and Cindy Keogh for valuable advice about DayCent. Portions of this research were funded by the US Department of Energy's National Institute for Climatic Change Research. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 39 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.1111/gcb.13378 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF3IP UT WOS:000390218300036 PM 27252041 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Jenkins, M de Courcelles, VD Keitel, C Barbour, MM Kayler, ZE Adams, MA AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Jenkins, Meaghan de Courcelles, Vivien de Remy Keitel, Claudia Barbour, Margaret M. Kayler, Zachary E. Adams, Mark A. TI Enhanced decomposition and nitrogen mineralization sustain rapid growth of Eucalyptus regnans after wildfire SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial activity; microbial carbon use efficiency; mountain ash; nitrogen stable isotope; plant-soil (below-ground) interactions; rhizosphere priming effect; trenched plots ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; F-MUELL FORESTS; ELEVATED CO2; EXTRACTION METHOD; NUTRIENT BALANCE; C-3 LEAVES; CARBON; BIOMASS; ACACIA; FIRE AB 1. Eucalyptus regnans grows rapidly from seed after wildfires, out-competing other species, thereby forming pure stands of mature forests that rank amongst the world's most carbon dense. By global standards, these forests grow on infertile soils. It is unclear how E. regnans is able to obtain large amounts nitrogen (N) from these infertile soils to support its rapid growth after fire. 2. We measured carbon (C) and N stored in plant biomass and photosynthetic rates of E. regnans 2 years after a wildfire and examined whether E. regnans stimulated its own N supply through rootinduced increases in microbial decomposition and N mineralization. We compared microbial biomass, gross N mineralization rates and soil C in trenched and rooted plots. 3. Photosynthetic rates of E. regnans seedlings were high and comparable to photosynthetic rates observed in fertilized crops. Presence of roots of E. regnans and allied microflora enhanced gross N mineralization more than fivefold compared to soil without roots present. Soil microbial biomass was more than doubled by root presence. The soil N pulse caused by the fire and N mineralization rates in the absence of roots were too small to account for the large amount of N stored in E. regnans 2 years after the fire. 4. Our results suggest that E. regnans facilitated its rapid growth by enhancing microbial activity and N mineralization. This enhanced microbial activity also contributed to a substantial loss of soil C (similar to 62% of carbon gained in plant biomass was concurrently lost from soil). 5. Synthesis. At the ecosystem scale, the synergistic effects of plant growth and soil N mineralization need to be carefully assessed against costs to soil C for forests regenerating after disturbance. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.; Jenkins, Meaghan; de Courcelles, Vivien de Remy; Keitel, Claudia; Barbour, Margaret M.; Adams, Mark A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Fac Agr & Environm, Ctr Carbon Water & Food, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. [Jenkins, Meaghan] Univ Wollongong, Fac Sci Hlth & Med, Sch Biol, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Kayler, Zachary E.] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res, Inst Landscape Biogeochem, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Kayler, Zachary E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Fac Agr & Environm, Ctr Carbon Water & Food, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. EM feike.dijkstra@sydney.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [FT100100779] FX This research was supported by the Australian Research Council (FT100100779). We like to thank Michael Kemp for research assistance, Ted Wearne from the Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment for facilitating access to the site, the Lancefield Guesthouse for their hospitality and facilitating a field laboratory, and two anonymous referees for their constructive comments. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 105 IS 1 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12663 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4VV UT WOS:000390331000022 ER PT J AU Kondo, MC Han, S Donovan, GH MacDonald, JM AF Kondo, Michelle C. Han, SeungHoon Donovan, Geoffrey H. MacDonald, John M. TI The association between urban trees and crime: Evidence from the spread of the emerald ash borer in Cincinnati SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Trees; Crime; Invasive tree pests; Emerald ash borer ID BUILT-ENVIRONMENT; INNER-CITY; HEALTH; NEIGHBORHOODS; DISORDER; CANOPY; IMPACT; SAFETY; SPACES; FEAR AB The ecological impact of invasive tree pests is increasing worldwide. However, invasive tree pests may also have significant social costs. We investigated the association between the emerald ash borer (EAB)-an invasive tree pest first discovered in the US in 2002- and crime in Cincinnati, Ohio. We used a natural experimental approach, and compared crime (in 11 classes) on census block groups infested with EAB with crime on block groups not infested with EAB between 2005 and 2014. We accounted for demographic and biological differences between infested and un-infested block groups using propensity-score weighting. EAB infestation was significantly and positively associated with relative increases in crime in all but four crime categories. Our results suggest that invasive tree pests may be associated with social costs worth considering when managing invasive species. By extension, healthy trees may provide significant social benefits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kondo, Michelle C.; Han, SeungHoon] USDA, Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, 100 North 20th St,Ste 205, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Han, SeungHoon] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [MacDonald, John M.] Univ Penn, Sch Arts Sci, Dept Criminol, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Kondo, MC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, 100 North 20th St,Ste 205, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM michelleckondo@fs.fed.us; sehan@sas.upenn.edu; gdonovan@fs.fed.us; johnmm@sas.upenn.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [R49CE002474]; USDA-Forest Service; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Pennsylvania FX This work was supported with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant no. R49CE002474 to JMM), from the USDA-Forest Service, and from the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Pennsylvania. We would also like to thank the Cincinnati Police Department; and Dave Gamstetter, urban forester with the Cincinnati Park Board. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.07.003 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300018 ER PT J AU Baigas, PE Squires, JR Olson, LE Ivan, JS Roberts, EK AF Baigas, Phillip E. Squires, John R. Olson, Lucretia E. Ivan, Jacob S. Roberts, Elizabeth. K. TI Using environmental features to model highway crossing behavior of Canada lynx in the Southern Rocky Mountains SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Highway crossing; Lynx canadensis; Habitat connectivity; Highway crossing probability; Colorado; Highway mitigation; Canada lynx ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; VEHICLE COLLISIONS; MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; NATIONAL-PARK; WILDLIFE; ROADS; CONSERVATION AB Carnivores are particularly sensitive to reductions in population connectivity caused by human disturbance and habitat fragmentation. Permeability of transportation corridors to carnivore movements is central to species conservation given the large spatial extent of transportation networks and the high mobility of many carnivore species. We investigated the degree to which two-lane highways were permeable to movements of resident Canada lynx in the Southern Rocky Mountains based on highway crossings (n=593) documented with GPS telemetry. All lynx crossed highways when present in home ranges at an average rate of 0.6 crossings per day. Lynx mostly crossed highways during the night and early dawn when traffic volumes were low. Five of 13 lynx crossed highways less frequently than expected when compared to random expectation, but even these individuals crossed highways frequently in parts of their home range. We developed fine- and landscape-scale resource selection function (RSF) models with field and remotely sensed data, respectively. At the fine scale, lynx selected crossings with low distances to vegetative cover and higher tree basal area; we found no support that topography or road infrastructure affected lynx crossing. At the landscape scale, lynx crossed highways in areas with high forest canopy cover in drainages on primarily north-facing aspects. The predicted crossing probabilities generated from the landscape-scale RSF model across western Colorado, USA, were successful in identifying known lynx crossing sites as documented with independent snow-tracking and road-mortality data. We discuss effective mitigation based on model results. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Baigas, Phillip E.; Squires, John R.; Olson, Lucretia E.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Ivan, Jacob S.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Roberts, Elizabeth. K.] USDA Forest Serv, White River Natl Forest, 900 Grand Ave, Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 USA. RP Olson, LE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM pebaigas@gmail.com; jsquires@fs.fed.us; lucretiaolson@fs.fed.us; jake.ivan@state.co.us; ekroberts@fs.fed.us FU United States Forest Service Region 2; Colorado Department of Transportation FX We thank the United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests, White River National Forest, and San Juan National Forest for logistical support. We greatly appreciated the statistical advice provided by S. Baggett and B. Bird, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Funding was provided by the United States Forest Service Region 2 and the Colorado Department of Transportation. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to the manuscript. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.007 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300019 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Gese, EM Young, JK AF Poessel, Sharon A. Gese, Eric M. Young, Julie K. TI Environmental factors influencing the occurrence of coyotes and conflicts in urban areas SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Carnivore; Habitat; Human-coyote conflict; Landscape ecology; Urban ecology ID CHICAGO METROPOLITAN-AREA; UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN COYOTES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; BIODIVERSITY; DENSITIES; CONSERVATION; RICHNESS AB The increase of global urbanization can have effects on wildlife species, including carnivores such as coyotes (Canis latrans). As coyotes continue to settle in more urban areas, reports of human-coyote conflicts, such as attacks on humans or pets, may also increase. Understanding environmental variables that might influence whether or not coyotes and human-coyote conflicts will occur in certain urban areas may assist wildlife officials in creating management plans for urban wildlife. We conducted a survey of 105 urban areas in the United States requesting information on the occurrence of coyotes and human coyote conflicts. We analyzed the responses with data on human population size, geographic region, land cover, housing density, and precipitation. Larger urban areas were more likely to contain both coyotes and human-coyote conflicts, and were also more likely to have greater numbers of conflicts. Urban areas in the western regions with larger amounts of high-intensity development and less forested and agricultural areas were more likely to have conflicts. Most urban areas considered the management of conflicts to be of low priority and emphasized education of citizens rather than removal of individual coyotes. Our results may assist urban wildlife managers in understanding the geographic and demographic factors correlated with the occurrence of coyotes and human-coyote conflicts. Practices such as education campaigns and landscape design incorporating wildlife habitat modifications (e.g., reducing dense cover) may reduce human-carnivore conflicts in urban ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gese, Eric M.; Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 970 S Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM sharpoes@gmail.com; eric.gese@usu.edu; julie.young@usu.edu OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Logan, Utah; Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Logan, Utah, and the Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. We thank the many wildlife agencies, animal control organizations, and police departments that responded to our survey questions. We also thank S. Durham for statistical assistance. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 44 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.022 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300025 ER PT J AU Bodnaruk, EW Kroll, CN Yang, Y Hirabayashi, S Nowak, DJ Endreny, TA AF Bodnaruk, E. W. Kroll, C. N. Yang, Y. Hirabayashi, S. Nowak, D. J. Endreny, T. A. TI Where to plant urban trees? A spatially explicit methodology to explore ecosystem service tradeoffs SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urban forestry; Ecosystem services; Tradeoffs; Priority planting; Spatial pattern ID AIR-QUALITY; CITIES; URBANIZATION; ENVIRONMENTS; CHALLENGES; BALTIMORE; MORTALITY; POLLUTANT; BENEFITS; REMOVAL AB Urban trees can help mitigate some of the environmental degradation linked to the rapid urbanization of humanity. Many municipalities are implementing ambitious tree planting programs to help remove air pollution, mitigate urban heat island effects, and provide other ecosystem services and benefits but lack quantitative tools to explore priority planting locations and potential tradeoffs between services. This work demonstrates a quantitative method for exploring priority planting and ecosystem service tradeoffs in Baltimore, Maryland using spatially explicit biophysical iTree models. Several planting schemes were created based on the individual optimization of a number of metrics related to services and benefits of air pollution and heat mitigation ecosystem services. The results demonstrate that different tree planting schemes would be pursued based on the ecosystem service or benefit maximized, revealing tradeoffs between services and priority planting locations. With further development including consideration of additional ecosystem services, disservices, user input, and costs of tree planting and maintenance, this approach could provide city planners, urban foresters, and members of the public with a powerful tool to better manage urban forest systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bodnaruk, E. W.; Kroll, C. N.; Endreny, T. A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Yang, Y.; Nowak, D. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Yang, Y.] Davey Inst, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Hirabayashi, S.] Davey Tree Expert Co, Davey Inst, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Bodnaruk, EW (reprint author), 1 Forestry Dr,321 Baker Labs, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM ebodnaruk@gmail.com; cnkroll@esf.edu; yyang31@syr.edu; Satoshi.Hirabayashi@davey.com; dnowak@fs.fed.us; te@esf.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service [11-DG-11132544-340]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [PL-5937]; SUNY ESF Department of Environmental Resources Engineering FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service with grant 11-DG-11132544-340 recommended by the National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Council, grant PL-5937 from the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, and additional support from the SUNY ESF Department of Environmental Resources Engineering. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 56 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.08.016 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300042 ER PT J AU Mockrin, MH Reed, SE Pejchar, L Salo, J AF Mockrin, Miranda H. Reed, Sarah E. Pejchar, Liba Salo, Jessica TI Balancing housing growth and land conservation: Conservation development preserves private lands near protected areas SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Conservation subdivision; Residential development; Open space; Private protected areas; Landscape connectivity; Land use planning; Subdivision design ID UNITED-STATES; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; USE REGULATIONS; SUBDIVISIONS; BARRIERS; COMMUNITIES; MECHANISMS; BENEFITS; WILDLIFE AB Housing development has emerged as a primary driver of land-use change around the world. In the United States, there is particular concern about low-density residential development on rural lands, which often occurs in places with abundant natural amenities. Conservation development (CD), housing development that incorporates protected open space, has emerged as a tool that can accommodate development and achieve land protection, potentially forming networks with existing protected areas. To assess how these developments contribute to housing and conservation at the landscape level, we gathered data on 343 CDs in 13 counties throughout the State of Colorado, U.S.A., including the number, location, and open space configuration of these housing developments. We found that although CDs comprise a small proportion of housing (4% on average), they account for a mean of 11% of privately owned protected lands, and they are often located in close proximity to protected areas (on average <400 m). A majority of these developments (76%) are immediately adjacent to at least one protected area, most commonly the protected open space of other CDs, and more than one-third (33%) of these developments are adjacent to two or more protected areas with different ownership. We conclude that CDs are poised to contribute to conservation at the landscape level in Colorado, given their proximity to protected lands. However, here and elsewhere, strategic placement of these housing developments and well-coordinated open space stewardship will be important if they are to serve as functional parts of protected area networks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mockrin, Miranda H.] US Forest Serv, Human Dimens Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Reed, Sarah E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, North Amer Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pejchar, Liba] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Salo, Jessica] Univ Northern Colorado, Dept Geog, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. [Salo, Jessica] Univ Northern Colorado, GIS, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Mockrin, MH (reprint author), 5523 Res Pk Dr,Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM mhmockrin@fs.fed.us; sreed@wcs.org; Liba.Pejchar@colostate.edu; jessica.salo@unco.edu FU USDA Forest Service (Rocky Mountain Research Station); School of Global Environmental Sustainability; Robert and Patricia Switzer Foundation; National Association of Realtors FX This article is a product of the Global Challenges Research Team on Conservation Development, School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University (http://cd.colostate.edu). We are grateful for funding from the USDA Forest Service (Rocky Mountain Research Station), School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Robert and Patricia Switzer Foundation, and National Association of Realtors. Ian Yesilionis and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on this manuscript. Benjamin Bird of the Rocky Mountain Resarch Station, USDA Forest Service provided helpful statistical advice. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 598 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.09.015 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300055 ER PT J AU Paradis, E Gosselin, T Grunwald, NJ Jombart, T Manel, S Lapp, H AF Paradis, Emmanuel Gosselin, Thierry Grunwald, Niklaus J. Jombart, Thibaut Manel, Stephanie Lapp, Hilmar TI Towards an integrated ecosystem of R packages for the analysis of population genetic data SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE allelic data; NGS data; R; variant call format ID GENOMICS C1 [Paradis, Emmanuel] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Inst Sci Evolut,EPHE, Pl Eugene Bataillon CC 065, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Gosselin, Thierry] Univ Laval, IBIS, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jombart, Thibaut] Imperial Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, London W2 1PG, England. [Manel, Stephanie] PSL Res Univ, EPHE, CNRS, UM,SupAgro,IRD,INRA,UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier Cefe, France. [Lapp, Hilmar] Duke Univ, Ctr Genom & Computat Biol GCB, 101 Sci Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Paradis, E (reprint author), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Inst Sci Evolut,EPHE, Pl Eugene Bataillon CC 065, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. EM emmanuel.paradis@ird.fr NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12636 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF6BC UT WOS:000390413500001 PM 27860406 ER PT J AU Knaus, BJ Grunwald, NJ AF Knaus, Brian J. Grunwald, Niklaus J. TI VCFR: a package to manipulate and visualize variant call format data in R SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE data visualization; high-throughput sequencing; quality control; variant call format specification ID DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; GENOME BROWSER; FRAMEWORK AB Software to call single-nucleotide polymorphisms or related genetic variants has converged on the variant call format (VCF) as the output format of choice. This has created a need for tools to work with VCF files. While an increasing number of software exists to read VCF data, many only extract the genotypes without including the data associated with each genotype that describes its quality. We created the R package VCFR to address this issue. We developed a VCF file exploration tool implemented in the R language because R provides an interactive experience and an environment that is commonly used for genetic data analysis. Functions to read and write VCF files into R as well as functions to extract portions of the data and to plot summary statistics of the data are implemented. VCFR further provides the ability to visualize how various parameterizations of the data affect the results. Additional tools are included to integrate sequence (FASTA) and annotation data (GFF) for visualization of genomic regions such as chromosomes. Conversion functions translate data from the VCFR data structure to formats used by other R genetics packages. Computationally intensive functions are implemented in C++ to improve performance. Use of these tools is intended to facilitate VCF data exploration, including intuitive methods for data quality control and easy export to other R packages for further analysis. VCFR thus provides essential, novel tools currently not available in R. C1 [Knaus, Brian J.; Grunwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.; Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Nik.Grunwald@ars.usda.gov OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service [5358-22000-039-00D]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68004-30154] FX We acknowledge Javier F. Tabima (Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University) for extensive alpha testing that greatly improved the R code. Zhian N. Kamvar (Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University) provided valuable discussion on R package development. N.J.G. thanks NESCent for organizing the 2015 Population Genetics in R Hackathon in Durham, NC. This research is supported in part by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Grant 5358-22000-039-00D and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant 2011-68004-30154 to N.J.G. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12549 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF6BC UT WOS:000390413500007 PM 27401132 ER PT J AU Kamvar, ZN Lopez-Uribe, MM Coughlan, S Grunwald, NJ Lapp, H Manel, S AF Kamvar, Zhian N. Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. Coughlan, Simone Grunwald, Niklaus J. Lapp, Hilmar Manel, Stephanie TI Developing educational resources for population genetics in R: an open and collaborative approach SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE git; GitHub; online resources; open access; open education; population genetics ID GENOMICS; PACKAGE; TOOLS AB The R computing and statistical language community has developed a myriad of resources for conducting population genetic analyses. However, resources for learning how to carry out population genetic analyses in R are scattered and often incomplete, which can make acquiring this skill unnecessarily difficult and time consuming. To address this gap, we developed an online community resource with guidance and working demonstrations for conducting population genetic analyses in R. The resource is freely available at http://popgen.nescent.org and includes material for both novices and advanced users of R for population genetics. To facilitate continued maintenance and growth of this resource, we developed a toolchain, process and conventions designed to (i) minimize financial and labour costs of upkeep; (ii) to provide a low barrier to contribution; and (iii) to ensure strong quality assurance. The toolchain includes automatic integration testing of every change and rebuilding of the website when new vignettes or edits are accepted. The process and conventions largely follow a common, distributed version control-based contribution workflow, which is used to provide and manage open peer review by designated website editors. The online resources include detailed documentation of this process, including video tutorials. We invite the community of population geneticists working in R to contribute to this resource, whether for a new use case of their own, or as one of the vignettes from the ` wish list' we maintain, or by improving existing vignettes. C1 [Kamvar, Zhian N.; Grunwald, Niklaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coughlan, Simone] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Math Stat & Appl Math, Galway, Ireland. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lapp, Hilmar] Duke Univ, Ctr Genom & Computat Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Manel, Stephanie] PSL Res Univ, CNRS, EPHE, UM,SupAgro,IRD,INRA,CEFE,UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. RP Manel, S (reprint author), PSL Res Univ, CNRS, EPHE, UM,SupAgro,IRD,INRA,CEFE,UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. EM stephanie.manel@cefe.cnrs.fr RI Kamvar, Zhian/C-5236-2017; OI Kamvar, Zhian/0000-0003-1458-7108; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12558 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF6BC UT WOS:000390413500015 PM 27297607 ER PT J AU Simko, I Jimenez-Berni, JA Sirault, XRR AF Simko, Ivan Jimenez-Berni, Jose A. Sirault, Xavier R. R. TI Phenomic Approaches and Tools for Phytopathologists SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; RESISTANT LETTUCE CULTIVARS; POWDERY MILDEW INFECTION; WHEAT DISEASE DETECTION; CHLOROPHYLL-FLUORESCENCE; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SUGAR-BEET; THERMAL IMAGERY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES AB Plant phenomics approaches aim to measure traits such as growth, performance, and composition of plants using a suite of noninvasive technologies. The goal is to link phenotypic traits to the genetic information for particular genotypes, thus creating the bridge between the phenome and genome. Application of sensing technologies for detecting specific phenotypic reactions occurring during plant pathogen interaction offers new opportunities for elucidating the physiological mechanisms that link pathogen infection and disease symptoms in the host, and also provides a faster approach in the selection of genetic material that is resistant to specific pathogens or strains. Appropriate phenomics methods and tools may also allow presymptomatic detection of disease-related changes in plants or to identify changes that are not visually apparent. This review focuses on the use of sensor-based phenomics tools in plant pathology such as those related to digital imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, spectral imaging, and thermal imaging. A brief introduction is provided for less used approaches like magnetic resonance, soft x-ray imaging, ultrasound, and detection of volatile compounds. We hope that this concise review will stimulate further development and use of tools for automatic, nondestructive, and high-throughput phenotyping of plant-pathogen interaction. C1 [Simko, Ivan] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Jimenez-Berni, Jose A.; Sirault, Xavier R. R.] CSIRO Agr & Food, High Resolut Plant Phen Ctr, Australian Plant Phen Facil, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ivan.Simko@ars.usda.gov RI Jimenez-Berni, Jose/F-8602-2011 OI Jimenez-Berni, Jose/0000-0001-6542-921X NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 6 EP 17 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-16-0082-RVW PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EF1KM UT WOS:000390083700001 PM 27618193 ER PT J AU Choudhury, RA Koike, ST Fox, AD Anchieta, A Subbarao, KV Klosterman, SJ McRoberts, N AF Choudhury, R. A. Koike, S. T. Fox, A. D. Anchieta, A. Subbarao, K. V. Klosterman, S. J. McRoberts, N. TI Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Airborne Dispersal of Spinach Downy Mildew SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTRYTIS LEAF-BLIGHT; F-SP SPINACIAE; PLANT-DISEASE; PERONOSPORA-FARINOSA; PSEUDOPERONOSPORA-CUBENSIS; AERIAL DISPERSAL; ERYSIPHE-NECATOR; SPORE DISPERSAL; PATHOGENS; EPIDEMICS AB Downy mildew is the most devastating disease threatening sustainable spinach production, particularly in the organic sector. The disease is caused by the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Peronospora effusa, and the disease results in yellow lesions that render the crop unmarketable. In this study, the levels of DNA from airborne spores of P. efffusa were assessed near a field of susceptible plants in Salinas, CA during the winter months of 2013-14 and 2014/15 using rotating-arm impaction spore-trap samplers that were assessed with a species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Low levels of P. effusa DNA were detectable from December through February in both winters but increased during January in both years, in correlation with observed disease incidence; sharp peaks in P. effusa DNA detection were associated with the onset of disease incidence. The incidence of downy mildew in the susceptible field displayed logistic-like dynamics but with considerable interseason variation. Analysis of the area under the disease progress curves suggested that the 2013-14 epidemic was significantly more severe than the 2014-15 epidemic. Spatial analyses indicated that disease incidence was dependent within an average range of 5.6 m, approximately equivalent to the width of three planted beds in a typical production field. The spatial distribution of spores captured during an active epidemic most closely fit a power-law distribution but could also be fit with an exponential distribution. These studies revealed two important results in the epidemiology of spinach downy mildew in California. First, they demonstrated the potential of impaction spore-trap samplers linked with a qPCR assay for indicating periods of high disease risk, as well as the detection of long-distance dispersal of P. effusa spores. Second, at the scale of individual crops, a high degree of spatial aggregation in disease incidence was revealed. C1 [Choudhury, R. A.; Subbarao, K. V.; McRoberts, N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, 1432 Abbott St, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Fox, A. D.] Fox Weather LLC, Fortuna, CA 95540 USA. [Anchieta, A.; Klosterman, S. J.] ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP McRoberts, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Klosterman, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM steve.klosterman@ars.usda.gov; nmcroberts@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; California Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program [SCB14043] FX We thank the California Leafy Greens Research Program and the California Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (number SCB14043) for funding this research, W. Mahaffee (United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [USDA-ARS], Corvallis, OR) for providing some spore-trap materials and advice, L. Ochoa (USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA) and R. Pena (Hartnell College, Salinas, CA) for collecting spore-trap samples, S. Benzen for maintaining the Salinas USDA-ARS spinach plots, L. Montenegro and R. Gearheart for weather data programming and support, K. Arnold and C. Gigot for helpful comments on data analysis, and two anonymous reviewers and C.-L. Xiao for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-16-0162-R PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EF1KM UT WOS:000390083700005 PM 27482627 ER PT J AU Campbell, AS Ploetz, RC Rollins, JA AF Campbell, A. S. Ploetz, R. C. Rollins, J. A. TI Comparing Avocado, Swamp Bay, and Camphortree as Hosts of Raffaelea lauricola Using a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Labeled Strain of the Pathogen SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; REDBAY AMBROSIA BEETLE; LAUREL WILT; XYLEBORUS-GLABRATUS; CINNAMOMUM-CAMPHORA; PERSEA-AMERICANA; XYLEM; DISEASES AB Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus, causes laurel wilt in members of the Lauraceae plant family. North American species in the family, such as avocado (Persea americana) and swamp bay (P. palustris), are particularly susceptible to laurel wilt, whereas the Asian camphortree (Cinnamomum camphora) is relatively tolerant. To determine whether susceptibility is related to pathogen colonization, a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricola was generated and used to inoculate avocado, swamp bay, and camphortree. Trees were harvested 3, 10, and 30 days after inoculation (DAI), and disease severity was rated on a 1-to-10 scale. By 30 DAI, avocado and swamp bay developed significantly more severe disease than camphor tree (mean severities of 6.8 and 5.5 versus 1.6, P < 0.003). The extent of xylem colonization was recorded as the percentage of lumena that were colonized by the pathogen. More xylem was colonized in avocado than camphortree (0.9% versus 0.1%, P < 0.03) but colonization in swamp bay (0.4%) did not differ significantly from either host. Although there were significant correlations between xylem colonization and laurel wilt severity in avocado (r = 0.74), swamp bay (r = 0.82), and camphortree (r = 0.87), even severely affected trees of all species were scarcely colonized by the pathogen. C1 [Campbell, A. S.; Ploetz, R. C.] Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Rollins, J. A.] Univ Florida, Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Campbell, A. S.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Campbell, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA.; Campbell, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alina.campbell@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-51181-05915] FX This research was partially funded by United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2009-51181-05915 to R. C. Ploetz. We thank A. Black for propagating camphortree plants that were used in these studies, and J. Colee (University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Statistics Department) for help with the statistical analysis. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-16-0072-R PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EF1KM UT WOS:000390083700007 PM 27602540 ER PT J AU Burlakoti, RR Gyawali, S Chao, S Smith, KP Horsley, RD Cooper, B Muehlbauer, GJ Neate, SM AF Burlakoti, R. R. Gyawali, S. Chao, S. Smith, K. P. Horsley, R. D. Cooper, B. Muehlbauer, G. J. Neate, S. M. TI Genome-Wide Association Study of Spot Form of Net Blotch Resistance in the Upper Midwest Barley Breeding Programs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE association mapping; Hordeum vulgare ID TERES-F-MACULATA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT LANDRACES; PYRENOPHORA-TERES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PATHOGENIC VARIATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SCALD RESISTANCE AB Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, the causal agent of spot form of net blotch (SFNB), is an emerging pathogen of barley in the United States and Australia. Compared with net form of net blotch (NFNB), less is known in the U.S. Upper Midwest barley breeding programs about host resistance and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with SFNB in breeding lines. The main objective of this study was to identify QTL associated with SFNB resistance in the Upper Midwest two-rowed and six-rowed barley breeding programs using a genome-wide association study approach. A total of 376 breeding lines of barley were evaluated for SFNB resistance at the seedling stage in the greenhouse in Fargo in 2009. The lines were genotyped with 3,072 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Phenotypic evaluation showed a wide range of variability among populations from the four breeding programs and the two barley-row types. The two-rowed barley lines were more susceptible to SFNB than the six-rowed lines. Continuous distributions of SFNB severity indicate the quantitative nature of SFNB resistance. The mixed linear model (MLM) analysis, which included both population structure and kinship matrices, was used to identify significant SNP-SFNB associations. Principal component analysis was used to control false marker-trait association. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimates varied among chromosomes (10 to 20 cM). The MLM analysis identified 10 potential QTL in barley: SFNB-2H-8-10, SFNB-2H-38.03, SFNB-3H-58.64, SFNB-3H-78.53, SFNB-3H-91.88, SFNB-3H-117.1, SFNB-5H- 155.3, SFNB-6H-5.4, SFNB-6H-33.74, and SFNB-7H-34.82. Among them, four QTL (SFNB-2H-8-10, SFNB-2H-38.03 SFNB-3H-78.53, and SFNB-3H117.1) have not previously been published. Identification of SFNB resistant lines and QTL associated with SFNB resistance in this study will be useful in the development of barley genotypes with better SFNB resistance. C1 [Burlakoti, R. R.; Gyawali, S.] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NDSU Dept 7660, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Chao, S.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Smith, K. P.; Muehlbauer, G. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Horsley, R. D.] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, NDSU Dept 7670, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Cooper, B.] BARI, 3515 E Richards Lake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Neate, S. M.] Univ Southern Queensland, Ctr Crop Hlth, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Burlakoti, R. R.] World Vegetable Ctr, POB 42, Tainan 74151, Taiwan. [Gyawali, S.] ICARDA, INRA M Inst, Rue Haflane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10112, Morocco. RP Burlakoti, RR (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NDSU Dept 7660, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.; Burlakoti, RR (reprint author), World Vegetable Ctr, POB 42, Tainan 74151, Taiwan. EM rrburlakoti@gmail.com FU barley CAP (USDA9 CSREES-NRI) [2006-55606-16722]; American Malting Barley Association FX This study was supported by the barley CAP (USDA9 CSREES-NRI grant 2006-55606-16722) and the American Malting Barley Association. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-16-0136-R PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EF1KM UT WOS:000390083700011 PM 27552325 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL AF Friesen, Timothy L. TI Nicotiana benthamiana as a nonhost of Zymoseptoria tritici SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE effector-triggered immunity (ETI); host-pathogen interactions; necrotrophs; Nicotiana benthamiana; nonhost resistance (NHR); PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI); pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP); wheat; Zymoseptoria tritici ID WHEAT; RESISTANCE C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.] ARS, Cereal Crop Res Unit, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Crop Res Unit, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 213 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ED9IY UT WOS:000389184600002 PM 27891645 ER PT J AU Niinemets, U Berry, JA von Caemmerer, S Ort, DR Parry, MAJ Poorter, H AF Niinemets, Ulo Berry, Joseph A. von Caemmerer, Susanne Ort, Donald R. Parry, Martin A. J. Poorter, Hendrik TI Photosynthesis: ancient, essential, complex, diverse ... and in need of improvement in a changing world SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE crop improvement; global change; photosynthesis; photosynthetic controls; remote sensing; Rubisco ID RUBISCO CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; C-3 PLANTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 DIFFUSION; GLOBAL FOOD; LEAVES; FLUORESCENCE; FUTURE C1 [Niinemets, Ulo] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Niinemets, Ulo] Estonian Acad Sci, Kohtu 6, EE-10130 Tallinn, Estonia. [Berry, Joseph A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [von Caemmerer, Susanne] Australian Natl Univ, Plant Sci Div, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Parry, Martin A. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Poorter, Hendrik] Forschungszentrum Julich, Plant Sci IBG 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Niinemets, U (reprint author), Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia.; Niinemets, U (reprint author), Estonian Acad Sci, Kohtu 6, EE-10130 Tallinn, Estonia. EM ylo.niinemets@emu.ee NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 213 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ED9IY UT WOS:000389184600007 PM 27891642 ER PT J AU Grabowski, PP Evans, J Daum, C Deshpande, S Barry, KW Kennedy, M Ramstein, G Kaeppler, SM Buell, CR Jiang, YW Casler, MD AF Grabowski, Paul P. Evans, Joseph Daum, Chris Deshpande, Shweta Barry, Kerrie W. Kennedy, Megan Ramstein, Guillaume Kaeppler, Shawn M. Buell, C. Robin Jiang, Yiwei Casler, Michael D. TI Genome-wide associations with flowering time in switchgrass using exome-capture sequencing data SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; exome-capture; flowering time; genome-wide association studies (GWAS); Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; PANICUM VIRGATUM; DIVERGENT SELECTION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; HEADING DATE; MAIZE; PHOTOPERIOD; ADAPTATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Flowering time is a major determinant of biomass yield in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a perennial bioenergy crop, because later flowering allows for an extended period of vegetative growth and increased biomass production. A better understanding of the genetic regulation of flowering time in switchgrass will aid the development of switchgrass varieties with increased biomass yields, particularly at northern latitudes, where late-flowering but southern- adapted varieties have high winter mortality. We use genotypes derived from recently published exome-capture sequencing, which mitigates challenges related to the large, highly repetitive and polyploid switchgrass genome, to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using flowering time data from a switchgrass association panel in an effort to characterize the genetic architecture and genes underlying flowering time regulation in switchgrass. We identify associations with flowering time at multiple loci, including in a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T and in a locus containing TIMELESS, a homolog of a key circadian regulator in animals. Our results suggest that flowering time variation in switchgrass is due to variation at many positions across the genome. The relationship of flowering time and geographic origin indicates likely roles for genes in the photoperiod and autonomous pathways in generating switchgrass flowering time variation. C1 [Grabowski, Paul P.; Casler, Michael D.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Evans, Joseph] DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Evans, Joseph; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Evans, Joseph; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Daum, Chris; Deshpande, Shweta; Barry, Kerrie W.; Kennedy, Megan] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Ramstein, Guillaume; Kaeppler, Shawn M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kaeppler, Shawn M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 1552 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Jiang, Yiwei] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Grabowski, PP (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM grabowsp@gmail.com OI Grabowski, Paul/0000-0002-4372-0847 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; US DOE [DE-SC0010631, DE-SC0008180]; Office of Science of the US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494) and the US DOE, grant nos. DE-SC0010631 and DE-SC0008180. We thank the US DOE Joint Genome Institute for pre-publication access to the v.1.1 Panicum virgatum genome. The work conducted by the US DOE Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. [Correction added after online publication 22 July 2016: grant information for the DOE BER Office of Science was updated.] NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 213 IS 1 BP 154 EP 169 DI 10.1111/nph.14101 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ED9IY UT WOS:000389184600018 PM 27443672 ER PT J AU Dinkins, RD Nagabhyru, P Graham, MA Boykin, D Schardl, CL AF Dinkins, Randy D. Nagabhyru, Padmaja Graham, Michelle A. Boykin, Deborah Schardl, Christopher L. TI Transcriptome response of Lolium arundinaceum to its fungal endophyte Epichloe coenophiala SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE differential expression; Epichloe coenophiala; Lolium arundinaceum; RNA-seq; transcriptome ID TALL FESCUE ENDOPHYTE; NEOTYPHODIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; GRASS ENDOPHYTES; ABSCISIC-ACID; FINE FESCUES AB Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) is one of the primary forage and turf grasses in temperate regions of the world. A number of favourable characteristics of tall fescue are enhanced by its seed-transmissible fungal symbiont (endophyte) Epichloe coenophiala. Our approach was to assemble the tall fescue transcriptome, then identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for endophyte-symbiotic (E+) vs endophyte-free (E-) clones in leaf blades, pseudostems, crowns and roots. RNA-seq reads were used to construct a tall fescue reference transcriptome and compare gene expression profiles. Over all tissues examined, 478 DEGs were identified between the E+ and E- clones for at least one tissue (more than two-fold; P < 0.0001, 238 E+ > E- and 240 E- > E+), although no genes were differentially expressed in all four tissues. Gene ontology (GO) terms, GO: 0010200 (response to chitin), GO: 0002679 (respiratory burst during defence response) and GO: 0035556 (intracellular signal transduction) were significantly overrepresented among 25 E- > E+ DEGs in leaf blade, and a number of other DEGs were associated with defence and abiotic response. In particular, endophyte effects on various WRKY transcription factors may have implications for symbiotic stability, endophyte distribution in the plant, or defence against pathogens. C1 [Dinkins, Randy D.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Nagabhyru, Padmaja; Schardl, Christopher L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Boykin, Deborah] ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dinkins, RD (reprint author), ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM randy.dinkins@ars.usda.gov OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X FU United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (CRIS) [5042-21000-002-00D, 5030-21220-005-00D]; NCBI [PRJNA284541]; [2013-07022058] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Troy Bass for glasshouse care, Walter Hollin and Courtney Frantom for technical support in the laboratory, and John Fellers and Carolyn Young for reviews on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (CRIS project nos. 5042-21000-002-00D and 5030-21220-005-00D) and Special Cooperative Agreement grant 2013-07022058. All of the RNA-seq datasets utilized in the experiment and FASTA file of the TF153K assembly are available at NCBI (BioProject PRJNA284541). This is publication number 16-12-066 of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, published with the approval of the director. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 33 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 213 IS 1 BP 324 EP 337 DI 10.1111/nph.14103 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ED9IY UT WOS:000389184600031 PM 27477008 ER PT J AU Fu, GF Dai, XT Symanzik, U Bushman, S AF Fu, Guifang Dai, Xiaotian Symanzik, Urgen Bushman, Shaun TI Quantitative gene-gene and gene-environment mapping for leaf shape variation using tree-based models SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE gene-environment; gene-gene; leaf shape; quantitative genetic shape mapping; radius-centroid-contour; random forests ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; RANDOM FORESTS; MISSING HERITABILITY; COMPLEX DISEASES; ACER-RUBRUM; SIZE; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; ATTRIBUTES AB Leaf shape traits have long been a focus of many disciplines, but the complex genetic and environmental interactive mechanisms regulating leaf shape variation have not yet been investigated in detail. The question of the respective roles of genes and environment and how they interact to modulate leaf shape is a thorny evolutionary problem, and sophisticated methodology is needed to address it. In this study, we investigated a framework-level approach that inputs shape image photographs and genetic and environmental data, and then outputs the relative importance ranks of all variables after integrating shape feature extraction, dimension reduction, and tree-based statistical models. The power of the proposed framework was confirmed by simulation and a Populus szechuanica var. tibetica data set. This new methodology resulted in the detection of novel shape characteristics, and also confirmed some previous findings. The quantitative modeling of a combination of polygenetic, plastic, epistatic, and gene-environment interactive effects, as investigated in this study, will improve the discernment of quantitative leaf shape characteristics, and the methods are ready to be applied to other leaf morphology data sets. Unlike the majority of approaches in the quantitative leaf shape literature, this framework-level approach is data-driven, without assuming any pre-known shape attributes, landmarks, or model structures. C1 [Fu, Guifang; Dai, Xiaotian; Symanzik, Urgen] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Bushman, Shaun] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Fu, GF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM Guifang.Fu@usu.edu OI Fu, Guifang/0000-0001-7896-7797 FU National Science Foundation [DMS-1413366] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DMS-1413366) to G.F. We are indebted to three anonymous reviewers whose substantial comments on the manuscript greatly improved its quality. We thank Dr Adele Cutler for creating Fig. 2, fine-tuning the rotation alignment, and revising the earliest version of this manuscript. We thank Dr Rongling Wu for designing and financially supporting the data collection experiment. We thank Dr Wenhao Bo for designing and collecting the leaf shape data and for answering many related questions. We thank Jill Lundell for revising the English. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 213 IS 1 BP 455 EP 469 DI 10.1111/nph.14131 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ED9IY UT WOS:000389184600041 PM 27650962 ER PT J AU DiTomaso, JM Van Steenwyk, RA Nowierski, RM Vollmer, JL Lane, E Chilton, E Burch, PL Cowan, PE Zimmerman, K Dionigi, CP AF DiTomaso, Joseph M. Van Steenwyk, Robert A. Nowierski, Robert M. Vollmer, Jennifer L. Lane, Eric Chilton, Earl Burch, Patrick L. Cowan, Phil E. Zimmerman, Kenneth Dionigi, Christopher P. TI Enhancing the effectiveness of biological control programs of invasive species through a more comprehensive pest management approach SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; integrated pest management; invasive species; recommendations ID BIOCONTROL; HERBICIDES; EUPHORBIA; WEEDS; RISK AB Invasive species are one of the greatest economic and ecological threats to agriculture and natural areas in the US and the world. Among the available management tools, biological control provides one of the most economical and long-term effective strategies for managing widespread and damaging invasive species populations of nearly all taxa. However, integrating biological control programs in a more complete integrated pest management approach that utilizes increased information and communication, post-release monitoring, adaptive management practices, long-term stewardship strategies, and new and innovative ecological and genetic technologies can greatly improve the effectiveness of biological control. In addition, expanding partnerships among relevant national, regional, and local agencies, as well as academic scientists and land managers, offers far greater opportunities for long-term success in the suppression of established invasive species. In this paper we direct our recommendations to federal agencies that oversee, fund, conduct research, and develop classical biological control programs for invasive species. By incorporating these recommendations into adaptive management strategies, private and public land managers will have far greater opportunities for long-term success in suppression of established invasive species. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [DiTomaso, Joseph M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, MS4, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Van Steenwyk, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nowierski, Robert M.] USDA, Div Plant Syst Protect, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Vollmer, Jennifer L.] GREYSKULL Enterprises LLC, Greybull, WY USA. [Lane, Eric] Colorado Dept Agr, Broomfield, CO USA. [Chilton, Earl] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX USA. [Burch, Patrick L.] Dow AgroSci, Christiansburg, VA USA. [Cowan, Phil E.] Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Zimmerman, Kenneth] Lone Tree Cattle Co, Bellflower, CA USA. [Dionigi, Christopher P.] Natl Invas Species Council, Washington, DC USA. RP DiTomaso, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, MS4, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmditomaso@ucdavis.edu FU US Forest Service; US Department of Agriculture FX We would like to thank past and present members of the Invasive Species Advisory Committee and the National Invasive Species Council for their feedback and assistance in the preparation of the White Paper on this topic that led to this manuscript. We are also grateful to Mike Ielmini with the US Forest Service and the US Department of Agriculture for their financial assistance in the preparation of this paper. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 39 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 73 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1002/ps.4347 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA EE2IT UT WOS:000389408100002 PM 27353212 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Locke, MA Reddy, KN McChesney, DS Steinriede, RW AF Jenkins, Michael B. Locke, Martin A. Reddy, Krishna N. McChesney, Daniel S. Steinriede, R. Wade TI Impact of glyphosate-resistant corn, glyphosate applications and tillage on soil nutrient ratios, exoenzyme activities and nutrient acquisition ratios SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn; exoenzymes; glyphosate; rhizosphere; soil; tillage ID ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; PHOSPHORUS; HERBICIDE; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB BACKGROUNDWe report results of the last two years of a 7 year field experiment designed to test the null hypothesis: applications of glyphosate on glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-resistant (non-GR) corn (Zea mays L.) under conventional tillage and no-till would have no effect on soil exoenzymes and microbial activity. RESULTSBulk soil (BS) and rhizosphere soil (RS) macronutrient ratios were not affected by either GR or non-GR corn, or glyphosate applications. Differences observed between exoenzyme activities were associated with tillage rather than glyphosate applications. In 2013, nutrient acquisition ratios for bulk and rhizosphere soils indicated P limitations, but sufficient assimilable N. In 2014, P limitations were observed for bulk and rhizosphere soils, in contrast to balanced C and N acquisition ratios in rhizosphere soils. Stoichiometric relationships indicated few differences between glyphosate and non-glyphosate treatments. Negative correlations between C:P and N:P nutrient ratios and nutrient acquisition ratios underscored the inverse relation between soil nutrient status and microbial community exoenzyme activities. CONCLUSIONSInconsistent relationships between microbial community metabolic activity and exoenzyme activity indicated an ephemeral effect of glyphosate on BS exoenzyme activity. Except for ephemeral effects, glyphosate applications appeared not to affect the function of the BS and RS exoenzymes under conventional tillage or no-till. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Locke, Martin A.; McChesney, Daniel S.; Steinriede, R. Wade] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 73 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1002/ps.4413 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA EE2IT UT WOS:000389408100010 PM 27491933 ER PT J AU Pitts-Singer, TL Barbour, JD AF Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. Barbour, James D. TI Effects of residual novaluron on reproduction in alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata F. (Megachilidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; biorational pesticide; novaluron; pollen ball; pollination; residual toxicity ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; POLLEN; HYMENOPTERA AB BACKGROUNDThe chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron can suppress pests that affect alfalfa seed production, but can negatively affect reproductive success in the alfalfa pollinator Megachile rotundata. Novaluron is considered to be a reduced-risk insecticide because it disrupts ecdysis and is non-lethal to adult insects, but some exposed adults have fewer eggs and suppressed egg hatch. For this experiment, bees nested in field cages where they were exposed to alfalfa that had never been treated with novaluron, alfalfa that had recently been sprayed or alfalfa that had been sprayed 1 and 2 weeks earlier. RESULTSCompared with the control, greater proportions of dead eggs and larvae and lower proportions of live prepupae occurred when bees were exposed to recent novaluron sprays as well as one- or two-week old spray residues. Two possible routes of residual pesticide exposure were revealed. Mother bees become contaminated through ingestion or direct contact, or pollen-nectar provisions become contaminated with novaluron (1) on or within leaf pieces that surround provisions or (2) transferred from mother bees' bodies to provisions. CONCLUSIONWe found strong immature mortality effects of novaluron and its residues on M. rotundata. Understanding all possible pesticide exposure routes for pollinating bees enhances decision-making for maintaining bee populations while protecting crops. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.] ARS, USDA, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Barbour, James D.] Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID USA. RP Pitts-Singer, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Theresa.Pitts-Singer@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 73 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1002/ps.4356 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA EE2IT UT WOS:000389408100020 PM 27405042 ER PT J AU Fritts, AK Fritts, MW Haag, WR DeBoer, JA Casper, AF AF Fritts, Andrea K. Fritts, Mark W. Haag, Wendell R. DeBoer, Jason A. Casper, Andrew F. TI Freshwater mussel shells (Unionidae) chronicle changes in a North American river over the past 1000 years SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sclerochronology; Historical ecology; von Bertalanffy; Isotope; Growth; Eutrophication ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; ILLINOIS RIVER; FOOD WEBS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GROWTH; COMMUNITY; LAKE; EUTROPHICATION; CONSERVATION; EFFLUENTS AB The Illinois River was substantially altered during the 20th century with the installation of navigational locks and dams, construction of extensive levee networks, and degradation of water quality. Freshwater mussels were affected by these changes. We used sclerochronology and stable isotopes to evaluate changes over time in age-and-growth and food sources for two mussel species: Amblema plicata and Quadrula quadrula. Specimens were collected in years 1894, 1897, 1909, 1912, 1966, and 2013, and archeological specimens were collected circa 850. The von Bertalanffy growth parameter (K) was similar between 850 and 1897, but it increased by 1912 and remained elevated through 2013. Predicted maximum size (L-inf) increased over the past millennium, and 2013 individuals were over 50% larger than in 850. Growth indices showed similar patterns of continual increases in growth. Shells were enriched in C-13 and N-15 during the 20th century, but exhibited a partial return to historical conditions by 2013. These patterns are likely attributable to impoundment, nutrient pollution and eutrophication beginning in the early 20th century followed by recent water quality improvement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fritts, Andrea K.; Fritts, Mark W.; DeBoer, Jason A.; Casper, Andrew F.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. [Haag, Wendell R.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Fritts, Andrea K.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Fritts, Mark W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Fritts, AK (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM afritts@usgs.gov; mark_fritts@fws.gov; whaag@fs.fed.us; jadeboer@illinois.edu; afcasper@illinois.edu OI Fritts, Andrea/0000-0003-2142-3339 FU University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute FX We thank K. Cummings and the Illinois Natural History Survey for providing access to historical specimens and R. Warren and the Illinois State Museum for providing access to archeological specimens. We are grateful for the assistance of many individuals in the lab or field, including T. Beasley, M. Bland, A. Burgett, S. Douglass, C. Gilliland, R. Pendleton, A. Stodola, and J. Widloe. This research received funding from the Matching Research Awards Program through the University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute. This manuscript was improved with input from two anonymous reviewers. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 575 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.225 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF5MD UT WOS:000390373400022 PM 27741455 ER PT J AU Quispe, CF Esmael, A Sonderman, O McQuinn, M Agarkova, I Battan, M Duncan, GA Dunigan, DD Smith, TPL De Castro, C Speciale, I Ma, FR Van Etten, JL AF Quispe, Cristian F. Esmael, Ahmed Sonderman, Olivia McQuinn, Michelle Agarkova, Irma Battan, Mohammed Duncan, Garry A. Dunigan, David D. Smith, Timothy P. L. De Castro, Cristina Speciale, Immacolata Ma, Fangrui Van Etten, James L. TI Characterization of a new chlorovirus type with permissive and non-permissive features on phylogenetically related algal strains SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chloroviruses; Algal viruses; Chlorella variabilis; OSy-NE5; Permissive cells; Non-permissive cells ID CHLORELLA-LIKE ALGA; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; PARAMECIUM-BURSARIA; VIRUS PBCV-1; GREEN-ALGAE; DNA VIRUSES; GENOME; VARIABILIS; INFECTION; SEQUENCES AB A previous report indicated that prototype chlorovirus PBCV-1 replicated in two Chlorella variabilis algal strains, NC64A and Syngen 2-3, that are ex-endosymbionts isolated from the protozoan Paramecium bursaria. Surprisingly, plaque-forming viruses on Syngen 2-3 lawns were often higher than on NC64A lawns from indigenous water samples. These differences led to the discovery of viruses that exclusively replicate in Syngen 2-3 cells, named Only Syngen (OSy) viruses. OSy-NE5, the prototype virus for the proposed new species, had a linear dsDNA genome of 327 kb with 44-nucleotide-long, incompletely base-paired, covalently closed hairpin ends. Each hairpin structure was followed by an identical 2612 base-paired inverted sequence after which the DNA sequence diverged. OSy-NE5 encoded 357 predicted CDSs and 13 tRNAs. Interestingly, OSy-NE5 attached to and initiated infection in NC64A cells but infectious progeny viruses were not produced; thus OSy-NE5 replication in NC64A is blocked at some later stage of replication. C1 [Quispe, Cristian F.; Esmael, Ahmed; Sonderman, Olivia; McQuinn, Michelle; Agarkova, Irma; Dunigan, David D.; Van Etten, James L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Virol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Agarkova, Irma; Dunigan, David D.; Van Etten, James L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Agarkova, Irma; Dunigan, David D.; Van Etten, James L.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Quispe, Cristian F.; Sonderman, Olivia] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Esmael, Ahmed; Battan, Mohammed] Benha Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Qalubiya Governorate 13511, Egypt. [Duncan, Garry A.] Nebraska Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Smith, Timothy P. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [De Castro, Cristina] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Agr Sci, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. [Speciale, Immacolata] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Chem Sci, Naples, Italy. [Ma, Fangrui] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Quispe, Cristian F.] Escuela Agr Panamer Zamorano, Carrera Ciencia & Prod Agr, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Van Etten, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jvanetten1@unl.edu FU NSF-EPSCoR Grant [EPS-1004094]; COBRE program of the National Center for Research Resources Grant [P20-RR15535]; National Center for Research Resources grant [5P20RR016469]; National Institute for General Medical Science grant [8P20GM103427]; UNL UCARE scholarship; ARD scholarship; Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education (Cultural Affairs and Missions Sector); USDA/ARS [5438-31320-012-00D] FX Funding for this study was partially provided by the NSF-EPSCoR Grant EPS-1004094 (JVE), the COBRE program of the National Center for Research Resources Grant P20-RR15535 (JVE), the National Center for Research Resources grant 5P20RR016469 (GAD), and the National Institute for General Medical Science grant 8P20GM103427 (GAD). OS was supported by UNL UCARE and ARD scholarships. AE was supported by the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education (Cultural Affairs and Missions Sector). We thank Danielle Shae and Han Chen in the Morrison Core Research Facility at UNL and William Thompson and Kristen Kuhn at USDA/ARS, for technical assistance. TPLS was supported by USDA/ARS appropriated project 5438-31320-012-00D. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 500 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.013 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE4EM UT WOS:000389555100011 PM 27816636 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Gao, S Padmanabhan, C Li, RG Galvez, M Gutierrez, D Fuentes, S Lin, KS Kreuze, J Fei, ZJ AF Zheng, Yi Gao, Shan Padmanabhan, Chellappan Li, Rugang Galvez, Marco Gutierrez, Dina Fuentes, Segundo Lin, Kai-Shu Kreuze, Jan Fei, Zhangjun TI VirusDetect: An automated pipeline for efficient virus discovery using deep sequencing of small RNAs SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Virus discovery; Small RNA; Next-generation sequencing; VirusDetect ID GENOME SEQUENCE; VIRAL GENOMES; ALIGNMENT; TOOL; ALGORITHMS; SOFTWARE; IDENTIFY; DATASETS; PACKAGE; TISSUE AB Accurate detection of viruses in plants and animals is critical for agriculture production and human health. Deep sequencing and assembly of virus-derived small interfering RNAs has proven to be a highly efficient approach for virus discovery. Here we present VirusDetect, a bioinformatics pipeline that can efficiently analyze large-scale small RNA (sRNA) datasets for both known and novel virus identification. VirusDetect performs both reference-guided assemblies through aligning sRNA sequences to a curated virus reference database and de novo assemblies of sRNA sequences with automated parameter optimization and the option of host sRNA subtraction. The assembled contigs are compared to a curated and classified reference virus database for known and novel virus identification, and evaluated for their sRNA size profiles to identify novel viruses. Extensive evaluations using plant and insect sRNA datasets suggest that VirusDetect is highly sensitive and efficient in identifying known and novel viruses. VirusDetect is freely available at http://bioinfo.bti.cornell.edu/tool/VirusDetect/. C1 [Zheng, Yi; Gao, Shan; Fei, Zhangjun] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gao, Shan] Nankai Univ, Coll Life Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Padmanabhan, Chellappan; Li, Rugang; Lin, Kai-Shu] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Galvez, Marco; Gutierrez, Dina; Fuentes, Segundo; Kreuze, Jan] Int Potato Ctr, Virol Lab, Lima, Peru. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zf25@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1110080]; USDA SCRI [2012-01507-229756, 2010-600-25320]; CGIAR research program on roots, tubers and bananas FX The collection of the weed sample in Brazil by HM.CLAUSE is greatly appreciated. We thank Andrea Gilliard and Alan Wilder for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from National Science Foundation (IOS-1110080) to Z.F. and J.K., the USDA SCRI (2012-01507-229756) to Z.F. and K.L., the USDA SCRI (2010-600-25320) to K.L., and the CGIAR research program on roots, tubers and bananas to J.K. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 500 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.017 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE4EM UT WOS:000389555100014 PM 27825033 ER PT J AU Li, RG Padmanabhan, C Ling, KS AF Li, Rugang Padmanabhan, Chellappan Ling, Kai-Shu TI A single base pair in the right terminal domain of tomato planta macho viroid is a virulence determinant factor on tomato SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican papita viroid; Tomato planta macho viroid; Infectious clone; Solanum lycopersicum; Recombinant viroid; Tomato disease ID NUCLEIC-ACID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; 1ST REPORT; IN-VITRO; SPINDLE; RNA; PATHOGENICITY; PROTEIN; CITRUS; VIRUS AB Tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd), including isolates previously designated as Mexican papita viroid (MPVd), causes serious disease on tomatoes in North America. Two predominant variants, sharing 93.8% sequence identity, incited distinct severe (MPVd-S) or mild (MPVd-M) symptoms on tomato. To identify virulence determinant factor, a series of chimeric infectious clones were generated using synthetic DNA approach to progressively replace each structural domain between the two variants. In bioassays on tomato `Rutgers', three chimeras containing Terminal Left and Pathogenicity (MPVd-H1), Central (MPVd-H2), or Variable (MPVd-H3) of MPVd-S, incited mild to intermediate symptoms. However, a chimera containing Terminal Right (T-R) of MPVd-S (MPVd-H4) incited severe symptoms. Only one base-pair mutation in the TR domain between MPVd-M (U-176:A(185)) and MPVd-S ((174)G:C-183) was identified. A reciprocal mutant (MPVd-H5) rendered the chimeric viroid mild on tomato. This single base-pair in the TR domain was determined as the virulence determinant factor for TPMVd. C1 [Li, Rugang; Padmanabhan, Chellappan; Ling, Kai-Shu] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Li, Rugang] Agdia Inc, 52642 Cty Rd 1, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Rugangli@yahoo.com; Chellappan.Padmanabhan@ars.usda.gov; Kai.Ling@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture under U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Specialty Crop Research Initiative Program [SCRI 2010-600-25320, 2012-01507-229756] FX We thank Dr. Robert A. Owens for stimulating discussions and critical reading of the manuscript and providing PSTVd cDNA plasmid pST64-B5. We also appreciate Andrea Gilliard and Alan Wilder for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture is under U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Specialty Crop Research Initiative Program SCRI 2010-600-25320 and 2012-01507-229756 to KSL. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 500 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.020 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE4EM UT WOS:000389555100026 PM 27838481 ER PT J AU Araya, A Kisekka, I Gowda, PH Prasad, PVV AF Araya, A. Kisekka, Isaya Gowda, Prasanna H. Prasad, P. V. Vara TI Evaluation of water-limited cropping systems in a semi-arid climate using DSSAT-CSM SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE DSSAT-CSM; Crop rotation; Water productivity; Deficit irrigation; Corn; Wheat; Grain sorghum ID DEFICIT IRRIGATION; USE EFFICIENCY; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; YIELD RESPONSE; CORN; MODEL; MAIZE; WHEAT; ENVIRONMENT; SORGHUM AB Water is the major factor limiting crop production in western Kansas due to declining groundwater levels in the Ogallala aquifer resulting from withdrawals for irrigation exceeding recharge rates coupled with erratic semi-arid rainfall. Study objectives were to assess yield and water productivity of water limited cropping systems in western Kansas using DSSAT-CSM (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer Cropping Systems Model). The cropping systems evaluated included continuous (corn, wheat, and grain sorghum) and rotation (corn-wheat, corn-wheat-grain sorghum, and corn-wheat-grain sorghum-corn). Results showed that the model adequately reproduced measured days to flowering and maturity as well as yield and aboveground biomass of all three crops. Crop rotation improved water productivity of corn. Under deficit irrigation, corn in rotation produced higher yields, crop water productivity, and irrigation water use efficiency compared to continuous corn, implying that crop rotation is a better option under limited well capacities. Under full irrigation, yield and water productivity of continuous wheat were lower than wheat in rotation. In contrast, continuous wheat yields under deficit irrigation were better than under crop rotation. Deficit irrigation substantially improved irrigation water use efficiency of grain sorghum under both continuous and crop rotations. Long-term average grain sorghum yields under rotation were higher than those of continuous grain sorghum. Indicating grain sorghum should be grown in rotation under deficit irrigation. This research did not simulate the impacts of pests, weeds and diseases, hail and freeze damage on crop yield. However, the study identifies cropping systems that are more likely to produce highest water productivity under semi-arid climate similar to that in western Kansas. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Araya, A.; Kisekka, Isaya] Kansas State Univ, Southwest Res Extens Ctr, 4500 Mary St, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. [Gowda, Prasanna H.] USDA ARS, Grazing Lands Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Prasad, P. V. Vara] Kansas State Univ, Sustainable Intensificat Innovat Lab, Garden City, NY USA. RP Kisekka, I (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Southwest Res Extens Ctr, 4500 Mary St, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. EM ikisekka@ksu.edu FU USDA Ogallala Aquifer Project [58-3090-5-007]; USDA Project through NIFA Water for Agriculture Challenge Area [2016-68007-25066] FX The authors would like to thank the following for providing funding for this research USDA Ogallala Aquifer Project (58-3090-5-007), and USDA Project No. 2016-68007-25066, through the NIFA Water for Agriculture Challenge Area. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Dennis Tomsicek for data collection and compilation. We would also like to thank Mr. Jaylen Koehn for coordinating all agronomic field operations. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.10.007 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA ED8ZU UT WOS:000389160400009 ER PT J AU Salmeron, M Purcell, LC Vories, ED Shannon, G AF Salmeron, Montserrat Purcell, Larry C. Vories, Earl D. Shannon, Grover TI Simulation of genotype-by-environment interactions on irrigated soybean yields in the US Midsouth SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CROPGRO-Soybean; Model calibration; Environmental index; Oil; Protein ID CROP GROWTH-RATE; PLANTING DATE; GENETIC COEFFICIENTS; PERFORMANCE TRIALS; SEED GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; PROTEIN; MODEL; MATURITY; CULTIVARS AB Dynamic crop models that incorporate the effect of environmental variables can potentially explain yield differences associated with location, year, planting date, and cultivars with different growing cycles. Soybean (Glycine max (L) Mer.) cultivar coefficients for the DSSAT-CROPGRO model were calibrated from two growing seasons (2012 2013) comprising 58 irrigated environments (site x year x planting date combinations) for cultivars within maturity groups (MGs) 3 to 6 using end of season data (yield, seed weight, and seed oil and protein concentration) and previously calibrated phenology coefficients. Model accuracy after calibration of cultivar coefficients by MG (cultivars averaged within a MG) was similar compared to cultivar-specific coefficients. During the subsequent growing season in 2014 (33 environments), the model efficiency (ME) for predicting yield was 0.40, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 571 kg ha(-1). The model was less efficient predicting seed number and seed weight (ME = 0.06 and 0.06, respectively) than yield. The model was able to simulate differences in seed oil concentration across environments and MGs (ME = 0.52), but not protein concentration (ME = 025). The analysis of yield stability had similar slopes for the observed and predicted yield regressions against an observed environmental index (El) that were only dependent on the MG. Simulated yields were significantly different from the observed when EI > 0, but yield differences in the highest yielding environments were still relatively small (245 to 608 kg ha(-1)). The results indicate an overall robust model performance in capturing G x E responses with coefficients calibrated by MG. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Salmeron, Montserrat] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 427 Plant Sci Bldg,1405 Vet Dr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Purcell, Larry C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Vories, Earl D.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 147 State Hwy T, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Shannon, Grover] Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Fisher Delta Res Ctr, 147 State Hwy T, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Purcell, LC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lpurcell@uark.edu FU United Soybean Board [1520-832-8280]; Mid-South Soybean Board; University of Arkansas Vice Provost for Research and Economic Development; National Science Foundation; Arkansas Economic Development Commission FX This research was partially funded by the United Soybean Board (Project # 1520-832-8280) and the Mid-South Soybean Board. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Arkansas High Performance Computer Center (AHPCC) for providing access to the high performance computer facilities and training, with special thanks to David Chaffin for the support service adapting the DSSAT model for the AHPCC hardware. The AHPCC is supported by the University of Arkansas Vice Provost for Research and Economic Development, the National Science Foundation, and the Arkansas Economic Development Commission. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.10.008 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA ED8ZU UT WOS:000389160400012 ER PT J AU Gillard, M Grewell, BJ Deleu, C Thiebaut, G AF Gillard, Morgane Grewell, Brenda J. Deleu, Carole Thiebaut, Gabrielle TI Climate warming and water primroses: Germination responses of populations from two invaded ranges SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic plants; Climate change; Freshwater macrophytes; Invasive species; Ludwigia; Temperature ID LOCAL ADAPTATION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; LUDWIGIA ONAGRACEAE; SEED-GERMINATION; PLANT FRAGMENTS; AQUATIC PLANTS; LIFE-HISTORY; CLONAL PLANT; DISPERSAL; FRANCE AB Environmental temperature is the primary regulator of germination. Global climatic warming may substantially change seed dormancy and germination responses of wetland and riparian plant species. The potential for increased germination capacity, seed dispersal and geographic range expansion of invasive plant species is a particular concern relevant to the conservation of native biodiversity. The aim of this study was to compare the germination capacity of Ludwigia hexapetala and Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis from two invaded ranges under 3 degrees C warming predicted in climate change models. Germination of seeds collected from two invaded ranges was tested in controlled conditions at two air temperature regimes, 24 degrees C/14 degrees C and 27 degrees C/17 degrees C. Regardless of temperatures, the germination rates of studied species were greater than 80% for L. hexapetala from California, and for two populations of L. peploides from France. Seeds of L. hexapetala from California germinated two-fold more than seeds from France, while L peploides from California germinated less quickly and at lower rates than two of three populations from France. The variation observed between invaded ranges could be interpreted as an adjustment of the germination responses of water primroses populations due to provenance environmental characteristics. The 3 degrees C warming treatment accelerated the time to germination of water primrose seeds from California and France, and was a driving factor in final germination percentage for L. hexapetala populations from France. This study confirms that sexual reproduction can contribute to invasiveness of Ludwigia spp. and germination capacity will be maintained with 3 degrees C temperature warming. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gillard, Morgane; Thiebaut, Gabrielle] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Batiment 14A,263 Ave Gen Leclerc, Rennes, France. [Grewell, Brenda J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci MS 4, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Deleu, Carole] Univ Rennes 1, UMR 1349, INRA, IGEPP, Le Rheu, France. RP Gillard, M (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Batiment 14A,263 Ave Gen Leclerc, Rennes, France. EM morgane.gillard35@gmail.com; bjgrewell@ucdavis.edu; carole.deleu@univ-rennes1.fr; gabrielle.thiebaut@univ-rennes1.fr FU Ph.D. grant from French Ministry for Higher Education and Research FX We are grateful to Joy Futrell for assistance with the seed collections in California. We thank Meghan Skaer Thomason, three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their comments that improved a previous version of this manuscript. This work was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research to MG. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 136 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.10.001 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED9FB UT WOS:000389174500017 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA Baffaut, C AF Nearing, Mark A. Baffaut, Claire TI Preface to the special issue of Catena on achieving sustainability through conservation in a changing world SO CATENA LA English DT Editorial Material ID WIND C1 [Nearing, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. [Baffaut, Claire] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Ag Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. EM mark.nearing@ars.usda.gov; claire.baffaut@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN PY 2017 VL 148 SI SI BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.catena2016.07.026 PN 2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ED9CC UT WOS:000389166800001 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Hushmurodov, SX Baumhardt, RL Chappell, A Nearing, MA Polyakov, VO Strack, JE AF Van Pelt, R. Scott Hushmurodov, Shaymonkul X. Baumhardt, R. Louis Chappell, Adrian Nearing, Mark A. Polyakov, Viktor O. Strack, John E. TI The reduction of partitioned wind and water erosion by conservation agriculture SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organization (ISCO) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2015 CL El Paso, TX SP Int Soil Conservat Org DE Wind erosion; Water erosion; (CS)-C-137; Cropping systems; No-till ID SOIL REDISTRIBUTION; ESTIMATE RATES; MODELS; CS-137; RANGELAND; TILLAGE; DRYLAND; RUNOFF; PLAINS AB Soil loss due to wind and water erosion degrades the soil on-site and results in environmental problems due to deposition in off-site areas downstream and downwind of the source field. Wind and water erosion may both occur to varying extents particularly in semi-arid environments. Soil conservation strategies require information about the processes of soil redistribution to mitigate its impact. However, very few studies have partitioned soil erosion between contributions of wind and water. We quantified wind and water erosion on six graded terraces under a uniform crop rotation since 1949 and two tillage management practices begun in 1981. Detailed runoff and sediment yield data have been recorded on all the terraces since 1984. We used a stratified random sampling design to collect soil which were then bulked to form six composites for each terrace. From an adjacent undisturbed native prairie, soil cores were collected and composited similarly to provide a reference. The cores were composited by 15 cm layers in the terraces and, in the reference area, the upper 15 cm layer was subdivided into 5 cm layers and all were measured for 137Cs activity which was converted to 137Cs inventory. We then employed an established computer model that equates loss of 137C5 inventory with soil loss and direct measurement of water-borne sediment loss to estimate 30 year mean wind erosion losses on the terraces by tillage type. We found that no-till management reduced total soil loss by one-third compared with stubble mulch tillage, reduced water-borne sediment loss by about the same amount, and that for both tillage systems, wind erosion was responsible for about 75% of the total soil loss. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Van Pelt, R. Scott; Strack, John E.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Hushmurodov, Shaymonkul X.] Samarkand State Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. [Baumhardt, R. Louis] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. [Chappell, Adrian] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Flagship, Canberra, NSW, Australia. [Nearing, Mark A.; Polyakov, Viktor O.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM scott.vanpelt@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 28 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN PY 2017 VL 148 SI SI BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.004 PN 2 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ED9CC UT WOS:000389166800008 ER PT J AU Dempsey, JA Plantinga, AJ Kline, JD Lawler, JJ Martinuzzi, S Radeloff, VC Bigelow, DP AF Dempsey, Judith A. Plantinga, Andrew J. Kline, Jeffrey D. Lawler, Joshua J. Martinuzzi, Sebastian Radeloff, Volker C. Bigelow, Daniel P. TI Effects of local land-use planning on development and disturbance in riparian areas SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Land-use planning; Difference-in-difference estimator ID UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; EFFICIENCY; LANDSCAPE; POLICIES; PRICES; SIZE AB Land-use change can significantly affect the provision of ecosystem services. On a local scale, zoning laws and other land-use regulations are commonly used to influence land-use change, but their effectiveness is often unclear. We evaluate the effectiveness of local land-use planning in concentrating development and minimizing impacts in riparian areas. We use spatially-explicit land cover data from the USGS Land Cover Trends project to measure development and disturbance rates before and after implementation of Oregon's land-use planning system. We apply a difference-in-difference estimator to address the problem of non-random assignment of regulations on the landscape. We find that land-use laws in Oregon have concentrated development inside of UGBs and lowered development rates in riparian areas. However, disturbance in riparian areas has increased inside of UGBs. Overall, our findings suggest that local land-use planning can be an effective tool for promoting the provision of non-market ecosystem services. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dempsey, Judith A.] FCC, Washington, DC 20554 USA. [Plantinga, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kline, Jeffrey D.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bigelow, Daniel P.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Plantinga, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM plantinga@bren.ucsb.edu FU National Science Foundation's Coupled Natural-Human Systems Program; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this research from the National Science Foundation's Coupled Natural-Human Systems Program and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 EI 1873-5754 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 60 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED9BR UT WOS:000389165600003 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Razon, LF AF Knothe, Gerhard Razon, Luis F. TI Biodiesel fuels SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Biodiesel; Biodiesel feedstocks; Fatty acid methyl esters; Fuel properties; Property optimization ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; L. SEED OIL; PROMISING NONEDIBLE FEEDSTOCK; COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; BASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; MALLOW KOSTELETZKYA-PENTACARPOS; ISENTROPIC BULK MODULUS; COLD FLOW PROPERTIES AB The mono-alkyl esters, most commonly the methyl esters, of vegetable oils, animal fats or other materials consisting mainly of triacylglycerols, often referred to as biodiesel, are an alternative to conventional petrodiesel for use in compression-ignition engines. The fatty acid esters that thus comprise biodiesel largely determine many important fuel properties. In turn, the composition of the biodiesel depends on the composition of the parent feedstock because feedstocks with widely varying fatty acid composition can be used for biodiesel production. The use of different feedstocks is also significant under aspects of increasing biodiesel supply and socio-economic issues. In this article, biodiesel production is briefly described, followed by a discussion of biodiesel fuel properties and the influence of varying fatty acid profiles and feedstocks. It is shown that the properties of biodiesel least influenced by minor components can be determined by a straightforward equation in which the properties of the biodiesel fuel are calculated from the amounts of the individual component fatty esters and their properties. Optimizing biodiesel composition is also addressed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Razon, Luis F.] De La Salle Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 2401 Taft Ave, Manila 0922, Philippines. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov FU Philippine Higher Education Research Network of the Philippines' Commission on Higher Education (CHED-PhERNet) FX One of the authors (LFR) thanks the Philippine Higher Education Research Network of the Philippines' Commission on Higher Education (CHED-PhERNet) for a research grant. NR 352 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 58 BP 36 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2016.08.001 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ED9EY UT WOS:000389174200002 ER PT J AU Kong, QL Yan, WQ Yue, L Chen, ZJ Wang, HH Qi, WY He, XH AF Kong, Qiulian Yan, Weiqiang Yue, Ling Chen, Zhijun Wang, Haihong Qi, Wenyuan He, Xiaohua TI Volatile compounds and odor traits of dry-cured ham (Prosciutto crudo) irradiated by electron beam and gamma rays SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Prosciutto crudo; Irradiation; Gamma rays; Electron beam; Odor; Volatile compounds ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; M.-BICEPS-FEMORIS; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TEXTURE PARAMETERS; WATER-CONTENT; COLI O157H7; MEAT; FLAVOR; QUALITY AB Prosciutto crudo samples were irradiated at 0, 3 and 6 kGy by gamma rays (GR) and electron beam (EB), respectively. The odor scores and volatile compounds were examined after 7 days storage at 4 degrees C. Volatile compounds from samples without and with irradiation at 6 kGy were analyzed by GC -MS. Fifty-nine compounds were identified, including terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, alkanes, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and acids. Both GR and EB irradiation resulted in formation of (Z)-7-Hexadecenal, cis-9hexadecenal, tetradecane, E-9-tetradecen-l-ol formate, and losing of hexadecamethyl-heptasiloxane and decanoic acid -ethyl ester in hams. However, GR irradiation caused additional changes, such as formation of undecane and phthalic acid-2-cyclohexylethyl butyl ester, significantly higher level of 1-pentadecene, and losing of (E, E)-2,4-decadienal and octadecane. EB was shown to be better in maintaining ham's original odor than GR. Our results suggest that EB irradiation is a promising method for treatment of ready to eat hams as it exerts much less negative effect on the flavor of hams compared to GR irradiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kong, Qiulian; Yan, Weiqiang; Yue, Ling; Chen, Zhijun; Wang, Haihong; Qi, Wenyuan] Shanghai Shuneng Irradiat Technol Co Ltd, Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Shanghai 201403, Peoples R China. [He, Xiaohua] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Qi, WY (reprint author), Shanghai Shuneng Irradiat Technol Co Ltd, Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Shanghai 201403, Peoples R China.; He, XH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sunny0123@vip.163.com; Xiaohua.He@ARS.USDA.GOV FU China government [2011AA100804, 201103007, 2014BAA03B05] FX This work was funded by the financial supports from China government (2011AA100804, 201103007, 2014BAA03B05). We are grateful to Chunbao Li, Nanjing Agricultural University, China, for the technical assistance. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 130 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.09.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ED3VS UT WOS:000388777200040 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, K Weidauer, A Gotzmann, G Rogner, FH Koch, E AF Fan, Xuetong Sokorai, Kimberly Weidauer, Andre Gotzmann, Gaby Roegner, Frank-Holm Koch, Eckhard TI Comparison of gamma and electron beam irradiation in reducing populations of E-coil artificially inoculated on mung bean, clover and fenugreek seeds, and affecting germination and growth of seeds SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gamma rays; Electron beam; Ionizing radiation; Fenugreek; Clover; Mung bean ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INACTIVATION; SENSITIVITY; SALMONELLA; QUALITY; SPROUTS AB Sprouts have frequently been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, mostly due to contaminated seeds. Intervention technologies to decontaminate seeds without affecting sprout yield are needed. In the present study, we compared gamma rays with electron beam in inactivating E. coli artificially inoculated on three seeds (fenugreek, clover and mung bean) that differed in size and surface morphology. Furthermore, the germination and growth of irradiated seeds were evaluated. Results showed that the D-10 values (dose required to achieve 1 log reduction) for E. coli K12 on mung bean, clover, and fenugreek were 1.11, 1.21 and 1.40 kGy, respectively. To achieve a minimum 5-log reduction of E. coli, higher doses were needed on fenugreek than on mung bean or clover. Electron beam treatment at doses up to 12 kGy could not completely inactivate E. coli inoculated on all seeds even though most of the seeds were E. coli-free after 4-12 kGy irradiation. Gamma irradiation at doses up to 6 kGy did not significantly affect the germination rate of clover and fenugreek seeds but reduced the germination rate of mung bean seeds. Doses of 2 kGy gamma irradiation did not influence the growth of seeds while higher doses of gamma irradiation reduced the growth rate. Electron beam treatment at doses up to 12 kGy did not have any significant effect on germination or growth of the seeds. SEM imaging indicated there were differences in surface morphology among the three seeds, and E. coli resided in cracks and openings of seeds, making surface decontamination of seeds with low energy electron beam a challenge due to the low penetration ability. Overall, our results suggested that gamma rays and electron beam had different effects on E. coli inactivation and germination or growth of seeds. Future efforts should focus on optimization of electron bean parameters to increase penetration to inactivate E. coli without causing damage to the seeds. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Sokorai, Kimberly] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Weidauer, Andre; Gotzmann, Gaby; Roegner, Frank-Holm] Fraunhofer Inst Electron Beam & Plasma Technol, Dresden, Germany. [Koch, Eckhard] Julius Kuhn Inst, Inst Biol Control, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 130 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.09.015 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ED3VS UT WOS:000388777200047 ER PT J AU Nitzsche, KN Kalettka, T Premke, K Lischeid, G Gessler, A Kayler, ZE AF Nitzsche, Kai Nils Kalettka, Thomas Premke, Katrin Lischeid, Gunnar Gessler, Arthur Kayler, Zachary Eric TI Land-use and hydroperiod affect kettle hole sediment carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Depressional wetlands; Wet-dry cycles; Biogeochemical transformations; Stable isotopes; Evaporation; landscape functioning ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; NORTHEAST GERMANY; WATER-BALANCE; C/N RATIOS; LAKE; LANDSCAPE; WETLAND; PRESERVATION; EVAPORATION AB Kettle holes are glaciofluvially created depressional wetlands that collect organic matter (OM) and nutrients from their surrounding catchment. Kettle holes mostly undergo pronounced wet-dry cycles. Fluctuations in water table, land-use, and management can affect sediment biogeochemical transformations and perhaps threaten the carbon stocks of these unique ecosystems. We investigated sediment and water of 51 kettle holes in NE Germany that differ in hydroperiod (i.e. the duration of the wet period of a kettle hole) and land-use. Our objectives were 1) to test if hydroperiod and land management were imprinted on the isotopic values (delta C-13, delta N-15) and C:N ratios of the sediment OM, and 2) to characterize water loss dynamics and kettle hole-groundwater connectivity by measuring the stable 6150 and BD isotope values of kettle hole water over several years. We found the uppermost sediment layer reflected recent OM inputs and short-term processes in the catchment, including land-use and management effects. Deeper sediments recorded the degree to which OM is processed within the kettle hole related to the hydroperiod. We see clear indications for the effects of wet-dry cycles for all kettle holes, which can lead to the encroachment of terrestrial plants. We found that the magnitude of evaporation depended on the year, season, and land-use type, that kettle holes are temporarily coupled to shallow ground water, and, as such, kettle holes are described best as partially-closed to open systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nitzsche, Kai Nils; Premke, Katrin; Gessler, Arthur; Kayler, Zachary Eric] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Eberswalder Str 84, D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany. [Kalettka, Thomas; Lischeid, Gunnar] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Inst Landscape Hydrol, Eberswalder Str 84, D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany. [Premke, Katrin] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Chem Analyt & Biogeochem, Mueggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Lischeid, Gunnar] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Gessler, Arthur] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Gessler, Arthur; Kayler, Zachary Eric] Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Kayler, Zachary Eric] USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nitzsche, KN; Kayler, ZE (reprint author), Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Eberswalder Str 84, D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany.; Kayler, ZE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kai.nitzsche@zalf.de; tkalettka@zalf.de; premke@igb-berlin.de; gessler@wsl.ch; zkayler@fs.fed.us RI Gessler, Arthur/C-7121-2008 OI Gessler, Arthur/0000-0002-1910-9589 FU Pact for Innovation and Research of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Association (project LandScales - 'Connecting processes and structures driving landscape carbon dynamics over scales') FX We thank the staff of the AgroScapeLab Qillow, Dedelow, for the logistical support and Frau Remus and Thomas Wagner for their help with the sample preparation. We kindly thank the LandScales team, especially Dr. Andreas Kleeberg, for their support and discussions. This research was funded through the Pact for Innovation and Research of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Association (project LandScales - 'Connecting processes and structures driving landscape carbon dynamics over scales'). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 574 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1016/jscitotenv.2016.09.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED7ZA UT WOS:000389090100005 PM 27623526 ER PT J AU Barnes, ML Arita, S Kalberg, K Leung, P AF Barnes, Michele L. Arita, Shawn Kalberg, Kolter Leung, PingSun TI When does it pay to cooperate? Strategic information exchange in the harvest of common-pool fishery resources SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Information exchange; Cooperation; Social network; Fisher behavior; Common-pool resources; Fisheries ID COLLECTIVE ACTION; NETWORK ANALYSIS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; FLEET DYNAMICS; FISHING EFFORT; TRADE-OFF; MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; BROKERAGE; COLLABORATION AB Harvesting common-pool fishery resources is often a competitive activity and important questions remain about the costs and benefits of engaging in cooperative behavior. Here, we link comprehensive data on fisher's information exchange networks and economic productivity to test hypotheses about when it pays to cooperate by exchanging different types of strategic information. We find that being well connected locally in information exchange networks about both short-term topics (e.g., the location of species) and long-term topics (e.g., technical innovations) is positively associated with productivity in both the short-term (within fishing trips) and long-term (annually). In contrast, we findthat exchanging both types of information across distinct social divides - a form of brokerage - is negatively associated with productivity. Our results therefore suggest that while there appears to be an economic benefit associated with cooperation across temporal scales in the harvest of common-pool fishery resources, exchanging strategic information across social divides may come at a cost particularly under conditions of competition. We discuss our results in light of emerging research at the nexus of sociology and economics, providing key insight into the social-structural dynamics that help form the foundation for fisher decision-making and behavior. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnes, Michele L.; Leung, PingSun] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Michele L.; Kalberg, Kolter] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Michele L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Arita, Shawn] USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Barnes, ML (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM barnesm@hawaii.edu; ssarita@ers.usda.gov; kolter.kalberg@noaa.gov; psleung@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [NA11NMF4320128]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA11NMF4320128]; National Science Foundation Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences [1513354] FX This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement NA11NMF4320128 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). MB was also supported by National Science Foundation Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant #1513354. We thank our interpreters, all of the fishers who participated in this project, and Joey Lecky for the development of Fig. 2. We also thank Steve Borgatti for technical advice. Data on catch and effort and fish sales was provided by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, the National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Regional Office, and the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, the USDA, the Economic Research Service or any of its subdivisions. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 131 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.005 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA EC6LW UT WOS:000388248600001 ER PT J AU Maynard, JJ Levi, MR AF Maynard, Jonathan J. Levi, Matthew R. TI Hyper-temporal remote sensing for digital soil mapping: Characterizing soil-vegetation response to climatic variability SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Digital soil mapping; Climatic variability; Hyper-temporal; Machine learning; Landsat ID ETM PLUS DATA; SONORAN DESERT; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; COVER CHANGE; SATELLITE; REGION; CLASSIFICATION; INDEXES; BIOMASS; MODIS AB Indices derived from remotely-sensed imagery are commonly used to predict soil properties with digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques. The use of images from single dates or a small number of dates is most common for DSM; however, selection of the appropriate images is complicated by temporal variability in land surface spectral properties. We argue that hyper-temporal remote sensing (RS) (i.e., hundreds of images) can provide novel insights into soil spatial variability by quantifying the temporal response of land surface spectral properties. This temporal response provides a spectral 'fingerprint' of the soil-vegetation relationship which is directly related to a range of soil properties. To evaluate the hyper-temporal RS approach, this study first reviewed and synthesized, within the context of temporal variability, previous research that has used RS imagery for DSM. Results from this analysis support the notion that temporal variability in RS spectra, as driven by soil and climate feedbacks, is an important predictor of soil variability. To explicitly evaluate this idea and to demonstrate the utility of the hyper-temporal approach, we present a case study in a semiarid landscape of southeastern Arizona, USA. In this case study surface soil texture and coarse fragment classes were predicted using a 28 year time series of Landsat TM derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and modeled using support vector machine (SVM) classification, and results evaluated relative to more traditional RS approaches (e.g., mono-, bi-, and multi-temporal). Results from the case study show that SVM classification using hyper-temporal RS imagery was more effective in modeling both soil texture and coarse fragment classes relative to mono-, bi-, or multi-temporal RS, with classification accuracies of 67% and 62%, respectively. Short-term transitions between wet and dry periods (i.e., <6 months) were the dominant drivers of vegetation spectral variability and corresponded to the general timing of significant RS scenes within in our SVM models, confirming the importance of spectral variability in predicting soil texture and coarse fragment classes. Results from the case study demonstrate the efficacy of the hyper-temporal RS approach in predicting soil properties and highlights how hyper-temporal RS can improve current methods of soil mapping efforts through its ability to characterize subtle changes in RS spectra relating to variation in soil properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Maynard, Jonathan J.; Levi, Matthew R.] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Maynard, JJ (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jonathan.maynard@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS Postdoctoral Research Associate Program; USDA-NRCS of Arizona [68-9457-8-466]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station [ARZT-1367190-H21-155] FX This work was supported by the USDA ARS Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, the USDA-NRCS of Arizona cooperative agreement 68-9457-8-466 NSF EAR/IF #0929850, and the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station ARZT-1367190-H21-155. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 285 BP 94 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.09.024 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA EC5DK UT WOS:000388153100010 ER PT J AU Kim, HW Miller, DK Yan, FF Wang, WC Cheng, HW Kim, YHB AF Kim, Hyun-Wook Miller, Danika K. Yan, Feifei Wang, Weichao Cheng, Heng-wei Kim, Yuan H. Brad TI Probiotic supplementation and fast freezing to improve quality attributes and oxidation stability of frozen chicken breast muscle SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus subtilis; Chicken breast; Fast freezing; Lipid oxidation; Probiotics ID WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; MEAT QUALITY; LIPID OXIDATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; NONHEME IRON; STORAGE; BEEF; TEMPERATURE AB The study was conducted to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation and fast freezing on quality attributes and oxidation stability of frozen/thawed chicken breast muscle. Broilers (n = 168) were fed with a basal diet or the basal diet plus 250 mg of Sporulin (three strains of Bacillus subtilis)/kg of basal diet for 45 days. Pairs of breasts were separated from chicken carcasses and randomly assigned to either slow (-30 degrees C) or fast freezing (-70 degrees C) and stored at 30 degrees C. After thawing at 2 degrees C for 24 h, half of the thawed breasts from each treatment were stored for an additional 48 h. Probiotic supplementation increased phospholipid content in breasts (P < 0.05), but substantially delayed both primary and secondary lipid oxidation products shown by the results from peroxide value and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.05). Further, the breasts from probiotic chicken group had a significantly lower nonheme iron content than those from control chicken group. Fast freezing significantly reduced thaw/purge loss and minimized lipid oxidation (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that oxidative deterioration and increased purge/thaw loss of frozen chicken breasts can be effectively minimized by probiotic supplementation coupled with fast freezing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Hyun-Wook; Miller, Danika K.; Kim, Yuan H. Brad] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Meat Sci & Muscle Biol Lab, 901 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yan, Feifei; Wang, Weichao] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cheng, Heng-wei] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kim, YHB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Meat Sci & Muscle Biol Lab, 901 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bradkim@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.035 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EB6TP UT WOS:000387518800005 ER PT J AU Heperkan, D Dalkilic-Kaya, G Juneja, VK AF Heperkan, Dilek Dalkilic-Kaya, Gozde Juneja, Vijay K. TI Cronobacter sakazakii in baby foods and baby food ingredients of dairy origin and microbiological profile of positive samples SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWDERED INFANT FORMULA; ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII; SPP.; MILK; INFECTIONS AB Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF), follow-up formula (FUF) and a variety of foods. Two different methods were used for the isolation of Cronobacter spp. from baby food ingredients, PIF and FUF in this study. Each presumptive C sakazakii isolate was then subjected to identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prevalence of C sakazakii was 7.5% and the number of C sakazakii was between 7 and 15 MPN/g in milk and whey powders. Cedecea lapagei was detected in PIF for the first time in this study. Other pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not detected in the samples. Cedecea lapagei is also an opportunistic pathogen and was found in PIF and thus, care must be taken and effective control measures should be applied in the production of PIF. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heperkan, Dilek; Dalkilic-Kaya, Gozde] Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Chem & Met Engn, Dept Food Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Juneja, Vijay K.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Heperkan, D (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Chem & Met Engn, Dept Food Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. EM heperkan@itu.edu.tr NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.013 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EB6TP UT WOS:000387518800053 ER PT J AU Shi, XL Davis, JP Xia, ZT Sandeep, KP Sanders, TH Dean, LO AF Shi, Xiaolei Davis, Jack P. Xia, Zhoutong Sandeep, K. P. Sanders, Timothy H. Dean, Lisa O. TI Characterization of peanuts after dry roasting, oil roasting, and blister frying SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Peanut; Oil roasting; Dry roasting; Microstructure; Shelf life ID FLAVOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; COLOR; OVEN; COTYLEDON; MICROWAVE; COOKING; TIME AB Peanuts were systematically deep fried, blister fried, or dry roasted at 177 degrees C to Hunter L-values of 53.0 +/- 1.0, 48.5 +/- 1.0, and 43.0 +/- 1.0, corresponding to light, medium, and dark roasting, respectively. Thermal modifications of the epidermal and parenchyma cells were observed in the scanning electron microscopic images for processed peanuts, compared to raw peanuts. Peanut microstructure was most extensively damaged by blister frying, followed by deep frying, and then dry roasting. The moisture content decreased with increased surface color, due to more moisture loss with longer heat processing time. For light roasting, blister fried peanuts had significantly higher moisture contents than the deep fried and dry roasted peanuts, while for medium and dark roasting, blister fried had lower moistures than the other two. Descriptive sensory analysis was able to distinguish the flavor and texture profiles of peanuts prepared, by different roasting methods. In storage testing throughout 16 weeks, peroxide value measurements indicated the blister fried peanuts had the longest shelf life, followed by the dry roasted, and then the deep fried. Descriptive sensory analysis proved that the rate of the loss of roast peanut flavor during storage was faster in dry roasted peanuts followed by blister fried and deep fried. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shi, Xiaolei; Xia, Zhoutong; Sandeep, K. P.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Jack P.; Sanders, Timothy H.; Dean, Lisa O.] North Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, 236 Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Jack P.] JLA Global Int, Albany, GA 31721 USA. RP Dean, LO (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, 236 Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Lisa.Dean@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.030 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EB6TP UT WOS:000387518800069 ER PT J AU Whittaker, G Fare, R Grosskopf, S Barnhart, B Bostian, M Mueller-Warrant, G Griffith, S AF Whittaker, Gerald Fare, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Barnhart, Bradley Bostian, Moriah Mueller-Warrant, George Griffith, Stephen TI Spatial targeting of agri-environmental policy using bilevel evolutionary optimization SO OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bilevel optimization; DEA; SWAT; Multicriteria; Evolutionary algorithms; Decision support systems ID DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS; MEXICO HYPOXIC ZONE; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; POLLUTION; ALGORITHM; INSTRUMENTS; NITROGEN; IMPUTATION; EFFICIENCY AB In this study we describe the optimal designation of agri-environmental policy as a bilevel optimization problem and propose an integrated solution method using a hybrid genetic algorithm. The problem is characterized by a single leader, the agency, that establishes a policy with the goal of optimizing its own objectives, and multiple followers, the producers, who respond by complying with the policy in a way that maximizes their own objectives. We assume that the leader has perfect knowledge of policy outcomes for all parameterizations of agri-environmental policy. We use a hybrid genetic algorithm to simulate perfect knowledge of all policy outcomes in a bilevel optimization. Our hybrid genetic algorithm integrates a biophysical model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool; SWAT) with an economic model (profit maximization; DEA). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is included to specify agency environmental objectives, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to model producer behavior in response to agri-environmental policy. We applied the resulting integrated modeling system to the analysis of an input tax on fertilizer in the Calapooia watershed in Oregon, USA. Application of the incentive policy at different geographical resolutions showed that bilevel optimization is effective for calculating optimal spatial targeting of agri-environmental policy. Surprisingly, the presented algorithm found multiple different policy configurations that achieved nearly identical results for the upper level (agency) objectives. This observation raises the possibility that additional objectives could incorporate equity, equality of outcome, and policy initiatives such as support for small farms at no additional cost. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whittaker, Gerald; Barnhart, Bradley; Mueller-Warrant, George; Griffith, Stephen] ARS, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fare, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bostian, Moriah] Lewis & Clark Coll, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Whittaker, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jerry.Whittaker@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0483 J9 OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S JI Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 66 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.omega.2016.01.007 PN A PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA EB6VP UT WOS:000387524000002 ER PT J AU Gooch, E AF Gooch, Elizabeth TI Estimating the Long-Term Impact of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-61) on Modern China SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE modern Chinese history; famines; instrumental variable approach; economic growth ID LEAP FAMINE; AGRICULTURAL CRISIS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; HISTORY; EUROPE; CONSEQUENCES; AFRICA; PLAGUE; WAR AB This research analyzes the long-term impact of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-61) on the modern Chinese economy, and shows that areas in which famine was most severe have significantly lower per capita GDP today. The Great Famine coincided with the Chinese Communist Party's industrialization and agriculture modernization plan, the Great Leap Forward (GLF). To remove omitted variable and endogeneity problems, a unique relationship between the Communist army's takeover of mainland China (1946-50) and the degree to which subnational leadership was willing to enforce GLF policies to the detriment of rural citizens' well-being is exploited via instrumental variable (IV) estimation. Specifically, areas liberated later had a higher density of zealous administrators by the start of the GLF in 1958, and in turn experienced stricter enforcement of GLF policies which resulted in greater famine severity. As a result, this research finds a relatively pronounced impact of politically-triggered famine captured by the IV approach, which strengthens the growing outlook that famine is a consequence of inadequate food entitlement, as opposed to being simply food shortages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gooch, Elizabeth] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gooch, E (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 89 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.006 PG 12 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA EB8FW UT WOS:000387627900009 ER PT J AU Kretser, A Murphy, D Dwyer, J AF Kretser, Alison Murphy, Delia Dwyer, Johanna TI Scientific integrity resource guide: Efforts by federal agencies, foundations, nonprofit organizations, professional societies, and academia in the United States SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE Research integrity; misconduct; transparency; reproducibility; open data; scientific integrity principles AB Scientific integrity is at the forefront of the scientific research enterprise. This paper provides an overview of key existing efforts on scientific integrity by federal agencies, foundations, nonprofit organizations, professional societies, and academia from 1989 to April 2016. It serves as a resource for the scientific community on scientific integrity work and helps to identify areas in which more action is needed. Overall, there is tremendous activity in this area and there are clear linkages among the efforts of the five sectors. All the same, scientific integrity needs to remain visible in the scientific community and evolve along with new research paradigms. High priority in instilling these values falls upon all stakeholders. C1 [Kretser, Alison; Murphy, Delia] ILSI North Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr,Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kretser, A (reprint author), ILSI North Amer, Sci Programs, 1156 15th St NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM akretser@ilsi.org FU ILSI North America FX ILSI North America is a public, nonprofit foundation that provides a forum to advance understanding of scientific issues related to the nutritional quality and safety of the food supply by sponsoring research programs, educational seminars and workshops, and publications. ILSI North America receives support primarily from its industry membership. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 EI 1549-7852 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2017 VL 57 IS 1 BP 163 EP 180 DI 10.1080/10408398.2016.1221794 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA EA4PC UT WOS:000386594100014 PM 27748637 ER PT B AU Lawrence, P Rieder, E AF Lawrence, Paul Rieder, Elizabeth BE Sobrino, F Domingo, E TI Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Receptors: Multiple Gateways to Initiate Infection SO FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND EMERGING TRENDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; G-H LOOP; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS 3A; REPLICATION ELEMENT CRE; SOLUBLE CELL RECEPTORS; GLYCINE-ASPARTIC ACID; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); IN-VITRO; COXSACKIEVIRUS A9; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE RECEPTOR AB Since its discovery over 100 years ago as the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), research has been directed at understanding the biology of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) so as to be able to control this devastating and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed livestock. Given its persistence and high rate of transmission, FMDV threatens worldwide livestock and related industries and has the potential for significant negative impacts on broader economies. A considerable amount of knowledge has been amassed in the last several decades on FMDV replication, structural biology, and the functionality of its RNA genome and encoded proteins. As a result, new technologies have now afforded the means to control this disease both with new generation vaccines and antiviral therapies. Despite these advances, many of the molecular features of the FMDV genome that determine virulence remain unclear. Developing detailed molecular knowledge of virus host interactions and identifying mechanisms that might influence pathogenesis and host range will be essential to more effectively countermeasure FMD in-the future. This chapter focuses on the cellular receptor molecules that have been identified for FMDV that affect organ and host tropism, as well as the non-receptor proteins and viral factors known to influence either host range or virulence of the virus. C1 [Lawrence, Paul; Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Lawrence, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM paul.lawrence@ars.usda.gov; elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov NR 286 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910190-51-7 PY 2017 BP 107 EP 135 PG 29 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BF9UZ UT WOS:000385997000005 ER PT B AU Segundo, FDS Medina, GN Grubman, MJ de los Santos, T AF Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San Medina, Gisselle N. Grubman, Marvin J. de los Santos, Teresa BE Sobrino, F Domingo, E TI Control of Foot-and-mouth Disease by Using Replication-defective Human Adenoviruses to Deliver Vaccines and Biotherapeutics SO FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND EMERGING TRENDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PORCINE INTERFERON-ALPHA; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MEDIATED RNA INTERFERENCE; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2B; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; IN-VIVO; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SUBUNIT VACCINE; INHIBITS REPLICATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important viral diseases that can affect livestock worldwide. Although the disease has been successfully controlled in many geographic regions, mainly due to the enforcement of surveillance and trading policies, and the use of an available inactivated whole virus vaccine formulation, challenges remain as outbreaks are constantly detected in most of the developing world. With the expansion of globalization and the exponential growth of population in today's world, recent outbreaks have wreaked havoc in disease-free countries resulting in devastating economic consequences. Novel vaccination policies that could be massively produced anywhere, that could induce early protection after vaccination at a low risk and affordable cost are needed. A novel vaccine approach using a recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ads) vector has recently been developed and has been granted for the first time in the last 50 years, a provisional U.S. licence for production and use in the U.S. mainland in outbreak situations. The Ad5-FMD vaccine delivers only FMDV capsid and some non-structural (NS) viral coding regions required for capsid processing and improved expression. Animals vaccinated with Ad5-FMD can be readily differentiated from infected animals (DIVA) using diagnostic assays employing the NS proteins not present in the vaccine, and production of this vaccine does not require expensive high containment manufacturing facilities since it does not contain infectious FMDV. One inoculation of this Ad5-FMD subunit vaccine can induce rapid, within 7 days, and relatively long-lasting protection in swine. Similarly cattle inoculated with one dose of this recombinant vector are rapidly protected from direct and contact exposure to virulent virus. Furthermore, cattle given two doses of this vaccine developed high levels of FMDV-specific neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that the Ad5 vector approach may be useful in semiannual FMD vaccine campaigns. To stimulate protection prior to the vaccine-induced adaptive immune response we have explored the possibility of using biotherapeutics also delivered by recombinant Ad5. Delivery of type I, type II and type III interferon (IFN) can fully protect swine against challenge with multiple FMDV serotypes. Similarly, delivery of type III IFN can protect cattle against FMD. Interestingly a combined approach of Ad5-FMD vaccine and Ad5-IFN can protect animals as early as 1 day post vaccination and protection can be complete. Thus, this combination approach successfully addresses a number of concerns of FMD-free countries with the current disease control plan. By rapidly limiting virus replication and spread, this strategy may reduce the number of animals that need to be slaughtered during an outbreak as well as allow for differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals. In this chapter we will review the development of these approaches and current efforts to improve the strategy to make it affordable and effective for global use. C1 [Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Medina, Gisselle N.; Grubman, Marvin J.; de los Santos, Teresa] ARS, PIADC, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Segundo, FDS (reprint author), ARS, PIADC, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA.; Segundo, FDS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM fayna.sansegundo@ars.usda.gov; gisselle.medina@ars.usda.gov; marvin.grubman@gniail.com; teresa.delossantos@ars.usda.gov NR 176 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910190-51-7 PY 2017 BP 333 EP 356 PG 24 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BF9UZ UT WOS:000385997000014 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Dabney, SM Tewolde, H Jenkins, JN AF Adeli, Ardeshir Dabney, Seth M. Tewolde, Haile Jenkins, Johnie N. TI Effects of tillage and broiler litter on crop productions in an eroded soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Poultry litter; Degraded soil; Corn yield and wheat production ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; POULTRY LITTER; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AMMONIUM-NITRATE AB This study was initiated in 2005 at the Plant Material Center, NRCS, in Coffeeville MS, on an eroded Loring silt loam soil with 1-3% slope to determine the effects of broiler litter with tillage and cropping systems on improving soil quality and crop production. A randomized complete block design with three replications and split-plot arrangement of treatments was used. The main plots were tillage and no-till and the sub-plots were an unfertilized control, broiler litter at low (9 Mg ha(-1)) and high (18 Mg ha(-1)) rates. The cropping system was corn-wheat rotation. Broiler litter was applied as N source to corn (Zea mays) grown under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) in 2005 and 2007. Winter wheat (Triticum spp) was planted after harvesting corn and harvested for grain in June 2006 and 2008 in the same plots that previously received litter. Corn grain yield, grain N and P uptake were significantly increased with increasing broiler litter applications. Averaged across years, corn grain yield and N uptake were greater with conventional tillage (4014 and 63 kg ha(-1)) than no-till corn (2608 and 42 kg ha(-1)), respectively. Residual effect of broiler litter at the high rate significantly increased wheat grain yield and grain N uptake (1778 and 26 kg ha(-1)) as compared to the control (901 and 14 kg ha(-1)), respectively. Biennial application of broiler litter to an eroded soil enhanced corn-wheat productions, and improved soil quality by increasing soil C, water stable aggregate and infiltration and reducing soil penetration resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adeli, Ardeshir; Tewolde, Haile; Jenkins, Johnie N.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dabney, Seth M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 52 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 165 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.still.2016.08.010 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DZ5KO UT WOS:000385901200023 ER PT J AU Gillette, K Ma, LW Malone, RW Fang, QX Halvorson, AD Hatfield, JL Ahuja, LR AF Gillette, Katrina Ma, Liwang Malone, Robert W. Fang, Q. X. Halvorson, Ardell D. Hatfield, Jerry L. Ahuja, L. R. TI Simulating N2O emissions under different tillage corn using RZ-SHAW model systems of irrigated SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem model; Nitrous oxide emissions; No-till ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; WATER MANAGEMENT; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY-BALANCE; DAYCENT MODEL; GAS EMISSIONS; NITRATE LOSS; N RATE; FIELD AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), and agriculture is a global source of N2O emissions from soil fertility management. Yet emissions vary by agronomic practices and environmental factors that govern soil moisture and temperature. Ecosystem models are important tools to estimate N2O emissions by accounting for such variables, and models can strengthen field research. The objective of this study was to test RZ-SHAW predictions of crop production and N2O emissions from conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) systems at high (HN) rate and low nitrogen input (LN) treatments in an irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) field in Colorado from 2003 to 2006 growing seasons. The model was calibrated using the HN-CT, and other treatments were used as validations. Additionally, the SHAW model was run in conjunction with RZWQM2 to account for differences in soil surface temperatures. Simulated crop yields were within 0.7 and 0.9% of measured yield for HN-NT and CT treatments, and 32 and 3% of measured yield for LN-NT and CT treatments, respectively. Spring soil temperatures were cooler by 2 degrees C in NT compared to CT, and were correctly simulated using RZ-SHAW coupled model. RZ-SHAW simulated N2O emissions were slightly under predicted by 0.10 (1.5%) and 0.56 (7.1%) kg N ha(-1) for HN-NT and HN-CT treatments, respectively. Results for LN treatments showed larger differences in simulated N2O emissions and were over predicted by 0.11 (16%) kg N ha(-1) in NT and under predicted by 0.29 (29%) g N ha(-1) day(-1) in CT. Annual emissions were in close agreement, with observed and simulated showing 12 and 10% lower N2O emissions from HN-NT than HN-CT, respectively. Cooler surface soil temperature and higher soil water content in the HN-NT treatment caused slower breakdown of crop residue and slightly more denitrification than HN-CT, resulting in lower N2O emissions in HN-NT. This is the first test of the newly added GHG component in RZ-SHAW under no-till management, and results suggest with some improvements the model could be applied to quantify N2O emissions from different management practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gillette, Katrina; Malone, Robert W.; Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg D,Ste 200, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Fang, Q. X.] Qingdao Agr Univ, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gillette, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Katrina.Gillette@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 165 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.still.2016.08.023 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DZ5KO UT WOS:000385901200030 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JP Shrestha, A Mathesius, K Scow, KM Southard, RJ Haney, RL Schmidt, R Munk, DS Horwath, WR AF Mitchell, Jeffrey P. Shrestha, Anil Mathesius, Konrad Scow, Kate M. Southard, Randal J. Haney, Richard L. Schmidt, Radomir Munk, Daniel S. Horwath, William R. TI Cover cropping and no-tillage improve soil health in an arid irrigated cropping system in California's San Joaquin Valley, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE No-tillage; Soil health; Cover crops; Arid regions; Conservation agriculture ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WATER CONSERVATION; SEMIARID REGION; QUALITY; CARBON; AGGREGATE; INFILTRATION; EVAPORATION; MANAGEMENT AB The concept of soil health has attracted considerable attention during the past two decades, but few studies have focused on the effects on soil health of long-term soil management in arid irrigated environments. We investigated the effects of cover cropping and no-till management on soil physical and chemical properties during a 15-year experiment in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) USA. Our objective was to determine if soil health could be improved by these practices in an annual crop rotation. The impact of long-term no-tillage (NT) and cover cropping (CC) practices, alone and in combination, was measured and compared with standard tillage (ST) with and without cover crops (NO) in irrigated row crops after 15 years of management. Soil aggregation, rates of water infiltration, content of carbon, nitrogen, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and organic nitrogen (WEON), residue cover, and biological activity were all increased by NT and CC practices relative to STNO. However, effects varied by depth with NT increasing soil bulk density by 12% in the 0-15 cm depth and 10% in the 15-30 cm depth. Higher levels of WEOC were found in the CC surface (0-5 cm) depth in both spring and fall samplings in 2014. Surface layer (0-15 cm) WEON was higher in the CC systems for both samplings. Tillage did not affect WEON in the spring, but WEON was increased in the NT surface soil layer in the fall. Sampling depth, CC, and tillage affected 1-day soil respiration and a soil health index assessment, however the effects were seasonal, with higher levels found in the fall sampling than in the spring. Both respiration and the soil health index were increased by CC with higher levels found in the 0-5 cm depth than in the 5-15 and 15-30 cm depths. Results indicated that adoption of NT and CC in arid, irrigated cropping systems could benefit soil health by improving chemical, physical, and biological indicators of soil functions while maintaining similar crop yields as the ST system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mitchell, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Shrestha, Anil] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, 2415 E San Ramon Ave M-S AS 72, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Mathesius, Konrad] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Scow, Kate M.; Southard, Randal J.; Schmidt, Radomir; Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haney, Richard L.] ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Munk, Daniel S.] Univ Calif, Fresno Cty Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Mitchell, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jpmitchell@ucdavis.edu; ashrestha@csufresno.edu; kpmathesius@ucdavis.edu; kmscow@ucdavis.edu; rjsouthard@ucdavis.edu; Rick.Haney@ars.usda.gov; radschmidt@ucdavis.edu; wrhorwath@ucdavis.edu OI Shrestha, Anil/0000-0001-7709-6344 FU USDA NRI; California Tomato Research Institute; UC Kearney Foundation of Soil Science FX This study was sponsored by the USDA NRI from 1999 to 2003, the California Tomato Research Institute, and the UC Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and the Editor of Soil and Tillage Research for their constructive comments. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 90 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 165 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.still.2016.09.001 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DZ5KO UT WOS:000385901200036 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Bigley, ABW Brunkhorst, CD AF Geveke, David J. Bigley, Andrew B. W. Brunkhorst, Christopher D. TI Pasteurization of shell eggs using radio frequency heating SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Radio frequency; Dielectric heating; Shell eggs; Pasteurization; Impedance; Finite element modeling ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTACT EGGS; INACTIVATION; IMMERSION; QUALITY AB The USDA-FSIS estimates that pasteurization of all shell eggs in the U.S. would reduce the annual number of illnesses by more than 110,000. However, less than 3% of shell eggs are commercially pasteurized. One of the main reasons for this is that the commercial hot water process requires as much as 60 min to complete. In the present study, a radio frequency (RF) apparatus was constructed, and a two-step process was developed that uses RF energy and hot water, to pasteurize eggs in less than half the time. In order to select an appropriate RF generator, the impedance of shell eggs was measured in the frequency range of 10-70 MHz. The power density within the egg was modeled to prevent potential hotspots. Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) was inoculated in the yolk to approximately 7.5 log CFU/ml. The combination process first heated the egg in 35.0 degrees C water for 3.5 min using 60 MHz RF energy. This resulted in the yolk being preferentially heated to 61 degrees C. Then, the egg was heated for an additional 20 min with 56.7 degrees C water. This two-step process reduced the population of E. coli by 6.5 log. The total time for the process was 23.5 min. By contrast, processing for 60 min was required to reduce the E. coli by 6.6 log using just hot water. The novel RF pasteurization process presented in this study was considerably faster than the existing commercial process. This should lead to an increase in the percentage of eggs being pasteurized, as well as a reduction of foodborne illnesses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Geveke, David J.; Bigley, Andrew B. W.] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brunkhorst, Christopher D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, MS08,C Site Engn Wing 117, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.geveke@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 EI 1873-5770 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 193 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.08.009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA DY1JL UT WOS:000384851200006 ER PT J AU do Evangelho, JA Vanier, NL Pinto, VZ De Berrios, JJ Dias, ARG Zavareze, ED AF do Evangelho, Jarine Amaral Vanier, Nathan Levien Pinto, Vania Zanella De Berrios, Jose J. Guerra Dias, Alvaro Renato Zavareze, Elessandra da Rosa TI Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein hydrolysates: Physicochemical and functional properties SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant activity; Emulsion; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Protein hydrolysate; Black bean protein ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ISOLATE; ANTIOXIDANT; PEPTIDES; AGGREGATION; ALCALASE; SEEDS AB Black bean protein hydrolysates obtained from pepsin and alcalase digestions until 120 min of hydrolysis were evaluated by gel electrophoresis, relative fluorescence intensity, emulsifying properties, light micrograph of emulsions and in vitro antioxidant activity. The emulsion stability of the bean protein hydrolysates were evaluated during 30 days of storage. The pepsin-treated bean protein hydrolysates presented higher degree of hydrolysis than the alcalase-treated protein hydrolysates. The alcalase-treated bean protein hydrolysates showed higher surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, the protein hydrolysates obtained with alcalase digestion presented higher emulsion stability during 30-days than those obtained from pepsin digestion. The protein concentrate and especially the hydrolysates obtained from alcalase digestion had good emulsion stability and antioxidant activity. Thus, they could be exploited as protein supplements in the diet as nutritional and bioactive foods. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [do Evangelho, Jarine Amaral; Vanier, Nathan Levien; Pinto, Vania Zanella; Guerra Dias, Alvaro Renato; Zavareze, Elessandra da Rosa] Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Agroind Sci & Technol, BR-96010900 Pelotas, Brazil. [De Berrios, Jose J.] ARS, Hlth Proc Foods Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP do Evangelho, JA (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Agroind Sci & Technol, BR-96010900 Pelotas, Brazil. EM jarineamaral@hotmail.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 214 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.046 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA DY0GY UT WOS:000384776500060 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Shier, WT Plasencia, J Weaver, MA Bellaloui, N Kotowicz, JK Butler, AM Accinelli, C de la Torre-Hernandez, ME Zablotowicz, RM AF Abbas, Hamed K. Shier, W. Thomas Plasencia, Javier Weaver, Mark A. Bellaloui, Nacer Kotowicz, Jeremy K. Butler, Alemah M. Accinelli, Cesare Eugenia de la Torre-Hernandez, M. Zablotowicz, Robert M. TI Mycotoxin contamination in corn smut (Ustilago maydis) galls in the field and in the commercial food products SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Fumonisin; Deoxynivalenol; Cyclopiazonic acid; Zearalenone; Common smut gall; Commercial products ID FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; ZEA-MAYS; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MAIZE; INFECTION; AFLATOXIN; ZEARALENONE AB Corn infected with Ustilago maydis, causal agent of common smut disease, produces galls that are used as food in certain cultures, but may be contaminated with mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to determine mycotoxin levels in common smut galls (CSGs) collected from the field at corn ear reproductive stages R1 through R5 and in commercial CSGs products. The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013. A simple extraction method for five mycotoxins was devised and the results showed the presence of these compounds in CSGs in corn during ear development at various physiological stages. Fumonisin was the major mycotoxin in CSG samples in both 2012 (63%, <= 150.7 mu g g(-1)) and 2013 (46.9%, <= 20.9 mu g g(-1)); followed by aflatoxin (2012: 2%, <= 14.7 ng g(-1); 2013: 30.6%, <= 10.8 ng g(-1)) and zearalenone (2012: <= 41.70 ng g(-1); 2013: <= 12.40 ng g(-1)). Deoxynivalenol (DON) was only detected in 2012 (<= 1.6 mu g g(-1)), and cyclopiazonic acid was only detected in 2013 (<= 3.18 mu g g(-1)). Commercial canned and fresh CSG samples also contained detectable amounts of mycotoxins including aflatoxin, fumonisin, CPA, and DON. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from selected 2013 CSG field samples at R2 or older (0 -1.6 x 10(6) cfu/g), whereas Fusarium spp were isolated at R1 or older (0-7.5 x 10(7) cfu/g). These results indicate that CSGs can be infected with mycotoxigenic fungi and contaminated with mycotoxins. The incidence of mycotoxins in commercially available CSG products was highly variable and warrants further study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Abbas, Hamed K.; Weaver, Mark A.; Kotowicz, Jeremy K.; Butler, Alemah M.] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, W. Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Plasencia, Javier; Eugenia de la Torre-Hernandez, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Sch Chem, Dept Biochem, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Bellaloui, Nacer] ARS, Crop Genet Syst Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Accinelli, Cesare] Univ Bologna, Dept Agr Sci, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.] ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Hamed.Abbas@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD JAN PY 2017 VL 71 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.006 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA DY0HR UT WOS:000384778400008 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI Dynamic kinetic analysis of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a simulated comminuted, non-cured cooked pork product SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Predictive modeling; Dynamic analysis; Listeria monocytogenes ID TEMPERATURES; PARAMETERS; MODEL AB The objective of this study was to directly construct a tertiary growth model for Listeria monocytogenes in a simulated comminuted, non-cured cooked pork product and simultaneously determine the kinetic parameters using a combination of dynamic and isothermal growth curves. Growth studies were conducted using a cocktail of 5 strains of L. monocytogenes in cooked pork under both dynamic and isothermal temperature profiles designed to examine the effect of temperature on bacterial growth. A direct kinetic analysis method was used to construct the growth models and determine the kinetic parameters. The bacterial growth was simulated by a set of differential equations, and the temperature effect was evaluated by the cardinal parameters model. A numerical analysis and optimization method was used to simultaneously solve the different equations and search for the best fits of kinetic parameters for the growth curves and models. The estimated minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperatures were 0, 33.0, and 42.6 degrees C, matching well with typical growth characteristics of this microorganism. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of curve-fitting was 0.42 log CFU/g. The growth models and kinetic parameters were validated using both independent dynamic and isothermal growth curves to check the accuracy of the models. The results showed that the RMSE of predicted growth was 0.49 log CFU/g. The residual errors of predictions follow a Laplace distribution, with 80.3% of the residual errors falling within +/- 0.5 log CFU/g of the observations. This study proves that the one-step dynamic analysis with both dynamic and isothermal temperature profiles can be an effective approach for simultaneously constructing a tertiary model and determining the kinetic parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huang, Lihan] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov OI Huang, Lihan/0000-0002-9565-4503 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD JAN PY 2017 VL 71 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.043 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA DY0HR UT WOS:000384778400022 ER PT J AU Liu, F Avena-Bustillos, RJ Chiou, BS Li, Y Ma, Y Williams, TG Wood, DF McHugh, TH Zhong, F AF Liu, Fei Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Chiou, Bor-Sen Li, Yue Ma, Yun Williams, Tina G. Wood, Delilah F. McHugh, Tara H. Zhong, Fang TI Controlled-release of tea polyphenol from gelatin films incorporated with different ratios of free/nanoencapsulated tea polyphenols into fatty food simulants SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE Tea polyphenol; Gelatin film; Chitosan nanoparticle; Controlled-release; Fatty food simulant; Antioxidant ID BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN NANOPARTICLES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BARRIER PROPERTIES; PACKAGING FILMS; SURFACE-TENSION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POTENTIAL APPROACH; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COMPOSITE FILMS; ACTIVE FILMS AB Chitosan nanoparticles with different encapsulation efficiencies were incorporated to obtain gelatin films with controlled-release properties. Nanoparticles tended to aggregate as encapsulation efficiency increased, due to the increase in surface tension of film-forming solutions. The addition of nanoparticles increased the compactness and isotherm hysteresis of films, whereas decreased the moisture diffusion. Tea polyphenol released faster and greater from films in 50% ethanol (4 degrees C) than in 95% ethanol (25 degrees C) fatty food stimulant due to the swelling by water. However, controlled-release showed in both simulants, where free tea polyphenol had the largest release followed by 51.3%, 83.3% and 96.9% encapsulation efficiency. The diffusion coefficient in 50% ethanol was 2 orders of magnitude higher than that 95% ethanol (10(-13) and 10(-11) cm(2)/s, respectively). Films maintained their structures in 95% ethanol after 240 h but not in 50% ethanol. These results might open up new designs in long-term protection for fatty foods. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Fei; Li, Yue; Ma, Yun; Zhong, Fang] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Liu, Fei; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Chiou, Bor-Sen; Williams, Tina G.; Wood, Delilah F.; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhong, F (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. EM fzhong@jiangnan.edu.cn FU National 125 Program [2011BAD23B02, 2013AA102207]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171686, 31401532, 31571891]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2012556]; 111 Project [B07029, PCSIRT0627, JUSRP11422, JUSRP51507]; Self-determined Research Program of Jiangnan University, JUSRP [115A22] FX This work was financially supported by the National 125 Program 2011BAD23B02, 2013AA102207, National Natural Science Foundation of China 31171686, 31401532 and 31571891, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK2012556, 111 Project B07029, PCSIRT0627, JUSRP11422 and JUSRP51507 and the Self-determined Research Program of Jiangnan University, JUSRP 115A22. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 157 U2 157 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X EI 1873-7137 J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.08.004 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA DU5LT UT WOS:000382253900023 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Proctor, RH Dyer, RB Plattner, RD AF Brown, DW Proctor, RH Dyer, RB Plattner, RD TI Characterization of a Fusarium 2-gene cluster involved in trichothecene C-8 modification SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium; trichothecene; T-2 toxin; deoxynivalenol; secondary metabolite; minigene cluster; P450; acyltransferase ID TOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-2 TOXIN; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; ENCODES; PROTEIN; CYTOCHROME-P-450; HYDROXYLATION; MONOOXYGENASE AB The Fusarium trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis and are a significant agricultural problem. Three coregulated loci are required for T-2 toxin synthesis by Fusarium sporotrichioides. The core-trichothecene gene cluster consists of 12 genes (Tri3-Tri14) while the second locus consists of a single gene (Tri101). The third locus was recently partially described and encodes 1-2 biosynthetic enzymes and a putative regulatory gene. Here, we describe a detailed characterization of this locus. Located adjacent to Tri1 is Tri16, which is required for esterification of the C-8 hydroxyl. A putative regulatory gene, also adjacent to Tri1, is not required for T-2 toxin synthesis. The genomic sequence of Fusarium graminearum (a DON producer) contains a putative functional Tril and a nonfunctional Tri16. The presence of the Tri16 pseudogene is consistent with the chemical structure of DON, which has a C-8 keto group rather than the C-8 ester of T-2 toxin. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 27 BP 7936 EP 7944 DI 10.1021/jf030607+ PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 757MG UT WOS:000187565600017 PM 14690377 ER PT J AU Gamble, GR AF Gamble, GR TI Variation in surface chemical constituents of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber as a function of maturity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; fiber; friction; maturity; micronaire; pectin; wax; sugar ID PART I AB Modern cotton yarn production technology has made it imperative that new predictors of yarn spinning efficiency be determined. Surface frictional forces play a large role in spinning efficiency, yet little is known about the chemical constituents comprising the cotton fiber surface or their respective roles in inter-fiber frictional behavior. Major cotton fiber surface chemical components including pectin, wax, soluble salts, and sugars were quantified, and their respective relationships to cotton fiber maturity, as measured by micronaire, determined for 87 cotton samples exhibiting large variations in age, micronaire, genetics, and growing region. In the case of pectin and wax, inverse relationships with micronaire were found, whereas salts and sugars exhibit linear relationships with micronaire. Using these mathematical relationships, it will be possible to develop predictive models of whether spinning performance of different cottons is affected by deviations of the chemical constituents from the determined relationships. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Gamble, GR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 27 BP 7995 EP 7998 DI 10.1021/jf030178f PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 757MG UT WOS:000187565600025 PM 14690385 ER PT J AU Lin, CH Lerch, RN Garrett, HE George, MF AF Lin, CH Lerch, RN Garrett, HE George, MF TI Degradation of isoxaflutole (Balance) herbicide by hypochlorite in tap water SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; hypochlorite; disinfection; herbicide; metabolites; chromatography; diketonitrile; benzoic acid metabolite; HPLC-MS/MS; HPLC-UV ID KINETICS AB Chlorine has been widely employed for the disinfection of drinking water. Additionally, it has the capacity to oxidize many organic compounds in water. Isoxaflutole (Balance; IXF) belongs to a new class of isoxazole herbicides. Isoxaflutole has a very short soil half-life and rapidly degrades to a stable and phytotoxic metabolite, diketonitrile (DKN). Further degradation of DKN produces a nonbiologically active benzoic acid (BA) metabolite. In experiments using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV spectroscopy (HPLC-UV) and HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), DKN was found to rapidly react with hypochlorite in tap water, yielding the BA metabolite as the major end product. One milligram per liter (19 muM) of hypochlorite residue in tap water was able to completely oxidize up to 1600 mug/L (4.45 mumol/L) of DKN. In tap water, the disappearance of IXF was much more rapid than in DI water. As soon as the IXF is hydrolyzed to DKN, the DKN quickly reacts with the OCl- to form nonphytotoxic BA. As a result, the herbicide solutions prepared with tap water at 500 mug/L will no longer possess any herbicidal activity after 48 h of storage. However, in agronomic settings, highly concentrated tank solutions (600-800 mg/L) may be prepared with tap water since the conversion of IXF to BA would represent <5% of the herbicide; therefore, any impact on the herbicide efficacy would be negligible. Results of this study show that current chlorination disinfection protocols in municipal water systems would completely eliminate the phytotoxic form of this new herbicide, DKN, from drinking water supplies; yet, farmers can use chlorinated tap water without significant loss of efficacy. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Ctr Agroforestry, 203G Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 27 BP 8011 EP 8014 DI 10.1021/jf034473b PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 757MG UT WOS:000187565600028 PM 14690388 ER PT J AU Huhndorf, SM Fernandez, FA Miller, AN Lodge, DJ AF Huhndorf, SM Fernandez, FA Miller, AN Lodge, DJ TI Neotropical Ascomycetes - 12. Mirannulata samuelsii gen. et sp nov and M-costaricensis sp nov., new taxa from the Caribbean and elsewhere SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Annulatascus; Annulatascaceae; Jobellisia; Neotropics ID FRESH-WATER FUNGI; PUERTO-RICO AB A terrestrial wood-inhabiting pyrenomycete was collected numerous times in the Neotropics. It possesses superficial, clustered ascomata, large, distinctive ascus rings and strongly guttulate, fusiform ascospores. A second similar pyrenomycete was collected once in Costa Rica. They could not be placed into any known genus, so a new genus, Mirannulata, is described. Mirannulata samuelsii has hyaline, fusiform, three-septate ascospores while M. costaricensis has brown, fusiform, one-septate ascospores. Mirannulata has a very large, chitinoid, double-layered ascus apical ring similar to that of Annulatascus and Jobellisia. C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Huhndorf, SM (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM shuhndorf@fieldmuseum.org NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2 BP 172 EP 180 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 764XD UT WOS:000188231200006 ER PT J AU Lu, BS Samuels, GJ AF Lu, BS Samuels, GJ TI Hypocrea stilbohypoxyli and its Trichoderma koningii-like anamorph: a new species from Puerto Rico on Stilbohypoxylon moelleri SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE anamorph; Ascomycetes; Hypocreales; Hypocreaceae; systematics; teleomorph ID TELEOMORPH; REVISION; VIRIDE AB The new species Hypocrea stilbohypoxyli and its Trichoderma anamorph are described. The species is known only from Puerto Rico where it grows on stromata of Stilbohypoxylon moelleri (Xylariales, Xylariaceae). Hypocrea stilbohypoxyli is readily distinguished from the morphologically most similar H. koningii/T koningii by its substratum and slower growth rate, which is especially evident on SNA. Stromata are morphologically very similar to those of H. koningii and H. rufa. The anamorph is morphologically close to T koningii, differing from T koningii in having somewhat shorter and wider conidia. Hypocrea stilbohypoxyli differs from H. koningii/T koningii in 3 bp in ITS-1 and 2 bp in ITS-2 sequences. Both are members of Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma. C1 Shanxi Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Dept Plant Pathol, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lu, BS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 764XD UT WOS:000188231200008 ER PT J AU Park, JB Schoene, N AF Park, JB Schoene, N TI N-caffeoyltyramine arrests growth of U937 and Jurkat cells by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphorylation and inducing caspase-3 SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE N-caffeoyltyramine; cell death; capase-3; tyrosine phosphorylation; epidermal growth factor receptor ID COA-TYRAMINE N-(HYDROXYCINNAMOYL)TRANSFERASE; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; KINASE INHIBITOR; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FLAVONOIDS; APOPTOSIS; GLUCOSE; ACTIVATION; CYCLE; QUANTIFICATION AB N-Cinnamoyltyramine, N-caffeoyltyramine, N-feruloyltyramine, and N-sinapoyltyramine were synthesized and investigated to identify the most potent compound with anti-proliferation effect on HL-60, U937 and Jurkat cells. N-Caffeoyltyramine was the most potent with GI(50) = 10 muM. The treatment of the cells with N-caffeoyltyramine activated caspase-3 activity, and inhibited the growth of cells via decreasing in protein tyrosine kinase activity including epidermal growth factor receptor. These data indicate that N-caffeoyltyramine is most potent compound, inducing cell death of the cancer cells by inhibiting protein tyrosine kinases and activating caspase-3 activity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrients Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Bldg 307 Room 313,PL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 202 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.08.010 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 753NL UT WOS:000187237400006 PM 14643446 ER PT J AU Chadwick, OA Gavenda, RT Kelly, EF Ziegler, K Olson, CG Elliott, WC Hendricks, DM AF Chadwick, OA Gavenda, RT Kelly, EF Ziegler, K Olson, CG Elliott, WC Hendricks, DM TI The impact of climate on the biogeochemical functioning of volcanic soils SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY 20-24, 2001 CL HOT SPRINGS, VIRGINIA DE andisols; thresholds; Hawaii; allophane; halloysite ID POTASSIUM-ARGON AGES; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; KOHALA VOLCANO; CHANGING SOURCES; CARBON STORAGE; HAWAIIAN SOILS; MOJAVE-DESERT; NEW-ZEALAND; HALLOYSITE; CALIFORNIA AB Rainfall and the amount of water available to leach ions from soil are among the most important features determining mineral weathering, secondary mineral synthesis and soil chemical properties. Along an and to humid climosequence on Kohala Mountain, Hawaii, we sampled 16 soil profiles and found that weathering and soil properties change in a nonlinear fashion with increased rainfall. The lavas are influenced by a strong rain shadow with mean annual precipitation (MAP) averaging 160 mm near the coast and rising to >3000 mm near the summit. A temperature decline from 24 to 15 degreesC with increasing elevation is matched by lower potential evapotranspiration (ET). A water balance model (monthly precipitation minus monthly ET) defines three broad climate zones along the sampling transect: an and zone with moisture deficit in every month, an intermediate zone with moisture deficit during low-rainfall summer months and moisture surplus during high-rainfall winter months, and a humid zone with moisture surplus during every month. The annualized water balance can be ratioed with the integrated porosity of the top meter of soil to provide a leaching index. The index reaches 1 (total filling of the pore space on an annual basis) at about 1400 mm MAP. Index values >1 imply intense leaching conditions because of pore water replacement. In these 170 ka soils, leaching losses of soluble base cations and Si are nearly complete at index values >1, whereas only 60% of Al has been lost. At index values <1 leaching losses are progressively lower with the lowest rainfall sites having lost 10-20% of the original base cations and Si and none of the Al. At all sites, the secondary clay mineral assemblage is dominated by metastable noncrystalline weathering products; humid soil profiles contain very few crystalline minerals whereas the and profiles contain halloysite, hematite, gibbsite and small amounts of carbonates. Soil surface exchange properties are influenced strongly by climatic conditions and show a dramatic threshold in base cation saturation, pH and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) at leaching index of 1 (1400 mm MAP). Soils with leaching index of <1 have high base cation saturation, near-neutral pH and high ECEC. At MAP >1400 mm, soil buffering capacity has been totally exhausted leading to low pH and low ECEC. The nonlinear decline in ECEC is irreversible under natural conditions; base cation depleted soils will remain so even if the climate shifts to drier conditions. In contrast, a climate shift to wetter conditions can drastically modify surface chemical properties existing in the drier soils as weathering depletes primary minerals, elements are lost to leaching, and surface chemistry is modified. There is a time-dimension implied in climate gradient studies; soils forming in recently rejuvenated landscapes contain more primary minerals and should experience loss of buffering capacity at higher rainfall. Loss of buffering capacity means that biological acidity will move more deeply into the vadose zone or into the aquatic system. The details of this transfer depend on present and past climate, and the age and erosional stability of landscapes. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Kealakekua, HI 96750 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Geol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chadwick, OA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 80 TC 167 Z9 172 U1 16 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2002.09.001 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 756LP UT WOS:000187466800002 ER PT J AU Steven, MD Malthus, TJ Baret, F Xu, H Chopping, MJ AF Steven, MD Malthus, TJ Baret, F Xu, H Chopping, MJ TI Intercalibration of vegetation indices from different sensor systems SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation index; sensor systems; spectroradiometric measurements ID SATELLITE SIGNAL; SOLAR SPECTRUM; LANDSAT-5 TM; AVHRR DATA; NDVI; CALIBRATION; OPTIMIZATION; NOAA-9; BANDS AB Spectroradiometric measurements were made over a range of crop canopy densities, soil backgrounds and foliage colour. The reflected spectral radiances were convoluted with the spectral response functions of a range of satellite instruments to simulate their responses. When Normalised Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) from the different instruments were compared, they varied by a few percent, but the values were strongly linearly related, allowing vegetation indices from one instrument to be intercalibrated against another. A table of conversion coefficents is presented for AVHRR, ATSR-2, Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+, SPOT-2 and SPOT-4 HRV, IRS, IKONOS, SEAWIFS, MISR, MODIS, POLDER, Quickbird and MERI S (see Appendix A for glossary of acronyms). The same set of coefficients was found to apply, within the margin of error of the analysis, for the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI. The relationships for SPOT vs. TM and for ATSR-2 vs. AVHRR were directly validated by comparison of atmospherically corrected image data. The results indicate that vegetation indices can be interconverted to a precision of 1-2%. This result offers improved opportunities for monitoring crops through the growing season and the prospects of better continuity of long-term monitoring of vegetation responses to environmental change. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. INRA, Unite Bioclimatol, F-84194 Avignon, France. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steven, MD (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RI Malthus, Tim/G-6629-2011; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011 OI Malthus, Tim/0000-0001-7161-8770; Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997 NR 29 TC 174 Z9 199 U1 7 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 4 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.08.010 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 754TF UT WOS:000187347100005 ER PT J AU Dennison, PE Roberts, DA Thorgusen, SR Regelbrugge, JC Weise, D Lee, C AF Dennison, PE Roberts, DA Thorgusen, SR Regelbrugge, JC Weise, D Lee, C TI Modeling seasonal changes in live fuel moisture and equivalent water thickness using a cumulative water balance index SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE live fuel moisture; equivalent water thickness; cumulative water balance index ID VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LIQUID WATER; AVIRIS DATA; REFLECTANCE; MODIS AB Live fuel moisture, an important determinant of fire danger in Mediterranean ecosystems, exhibits seasonal changes in response to soil water availability. Both drought stress indices based on meteorological data and remote sensing indices based on vegetation water absorption can be used to monitor live fuel moisture. In this study, a cumulative water balance index (CWBI) for a time series spanning 1994-1997 and 1999-2001 was compared to field measured live fuel moisture and to equivalent water thickness (EWT) calculated from remote sensing data. A sigmoidal function was used to model the relationships between CWBI, live fuel moisture, and EWT. Both live fuel moisture and EWT reach minima at large CWBI deficits. Minimum and maximum live fuel moisture, minimum and maximum EWT, and the modeled inflection points of both live fuel moisture and EWT were found to vary with vegetation type. Modeled minimum and maximum EWT were also found to vary with vegetation biomass. Spatial variation in modeled EWT inflection points may be due to vegetation type and to local variation in soil moisture. Based on their temporal and spatial attributes, CWBI and EWT offer complimentary methods for monitoring live fuel moisture for fire danger assessment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geog, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, San Bernardino Natl Forest, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Dennison, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 4 BP 442 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.08.015 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 754TF UT WOS:000187347100007 ER PT J AU Sreekumar, C Graham, DH Dahl, E Lehmann, T Raman, M Bhalerao, DP Vianna, MCB Dubey, JP AF Sreekumar, C Graham, DH Dahl, E Lehmann, T Raman, M Bhalerao, DP Vianna, MCB Dubey, JP TI Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from India SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chicken; Gallus domesticus; India; isolation; genotyping; microsatellite analysis ID RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; SHEEP AB The present study was undertaken to isolate and genotype Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from villages in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu states of central and south India, respectively. Blood, heart, and brain from a total of 741 chickens were examined for T gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii, as assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT > 1:5) were found in 133 (17.9%) chickens. Hearts and brains of 196 chickens were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and/or brains of most of the seronegative (MAT < 1: 5) chickens were fed to 20 T gondii-free cats, while 32 seropositive chickens (MAT 1:5) were fed to 3 cats. T gondii was not isolated from any of the chickens by mouse bioassay. Five of the cats that were fed seronegative chickens shed oocysts, while isolates were not obtained from any of the other cats fed seropositive chickens. These five isolates, along with the two that were previously isolated in India through cat bioassay, were genetically analyzed. Genotyping using the SAG 2 locus indicated that two isolates were type H and five were type III. Microsatellite analysis revealed allelic differences between and within the lineages. This is the first report of genetic characterization of any T gondii isolate from India. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Vet Coll, Dept Parasitol, Namakkal 637001, Tamil Nadu, India. Res Inst, Namakkal 637001, Tamil Nadu, India. Bombay Vet Coll, Dept Med, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India. RP Sreekumar, C (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kumar@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.10.018 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 767XH UT WOS:000188498800002 PM 14729166 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Dickinson, RE Tian, Y Jin, M Ogawa, K Yu, H Schmugge, T AF Zhou, L Dickinson, RE Tian, Y Jin, M Ogawa, K Yu, H Schmugge, T TI A sensitivity study of climate and energy balance simulations with use of satellite-derived emissivity data over Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE emissivity; climate model; MODIS; ASTER ID COMMON LAND MODEL; SURFACE EMISSIVITY; MODIS; ALBEDOS; DESERT; WINDOW AB This paper analyzes the sensitivity of simulated climate and energy balance to changes in soil emissivity over Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula and considers how this information may be used to improve emissivity parameterizations in climate models. Analysis of satellite observations suggests that the soil emissivity in current models is too high over this region. Sensitivity tests based on the recently developed Community Land Model indicate that this bias could produce significant errors in the model simulated ground and air temperature, net and upward longwave radiation, and sensible heat flux. There is a linear relationship between changes in emissivity and changes in these variables. Statistical results show that, on average for the study region, a decrease of soil emissivity by 0.1 will increase ground and air temperature by about 1.1degreesC and 0.8degreesC and decrease net and upward longwave radiation by about 6.6 Wm(-2) and 8.1 Wm(-2), respectively, at the ground surface. The decreased net longwave radiation ( less emission) is mainly balanced by an increase of sensible heat flux of about 5.9 Wm(-2). These relations vary seasonally and diurnally. The temperature increases are slightly higher in winter than in summer and twice as large during nighttime as during daytime, while the sensible heat flux and longwave radiation show more change in summer/daytime than in winter/nighttime. Our experimental results are consistent with our theoretical energy balance analyses. When a more realistic emissivity value is used, the model cold bias over the Sahara in comparison with land surface air temperature observations could be partially reduced. These results indicate that the simple representations of the land surface emissivity in climate models, especially for bare soil, need improvements based on satellite and in situ observations. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lmzhou@eas.gatech.edu RI Ogawa, Kenta/B-7687-2008; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4795 DI 10.1029/2003JD004083 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760ZR UT WOS:000187865600004 ER PT J AU Gao, W Slusser, J Grant, R Heisler, G AF Gao, W Slusser, J Grant, R Heisler, G TI Special issue - UV radiation and its impacts on agriculture and forests - Selected and edited papers from the conference of "Ultraviolet Ground-and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects", San Diego, USA, July 30-August 1, 2001 and solicited from UV research community - Introduction SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.006 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400001 ER PT J AU Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W Slusser, JR AF Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W Slusser, JR TI Ultraviolet radiation and its impacts on agriculture and forests - Foreword SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OZONE; RECOVERY C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Heisler, GM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.007 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400002 ER PT J AU Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W AF Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W TI Individual- and scattered-tree influences on ultraviolet irradiance SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE forests; human health; ozone; plant competition; solar radiation; tree shade ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY-ACTIVE RADIATION; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET; B RADIATION; VITAMIN-D; CLEAR; ECOSYSTEMS; CANOPIES; EXPOSURE; CANCER AB Many of the potential effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-damage to materials, altered herbivory of insects and activity of microbes, modified growth of vegetation, and adverse or beneficial effects on human health-are modified by the presence of trees that influence UVR exposure to various degrees. Though tree effects on total solar irradiance have been investigated often by measurements and modeling, tree influences on UVR, particularly in the ultraviolet B (UVB, 320-280 nm), differ substantially from tree influences on the rest of the solar spectrum, and thus the ratio of UVB to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is altered. Trees greatly reduce both UVB and PAR irradiance in their shade when they obscure both the sun and sky. Beneath dense forest canopies, relative irradiance (I(r) = irradiancebeneath trees/above-canopy irradiance) for both UVB and PAR radiation may be 0.01-0.02. In the shade of a single tree, I(r) on the horizontal in the PAR and total shortwave (SW) was about 0.1, whereas in the UVB and ultraviolet A (UVA, 320-400 nm), I(r) was about 0.4. Conversely, where direct beam radiation came through gaps between crowns in a group of deciduous trees in winter, PAR Ir values averaged 0.95 and UVB I(r) averaged only 0.41. In comparisons of minimum values of I(r) on horizontal and the south-facing vertical surfaces in tree shade for UVB, UVA, SW, and PAR, where UVB Ir on the horizontal ranged from 0.22 to 0.62, depending on solar zenith angle, UVB I(r) on the vertical ranged from 0.05 to 0.27. UVB I(r) consistently exceeded UVA I(r) on both the horizontal and vertical surfaces. PAR and SW Ir differed little between horizontal and vertical surfaces in tree shade. Modeled average I(r) on the horizontal below a regular grid of ellipsoidal tree crowns was given by I(p) = 1 - m - (theta(0.711)/5.05)sin(pim), where m is fraction of area covered by tree crowns and theta is solar zenith angle. The tree influences will vary with pollutants in the boundary layer, which affect scattering of UVR. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Heisler, GM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gheisler@fs.fed.us RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.024 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400011 ER PT J AU Grant, RH Heisler, GM Gao, W Jenks, M AF Grant, RH Heisler, GM Gao, W Jenks, M TI Ultraviolet leaf reflectance of common urban trees and the prediction of reflectance from leaf surface characteristics SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE UV; sorghum; reflectivity; deciduous forest; radiation ID SORGHUM-BICOLOR; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; EPICUTICULAR WAX; ACTIVE RADIATION; SHADE LEAVES; B RADIATION; TRANSMITTANCE; LIGHT; BLOOMLESS; MUTANTS AB The spectral reflectance and transmittance over the wavelength range of 250-700 nm were evaluated for leaves of 20 deciduous tree species and leaf sheaths of five isogenic wax variants of Sorghum bicolor differing in visible reflectance due to cuticular waxes. Using the sorghum sheath reflectance and cuticle surface characteristics as a model, it was concluded that tree leaf reflectance above 0.06 was likely due to the presence of variously-shaped fine epicuticular wax structures on the leaf surface. Increasing the density of sub-micron wax structures corresponded to an enhanced ultraviolet (UV) reflectance over the PAR reflectance of a given leaf surface-either S. bicolor sheath or tree leaf. Amorphous globular epicuticular wax structures did not appear to scatter UV as well as wax filaments or vertical plates in varying patterns even when the dimensions of the structures were similar. Further work is needed to clarify this relationship and the influence of cellular pigments on subsurface contributions to the reflectance. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.025 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400012 ER PT J AU Gao, W Grant, RH Heisler, GM Slusser, JR AF Gao, W Grant, RH Heisler, GM Slusser, JR TI Ultraviolet-B radiation in a row-crop canopy: an extended 1-D model SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE ultraviolet-b; modeling; maize canopy ID UV-B; IRRADIANCE; PLANTS; BANDS AB A decrease in stratospheric ozone may result in a serious threat to plants, since biologically active short-wavelength ultraviolet-B (UV-B 280-320 nm) radiation will increase even with a relatively small decrease in ozone. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the effect of UV-B enhancements on plants includes reduction in grain yield, alteration in species competition, susceptibility to disease, and changes in plant structure and pigmentation. To determine the physiological effects on plants of any increases in UV-B radiation, the irradiances at the potential sensitive plant surface need to be known. A number of radiative transfer models exist but because of the importance of sky diffuse radiation to the global UV-B irradiance, models designed to estimate photosynthetically active radiation or total solar radiation may not accurately model the UV-B. This paper compares spatially and temporally averaged measurements of the UV-B canopy transmittance of a relatively dense maize canopy (sky view: 0.27degrees) to the estimations of two one-dimensional models differing mainly in the handling of sky radiance. The model that considered the distribution of sky radiance tended to underestimate the canopy transmittance, the model that assumed an isotropic sky radiance distribution tended to overestimate the canopy transmittance. However, the assumption concerning the sky radiance distribution accounted for only about 0.01 of the model error. Consequently, the sky radiance distribution is probably not important in modeling such dense crop canopies. The model that overestimated transmittance and had the generally larger errors, a modified Meyers model, used the assumption of uniform leaf angle distribution, whereas in the other model, designated the UVRT model, leaf angle distributions were estimated by sample measurements. Generally this model would be satisfactory in describing the statistically average UV-B irradiance conditions in the canopy. This model may also be applied to other dense plant canopies including forests. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.026 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400013 ER PT J AU Bawhey, CI Grant, RH Gao, W AF Bawhey, CI Grant, RH Gao, W TI Digital measurement of heliotropic leaf response in soybean cultivars and leaf exposure to solar UVB radiation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE soybean; UVB exposure; leaf orientation; radiation partition; digital measurement ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER-STRESS; FIELD; IRRADIANCE; GROWTH; MOVEMENTS; OZONE AB Inconsistencies in reported sensitivities of soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance may in part be due to differences in the radiative environment of the experimental conditions or differences in exposure due to heliotropic response. In order to examine the impact of heliotropic movement on UVB exposure of the soybean upper trifoliate, leaf position was electronically recorded and inclination and azimuthal position of the leaves calculated for three soybean cultivars-Bay, York, and Williams 82-under greenhouse and field conditions. The UVB exposures of the top trifoliate of three soybean cultivars were modeled using anisotropic and isotropic sky radiance distributions. The Williams 82 cv. produced the greatest variation in leaf angle with solar zenith angle of the three cultivars, averaging between 19 and 47degrees, compared with a lower 10-27degrees range for York and Bay cultivars. The incidence angle data for the upper trifoliates of the field plants were not significantly different from the greenhouse plants. For clear sky conditions, overall exposure differences indicated that the Bay cultivar receives more UVB than the York or Williams 82 cultivars, in large part due to the higher variation in heliotropic movement shown by the Bay cultivar in response to the sun location. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bawhey, CI (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.013 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400015 ER PT J AU Qi, YD Bai, SJ Heisler, GM AF Qi, YD Bai, SJ Heisler, GM TI Changes in ultraviolet-B and visible optical properties and absorbing pigment concentrations in pecan leaves during a growing season SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE UV-B/visible radiation; spectral absorptance/reflectance/transmittance; UV-B absorbing compound concentration; chlorophyll leaf thickness; pecan (Carya illinoensis) ID SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; RADIATION; PLANTS; REFLECTANCE; EXPOSURE; PENETRATION; ACCLIMATION; IRRADIATION; SEEDLINGS; TREES AB UV-B (280-320 nm) and visible (400-760 nm) spectral reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance; chlorophyll content; UV-B absorbing compound concentration; and leaf thickness were measured for pecan (Carya illinoensis) leaves over a growing season (April-October). Leaf samples were collected monthly from a pecan plantation located on the Southern University Horticultural Farm, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The leaf spectral reflectance and transmittance were measured from 280 to 760 nm using a high-accuracy UV-Vis spectroradiometer with an integrating sphere. The spectral absorptance was calculated based on the reflectance and transmittance percentages. Total UV-B absorbing compounds concentration (A(280-320) nm (cm(-2))), chlorophyll content, and leaf thickness were related to the leaf optical properties. The patterns of the spectral distributions of optical properties over the growing season, effects of leaf age on the measured parameters, and their relationships were determined. Leaf optical properties were significantly affected by leaf age and the effects were more dramatic in the visible spectral region than in the UV-B region. Within the UV-B spectral region, leaf reflectance ranged between 4.27% (April) and 8.29% (July), transmittance between 0.01% (June) and 0.05% (April), and absorptance between 91.70% (July) and 95.68% (April). Within the visible spectral region, leaf optical properties changed significantly with the wavelength and leaf development. The visible spectral reflectance and transmittance had maxima at 555 nm and minima at 680 nm, and increased sharply afterwards. The highest visible spectral reflectance and transmittance occurred in the newly developed leaves, whereas the visible spectral absorptance increased with leaf maturation. Leaf chlorophyll content, thickness, and UV-B absorbing compound concentration significantly increased during leaf development (April-July). Correlation and regression analyses indicated that leaf chlorophyll content was a strong predictor of the green light reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance. The strongest predictors of UV-B reflectance were leaf thickness and leaf UV-B absorbing compound concentrations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SE Univ, Urban Forestry Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Qi, YD (reprint author), SE Univ, Urban Forestry Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RI 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011; OI Qi, Yadong/0000-0002-7634-6441 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.018 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400019 ER PT J AU Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, JR Heisler, GM AF Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, JR Heisler, GM TI Impact of enhanced ultraviolet-B irradiance on cotton growth, development, yield, and qualities under field conditions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation; cotton; yield; qualities ID UV-B; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; CO2 ENHANCEMENT; OZONE DEPLETION; EARTHS SURFACE; RADIATION; PLANTS; RICE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY AB The stratospheric ozone depletion and enhanced solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiance may have adverse impacts on the productivity of agricultural crops. The effect of UV-B enhancements on agricultural crops includes reduction in yield, alteration in species competition, decrease in photosynthetic activity, susceptibility to disease, and changes in structure and pigmentation. Many studies have examined the influence of supplemental UV-B irradiance on different crops, but the effect of UV-B irradiance on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops has received little attention. Cotton is one of the most versatile of all the crops. It is a major fiber crop of the world and a major source of trade and economy in many countries. In this study, we provide quantitative examination of the effects of elevated UV-B irradiance on cotton plant (Sukang 103). The tested cotton crop was grown under natural and four regimes of supplemental UV-B irradiance in the field. With UV-B irradiance increased 9.5% throughout the growing season, the negative impacts on cotton growth included reductions in height of 14%, in leaf area of 29%, and in total biomass of 34%. Fiber quality was reduced and economic yield dropped 72%; an economic coefficient was reduced 58%. A brief discussion is included on how the impacts on cotton contrast with impacts that have been observed in other studies on other plants, including trees. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Nanjing Inst Meteorol, Dept Environm Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.019 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400020 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Mohammed, AR Gao, W AF Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Mohammed, AR Gao, W TI Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE cotton; growth and development; modeling; ultraviolet-B radiation ID UV-B; FIELD CONDITIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ACTIVE RADIATION; PISUM-SATIVUM; L LEAVES; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The potential impact of an increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation due to human activity on higher plants has been the subject of many studies. Little work has been carried out so far on cotton responses to enhanced UV-B radiation. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the current and projected increases in UV-B levels affect cotton growth and development, and to quantify and develop UV-B radiation functional algorithms that can be used in simulation models. Two experiments were conducted during the summer of 2001 using sunlit plant growth chambers in a wide range of UV-B radiations under optimal growing conditions. Leaves exposed to UV-B radiation developed chlorotic and necrotic patches depending on the intensity and length of exposure. Along with changes in visible morphology, cotton canopy photosynthesis declined with increased UV-B radiation. The decline in canopy photosynthesis was partly due to loss of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B-induced decay of leaf-level photosynthetic efficiency (maximum photosynthesis) and capacity (quantum yield) as the leaves aged. The total leaf area was less due to smaller leaves and fewer leaves per plant. Less plant height was closely related to a shorter average internode length rather than a fewer mainstem nodes. The UV-B did not affect cotton major developmental events such as time taken to square, time to flower, and leaf addition rates on the mainstem. Lower biomass was closely related to both smaller leaf area and lower photosynthesis. The critical limit, defined as 90% of optimum or the control, for stem elongation was lower (8.7 kJ m(-2) per day UV-B) than the critical limit for leaf expansion (11.2 kJ m(-2) per day UV-B), indicating that stem elongation was more sensitive to UV-B than leaf expansion. The critical limits for canopy photosynthesis and total dry weight were 7 and 7.3 kJ m(-2) per day, respectively. The identified UV-B-specific indices for stem and leaf growth and photosynthesis parameters may be incorporated into cotton simulation models such as GOSSYM to predict yields under present and future climatic conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 66 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.029 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400021 ER PT J AU Zheng, YF Gao, W Slusser, JR Grant, RH Wang, CH AF Zheng, YF Gao, W Slusser, JR Grant, RH Wang, CH TI Yield and yield formation of field winter wheat in response to supplemental solar ultraviolet-B radiation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation; winter wheat; yield and yield formation AB The stratospheric ozone decrease has heightened concern over the ecological implications of increasing solar UV-B radiation on agricultural production and natural plant ecosystems. UV-B is absorbed, and can damage many important plant species through a variety of interacting mechanisms. The effects of enhanced UV-B exposure on yield and yield formation of winter wheat associated with photosynthetic activity and total biomass development were investigated in this study. The overall experimental design included three UV-B treatments (two supplemental UV-B treatments and an ambient level) with three replicates of each treatment. Results suggested that the supplemental UV-B can cause the decrease of yield of winter wheat up to 24% with 11.4% increased UV-B. Supplemental UVB decreased dry matter accumulation most during the jointing-booting stage when the leaf area index (LAI) was the greatest. In addition, the supplemental U-VB appeared to effect the distribution of dry matter but did not effect the net assimilation ratio of the wheat. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Nanjing Inst Meteorol, Dept Environm Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 6 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.022 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755LB UT WOS:000187403400023 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA AF Kovalev, VA TI Near-end solution for lidar signals that includes a multiple-scattering component SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; EXTINCTION; AEROSOL; EQUATION; SENSITIVITY; RETURNS; RATIO AB A variant of the near-end solution is presented that allows one to consider a multiple-scattering component in lidar measurements of distant clouds or dense smoke. It is assumed that the lidar signal, contaminated by multiple scattering, obeys a single-scattering lidar equation in which an additional term, which is related to the range-dependent ratio of a multiple-to-single-scattering component, is included. For the inversion, a brink solution is proposed that does not require an a priori selection of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio in the optically dense aerosol formation under investigation. The solution requires either knowledge of the multiple-to-single-scattering ratio (e.g., determined experimentally with a multiangle lidar) or the use of the analytical dependence of the multiple-to-single-scattering ratio on the aerosol optical depth. In the latter case, an iterative technique is used. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USDA, Fire Sci lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Kovalev, VA (reprint author), USDA, Fire Sci lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 36 BP 7215 EP 7224 DI 10.1364/AO.42.007215 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756KB UT WOS:000187463300018 PM 14717301 ER PT J AU Zhang, HH Souza, SC Muliro, KV Kraemer, FB Obin, MS Greenberg, AS AF Zhang, HH Souza, SC Muliro, KV Kraemer, FB Obin, MS Greenberg, AS TI Lipase-selective functional domains of perilipin A differentially regulate constitutive and protein kinase A-stimulated lipolysis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 13-17, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Diabetes Assoc ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RAT ADIPOCYTES; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OBESITY; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; DROPLET AB Perilipin (Peri) A is a lipid droplet-associated phosphoprotein that acts dually as a suppressor of basal ( constitutive) lipolysis and as an enhancer of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-stimulated lipolysis by both hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and non-HSL(s). To identify domains of Peri A that mediate these multiple actions, we introduced adenoviruses expressing truncated or mutated Peri A and HSL into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts lacking endogenous perilipins and HSL but overexpressing acyl-CoA synthetase 1 and fatty acid transporter 1. We identified two lipase-selective functional domains: 1) Peri A (amino acids 1 - 300), which inhibits basal lipolysis and promotes PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL, and 2) Peri A ( amino acids 301 - 517), which inhibits basal lipolysis by non-HSL and promotes PKA-stimulated lipolysis by both HSL and non-HSL. PKA site mutagenesis revealed that PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL requires phosphorylation of one or more sites within Peri 1 - 300 (Ser(81), Ser(222), and Ser(276)). PKA-stimulated lipolysis by non-HSL additionally requires phosphorylation of one or more PKA sites within Peri 301 - 517 (Ser(433), Ser(492), and Ser(517)). Peri 301 - 517 promoted PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL yet did not block HSL-mediated basal lipolysis, indicating that an additional region( s) within Peri 301 - 517 promotes hormone-stimulated lipolysis by HSL. These results suggest a model of Peri A function in which 1) lipase-specific "barrier" domains block basal lipolysis by HSL and non-HSL, 2) differential PKA site phosphorylation allows PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL and non-HSL, respectively, and 3) additional domains within Peri A further facilitate PKA-stimulated lipolysis, again with lipase selectivity. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Rm 603,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK 34928, DK 50647] NR 39 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 51 BP 51535 EP 51542 DI 10.1074/jbc.M309591200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 752ZM UT WOS:000187206300085 PM 14527948 ER PT J AU Roach, JAG Andrzejewski, D Gay, ML Nortrup, D Musser, SM AF Roach, JAG Andrzejewski, D Gay, ML Nortrup, D Musser, SM TI Rugged LC-MS/MS survey analysis for acrylamide in foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acrylamide; exploratory; FDA; food survey; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS; method ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEATED FOODS; CONFIRMATION AB The described liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection of acrylamide in food entails aqueous room temperature extraction, SPE cleanup, and analysis by LC-MS/MS. The method is applicable to a wide variety of foods. [C-13(3)]acrylamide is the internal standard. The limit of quantitation is 10 ppb (mug/kg). Data were obtained in duplicate from >450 products representing >35 different food types. The variability in analyte levels in certain food types suggests that it may be possible to reduce acrylamide levels in those foods. C1 USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Roach, JAG (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 22 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 26 BP 7547 EP 7554 DI 10.1021/jf0346354 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000187278500005 PM 14664505 ER PT J AU Kagan, IA Rimando, AM Dayan, FE AF Kagan, IA Rimando, AM Dayan, FE TI Chromatographic separation and in vitro activity of sorgoleone congeners from the roots of sorghum bicolor SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sorghum; sorgoleone; allelopathy; argentation chromatography; column chromatography; congeners; phytotoxicity; oxygen evolution; roots ID GERMINATION STIMULANT; STRIGA-ASIATICA; RESORCINOLIC LIPIDS; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; WITCHWEED STRIGA; PHYTOTOXICITY; EXUDATE; PLANT; CULTIVARS; SEEDLINGS AB Sorgoleone, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-[(8'Z11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]-p-benzoquinone (1), and its corresponding hydroquinone are the major components of the root exudate of Sorghum bicolor. The name sorgoleone includes minor analogues differing in the length or degree of unsaturation of the 3-alkyl side chain. These compounds are known to be phytotoxic, probably through inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) driven oxygen evolution, as previously demonstrated for 1. Isolation of these sorgoleone congeners was achieved by C-8 column chromatography and argentation thin-layer chromatography, and the purified compounds were structurally characterized. The abilities of the minor sorgoleones to inhibit PSII were similar to that of the major compound, suggesting that all of these sorgoleone congeners contribute to the overall allelopathy of sorghum. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kagan, IA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 26 BP 7589 EP 7595 DI 10.1021/jf034789j PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000187278500012 PM 14664512 ER PT J AU Salah, MA Bedir, E Toyang, NJ Khan, IA Harries, MD Wedge, DE AF Salah, MA Bedir, E Toyang, NJ Khan, IA Harries, MD Wedge, DE TI Antifungal clerodane Diterpenes from Macaranga monandra (L) Muell. et Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fungicide; antifungal activity; natural products; phytopathogenic fungi; microliter assay; bioautography ID SCHWEINFURTHII; BIOAUTOGRAPHY; TANARIUS; LEAVES AB Hexane and ethyl acetate phases of the methanol extract of Macaranga monandra showed fungal growth inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Phomopsis obscurans, and P. viticola. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active clerodane-type diterpenes that were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1D-, 2D-NMR, and MS) as kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid. A 96-well microbioassay revealed that kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid produced moderate growth inhibition in Phomopsis viticola and Botrytis cinerea. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. OI Bedir, Erdal/0000-0003-1262-063X NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 26 BP 7607 EP 7610 DI 10.1021/jf034682w PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000187278500015 PM 14664515 ER PT J AU Korontzi, S Ward, DE Susott, RA Yokelson, RJ Justice, CO Hobbs, PV Smithwick, EAH Hao, WM AF Korontzi, S Ward, DE Susott, RA Yokelson, RJ Justice, CO Hobbs, PV Smithwick, EAH Hao, WM TI Seasonal variation and ecosystem dependence of emission factors for selected trace gases and PM2.5 for southern African savanna fires SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE seasonal fire emissions; savannas; southern Africa; emission factors ID ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; PARTICLES; FIELD; EXTENT AB In this paper we present the first early dry season (early June-early August) emission factor measurements for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particulates with a diameter less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5) for southern African grassland and woodland fires. Seasonal emission factors for grassland fires correlate linearly with the proportion of green grass, used as a surrogate for the fuel moisture content, and are higher for products of incomplete combustion in the early part of the dry season compared with later in the dry season. Models of emission factors for NMHC and PM2.5 versus modified combustion efficiency (MCE) are statistically different in grassland compared with woodland ecosystems. We compare predictions based on the integration of emissions factors from this study, from the Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative 1992 (SAFARI-92), and from SAFARI-2000 with those based on the smaller set of ecosystem-specific emission factors to estimate the effects of using regional-average rather than ecosystem-specific emission factors. We also test the validity of using the SAFARI-92 models for emission factors versus MCE to predict the early dry season emission factors measured in this study. The comparison indicates that the largest discrepancies occur at the low end (0.907) and high end (0.972) of MCE values measured in this study. Finally, we combine our models of MCE versus proportion of green grass for grassland fires with emission factors versus MCE for selected oxygenated volatile organic compounds measured in the SAFARI-2000 campaign to derive the first seasonal emission factors for these compounds. The results of this study demonstrate that seasonal variations in savanna fire emissions are important and should be considered in modeling emissions at regional to continental scales. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53713 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM stef@hermes.geog.umd.edu; pyroward@aol.com; rsusott@fs.fed.us; byok@selway.umt.edu; justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu; phobbs@atmos.washington.edu; easmithwick@facstaff.wisc.edu; whao@fs.fed.us RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4758 DI 10.1029/2003JD003730 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760WM UT WOS:000187858300009 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Blanchard, PE AF Lerch, RN Blanchard, PE TI Watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport in northern Missouri and southern Iowa streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATRAZINE DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SURFACE WATERS; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; REGRESSION-MODELS; METABOLITES; RUNOFF; LOSSES; RESERVOIRS; RIVERS AB Herbicide contamination of streams has been well documented, but little is currently known about the specific factors affecting watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to document herbicide occurrence and transport from watersheds in the northern Missouri/southern Iowa region; (2) to quantify watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport and relate vulnerability to soil properties; and (3) to compute the contribution of this region to the herbicide load of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Grab samples were collected under baseflow and runoff Conditions at 21 hydrologic monitoring stations between April 15 and July 15 from 1996 to 1999. Samples were analyzed for commonly used soil-applied herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and metribuzin) and four triazine metabolites (deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine, and cyanazine amide). Estimates of herbicide load and relative losses were computed for each watershed. Median parent herbicide losses, as a percentage of applied, ranged from 0.33 to 3.9%; loss rates that were considerably higher than other areas of the United States. Watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport, measured as herbicide load per treated area, showed that the runoff potential of soils was a critical factor affecting herbicide transport. Herbicide transport from these watersheds contributed a disproportionately high amount of the herbicide load to both the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Based on these results, this region of the Corn Belt is highly vulnerable to transport of herbicides from fields to streams, and it should be targeted for implementation of management practices designed to reduce herbicide losses in surface runoff. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 24 BP 5518 EP 5527 DI 10.1021/es030431s PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753UB UT WOS:000187248000007 PM 14717159 ER PT J AU Mantovani, HC Russell, JB AF Mantovani, HC Russell, JB TI Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by bovicin HC5, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus bovis HC5 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; bacteriocins; Streptococcus bovis; silage ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; NISIN RESISTANCE; STRAINS; SELECTION; TOLERANCE; SILAGE; RUMEN AB Cattle can be infected with Listeria monocytogenes by consuming contaminated plant materials, soil or silage, and farmers have sought ways of preventing this contamination. Recent work indicated that Streptococcus bovis HC5 produced a bacteriocin (bovicin HC5) that could inhibit a variety of gram-positive bacteria, and we examined the ability of bovicin HC5 to inhibit 10 strains of L. monocytogenes that had been isolated from plant materials, soil, silage and infected cattle. Growth experiments indicated that all of the L. monocytogenes strains were inhibited by 100 activity units (AU) of bovicin HC5 ml(-1). L. monocytogenes cultures that were transferred with sublethal doses (12.5 AU ml(-1)) could be adapted in stepwise fashion to higher doses of bovicin HC5. However, even 'adapted' cultures did not grow if 400 AU ml(-1) was added. The effect of bovicin HC5 on L. monocytogenes was bactericidal, and viability decreased 5 - 7 logs after only 2 h of exposure. Bovicin HC5 caused a nearly complete efflux of intracellular potassium in 15 min but only if the pH was less than 6.0. When the pH was greater than 6.0, the cells maintained their potassium pool. L. monocytogenes cells that were acid-adapted (final pH of 4.6) were as sensitive to bovicin HC5 as those that were not acid-adapted (final pH of 6.3). These results support the idea that bovicin HC5 could be effective in controlling listeria in contaminated silages. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Mantovani, Hilario/J-5287-2012 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00110-7 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 743CW UT WOS:000186555700008 PM 14580975 ER PT J AU Bryant, R Qi, JQ Moran, MS Ni, WM AF Bryant, R Qi, JQ Moran, MS Ni, WM TI Comparison of BRDF models with a fuzzy inference system for correction of bidirectional effects SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE BRDF models; fuzzy inference system; bidirectional effects ID EOS-MODIS; REFLECTANCE; SURFACES; ALBEDO; LAND; RETRIEVAL; CANOPY AB With the advances in computing and imaging technology, the field of precision agriculture is rapidly becoming a practical means for farm management. An important step in the delivery of highly accurate images for farm managers is the within-image correction for viewing geometry effects. Reflected light on an imaging sensor is influenced by properties of view zenith angle, solar zenith angle, and relative azimuth. There are a number of models that describe this effect termed the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) or more generically "viewing geometry effects." In this paper, we compared three BRDF models (Roujean, Shibayama-Wiegand, and Dymond-Qi) with a fuzzy inference system (FIS) for three data sets for correction of geometric effects. One data set consisted of ground data collected at different viewing angles of a cotton crop. Another data set included six aircraft images of a corn plot in a different part of each image. The final data set was an aerial image of a planting density experiment of cotton. All the models performed reasonably well, but the FIS was the most consistent predictor of BRDF for all three data sets. For the ground data set, R-2 statistics for predicting the reflectance based on the trained models ranged from 0.53 to 0.93 for the BRDF models and from 0.94 to 0.97 for the FIS. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Bryant, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00072-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 751QN UT WOS:000187078600001 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB Maiersperger, TK Yang, ZQ Gower, ST Turner, DP Ritts, WD Berterretche, M Running, SW AF Cohen, WB Maiersperger, TK Yang, ZQ Gower, ST Turner, DP Ritts, WD Berterretche, M Running, SW TI Comparisons of land cover and LAI estimates derived from ETM plus and MODIS for four sites in North America: a quality assessment of 2000/2001 provisional MODIS products SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land cover; leaf area index; ETM; MODIS; BigFoot; IGBP; validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; TM TASSELED CAP; VEGETATION INDEXES; SPECTRAL RESPONSE; REFLECTANCE; CANOPY; TRANSFORMATION; REGRESSION; VALIDATION AB The MODIS land science team produces a number of standard products, including land cover and leaf area index (LAI). Critical to the success of MODIS and other sensor products is an independent evaluation of product quality. In that context, we describe a study using field data and Landsat ETM+ to map land cover and LAI at four 49-km(2) sites in North America containing agricultural cropland (AGRO), prairie grassland (KONZ), boreal needleleaf forest, and temperate mixed forest. The purpose was to: (1) develop accurate maps of land cover, based on the MODIS IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) land cover classification scheme; (2) derive continuous surfaces of LAI that capture the mean and variability of the LAI field measurements; and (3) conduct initial MODIS validation exercises to assess the quality of early (i.e., provisional) MODIS products. ETM+ land cover maps varied in overall accuracy from 81% to 95%. The boreal forest was the most spatially complex, had the greatest number of classes, and the lowest accuracy. The intensive agricultural cropland had the simplest spatial structure, the least number of classes, and the highest overall accuracy. At each site, mapped LAI patterns generally followed patterns of land cover across the site. Predicted versus observed LAI indicated a high degree of correspondence between field-based measures and ETM+ predictions of LAI. Direct comparisons of ETM+ land cover maps with Collection 3 MODIS cover maps revealed several important distinctions and similarities. One obvious difference was associated with image/map resolution. ETM+ captured much of the spatial complexity of land cover at the sites. In contrast, the relatively coarse resolution of MODIS did not allow for that level of spatial detail. Over the extent of all sites, the greatest difference was an overprediction by MODIS of evergreen needleleaf forest cover at the boreal forest site, which consisted largely of open shrubland, woody savanna, and savanna. At the agricultural, temperate mixed forest, and prairie grassland sites, ETM+ and MODIS cover estimates were similar. Collection 3 MODIS-based LAI estimates were considerably higher (up to 4 m(2) m(-2)) than those based on ETM+ LAI at each site. There are numerous probable reasons for this, the most important being the algorithms' sensitivity to MODIS reflectance calibration, its use of a prelaunch AVHRR-based land cover map, and its apparent reliance on mainly red and near-IR reflectance. Samples of Collection 4 LAI products were examined and found to consist of significantly improved LAI predictions for KONZ, and to some extent for AGRO, but not for the other two sites. In this study, we demonstrate that MODIS reflectance data are highly correlated with LAI across three study sites, with relationships increasing in strength from 500 to 1000 in spatial resolution, when shortwave-infrared bands are included. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 47 TC 163 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 3 BP 233 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.006 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 751QN UT WOS:000187078600002 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Gower, ST Zhao, MS Running, SW Wofsy, SC Urbanski, S Dunn, AL Munger, JW AF Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Gower, ST Zhao, MS Running, SW Wofsy, SC Urbanski, S Dunn, AL Munger, JW TI Scaling Gross Primary Production (GPP) over boreal and deciduous forest landscapes in support of MODIS GPP product validation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; validation; gross primary production; light use efficiency; eddy covariance; Biome-BGC; FPAR; boreal forest; deciduous forest ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MIDLATITUDE FOREST; CARBON EXCHANGE; PROCESS MODEL; BLACK SPRUCE; LONG-TERM AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Radiometer (MODIS) is the primary instrument in the NASA Earth Observing System for monitoring the seasonality of global terrestrial vegetation. Estimates of 8-day mean daily gross primary production (GPP) at the I km spatial resolution are now operationally produced by the MODIS Land Science Team for the global terrestrial surface using a production efficiency approach. In this study, the 2001 MODIS GPP product was compared with scaled GPP estimates (25 km(2)) based on ground measurements at two forested sites. The ground-based GPP scaling approach relied on a carbon cycle process model run in a spatially distributed mode. Land cover classification and maximum annual leaf area index, as derived from Landsat ETM+ imagery, were used in model initiation. The model was driven by daily meteorological observations from an eddy covariance flux tower situated at the center of each site. Model simulated GPPs were corroborated with daily GPP estimates from the flux tower. At the hardwood forest site, the MODIS GPP phenology started earlier than was indicated by the scaled GPP, and the summertime GPP from MODIS was generally lower than the scaled GPP values. The fall-off in production at the end of the growing season was similar to the validation data. At the boreal forest site, the GPP phenologics generally agreed because both responded to the strong signal associated with minimum temperature. The midsummer MODIS GPP there was generally higher than the ground-based GPP. The differences between the MODIS GPP products and the ground-based GPPs were driven by differences in the timing of FPAR and the magnitude of light use efficiency as well as by differences in other inputs to the MODIS GPP algorithm-daily incident PAR, minimum temperature, and vapor pressure deficit. Ground-based scaling of GPP has the potential to improve the parameterization of light use efficiency in satellite-based GPP monitoring algorithms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 64 TC 180 Z9 191 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 3 BP 256 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.005 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 751QN UT WOS:000187078600003 ER PT J AU Ferguson, SA Collins, RL Ruthford, J Fukuda, M AF Ferguson, SA Collins, RL Ruthford, J Fukuda, M TI Vertical distribution of nighttime smoke following a wildland biomass fire in boreal Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biomass fire; smoke particles ID AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; BURNING SMOKE; SCAR-B; PARTICULATE MATTER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TRACE GASES; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; PARTICLES; RADIATION AB A comprehensive evaluation of the vertical structure of a smoldering smoke plume was afforded by a unique combination of tethersonde measurements (from ground level to about 400 m above ground level (AGL) or 274-674 m above sea level (ASL)), lidar sounding (from about 1.5 to 5 km ASL), and a video recording during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn in July 1999. Tethersonde and lidar measurements were made at local midnight. The video camera operated continuously for 1 week. Estimates of mass concentration were derived from the light-scattering measurements. Every night, upper level smoke concentrations were estimated to be about 1000 times lower than near-surface concentrations. The tethersonde instrument indicated maximum mass concentrations on the night following the most active burning (10-11 July), with the smoke trapped below an inversion at 115 m AGL. The lidar measurements indicated that maximum mass concentrations aloft (similar to2000 m AGL) occurred on the next night (11-12 July), when the inversion was weaker, and estimated mass concentrations in the first few hundred meters ASL were smaller. The opportunistic combination of instruments offers the first available quantitative information on vertical plume structure in smoldering biomass smoke and holds promise for more a rigorous understanding of smoldering smoke as it significantly impacts visibility and human health. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Ctr, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Elect Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. RP Ferguson, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Ctr, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM sferguson@fs.fed.us; rlc@gi.alaska.edu; julia.rutherford@noaa.gov; mfukuda@pop.lowtem.hokudai.ac NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 4743 DI 10.1029/2002JD003324 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756QL UT WOS:000187492400003 ER PT J AU Chai, XS Zhu, JY AF Chai, XS Zhu, JY TI Indirect headspace gas chromatographic method for vapor-liquid phase equilibrium study (vol 799, pg 207, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Correction DE headspace analysis; vapor-liquid phase equilibrium; partition coefficients; thermodynamic parameters C1 Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 1020 IS 2 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.041 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 743DN UT WOS:000186557300013 ER PT J AU Ott, SL Johnson, R Wells, SJ AF Ott, SL Johnson, R Wells, SJ TI Association between bovine-leukosis virus seroprevalence and herd-level productivity on US dairy farms SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bovine-leukosis virus; dairy cows; disease cost; economics; NAHMS ID LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT PRACTICES; INFECTION; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; ONTARIO; OUTPUT; COWS AB Bovine-leukosis virus (BLV; also termed 'bovine-leukemia virus') is a retrovirus that primarily affects lymphoid tissue of dairy and beef cattle. Our objective was to investigate the association between BLV infection and annual value of production (AVP) on dairy herds within the United States, as part of the USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System's 1996 dairy study. 1006 herds (in 20 states) with at least 30 dairy cows were interviewed during 1996. The agar-get immunodiffusion test was used to detect serum antibodies to BLV. 10-40 cows from each herd were tested and each tested cow was classified as negative or positive based on results of a single test. A multivariable regression model was used with the 976 herds with complete data for analysis. When compared to herds with no test-positive cows, herds with test-positive cows produced 218 kg per cow (i.e. 3%) less milk. The average reduction in AVP was $ 59 per cow for test-positive herds relative to test-negative herds. For the dairy industry as a whole, BLV seropositivity was associated with loss to producers of $ 285 million and $ 240 million for consumers. Most of this $ 525 million industry loss was due to reduced milk production in test-positive herds. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ott, SL (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E5, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 39 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 61 IS 4 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.08.003 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 747PV UT WOS:000186814100002 PM 14623410 ER PT J AU Villarino, MA Garcia, O Fussell, W Preston, K Wagner, GG AF Villarino, MA Garcia, O Fussell, W Preston, K Wagner, GG TI An initial survey of the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) in Nicaragua SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Dermatobia hominis; Torsalo; Nicaragua; survey design ID SCREWWORM ERADICATION; AMERICA AB After the civil war and the Hurricane-Mitch disaster, cattlemen in Nicaragua were forced to transport their cattle from lowland areas to higher, dryer areas of the country. These areas are natural ecological niches for the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) (Diptera: Cuterebridae). To determine the importance of this infestation, the Agricultural and Livestock-Forestry Ministry selected a central area of Nicaragua to run a pioneer survey program to acquire information about hosts involved, number of cases, treatments applied and general knowledge of 42 farmers about the life cycle of the parasite. The subjects were either farm owners or farm managers. Ninety-five percentage of the farms indicated cases of D. hominis infestation in their animals, with cattle being the most affected host (100% of the affected farms). There was poor understanding of the D. hominis life cycle, vectors and control methods. A misuse of insecticides for the treatment of larval infestation by D. hominis was indicated. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, USDA ARS, Edinburg, TX USA. MAG FOR, Agr & Livestock Forestry Minist, Managua, Nicaragua. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Villarino, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, 602 Sorita Circle, Heath, TX 75032 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 61 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.08.006 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 747PV UT WOS:000186814100007 PM 14623415 ER PT J AU Moraes, MP Chinsangaram, J Brum, MCS Grubman, MJ AF Moraes, MP Chinsangaram, J Brum, MCS Grubman, MJ TI Immediate protection of swine from foot-and-mouth disease: a combination of adenoviruses expressing interferon alpha and a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease; adenovirus; interferon ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CAPSID PROTEINS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HEPATITIS-B; INFECTION; CATTLE; DNA; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGE; CANDIDATE AB We have previously shown that swine inoculated with recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 containing the porcine interferon alpha gene (Ad5-pIFNalpha) are completely protected when challenged 1 day later with virulent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In the current study, we examined the duration of protection afforded swine by Ad5-pIFNalpha and the ability of a combination of Ad5-pIFNalpha and a FMDV subunit vaccine delivered by Ad5-A24 (an Ad5 vector containing the capsid coding region of FMDV serotype A24 Cruzeiro and the 3C proteinase coding region of FMDV serotype A12) to induce immediate as well as long-lasting protection against homologous FMDV challenge. Groups of swine were inoculated with Ad5-pIFNalpha and challenged with virulent FMDV A24 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (dpi) or 1 day preinoculation. All animals challenged 1 and 3 dpi were completely protected from disease. The animals in the remaining groups had either no clinical signs of disease or clinical signs were delayed and less severe compared to the control group. Swine inoculated with a combination of Ad5-pIFNalpha and Ad5-A24 and challenged 5 dpi were all completely protected from disease and developed a significant FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 45 TC 77 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 268 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00560-7 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 754WL UT WOS:000187355600015 PM 14615155 ER PT J AU Ferguson, LR Lim, IF Pearson, AE Ralph, J Harris, PJ AF Ferguson, LR Lim, IF Pearson, AE Ralph, J Harris, PJ TI Bacterial antimutagenesis by hydroxycinnamic acids from plant cell walls SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 5-5-dehydrodiferulic acid; antimutagen; curcumin; dietary fibre; ferulic acid; hydroxycinnamic acid; p-coumaric acid; Salmonella ID BOUND FERULIC ACID; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; DIETARY FIBER; ANTIOXIDANT; IDENTIFICATION; DEHYDRODIMERS; INHIBITION; CURCUMIN; CANCER; LIGNIN AB We have determined the abilities of (E)-ferulic acid, (E)-p-coumaric acid and (E,E)-5-5-dehydrodiferulic acid to protect against different types of mutation in a simple bacterial model. These antimutagenic properties were compared with those of the related compound curcumin, and also with those of an extract containing hydroxycinnamic acids obtained by the saponification of the cell walls of wheat coleoptiles. Three known mutagens, bleomycin, hydrogen peroxide and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) were used to chemically induce reversion mutation, while the known antimutagen Trolox was used as a positive control. Both the pure hydroxycinnamie acids and the extract from the cell walls showed antimutagenic properties. It is known that hydroxycinnamic acids ester-linked to plant cell walls can be released in the human colon by the action of microbial esterases. Providing the current data extrapolate to mammalian cells, they suggest that antimutagenic properties of hydroxycinnamic acids released from plant cell walls could play a role in dietary fibre protection against cancer. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Discipline Nutr, Auckland 1000, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland, New Zealand. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Discipline Nutr, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1000, New Zealand. EM l.ferguson@auckland.ac.nz RI Ferguson, Lynnette/F-5989-2011; Harris, Philip/P-9317-2016 OI Harris, Philip/0000-0003-1807-8079 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 EI 1879-3592 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD DEC 9 PY 2003 VL 542 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.08.005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 754NK UT WOS:000187323100006 PM 14644353 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Lutgens, E Smith, DE Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Troen, AM Lutgens, E Smith, DE Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI The atherogenic effect of excess methionine intake SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID E-DEFICIENT MICE; E-KNOCKOUT MICE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; RISK-FACTOR; FOLIC-ACID; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB Methionine is the precursor of homocysteine, a sulfur amino acid intermediate in the methylation and transsulfuration pathways. Elevated plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is associated with occlusive vascular disease. Whether homocysteine per se or a coincident metabolic abnormality causes vascular disease is still an open question. Animals with genetic hyperhomocysteinemia have so far not displayed atheromatous lesions. However, when methionine-rich diets are used to induce hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular pathology is often observed. Such studies have not distinguished the effects of excess dietary methionine from those of hype rhomocysteinemia. We fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with experimental diets designed to achieve three conditions: (i) high methionine intake with normal blood homocysteine; (ii) high methionine intake with B vitamin deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia; and (iii) normal methionine intake with B vitamin deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. Mice fed methionine-rich diets had significant atheromatous pathology in the aortic arch even with normal plasma homocysteine levels, whereas mice fed B vita m in-deficient diets developed severe hyperhomocysteinemia without any increase in vascular pathology. Our findings suggest that moderate increases in methionine intake are atherogenic in susceptible mice. Although homocysteine may contribute to the effect of methionine, high plasma homocysteine was not independently atherogenic in this model. Some product of excess methionine metabolism rather than high plasma homocysteine per se may underlie the association of homocysteine with vascular disease. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maastricht, Cardiovasc Res Inst Maastricht, Dept Pathol, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Lutgens, Esther/E-2919-2010 OI Lutgens, Esther/0000-0002-2609-5744 NR 67 TC 96 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 25 BP 15089 EP 15094 DI 10.1073/pnas.2436385100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 753JA UT WOS:000187227200087 PM 14657334 ER PT J AU Sharma, RP He, QR Johnson, VJ Voss, KA AF Sharma, RP He, QR Johnson, VJ Voss, KA TI Increased expression of CD95-ligand and other apoptotic signaling factors by fumonisin B-1, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin, in livers of mice lacking tumor necrosis factor alpha SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE tumor necrosis factor alpha; CD95; CD95L; TNF-knockout; apoptosis; fumonisin ID MOUSE-LIVER; FACTOR RECEPTOR; DEFICIENT MICE; CD95 APO-1/FAS; FAS LIGAND; TNF-ALPHA; T-CELLS; GENES; EXPOSURE; CANCER AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1), a mycotoxin, is a potent inhibitor of ceramide synthase, and produces organ-, species-, and even gender-specific toxic responses in animals. The hepatotoxic response of FB1 in mice involves accumulation of free sphingoid bases and induction of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). The FB1-induced hepatotoxic responses were reduced in mice lacking TNFalpha receptor (TNFR) 1 or TNFR2. However, the hepatotoxicity was exacerbated in mice lacking TNFalpha. We therefore investigated the modulation of various other apoptotic signaling factors in TNFalpha-knockout (TKO) mice compared to wild-type (WT) strain after repeated daily subcutaneous injections of 2.25 mg/kg FB1 treatment for 5 days. Expression of various signaling genes in liver was evaluated by ribonuclease protection assay. Expression of CD95-ligand (FasL) was more than doubled in TKO animals after FB1 whereas it was unaltered in the WT group. FB1 did not alter CD95 expression in either strain; however, expressions of TRAIL, and downstream signaling factors FADD, TRADD, and caspase 8 were higher in FB1-treated TKO mice than in the corresponding WT animals. The TKO strain had a higher constitutive expression of apoptotic factors except CD95L. In addition to the CD95 and TNFalpha systems, the expression of apoptotic molecules bcl-2, b-myc, c-myc, bax, max, mad and IL1alpha was induced by FB1 in TKO mice to a greater extent than in WT animals; many of these factors also had a higher constitutive expression in TKO animals than WT mice. Results indicated that FB1 can induce CD95 modulated signaling when TNFalpha is absent. Differential constitutive expression of apoptotic genes in TKO mice may explain their increased sensitivity to FB1. These results are important in characterizing the modulating effect of TNFalpha on apoptotic signaling and in explaining the unexpected sensitivity of mice lacking this cytokine in response to hepatotoxic xenobiotics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09403] NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD DEC 7 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2003.08.009 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 745EF UT WOS:000186675800007 PM 14596819 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Wood, EF Pan, M AF Crow, WT Wood, EF Pan, M TI Multiobjective calibration of land surface model evapotranspiration predictions using streamflow observations and spaceborne surface radiometric temperature retrievals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE land surface modeling; multiobjective calibration; remote sensing ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; RIVER-BASIN; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; ESTIMATING SOIL; WATER; SATELLITE; BALANCE; SCHEME AB [1] Physically based models of surface water and energy balance processes typically require a large number of soil and vegetation parameters as inputs. Accurate specification of these parameters is often difficult without resorting to calibration of model predictions against independent observations. Along with streamflow observations from gauging stations, spaceborne surface radiometric temperature retrievals offer the only independent observation of land surface model output commonly available at regional spatial scales (i.e., > 50(2) km(2)). This analysis examines the potential benefits of incorporating spaceborne radiometric surface temperature retrievals and streamflow observations in a multiobjective calibration framework to accurately constrain regional-scale model evapotranspiration predictions. Results for the VIC ( Variable Infiltration Capacity) model over the Southern Great Plains of the United States suggest that multiobjective model calibration against radiometric skin temperatures and steamflow observations can reduce error in model monthly evapotranspiration predictions by up to 20% relative to single-objective model calibration against streamflow alone. C1 ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn & Water Resources Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Room 104,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Pan, Ming/B-6841-2011 OI Pan, Ming/0000-0003-3350-8719 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 4725 DI 10.1029/2002JD003293 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MM UT WOS:000187483600002 ER PT J AU Mullaney, EJ Ullah, AHJ AF Mullaney, EJ Ullah, AHJ TI The term phytase comprises several different classes of enzymes SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PURPLE ACID-PHOSPHATASE; ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE; ACTIVE-SITE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; THERMOSTABLE PHYTASE; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ullah, AHJ (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 31 TC 128 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 312 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.176 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 749KR UT WOS:000186919500031 PM 14630039 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC Shelton, MG Zeide, B AF Bragg, DC Shelton, MG Zeide, B TI Impacts and management implications of ice storms on forests in the southern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE catastrophic natural disturbance; forest recovery; glaze; salvage; stand rehabilitation ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; HARDWOOD FOREST; SNOW DAMAGE; GROWTH; TREES; ACCUMULATION; RECOVERY; RISK; DISTURBANCE AB This review explores the ecological and silvicultural impacts of ice storms on forests in the southern United States. Different environmental factors like weather conditions, topography, vegetation, stand density, and management practices influence the degree of glaze damage a particular forest may experience. Additionally, the frequent contradictions in the relationships between these factors and the resulting damage suggests a complexity that makes each ice storm unique and difficult to predict. We recommend a series of silvicultural responses to ice storms, including density management, planting species selection, post-event evaluation, salvage, stand rehabilitation, and long-term monitoring of forest health. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 UAM, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Univ Arkansas Monticello, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Univ Arkansas Monticello, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), UAM, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us; zeide@uamont.edu NR 197 TC 54 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 186 IS 1-3 BP 99 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00230-5 PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748NN UT WOS:000186868100009 ER PT J AU Asaro, C Loeb, SC Hanula, JL AF Asaro, C Loeb, SC Hanula, JL TI Cone consumption by southeastern fox squirrels: a potential basis for clonal preferences in a loblolly and slash pine seed orchard SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sciurus niger; Pinus taeda; Pinus elliotii; seed quality; physical defense; chemical defense; terpenes; sesquiterpenes ID SELECTIVE HERBIVORY; PONDEROSA PINES; ABERT SQUIRRELS; SCIURUS-NIGER; TAMIASCIURUS; RESPONSES; TREES AB Southeastern fox squirrels were observed feeding preferentially on seeds of certain clones of loblolly pine in a central Georgia seed orchard in the early 1990s and, similarly, on slash pine seed in an orchard in central Florida in the late 1990s. In each orchard, the degree of feeding preference and avoidance among selected clones was documented and quantified. We tested three hypotheses to explain this phenomenon: (1) seeds of preferred clones have greater nutritional quality or energy content; (2) cone armature differed between preferred and avoided clones; or (3) preferred clones have lower quantities of deterrent compounds present in cone tissue. Hypothesis I was tested using cones collected from three preferred and two avoided clones within a loblolly pine seed orchard. We found no consistent differences in total number of seeds per cone, viable seeds per cone, seed weight per cone, average weight per seed, energy content per seed, and energy content per cone between preferred and avoided cones. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were tested using cones collected from four preferred and four avoided clones within a slash pine seed orchard. We found a strong positive association between spine length and cone avoidance. Avoided cones had significantly higher concentrations of myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, beta-phellandrene, beta-caryophyliene, and alpha-humulene but lower concentrations of a-pinene. These physical and chemical cone defenses may increase handling time or reduce seed palatability and therefore act as significant deterrents to seed predation by fox squirrels when preferred feeding options are readily available, such as in a seed orchard. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Asaro, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 186 IS 1-3 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00257-3 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748NN UT WOS:000186868100016 ER PT J AU Clinton, BD AF Clinton, BD TI Light, temperature, and soil moisture responses to elevation, evergreen understory, and small, canopy gaps in the southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy gaps; microclimate; forests; rhododendron; understory ID RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM; CATASTROPHIC WINDTHROW; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; OAK FORESTS; PATTERNS; DISTURBANCE; TREEFALL; REGENERATION; SUCCESSION; HARDWOODS AB Small canopy openings often alter understory microclimate, leading to changes in forest structure and composition. It is generally accepted that physical changes in the understory (i.e., microclimatic) due to canopy removal drive changes in basic forest processes, particularly seedling recruitment which is intrinsically linked to soil moisture availability, light and, to a lesser extent, temperature. We examined the impact of small canopy gaps of the type (snags) and size (similar to300 m(2)) most frequently observed in the southern Appalachians on the understory microclimate. We created artificial canopy gaps at two elevations (a.m.s.l.) by girdling trees in areas with and without a Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) understory. Soil and air temperature (degreesC), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; mumol m(-2) s(-1)), and volumetric soil water content (%WC) in the upper 15 cm of soil were measured along transects generally running north to south through each gap. Overall, PAR was substantially less in rhododendron gaps than in non-rhododendron gaps. We found a slight increase in PAR in non-rhododendron gaps during spring and summer compared to controls. Very little seasonal variation in PAR was observed in rhododendron gaps compared with non-rhododendron gaps. In general, %WC in rhododendron gaps was lower than in non-rhododendron gaps and less variable. We also found a gap response in incident PAR during the spring and summer seasons. There was no significant effect of gap creation on %WC, nor were there site (elevation) differences or effects due to the presence of rhododendron. Further, there was no significant gap effect on mean, maximum, or minimum soil and air temperature; however, there were significant effects from the presence of rhododendron and between sites for PAR and soil and air temperature during certain seasons of the year. Although there is some certainty about measurable responses in key microclimatic variables in rhododendron and non-rhododendron gaps found in this study, we could not be certain if responses represent a significant enough departure from values in undisturbed conditions to elicit a tree recruitment response. Our results indicate that for openings of the size examined here, topography and evergreen understory are the primary determinants of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in understory microclimate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. RP Clinton, BD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. NR 43 TC 50 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 186 IS 1-3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00277-9 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748NN UT WOS:000186868100021 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Gartner, BL Maguire, D Kanaskie, A AF Johnson, GR Gartner, BL Maguire, D Kanaskie, A TI Influence of Bravo fungicide applications on wood density and moisture content of Swiss needle cast affected Douglas-fir trees SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wood density; growth rate; Swiss needle cast; xylem embolism; chlorothalonil ID PHAEOCRYPTOPUS-GAEUMANNII; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; LATEWOOD; SAPWOOD; PERMEABILITY; PLANTATIONS; CONIFERS; EMBOLISM; IMPACT; SPRUCE AB Wood density, moisture content, Lracheid width and cell wall size were examined in trees from plots that were sprayed for 5 years with chlorothalonil (Bravo(R)) fungicide to reduce the impact of Swiss needle cast (SNC) and from trees in adjacent unsprayed plots. The unsprayed (more heavily diseased) trees had significantly narrower sapwood, narrower growth rings, lower sapwood moisture content, and narrower tracheid cell wall thickness than did the sprayed (less heavily diseased) trees. Moreover, unsprayed trees had altered earlywood density-earlywood width relationships, higher latewood proportion, and higher overall wood density than the sprayed trees. We hypothesize: (1) that the decreased moisture content of diseased trees results from their poor carbon economy resulting in insufficient energy (photosynthate) to reverse sapwood embolisms, and (2) SNC decreases wood density relative to growth rate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 186 IS 1-3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00305-0 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748NN UT WOS:000186868100029 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Matuana, LM AF Stark, NM Matuana, LM TI Ultraviolet weathering of photostabilized wood-flour-filled high-density polyethylene composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyethylene (PE); mechanical properties; degradation; composites ID AMINE LIGHT STABILIZERS; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES AB Wood-plastic composites are being increasingly examined for nonstructural or semistructural building applications. As outdoor applications become more widespread, durability becomes an issue. Ultraviolet exposure can lead to photodegraclation, which results in a change in appearance and/or mechanical properties. Photodegradation can be slowed through the addition of photostabilizers. In this study, we examined the performance of wood flour/high-density polyethylene composites after accelerated weathering. Two 2(4) factorial experimental designs were used to determine the effects of two hindered amine light stabilizers, an ultraviolet absorber, a colorant, and their interactions on the photostabilization of high-density polyethylene blends and wood flour/high-density polyethylene composites. Color change and flexural properties were determined after 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 h of accelerated weathering. The results indicate that both the colorant and ultraviolet absorber were more effective photostabilizers for wood flour/high-density polyethylene composites than the hindered amine tight stabilizers. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*. C1 USDA ARS, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 22 TC 82 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 10 BP 2609 EP 2617 DI 10.1002/app.12886 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 729RD UT WOS:000185787000003 ER PT J AU Yamagami, T Tsuchisaka, A Yamada, K Haddon, WF Harden, LA Theologis, A AF Yamagami, T Tsuchisaka, A Yamada, K Haddon, WF Harden, LA Theologis, A TI Biochemical diversity among the 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isozymes encoded by the Arabidopsis gene family SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASE; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KEY ENZYME; ACC SYNTHASE; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; TERMINAL REGION; TOMATO FRUITS AB 1-Amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) is the key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. The completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence revealed the presence of twelve putative ACS genes, ACS1-12, dispersed among five chromosomes. ACS1-5 have been previously characterized. However, ACS1 is enzymatically inactive whereas ACS3 is a pseudogene. Complementation analysis with the Escherichia coli aminotransferase mutant DL39 shows that ACS10 and 12 encode aminotransferases. The remaining eight genes are authentic ACS genes and together with ACS1 constitute the Arabidopsis ACS gene family. All genes, except ACS3, are transcriptionally active and differentially expressed during Arabidopsis growth and development. IAA induces all ACS genes, except ACS7 and ACS9; CHX enhances the expression of all functional ACS genes. The ACS genes were expressed in E. coli, purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography, and biochemically characterized. The quality of the recombinant proteins was verified by N-terminal amino acid sequence and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The analysis shows that all ACS isozymes function as dimers and have an optimum pH, ranging between 7.3 and 8.2. Their K(m) values for AdoMet range from 8.3 to 45 muM, whereas their k(cat) values vary from 0.19 to 4.82 s(-1) per monomer. Their K(i) values for AVG and sinefungin vary from 0.019 to 0.80 muM and 0.15 to 12 muM, respectively. The results indicate that the Arabidopsis ACS isozymes are biochemically distinct. It is proposed that biochemically diverse ACS isozymes function in unique cellular environments for the biosynthesis of C(2)H(4), permitting the signaling molecule to exert its unique effects in a tissue- or cell-specific fashion. C1 USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Theologis, A (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM theo@nature.berkeley.edu NR 79 TC 163 Z9 185 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 49 BP 49102 EP 49112 DI 10.1074/jbc.M308297200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 747WL UT WOS:000186829000073 PM 12968022 ER PT J AU Quinn, VS Hews, DK AF Quinn, VS Hews, DK TI Positive relationship between abdominal coloration and dermal melanin density in phrynosomatid lizards SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SCELOPORUS-UNDULATUS-ERYTHROCHEILUS; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; FENCE LIZARD; TESTOSTERONE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; FITNESS; LOST AB Phrynosomatid lizards show considerable variation among species in the occurrence of a secondary sexual trait, blue abdominal coloration. The production of blue skin may be controlled by at least two cellular components, melanin in melanophores, and guanine in iridophores. To examine the hypothesis that a mechanism producing variation in abdominal coloration is variation in the presence of melanin in the melanophores within the dermal layer of skin, we used light microscopy to compare melanin density of five species of phrynosomatid lizards with ancestral and derived abdominal coloration. Our results show that the skin of adults with blue abdominal coloration has more dermal melanin than white skin regardless of species or sex. We experimentally tested this relationship by examining the dermal melanin in skin from female Sceloparus undulatus consobrinus with exogenously elevated levels of testosterone or 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. These females displayed malelike abdominal coloration and malelike melanin density. Our results suggest that melanin density plays a role in the presence of blue abdominal coloration in these phrynosomatid lizards. C1 Indiana State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Quinn, VS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM vquinn@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 4 PY 2003 IS 4 BP 858 EP 864 DI 10.1643/h202-116.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 751LR UT WOS:000187069000020 ER PT J AU Christian, TJ Kleiss, B Yokelson, RJ Holzinger, R Crutzen, PJ Hao, WM Saharjo, BH Ward, DE AF Christian, TJ Kleiss, B Yokelson, RJ Holzinger, R Crutzen, PJ Hao, WM Saharjo, BH Ward, DE TI Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 1. Emissions from Indonesian, African, and other fuels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; oxygenated organic compounds; Indonesian fires ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; SAVANNA FIRES; SMOKE; CO; COMBUSTION; KALIMANTAN; PARTICLES AB Trace gas and particle emissions were measured from 47 laboratory fires burning 16 regionally to globally significant fuel types. Instrumentation included the following: open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry; filter sampling with subsequent analysis of particles with diameter < 2.5 mu m for organic and elemental carbon and other elements; and canister sampling with subsequent analysis by gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detector, GC/electron capture detector, and GC/mass spectrometry. The emissions of 26 compounds are reported by fuel type. The results include the first detailed measurements of the emissions from Indonesian fuels. Carbon dioxide, CO, CH4, NH3, HCN, methanol, and acetic acid were the seven most abundant emissions ( in order) from burning Indonesian peat. Acetol ( hydroxyacetone) was a major, previously unobserved emission from burning rice straw (21-34 g/kg). The emission factors for our simulated African fires are consistent with field data for African fires for compounds measured in both the laboratory and the field. However, the higher concentrations and more extensive instrumentation in this work allowed quantification of at least 10 species not previously quantified for African field fires ( in order of abundance): acetaldehyde, phenol, acetol, glycolaldehyde, methylvinylether, furan, acetone, acetonitrile, propenenitrile, and propanenitrile. Most of these new compounds are oxygenated organic compounds, which further reinforces the importance of these reactive compounds as initial emissions from global biomass burning. A few high-combustion-efficiency fires emitted very high levels of elemental ( black) carbon, suggesting that biomass burning may produce more elemental carbon than previously estimated. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Bogor Agr Univ, Fac Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia. RP Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM ted.christian@umontana.edu; kleiss@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; byok@selway.umt.edu; holzing@nature.berkeley.edu; air@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; whao@fs.fed.us; saharjo@indo.net.id; pyroward@aol.com RI Holzinger, Rupert/C-9160-2009; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; NR 57 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 15 U2 74 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 4719 DI 10.1029/2003JD003704 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MK UT WOS:000187483200002 ER PT J AU Kappelman, J Rasmussen, DT Sanders, WJ Feseha, M Bown, T Copeland, P Crabaugh, J Fleagle, J Glantz, M Gordon, A Jacobs, B Maga, M Muldoon, K Pan, A Pyne, L Richmond, B Ryan, T Seiffert, ER Sen, S Todd, L Wiemann, MC Winkler, A AF Kappelman, J Rasmussen, DT Sanders, WJ Feseha, M Bown, T Copeland, P Crabaugh, J Fleagle, J Glantz, M Gordon, A Jacobs, B Maga, M Muldoon, K Pan, A Pyne, L Richmond, B Ryan, T Seiffert, ER Sen, S Todd, L Wiemann, MC Winkler, A TI Oligocene mammals from Ethiopia and faunal exchange between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FLOOD VOLCANISM; MIOCENE; PROBOSCIDEANS; HIGHLANDS; MOROCCO; YEMEN AB Afro-Arabian mammalian communities underwent a marked transition near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary at approximately 24 million years (Myr) ago. Although it is well documented that the endemic paenungulate taxa were replaced by migrants from the Northern Hemisphere, the timing and evolutionary dynamics of this transition have long been a mystery because faunas from about 32 to 24 Myr ago are largely unknown(1). Here we report a late Oligocene fossil assemblage from Ethiopia, which constrains the migration to postdate 27 Myr ago, and yields new insight into the indigenous faunal dynamics that preceded this event. The fauna is composed of large paenungulate herbivores and reveals not only which earlier taxa persisted into the late Oligocene epoch but also demonstrates that one group, the Proboscidea, underwent a marked diversification. When Eurasian immigrants entered Afro-Arabia, a pattern of winners and losers among the endemics emerged: less diverse taxa such as arsinoitheres became extinct, moderately species-rich groups such as hyracoids continued into the Miocene with reduced diversity, whereas the proboscideans successfully carried their adaptive radiation out of Afro-Arabia and across the world. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol Anthropol & Anat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Paleontol, F-75005 Paris, France. Forest Serv, Ctr Wood Anat Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Kappelman, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Copeland, Peter/A-9823-2008; OI Gordon, Adam/0000-0002-1807-4644; Maga, A. Murat/0000-0002-7921-9018 NR 29 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6966 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1038/nature02102 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 749TE UT WOS:000186944300036 PM 14654838 ER PT J AU Singletary, KW Stansbury, MJ Giusti, M Van Breemen, RB Wallig, M Rimando, A AF Singletary, KW Stansbury, MJ Giusti, M Van Breemen, RB Wallig, M Rimando, A TI Inhibition of rat mammary tumorigenesis by Concord grape juice constituents SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grape; breast cancer; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ID CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT RESVERATROL; LYOPHILIZED BLACK-RASPBERRIES; FREEZE-DRIED STRAWBERRIES; LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA-CELLS; RED WINE POLYPHENOLS; IN-VITRO; CANCER-CELLS; MOUSE SKIN; DNA-DAMAGE; ANTHOCYANINS AB The effects of Concord grape juice constituents on the promotion of chemically induced rat mammary tumor development and on the proliferation of a rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line were studied. Isocaloric grape juice formulations provided in the drinking fluid of rats at concentrations of 489 and 651 mg of phenolics/dL of fluid significantly inhibited mammary adenocarcinoma multiplicity compared to controls. Final tumor mass also was significantly decreased for animals provided these two grape juice concentrations compared to controls. In addition, DNA synthesis of the rat mammary adenocarcinoma RBA cell line was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner for cells treated with a grape extract, with an IC50 dose of similar to14 mug of phenolics/mL. This inhibition of DNA synthesis was not accompanied by changes in 8-oxodeoxyguanosine formation or by substantial cell cycle arrest. These studies thus indicate that Concord grape juice constituents can inhibit the promotion stage of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis, in part by suppressing cell proliferation. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. RP Singletary, KW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 467 Bevier Hall,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Giusti, Maria/B-3367-2012; OI Giusti, Maria /0000-0002-2348-3530 NR 77 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 25 BP 7280 EP 7286 DI 10.1021/jf030278l PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 748VB UT WOS:000186880800010 PM 14640571 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Fishman, ML Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT AF Yoo, SH Fishman, ML Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT TI Monovalent salt-induced gelation of enzymatically deesterified pectin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pectin methylesterase; pectin; monovalent salts; gel strength; molecular weight; intrinsic viscosity ID PARTICLE-SIZE; METAL-IONS; METHYLESTERASE; PECTINESTERASE; SENSITIVITY; METHYL; JUICE; GELS AB Pectin gels were induced by monovalent salts (0.2 M) concurrently with deesterification of high methoxy pectin using a salt-independent orange pectin methylesterase (PME). Constant pH was maintained during deesterification and gelation. If salt or PME was absent, the pectin did not form a gel. The gel strength was influenced by both pH and species of monovalent cation. At pH 5.0, the pectin gel induced by KCl was significantly stronger than the NaCl-induced gel. In contrast, a much stronger gel was produced in the presence of NaCl as compared to KCl at pH 7.0. LiCl did not induce pectin gelation at either pH. Molecular Weights of pectins increased from 1.38 x 10(5) to 2.26 x 10(5) during NaCl-induced gelation at pH 7. One proposal to explain these pectin molecular weight changes is a hypothetical PME transacylation mechanism. However, these pectin molecular weight changes can also be explained by metastable aggregation of the enzymatically deesterified low methoxy pectin. We postulate that gelation was induced by a slow deesterification of pectin under conditions that would normally salt out (precipitate) low methoxy pectin in the absence of PME. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Hotchkiss, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahotchkiss@arserrc.gov NR 41 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 25 BP 7410 EP 7417 DI 10.1021/jf030152o PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 748VB UT WOS:000186880800031 PM 14640592 ER PT J AU Jones, BL Budde, AD AF Jones, BL Budde, AD TI Effect of reducing and oxidizing agents and pH on malt endoproteolytic activities and brewing mashes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; barley; proteinases; soluble protein; cysteine; oxidizing agents; reducing agents; diamide ID TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR PROTEINS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; REDUCTION AB The activities of the four endoproteinase classes of malted barley are known to vary with pH, and it seemed likely that the cysteine enzyme activities could be altered by redox agents. This study determined how altering the pH and adding redox agents to mashes influenced the worts that were produced during the brewing process. The reducing agents cysteine.HCl, dithiothreitol, and beta-mercaptoethanol increased the proteolysis that occurred in malt extracts and mashes. This increased proteolysis was negated by the addition of the oxidizing agents diamide or hydrogen peroxide. The addition of reducing agents to mashes increased the soluble protein, free amino nitrogen (FAN), and extract values of their resultant worts, and this effect was abolished by the concomitant addition of oxidizing agents. Raising the pH values of the mashes strongly reduced their proteolytic activities, soluble protein, FAN, and extract values, but not their beta-glucan levels. These results show that several of the major aspects of malting and brewing quality can be adjusted by varying the pH and redox qualitites of mashes, which could be helpful to brewers. These results also strengthen the previous proposal made by Buchanan et al. that the redox status of plants may play a significant part in controlling their physiology. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jones, BL (reprint author), Route 1,Box 6, Kooskia, ID 83539 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 25 BP 7504 EP 7512 DI 10.1021/jf030206u PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 748VB UT WOS:000186880800045 PM 14640606 ER PT J AU Gu, LW Kelm, MA Hammerstone, JF Beecher, G Holden, J Haytowitz, D Prior, RL AF Gu, LW Kelm, MA Hammerstone, JF Beecher, G Holden, J Haytowitz, D Prior, RL TI Screening of foods containing proanthocyanidins and their structural characterization using LC-MS/MS and thiolytic degradation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE catechin; propelargonidin; procyanidin; proanthocyanidins; tannins; foods ID BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYMERIC PROANTHOCYANIDINS; PROCYANIDIN OLIGOMERS; IDENTIFICATION; TANNINS; COCOA; HPLC; QUANTIFICATION; PLASMA; DIMER AB A normal-phase HPLC-MS/MS method was applied to screen for proanthocyanidins in 88 different kinds of foods. Thirty-nine foods were found to contain proanthocyanidins. These foods include 19 kinds of fruits, eight cereals/beans, seven nuts, two beverages, two spices, and one vegetable. Twenty-five kinds of foods were found to contain both oligomeric (DP less than or equal to 10) and polymeric proanthocyanidins (DP > 10), and the other 14 foods contained only oligomers. Procyanidins with B-type linkages were detected as the only components in 21 foods and also as principal components in the others. Propelargonidins were identified in pinto bean, raspberry, strawberry, and almond, etc. Plum, avocado, peanut, curry, and cinnamon were identified as potential sources of A-type proanthocyanidins in addition to cranberry. Thiolytic degradation and MS/MS analyses indicated that the A-type linkages are present as a terminal unit in plum or between the extension units in curry, cinnamon, and avocado, whereas A-type linkages exist at both positions in cranberry and peanut. C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Mars Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011; Hammerstone, John/N-9766-2013 NR 28 TC 302 Z9 311 U1 6 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 25 BP 7513 EP 7521 DI 10.1021/jf034815d PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 748VB UT WOS:000186880800046 PM 14640607 ER PT J AU Pannkuk, CD Robichaud, PR AF Pannkuk, CD Robichaud, PR TI Effectiveness of needle cast at reducing erosion after forest fires SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE erosion; runoff; wildfires ID WATER EROSION; SOIL-EROSION; MODEL; RILLS; WEPP AB [1] Needle cast from partially burnt conifer trees commonly occurs after forest fires. The effectiveness of needles in reducing soil erosion was investigated in this study. Two needle types, ponderosa pine and Douglas fir needles, were used at four different cover amounts ( 0, 15, 40, and 70 percent) on granitic and volcanic derived soils. Simulated rainfall was used to examine interrill erosion; added inflow was used to determine rill erosion in a laboratory setting. After a series of "runs,'' data showed that sediment delivery was greater for the granitic soil compared with the volcanic soil. Douglas fir needles were more effective at reducing interrill erosion compared with the ponderosa pine needles. Ponderosa pine needles, because of their shape and being bundled together, often caused minidebris dams to form. The minidebris dams formed by ponderosa pine needles reduce flow within the rill, resulting in less rill erosion than the Douglas fir needles. A 50 percent cover of Douglas fir needles reduced interrill erosion by 80 percent and rill erosion 20 by percent. A 50 percent cover of ponderosa pine needles reduced interrill erosion by 60 percent and rill erosion by 40 percent. We also compared the effectiveness of using stream power, rather than shear stress, to model rill erosion. Stream power was a better predictor of sediment load than shear stress. Rill detachment rates based on stream power decreased with increasing cover for both needle types. These results challenge the use of shear stress detachment rates in current erosion models and provide insight into the use of stream power detachment rates. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Pannkuk, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1333 DI 10.1029/2003WR002318 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 756NQ UT WOS:000187488100004 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA AF DiCarlo, DA TI Drainage in finite-sized unsaturated zones SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow; drainage; capillary pressures; saturation; tensiometers ID 3-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SOILS; FLOW AB After the initiation of gravity drainage, water is often assumed to be either (a) draining under unit gradient, or (b) at capillary/gravity equilibrium. Both of these simplifications can be useful, but the regimes of validity of each assumption must be delineated. Water pressures are measured versus time and distance as water drains out of a 1.6 m long sand column to determine the relative effects of capillary and gravitational forces during drainage. For medium sized sands (0.15-0.3 mm in diameter), the capillary pressure is constant in space in a large region of the column for over 12 days, and the water continues to flow under unit gradient for relatively long time scales. Similar results are seen for finer sands, but with a much faster approach to equilibrium. Numerical simulations and analytical estimates are presented and compare favorably to the measurements. Together, the experimental, theoretical and analytical results are used to calculate when capillary/gravity equilibrium is reached as a function of porous media properties and length of the unsaturated zone. The ratio of the length of the unsaturated zone to the bubbling pressure is a key parameter in determining the drainage regime, and that even for relatively short unsaturated zones the equilibrium time scale can be on the order of years. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1257 EP 1266 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2003.09.001 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 744ZJ UT WOS:000186662500005 ER PT J AU Morris, ML Heisey, PW AF Morris, ML Heisey, PW TI Estimating the benefits of plant breeding research: methodological issues and practical challenges SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Why Has Impact Assessment Research Not Made More of A Difference CY FEB, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA DE agricultural research; agricultural research evaluation; plant breeding research; impact assessment; economic analysis ID PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT; IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH; MAINTENANCE; IMPACTS; INCOME AB Impact assessment studies consistently show that the benefits generated by plant breeding are large, positive and widely distributed. Numerous case studies have concluded that investment in plant breeding research generates attractive rates of return compared to alternative investment opportunities, that welfare gains resulting from the adoption of modem varieties (MVs) reach both favoured and marginal environments, and that benefits are broadly shared by producers and consumers. But just how reliable are the results of studies that estimate the benefits of plant breeding research? This article reviews methods used to estimate the benefits of plant breeding research and discusses theoretical and empirical issues that often receive inadequate attention in applied impact assessment work. Our objective is not to question the validity of the theoretical frameworks commonly used to estimate the benefits of plant breeding research, but rather to examine problems that can arise when the widely accepted theoretical frameworks are used for empirical analysis. Most of these problems can be grouped into three basic categories: (1) problems associated with measuring adoption and diffusion of MVs, (2) problems associated with estimating benefits attributable to adoption of MVs, and (3) problems associated with assigning credit among the various plant breeding programmes that participated in developing the MVs. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CIMMYT, Econ Program, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. USDA, ERS, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Morris, ML (reprint author), CIMMYT, Econ Program, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0169-5150(03)00051-3 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 753CJ UT WOS:000187214000002 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ AF Elzen, PJ TI Beekeeping issues - Varroa control and viruses SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 143 IS 12 BP 940 EP 940 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 746KX UT WOS:000186746500009 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR AF Hunt, JR TI High-, but not low-bioavailability diets enable substantial control of women's iron absorption in relation to body iron stores, with minimal adaptation within several weeks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal adaptation; nonheme iron; heme iron; iron absorption; dietary bioavailability; iron requirements; serum ferritin; fecal ferritin; ascorbic acid; meat; phytic acid; tea ID ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; NONHEME-IRON; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; FERRITIN EXCRETION; BALANCE; PLASMA; HUMANS; FOOD AB Background: Adaptation of iron absorption in response to dietary iron bioavailability is less likely in premenopausal women, who generally have lower iron stores, than in men. Objective: The objective of the study was to ascertain whether iron absorption in women adapts to dietary iron bioavailability and whether adaptation reflects altered absorptive efficiency or adjustment to specific inhibitors or enhancers of absorption. Design: Heme- and nonheme-iron absorption from either high- or low-bioavailability diets was measured at 0 and 10 wk in premenopausal women as they consumed one of the diets for 12 wk (randomized 2 X 2 factorial design). The high- and low-bioavailability diets contained similar amounts of total iron, as 13.1 and 14.8 mg/d nonheme and 2.0 and 0.3 mg/d heme iron, respectively, and they differed in contents of meat, ascorbate, whole grains, legumes, and tea. Results: In premenopausal women, the efficiency of nonheme-iron absorption (P = 0.06, two-tailed test), but not of heme-iron absorption, tended to adapt in response to a 12-wk difference in dietary iron bioavailability, whether absorption was tested with high- or low-bioavailability menus. Bioavailability, but not adaptation, substantially influenced total iron absorption (approximate to6-fold). In contrast with iron absorption from the low-bioavailability diet, that from the high-bioavailability diet consistently was inversely associated with serum ferritin. Conclusion: Only the high-bioavailability diet enabled women to absorb more iron in relation to their low iron stores. Women consuming the high-bioavailability diet absorbed up to 4.5 mg (30-35%) dietary iron with minimal influence of the diet consumed during the previous 10 wk. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1168 EP 1177 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 746KB UT WOS:000186744600018 PM 14668280 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Butte, NF Sorkin, JD AF Treuth, MS Butte, NF Sorkin, JD TI Predictors of body fat gain in nonobese girls with a familial predisposition to obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE obesity; children; energy expenditure; fitness; body composition; physical activity ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PREPUBERTAL GIRLS; WHITE-CHILDREN; WEIGHT-GAIN; ADIPOSITY; OXIDATION; CHILDHOOD AB Background: Conflicting evidence exists on the causal factors underlying the development of excess adiposity in children. Objective: We determined the effect of energy expenditure (EE), muscle energetics, and physical fitness on weight and fat gain in prepubertal girls with or without a predisposition to obesity. Design: Normal-weight girls (n = 101) were recruited at 8 y of age according to parental body mass index. Eighty-eight girls completed the 2-y study, and the groups were as follows: LN, girls with 2 lean parents; LNOB, girls with 1 obese and 1 lean parent; and OB, girls with 2 obese parents. Measurements of weight, height, and body composition were taken 1 and 2 y after baseline. Girls underwent baseline measurements of EE by 24-h calorimetry and doubly labeled water, of muscle metabolism by P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and of fitness. Results: Fat mass (FM) and percentage body fat (%BF) differed significantly between the groups at years 1 and 2; the OB group had higher FM (P = 0.03) and %BF (P = 0.046) at year 1 and higher FM (P = 0.047) at year 2 than did the LN group. After adjustment for baseline weight, group, time, ethnicity, and Tanner stage, sleep EE, basal EE, 24-h EE, and peak oxygen uptake were negatively associated with FM and %BF (P < 0.04). After adjustment for the same variables, muscle oxidative capacity and free-living total EE were negatively and positively predictive, respectively, of changes in %BF between 8 and 10 y of age (both P = 0.04). Conclusions: Nonobese girls with 2 obese parents have a significant risk of developing obesity. High free-living total EE and low muscle oxidative capacity predict high rates of fat gain. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore VA Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R29 HD 34029] NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1212 EP 1218 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 746KB UT WOS:000186744600023 PM 14668285 ER PT J AU Bos, C Stoll, B Fouillet, H Gaudichon, C Guan, XF Grusak, MA Reeds, PJ Tome, D Burrin, DG AF Bos, C Stoll, B Fouillet, H Gaudichon, C Guan, XF Grusak, MA Reeds, PJ Tome, D Burrin, DG TI Intestinal lysine metabolism is driven by the enteral availability of dietary lysine in piglets fed a bolus meal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE amino acid metabolism; dietary amino acids; portal-drained viscera; nonsteady state ID WHOLE-BODY LEUCINE; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; SPLANCHNIC REGION; SOYBEAN PROTEINS; HEALTHY-ADULTS; MILK PROTEIN; PIGS; KINETICS AB Previous steady-state continuous-feeding studies have shown that the gut mucosa removes substantial amounts of both dietary and systemic amino acids. However, enteral nutrition is often given under non-steady-state conditions as a bolus meal, and this has been shown to influence systemic metabolism. Therefore, our aim was to quantify the relative metabolism of dietary and systemic lysine by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) under non-steady-state conditions after a single bolus meal. Five 28-day-old piglets implanted with arterial, venous, and portal catheters and with an ultrasonic portal flow probe were given an oral bolus feeding of a milk formula containing a trace quantity of intrinsically N-15-labeled soy protein and a continuous intravenous infusion of [U-C-13] lysine for 8 h. Total lysine use by the PDV was maximal 1 h after the meal (891 mumol . kg(-1) . h(-1)) and was predominantly of dietary origin (89%), paralleling the enteral delivery of dietary lysine. Intestinal lysine use returned to a low level after 4 h postprandially and was derived exclusively from the arterial supply until 8 h. Cumulative systemic appearance of dietary lysine reached 44 and 80% of the ingested amount 4 and 8 h after the meal, respectively, whereas the PDV first-pass use of dietary lysine was 55 and 32% of the intake for these two periods, respectively. We conclude that the first-pass utilization rate of dietary lysine by the PDV is directly increased by the enteral lysine availability and that it is higher with a bolus than with continuous oral feeding. C1 INRA, INAPG, Natl Inst Agr Sci Paris,Natl Inst Agr Res,UMR 914, Dept Nutr Physiol & Feeding Control, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bos, C (reprint author), INRA, INAPG, Natl Inst Agr Sci Paris,Natl Inst Agr Res,UMR 914, Dept Nutr Physiol & Feeding Control, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RI Fouillet, Helene/K-7314-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-33920] NR 49 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 285 IS 6 BP E1246 EP E1257 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00150.2003 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 741TC UT WOS:000186474500012 PM 12851176 ER PT J AU Kansagra, K Stoll, B Rognerud, C Niinikoski, H Ou, CN Harvey, R Burrin, D AF Kansagra, K Stoll, B Rognerud, C Niinikoski, H Ou, CN Harvey, R Burrin, D TI Total parenteral nutrition adversely affects gut barrier function in neonatal piglets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonates; permeability; tight junctions; intraepithelial lymphocytes; goblet cells ID INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; TIGHT JUNCTION STRUCTURE; BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CROHNS-DISEASE; EPITHELIAL PERMEABILITY; PRETERM INFANTS; EXPRESSION; OCCLUDIN; STRANDS AB Sepsis is the most common morbidity in preterm infants, who often receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We hypothesized that gut barrier function is compromised in TPN-fed compared with enterally fed newborn piglets (ENT pigs). Colostrum-deprived newborn pigs were implanted with jugular venous and bladder catheters under general anesthesia. Pigs were either administered TPN (n = 15) or fed formula (ENT pigs, n = 15). After 6 days, pigs were gavaged a solution of mannitol, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol 4000 ( PEG 4000) and urine was collected for 24 h. At 7 days, small bowel samples were assayed for myeloperoxidase activity, morphometry, and tight junction protein abundance. Intestinal contents and peripheral organ sites were cultured for bacteria. Urinary recovery (% dose) of mannitol ( 53 vs. 68) was lower, whereas that of lactulose ( 2.93 vs. 0.18) and PEG 4000 ( 12.78 vs. 0.96) were higher in TPN vs. ENT pigs, respectively ( P < 0.05). Incidence of translocation was similar in TPN and ENT pigs. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in TPN vs. ENT pigs in the jejunum ( P < 0.001) and was weakly correlated with lactulose (R-2 = 0.32) and PEG 4000 (R-2 = 0.38) recovery. Goblet cell counts did not change, but intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers decreased with TPN. Only claudin-1 protein abundance was increased in the TPN group. We conclude that TPN is associated with impairment of neonatal gut barrier function as measured by permeability but not translocation. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Newborn Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Burrin, D (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Newborn Sect, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD-07445, HD-33920] NR 64 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 285 IS 6 BP G1162 EP G1170 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00243.2003 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 742MH UT WOS:000186521100011 PM 12969831 ER PT J AU Ghosh, C AF Ghosh, C TI Healthy People 2010 and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders: Defining a baseline of information SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health lists 6 areas of disparity in minority health services: infant mortality, cancer, cardiovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and immunizations. This study compiles existing Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) health data to establish a baseline. Methods. For federally-sponsored research (1986-2000), the Computer Retrieval of Information on Specific Projects (CRISP) database was analyzed. AAPI initiatives were divided by subpopulation and disparity area. MEDLINE articles (1966-2000) were similarly scrutinized. Results. Few federal health-related grants (0.2%) and MEDLINE articles (0.01%) mention AAPIs. For the 6 disparity areas, significant AAPI data gaps remain. Conclusions. To reach the Healthy People 2010 goals and have useful data, researchers and grant makers must focus on obtaining baseline data for disaggregated AAPI subgroups. C1 USDA, DHHS, US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Cambridge, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ghosh, C (reprint author), 88 Atlant Ave,2B, Brooklyn, NY 10025 USA. NR 20 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 93 IS 12 BP 2093 EP 2098 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.12.2093 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 748WH UT WOS:000186848400030 PM 14652340 ER PT J AU Wagner, BA Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Keefe, TJ Salman, MD AF Wagner, BA Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Keefe, TJ Salman, MD TI Analysis methods for evaluating bacterial antimicrobial resistance outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FECAL CONTAMINATION; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wagner, BA (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1570 EP 1579 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1570 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 746JX UT WOS:000186744200019 PM 14672438 ER PT J AU Zhang, JM Satterfield, MB Brodbelt, JS Britz, SJ Clevidence, B Novotny, JA AF Zhang, JM Satterfield, MB Brodbelt, JS Britz, SJ Clevidence, B Novotny, JA TI Structural characterization and detection of kale flavonoids by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALLY ANTICARCINOGENIC FLAVONOIDS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN PLASMA; BRASSICA-NAPUS; ANTIOXIDANT FLAVONOLS; URINARY-EXCRETION; B RADIATION; RED RADISH; QUERCETIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Sensitive and precise analytical methods are needed for flavonols, a subclass of flavonoids that has strong antioxidant activity. We report an improved method for identifying the predominant flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol, by collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) and quantifying them by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode. Practical applications of the method were demonstrated using several kale and biological samples. Two commercial kale samples were found to have 77 or 244 ppm quercetin and 235 or 347 ppm kaempferol (ppm = mug of quercetin/g of kale or mug of kaempferol/g of kale by fresh weight, 5-15% relative standard deviation). Blanching was found to reduce the flavonols to similar to60% of the levels found in the unblanched kale. Isotopically labeled kale (cultivar Vates) grown in a greenhouse under an atmosphere of (CO2)-C-13 was found to have much lower flavonol levels. UV-A and UV-B supplementation during kale growth in the greenhouse was found to enhance both quercetin and kaempferol levels in Vates kale. The UVB-supplemented kale not only produced more flavonols but the quercetin-to-kaempferol ratio was also higher than the UV-A-supplemented or the nonsupplemented kale. Recovery of flavonols from kale was similar to60% based on spike and recovery trials with rutin, a glycoside of quercetin. Recovery of flavonols from biological samples spiked with rutin ranged from 96% for urine to 70% for plasma. Compared to UV detection, ESI-MS in the deprotonation mode provided lower detection limits, and both higher sensitivity and selectivity, in addition to structural characterization of the kale flavonols by CAD. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brodbelt, JS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM63512] NR 45 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 23 BP 6401 EP 6407 DI 10.1021/ac034795e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 750HV UT WOS:000186986000009 PM 14640707 ER PT J AU Potts, JK Echternkamp, SE Smith, TPL Reecy, JM AF Potts, JK Echternkamp, SE Smith, TPL Reecy, JM TI Characterization of gene expression in double-muscled and normal-muscled bovine embryos SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine; gene expression; macroarray; myostatin ID LOCI AFFECTING GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MYOSTATIN; CATTLE; DIFFERENTIATION; MOUSE; CELLS; OBESITY; FORMS; MYOD AB Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Cattle with mutations that inactivate myostatin exhibit a remarkable increase in mass of skeletal muscle called double muscling that is accompanied by an equally remarkable decrease in carcass fat. Although a mouse knockout model has been created which results in mice with a 200% increase in skeletal muscle mass, molecular mechanisms whereby myostatin regulates skeletal muscle and fat mass are not fully understood. Using suppressive subtractive hybridization, genes that were differentially expressed in double-muscled vs. normal-muscled cattle embryos were identified. Genetic variation at other loci was minimized by using embryonic samples collected from related Piedmontese x Angus dams or Belgian Blue x Hereford dams bred to a single sire of the same breed composition. Embryos were collected at 31-33 days of gestation, which is 2-4 days after high-level expression of myostatin in the developing bovine embryo. The suppressive subtraction resulted in 30 clones that were potentially differentially expressed, 19 of which were confirmed by macroarray analysis. Several of these genes have biological functions that suggest that they are directly involved in myostatin's regulation of skeletal muscle development. Furthermore, several of these genes map to quantitative trait loci known to interact with variation in the myostatin gene. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Reecy, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1046/j.0268-9146.2003.01055.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 745FF UT WOS:000186678100006 PM 14687074 ER PT J AU Ihara, N Yamakuchi, H Taniguchi, Y Sasaki, Y Bennett, GL Kappes, S Sugimoto, Y AF Ihara, N Yamakuchi, H Taniguchi, Y Sasaki, Y Bennett, GL Kappes, S Sugimoto, Y TI Mapping of bovine CEBPD to BTA14q15-17 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEQUENCE; GENE C1 Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet, Fukushima 9618061, Japan. Cattle Breeding Dev Inst Kagoshima, Kagoshima 8998212, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Anim Genet & Breeding, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Sugimoto, Y (reprint author), Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet, Fukushima 9618061, Japan. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 470 EP 471 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01061.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 745FF UT WOS:000186678100017 PM 14687085 ER PT J AU Cisar, CR Balog, JM Okimoto, R Anthony, NB Donoghue, AM AF Cisar, CR Balog, JM Okimoto, R Anthony, NB Donoghue, AM TI The chicken bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II(BMPR2) gene maps to chromosome 7 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Cisar, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 475 EP 476 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01065.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 745FF UT WOS:000186678100021 PM 14687089 ER PT J AU Church, RL Gerrard, RA Gilpin, M Stine, P AF Church, RL Gerrard, RA Gilpin, M Stine, P TI Constructing cell-based habitat patches useful in conservation planning SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE geographical site location; habitat patch; San Joaquin kit fox ID LAND ACQUISITION PROBLEM; JOAQUIN KIT FOXES; SUITABILITY MAPS; ALLOCATION; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; PATTERNS; GIS AB Given a raster of environmental or habitat values representing a landscape, we construct agglomerations of contiguous cells that constitute habitat "patches." This land-allocation problem has received inadequate attention in the academic literature and cannot be solved with commercial GIS packages. In our method, each patch begins from an initial "seed" cell and continues to accrete neighboring cells until it reaches a desired total habitat value. This may be interpreted as reaching sufficient biological value to create a territory viable for the reproduction and survival of some demographic unit of a species (e.g., mating pair, social group). This article presents a new method for generating/identifying feasible patches. Depending on the type and variety of habitat and on user-selected parameters, patches can vary substantially in shape and size. A patch or territory alone would not be considered sufficient for conserving a species. The eventual use of the patches is as candidates for land units to be selected in order to form a reserve system. Patches should be very useful for conservation-reserve planning, because they build ecological knowledge directly into the spatial units that would be considered as building blocks for a reserve system. We present results of our patch-building heuristic method for planning data from California. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Church, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 814 EP 827 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2003.09304003.x PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA 747GB UT WOS:000186795900003 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Griendling, KK AF Suzuki, YJ Griendling, KK TI Redox control of growth factor signaling in heart, lung, and circulation SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE; TRANSDUCTION; MECHANISMS; OXIDASE C1 Tufts Univ, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Room 269,Jaharis Bldg,150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM yuichiro.suzuki@tufts.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 689 EP 690 DI 10.1089/152308603770379973 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 740BK UT WOS:000186380800001 PM 14588140 ER PT J AU Day, RM Suzuki, YJ Fanburg, BL AF Day, RM Suzuki, YJ Fanburg, BL TI Regulation of glutathione by oxidative stress in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA-1; GLUTAMIC-ACID UPTAKE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CELLULAR GLUTATHIONE; PROLIFERATION; RELEASE AB Glutathione plays important roles as an intracellular antioxidant and in the maintenance of cellular thiol-disulfide balance. In addition, glutathione may regulate cell growth signaling induced by oxidative stress. We previously reported that cellular glutathione is up-regulated by bleomycin in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. The present study examined effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on cell growth and glutathione levels. Exogenous addition of H2O2 induced biphasic effects on cell growth; 1 muM was stimulatory and >10 muM was inhibitory. However, both growth-promoting and inhibitory levels of H2O2 increased cellular glutathione levels. Whereas 1 muM H2O2 moderately but significantly increased glutathione, 30 muM caused a more substantial increase. Like bleomycin, both concentrations of H2O2 activated DNA binding of antioxidant response element (ARE), a regulatory element in the promoter of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain subunit, a key regulator of glutathione synthesis. However, only high concentrations of H2O2 activated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Thus, cellular glutathione is up-regulated by H2O2, perhaps via activating ARE-binding factors in a mechanism independent of MAP kinase. H2O2-mediated increase in glutathione and activation of ARE binding may play important roles in growth and death of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Tupper Res Inst, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Div, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Tupper Res Inst, Div Pulm & Crit Care, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM rday@tufts-nemc.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL32723, R01 HL67340] NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1089/152308603770379991 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 740BK UT WOS:000186380800003 PM 14588142 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ AF Suzuki, YJ TI Growth factor signaling for cardioprotection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1; CARDIAC-MUSCLE-CELLS; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CARDIOMYOCYTES IN-VITRO; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; MYOCYTE APOPTOSIS; DOXORUBICIN CARDIOTOXICITY; ENHANCED EXPRESSION AB The heart is subjected to oxidative stress during various clinical situations, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and anthracycline chemotherapy. The loss of cardiac myocytes is the major problem in heart failure; thus, it is important to protect cardiac myocytes against cell death. Various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor, have been shown to protect the heart against oxidative stress. The mechanism of growth factor-mediated cardioprotection may involve the attenuation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis. The present article summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of growth factor-mediated antiapoptotic signaling in cardiac myocytes. Insulin-like growth factor-1 activates phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Recent data showed that GATA-4 might be an important mediator of cardiac myocyte survival by endothelin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor. These growth factors, as well as mediators of growth factor-signaling, may be useful in therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury. C1 Tufts Univ, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Room 269,Jaharis Bldg,150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM yuichiro.suzuki@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL72844, R01 HL67340] NR 78 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.1089/152308603770380043 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 740BK UT WOS:000186380800008 PM 14588147 ER PT J AU Borucki, MK Peppin, JD White, D Loge, F Call, DR AF Borucki, MK Peppin, JD White, D Loge, F Call, DR TI Variation in biofilm formation among strains of Listeria monocytogenes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; TO-CELL SPREAD; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; ADHERENCE; MULTIPLE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE AB Contamination of food by Listeria monocytogenes is thought to occur most frequently in food-processing environments where cells persist due to their ability to attach to stainless steel and other surfaces. Once attached these cells may produce multicellular biofilms that are resistant to disinfection and from which cells can become detached and contaminate food products. Because there is a correlation between virulence and serotype (and thus phylogenetic division) of L. monocytogenes, it is important to determine if there is a link between biofilm formation and disease incidence for L. monocytogenes. Eighty L. monocytogenes isolates were screened for biofilm formation to determine if there is a robust relationship between biofilm formation, phylogenic division, and persistence in the environment. Statistically significant differences were detected between phylogenetic divisions. Increased biofilm formation was observed in Division II strains (serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c), which are not normally associated with food-borne outbreaks. Differences in biofilm formation were also detected between persistent and nonpersistent strains isolated from bulk milk samples, with persistent strains showing increased biofilm formation relative to nonpersistent strains. There were no significant differences detected among serotypes. Exopolysaccharide production correlated with cell adherence for high-biofilm-producing strains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a high-biofilm-forming strain produced a dense, three-dimensional structure, whereas a low-biofilm-forming strain produced a thin, patchy biofilm. These data are consistent with data on persistent strains forming biofilms but do not support a consistent relationship between enhanced biofilm formation and disease incidence. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 34 TC 219 Z9 225 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 69 IS 12 BP 7336 EP 7342 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7336-7342.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 753LZ UT WOS:000187234000047 PM 14660383 ER PT J AU Passos, FV Fleming, HP Hassan, HM McFeeters, RF AF Passos, FV Fleming, HP Hassan, HM McFeeters, RF TI Effect of malic acid on the growth kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUCONOSTOC-OENOS; CUCUMBER FERMENTATIONS; PH; BACTERIA; SUGARS; WINE AB The fermentation kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum were studied in a specially designed broth formulated from commercially available, dehydrated components (yeast extract, trypticase, ammonium sulfate) in batch and continuous culture. During batch growth in the absence of malic acid, the specific growth rate was 0.20 h(-1). Malic acid in the medium, at 2 mM or 10 mM, increased the specific growth rate of L. plantarum to 0.34 h(-1). An increase in the maximum cell yield due to malic acid also was observed. Malic acid in the medium (12 mM) reduced the non-growth-associated (maintenance energy) coefficient and increased the biomass yield in continuous culture, based on calculations from the Luedeking and Piret model. The biomass yield coefficient was estimated as 27.4 mg or 34.3 mg cells mmol(-1) hexose in the absence or presence of malic acid, respectively. The maintenance coefficient was estimated as 3.5 mmol or 1.5 mmol hexose mg(-1) cell h(-1) in the absence or presence of malic acid. These results clearly demonstrate the energy-sparing effect of malic acid on the growth- and non-growth-associated energy requirements for L. plantarum. The quantitative energy-sparing effect of malic acid on L. plantarum has heretofore not been reported, to our knowledge. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Passos, FV (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Food Sci, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s00253-003-1375-7 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 750TR UT WOS:000187014700015 PM 12838376 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Cotta, MA Jeffries, TW AF Dien, BS Cotta, MA Jeffries, TW TI Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA STRAIN; FERMENTING ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; CORN FIBER; GLUCOSE; KO11; GROWTH AB The lack of industrially suitable microorganisms for converting biomass into fuel ethanol has traditionally been cited as a major technical roadblock to developing a bioethanol industry. In the last two decades, numerous microorganisms have been engineered to selectively produce ethanol. Lignocellulosic biomass contains complex carbohydrates that necessitate utilizing microorganisms capable of fermenting sugars not fermentable by brewers' yeast. The most significant of these is xylose. The greatest successes have been in the engineering of Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Zymomonas mobilis. E. coli and K. oxytoca are naturally able to use a wide spectrum of sugars, and work has concentrated on engineering these strains to selectively produce ethanol. Z. mobilis produces ethanol at high yields, but ferments only glucose and fructose. Work on this organism has concentrated on introducing pathways for the fermentation of arabinose and xylose. The history of constructing these strains and current progress in refining them are detailed in this review. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 55 TC 381 Z9 414 U1 6 U2 106 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s00253-003-1444-y PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 751ZF UT WOS:000187120700003 PM 13680206 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA AF Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA TI Examination of spectral pretreatments for partial least-squares calibrations for chemical and physical properties of wheat SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared preprocessing; NIR; partial least squares; PLS; wheat quality; statistical analysis software; SAS ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; RED WINTER-WHEAT; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; FLOUR PROTEINS; DOUGH-QUALITY; HEAT-SHOCK; GLUTENIN; TEMPERATURE; SONICATION AB Use of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance on ground wheat meal for prediction of protein content is a well-accepted practice. Although protein content has a strong bearing on the suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for processed foods, wheat quality, as largely influenced by the configuration and conformation of the monomeric and polymeric endosperm storage proteins, is also of great importance to the food industry. The measurement of quality by NIR, however, has been much less successful. The present study examines the effects and trends of applying mathematical transformations (pretreatments) to NIR spectral data before partial least-squares (PLS) regression. Running mean smooths, Savitzky-Golay second derivatives, multiplicative scatter correction, and standard normal variate transformation, with and without detrending, were systematically applied to an extensive set of hard red winter wheat and hard white wheat grown over two seasons. The studied properties were protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume, number of hours during grain fill at temperature <24 degreesC, and number of hours during grain fill at temperature >32 degreesC. The size of the convolution window used to perform a smooth or second derivative was also examined. The results indicate that for easily modeled properties such as protein content, the importance of pretreatment was lessened, whereas for the more difficult-to-model properties, such as SDS sedimentation volume, wide-window (>20 points) smooth or derivative convolutions were important in maximizing calibration performance. By averaging 30 PLS cross-validation trial statistics (standard error) for each property, we were able to ascertain the inherent modeling ability of each wheat property. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1517 EP 1527 DI 10.1366/000370203322640161 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 753MH UT WOS:000187234800010 PM 14686774 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Windham, WR Lawrence, KC Park, B AF Liu, YL Windham, WR Lawrence, KC Park, B TI Simple algorithms for the classification of visible/near-infrared and hyperspectral imaging spectra of chicken skins, feces, and fecal contaminated skins SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE visible/near-infrared spectroscopy; hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy; algorithm; poultry; fecal contamination ID POULTRY CARCASSES C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1609 EP 1612 DI 10.1366/000370203322640260 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 753MH UT WOS:000187234800020 PM 14686784 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Allen, JA AF Krauss, KW Allen, JA TI Influences of salinity and shade on seedling photosynthesis and growth of two mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula, introduced to Hawaii SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon assimilation; invasion biology; tight response curves; photosynthesis; salt sensitivity; shade tolerance; Rhizophora mangle; Brugutera sexangula ID RED MANGROVE; FOREST AB Rhizophora mangle was first introduced to Hawaii in 1902 to promote shoreline stabilization. Intertidal competition with native and introduced salt marsh species was low, and beyond the early 1920s, mangrove forests expanded rapidly. An additional mangrove species, Bruguiera sexangula, was introduced in 1922 and currently co-occurs with R. mangle in only a few stands on the north shore and windward sides of Oahu. Where the two species overlap, R. mangle, having colonized intertidal zones first, forms nearly monospecific forest stands. To determine why R. mangle remains the dominant mangrove, we initiated a greenhouse study to compare seedling growth and photosynthetic light response of both species growing at two light levels and contrasting salinity regimes (2, 10, 32 PSU). The asymptotic nature of B. sexangula's assimilation response is indicative of stomatal regulation, whereas only light level appears to regulate photosynthesis in R. mangle. Shifts in patterns of biomass allocation and physiological response indicate two contrasting strategies relative to sunlight and salinity. B. sexangula's strategy is characterized by slow growth with little variation under favorable conditions and morphological plasticity under stressful conditions, which allows for adjustments in carbon gain efficiency (morphological strategy). On the other hand, R. mangle's strategy involves faster growth under a wide range of environmental conditions with physiological enhancement of carbon assimilation (physiological strategy). Low salinity combined with reduced light, or simply low sunlight alone, appears to favor R. mangle and B. sexangula equally. High salinity places greater, but not overwhelming, stress on B. sexangula seedlings, but tends to favor R. mangle at higher light levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Paul Smiths Coll, Div Forestry, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.08.004 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 753FB UT WOS:000187220500005 ER PT J AU Hammond, J Hammond, RW AF Hammond, J Hammond, RW TI The complete nucleotide sequence of isolate BYMV-GDD of Bean yellow mosaic virus, and comparison to other potyviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLUM-POX-VIRUS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; COAT PROTEIN; HC-PRO; APHID TRANSMISSIBILITY; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PISUM-SATIVUM; CLEAVAGE SITE; GENOME AB The complete nucleotide sequence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) gladiolus isolate GDD was determined and compared to broad bean isolates BYMV-MB4 and BYMV-S. The BYMV-GDD genome (9528 nt) was more similar to BYMV-MB4 (9532 nt) than to BYMV-S (9547 nt), which has "atypical" symptom expression and host range. The greatest variability occurred in the 5' untranslated region, P1 protein, and NIa-VPg protein, the N-terminal two thirds of HC-Pro, and the C-terminal one third of P3. Each of these regions has been correlated with symptom or host differences between isolates of other potyviruses, and may contribute to the "atypical" nature of BYMV-S. C1 ARS, USDA, USNA, FNPRU, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USNA, FNPRU, B-010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 148 IS 12 BP 2461 EP 2470 DI 10.1007/s00705-003-0185-7 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 750TG UT WOS:000187013700014 PM 14648299 ER PT J AU Withanage, GSK Sasai, K Fukata, T Lillehoj, HS Baba, E AF Withanage, GSK Sasai, K Fukata, T Lillehoj, HS Baba, E TI Increased lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages in the ovaries and oviducts of laying hens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; EGG TRANSMISSION; RABBIT OVIDUCT; CHICKENS; PATHOGENESIS; SYSTEM; SERUM AB Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( SE) is a causative agent for human food poisoning cases throughout the world. The ovaries and the oviducts of the laying hens are the major sites of SE colonization from which vertical transmission to eggs occurs. In this study, Salmonella-induced changes in T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages in the ovaries and oviducts were assessed after primary and secondary experimental inoculations of laying hen with SE. Statistically significant increases in the numbers of T cells (both CD4(+) and CD8(+)) and macrophages were observed 7 to 14 days after primary inoculation, followed by a peak in B-cell numbers from the 14th day post-primary inoculation onwards in the secretory areas of the oviducts. The peak in lymphocyte numbers immediately preceded a decline in the rate of SE recovery from the reproductive tract beginning at day 14. The correlation of decreased Salmonella recovery with elevated lymphocyte and macrophage numbers strongly suggests that local cell-mediated immunity is involved in controlling SE injection in the ovaries and oviducts. C1 Univ Osaka Prefecture, Coll Agr, Dept Vet Internal Med, Osaka 5998531, Japan. USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Withanage, GSK (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 583 EP 590 DI 10.1080/03079450310001610631 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 752UF UT WOS:000187185000002 PM 14676008 ER PT J AU Valant-Vetschera, KM Roitman, JN Wollenweber, E AF Valant-Vetschera, KM Roitman, JN Wollenweber, E TI Chemodiversity of exudate flavonoids in some members of the Lamiaceae (vol 31, pg 1279, 2003) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Valant-Vetschera, KM (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RI Valant-Vetschera, Karin/B-2930-2013 OI Valant-Vetschera, Karin/0000-0003-0951-0050 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1465 EP 1467 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00184-4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 744QZ UT WOS:000186644800011 ER PT J AU Richard, TL Nicholls, DL Kim, BT AF Richard, TL Nicholls, DL Kim, BT TI Windrow design for high rainfall conditions SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Utilizat Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sitka, AK USA. Daejin Univ, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. RP Richard, TL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 12 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 758ZM UT WOS:000187712700027 ER PT J AU Droke, EA Briske-Anderson, M Lukaski, HC AF Droke, EA Briske-Anderson, M Lukaski, HC TI Fatty acids alter monolayer integrity, paracellular transport, and iron uptake and transport in Caco-2 cells SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caco-2; fat; iron; transport; uptake; stearate; linoleate; oleate; patmatate ID IN-VITRO BIOAVAILABILITY; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; NONHEME IRON; ANIMAL PROTEINS; STEARIC-ACID; LINE CACO-2; ABSORPTION; BEEF; RAT; DIFFERENTIATION AB The Caco-2 cell line was used as a model to determine if the type of fatty acid, unsaturated versus saturated, differentially altered the uptake and transport of iron in the human intestine and if the changes were the result of alterations in monolayer integrity and paracellular transport. Cells were cultured in either a lower-iron or normal-iron medium and incubated with a bovine serum albumin control, linoleate, oleate, palmatate, or stearate. Oleate, palmatate, and stearate enhanced (p < 0.05) iron uptake in cells grown in lower iron. The fatty acid effect on iron uptake by cells grown in normal iron was not as pronounced. Iron transport was not affected (p > 0.05) by an interaction between the type of medium (iron concentration) and the type of fatty acid. Iron transport was enhanced (p < 0.05) with palmatate and stearate. Various indicators of monolayer integrity and paracellular transport were also affected by the fatty acids, thus impacting iron uptake and transport. These results indicate that oleate, palmatate, and stearic can enhance iron uptake and transport; however, this enhancement may be the result of alterations in the integrity of the intestine. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Nutr Sci Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Droke, EA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Nutr Sci Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1385/BTER:95:3:219 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 748XY UT WOS:000186887300004 PM 14665727 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Kumar, RS Yang, K Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Kumar, RS Yang, K Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression in porcine placentae: Effects of stage of gestation, breed, and uterine environment SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE conceptus; cortisol; developmental biology; embryo; glucocorticoid receptor ID RIBONUCLEIC-ACID EXPRESSION; RAT PLACENTA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; HUMAN TROPHOBLAST; PRIMARY CULTURES; FETAL MEMBRANES; BABOON PLACENTA; OVINE PLACENTA; TYPE-2 GENE; TISSUE AB Glucocorticoids are known to influence many aspects of prenatal development. Three important regulators of glucocorticoid actions at the cellular level are the enzymes 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD-1), 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD-2), and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). The present study was conducted to determine the presence of these regulators in porcine placentae during early gestation (Days 24-40; term = 114 days) and to examine the influence of breed and uterine environment. Three pig models differing in uterine environment as reflected by embryonic survival from Days 24 to 40 were used: intact white cross-bred gilts (WC-INT); white cross-bred gilts that had been unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized before puberty (WC-UHO); and intact Meishan gilts (ME). Porcine-specific partial cDNAs for 11betaHSD-1 and 11betaHSD-2 and a cRNA for GRalpha were developed and used to produce P-32-labeled probes for Northern blot analyses. The 11betaHSD dehydrogenase activity was measured in vitro at saturating concentrations of substrate and coenzyme. At Day 24 of gestation, 11betaHSD-2 mRNA, dehydrogenase activity, and GR mRNA were present, but 11betaHSD-1 mRNA was absent. All three mRNAs and dehydrogenase activity increased (P < 0.01) by Day 40. On Day 30, placental 11betaHSD-2 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.03) by 47% in WC-UHO versus WC-INT. Placental 11betaHSD dehydrogenase activity was 2-fold greater (P < 0.01) in ME versus WC-INT on Day 24 of gestation. These results demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, the presence of 11betaHSD-1, 11betaHSD-2, and GR mRNA as well as 11betaHSD dehydrogenase activity in the porcine placenta during early pregnancy. Moreover, a role for glucocorticoids in porcine embryonic development is suggested. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Lawson Res Inst, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, St Josephs Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, St Josephs Hosp, Dept Physiol, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada. RP Klemcke, HG (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1945 EP 1950 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.103.018150 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 746XE UT WOS:000186772300024 PM 12904312 ER PT J AU Grau, HR Aide, TM Zimmerman, JK Thomlinson, JR Helmer, E Zou, XM AF Grau, HR Aide, TM Zimmerman, JK Thomlinson, JR Helmer, E Zou, XM TI The ecological consequences of socioeconomic and land-use changes in postagriculture Puerto Rico SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land-use and land-cover change; Puerto Rico; secondary succession; exotic species; globalization ID ABANDONED TROPICAL PASTURES; FOREST REGENERATION; SECONDARY FOREST; USE HISTORY; CARIBBEAN HURRICANES; TROPHIC COMPOSITION; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY; CARBON AB Contrary to the general trend in the tropics, forests have recovered in Puerto Rico from less than 10% of the landscape in the late 1940s to more than 40% in the present. The recent Puerto Rican history of forest recovery provides the opportunity to study the ecological consequences of economic globalization, reflected in a shift from agriculture to manufacturing and inhuman migration from rural to urban areas. Forest structure rapidly recovers through secondary succession, reaching mature forest levels of local biodiversity and biomass in approximately 40 years. Despite the rapid structural recovery, the legacy of pre-abandonment land use, including widespread abundance of exotic species and broadscale floristic homogenization, is likely to persist for centuries. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Nacl Tucuman, Lab Invest Ecol Yungas, RA-4107 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, Rio Piedras, PR 00936 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Grau, HR (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. NR 68 TC 161 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1159 EP 1168 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[1159:TECOSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 754NA UT WOS:000187322200005 ER PT J AU Diker, K Bausch, WC AF Diker, K Bausch, WC TI Radiometric field measurements of maize for estimating soil and plant nitrogen SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CORN; AVAILABILITY AB Conventional recommendations of nitrogen (N) fertiliser are based on composite soil samples. This may result in either underfertilisation or overfertilisation due to the neglected spatial variability. This paper shows a procedure to estimate in season plant and soil nitrogen by using remote sensing. The study was conducted on two experimental sites. The first experiment consisted of six non-replicated fertiliser plots. These data were used to develop the relationships between reflectance data and the plant and soil N. The second experiment had four plots with various N and water treatments on which the developed relationships were verified. Plant N, soil N and reflectance data from both nadir and 75degrees view angles were collected almost weekly. The nitrogen reflectance index was employed to estimate plant N. Regression analysis was used to develop relationships. Spatial variability was mapped in ArcView geographical information system. Regression analysis between reflectance data and plant N, and soil N and plant N showed good relationships at various stages. The nadir view tended to underestimate the plant and soil parameters, whereas the 75degrees view slightly overestimated. Geographic information system mapping of measured and estimated soil N showed an agreement except in locations where high N spots were encountered. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute. C1 Colorado State Univ, AERC, USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Diker, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, AERC, USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.08.016 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 750JD UT WOS:000186986800003 ER PT J AU Walker, LR Lodge, DJ Guzman-Grajales, SM Fetcher, N AF Walker, LR Lodge, DJ Guzman-Grajales, SM Fetcher, N TI Species-specific seedling responses to hurricane disturbance in a Puerto Rican rain forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE canopy openness; hurricane; light; nutrients; organic debris; regeneration; secondary succession; tropical forest ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; GAP-PHASE REGENERATION; TROPICAL WET FOREST; TREE SEEDLINGS; CANOPY GAPS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; LEAF LITTER; LIGHT; HUGO; DIVERSITY AB Seedling dynamics were followed in a Puerto Rican forest for 20 months following a severe hurricane to study the interactive effects of hurricane debris, nutrients, and light on seedling diversity density, growth, and mortality. Three treatments (debris removal, an unaltered control with hurricane debris, and chemical fertilization added to hurricane debris) altered levels of forest debris and soil nutrients. Canopy openness was measured twice using hemispherical photographs of the canopy. We examined the demographic responses of six common species to treatments over time. Seedling densities increased for all six species but the only significant treatment effects were increased densities of the pioneer tree Cecropia and the shrub Palicourea in the debris removal treatment. Seedling growth declined with declining light levels for four species but not for the pioneer tree Alchornea or the non-pioneer tree Dacryodes. Only Cecropia and the non-pioneer tree Chionanthus had treatment effects on growth. Mortality also differed among species and tended to be highest in the fertilized plots for all but Cecropia and Dacryodes. We found only come of the expected differences between pioneer and non-pioneer plants, as each species had a unique response to the patchy distributions of organic debris, nutrients, and light following the hurricane. High local species diversity was maintained through the individualistic responses of seedlings after a disturbance. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. River Parishes Community Coll, Sorrento, LA 70778 USA. Univ Scranton, Dept Biol, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. RP Walker, LR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 69 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 472 EP 485 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 762VG UT WOS:000188002400003 ER PT J AU Glavich, DA AF Glavich, DA TI The distribution, ecology, and taxonomy of Bryoria spiralifera and B. pseudocapillaris on the Samoa Peninsula, Humboldt Co., coastal northern California SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LICHEN PRODUCTS; FORESTS; IDENTIFICATION; PRECIPITATION AB Bryoria spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw and B. pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw are two rare maritime lichens that were described from a small number of samples. This study describes the habitat and investigates chemical and morphological differences between the two species in the Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta var. contorta forests of the Samoa Peninsula, location of the largest known population of B. spiralifera. Bryoria spiralifera is well distributed (100% frequency), and B. pseudocapillaris is less common (10% frequency) in each of the two stand types. Both species co-occur on the same branches, and both species are most abundant in high exposure sites such as forest edges along sand dunes and large canopy gaps. In Pinus contorta var. contorta stands, which tend to have open canopies, these two species are abundant, both in the understory as well as the upper canopy. In Picea sitchensis stands with more closed canopies, these species mostly occupy the upper canopy. Thin layer chromatography and logistic regression support the original hypothesis that B. spiralifera and B. pseudocapillaris are separate species. Thin layer chromatography showed that both species have distinctive, unshared secondary products. A logistic regression model finds several combinations of morphology as strong predictors of identity. Bryoria spiralifera is variable in regards to color and pseudocyphellae, but many have spiraling pseudocyphellae, while B. pseudocapillaris is mostly pale, with long, linear pseudocyphellae. C1 US Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest Supervisors Off, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Glavich, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest Supervisors Off, USDA, POB 1148, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI FAIRFAX PA C/O JAMES D LAWREY, GEORGE MASON UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY MSN 3E1, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD WIN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 4 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[588:TDEATO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 764KV UT WOS:000188206800013 ER PT J AU Walsh, GC Athanas, MM Salles, LAB Schroder, REW AF Walsh, GC Athanas, MM Salles, LAB Schroder, REW TI Distribution, host range, and climatic constraints on Centistes gasseni (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a South American parasitoid of cucumber beetles, Diabrotica spp. SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CUCURBITACINS; INSECTS; LARVAE AB The genus Diabrotica includes a large number of pest species, including some of the most important crop pests of the Americas. The parasitoid Centistes gasseni Shaw is the first braconid to be described parasitizing Diabrotica in South America, and high natural infestations are reported. Field and experimental observations on the host range, distribution and biology of this parasitoid are described. Centistes gasseni was collected in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina, in a region comprising humid lowlands and highlands, and cool temperate to warm subtropical climates, with regular rainfall in excess of 1300 mm. Three Diabrotica species, D. limitata (Sahlberg), D. speciosa (Germar) and D. viridula (Fabricius) were found to host the parasitoid, with mean percent parasitism of 5.4, 2.0 and 1.0%, respectively. Diabrotica speciosa and D. viridula are the two most important pest Diabrotica species in South America. Laboratory experiments with field-collected beetles and parasitoid cocoons indicated that C. gasseni overwinters in adult host beetles, remaining dormant in its live host below developmental temperatures. A potential distribution of C. gasseni in North America is proposed based on its known climatic range and the distribution of the main pest species of adult overwintering North American Diabrotica. C1 ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, USDA, SABCL, Washington, DC 20521 USA. Agr Res Serv, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Ctr Pesquisa Agropecuaria Clima Temp, BR-96001970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. RP Walsh, GC (reprint author), ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, USDA, SABCL, 3130 Buenos Aires PL, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM gcabrera@speedy.com.ar NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1079/BER2003263 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 761QX UT WOS:000187925300010 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MA AF Jenkins, MA TI Investigating the Haines Index: A simple parcel model SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Jenkins, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1663 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758YD UT WOS:000187678900003 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, GL TI "Rabbit rules" for fire modeling SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1666 EP 1666 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758YD UT WOS:000187678900006 ER PT J AU Nakamoto, RJ Harvey, BC AF Nakamoto, RJ Harvey, BC TI Spatial, seasonal, and size-dependent variation in the diet of Sacramento pikeminnow in the Eel River, northwestern California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS-GRANDIS; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; COLUMBIA RIVER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PREDATION; FISHES; HABITAT; FOOD AB We examined the food habits of 2,077 Sacramento pikeminnow (46550 mm standard length [SL]) collected from the mainstem Eel River and South Fork Eel River, California in 1995 -1997. Fifty-eight percent of the fish contained prey in the upper digestive tract. Sacramento pikeminnow consumed a wide variety of prey; the diversity of individual diets was higher from February - May compared to July - October and higher in the South Fork Eel River than in the mainstem Eel River. The proportion of fish in the diet increased with Sacramento pikeminnow length but diet diversity did not. Sacramento pikeminnow collected from the South Fork Eel River in the late season contained the highest proportion of fish. Predator and prey size were also positively related. In general, Sacramento pikeminnow preyed on lamprey and fishes in proportion to their availability, as estimated by electrofishing collections, but tended to avoid cannibalism. Six percent of the Sacramento pikeminnow containing food in the upper digestive tract had consumed juvenile salmonids. Sacramento pikeminnow were not more abundant where salmonids were present. Predation risk for salmonids may be most significant where the species occur together during low, clear water conditions. For example, 44% of 43 Sacramento pikeminnow > 250 mm SL from our upstream-most collecting site on the South Fork Eel River in August 1995 contained salmonids. In most of our study area, predation risk for outmigrating salmonids may be reduced by high turbidity and the availability of alternative prey. However, strong conclusions about the ability of Sacramento pikeminnow in the Eel River to reduce salmonid populations will require information on food habits when juvenile salmonids are abundant, and population estimates for the predator. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Nakamoto, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 1 BP 30 EP 45 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 699NF UT WOS:000184062300003 ER PT J AU Howe, GT Aitken, SN Neale, DB Jermstad, KD Wheeler, NC Chen, THH AF Howe, GT Aitken, SN Neale, DB Jermstad, KD Wheeler, NC Chen, THH TI From genotype to phenotype: unraveling the complexities of cold adaptation in forest trees SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Plant and Microbe Adaptations to Cold (PMAC 2003) CY MAY 25-29, 2003 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA DE association genetics; cold hardiness; dormancy; genecology; bud phenology; quantitative trait loci ID COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; MENZIESII VAR. MENZIESII; YOUNG PICEA-SITCHENSIS; GENETIC-VARIATION; FROST-HARDINESS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BLACK COTTONWOOD AB Adaptation to winter cold in temperate and boreal trees involves complex genetic, physiological, and developmental processes. Genecological studies demonstrate the existence of steep genetic clines for cold adaptation traits in relation to environmental (mostly temperature related) gradients. Population differentiation is generally stronger for cold adaptation traits than for other quantitative traits and allozymes. Therefore, these traits appear to be under strong natural selection. Nonetheless, high levels of genetic variation persist within populations. The genetic control of cold adaptation traits ranges from weak to strong, with phenological traits having the highest heritabilities. Within-population genetic correlations among traits range from negligible to moderate. Generally, bud phenology and cold hardiness in the fall are genetically uncorrelated with bud phenology and cold hardiness in the spring. Analyses of quantitative trait loci indicate that cold adaptation traits are mostly controlled by multiple genes with small effects and that quantitative trait loci x environment interactions are common. Given this inherent complexity, we suggest that future research should focus on identifying and developing markers for cold adaptation candidate genes, then using multilocus, multiallelic analytical techniques to uncover the relationships between genotype and phenotype at both the individual and population levels. Ultimately, these methods may be useful for predicting the performance of genotypes in breeding programs and for better understanding the evolutionary ecology of forest trees. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Howe, GT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Glenn.Howe@oregonstate.edu NR 163 TC 243 Z9 251 U1 3 U2 96 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1247 EP 1266 DI 10.1139/B03-141 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 774XB UT WOS:000189010700013 ER PT J AU Roberds, JH Strom, BL Hain, FP Gwaze, DP McKeand, SE Lott, LH AF Roberds, JH Strom, BL Hain, FP Gwaze, DP McKeand, SE Lott, LH TI Estimates of genetic parameters for oleoresin and growth traits in juvenile loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RESIN FLOW; BEETLE; SELECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCOLYTIDAE; POPULATION; COLEOPTERA; ATTACK; TRENDS; SLASH AB In southern pines of the United States, resistance to attack by southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is believed to principally involve flow of oleoresin to beetle attack sites. Both environmental and genetic factors are known to affect the quantity of oleoresin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., but little is known about the genetic contribution to phenotypic variation in this trait. Here we report estimates of genetic variation in oleoresin flow and growth traits for a population of this species. Oleoresin yield, total height, and diameter were measured on 10- and 11-year-old trees from an experimental test in Santa Rosa County, Florida. Trees were from 72 full-sib families produced by mating 48 parents according to a disconnected partial diallel mating design. Resin yield was determined from breast-height samples collected at two times: once in the summer of 1999 when latewood was being produced (summer resin flow), and once in the spring of 2000 during earlywood formation (spring resin flow). All traits studied were found to be highly genetically variable and to have much greater additive than dominance variance. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability for spring and summer resin flow were in the moderate range and are comparable to values obtained for the growth traits. Additive genetic correlations between oleoresin yield and the growth traits were positive and moderately high, suggesting that directional selection to improve growth in loblolly pine will also result in increased production of oleoresin. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Roberds, JH (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2469 EP 2476 DI 10.1139/X03-186 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 760UM UT WOS:000187853700019 ER PT J AU Sampson, DA Albaugh, TJ Johnsen, KH Allen, HL Zarnoch, SJ AF Sampson, DA Albaugh, TJ Johnsen, KH Allen, HL Zarnoch, SJ TI Monthly leaf area index estimates from point-in-time measurements and needle phenology for Pinus taeda SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; DYNAMICS; CANOPY; STANDS; LAI-2000; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; NUTRIENT; SLASH AB Leaf area index (LAI) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees of the southern United States varies almost twofold interannually; loblolly pine, essentially, carries two foliage cohorts at peak LAI (September) and one at minimum (March-April). Herein, we present an approach that may be site invariant to estimate monthly LAI for loblolly pine using point-in-time measurements from a LI-COR LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer (PCA). Our analyses used needle accretion and abscission data from monthly needle counts and destructive harvest data from a replicated 2 x 2 factorial experiment of water and nutrition amendments. No significant treatment effects on relative needle accretion or abscission were observed. Cohort (interannual) differences in needle accretion were found but appeared trivial. Cohort year had variable effects on needle abscission. Abscission of current-year foliage began in July and continued through November of the third year; however, only 7%-9% remained 23 months following bud initiation. A treatment-invariable regression of PCA measurements on cohort foliage biomass (r(2) approximately 0.98) was used to estimate annual cohort LAI. We derived monthly estimates of LAI from cohort accretion and abscission and cohort LAI. Monthly estimates of LAI for loblolly pine, using point-in-time measurements from the PCA, appear possible, although further testing is required. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry Cooperat, USDA, Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Sampson, DA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry Cooperat, USDA, Forest Serv,So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2477 EP 2490 DI 10.1139/X03-166 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 760UM UT WOS:000187853700020 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Li, WB Hartung, JS AF Huang, Q Li, WB Hartung, JS TI Association of Xyella fastidiosa with leaf scorch in Japanese beech bonsai SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE bacterial leaf scorch; bonsai; Japanese beech; Fagus crenata; Xylella fastidiosa ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; XYLEM-INHABITING BACTERIA; LIMITED BACTERIA; CAUSAL BACTERIUM; PIERCES DISEASE; PATHOGENICITY; CULTURE; STRAINS; TREES; IDENTIFICATION AB A disorder was recently observed in a 76-year-old Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) bonsai with symptoms including marginal scorch of leaves bordered by a chlorotic halo, as well as a premature leaf browning and defoliation. Leaf midrib extracts from the affected bonsai reacted with an antiserum specific to Xylella fastidiosa in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When the total DNA from the leaf midribs of the affected bonsai was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific to X. fastidiosa, a 472-bp PCR product was detected. The PCR product was confirmed to be the predicted X. fastidiosa product by sequencing and sequence comparison with the reported genomic sequence of X. fastidiosa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent and PCR assays of leaf midrib extracts of a symptomless Japanese beech tree were negative. This is the first report of X. fastidiosa associated with leaf scorch in high-valued bonsai and in beech. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM huangq@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 763LZ UT WOS:000188088600009 ER PT J AU Sequin, ES Jaeger, MM Brussard, PF Barrett, RH AF Sequin, ES Jaeger, MM Brussard, PF Barrett, RH TI Wariness of coyotes to camera traps relative to social status and territory boundaries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID CANIS-LATRANS; ECOLOGICAL FACTORS; SHEEP PREDATION; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; REMOVAL; VULNERABILITY; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB The primary objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of coyote (Canis latrans) wariness particularly as it related to social status. We determined that territory status (controlling alpha, resident beta, or nonterritorial transient) affected vulnerability to photo-capture by infrared-triggered camera systems. All coyotes were wary of cameras, leading to relatively low numbers of photo-captures, most of which occurred at night. Alphas were significantly underrepresented in photographs and were never photo-captured inside their own territories. Betas were photographed inside and outside their territories, whereas transients were most often photographed on edges of territories. Both alphas and betas were photographed more often on territorial edges when outside their territories. We next addressed the question of how alphas were better able to avoid photo-capture. Alphas tracked human activity within their territories and presumably learned the locations of cameras as they were being set up. They did this either by approaching our location directly or by moving to a vantage point from where they could observe us. Betas and transients either withdrew or did not respond to human activity. Trials in which a dog was present were more likely to elicit an approach response from alphas. Avoidance of camera stations and the tracking of human activity implied wariness toward objects or locations resulting from their learned association with human presence rather than neophobia toward the objects themselves. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sequin, ES (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM esequin@unr.nevada.edu NR 45 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 26 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2015 EP 2025 DI 10.1139/Z03-204 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 775YY UT WOS:000189089300012 ER PT J AU Soroker, V Nelson, DR Bahar, O Reneh, S Yablonski, S Palevsky, E AF Soroker, V Nelson, DR Bahar, O Reneh, S Yablonski, S Palevsky, E TI Whitefly wax as a cue for phoresy in the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari : Tarsonemidae) SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broad mite; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; aldehydes; alcohols; phoresy; chemical cues ID TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM; ADULT WHITEFLIES; BEMISIA-TABACI; SURFACE WAX; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; DISPERSAL; LIPIDS AB Broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) exhibits a specific phoretic relationship with whiteflies. Under field conditions most broad mites, caught in sticky traps, are attached to whiteflies. Under laboratory conditions, attachment occurs equally well in the dark and light. Mites do not differentiate between the sexes of their phoretic host Bemisia tabaci. However, mite attachment to B. tabaci is greatly diminished by washing the host with various organic solvents, chloroform in particular. The effect of whitefly waxy particles on broad mite behavior was studied using wax from the whitefly Aleyrodes singularis and from the mealybug Planococcus citri. Broad mites were not only attracted specifically to the A. singularis waxy particles-treated leaf areas but were also attached to leaf trichomes in this area. The results of this study suggests the importance of olfactory cues from the whitefly waxy particles in the recognition process of the phoretic host and/or the induction of the attachment behavior to whitefly legs or leaf trichomes. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, Inst Plant Protect, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Soroker, V (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, Inst Plant Protect, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s00049-003-0243-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746JV UT WOS:000186744000001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZS Griffin, IJ Kriseman, YL Liang, LK Abrams, SA AF Chen, ZS Griffin, IJ Kriseman, YL Liang, LK Abrams, SA TI Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of calcium isotopes in human serum: A low-sample-volume acid-equilibration method SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CHILDREN; ALBUMIN; KINETICS; TRACERS; BINDING; SAAM; PH AB Background: Analytical methods for measuring the calcium isotope distribution in enriched human serum samples that use low blood volumes, simple preparation methods, and rapid analysis are important in clinical studies of calcium kinetics. Previously, sample preparation by oxalate precipitation typically required 500 muL of serum. This method was time-consuming, and the blood volume required was limiting in circumstances when only a small amount of serum could be obtained. Methods: Serum was collected from humans who were administered Ca-42, and 20 muL of serum was mixed with 2 mL of 0.22-0.67 mol/L HNO3 at room temperature for between 1 min and 16 h. The Ca-42/Ca-43 ratio in the supernatant was measured by a magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Calcium isotope ratios from these equilibration solutions were compared with data from oxalate-precipitated serum samples to determine the optimum equilibrium time and the. effect of acid concentration on equilibrium. Results: Various amounts of aggregated particles developed in different acid-serum mixtures. These affected the time required for isotope equilibration in the mixture. The shortest equilibrium time needed for the calcium isotopes varied from 1 to 6 h for samples acidified with 0.22-0.45 mol/L HNO3. Data obtained from these solutions were consistent with data from oxalate-precipitated calcium. The precision of Ca-42/Ca-43 ratio measurements was better than 0.5%. Conclusions: We have developed a simple; rapid sample preparation technique for ICP-MS analysis in which 20 muL of serum can be used for accurate measurement of the calcium isotope distribution in a sample with good precision and a rapid analysis time. (C) 2003 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chen, ZS (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2050 EP 2055 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2003.025692 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 746HW UT WOS:000186741800012 PM 14633877 ER PT J AU Kalluri, P Crowe, C Reller, M Gaul, L Hayslett, J Barth, S Eliasberg, S Ferreira, J Holt, K Bengston, S Hendricks, K Sobel, J AF Kalluri, P Crowe, C Reller, M Gaul, L Hayslett, J Barth, S Eliasberg, S Ferreira, J Holt, K Bengston, S Hendricks, K Sobel, J TI An outbreak of foodborne botulism associated with food sold at a salvage store in Texas SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHEESE AB Foodborne botulism is caused by potent neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum. We investigated a large outbreak of foodborne botulism among church supper attendees in Texas. We conducted a cohort study of attendees and investigated the salvage store that sold the implicated foods. We identified 15 cases of botulism (40%) among 38 church supper attendees. Nine patients (60%) had botulinum toxin type A detected in stool specimens. The diagnosis was delayed in 3 cases. Fifteen (63%) of 24 attendees who ate a chili dish developed botulism (relative risk, undefined; P<.001). The chili dish was prepared with "brand X" or "brand Y" frozen chili, "brand Z" canned chili, and hot dogs. An unopened container of brand X chili yielded type A toxin. Brand X chili was purchased at a salvage store where perishable foods were inadequately refrigerated. Our investigation highlights the need to improve clinicians' awareness of botulism. More rigorous and more unannounced inspections may be necessary to detect food mishandling at salvage stores. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kalluri, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1490 EP 1495 DI 10.1086/379326 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 743LD UT WOS:000186572500010 PM 14614672 ER PT J AU Zhu, J King, T Dobrinsky, J Harkness, L Ferrier, T Bosma, W Schreier, LL Guthrie, HD DeSousa, P Wilmut, I AF Zhu, J King, T Dobrinsky, J Harkness, L Ferrier, T Bosma, W Schreier, LL Guthrie, HD DeSousa, P Wilmut, I TI In vitro and in vivo developmental competence of ovulated and in vitro matured porcine oocytes activated by electrical activation SO CLONING AND STEM CELLS LA English DT Article ID PARTHENOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTOCHALASIN-B; GROWTH-FACTOR; EMBRYOS; MATURATION; PIG; FERTILIZATION; STIMULATION; GENOMES AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of parthenogenetic (parthenote) pig embryos derived from ovulated and in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes. A total of four experiments were carried out. These demonstrated that the mean blastocyst rates from stimulated ovulated and IVM pig oocytes were not significantly different (61% vs. 46%, p > 0.05) following in vitro culture. Both ovulated and IVM pig parthenotes were able to develop in vivo for 30 days. Parthenote fetuses collected 21 and 30 days post estrus were morphologically normal but significantly smaller and lighter than fertilized controls (p < 0.01). IVM pig parthenotes stopped development around 31 days post estrus. C1 Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wilmut, I (reprint author), Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RI De Sousa, Paul/H-7416-2013; Harkness, Linda/A-5654-2017 OI De Sousa, Paul/0000-0003-0745-2504; Harkness, Linda/0000-0002-1648-9301 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1536-2302 J9 CLONING STEM CELLS JI Cloning Stem Cells PD WIN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1089/153623003772032853 PG 11 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 757VN UT WOS:000187582300013 PM 14733753 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Poch, SM AF Richards, MP Poch, SM TI Molecular cloning and expression of the turkey leptin receptor gene SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Function of Marine Organisms: Mechanisms of Adaption to Diverse Environments CY FEB 22-23, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE cytokine; development; gene; leptin; receptor; signal transduction; Turkey ID CHICKEN LEPTIN; MESSENGER-RNA; FOOD-INTAKE; LONG FORM; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS; BINDING DOMAIN; BRAIN; MICE AB A cDNA encoding the long form of the turkey (Meleagris gallopauo) leptin receptor (LEPR) was cloned and sequenced. Turkey LEPR showed greater than 90% sequence identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level with chicken LEPR. The LEPR gene (long form) encodes a protein of 1147 amino acids that has features similar to other LEPRs including: a signal peptide, a single transmembrane domain, and specific conserved motifs defining putative leptin-binding and signal transduction regions of the protein. In addition, a LEPR gene-related protein (LEPR-GRP) mRNA transcript was also identified and a portion of the corresponding cDNA containing the complete coding region was sequenced. The turkey LEPR-GRP gene encodes a 14-kDa (131 amino acids) protein that is distinct from LEPR. LEPR gene expression was quantified relative to P-actin in total RNA samples isolated from various tissues of 3-week-old turkey poults. Expression of LEPR was highest in brain, spleen and lung tissue with lower levels of expression in kidney, pancreas, duodenum, liver, fat and breast muscle. In developing turkey embryos, expression of LEPR was highest in brain tissue throughout incubation (days 14-28). Expression of LEPR in embryonic liver tissue peaked at day 16 and then declined toward hatching (day 28). Yolk sac expression of LEPR declined from day 14 to day 20 and then increased toward hatching. Our findings clearly demonstrate the expression of LEPR and LEPR-GRP in different tissues during embryonic and post-hatch development. In conclusion, this is the first report to identify and characterize LEPR and LEPR-GRP gene homologues in the domestic turkey. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Room 206,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 136 IS 4 BP 833 EP 847 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00260-4 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 755AV UT WOS:000187366400021 PM 14662306 ER PT J AU He, ZL Calvert, DV Alva, AK Li, YC Stoffella, PJ Banks, DJ AF He, ZL Calvert, DV Alva, AK Li, YC Stoffella, PJ Banks, DJ TI Nitrogen transformation and ammonia volatilization from biosolids and compost applied to calcareous soil SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID AFFECT VEGETABLE CROPS; FIELD INCUBATION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB One benefit of the use of composts and biosolids in agriculture is their nitrogen supplying capacity. Redeposition of ammonia volatilized from surface applied composts and biosolids may contaminate surface water and sandy soils. Laboratory incubation studies were conducted to quantify NH3 volatilization from a West Palm cocompost (WPCC) and biosolids (BSD) either surface applied or soil incorporated and to determine the relationship between NH3 volatilization and nitrogen mineralization. Such information is required to formulate guidelines for field application of composts or biosolids. Ammonia volatilization from the WPCC- or BSD amended soil was closely related to nitrogen mineralization and application method. More NH3 was volatilized from the BSD than the WPCC, which likely resulted from higher total N concentration and lower C/N ratio of the BSD. Nitrogen volatilization losses were greater with surface application than with soil incorporation. The amounts of NH3-N volatilized during an 180-d incubation period accounted for 18% and 23% of the total mineralized N for the surface applied BSD and WPCC, respectively. Soil incorporation increased nitrogen mineralization by more than 60% in the BSD and by 8-fold in the WPCC, but reduced NH3 volatilization by 5- and 150-fold, respectively for the BSD and WPCC. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. ARS, USDA, PWA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009; He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 654RN UT WOS:000181510000009 ER PT J AU Thawornwong, S Occena, LG Schmoldt, DL AF Thawornwong, S Occena, LG Schmoldt, DL TI Lumber value differences from reduced CT spatial resolution and simulated log sawing SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Image Processing and Scanning of Wood CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL MT LAKE, VIRGINIA DE CT spatial resolution; primary hardwood processing; sawing simulation; lumber value ID WOOD AB In the past few years, computed tomography (CT) scanning technology has been applied to the detection of internal defects in hardwood logs for the purpose of obtaining a priori information that can be used to arrive at better log sawing decisions. Because sawyers currently cannot even see the inside of a log until the log faces are revealed by sawing, there is little perceived need to obtain scan images as detailed as those obtained in medical CT imaging. Yet, CT scanner speed and the usefulness of CT data for decision-making are dependent on the spatial resolution of scans. Spatial resolution is a function of three factors: physical pixel size, scan thickness, and scan frequency (pitch). A 3 x 2(3) factorial experiment was designed with two levels for each of these three factors, to test their effect on lumber values. Three hypothetical logs corresponding to three hardwood log grades were simulation-scanned, then simulation-sawed by a human operator using a modified Malcolm opening face heuristic. Log grade affected lumber value recovery as expected, although reduced spatial resolution (by doubling the pitch, thickness, and pixel size) exhibited no discernible pattern in our statistical tests for effects. Volume recovery for below grade boards was predicted very accurately by size, thickness, and pitch-size. The greatest opportunity for lumber value recovery improvement using information-augmented sawing appears to be in grade #2 logs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Engn Management, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. USDA, CSREES, PAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Occena, LG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, E3437 Engn Bldg E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Occena, Luis/M-5447-2015 OI Occena, Luis/0000-0002-1494-8666 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00040-1 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 743TC UT WOS:000186588800003 ER PT J AU Sarigul, E Abbott, AL Schmoldt, DL AF Sarigul, E Abbott, AL Schmoldt, DL TI Rule-driven defect detection in CT images of hardwood logs SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Image Processing and Scanning of Wood CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL MT LAKE, VIRGINIA DE rule-based analysis; morphological image processing; defect detection; wood processing ID FEATURES; WOOD AB This paper deals with automated detection and identification of internal defects in hardwood logs using computed tomography (CT) images. We have developed a system that employs artificial neural networks (ANNs) to perform tentative classification of logs on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This approach achieves a high level of classification accuracy for several hardwood species (northern red oak, Quercus rubra, L., water oak, Q. nigra, L., yellow poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera, L., and black cherry, Prunus serotina, Ehrh.), and three common defect types (knots, splits, and decay). Although the results are very satisfactory statistically, a subjective examination reveals situations that could be refined in a subsequent post-processing step. We are currently developing a rule-based, contextual approach to region refinement that augments the initial emphasis on local information. The resulting rules are domain dependent, utilizing information that depends on region shape and type of defect. For example splits tend to be long and narrow, and this knowledge can be used to merge smaller, disjoint regions that have tentatively been labeled as splits. Similarly, image regions that represent knots, decay, and clear wood can be refined by removing small, spurious regions and by smoothing the boundaries of these regions. Mathematical morphology operators can be used for most of these tasks. This paper provides details concerning the domain-dependent rules by which morphology operators are chosen, and for merging results from different operations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, US Forest Serv, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Abbott, AL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00046-2 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 743TC UT WOS:000186588800009 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Abbott, AL Schmoldt, DL AF Lee, SM Abbott, AL Schmoldt, DL TI Surface shape analysis of rough lumber for wane detection SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Image Processing and Scanning of Wood CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL MT LAKE, VIRGINIA DE hardwood; wane detection; shape estimation ID SEGMENTATION AB The initial breakdown of hardwood logs into lumber produces boards with rough surfaces. These boards contain wane (missing wood that emanates from the log exterior, often containing residual bark) that is removed by edge and trim cuts prior to sale. Because hardwood lumber value is determined based on board size and quality, knowledge of wane position and defects is essential for selecting cuts that maximize profit. We have developed a system that uses structured light to obtain profile (thickness) images of unplaned boards, in addition to gray-scale images for defect detection. The focus of this paper is to describe a new approach for detecting wane boundaries through the analysis of these profile images. The problem is difficult because bark and other debris adversely affect the laser-based imaging process, and because variations in surface reflectance also cause inaccuracies in the measured thickness values. The problem is compounded by the need to perform wane detection rapidly in a manufacturing environment. The method that we have developed relies on a combination of column-wise image statistics, selective smoothing, and the analysis of surface shape. Initial wane edge estimates that are obtained using the smoothed image are then refined by analysis of the original image data. The paper provides a quantitative evaluation that indicates a dramatic improvement over traditional thresholding techniques. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00047-4 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 743TC UT WOS:000186588800010 ER PT J AU Kline, DE Surak, C Araman, PA AF Kline, DE Surak, C Araman, PA TI Automated hardwood lumber grading utilizing a multiple sensor machine vision technology SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Image Processing and Scanning of Wood CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL MT LAKE, VA DE lumber grading; multiple-sensor scanning; fuzzy logic AB Over the last 10 years, scientists at the Thomas M. Brooks Forest Products Center, the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the USDA Forest Service have been working on lumber scanning systems that can accurately locate and identify defects in hardwood lumber. Current R&D efforts are targeted toward developing automated lumber grading technologies. The objective of this work is to evaluate hardwood lumber grading accuracy based on current state-of-the-art multiple sensor scanning technology, which uses laser profile detectors, color cameras, and an X-ray scanner. Eighty-nine red oak boards were scanned and graded using Virginia Tech's multiple sensor scanning system. The same boards were also manually graded on a normal production line. Precise board grade was determined by manually digitizing the boards for actual board defects. A certified National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA) employed lumber inspector then graded the lumber to establish a certified market value of the lumber. the lumber grading system was found to be 63% accurate in classifying board grade on a board-by-board basis. While this accuracy may seem low, the automated lumber grading system was found to be 31% more accurate than the line graders, which were found to be 48% accurate. Further; the automated lumber grading system estimated lumber value to within less than 6% of the NHLA certified value, whereas the line grader overestimated the lumber value by close to 20%. Most automated lumber grading discrepancies resulted from board geometry related issues (e.g. board crook, surface measure rounding, calculation of cutting units, etc.). Concerning the multiple sensor scanning system, defect recognition improvements should focus on better methods to differentiate surface discoloration from critical grading defects. These results will help guide the development of future scanning hardware and image processing software to more accurately identify lumber grading features. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Composite Panel Assoc, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Thomas M Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, 1650 Ramble Rd,Mail Code 0503, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kline@vt.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1-3 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00048-6 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 743TC UT WOS:000186588800011 ER PT J AU Rappole, JH King, DI Rivera, JHV AF Rappole, JH King, DI Rivera, JHV TI Coffee and conservation III: Reply to Philpott and Dietsch SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 203, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Estac Biol Chamela, Inst Biol, San Patricio 22630, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1847 EP 1849 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00207.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 748PF UT WOS:000186869700043 ER PT J AU Lepofsky, D Heyerdahl, EK Lertzman, K Schaepe, D Mierendorf, B AF Lepofsky, D Heyerdahl, EK Lertzman, K Schaepe, D Mierendorf, B TI Historical meadow dynamics in southwest British Columbia: a multidisciplinary analysis SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREE INVASION; NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST; FIRE; WASHINGTON; OREGON; MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE; CASCADES; AMERICA AB The recent encroachment of woody species threatening many western North American meadows has been attributed to diverse factors. We used a suite of methods in Chittenden Meadow, Southwestern British Columbia, Canada, to identify the human, ecological, and physical factors responsible for its historical dynamics and current encroachment by woody vegetation. We evaluated three hypotheses about the origin and processes maintaining the meadow: the meadow is (1) of recent human origin; (2) of ancient human origin, maintained by aboriginal burning; and (3) of ancient non-human origin, not maintained by aboriginal burning. Our data supported the idea that the meadow had ancient non-human origins and its recent history and current status have resulted from complex interactions among landform, climate, and fire. Soil properties (both horizonation and charcoal content) indicate that the meadow is of ancient, non-human origin. Tree ages in the meadow and surrounding forest indicate that encroachment is recent, not related to a variety of recent human activities, and is probably a result of increasing spring temperature and decreasing spring snow depth. Although ethnographic surveys and historical documents revealed indigenous use of the general area over millennia, including the use of fire as a management tool, we found little direct evidence of indigenous use of the meadow. However, there was no proxy record of fire frequency in the meadow that we could have used to determine the role of fire in maintaining the meadow in the past, or the role of humans in igniting those fires. Thus, the historical role of humans in the maintenance of the meadow by prescribed fire remains indeterminate. Based on these conclusions, we combined hypotheses (2) and (3) into an a posteriori hypothesis that reflects changing interactions among people, fire, and climate over time. Without management intervention, we expect that tree encroachment will continue. Several general lessons emerge from our study of Chittenden Meadow. A single modem ecosystem condition may result from diverse antecedents, but ecosystems may not carry a memory of all the processes driving their historical dynamics. The historical role of indigenous reource management activities may be one such process: despite millennia of human occupation and resource use in the region, local First Nations left only a light footprint on Chittenden Meadow. Finally, there is value and challenge in integrating data and perspectives from different disciplines. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. N Cascades Natl Pk Serv Complex, Sedro Woolley, WA USA. RP Lepofsky, D (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 7 IS 3 AR 5 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855HE UT WOS:000223963100007 ER PT J AU Tainter, JA Allen, TFH Little, A Hoekstra, TW AF Tainter, JA Allen, TFH Little, A Hoekstra, TW TI Resource transitions and energy gain: Contexts of organization SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEAVER; ANTS; COMPLEXITY; ECOLOGY; SUSTAINABILITY; PATTERNS; WORLD AB Energy gain constrains resource use, social organization, and landscape organization in human and other living systems. Changes in energy gain have common characteristics across living systems. We describe these commonalities in selected case studies involving imperial taxation, fungus-farming ants, and North American beaver, and propose a suite of hypotheses for the organization of systems that subsist on different levels of energy gain. Organizational constraints arising from energy gain predict changes to settlement and organization in postcarbon societies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Inventory & Monitoring Inst, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Tainter, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 12 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 7 IS 3 AR 4 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855HE UT WOS:000223963100004 ER PT J AU Wade, TG Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Jones, KB AF Wade, TG Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Jones, KB TI Distribution and causes of global forest fragmentation SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL AMAZONIA; UNITED-STATES; DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE; SCALES; CARBON AB Because human land uses tend to expand over time, forests that share a high proportion of their borders with anthropogenic uses are at higher risk of further degradation than forests that share a high proportion of their borders with non-forest, natural land cover (e.g., wetland). Using 1-km advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite-based land cover, we present a method to separate forest fragmentation into natural and anthropogenic components, and report results for all inhabited continents summarized by World Wildlife Fund biomes. Globally, over half of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome and nearly one quarter of the tropical rainforest biome have been fragmented or removed by humans, as opposed to only 4% of the boreal forest. Overall, Europe had the most human-caused fragmentation and South America the least. This method may allow for improved risk assessments and better targeting for protection and remediation by identifying areas with high amounts of human-caused fragmentation. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wade, TG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 31 TC 108 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 47 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 AR 7 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779NY UT WOS:000189307800003 ER PT J AU Whiting, PJ King, JG AF Whiting, PJ King, JG TI Surface particle sizes on armoured gravel streambeds: Effects of supply and hydraulics SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE armour; sediment supply; sediment transport; gravel ID BED-LOAD; CHANNEL; RIVERS; VELOCITY; LAYER; FLOW AB Most gravel-bed streams exhibit a surface armour in which the median grain size of the surface particles is coarser than that of the subsurface particles. This armour has been interpreted to result when the supply of sediment is less than the ability of the stream to move sediment. While there may be certain sizes in the bed for which the,supply is less than the ability of the stream to transport these sizes, for other sizes of particles the supply may match or even exceed the ability of the channel to transport these particles. These sizes of particles are called 'supply-limited' and 'hydraulically limited' in their transport, respectively, and can be differentiated in dimensionless sediment transport rating curves by size fractions. The supply- and hydraulically limited sizes can be distinguished also by comparing the size of particles of the surface and subsurface. Those sizes that are supply-limited are winnowed from the bed and are under-represented in the surface layer. Progressive truncation of the surface and subsurface size distributions from the fine end and recalculation until the size distributions are similar (collapse), establishes the break between supply- and hydraulically limited sizes. At sites along 12 streams in Idaho ranging in drainage area from about 100 to 4900 km(2), sediment transport rating curves by size class and surface and subsurface size distributions were examined. The break between sizes that were supply- and hydraulically limited as determined by examination of the transport rate and surface and subsurface size distributions was similar. The collapse size as described by its percentile in the cumulative size distribution averaged D-36 of the surface and D-73 of the subsurface. The discharge at which the collapse size began to move averaged 88 per cent of bankfull discharge. The collapse size decreased as bed load yield increased and increased with the degree of selective transport. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Whiting, PJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 13 BP 1459 EP 1471 DI 10.1002/esp.1049 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 759YA UT WOS:000187781400007 ER PT J AU Railsback, SF Stauffer, HB Harvey, BC AF Railsback, SF Stauffer, HB Harvey, BC TI What can habitat preference models tell us? Tests using a virtual trout population SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE complexity; habitat modeling; habitat preference; habitat quality; habitat selection; individual-based model; trout; virtual ecology ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; CARRYING-CAPACITY; STREAM; SELECTION; CLARKI; SALMON; POOLS; RULES; SCALE AB Habitat selection ("preference") models are widely used to manage fish and wildlife. Their use assumes that (1) habitat with high animal densities (highly selected habitat) is high quality habitat, and low densities indicate low quality habitat; and (2) animal populations respond positively to the availability of highly selected habitat. These assumptions are increasingly questioned but very difficult to test. We evaluated these assumptions in an individual-based model (IBM) of stream trout that reproduces many natural complexities and habitat selection behaviors. Trout in the IBM select habitat to maximize their potential fitness, a function of growth potential (including food competition) and mortality risks. We know each habitat cell's intrinsic habitat quality, the fitness potential a trout in the cell would experience in the absence of competition. There was no strong relation between fitness potential and the density of fish in the IBM; cells where fitness potential was high but density low were common for all age classes, and fitness potential was not proportional to density. This result was consistent at high and low abundance and high and low overall habitat quality. We developed a statistical model of trout density observed in the IBM as a function of the four habitat variables that vary among cells. We then tested the ability of modeled mean density to predict population response to habitat changes resulting from stream flow modification. Modeled density partially explained population response to flow, but only at flows near the flow at which the density model was developed, and not for groups (e.g., juveniles) experiencing strong competition for habitat. Modeled density predicted population response opposite that observed for age-0 trout and incorrectly predicted response of all age classes to major changes in flow. These results make sense if habitat selection is understood as an emergent property of (1) the mechanisms by which habitat affects fitness, (2) habitat availability, (3) population abundance and size structure, and (4) how, individuals compete with each other. We identified eight reasons why animal density may not reflect habitat quality and several inherent limitations of habitat selection modeling. C1 Lang Railsback & associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Railsback, SF (reprint author), Lang Railsback & associates, 250 Calif Ave, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1594 DI 10.1890/02-5051 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400008 ER PT J AU Goebel, PC Palik, BJ Pregitzer, KS AF Goebel, PC Palik, BJ Pregitzer, KS TI Plant diversity contributions of riparian areas in watersheds of the Northern Lake States, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE floodplain; fluvial landforms; forested-watershed plant diversity; Northern Lake States, USA; plant diversity; riparian areas and species richness; riparian management zone; species-area curves; stream-valley morphology; watershed management ID SPECIES RICHNESS; VEGETATION; FOREST; STREAM; MANAGEMENT; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; FLOODPLAINS; PERSPECTIVE; LANDSCAPE AB In most forested watersheds, riparian areas constitute a small proportion,of the total land area, yet their contributions to overall plant diversity can be significant. However, little information is available on which portion of riparian areas (defined as functional ecotones comprising all fluvial landforms, including floodplains, terraces, and connecting hillslopes) contribute the most to plant species richness and at what scale these contributions are most evident. In order to better understand the contributions riparian areas provide to plant species richness in forested watersheds, we examined herbaceous ground-flora richness and similarity from 56 reaches in eight different valley types (defined as unique combinations of stream order, surficial geology, and stream-valley constraint) across the northern Lake States, USA. We analyzed these data at two scales: (1) at the individual reach scale; and (2) at the watershed scale by pooling individual reaches by valley type. At the reach scale and regardless of valley type, there is not significant (<50%) species similarity among landforms; however, levels of species richness are not significantly different among the floodplain, terrace-slope complex landforms (e.g., terraces, connecting hillslopes), and adjacent uplands. This suggests that individual reaches (representing an individual riparian area) may not provide significant contributions to overall plant species richness. However, when individual reaches are pooled by valley type, the floodplains are almost always more species rich than the terrace-slope complex and upland landforms, suggesting that the environmental heterogeneity associated with a variety of individual reaches can be responsible for greater species richness provided by. riparian areas at the watershed level. Our results also suggest that floodplains are not the only riparian landform that adds significantly to the overall plant diversity of watersheds, especially in areas with broad, unconstrained valleys. In these systems, the terrace-slope complex landforms comprising a series of broad fluvial terraces and connecting slopes have significantly higher species richness than the adjacent uplands. Consequently, it is apparent that, to maintain plant diversity at'both local and regional levels, efforts should focus on all fluvial landforms of the riparian area, not just their floodplains. This is particularly relevant when management of riparian areas uses fixed-width riparian management zones (RMZs). In our study areas, 33 m-wide RMZs (the recommended width in each of our study,states) often failed to include fluvial landforms beyond the floodplain. The consequence is that areas of increased species richness and/or unique plant assemblages in the watershed may receive inadequate protection during forest-management operations. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Goebel, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1609 DI 10.1890/01-5314 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400009 ER PT J AU Lenihan, JM Drapek, R Bachelet, D Neilson, RP AF Lenihan, JM Drapek, R Bachelet, D Neilson, RP TI Climate change effects on vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire in California SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California, USA; catbon; climate change; dynamic vegetation model; fire; vegetation; distribution ID UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; SIMULATION AB The objective of this study was to dynamically simulate the response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to the historical climate and to two contrasting scenarios of climate change in California. The results of the simulations for the historical climate compared favorably to independent estimates and observations, but validation of the results was complicated by the lack of land use effects in the model. The response to increasing temperatures under both scenarios was characterized by a shift in dominance from needle-leaved to broad-leaved life-forms and by increases in vegetation productivity, especially in the relatively cool and mesic regions of the state. The simulated response to changes in precipitation were complex, involving not only the effect of changes in soil moisture on vegetation productivity, but also changes in tree-grass competition mediated by fire. Summer months were warmer and persistently dry under both scenarios, so the trends in simulated fire area under both scenarios were primarily a response to changes in vegetation biomass. Total ecosystem carbon increased under both climate scenarios, but, the proportions allocated to the wood and grass carbon pools differed. The results of the simulations underscore the potentially large impact of climate change on California ecosystems, and the need for further use and development of dynamic vegetation models using various ensembles of climate change scenarios. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lenihan, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 40 TC 157 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1681 DI 10.1890/025295 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400014 ER PT J AU Baker, PJ AF Baker, PJ TI Tree age estimation for the tropics: A test from the southern appalachians SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE age estimation; appalachian forest; southern; crown class; model testing; periodic annual increment; stand dynamics; suppression; temperate forests; tropical forests ID CROWN CLASS; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; CANOPY RECRUITMENT; FOREST SUCCESSION; SHADE TOLERANCE; RAIN-FOREST; GROWTH; CONNECTICUT; SUPPRESSION; SURVIVAL AB The lack of annual growth rings in the majority of tropical tree species greatly limits our understanding of the long-term dynamics of tropical forests. To address this problem, several methods have been developed to estimate the age of tropical trees from diameter growth data. These past approaches, however, suffer from two major flaws: (1) they assume a deterministic age-size relationship for a tree species, and (2) they have not been verified with independently derived age data. In this paper, I present a new approach that uses diameter growth rates, independent of tree size, that are stratified by crown class to estimate the age of individual trees. Past approaches have assumed that when present-day canopy trees were juveniles they grew at rate's similar to conspecifics currently in the understory. In contrast, the crown class model assumes that present-day canopy trees have grown at rates similar to conspecifics in the same crown class, irrespective of size, throughout ontogeny. The crown class model was compared to a periodic annual increment (PAI) model typical of past approaches in mixed oak-hardwood forest in the southern Appalachians, USA. Tree ages were obtained independently from tree cores from three stands of differing age structure. Comparisons between the two models were made for species' population age structures (independent of stands) and stand age structures (independent of species). Age estimation errors for the crown class model were lowest for relatively shade-intolerant species such as yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), but increased with the increasing shade tolerance of the species. The PAI model followed the opposite, pattern, providing the most accurate age estimates for shade-tolerant species. These results were consistent with the underlying ecological assumptions of each model. When predicted age distributions for individual stands were compared to the true age distributions, the PAI approach had higher estimation errors than the crown class model in almost every case. In addition, the PAI model had a strong tendency to overestimate tree ages. A mixed model that used crown class age estimates for shade-intolerant species and PAI model age estimates for shade-tolerant species generated the most accurate estimates of stand age distribution. The results of this study suggest new opportunities for the study of long-term dynamics in tropical forests and underscore the importance and utility of validating models with independent data. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baker, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1718 EP 1732 DI 10.1890/02-5025 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400017 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Miller, JR Wiens, JA AF Bestelmeyer, BT Miller, JR Wiens, JA TI Applying species diversity theory to land management SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; competition; conservation; dispersal limitation; geographic range; habitat selection; land management; landscape ecology; macroecology; natural resources management; species diversity ID DESERT GRASSLANDS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; FOREST; BIODIVERSITY AB Many theories, hypotheses, and empirical studies seek to explain patterns of species richness, turnover, and distribution/abundance (i.e., diversity patterns) at various scales, but it is often not clear how these ideas relate to one another, or how they apply across scales. Consequently, it has been difficult to use diversity theory as a basis for understanding patterns at the intermediate (landscape) scales at which biodiversity is managed. Here, we present a framework for the study and management of diversity based on the ecological processes that influence the distribution of species at different scales. We use this framework to organize diversity theories into several classes based upon how the theories link patterns of habitat occupancy, landscape distribution, and geographic range for a variety of taxa. The processes contributing to diversity patterns depend on the characteristics of the taxa considered, the spatial scales at which organisms respond to environment, and the scales and other characteristics of the particular environments in which investigators hope to explain variation in diversity. At the scales traditionally considered by land managers and conservation biologists, biodiversity is determined by processes addressed by several bodies of theory. Of necessity, management decisions aimed at biodiversity as a whole are based either implicitly or explicitly on only a subset of biodiversity (e.g., single species or functional groups). We suggest that the translation of diversity theory into conservation practice can be achieved, at present, by considering a set of questions for each case: (1) which groups of organisms will be considered, (2) how do their domains of scale relate to the land area under consideration, (3) what processes are likely to be important determinants of species distribution at management scales, and (4) how will the proposed management activities interact with these processes? We illustrate this process using an example from the Chihuahuan Desert. We emphasize the value of considering species diversity theories in a pluralistic and case-specific way. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 97 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1750 EP 1761 DI 10.1890/02-5089 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400019 ER PT J AU Teel, PD Corson, MS Grant, WE Longnecker, MT AF Teel, PD Corson, MS Grant, WE Longnecker, MT TI Simulating biophysical and human factors that affect detection probability of cattle-fever ticks (Boophilus spp.) in semi-arid thornshrublands of South Texas SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; Boophilus annulatus; cattle-fever ticks; cattle inspection; detection probability; simulation modeling ID PARASITE-LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS; ROTATIONAL GRAZING SYSTEMS; SP POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MICROPLUS CANESTRINI; RESISTANCE; INFESTATIONS; PROGRAMS; IXODIDAE; HABITAT; MODELS AB We modified an existing simulation model to evaluate detection of cattle-fever ticks (Boophilus annulatus and Boophilus microplus) infesting rangeland in the semi-arid thornshrublands of south Texas. This model contained submodels representing (1) tick development in a pasture and (2) tick development on one cow; we added a third submodel that calculated the probability of tick detection on a herd of cattle by human inspectors. This detection submodel randomly distributed ticks to each cow in the herd from a normal distribution with a mean equal to the number of ticks of detectable size predicted by the submodel of tick development on one cow. We controlled biophysical factors such as habitat type, starting season, number of ticks initially infesting the system, number of cows examined, and a human factor, ability of inspectors to detect ticks on individual cows. We simulated all combinations of factors to estimate their combined effect on the probability of detection over a 2-year period under continuous grazing. Results showed the predominant influence of biophysical factors: season of initiation had the largest influence on tick populations (and hence, subsequent detection probabilities), followed by habitat type and level of initial tick infestation. Detectable populations of ticks occurred in fall-initiated simulations in grass only at infestations beginning with greater than or equal to250 larvae per animal, while in mesquite detectable populations occurred with initial infestations greater than or equal to50 larvae per animal. In contrast, detectable populations occurred in spring-initiated simulations initiated with as few as 10 larvae per animal in both grass- and mesquite-dominated pastures. Mean percentage of potential detection days in which simulated inspectors successfully detected ticks ranged from 0 to 99.9% depending on the number of animals inspected and level of detection probability evaluated. The distribution of days in which ticks remained detectable varied with the dynamics of each combination of factors and illustrated that opportunities for detection are not evenly distributed in time. Variation of the human factor, the curve used to estimate ability of inspectors to detect ticks on individual cows, suggest that human detection abilities usually have a relatively minor influence on detection probabilities. Human detection ability, however, becomes more important when on-host tick populations reach low levels or when few cattle are inspected. At these times, increased detection abilities yield windows of detection that otherwise would not exist. These simulations provide the first analysis of tick detection in scenarios under U.S. conditions, and results confirm the concerns regulatory agencies express regarding early detection of cattle-fever ticks. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Teel, PD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 170 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.05.002 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 748HZ UT WOS:000186857600003 ER PT J AU Gove, JH AF Gove, JH TI Moment and maximum likelihood estimators for Weibull distributions under length- and area-biased sampling SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE horizontal point sampling; point relascope sampling; probability proportional to size; size-biased distributions; weighted distributions ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS AB Many of the most popular sampling schemes used in forestry are probability proportional to size methods. These methods are also referred to as size-biased because sampling is actually from a weighted form of the underlying population distribution. Length- and area-biased sampling are special cases of size-biased sampling where the probability weighting comes from a lineal or areal function of the random variable of interest, respectively. Often, interest is in estimating a parametric probability density of the data. In forestry, the Weibull function has been used extensively for such purposes. Estimating equations for method of moments and maximum likelihood for two- and three-parameter Weibull distributions are presented. Fitting is illustrated with an example from an area-biased angle-gauge sample of standing trees in a woodlot. Finally, some specific points concerning the form of the size-biased densities are reported. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640,271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1023/A:1026000505636 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 727FH UT WOS:000185646900005 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Smith, HT Shwiff, SA Constantin, B Woolard, J Nelson, M Griffin, D AF Engeman, RM Smith, HT Shwiff, SA Constantin, B Woolard, J Nelson, M Griffin, D TI Prevalence and economic value of feral swine damage to native habitat in three Florida state parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alien species; benefit-costs; damage estimation; economic analysis; exotic species; feral hogs; feral pigs; invasive species AB Feral swine (Sus scrofa) adversely affect the environment in many of the places where they have been introduced. Such is the case in Florida, but quantification and economic evaluation of the damage can provide objective bases for developing strategies to protect habitats. Swine damage to native wet pine-flatwoods at three state parks in Florida was monitored from winter 2002 to winter 2003. Economic valuations of damage were based on the US dollar amounts that wetland regulators have allowed permit applicants to spend in attempts to replace lost resources. The parks had different swine management histories and the damage patterns differed among them over time. Swine were intensively removed in 2000 from the first park, and it initially had the lowest habitat damage at 1.3%, but as a result of natural and artificial population growth this damage rose to 5.4% by the conclusion of the study, and was valued at USS 19 193-36 498 ha(-1). The second park had no history of swine harvest and, over the monitoring period, damage escalated from 2.6%-6.4%, with an associated value of US$ 22 747-43 257 ha(-1). Swine were managed as game animals in the third park prior to its inclusion into the state parks system in 2000. Within this park, the proportion of area damaged decreased from 4.3%-1.5%, valued at US$5331-10138 ha(-1). This decrease may be a result of human activities associated with development of the park's infrastructure causing dispersal of animals conditioned to avoid humans by hunting. Damage was highly scattered in each park, as evidenced by a much higher proportion of sampling sites showing damage than the actual proportion of land area damaged. The dispersed nature of small amounts of damage would increase the effort required to recover habitat and thus damage value estimates are probably conservative. It was also impossible to incorporate values for such contingencies as swine impact to state and federally listed endangered plants in the parks, some of which are found nowhere else in the world. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Florida Pk Service, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. Jonathan Dickinson State Pk, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. Savannas Preserve State Pk, Jensen Beach, FL 34957 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 34 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1017/S037689290300033X PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 771XV UT WOS:000188812100002 ER PT J AU Harris, JW Harbo, JR Villa, JD Danka, RG AF Harris, JW Harbo, JR Villa, JD Danka, RG TI Variable population growth of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) in colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) during a 10-year period SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE varroa mites; growth rate; exponential growth; honey bees ID APIS-MELLIFERA COLONIES; JACOBSONI OUD; NON-REPRODUCTION; WORKER BROOD; HIVE DEBRIS; MITE; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; DRONE AB We measured significant variation in the instantaneous growth rates for varroa mites, Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) from 1993 to 2002 in Baton Rouge, LA. Mite population growth was monitored in colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., with queens from miscellaneous U.S. sources that had not been selectively bred for varroa resistance. Mite populations were measured at the beginning and end of short field tests that started in the late spring of each year. Analyses of multiple regression showed that only the first two of the following regressors were linear predictors of r, the instantaneous growth rate: 1) percentage of reproducing female mites, 2) proportion of total mites in capped brood, 3) mortality of mites in brood cells, 4) growth of the bee population, 5) capped brood area at the end of a test, and 6) duration of the test. Analysis of commonality indicated that the percentage of reproducing female mites explained approximate to26% of the total variation in r, and the proportion of total mites in capped brood explained 6%. The joint expression of both variables accounted for another 4%. Thus, residual error reflected most of the total variation in r, which suggested possible climatic or environmental effects on mite growth. The lowest growth rates occurred in three consecutive years of drought in Louisiana. Measures of ambient temperature and relative humidity correlated to growth of mite populations among different years. Reduced growth rates were probably the result of diminished reproductive rates by varroa mites during periods of hot and dry weather. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1312 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 766YU UT WOS:000188412000003 ER PT J AU Aluja, M Rull, J Sivinski, J Norrbom, AL Wharton, RA Macias-Ordonez, R Diaz-Fleischer, F Lopez, M AF Aluja, M Rull, J Sivinski, J Norrbom, AL Wharton, RA Macias-Ordonez, R Diaz-Fleischer, F Lopez, M TI Fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera : Tephritidae) and associated native parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in the tropical rainforest biosphere reserve of Montes Azules, Chiapas, Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tephritidae; Anastrepha; host-plant relationships; parasitoids; conservation ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; SPECIES DIPTERA; MANGO ORCHARDS; HOST-PLANT; COMPETITION; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; VERACRUZ; HOTSPOTS AB We report the results of a 2-yr survey that determined some of the host plant and parasitoid associations of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the "Montes Azules" tropical rainforest biosphere reserve (State of Chiapas, Mexico). We collected a total of 57.38 kg of fruit representing 47 native species from 23 plant families. of these, 13 plant species from eight plant families were found to be native hosts of 9 species of Anastrepha. The following Anastrepha host associations were observed: Bellucia pentamera Naudin (Melastomataceae) with A. coronilli Carrejo y Gonzalez; Malmea gaumeri (Greenm.) Lundell (Annonaceae) with A. bahiensis Lima; Tabernamontana alba Mill. (Apocynaceae) with A. cordata Aldrich; Quararibea yunckeri Standl. (Bombacaceae) with A. crebra Stone; Ampelocera hottlei (Standl.) Standl. (Ulmaceae) with A. obliqua (Macquart) and A. fraterculus (Wiedemann); Zuelania guidonia Britton and Millsp. and Casearia tremula (Griseb.) Griseb. ex C. Wright (Flacourtaceae) with A. zuelaniae Stone; Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg.) Nied (Myrtaceae) with A. fraterculus; Psidium guajava L. and P. sartorianum (Myrtaceae) with A. striata Schiner; and Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen, Pouteria sp., Bumelia sebolana Lundell, and Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre (Sapotaceae) with A. seirpentina (Wiedemann). The following are new host plant records: Malmea gaumeri for A. bahiensis; Quararibea yunckeri for A. crebra; Ampelocera hottlei for A. fraterculus and A. obliqua; Bumelia sebolana for A. serpentina; and Casearia tremula for A. zuelaniae. A. coronilli is reported for the first time in Mexico. Infestation levels were variable and ranged between 0 and 1.63 larvae/g of fruit depending on host species. Larvae of eight species of Anastrepha on nine plant species from six plant families were found to be parasitized by Doryctobracon areolatus Szepligeti, D. crawfordi Viereck, D. zeteki Musebeck (new report for Mexico and northernmost record for the species), Opius hirtus Fisher, Utetes anastrephae Viereck (all Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Aganaspis pelleranoi Brethes (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). Percent parasitism ranged from 0 to 76.5%. We discuss our findings in light of their practical (e.g., biological control) and theoretical (e.g., species radiation) implications and highlight the importance of these types of studies given the rampant deforestation of tropical forests in Latin America and the risk of extinction of rare fruit fly species that could shed light on the evolution of host plant and parasitoid associations within the genus Anastrepha. C1 Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA, SEL, US Natl Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM alujam@ecologia.edu.mx RI Macias-Ordonez, Rogelio/E-8286-2010; Diaz-Fleischer, Francisco/N-1275-2016 OI Macias-Ordonez, Rogelio/0000-0003-1101-6289; Diaz-Fleischer, Francisco/0000-0003-2137-6587 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1385 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 766YU UT WOS:000188412000012 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Mullinix, BG AF Tillman, PG Mullinix, BG TI Effect of prey species on plant feeding behavior by the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Heteroptera : Geocoridae), on cotton SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geocoris punctipes; Helicoverpa zea; Aphis gossypii; cotton; plant feeding behavior ID NOCTUIDAE EGGS; ARTHROPOD PREDATORS; LYGAEIDAE; HEMIPTERA; CONSUMPTION; LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT; REPRODUCTION; EFFICIENCY; BOLLWORM AB The effect of prey species on plant feeding behavior by Geocoris punctipes (Say) females was determined by observing prey and plant feeding behavior on cotton plants for three prey treatments: 1) corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), eggs, 2) H. zea first instars, and 3) cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, adults. Feeding behavior of individual G. punctipes females was observed in the laboratory using caged cotton terminals with prey on the leaves. A. gossypii adults were less acceptable to G. punctipes females as prey than H. zea eggs and first instars. Female G. punctipes fed much less on cotton plants than prey when more acceptable prey, H. zea eggs and first instars, were available but exhibited no feeding preference for the cotton plant versus prey when less acceptable prey, A. gossypii adults, were available. Nevertheless, because G. punctipes females fed on cotton plants regardless of acceptability of prey even in the presence of abundant prey, we conclude that plant feeding is an integral part of the feeding behavior of G. punctipes in cotton. Conservation of G. punctipes by reducing applications of insecticides that are toxic to these predators when they feed on insecticide-treated foliage or by providing nutritionally good plant resources could increase their effectiveness as natural enemies of H. zea and other pests in cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1399 EP 1403 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 766YU UT WOS:000188412000015 ER PT J AU Cole, DN Monz, CA AF Cole, DN Monz, CA TI Impacts of camping on vegetation: Response and recovery following acute and chronic disturbance SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE campsites; ecological impact; recreation ecology; resistance; vegetation impact; wilderness ID MANAGEMENT; WILDERNESS; COMMUNITY; USA AB Experiments with controlled levels of recreational camping were conducted on previously undisturbed sites in two different plant communities in the subalpine zone of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA. The plant communities were coniferous forest with understory dominated by the low shrub Vaccinium scoparium and a riparian meadow of intermixed grasses and forbs, of which Deschampsia cespitosa was most abundant. Sites were camped on at intensities of either one or four nights per year, for either one (acute disturbance) or three consecutive years (chronic disturbance). Recovery was followed for three years on sites camped on for one year and for one year on sites camped on for three years. Reductions in vegetation cover and vegetation height were much more pronounced on sites in the forest than on sites in the meadow. In both plant communities, increases in vegetation impact were not proportional to increases in either years of camping or nights per year of camping. Close to the center of campsites, near-maximum levels of impact occurred after the first year of camping on forested sites and after the second year on meadow sites. Meadow sites recovered completely within a year, at the camping intensities employed in the experiments. Forest sites, even those camped on for just one night, did not recover completely within three years. Differences between acute and chronic disturbance were not pronounced. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM dcole@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 693 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0046-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 800SA UT WOS:000220046800003 PM 15160895 ER PT J AU de Souza, JT Mazzola, M Raaijmakers, JM AF de Souza, JT Mazzola, M Raaijmakers, JM TI Conservation of the response regulator gene gacA in Pseudomonas species SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; FLUORESCENS BIOCONTROL STRAINS; SIGMA-FACTOR SIGMA(S); NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; 2-COMPONENT REGULATORS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; SOIL; ROOT AB The response regulator gene gacA influences the production of several secondary metabolites in both pathogenic and beneficial Pseudomonas spp. In this study, we developed primers and a probe for the gacA gene of Pseudomonas species and sequenced a 425 bp fragment of gacA from ten Pseudomonas strains isolated from different plant-associated environments. Polymerase chain reaction analysis and Southern hybridization showed that gacA is highly conserved within the genus Pseudomonas: multiple strains of different Pseudomonas species all responded positively to the probe, whereas no response was obtained from 18 other strains representing 14 species that belong to eight different genera of Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas. Furthermore, from a total of approximately 550 indigenous bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of wheat, all isolates that hybridized with the gacA probe were classified as Pseudomonas spp. by group-specific primers. Isolates that did not respond with the gacA probe and primers were identified as bacterial genera other than Pseudomonas, including Stenotrophomonas, Cryseomonas and Comamonas spp. These results indicate that gacA can be used as a complementary genetic marker for detection of Pseudomonas spp. in environmental samples. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from the newly sequenced gacA fragments and the sequences of gacA homologues present in the databases, showed six distinct clusters that correspond to the following bacterial families: Pseudomonaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Alteromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Burkholderia and Xanthomonas. Within the Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, polymorphisms within gacA and its homologues allowed identification of six and five subclusters respectively. Comparison of the gacA gene and GacA protein-based trees with the tree inferred from 16S rDNA sequences yielded a similar overall clustering. These results suggest that gacA and its homologues may provide complementary markers for phylogenetic studies of Pseudomonas spp. and Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raaijmakers, JM (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Phytopathol Lab, Binnenhaven 5,POB 8025, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 58 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1328 EP 1340 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00438.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 748PP UT WOS:000186870500009 PM 14641577 ER PT J AU Ward, DH Morton, A Tibbitts, TL Douglas, DC Carrera-Gonzalez, E AF Ward, DH Morton, A Tibbitts, TL Douglas, DC Carrera-Gonzalez, E TI Long-term change in eelgrass distribution at Bahia San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico, using satellite imagery SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; ZOSTERA-MARINA; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; COASTAL LAGOONS; BAY; LIGHT; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REDUCTION AB Seagrasses are critically important components of many marine coastal and estuarine ecosystems, but are declining worldwide. Spatial change in distribution of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., was assessed at Bahia San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico, using a map to map comparison of data interpreted from a 1987 Satellite Pour I'Observation de la Terre multispectral satellite image and a 2000 Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapping image. Eelgrass comprised 49% and 43% of the areal extent of the bay in 1987 and 2000, respectively. Spatial extent of eelgrass was 13% less (-321 ha) in 2000 than in 1987 with most losses occurring in subtidal areas. Over the 13-yr study period, there was a 34% loss of submerged eelgrass (-457 ha) and a 13% (+136 ha) gain of intertidal eelgrass. Within the two types of intertidal eelgrass, the patchy cover class (< 85% cover) expanded (+250 ha) and continuous cover class ( greater than or equal to 85% cover) declined (-114 ha). Most eelgrass losses were likely the result of sediment loading and turbidity caused by a single flooding event in winter of 1992-1993. Recent large-scale agricultural development of adjacent uplands may have exacerbated the effects of the flood. Oyster farming was not associated with any detectable losses in eelgrass; spatial extent, despite the increase in number of oyster racks from 57 to 484 over the study period. C1 US Forest Serv, Biol Sci Off, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Ducks Unlimited Inc, Wetlands & Waterford Res Ctr, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Sci Off, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn,Juneau Off, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. Ducks Unlimited Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Biol Sci Off, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM david_ward@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 16 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1539 DI 10.1007/BF02803661 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 770RT UT WOS:000188745200014 ER PT J AU Manz, F Arnaud, MJ Rosenberg, I AF Manz, F Arnaud, MJ Rosenberg, I TI 2nd International Conference on Hydration throughout Life Health effects of Mild Dehydration - Dortmund, Germany - 8-9 October 2001 - Preface SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Res Inst Child Nutr, Dortmund, Germany. Nestle Water Inst, Vittel, France. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Manz, F (reprint author), Res Inst Child Nutr, Dortmund, Germany. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 57 SU 2 BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601893 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 754VD UT WOS:000187351600001 ER PT J AU Zhao, CS Tao, YX Tall, JM Donovan, DM Meyer, RA Raja, SN AF Zhao, CS Tao, YX Tall, JM Donovan, DM Meyer, RA Raja, SN TI Role of mu-opioid receptors in formalin-induced pain behavior in mice SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE opioid receptors; formalin test; c-fos; naloxone; knockout ID PROTEIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY; C-FOS EXPRESSION; RAT SPINAL-CORD; BETA-ENDORPHIN; OPIATE RECEPTOR; SUBCUTANEOUS FORMALIN; NOCIFENSIVE RESPONSE; KNOCKOUT MICE; DORSAL HORN; TONIC PAIN AB Intraplantar formalin injection is widely used as an experimental model of tonic pain. We investigated the role of endogenous It-opioid receptor mechanisms in formalin-induced nocifensive behavior in mice. The flinching response induced by formalin (2%, 20 mul) was studied in mice with normal (wild type, n = 8) and absent (homozygous g-opioid receptor knockout, n = 8) mu-opioid receptor levels. The flinch responses were counted every 5 min for 60 min post-formalin injection. Lumbar spinal cord (L4, 5) was harvested 2 h post-formalin injection to examine c-Fos expression using immunohistochemistry. The effects of naloxone (5 mg/kg, sc) administered 30 min before the intraplantar formalin injection on the flinching response of wild-type mice (n = 7) were also recorded. The second-phase formalin response (10-60 min after formalin) was higher in homozygous It-opioid receptor knockout mice compared to the wild-type mice (P < 0.01). Naloxone administration in wild-type mice before formalin injection resulted in pain behavior similar to that observed in homozygous mu-opioid receptor knockout mice (P > 0.05). The c-Fos expression induced by formalin injection in the knockout mice was not different from that observed in wild-type mice. Our results suggest that the endogenous mu-opioid system is activated by intraplantar formalin injection and exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on the pain behavior. These results suggest an important modulatory role of endogenous g-opioid receptor mechanisms in tonic pain states. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, ANRI,Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Raja, SN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Osler 292,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. OI Tall, Jill/0000-0001-7780-9404; Yang, Shuman/0000-0002-9638-0890 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS26363] NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 184 IS 2 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00346-7 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 758KW UT WOS:000187634400030 PM 14769376 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, CP TI Phylogenetic circumscription of Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and other members of the Saccharomycetaceae, and the proposal of the new genera Lachancea, Nakaseomyces, Naumovia, Vanderwaltozyma and Zygotorulaspora SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Saccharomyces; Kluyveromyces; new ascosporic yeast genera; molecular systematics; multigene phylogeny ID YEAST GENUS; SP-NOV; PARTIAL SEQUENCES; WALT; CLASSIFICATION; DEBARYOMYCES; COMPLEX; VAN AB Genera currently assigned to the Saccharomycetaceae have been defined from phenotype, but this classification does not fully correspond with species groupings determined from phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences. The multigene sequence analysis of Kurtzman and Robnett [FEMS Yeast Res. 3 (2003) 417-432] resolved the family Saccharomycetaceae into 11 well-supported clades. In the present study, the taxonomy of the Saccharomyctaceae is evaluated from the perspective of the multigene sequence analysis, which has resulted in reassignment of some species among currently accepted genera, and the proposal of the following five new genera: Lachancea, Nakaseomyces, Naumovia, Vanderwaltozyma and Zygotorulaspora. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov NR 43 TC 244 Z9 257 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1567-1356 EI 1567-1364 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00175-2 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 754YX UT WOS:000187362000002 PM 14654427 ER PT J AU Baptiste, SJJ Bloem, K Reitz, S Mizell, R AF Baptiste, SJJ Bloem, K Reitz, S Mizell, R TI Use of radiation to sterilize two-spotted spider mite (acari : tetranychidae) eggs used as a food source for predatory mites SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE tetranychus urticae; neoseiulus californicus; biological control; rearing ID PHYTOSEIID MITES; NATURAL ENEMIES; URTICAE; RESISTANCE AB One-, 2- and 3-day-old two-spotted spider mite eggs were treated with increasing doses of gamma radiation ranging from 0-280 Gy. Percent egg hatch decreased as radiation increased for each age group; however, older eggs required higher doses of radiation to prevent egg hatch than did younger eggs. Based on the regression lines for 1-, 2- and 3-day-old eggs, the best estimates of the doses of radiation that would prevent 100% of the eggs from hatching were 43.6 Gy, 55.1 Gy and in excess of 280 Gy, respectively. In general, irradiating spider mite eggs had no significant effect on their acceptability as prey by females of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus McGregor, except for 1-day-old eggs treated at 240 Gy. Female N. californicus consumed 50-75% fewer of these eggs than they did eggs of other treatments, in both no-choice and choice experiments. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Ctr Biol Control, USDA,APHIS,PPQ,CPHST, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Ctr Biol Control, USDA,ARS,CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Baptiste, SJJ (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 389 EP 394 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200001 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Bloem, KA AF Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Bloem, KA TI Performance of sterile Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) females in luring males to traps SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE invasive species; opuntia; cactus moth; survey; SIT ID NORTH-AMERICA; OPUNTIA AB Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is renown for its control of invasive cacti (Opuntia spp.). Its accidental arrival in Florida and its rapidly expanding range along the Gulf coast pose an imminent threat to native Opuntia spp., especially in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico. Adequate survey techniques are crucial in order to delineate the rate of spread of this invasive species. Virgin female-baited sticky traps have been effective in detecting C. cactorum adult males in areas where visual surveys failed to detect larval damage. However, the use of fertile females in traps placed beyond the currently infested area is discouraged because an escaped fertile female might establish a breeding population and expand the infested area. In this study we compare the attractiveness and the longevity of fertile and irradiated (sterile) females deployed as bait in traps. Traps baited with females sterilized with gamma radiation were as effective as traps baited with unirradiated (fertile) females in detecting populations of feral C. cactorum male moths. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Ctr Biol Control, USDA,APHIS,PPQ,CPHST, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0395:POSCCP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200002 ER PT J AU Hight, SD Bloem, S Bloem, KA Carpenter, JE AF Hight, SD Bloem, S Bloem, KA Carpenter, JE TI Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae): Observations of courtship and mating behaviors at two locations on the Gulf Coast of Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cactus moth; invasive pest; opuntia; sterile insect technique ID REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SEX-PHEROMONE; NORTH-AMERICA; MOTH; STERILITY; OPUNTIA AB Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) has become an invasive pest of Opuntia spp. along the coastal areas of southeastern United States from the panhandle of Florida to South Carolina. Spread of this insect into cactus dominated natural areas of the United States and Mexico and into agricultural opuntia fields of Mexico is raising concerns within international governments and conservation organizations. Interest is growing in using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to manage C. cactorum populations. Information on courtship and mating behaviors of this insect is important in the development and application of SIT. We conducted mating table studies and determined that this moth exhibits simple rather than elaborate mating behaviors and that courtship and mating take place briefly during morning twilight. Typically, females initiate calling, males respond to females, and copulation are complete before sunrise. Successfully mated females attract males within a short period (mean of 5.2 min), while unsuccessful females continue calling for about 40 minutes. Mating pairs remain in copula for a mean of 31.8 min. Generally, mated females are busy ovipositing the first few nights after mating, not exhibiting additional mating behaviors. A release of marked males revealed that males stay near the release site and can be recovered and identified for subsequent population estimate studies. This study on courtship/mating behavior is helpful to the ongoing C. cactorum research to develop a successful SIT program, identify the female calling pheromone, improve monitoring traps, and develop a technique to estimate adult moth population abundance. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Hight, SD (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0400:CCLPOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200003 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Faber, BA Phillips, PA Rodgers, JL AF Yee, WL Faber, BA Phillips, PA Rodgers, JL TI Comparison of Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) infestation levels on avocado fruit and leaves SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Scirtothrips perseae populations; avocado leaves; fruit; leaf development; fruit development ID NAKAHARA THYSANOPTERA; DAMAGE AB Avocado fruit can be severely damaged by Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in southern California. Scirtothrips perseae is found on leaves and fruit, but its prevalence on one versus the other substrate has not been documented. In this study, the occurrence and infestation levels of S. perseae on avocado leaves and fruit during late spring and summer were compared at three sites in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, California, from 1998-2000. In all sites and years, adult and larval S. perseae were more abundant on young leaves than on small fruit from early to mid June. After leaves matured and hardened with increasing temperatures from late June through August, overall S. perseae populations generally declined. However, populations became proportionally higher on fruit than on leaves compared with earlier in the season. This usually resulted in equal numbers on the two substrates and sometimes in higher numbers on fruit late in the season. The change in relative S. perseae abundance on leaves and fruit between pre- and post-leaf hardening indicates control efforts need to be made shortly before leaves harden and become unsuitable for S. perseae feeding and oviposition or shortly after the first thrips move onto fruit. C1 Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0409:COSPTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200004 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Chini, SR AF Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Chini, SR TI Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera : Anobiidae): Spatial relationship between trap catch and distance from an infested product SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE pest monitoring; trapping; spatial analysis; stored-product insects; cigarette beetle ID INFESTATION AB The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), was selected as a representative stored-product beetle to test the validity of contour mapping of trap catch for pest monitoring in warehouses and retail stores. Three experiments, each replicated 5 times, were conducted in a 3.2 x 9.0-m aluminum shed. Each experiment involved releasing beetles at a single point and recording the numbers captured after 6, 24, and 48 h in each of 14 baited pitfall traps distributed over the floor of the shed. The experiments differed only with respect to the point of release. Beetles were released passively from rearing boxes placed at one of 3 release points, and consecutive contour maps of trap catch tracked their dispersal from each point. As the beetles dispersed and total trap catch increased, the outlying traps captured increasingly more insects, but cumulative trap catch remained highest near the release points. The rate of capture was highest immediately after release and declined with time, rapidly at first and then more slowly until it became nearly constant. The cumulative numbers captured by any trap after 6, 24, and 48 h decreased exponentially with distance from the point of release. The observed spatial patterns of trap catch relative to sources of infestation and the inverse relationship of trap catch to distance from a source support the validity of contour mapping as a means of monitoring stored-product insects and locating foci of infestation. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0437:LSCASR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200008 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Gallo-Meagher, M AF Meagher, RL Gallo-Meagher, M TI Identifying host strains of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in Florida using mitochondrial markers SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE spodoptera frugiperda; host strain identification; PCR-RFLP ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; BERMUDAGRASS; CONSUMPTION AB Two molecular techniques were used to identify host strains of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) from male moths captured in pheromone-baited traps in north-central and central Florida. Moths collected in 1998 were analyzed using direct detection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) RFLPs generated from restriction endonuclease digestion of total DNA, while moths collected in 2000 and 2001 were analyzed using a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene PCR-RFLP marker. Both techniques could distinguish between rice and corn strain moths, however, the COI PCR-RFLP marker was more robust as indicated by a time interval experiment that showed that moths held for up to 15 days in a "bucket trap" could still be used for strain diagnosis. In a field study, our strategy gave results consistent with expectations. Rice strain moths were common in habitats with large areas of small grasses, corn strain moths were common in large areas planted to corn, and habitats with mixed large- and small-grass plantings contained both strains. Our methodology of combining pheromone traps with PCR-RFLP analysis will provide a valuable sampling system to determine the population ecology habits and strain isolating mechanisms of fall armyworm populations in numerous habitats, including overwintering areas of southern Florida. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Plant Mol & Cellular Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0450:IHSOFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200010 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT AF Vogt, JT TI Attractiveness and effectiveness of an artificial diet fed to hybrid imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta x richteri (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE colony growth; laboratory rearing; foraging; bait ID COLONIES AB Attractiveness of freeze-dried and reconstituted entomophage diet to hybrid fire ants (Sole-nopsis invicta x richteri) was investigated in choice tests using freeze-killed, crushed cricket (Acheta domestica L.) as a standard. Worker ants were strongly attracted to both crickets and reconstituted diet. Foragers collected approx. 27 times more reconstituted diet than freeze-dried diet, and collected statistically equivalent amounts of artificial diet and crickets (36.0 +/- 7.0 and 26.0 +/- 0.3 mg/h, respectively). Even though workers were strongly attracted to the artificial diet, all measures of colony growth (mean mass of brood, workers, and queen) were at least 30% lower in colonies fed sugar water + artificial diet than in colonies fed sugar water + crickets or sugar water + artificial diet + crickets. While this diet may have some utility as a bait for monitoring fire ants in the field, it offers no advantage over a standard diet of crickets and sugar water for rearing fire ants in the laboratory. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 456 EP 459 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0456:AAEOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200011 ER PT J AU Logarzo, G Triapitsyn, SV Jones, WA AF Logarzo, G Triapitsyn, SV Jones, WA TI New host records for two species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera : Clypeorrhyncha : Cicadellidae), in Peru SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRIGUTTATUS; HOMOPTERA C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Logarzo, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 486 EP 487 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0486:NHRFTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774CM UT WOS:000188962200019 ER PT J AU Knabel, SJ Fatemi, P Patton, J Laborde, LF Annous, B Sapers, GM AF Knabel, SJ Fatemi, P Patton, J Laborde, LF Annous, B Sapers, GM TI On farm contamination of horticultural products in the USA and strategies for decontamination SO FOOD AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Australian Food Microbiology Conference CY MAR 26-28, 2003 CL NOOSAVILLE, AUSTRALIA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; APPLES; IMMERSION; EFFICACY; SURFACE; TISSUE AB Foodborne illness due to consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to be increasing in the USA. Fruits and vegetables can become contaminated with pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms throughout the preharvest and postharvest systems. Wild and domestic animals, soil, feces, irrigation water and human handling are potential preharvest sources, while harvesting equipment, transport containers, rinse water, processing equipment and human handlers can cause postharvest contamination. Differences and variability in surface morphology and metabolic functions of produce provide a range of ecological niches. There is a need to distinguish between surface contamination and potential growth of pathogens within produce. Effective decontamination may be due to lack of penetration of treatments to cells at increasing depths, neutralisation of treatment, formation of biofilms, and/or increased resistance to sanitisers upon attachment. Greater understanding of contamination, and why most decontamination treatments fail, may lead to farm-to-table multi-hurdle strategies to enhance the safety of fresh horticultural products. C1 Penn State Univ, Borland Lab, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Knabel, SJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Borland Lab, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI LaBorde, Luke/I-3974-2014 OI LaBorde, Luke/0000-0003-4795-4840 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AUSTRALIAN INST FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INC PI WATERLOO D C PA PO BOX 1303, WATERLOO D C, NSW 2017, AUSTRALIA SN 1032-5298 J9 FOOD AUST JI Food Aust. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 12 BP 580 EP + PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 750NE UT WOS:000187002000023 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M Goldberg, N Craig, JC AF Kozempel, M Goldberg, N Craig, JC TI The vacuum/steam/vacuum process SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KILL LISTERIA-INNOCUA; SURFACE PASTEURIZATION; STEAM; VACUUM; CYCLES; MEAT C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 57 IS 12 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 756GA UT WOS:000187456400012 ER PT J AU Blodgett, JT Bonello, P Stanosz, GR AF Blodgett, JT Bonello, P Stanosz, GR TI An effective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea from asymptomatic pines SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED PINE; WATER-STRESS; JACK PINES; SOUTH-AFRICA; RAPD MARKER; COLLAR ROT; FUNGI; WISCONSIN; CANKERS; STEM AB The pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea can persist in stems and branches of asymptomatic pines and can later induce disease when triggered by host stress. Several experiments were conducted to test if:(i) medium amended with tannic acid (TA) can increase the frequency of cultural detection of this shoot blight and canker pathogen from asymptomatic red pine (Pinus resinosa) stems, and (ii) S. sapinea can persist in asymptomatic red pine in the field following artificial inoculation. TA (0.5% w/v) in 2% (w/v) water agar proved to be the best medium for isolation of S. sapinea among a larger number of tested media. The addition of TA had little or no effect on the growth of two group A and two group B isolates of S. sapinea. However, when TA was added, 11 other fast-growing fungal isolates from stems/branches of red or jack pines (P. banksiana) were inhibited and grew more slowly (p < 0.05) than both S. sapinea groups. The TA-amended medium improved cultural detection of S. sapinea from 2-year-old, asymptomatic red pine nursery seedlings compared with two other methods used for the cultural detection of S. sapinea (32%vs. 8.5% and 18% recovery; p < 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). A field test using the TA-amended media established that S. sapinea can persist asymptomatically in red pine trees for at least 1 year. This medium significantly reduces the frequency of false-negatives from asymptomatic field material. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blodgett, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1730 Samco RD, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RI Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1046/j.1437-4781.2003.00342.x PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748PM UT WOS:000186870300005 ER PT J AU Parrotta, JA Arce, JJC AF Parrotta, JA Arce, JJC TI Improving communication across the forest science/policy interface SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP V EP VI DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00116-3 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300001 ER PT J AU Guldin, RW AF Guldin, RW TI Forest science and forest policy in the Americas: building bridges to a sustainable future SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centro-Agronomico-Tropical-de-Investigacion-y-Ensenanza (CATIE) CY NOV 01, 2001 CL TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA SP Centro Agronomico Trop Investogacion Ensenanza DE forest policy; scientific community; science-policy interface AB Making forest policies that help bridge from the current situation to a sustainable future requires sound scientific information. Too often, scientific information is available, yet policy makers do not use it. At a workshop in Costa Rica, attendees from the Americas reviewed 16 case studies where forest science influenced forest policies and identified six reasons. Two reasons related to the content of research programs and four to personal characteristics of researchers. Research programs that practice continuous innovation and adaptive management retained their relevancy to policy makers. Market-based and incentive approaches work better than regulatory ones, so economic and social sciences are critical parts of the research portfolio. Key attributes of influential scientists include an understanding of the policy process and how it differs from the science process; a willingness to engage in the policy arena and bear the associated risks, an adeptness at communicating early and often, matching the means and message to various audiences; and a penchant for collaboration that builds the trust essential to influence policy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Union Forest Res Org, Forest Sci Policy Interface, Vienna, Austria. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Guldin, RW (reprint author), Int Union Forest Res Org, Forest Sci Policy Interface, Vienna, Austria. OI Guldin, Richard/0000-0002-7210-6125 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00042-X PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300002 ER PT J AU Haynes, R AF Haynes, R TI Economic analysis in support of broad scale land management strategies SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centro-Agronomico-Tropical-de-Investigacion-y-Ensenanza (CATIE) CY NOV 01, 2001 CL TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA SP Centro Agronomico Trop Investogacion Ensenanza DE forest policy history; forest sector modeling; policy analysis; supply; demand AB The US has a century of experience with the development of forest policies that have benefited from or been influenced by economic research activities in the forest sector. At the same time, increasing rigor in policy debates stimulated economics research. During the past four decades economic research has evolved to include increased understanding of consumer demands, producer behavior, landowner behavior and timber resource conditions. Bio-economic models have evolved that combine economic and resource models; these have been used in the US to provide the basis for forecasting future resource and market trends and to shape public perceptions. Economics research has also contributed frameworks for policy analysis using approaches like scenario planning to help decision-makers gauge uncertainty. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Haynes, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00035-2 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300005 ER PT J AU Brooks, DJ AF Brooks, DJ TI Analysis of environmental effects of prospective trade agreements: the forest products ATL as a case study in the science-policy interface SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centro-Agronomico-Tropical-de-Investigacion-y-Ensenanza (CATIE) CY NOV 01, 2001 CL TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA SP Centro Agronomico Trop Investogacion Ensenanza DE trade; policy; forest sector; environmental effects AB In the past few decades, the interaction between commodity trade and environmental conditions in both exporting and importing countries has received increasing attention. Recognition of accumulating and expanding environmental consequences of economic activity coincides with an increase in the absolute value and relative importance of trade in the global economy. Therefore, efforts to further reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade are prospectively attractive economic policies and, at the same time, potentially problematic from the perspective of environmental policy objectives. As is the case with many contemporary policy debates, the trade and environment debate is frequently characterized by rhetoric and advocacy of positions. Although examination of the consequences of specific trade policies is complicated by the nature of trade negotiations, opportunities exist to use science in formulating and evaluating policies. In the late 1990s, the forest sector was one of eight sectors targeted for accelerated tariff reduction. In response to concerns about the environmental consequences of the initiative, the US government conducted a first-of-its kind, quantitative study of the economic and environmental effects of the trade policy initiative on the forest sector. Although the multi-sector initiative was not implemented, successful completion of the analysis contributed to policy deliberations in a highly-charged atmosphere (during preparations for the 1999 World Trade Organization Ministerial meeting in Seattle). Demonstration of the ability to provide relevant, technically-credible results is among the factors providing support for the idea of environmental review of future US trade agreements. Therefore, the process and the results of the review of this trade initiative provide a useful case study in the science-policy interface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brooks, DJ (reprint author), Off US Trade Representat, 600 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20508 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00037-6 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300007 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Kellison, RC Broerman, FS Jones, SB AF Stanturf, JA Kellison, RC Broerman, FS Jones, SB TI Innovation and forest industry: domesticating the pine forests of the southern United States, 1920-1999 SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centro-Agronomico-Tropical-de-Investigacion-y-Ensenanza (CATIE) CY NOV 01, 2001 CL TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA SP Centro Agronomico Trop Investogacion Ensenanza DE innovation; technology transfer; research policy; forest industry; plantations; research cooperatives; forest productivity ID BEHAVIOR AB The history of forest management in the southern United States has been a process of intensification and the pine forests of the Coastal Plain can be regarded as in the early stage of crop domestication. Silviculture research into tree improvement and other aspects of plantation establishment and management has been critical to the domestication process. which began in the early 1950s with the paradigm shift from natural stand management to plantation forestry. Advances were incremental innovations that relied heavily on basic knowledge gained in other disciplines and from formal university-industry silviculture research cooperatives. These cooperatives played a critical role in the domestication process, especially as they disseminated technological innovations. Sixteen major pulp and paper companies were examined in terms of participation in research cooperatives, expenditures on research and implementation of innovations. Despite a lack of relationship between company size (gross sales) and expenditures on forestry research, implementation of innovations was significantly related to research expenditures, timberland owned and total sales. Adjusting for timberland ownership or annual sales, the companies that spent the most on forestry research did the best job implementing research results. Emerging trends in industry structure and support for research may indicate a new role for public research institutions in the South, and call into question the need for silviculture research cooperatives. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00039-X PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300009 ER PT J AU McGinley, K Finegan, B AF McGinley, K Finegan, B TI The ecological sustainability of tropical forest management: evaluation of the national forest management standards of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, with emphasis on the need for adaptive management SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centro-Agronomico-Tropical-de-Investigacion-y-Ensenanza (CATIE) CY NOV 01, 2001 CL TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA SP Centro Agronomico Trop Investogacion Ensenanza DE criteria and indicators; adaptive management; forest management standards; sustainable forest management; Costa Rica; Nicaragua AB From a conceptual point of view, national forest management standards in Latin American countries have progressed significantly in recent years. Examples include the Costa Rican Standards and Procedures for Sustainable Forest Management and Certification, developed by the National Commission for Forest Certification and in Nicaragua, the National Institute of Forestry proposal of principles, criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. In line with general approaches worldwide, these national standards primarily focus on the fulfillment of sound forest practice. There is comparatively little emphasis on the assessment of management outcomes or changes in key components of the eco- and social-systems that result from management impacts. Essentially, there is little emphasis on adaptive management, though arguments that management cannot be sustainable if it is not adaptive are persuasive. This study sought to contribute to the development of standards that include elements for adaptive management that define. communicate and evaluate sustainable forest management in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Elements from the national standards and the CIFOR generic C&I template (predominantly focused on forest management outcomes) were used as a starting point. The basic research process consisted of three phases of evaluation (in-office, desk and field). The evaluations were carried out by multidisciplinary, international groups of experts in forest ecology, management and policy. This study demonstrated the value of forums and workshops that facilitate exchange between forest scientists and policymakers; the innovation and application of a practical, applicable and scientifically based methodology for developing national level CI; and acceptance of this methodology by key players in the fields of forest management and policy. These experiences and the resulting proposals of C&I for the evaluation of ecologically sustainable forest management are expected to be used as points of reference for future development of forest policy in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, and to contribute to the overall understanding of C&I development processes in the region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Finegan, B (reprint author), CATIE, Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00040-6 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300010 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KM Johnson, KN Gordon, SN AF Reynolds, KM Johnson, KN Gordon, SN TI The science/policy interface in logic-based evaluation of forest ecosystem sustainability SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centro-Agronomico-Tropical-de-Investigacion-y-Ensenanza (CATIE) CY NOV 01, 2001 CL TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA SP Centro Agronomico Trop Investogacion Ensenanza DE Montreal process; forest; ecosystem; Sustainability; criteria and indicators; logic; model; knowledge base; decision support AB Numerous efforts around the world are underway to apply the Montreal criteria and indicators to assess the sustainability of temperate and boreal forests. In this paper, we describe a logic-based system for evaluating the sustainability of forests at regional and national levels. We believe that such a system can make evaluation of sustainability more consistent and transparent. This effort also makes two points abundantly clear: (1) a systematic way to organize expert judgment about ecological, economic, social and institutional relationships (here, using 'fuzzy logic') is crucial to building such a system and (2) that the structure of this logic-based system reflects a policy framework and a series of decisions about values and what is meant by 'sustainability'. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 433 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00041-8 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XB UT WOS:000186885300011 ER PT J AU Kruger, LE Jakes, PJ AF Kruger, LE Jakes, PJ TI The importance of place: Advances in science and application SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE place; attachment to place; place-based planning; sense of place; resource management ID ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; GEOGRAPHY AB The concept of place is introduced and an orientation to place literature is provided. Following the introduction, an overview is given of the papers in this special issue of Forest Science. The papers included in this issue were presented at the 2000 International Symposium on Society and Resource Management in Bellingham, Washington. FOR. SCI 49(6):819-821. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Alaska Communities & Forest Environm Team, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Social & Econ Dimens Ecosyst Management, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kruger, LE (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Alaska Communities & Forest Environm Team, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 BP 819 EP 821 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 754CF UT WOS:000187284600001 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Prestemon, JP AF Luppold, WG Prestemon, JP TI Tests for long-run relationships in hardwood lumber prices SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cointegration; posterior information criterion; vector autoregression ID SOFTWOOD LUMBER; UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES; COINTEGRATION VECTORS; MODEL SELECTION; LAW; IMPORTS; ROOT; PULP AB Hardwood lumber prices are unique because of the large number of marketable species and variability of prices across species. Previous research showed that long-run fashion decisions regarding species selection may be influenced by price, so the interaction between fashion and species price may act to keep prices (hence, demand) of different hardwood species together in the long run. To test this hypothesis, we examined the joint lumber price behavior of six major hardwood species representing different appearance characteristics in the Appalachian hardwood region. Bivariate and multivariate price cointegration tests within lumber grades of these mainly nonstationary price series, conducted using a consistent vector error-correction rank and lag-order model selection procedure, revealed no stable long-run statistical relationships, rejecting the principal null hypothesis. Current relative price levels therefore cannot be used to infer future relative levels. Supplementary vector autoregressions of mostly differenced series, however, indicate that some interspecies price relationships exist. Such relationships, however, were mostly confined within appearance groups and only rarely across groups. FOR. SCI. 49(6):918-927. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 BP 918 EP 927 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 754CF UT WOS:000187284600011 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Staton, JL AF Haag, WR Staton, JL TI Variation in fecundity and other reproductive traits in freshwater mussels SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecundity; life history; mussels; reproduction; Unionidae ID ANODONTA-GRANDIS-SIMPSONIANA; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; TENNESSEE RIVER; HOST FISHES; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; MOBILE BASIN; PEARL MUSSEL; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA AB 1. Life histories of the highly diverse and endangered North American freshwater mussel fauna are poorly known. We investigated reproductive traits of eight riverine mussel species in Alabama and Mississippi, U.S.A.: Amblema plicata, Elliptio arca, Fusconaia cerina, Lampsilis ornata, Obliquaria reflexa, Pleurobema decisum, Quadrula asperata and Q. pustulosa, and compare our results with existing life history information for other species. 2. These eight species had reproductive traits characteristic of large, outcrossing populations: hermaphrodites were rare, we found no evidence of protandry, and sex ratios were even or slightly male-biased. 3. Age at sexual maturity varied among species, ranging from <1 to 2 years for L. ornata to 3-9 years for Q. asperata. In all species, most mature females participated in reproduction and fertilisation success was high. 5. Fecundity was related positively to both length and age, but length was the best predictor. In six species, fecundity increased exponentially with increasing size; in two species the rate of increase in fecundity declined in larger animals. In four species, fecundity declined in older animals. These latter results indicate weak reproductive senescence; however, in all species, older individuals continued to produce large numbers of offspring. Mean annual fecundity differed widely among species ranging from 9647 to 325 709. Within-species differences in fecundity were found among rivers and among populations within a river. 6. The wide variation in reproductive traits among species indicates the existence of widely divergent life history strategies in freshwater mussels. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 49 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2118 EP 2130 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01155.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 745PL UT WOS:000186697000004 ER PT J AU Phillips, N Bond, BJ McDowell, NG Ryan, MG Schauer, A AF Phillips, N Bond, BJ McDowell, NG Ryan, MG Schauer, A TI Leaf area compounds height-related hydraulic costs of water transport in Oregon White Oak trees SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quercus; sap flow; transpiration; xylem ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; SAP FLOW; GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SAPWOOD AREA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; PINE; LIMITATION AB 1. The ratio of leaf to sapwood area generally decreases with tree size, presumably to moderate hydraulic costs of tree height. This study assessed consequences of tree size and leaf area on water flux in Quercus garryana Dougl. ex. Hook (Oregon White Oak), a species in which leaf to sapwood area ratio increases with tree size. We tested hypotheses that Q. garryana individuals of greater size and leaf area show reduced leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (K-L), crown water flux per leaf area (E-L), and carbon isotope discrimination (Delta). 2. K-L, E-L and Delta differed between trees of two size classes examined, with 25 m trees showing evidence of lower water flux and carbon isotopic discrimination compared to 10 m trees. Whole-tree water fluxes were smaller in 25 m than in 10 m trees both per unit sapwood and per leaf area, but more so per unit leaf area: 25 m trees had a leaf to sapwood area ratio 1.6 times greater than that of 10 m trees. 3. The findings from this study are unique in that increased leaf to sapwood area ratio of larger trees compounded hydraulic constraints on water transport due to tree height. These results provide further support and generality to the hypothesis of hydraulic limitations to tree-water flux, and show that limitations to water flux are not necessarily accompanied by the structural compensation of reduced crown leaf area in larger trees. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Phillips, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 55 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 832 EP 840 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00791.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 752UE UT WOS:000187184900014 ER PT J AU Ospina-Giraldo, MD Jones, RW AF Ospina-Giraldo, MD Jones, RW TI Characterization of the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene in Phytophthora infestans reveals the presence of multiple alleles SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; genome analysis; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; GPI; oomycetes; pathogenicity; PGI; phosphoglucoisomerase; Phytophthora infestans ID GLUCOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES; BLIGHT; POTATO AB Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) plays a key role in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Isoforms of GPI are common, and therefore, its isozyme pattern is widely used to characterize isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Despite the importance of GPI in P. infestans studies, the gene encoding this enzyme has not yet been characterized. Furthermore, it has been suggested that P. infestans contains multiple copies of the gene but this hypothesis remains to be demonstrated. We have cloned and characterized GPI in various isolates of P. infestans as well as in several species of the genus Phytophthora. The gene contains 1671 bp and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 60.8 kDa. Multiple different alleles were identified and Southern analysis indicated certain P. infestans isolates carry several copies of the gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. infestans GPI is most closely related to sequences from Toxoplasma gondii, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Clarkia lewisii. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, W Bldg 010A Room 309,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S1087-1845(03)00107-5 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 743QN UT WOS:000186585200002 PM 14599887 ER PT J AU Brown, SJ Denell, RE Beeman, RW AF Brown, SJ Denell, RE Beeman, RW TI Beetling around the genome SO GENETICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; GERM-BAND EMBRYO; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; GENE-FUNCTION; CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; MUTANT TRIBOLIUM; HOX GENES; WILD-TYPE AB The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, has been selected for whole genome shotgun sequencing in the next year. In this minireview, we discuss some of the genetic and genomic tools and biological properties of Tribolium that have established its importance as an organism for agricultural and biomedical research as well as for studies of development and evolution. A Tribolium genomic database, Beetlebase, is being constructed to integrate genetic, genomic and biological data as it becomes available. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown, SJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. EM sjbrown@ksu.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029594, R01 HD029594-12] NR 70 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 3 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1017/S0016672303006451 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 809MY UT WOS:000220642000001 PM 15134194 ER PT J AU Liu, KJ Goodman, M Muse, S Smith, JS Buckler, E Doebley, J AF Liu, KJ Goodman, M Muse, S Smith, JS Buckler, E Doebley, J TI Genetic structure and diversity among maize inbred lines as inferred from DNA microsatellites SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION; MAYS L.; PEDIGREE; ZEA; MUTATIONS; RFLP; LOCI; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCES; GERMPLASM AB Two hundred and sixty maize inbred lines, representative of the genetic diversity among essentially all public lines of importance to temperate breeding and many important tropical and subtropical lines, were assayed for polymorphism at 94 microsatellite loci. The 2039 alleles identified served as raw data for estimating genetic structure and diversity. A model-based clustering analysis placed the inbred lines in five clusters that correspond to major breeding groups plus a set of lines showing evidence of mixed origins. A "phylogenetic" tree was constructed to further assess the genetic structure of maize inbreds, showing good agreement with the pedigree information and the cluster analysis. Tropical and subtropical inbreds possess a greater number of alleles and greater gene diversity than their temperate counterparts. The temperate Stiff Stalk lines are on average the most divergent from all other inbred groups. Comparison of diversity in equivalent samples of inbreds and open-pollinated landraces revealed that maize inbreds capture <80% of the alleles in the landraces, suggesting that landraces can provide additional genetic diversity for maize breeding. The contributions of four different segments of the landrace gene pool to each inbred group's gene pool were estimated using a novel likelihood-based model. The estimates are largely consistent with known histories of the inbreds and indicate that tropical highland germplasm is poorly represented in maize inbreds. Core sets of inbreds that capture maximal allelic richness were defined. These or similar core sets can be used for a variety of genetic applications in maize. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, DuPont Agr & Nutr, Crop Genet Res & Dev, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Doebley, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Genet Lab, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 54 TC 276 Z9 310 U1 7 U2 42 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 4 BP 2117 EP 2128 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 760HJ UT WOS:000187805300038 PM 14704191 ER PT J AU Yap, IV Schneider, D Kleinberg, J Matthews, D Cartinhour, S McCouch, SR AF Yap, IV Schneider, D Kleinberg, J Matthews, D Cartinhour, S McCouch, SR TI A graph-theoretic approach to comparing and integrating genetic, physical and sequence-based maps SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LINKAGE MAPS; RICE; WHEAT; CONSTRUCTION; POPULATION; MAIZE; MICROSATELLITES; CHROMOSOMES; PEDIGREES AB For many species, multiple maps are available, often constructed independently by different research groups using different sets of markers and different source material. Integration of these maps provides a higher density of markers and greater genome coverage than is possible using a single study. In this article, we describe a novel approach to comparing and integrating maps by using abstract graphs. A map is modeled as a directed graph in which nodes represent mapped markers and edges define the order of adjacent markers. Independently constructed graphs representing corresponding maps from different studies are merged on the basis of their common loci. Absence of a path between two nodes indicates that their order is undetermined. A cycle indicates inconsistency among the mapping studies with regard to the order of the loci involved. The integrated graph thus produced represents a complete picture of all of the mapping studies that comprise it, including all of the ambiguities and inconsistencies among them. The objective of this representation is to guide additional research aimed at interpreting these ambiguities and inconsistencies in locus order rather than presenting a "consensus order" that ignores these problems. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Cornell Theory Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, 162 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 4 BP 2235 EP 2247 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 760HJ UT WOS:000187805300046 PM 14704199 ER PT J AU Gu, YQ Anderson, OD Londeore, CF Kong, XY Chibbar, RN Lazo, GR AF Gu, YQ Anderson, OD Londeore, CF Kong, XY Chibbar, RN Lazo, GR TI Structural organization of the barley D-hordein locus in comparison with its orthologous regions of wheat genomes SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE HMW glutenin; evolution; retrotransposon; comparative genomics ID COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; REPEAT RECEPTOR KINASE; DNA-SEQUENCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; STORAGE PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIPLOID WHEAT; VULGARE-L; RETROTRANSPOSONS; EVOLUTION AB D hordein, a prolamin storage protein of barley endosperms, is highly homologous to the high molecular weight (HWM) glutenin subunits, which are the major determinants of bread-making quality in wheat flour. In hexaploid wheat (AABBDD), each genome contains two paralogous copies of HMW-glutenin genes that encode the x- and y-type HMW-glutenin subunits. Previously, we reported the sequence analysis of a 102-kb genomic region that contains the HMW-glutenin locus of the D genome from Aegilops tauschii, the donor of the D genome of hexaploid wheat. Here, we present the sequence analysis of a 120-kb D-hordein region of the barley genome, a more distantly related member of the Triticeae grass tribe. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that gene content and order are generally conserved. Genes included in both of these orthologous regions are arranged in the following order: a Xa21-like receptor kinase, an endosperm globulin, an HMW prolamin, and a serine (threonine) protein kinase. However, in the wheat D genome, a region containing both the globulin and HMW-glutenin gene was duplicated, indicating that this duplication event occurred after the separation of the wheat and barley genomes. The intergenic regions are divergent with regard to the sequence and structural organization. It was found that different types of retroelements are responsible for the intergenic structure divergence in the wheat and barley genomes. In the barley region, we identified 16 long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in three distinct nested clusters. These retroelements account for 63% of the contig sequence. In addition, barley D hordein was compared with wheat HMW glutenins in terms of cysteine residue conservation and repeat domain organization. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Germplasm Resources, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N OW9, Canada. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Chibbar, Ravindra/A-4787-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Chibbar, Ravindra/0000-0002-2282-5236; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 46 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2003 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1084 EP 1097 DI 10.1139/G03-071 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 761AM UT WOS:000187876500023 PM 14663527 ER PT J AU Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Thomas, JMG AF Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Thomas, JMG TI Super-optimal temperatures are detrimental to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) reproductive processes and yield at both ambient and elevated carbon dioxide SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; global warming; groundnut; high temperature; peanut; photosynthesis; pollen viability; seed-set; yield ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; HEAT-STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; POLLEN GERMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SHORT EPISODES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRUIT-SET; WATER-USE AB Continuing increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) will likely be accompanied by global warming. Our research objectives were (a) to determine the effects of season-long exposure to daytime maximum/nighttime minimum temperatures of 32/22, 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34degreesC at ambient (350 mumol mol(-1)) and elevated (700 mumol mol(-1)) CO2 on reproductive processes and yield of peanut, and (b) to evaluate whether the higher photosynthetic rates and vegetative growth at elevated CO2 will negate the detrimental effects of high temperature on reproductive processes and yield. Doubling of CO2 increased leaf photosynthesis and seed yield by 27% and 30%, respectively, averaged across all temperatures. There were no effects of elevated CO2 on pollen viability, seed-set, seed number per pod, seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage. At ambient CO2, seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34degreesC, respectively. Similar percentage decreases in seed yield occurred at temperatures above 32/22degreesC at elevated CO2 despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growth. Decreased seed yields at high temperature were a result of lower seed-set due to poor pollen viability, and smaller seed size due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages. Seed harvest index decreased from 0.41 to 0.05 as temperature increased from 32/22 to 44/34degreesC under both ambient and elevated CO2. We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Prasad, PVV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 45 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1775 EP 1787 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00708.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753XZ UT WOS:000187274800007 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Lowrance, RR Sheridan, JM Williams, RG AF Bosch, David D. Lowrance, R. Richard Sheridan, Joseph M. Williams, Randall G. TI Ground Water Storage Effect on Streamflow for a Southeastern Coastal Plain Watershed SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Ground water is known to substantially affect streamflow in regions where the two are interconnected. Likewise, streamflow can rapidly recharge surficial aquifers. Because of this interaction, accurate predictions of streamflow require accurate data on the relationships between streamflow and shallow aquifer conditions. Ground water levels in the surficial aquifer and streamflow were examined for a six-year period for two small watersheds in south-central Georgia within the Coastal Plain Physiographic region of the United States. Precipitation for the six-year period was below average. The shallow water table was elevated during average precipitation conditions, but receded as precipitation decreased. During the three-year period from 2000 through 2002, the riparian buffer was fully saturated approximately 40% of the time. Lower available aquifer storage was observed for late winter and early spring due to higher rainfall and lower evapotranspiration (ET). During recharge periods, which generally coincided with the period from December to March, the ground water gradient from the upland to the stream was approximately equal to the 3% land surface slope. During other times of the year, the gradient fluctuated dramatically as a response to individual precipitation events, streamflow, and focused recharge. Based on ground water discharging to the stream for 40% of the year, ground water discharge accounted for approximately 4% of the annual precipitation for the period from 2000 through 2002. Aquifer saturation, the fraction of the available aquifer storage filled by ground water, was found to have a substantial effect upon streamflow. During periods when the aquifer was fully saturated, observed storm-generated streamflow peak rates were greater and of shorter duration. Comparison of similar magnitude events occurring in 1998 indicated that peak discharge was up to three times greater under saturated aquifer conditions than under nonsaturated conditions. Watersheds with substantial pond acreage appear to extend storm-flow over longer durations. These data indicate the impact of aquifer and pond storage on peak and total discharge in coastal plain watersheds. C1 [Bosch, David D.; Lowrance, R. Richard; Sheridan, Joseph M.; Williams, Randall G.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 903 EP 912 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02433.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA V06DM UT WOS:000207174300004 ER PT J AU Verry, ES AF Verry, Elon S. TI Estimating Ground Water Yield in Small Research Basins SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB An analysis of ground water recharge in 32 small research watersheds shows the average flow of ground water out of the watershed (deep seepage) is 45% of streamflow and ranges from 8 to 350 mm/year when apportioned over the watershed area. It is time to meld ground water and small watershed science. The use of well networks and the evaluation of ground water well hydrographs or the use of ground water models to estimate deep seepage from small research basins is highly recommended. Future investigators are now armed with better tools necessary to estimate all the water and nutrients and have no need to quietly assume deep seepage is zero. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Verry, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1001 EP 1004 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02441.x PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA V06DM UT WOS:000207174300012 ER PT J AU Verry, ES AF Verry, Elon S. TI Ground Water and Small Research Basins: An Historical Perspective SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Verry, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1005 EP 1007 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02442.x PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA V06DM UT WOS:000207174300013 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Yields of bell pepper, sweet corn, and peanut in rotations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE culture; vegetables; peanut marketable rating ID INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEMS; ROOT DISEASES; TEMPERATURE AB Abiotic and biotic factors, and government farm policy, affect peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production especially in the Southern Plains of the United States. A coincident increase in vegetable production has led to interest in diversification of production on land that has historically supported peanut. A multi-year experiment was conducted from 1998 to 2001 to determine how rotating bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) with peanut affect yields of all three crops. In the first year, the site was planted to peanut, except for those areas of the field that would have monocultured bell pepper or sweet corn throughout the experiment. In following years, parts of the field that were planted with peanut were planted with either peanut, bell pepper, or sweet corn. Except for the monocultured crops, plots had 2 years of peanut and one year each of bell pepper or sweet corn in one of four rotations. Yields were determined and terminal market value was assigned to crops. Cumulative yields for monocultured bell pepper and sweet corn were 27.8 and 22.8 Mg(.)ha(-1) after 4 years. The best yield of bell pepper or sweet corn in any rotation was 15.3 or 11.3 Mg(.)ha(-1), respectively. Rotation did not affect peanuts, and cumulative yields for monocultured peanut were 8.39 Mg(.)ha(-1) and averaged 2.13 Mg(.)ha(-1) per year in rotations. Cumulative yields for all crops in rotations where vegetables were planted in the last 2 years averaged 21.5 Mg(.)ha(-1) as opposed to 13.8 Mg(.)ha(-1) when vegetables were planted in the middle 2 years of a 4-year rotation. Yields of all crops were modified by environmental conditions, and terminal market price affected crop value so that high yields were not always associated with high returns. C1 USDA ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1341 EP 1343 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 765PG UT WOS:000188292100006 ER PT J AU Dumroese, RK AF Dumroese, RK TI Growth of Juniperus and Potentilla using liquid exponential and controlled-release fertilizers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE container nursery; nitrogen; fertigation; runoff ID PLANTS; IRRIGATION; EFFICIENCY AB Juniperus scopularum Sarg. (Rocky Mountain juniper) and Potentilla fruticosa L. 'Gold Drop' (gold drop potentilla) plants grown in containers had similar or better morphology, higher nitrogen concentrations and contents, and higher N-use efficiency when grown with liquid fertilizer applied at an exponentially increasing rate as compared to the same amount of N applied via controlled-release fertilizers. More importantly, plants grown with a half-exponential rate were similar to those grown with controlled-release fertilizer but with a higher N-use efficiency, indicating that this type of fertilization may be a method for reducing the amounts of applied nutrients in nurseries and subsequent nutrient discharge. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1378 EP 1380 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 765PG UT WOS:000188292100014 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL Mueller, JD Miller, G Varne, J AF Thies, JA Fery, RL Mueller, JD Miller, G Varne, J TI Response of bell pepper cultivars near-isogenic for the N gene to Meloidogyne incognita in field trials SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Meloidogyne incognita race 3; nematode resistance ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; RESISTANT PEPPER; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; YIELD AB Resistance of two sets of bell pepper [(Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group)] cultivars near-isogenic for the N gene that conditions resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood] was evaluated in field tests at Blackville, S.C. and Charleston, S.C. The isogenic bell pepper sets were 'Charleston Belle' (NN) and 'Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn), and 'Carolina Wonder' (NN) and 'Yolo Wonder B' (nn). The resistant cultivars Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder were highly resistant; root galling was minimal for both cultivars at both test sites. The susceptible cultivars Keystone Resistant Giant and Yolo Wonder B were highly susceptible; root galling was severe at both test sites. 'Charleston Belle' had 96.9% fewer eggs per g fresh root than I Keystone Resistant Giant', and 'Carolina Wonder' had 98.3% fewer eggs per g fresh root than 'Yolo Wonder B' (averaged over both test sites). 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' exhibited a high level of resistance in field studies at both sites. These results demonstrate that resistance conferred by the N gene for root-knot nematode resistance is effective in field-planted bell pepper. Root-knot nematode resistant bell peppers should provide economical and environmentally compatible alternatives to methyl bromide and other nematicides for managing M. incognita. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1394 EP 1396 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 765PG UT WOS:000188292100018 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Levi, A AF Thies, JA Levi, A TI Resistance of watermelon germplasm to the peanut root-knot nematode SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus; C. lanatus var. citroides; C. colocynthis; nematode resistance; Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 ID CITRULLUS-LANATUS AB Root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood] are serious pests of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] in the southern United States and worldwide. Watermelon cultivars with resistance to any of these nematode pests are not available. Therefore, we evaluated all accessions of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.(21) and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.(88), and about 10% of C. lanatus var. lanatus (156) accessions from the U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) Citrullus germplasm collection for resistance to M. arenaria race I in greenhouse tests. Only one C. lanatus var. lanatus accession exhibited very low resistance [root gall index (GI) = 4.9] and 155 C. lanatus var. lanatus accessions were susceptible (GI ranged from 5.0 to 9.0, where 1 = no galls and 9 = greater than or equal to81% root system covered with galls). All C. colocynthis accessions were highly susceptible (GI range = 8.5 to 9.0). However, 20 of 88 C. lanatus var. citroides accessions were moderately resistant with a GI range of 3.1 to 4.0; overall GI range for the C. lanatus var. citroides accessions was 3.1 to 9.0. Resistance to M. arenaria race 1 identified in the C. lanatus var. citroides accessions was confirmed on a subset of accessions in a replicated greenhouse test. The results of our evaluations demonstrated that there is significant genetic variability within the U.S. PI Citrullus germplasm collection for resistance to M. arenaria race 1 and also identified C. lanatus var. citroides accessions as potential sources of resistance. C1 USDA, US Vegetable Lab, ARS, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA, US Vegetable Lab, ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1421 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 765PG UT WOS:000188292100025 ER PT J AU Rowland, LJ Dhanaraj, AL Polashock, JJ Arora, R AF Rowland, LJ Dhanaraj, AL Polashock, JJ Arora, R TI Utility of blueberry-derived EST-PCR primers in related Ericaceae species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cranberry; expressed sequence tags; molecular markers; rhododendron; STS markers; Vaccinium ID TAGGED-SITES STSS; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; FLORAL BUDS; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINIUM; CONIFERS; DEHYDRIN; L. AB Expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) markers for DNA fingerprinting and mapping in blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) had previously been developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) produced from a cDNA library, derived from RNA from floral buds of cold acclimated plants. Because EST-PCR markers are derived from gene coding regions, they are more likely to be conserved across populations and species than markers derived from random regions of DNA, such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) or amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. In this study, we tested whether many of the EST-PCR primer pairs developed for blueberry are capable of amplifying DNA fragments in other members of the family Ericaceae. In addition, we cloned and sequenced a selection of 13 EST-PCR fragments to determine if they showed homology to the original blueberry cDNA clones from which the EST-PCR primer pairs were derived. Closely related cranberry genotypes (two wild selections of V oxycoccus L. and two cultivars of V macrocarpon Aiton, 'Early Black' and 'Stevens') and more distantly related rhododendron genotypes (one wild selection each of Rhododendron arboreum Marsh, R. maximum L., and R. ponticum L. and three complex species hybrids, 'Sonata', 'Grumpy Yellow', and 'Roseum elegans') were used. Of 26 primer pairs tested in cranberry, 23 (89%) resulted in successful amplification and eight of those (35%) amplified polymorphic fragments among the cranberry genotypes. Of 39 primer pairs tested in rhododendron, 29 (74%) resulted in successful amplification and 21 of those (72%) amplified polymorphic fragments among the rhododendron genotypes. Approximately 50% of the 13 sequenced EST-PCR fragments were found to be homologous to the original blueberry cDNA clones. These markers should be useful for DNA fingerprinting, mapping, and assessing genetic diversity within cranberry and rhododendron species. The markers which are shown to be homologous to the blueberry cDNA clones by DNA sequencing should also be useful for comparative mapping and genetic diversity studies between some genera of the family Ericaceae. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1428 EP 1432 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 765PG UT WOS:000188292100028 ER PT J AU NeSmith, DS Draper, AD Spiers, JM AF NeSmith, DS Draper, AD Spiers, JM TI 'Ochlockonee' rabbiteye blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium ashei; fruit breeding; cultivar C1 Georgia Stn, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP NeSmith, DS (reprint author), Georgia Stn, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM snesmith@griffin.uga.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1448 EP 1449 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 765PG UT WOS:000188292100034 ER PT J AU Menking, KM Syed, KH Anderson, RY Shafike, NG Arnold, JG AF Menking, KM Syed, KH Anderson, RY Shafike, NG Arnold, JG TI Model estimates of runoff in the closed, semiarid Estancia basin, central New Mexico, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE runoff; soil and water assessment tool (SWAT); MODFLOW; LAK2 package; Estancia basin; New Mexico; USA ID FULL-GLACIAL CLIMATE; RIVER-BASIN; IMPACTS; YIELD; SWAT AB The 5000 km(2) topographically closed Estancia basin in central New Mexico has been the focus of several palaeoclimatic studies based on changes in the level of late Pleistocene Lake Estancia. A large, unknown volume of surface runoff and groundwater from adjacent mountains contributed to the hydrological balance during highstands and lowstands. The US Department of Agriculture hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and the US Geological Survey groundwater flow model MODFLOW, with the LAK2 package, were used in this study to estimate runoff and water balance under present climate. A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) interface was used for SWAT, digitized data were applied for soils and vegetation, and limited streamflow data were used to obtain an approximate calibration for the model. Simulated streamflow is generally within 30% of observed values, and simulated runoff for the entire basin is about 8% of the annual inflow volume needed to support lowstands of the former Lake Estancia. Results from the combined models suggest application to other palaeoclimate investigations in semiarid lake basins. C1 Vassar Coll, Dept Geol & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Interstate Stream Commiss, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Menking, KM (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Geol & Geog, Box 59, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 48 IS 6 BP 953 EP 970 DI 10.1623/hysj.48.6.953.51424 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 749LD UT WOS:000186920900007 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, J Sullivan, L D'Agostino, RB Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH Wilson, PWF Levy, D Vasan, RS AF Sundstrom, J Sullivan, L D'Agostino, RB Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH Wilson, PWF Levy, D Vasan, RS TI Plasma homocysteine, hypertension incidence, and blood pressure tracking - The Framingham Heart Study SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE hypertension, detection and control; blood pressure; homocysteine; metabolism; epidemiology; longitudinal studies ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; ACID; HEALTH; STROKE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; RATIONALE AB Plasma homocysteine is cross- sectionally associated with blood pressure in large, community- based studies. It is unknown whether elevated plasma homocysteine predicts hypertension incidence. We investigated the relations of baseline plasma total homocysteine levels to hypertension incidence and blood pressure tracking in 2104 Framingham Heart Study participants ( mean age, 57 years; 58% women), who were free of hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or renal failure at baseline. Baseline mean +/- SD plasma homocysteine was 10.1 +/- 3.7 mu mol/ L. On follow- up 4 years from baseline, 360 persons ( 17.1%) had developed hypertension, and 878 persons ( 41.7%) had progressed to a higher blood pressure stage. In unadjusted analyses, a 1- SD higher log homocysteine value was associated with increased odds of developing hypertension ( odds ratio [ OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.05 to 1.32) and increased odds of blood pressure progression ( OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.27). The relations of plasma homocysteine to the incidence of hypertension or blood pressure progression were statistically nonsignificant in age- and sex- adjusted logistic regression models ( OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.11 and OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.16, respectively) and in multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, interim weight change, smoking, serum creatinine, baseline blood pressure, and blood pressure category ( OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.06 and OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.18, respectively). In conclusion, we found no major relation of baseline plasma homocysteine levels to hypertension incidence or longitudinal blood pressure progression in a large, community- based cohort of nonhypertensive individuals after adjustment for age, sex, and other important covariates. C1 Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Cardiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Vasan, RS (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. RI Sundstrom, Johan/A-6286-2009; OI Sundstrom, Johan/0000-0003-2247-8454; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Sullivan, Lisa/0000-0003-0726-7149 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01HL67288-01, K24HL04334, N01-HC-25195, R01HL71039, N01-HV-28178] NR 36 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD DEC PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1105 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000101690.58391.13 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 752TR UT WOS:000187183700006 PM 14597642 ER PT J AU Biga, PR Cain, KD Hardy, RW Overturf, K Ott, TL AF Biga, PR Cain, KD Hardy, RW Overturf, K Ott, TL TI Growth hormone differentially regulates muscle myostatin-I and II and increases circulating cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA ARS, ID, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 928 EP 928 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200503 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Peterson, B AF Davis, KB Peterson, B TI Insulin-like growth factor and IGF binding proteins in sunshine bass SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 USDA ARS, HKD SNARC, Stuttgart, AR USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200837 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, L AF Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, L TI Effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH; Posilac) on growth and mRNA expression of IGF-I and IGF-II in channel catfish SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1047 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200976 ER PT J AU Ochoa, R Pettis, JS Mireles, OM AF Ochoa, R Pettis, JS Mireles, OM TI A new bee mite of the genus Pseudacarapis (Acari : Tarsonemidae) from Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bee associated mite; Tarsonemid mite; phoresy; Pseudacarapis trispicula n.sp.; Mexico ID HONEY BEE AB A new tarsonemid mite, Pseudacarapis trispicula Ochoa and Pettis n. sp., is described and illustrated from females phoretic on Apis mellifera L. collected from intercepted honey comb from Mexico. This is the first record of this genus in the Americas and the distribution and impact of this mite species in honey bee colonies remain unknown. The only other known species, Pseudacarapis indoapis Lindquist, has a host-specific association with Apis cerana Fabricius. C1 Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Serv, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Los Indios, TX 78567 USA. RP Ochoa, R (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 750LZ UT WOS:000186993300001 ER PT J AU Wang, CY AF Wang, CY TI Maintaining postharvest quality of raspberries with natural volatile compounds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant; methyl jasmonate; Rubus idaeus; storage ID METHYL JASMONATE; CHILLING INJURY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; FOOD PRESERVATION; TOMATO FRUIT; BROWN-ROT; STORAGE; VAPORS AB The postharvest quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) was evaluated after treatment with several natural volatile compounds and storage at 0, 10 or 20 degreesC. At high storage temperature (20 degreesC), raspberries deteriorated rapidly and none of the natural volatile compounds that were used were effective in extending storage life of the fruit. At low storage temperature (0 degreesC), little difference could be discerned among the various volatile treatments. However, at 10 degreesC storage, raspberries treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), tea tree oil (TTO), or absolute ethyl alcohol had less decay. MJ- and TTO-treated fruit also maintained higher levels of sugars, organic acids and oxygen radical absorbance capacity compared with untreated fruit. Samples treated with acetic acid or vinegar vapour did not differ from control fruit. Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations within the containers during storage revealed that none of the treatments caused accumulation or depletion of these gases to a level that would be harmful to raspberries. Colour measurements of the berries showed that all raspberry fruit became darker and less red after storage, but fruit treated with MJ were found to have the highest intensity of red colour while AITC application caused the berries to appear lighter in colour. C1 ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.1046/j.0950-5423.2003.00758.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 745GD UT WOS:000186680200004 ER PT J AU Spadano, JL Must, A Bandini, LG Dallal, GE Dietz, WH AF Spadano, JL Must, A Bandini, LG Dallal, GE Dietz, WH TI Energy cost of physical activities in 12-y-old girls: MET values and the influence of body weight SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE metabolic equivalents; body weight; children; energy expenditure; physical activity level; treadmill time ID CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; MASS INDEX; EXPENDITURE; CHILDREN; OBESE; OVERWEIGHT; MORTALITY; ADULTS AB BACKGROUND: Few data exist on the energy cost of specific activities in children. The influence of body weight on the energy cost of activity when expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs) has not been vigorously explored. OBJECTIVE: To provide MET data on five specific activities in 12-y-old girls and to test the hypothesis that measured MET values are independent of body weight. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 17 12-y-old girls, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the energy expended while sitting, standing, walking on a flat treadmill at 3.2 and at 4.8 km/h, and walking on a treadmill at a 10% incline at 4.8 km/h were measured using indirect calorimetry. MET values were calculated by dividing the energy expenditure of an activity by the subject's RMR. The influence of body weight was assessed using simple linear regression. Results: The observed METs were more consistent with published values for similar activities in adults than those offered for children. Body weight was a statistically significant predictor of the MET of all three walking activities, but not the MET of sitting or standing. Body weight explained 25% of the variance in the MET value for walking at 3.2 km/h, 39% for walking at 4.8 km/h, and 63% for walking at a 10% incline at 4.8 km/h. CONCLUSION: METs for the three walking activities were not independent of body weight. The use of average MET values to estimate the energy cost of these three activities would result in an underestimation of their energy cost in heavier girls and an overestimation in lighter girls. These results suggest that the estimation of total energy expenditure from activity diary, recall, and direct observation data using average MET values may be biased by body weight. C1 MIT, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spadano, JL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00088]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-50537, DK46200]; PHS HHS [5P30] NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1528 EP 1533 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802440 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 748CK UT WOS:000186844500014 PM 14634685 ER PT J AU Paul, D Jacobs, KA Geor, RJ Hinchcliff, KW AF Paul, D Jacobs, KA Geor, RJ Hinchcliff, KW TI No effect of pre-exercise meal on substrate metabolism and time trial performance during intense endurance exercise SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE fat oxidation; carbohydrate oxidation; stable isotopes; glucose kinetics ID MUSCLE GLYCOGEN; CARBOHYDRATE FEEDINGS; STRENUOUS EXERCISE; HIGH-FAT; INGESTION; PLASMA; OXIDATION; FFA AB To determine the effect of macronutrient composition of pre-exercisc meals on exercise metabolism and performance, 8 trained men exercised for 30 min above lactate threshold (30LT), followed by a 20-km time trial (TT). Approximately 3.5 h before exercise, subjects consumed a carbohydrate meal (C; 3 g carbohydrate/kg), an isoenergetic fat meal (F; 1.3 g fat/kg), or a placebo meal (P; no energy content) on 3 separate occasions in randomized order. Treatments had no effect on carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, but C decreased whole-body fat oxidation during the last 5 min of 30LT and TT, respectively (3.2 +/- 1.6 and 4.8 +/- 2.1 mumol (.) kg(-1) (.) min(-1), p <.05) when compared to F (13.3 +/- 1.6 and 16.5 +/- 2.7 mumol (.) kg(-1) (.) min(-1)) and P (15.9 +/- 2.7 and 17.0 +/- 3.2 mumol (.) kg(-1) (.) min(-1)). Glucose rate of appearance (R-a) and disappearance (R-d), and muscle glycogen utilization were not significantly different among treatments during exercise. TT performances were similar for C, F, and P (32.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 33.1 +/- 1.1 and 33.0 +/- 0.8 min, p >.05). We conclude that the consumption of a pre-exercise meal has minor effects on fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise, and no effect on carbohydrate oxidation or TT performance. C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Phys Act & Educ Serv, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Paul, D (reprint author), USDA, Bldg 308,Ctr Rd, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. OI Hinchcliff, Kenneth/0000-0002-0388-912X NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 489 EP 503 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 756VZ UT WOS:000187506200007 PM 14967872 ER PT J AU Cetin, M Diker, K AF Cetin, M Diker, K TI Assessing drainage problem areas by GIS: A case study in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE GIS; drainage problem areas; flow directions; groundwater salinity; inverse distance weighting method (IDW); spatial interpolation ID IRRIGATION AB Soil productivity is affected by soil physical properties that play a crucial role in planning drainage systems. Improper planning of drainage systems can create high water table problems and, in turn, an unsuitable environment for plant growth. Therefore, drainage systems should be well planned and monitored regularly. It is very labor-intensive and time-consuming to determine the spatial and temporal changes in drainage parameters such as groundwater (GW) depth, elevation, hydraulic gradient and salinity by conventional methods over large areas. Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to assess the spatial and temporal changes efficiently and rapidly. This study was conducted to determine drainage problem areas and to suggest the most suitable drainage systems for those areas by evaluating spatial and temporal changes in GW depth, elevation and salinity, with regard to drainage criteria used by the State Hydraulic Works (DSI) responsible for the development of land and water resources in Turkey. A pilot area of 8494 ha in the Lower Seyhan Plain, Adana, Turkey, was selected. The elevations and coordinates of 85 drainage observation wells were obtained from the existing maps with a scale of 1/5000 and 1/25 000, respectively. The GW depth and GW salinity data, the latter only available for July, were obtained from an archived long-term monthly data set of the 6th Regional Directorate of the DSI. Running ArcView 3.0a, the salinity, as well as the seasonal maps of the GW depth and elevation, were developed to assess the spatial and temporal changes. Results indicated that about 99.8% of the study area was suffering from various levels of drainage problems. Main, secondary and tertiary drainage canals in the region seemed to be malfunctioning due mostly to siltation and weed problems. GW fluctuation did not seem to be of great importance, indicating a need for a subsurface drainage system. It was concluded that some areas are likely to be prone to potential GW salinization risk during the peak irrigation season if in the future, irrigation water is sparingly used and irrigation efficiency is improved. The GW hydraulic gradient did not significantly change temporally, but it did change spatially. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Farm Struct & Irrigat, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, AERC, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cetin, M (reprint author), Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Farm Struct & Irrigat, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 52 IS 4 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1002/ird.100 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 748KD UT WOS:000186860300005 ER PT J AU Paarlberg, PL Lee, JG Seitzinger, AH AF Paarlberg, PL Lee, JG Seitzinger, AH TI The potential impact of an FMD outbreak in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 766GX UT WOS:000188369200044 ER PT J AU Baker, DA Young, DL Huggins, DR Pan, WL AF Baker, DA Young, DL Huggins, DR Pan, WL TI Economically optimal nitrogen fertilization for yield and protein in hard red spring wheat. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 656 EP 656 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 766GX UT WOS:000188369200048 ER PT J AU Casas, E Shackelford, SD Keele, JW Koohmaraie, M Smith, TPL Stone, RT AF Casas, E Shackelford, SD Keele, JW Koohmaraie, M Smith, TPL Stone, RT TI Detection of quantitative trait loci for growth and carcass composition in cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; carcass traits; genetic markers; quantitative trait loci ID BOS-TAURUS; DAIRY-CATTLE; MEAT TENDERNESS; BOVINE GENOME; REGION; MILK; QTL; IDENTIFICATION; PALATABILITY; CHROMOSOME-5 AB The objective of the present study was to, detect quantitative trait loci for economically important traits in a family from a Bos indicus x Bos taurus sire. A Brahman x Hereford sire was used to develop a half-sib family (n = 547). The sire was. mated to Bos taurus cows. Traits analyzed were birth (kg) and weaning weights (kg); hot carcass weight (kg); marbling score; longissimus area (cm(2)); USDA yield grade; estimated kidney, pelvic, and, heart fat (%); fat thickness (cm); fat yield (%); and retail product yield M. Meat tenderness was measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force (kg) at 3 and 14 d postmortem. Two hundred and thirty-eight markers were genotyped in 185 offspring. One hundred and thirty markers were used to genotype the remaining 362 offspring. A total of 312 markers were used in,the final analysis. Seventy-four markers were common to both groups. Significant QTL (expected number of false-positives < 0.05) were observed far birth weight and longissimus area on chromosome 5, for longissimus area on chromosome 6, for retail product yield on chromosome 9, for birth weight on chromosome 21, and for marbling score on chromosome 23. Evidence suggesting (expected number of false-positives < 1) the presence of QTL was detected for several traits. Putative QTL for birth weight were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, and 3, and for weaning weight on chromosome 29. For hot carcass weight, QTL were detected on chromosomes 10, 18, and 29. Four QTL for yield grade were identified on chromosomes 2, 11, 14, and 19. Three QTL for fat thickness were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, and 14. For marbling score, QTL were identified on chromosomes 3, 10, 14, and 27. Four QTL were identified for retail product yield on chromosomes 12, 18, 19, and 29. A QTL for estimated kidney, pelvic, and heart fat was detected on chromosome 15, and a QTL for meat tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force at 3 d postmortem was identified on chromosome 20. Two QTL were detected for meat tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force at 14 d postmortem on chromosomes 20 and 29. These results present a complete scan in all available progeny in this family. Regions underlying QTL need to be assessed in other populations. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 28 TC 159 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2976 EP 2983 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 748UH UT WOS:000186879100007 PM 14677852 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG AF Ramsay, TG TI Porcine leptin inhibits lipogenesis in porcine adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipocyte; leptin; lipogenesis; metabolism; swine ID WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GROWTH-HORMONE-SECRETION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ISOLATED RAT ADIPOCYTES; GENETICALLY-OBESE RATS; FATTY-ACID METABOLISM; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; UNCOUPLING PROTEINS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AB The present study examined whether recombinant porcine leptin alters lipid synthesis in porcine adipocytes. The stromal-vascular cell fraction of neonatal pig subcutaneous. adipose tissue was isolated by collagenase digestion, filtration, and subsequent centrifugation. These cells were seeded on 25-cm(2) tissue culture flasks and proliferated to confluency in 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 (DMEMN12,50:50). Cultures were differentiated using 2.5% pig serum (vol/vol), 10 nM insulin, 100 nM hydrocortisone. After 7 d of lipid filling, cultures were washed free of this medium, incubated overnight in DMEM/F12 containing 2%. pig serum (vol/vol), and then used for experiments. Acute experiments. assessed U-C-14-glucose or, 1-C-14-palmitate metabolism, in cultures exposed to porcine leptin (0 to 1,000 ng/ML medium) for 4 h. Chronic experiments used cultures incubated with 0 to 1,000 ng porcine leptin/mL medium for 44 h before measurements of U-C-14-glucose and 1-C-14-palmitate oxidation and incorporation into lipid. Another experiment examined whether chronic leptin treatment alters insulin responsiveness by including insulin (10 nM) with incubations containing leptin. Leptin had no acute effects on glucose oxidation or conversion to lipid (P > 0.05). Acute-leptin treatment decreased palmitate. incorporation into lipids up to 45% (P < 0.05). Chronic leptin exposure decreased glucose oxidation (21%), total lipid synthesis (18%), and fatty acid synthesis (23%) at 100 ng/mL medium (P < 0.05). Insulin increased rates of glucose oxidation, total lipid, and fatty acid synthesis (P < 0.05); however, chronic exposure to 10 ng leptin/mL medium decreased the effectiveness of 10 nM insulin to affect these measures of glucose metabolism by approximately 18 to 46% (P < 0.05). Higher concentrations of leptin inhibited all effects of insulin on glucose metabolism (P < 0.05). Chronic exposure to leptin increased palmitate oxidation by 36% (P < 0.05). Chronic leptin exposure decreased palmitate incorporation into total lipids by 40% at 100 ng/mL medium (P < 0.05). Lipoprotein lipase activity was not affected (P > 0.05) by leptin. These data indicate that leptin functions to promote partitioning of energy away from lipid accretion within porcine adipose tissue by inhibiting glucose oxidation and lipogenesis indirectly, by decreasing insulin-mediated stimulation of lipogenesis, and by stimulating fatty acid oxidation while inhibiting fatty acid esterification. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3008 EP 3017 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 748UH UT WOS:000186879100011 PM 14677856 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG AF Ramsay, TG TI Porcine leptin inhibits protein breakdown and stimulates fatty acid oxidation in C2C12 myotubes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fatty acid metabolism; leptin; protein breakdown; protein synthesis ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; BODY-COMPOSITION; MYOGENIC CELLS; OB/OB MICE; OB PROTEIN; TRANSPORT; INSULIN; GENE; PROLIFERATION AB This study evaluated the potential mechanism(s) by which leptin treatment inhibits loss of muscle mass with fasting. Cultures Of C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes with 5% (vol/vol) horse serum in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12. These mybtubes were used to assess H-3-tyrosine incorporation and release following incubation with recombinant porcine leptin (0 to 500 ng/mL). Protein synthesis in myotubes, as measured by H-3-tyrosine incorporation, was not affected by leptin treatment (P > 0.05). Protein breakdown in C2C12 myotubes, as measured by H-3-tyrosine release, was inhibited by leptin treatment. A leptin concentration of 0.5 ng/mL was sufficient to inhibit H-3-tyrosine release by 3.5% (P < 0.05); 50 ng/mL produced a maximal inhibition of 10.2% (P < 0.05). Dexamethasone (1 muM) was used to maximally stimulate protein breakdown. Leptin (50 ng/mL leptin) de-creased dexamethasone-induced H-3-tyrosine release by 32% (P < 0.05). The inhibition of H-3-tyrosine release in C2C12 myotubes suggests that leptin produces a protein-sparing effect in vitro by inhibiting protein breakdown. Fatty acid metabolism also was investigated because fatty acids are a major energy. source for muscle during periods of reduced intake, as occurs with leptin treatment. Acute (4 h) and chronic (24 h) exposures to porcine leptin (0 to 500 ng/mL) were used to evaluate C-14-palmitate oxidation. Acute leptin treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on palmitate metabolism. Chronic leptin exposure resulted in up to a 26% increase in palmitate oxidation (P < 0.05). The stimulation of fatty acid oxidation with chronic leptin treatment suggests that leptin spares other energy sources in muscle from oxidation during periods of a leptin-induced decrease in feed intake. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3046 EP 3051 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 748UH UT WOS:000186879100015 PM 14677860 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Southern, LL Bidner, TD Friesen, KG Easter, RA AF Kerr, BJ Southern, LL Bidner, TD Friesen, KG Easter, RA TI Influence of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation, and dietary energy levels on growing-finishing pig performance and carcass composition SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acids; growing-finishing pigs; net energy; temperature ID HEAT-PRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; IDEAL PROTEIN; CRUDE PROTEIN; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; BODY-COMPOSITION; PREDICTION; WEIGHT; LYSINE AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding reduced-CP, AA-supplemented diets at two ambient temperatures (Exp. 1) or three levels of dietary NE (Exp. 2) on pig performance and carcass composition. In Exp. 1, 240 mixed-sex pigs were used to test whether projected differences in heat increment associated with diet composition affect pig performance. There were 10 replications of each treatment with four pigs per pen. For the 28-d trial, average initial and final BW were 28.7 kg and 47.5 kg, respectively. Pigs were maintained in a thermoneutral (23degreesC) or heat-stressed (33degreesC) environment and fed a 16% CP diet, a 12% CP diet, or a 12% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Trp, and Thr (on an as-fed basis). Pigs gained at similar rates when fed the 16% CP diet or the 12% CP diet supplemented with Lys, Trp, and Thr (P > 0.10). Pigs fed the 12% CP, AA-supplemented diet had a gain:feed similar to pigs fed the 16% CP diet when housed in the 23degreesC environment but had a lower gain:feed in the 33degreesC environment (diet x temperature, P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, 702 gilts were allotted to six treatments with nine replicates per treatment. Average initial and final BW were 25.3 and 109.7 kg, respectively. Gilts were fed two levels of CP (high CP with minimal crystalline AA supplementation or low CP with supplementation of Lys, Trp, Thr, and Met) and three levels of NE (high, medium, or low) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. A four-phase feeding program was used, with diets containing apparent digestible Lys levels of 0.96, 0.75, 0.60, and 0.48% switched at a pig BW of 41.0, 58.8, and 82.3 kg, respectively. Pigs fed the low-CP, AA-supplemented diets had rates of growth and feed intake similar to pigs fed the high-CP diets. Dietary NE interacted with CP level for gain:feed (P < 0.06). A decrease in dietary NE from the highest NE level decreased gain:feed in pigs fed the high-CP diet; however, gain:feed declined in pigs fed the low-CP, AA-supplemented diet only when dietary NE was decreased to the lowest level. There was a slight reduction in longissimus area in pigs fed the low-CP diets (P < 0.08), but other estimates of carcass muscle did not differ (P > 0.10). These data suggest that pigs fed low-CP, AA-supplemented diets have performance and carcass characteristics similar to pigs fed higher levels of CP and that alterations in dietary NE do not have a discernible effect on pig performance or carcass composition. C1 USDA ARS, MWA, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, MWA, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, NSRIC 2167, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 46 TC 63 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3075 EP 3087 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 748UH UT WOS:000186879100019 PM 14677864 ER PT J AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, DR TI Challenges in measuring insoluble dietary fiber SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; detergent fiber; dietary fiber; fiber analysis; repeatability; reproducibility ID NEUTRAL-DETERGENT FIBER; FOOD-PRODUCTS; NONSTARCH POLYSACCHARIDES; GRAVIMETRIC METHOD; LIGNIN; NUTRITION; CARBOHYDRATE; RECOVERY; AMYLASE; FORAGES AB Objectives of this review are to define criteria for evaluating insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) methods, discuss their relevance in meeting the nutritional needs of ruminants and herbivores, describe problems with empirical IDF methods, and assess their relative merits. The challenge for the researcher, nutritionist, and analyst is to select fiber methods that are relevant and reproducible. Without relevance, there is no reason to measure IDF, and without reproducibility, there is no value in doing so. Insoluble dietary fiber is a complex matrix of chemical components, and there are no primary standards that can be used to establish the validity of methods. Thus, the definition of fiber is crucial in determining method relevance. For ruminants and nonruminant herbivores, the appropriate physiological definition for selecting IDF methods may be as follows: the organic fraction of the diet that is indigestible or slowly digesting and occupies space in the gastrointestinal tract. Crude fiber does not match this definition, and its use should be abandoned. Acid detergent fiber does not measure all IDF but is useful when included with other dietary fiber methods to describe some feeds. Several current methods, including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and enzymatic-gravimetric methods, are relevant for measuring IDF. In a collaborative study, aNDF obtained a standard deviation of reproducibility (SDR) of 1.3%. Enzymatic-gravimetric methods of measuring IDF have been evaluated using too few feed materials to make statistically valid conclusions, but the SDR of IDF, for the few feeds evaluated, were similar to aNDF (0.9 to 2.4%). The enzymatic-chemical method of measuring IDF as the sum of insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin agrees with NDF, but the SDR Of neutral sugar analysis using acid hydrolysis and chromatography is greater (3.2%) than other dietary fiber methods. Empirical methods-such as those used to measure IDF, although based on nutritional concepts-actually define the fraction being measured and must be followed exactly, without modification. The selection of a suitable method for IDF depends on the purpose of analysis. Analysis of sugars in insoluble polysaccharides provides more information but is less reproducible and more expensive to obtain. For routine nutritive evaluation of feeds and formulation of rations, aNDF seems to be a reasonable choice for measuring IDF based on relevance and reproducibility. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3233 EP 3249 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 748UH UT WOS:000186879100036 PM 14677881 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Sistani, KR Rowe, DR Branton, SL Lott, BD AF Miles, DM Sistani, KR Rowe, DR Branton, SL Lott, BD TI Rearing temperature is inconsequential to broiler phosphorus excretion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; environment; manure; phosphorus; temperature ID PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; DIETARY PHOSPHORUS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CORN; PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENT; NUTRITION; RETENTION AB A feeding trial was conducted to determine the influence of rearing temperature on P excretion by male broilers. Experimental diets were formulated with three levels of dietary available P (aP): control at 0.38% aP, control less 20% or 0.304% aP of diet, and control plus 20% or 0.456% aP of diet. From 21 to 40 d of age, broilers were fed the experimental diet. Broilers were housed in grow-out batteries inside environmental chambers that provided a constant temperature of 16, 21, or 26degreesC. Manure was sampled at 25 d (a baseline sample in which all birds had been on the control diet) then twice weekly to 40 d. Excreted fecal P ranged from 1.7 to 2.3%, with a significant effect due to the dietary aP level. Environmental temperature did not impact manure P, irrespective of dietary aP. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Poultry Sci Extens, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dmmiles@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 763FB UT WOS:000188063300001 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Berrang, ME Smith, DP Jones, DR AF Northcutt, JK Berrang, ME Smith, DP Jones, DR TI Effect of commercial bird washers on broiler carcass microbiological characteristics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; carcass contamination; bird washer ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CONTAMINATION AB A study was conducted to determine the effects of commercial bird washers on broiler carcass microbiological characteristics. Broiler carcasses were removed from the processing line in 3 different commercial facilities immediately before and after the inside-outside bird washer (IOBW). Whole carcass rinses were analyzed for coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total aerobic bacteria. Coliform, E. coli, and total aerobic bacteria counts on carcasses varied among the processing plants evaluated (P < 0.05); however, no difference was found for carcass coliform or E. coli counts due to washing in the IOBW. Total aerobic bacteria decreased significantly on carcasses from plant 3 (4.4 log(10) versus 3.8 log(10)) after washing in the IOBW, but this trend did not occur at all of the plants evaluated. These data show that use of the IOBW may not significantly reduce carcass coliform or E. coli counts. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 435 EP 438 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 763FB UT WOS:000188063300009 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Northcutt, JK AF Smith, DP Northcutt, JK TI Red discoloration of fully cooked chicken products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red discoloration; chicken meat redness; cooked chicken survey ID PINK DISCOLORATION; BROILER THIGHS; POULTRY MEAT; COLOR; TURKEY; TEMPERATURE; SLAUGHTER; DONENESS; STORAGE; MUSCLE AB Internal red discoloration of fully cooked, bone-in chicken products is considered a quality defect because consumers perceive that the meat is undercooked and unsafe for consumption. Sporadic occurrences of discoloration seem to be widespread within the industry, but no data are available to adequately assess the incidence or severity of this problem. Therefore, products typically available to the consumer either directly from the supermarket or indirectly through a wholesaler were evaluated to determine the relative occurrence and severity of internal red discoloration. Commercially fully cooked breasts, thighs, and drums were objectively and subjectively evaluated for internal red discoloration with the following product types: fried chicken from a supermarket deli, rotisserie chicken from a supermarket deli, frozen fried chicken from a supermarket freezer case, and, frozen fried chicken available wholesale as a commodity item. Overall, 11% of products sampled would likely generate consumer complaints or rejection, as 10.6 and 0.4% were scored as extensively or severely discolored, respectively. Of the remaining products, 60.5% had little or no discoloration, and 28.5% showed slight to moderate discoloration. The fried deli product seemed to have less discoloration than the other products tested. Objectively, breasts were less discolored than thighs or drums, and discoloration in the thigh was redder than breast or drum discoloration. The discolored areas in each piece were both darker and redder than nondiscolored (normal) areas within each piece. Red discoloration seems to be a persistent problem at a relatively low level and varies among product types. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 515 EP 521 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 763FB UT WOS:000188063300019 ER PT J AU Klesius, P Lovy, J Evans, J Washuta, E Arias, C AF Klesius, P Lovy, J Evans, J Washuta, E Arias, C TI Isolation of Edwardsiella ictaluri from tadpole madtom in a southwestern New Jersey river SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CATFISH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRAINS; FISH; PCR AB In 2002, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife biologists conducted an aquatic assessment in a section of the Cohansey River in Cumberland County. Three of seven tadpole madtoms Noturus gyrinus collected were observed to have an ulcerative lesion on the head between the eyes. Gram-negative, oxidase-negative rods were isolated from the head kidneys of two of the madtoms and from the cranial ulcer of the third madtom. Four different identification methods API-20E, whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), BIOLOG, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences-ascribed the isolates to the species Edwardsiella ictaluri. A phenotypic comparison using FAME and BIOLOG data revealed that E. ictaluri isolates from wild madtoms shared a high degree of similarity to E. ictaluri isolates from cultured channel catfish with enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) from southeastern states. However, fingerprinting by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) demonstrated that the three madtom isolates were genetically different from the other E. ictaluri isolates. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by using the tadpole madtom E. ictaluri isolate in juvenile channel catfish. Sixty percent mortality was achieved in intraperitoneal injection of catfish with the isolate (1 X 10(4) colony-forming units/fish), produced 60% mortality. The results indicate that the ictalurid tadpole madtom is susceptible to ESC by natural infection. This is the first report of a bacterial disease affecting tadpole madtoms. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. Bur Freshwater Fisheries, New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Oxford, NJ 07863 USA. Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Arias, C (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM ariascr@acesag.auburn.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1577/H03-026.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 842MF UT WOS:000223007700005 ER PT J AU Ffolliott, PF Gottfried, GJ Cohen, Y Schiller, G AF Ffolliott, PF Gottfried, GJ Cohen, Y Schiller, G TI Transpiration by dryland oaks: studies in the south-western United States and Northern Israel SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE dryland oaks; Quercus; transpiration; water use; sap flow; heat pulse velocity method ID HEAT PULSE VELOCITY; SAP FLOW; WATER-USE; FOREST; TREES; EUCALYPTUS; CLIMATE; GROWTH; YIELD AB Increased understanding of transpiration by dryland oaks in the woodlands of the southwestern United States and northern Israel has been obtained from studies in the two countries. Transpiration was estimated in both studies by the heat pulse velocity (HPV) method in stands of Quercus emoryi, a drought-deciduous species growing in the south-western United States, and stands supporting Q. ithaburensis, a deciduous oak, and Q. calliprinos, an evergreen oak, in northern Israel. Estimates of daily transpiration rates by individual trees and annual transpiration amounts on a stand basis indicate that depending on the species and stand structure, 45-80% of the precipitation inputs to the stands sampled are represented by transpiration component of the respective hydrologic cycles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Ffolliott, PF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 325 Biol Sci,E Bldg,POB 210043, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 595 EP 605 AR PII S0140-1963(02)00290-2 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00290-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729FN UT WOS:000185762500002 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC Herrick, JE Ritchie, CA AF Ritchie, JC Herrick, JE Ritchie, CA TI Variability in soil redistribution in the northern Chihuahuan Desert based on (137)Cesium measurements SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE cesium-137; Chihuahuan Desert; soil redistribution; mesquite; grassland ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; MESQUITE DUNELANDS; FORMER GRASSLANDS; DESERTIFICATION; RATES; ACCUMULATION; CESIUM-137; EROSION; USA AB A hypothesis for understanding the stability of northern Chihuahuan Desert landscapes is that the distribution of soil resources changes from spatially homogeneous in and grasslands to spatially heterogeneous in invading shrublands. Since radioactive fallout (137)Cesium (Cs-137) was deposited uniformly across the landscape during the 1950s and 1960s and was quickly adsorbed to soil particles, any redistribution of Cs-137 across the landscape would be due to soil redistribution or instability at either plant-interspaces or on a landscape scale. The concentration of (CS)-C-137 in soils collected from different vegetation communities (black grama grass, tarbush, tobosa grass, and mesquite) at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico was determined. At the black grama grass and tobosa grass sites, Cs-137 was uniformly distributed at the plant interspace scale. At the mesquite sites, Cs-137 was concentrated in the dune area under mesquite shrubs with little to no Cs-137 in the interdune areas. Cs-137 data support the hypothesis that significant soil redistribution has occurred at dune sites created by invading mesquite. In the and grassland-shrub sites with black grama grass, tobosa grass, and tarbush the Cs-137 data support the hypothesis of spatially homogeneous distribution of soil resources. High concentrations of Cs-137 in the biological soil crusts (0-5mm) at the tarbush sites indicate that biological soil crusts can contribute to the stability of these sites. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Bot Consultant, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 737 EP 746 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00315-4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729FN UT WOS:000185762500011 ER PT J AU Sirvent, TM Krasnoff, SB Gibson, DM AF Sirvent, TM Krasnoff, SB Gibson, DM TI Induction of hypericins and hyperforins in Hypericum perforatum in response to damage by herbivores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypericum perforatum; induced resistance; Chrysolina quadrigemina; hypericins; hyperforin; herbivory; defense response; plant-herbivore interactions ID PLANT DEFENSE; INSECTS; COEVOLUTION; L.; ADAPTATIONS; ARABIDOPSIS; LEPIDOPTERA; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; PROTEINS AB Plants respond to herbivore and pathogen attack by a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms that include the induction of secondary metabolites. The phytomedicinal plant Hypericum perforatum L. produces two different classes of secondary metabolites: hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiherbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these compounds are part of the herbivore- specific inducible plant defense system, we used an in vitro detached assay to assess the effects of specialist and generalist herbivore damage on the levels of hypericins and hyperforin. Greenhouse- grown H. perforatum plant sections were challenged with the specialist, Chrysolina quadrigemina, or with one of the following generalist feeders: Spilosoma virginica, Spilosoma congrua, or Spodoptera exigua. Feeding by the specialist beetle or mechanical wounding caused little change in phytochemical levels in plant tissue, whereas the small amount of feeding by the generalists caused 30 - 100% increases in hypericins and hyperforin as compared to control levels. Although the leaf damage index of the specialist feeding was 2.7 times greater, C. quadrigemina had little effect on H. perforatum chemical defenses in response to feeding damage in comparison to generalist feeding. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. RP Sirvent, TM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Chem, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2667 EP 2681 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000008011.77213.64 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZK UT WOS:000187278100004 PM 14969354 ER PT J AU Mauget, SA AF Mauget, SA TI Multidecadal regime shifts in US streamflow, precipitation, and temperature at the end of the twentieth century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; NORTH PACIFIC; SUMMER DROUGHT; SOIL-MOISTURE; TRENDS; SURFACE; OSCILLATION; PERSPECTIVE; FREQUENCY AB Intra- to multidecadal variation in annual streamflow, precipitation, and temperature over the continental United States are evaluated here through the calculation of Mann-Whitney U statistics over running-time windows of 6-30-yr duration. When this method is demonstrated on time series of nationally averaged annual precipitation and mean temperature during 1896-2001, it reveals that 8 of the 10 wettest years occurred during the last 29 yr of that 106-yr period, and 6 of the 10 warmest years during the last 16. Both of these results indicate highly significant departures from long-term stationarity in U. S. climate at the end of the twentieth century. The effects of increased wetness are primarily evident in the central and eastern United States, while evidence of warmth is found throughout the Rocky Mountain region and in the West. Analysis of annual streamflow records across the United States during 1939-98 shows broadly consistent effects. Initial evidence of the recent wet regime is most apparent in eastern streamflow, which shows a clear pattern of high-ranked mean annual values during the 1970s. Over the midwestern states, a coherent pattern of high-ranked annual flow is found during multidecadal periods beginning during the late 1960s and early 1970s and ending in either 1997 or 1998. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a significant incidence of low-ranked annual flow conditions throughout the West was roughly coincident with the onset of western warmth during the mid-1980s. Evidence of highly significant transitions to wetter and warmer conditions nationally, and consistent variation in streamflow analyses, suggests that increased hydrological surplus in the central and eastern United States and increased hydrological deficit in the West may be representative of the initial stages of climate change over the continental United States. C1 USDA ARS, USDA Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mauget, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, USDA Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. NR 46 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 23 BP 3905 EP 3916 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3905:MRSIUS>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 745JA UT WOS:000186684500005 ER PT J AU Borucki, MK Call, DR AF Borucki, MK Call, DR TI Listeria monocytogenes serotype identification by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS; STRAINS; GENE; DNA; SEQUENCE; DISCRIMINATION AB Serotyping is a universally accepted subtyping method for Listeria monocytogenes. Identification of the strain serotype permits differentiation between important food-borne strains (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) and provides a "gold standard" for comparing isolates analyzed in different labs and with different techniques. Although an efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serotyping protocol was described recently, identification of PCR serotyping primers would further increase the ease and accessibility of this classification system. Serotyping PCR primers were designed from variable regions of the L. monocytogenes genome. Three primer sets were used in conjunction with a previously described Division III primer set in order to classify 122 L. monocytogenes strains into five serotype groups [1/2a(3a), 1/2b, 1/2c(3c), 4b(d,e), and 4a/c]. Results of the PCR method agreed with those of the conventional slide agglutination method for 97, 100, 94, and 91% of strains belonging to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, respectively. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 31 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 5537 EP 5540 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5537-5540.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 753JT UT WOS:000187228800026 PM 14662936 ER PT J AU Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Kappmeyer, LS Scoles, GA Knowles, DP AF Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Kappmeyer, LS Scoles, GA Knowles, DP TI Expression of equi merozoite antigen 2 during development of Babesia equi in the midgut and salivary gland of the vector tick Boophilus microplus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA TRANSMISSION; SURFACE PROTEIN; PRION PROTEIN; EPITOPE; ANTIBODY; MICROTI; LAVERAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IDENTIFICATION; DEFINES AB Equi merozoite antigens 1 and 2 (EMA-1 and EMA-2) are Babesia equi proteins expressed on the parasite surface during infection in horses and are orthologues of proteins in Theileria spp., which are also tick-transmitted protozoal pathogens. We determined in this study whether EMA-1 and EMA-2 were expressed within the vector tick Boophilus microplus. B. equi transitions through multiple, morphologically distinct stages, including sexual stages, and these transitions culminate in the formation of infectious sporozoites in the tick salivary gland. EMA-2-positive B. equi stages in the midgut lumen and midgut epithelial cells of Boophilus microplus nymphs were identified by reactivity with monoclonal antibody 36/253.21. This monoclonal antibody also recognized B. equi in salivary glands of adult Boophilus microplus. In addition, quantification of B. equi in the mammalian host and vector tick indicated that the duration of tick feeding and parasitemia levels affected the percentage of nymphs that contained morphologically distinct B. equi organisms in the midgut. In contrast, there was no conclusive evidence that B. equi EMA-1 was expressed in either the Boophilus microplus midgut or salivary gland when monoclonal antibody 36/18.57 was used. The expression of B. equi EMA-2 in Boophilus microplus provides a marker for detecting the various development stages and facilitates the identification of novel stage-specific Babesia proteins for testing transmission-blocking immunity. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Knowles, DP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 5803 EP 5809 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5803-5809.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 753JT UT WOS:000187228800078 PM 14662988 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Rathfelder, KM Lang, J Abriola, LM AF Bradford, SA Rathfelder, KM Lang, J Abriola, LM TI Entrapment and dissolution of DNAPLs in heterogeneous porous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL); dissolution; entrapment; wettability; heterogeneity; interfacial area ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; PRESSURE-SATURATION RELATIONSHIPS; MASS-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; LONG-TERM DISSOLUTION; FRACTIONAL WETTABILITY; SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; RESIDUAL TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; FIELD EXPERIMENT; TRANSFER RATES AB Two-dimensional multiphase flow and transport simulators were refined and used to numerically investigate the entrapment and dissolution behavior of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in heterogeneous porous media containing spatial variations in wettability. Measured hydraulic properties, residual saturations, and dissolution parameters were employed in these simulations. Entrapment was quantified using experimentally verified hydraulic property and residual saturation models that account for hysteresis and wettability variations. The nonequilibrium dissolution of PCE was modeled using independent estimates of the film mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area for entrapped and continuous (PCE pools or films) saturations. Flow simulations demonstrate that the spatial distribution of PCE is highly dependent on subsurface wettability characteristics that create differences in PCE retention mechanisms and the presence of subsurface capillary barriers. For a given soil texture, the maximum and minimum PCE infiltration depth was obtained when the sand had intermediate (an organic-wet mass fraction of 25%) and strong (water- or organic-wet) wettability conditions, respectively. In heterogeneous systems, subsurface wettability variations were also found to enhance or diminish the performance of soil texture-induced capillary barriers. The dissolution behavior of PCE was found to depend on the soil wettability and the spatial PCE distribution. Shorter dissolution times tended to occur when PCE was distributed over large regions due to an increased access of flowing water to the PCE. In heterogeneous systems, capillary barriers that produced high PCE saturations tended to exhibit longer dissolution times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04911] NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00071-8 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 747MR UT WOS:000186808700009 PM 14607474 ER PT J AU Vallejo, RL Li, YL Rogers, GW Ashwell, MS AF Vallejo, RL Li, YL Rogers, GW Ashwell, MS TI Genetic diversity and background linkage disequilibrium in the North American Holstein cattle population SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE background linkage disequilibrium; genetic diversity; Holstein; linkage disequilibrium ID GENOME-WIDE DISTRIBUTION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ANCESTRAL HAPLOTYPE; DISEASE GENES; DAIRY-CATTLE; TRAIT LOCI; MILK-YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; MUTATION AB The objectives of this study were to 1) identify highly heterozygous Holstein bulls that are as unrelated as possible and widely used in the US dairy industry; 2) quantify the level of genetic diversity in US Holsteins; and 3) determine the extent of background linkage disequilibrium (BLD) and disease trait associated linkage disequilibrium (DLD) in the US Holstein population. Twenty-three Holstein bulls that are not closely related but were widely used in the US dairy industry were genotyped for 54 microsatellite loci. The genotyping was performed on automated DNA sequencers (PE Applied Biosystems, CA), following polymerase chain reaction amplification with fluorescent dye-labeled primers. The heterozygosity for the sampled population ranged from 0.43 to 0.80. This wide range of heterozygosity allows selection of the most heterozygous bulls to develop informative families for gene mapping studies. The degree of genetic diversity in this population is significant and allows selection for traits of economic importance. As expected, there is extensive linkage disequilibrium (DLD) in the US Holstein population. About half of the syntenic marker pairs presented a typical pattern of LD produced by DLD. Most of the nonsyntenic marker pairs had a typical pattern of LD arising from BLD. These results suggest that the observed LD is not purely due to genetic drift and migration and that a portion might be due to DLD. This raises our hopes of successful fine-localization of genes for complex traits using LD mapping. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vallejo, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 12 BP 4137 EP 4147 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 752TU UT WOS:000187183900041 PM 14740855 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Coiner, CU Soder, KJ AF Rotz, CA Coiner, CU Soder, KJ TI Automatic milking systems, farm size, and milk production SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE robotic milking; farm simulation; economics; DAFOSYM ID ROBOTIC MILKING; CAPACITY; QUALITY AB Automatic milking systems (AMS) offer relief from the demanding routine of milking. Although many AMS are in use in Europe and a few are used in the United States, the potential benefit for American farms is uncertain. A farm-simulation model was used to determine the long-term, whole-farm effect of implementing AMS on farm sizes of 30 to 270 cows. Highest farm net return to management and unpaid factors was when AMS were used at maximal milking capacity. Adding stalls to increase milking frequency and possibly increase production generally did not improve net return. Compared with new traditional milking systems, the greatest potential economic benefit was a single-stall AMS on a farm size of 60 cows at a moderate milk production level (8600 kg/cow). On other farm sizes using single-stall type robotic units, losses in annual net return of $0 to $300/cow were projected, with the greatest losses on larger farms and at high milk production (10,900 kg/cow). Systems with one robot serving multiple stalls provided a greater net return than single-stall systems, and this net return was competitive with traditional parlors for 50- to 130-cow farm sizes. The potential benefit of AMS was improved by $100/cow per year if the AMS increased production an additional 5%. A 20% reduction in initial equipment cost or doubling milking labor cost also improved annual net return of an AMS by up to $100/cow. Annual net return was reduced by $110/cow, though, if the economic life of the AMS was reduced by 3 yr for a more rapid depreciation than that normally used with traditional milking systems. Thus, under current assumptions, the economic return for an AMS was similar to that of new parlor systems on smaller farms when the milking capacity of the AMS was well matched to herd size and milk production level. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 12 BP 4167 EP 4177 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 752TU UT WOS:000187183900045 PM 14740859 ER PT J AU Nansen, C Campbell, JF Phillips, TW Mullen, MA AF Nansen, C Campbell, JF Phillips, TW Mullen, MA TI The impact of spatial structure on the accuracy of contour maps of small data sets SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IPM; contour mapping; semivariogram; spatial analysis; Trogoderma variabile ID COLEOPTERA; PESTS AB Spatial analysis of insect counts provides important information about how insect species respond to the heterogeneity of a given sampling space. Contour mapping is widely used to visualize spatial pest distribution patterns in anthropogenic environments, and in this study we outlined recommendations regarding semivariogram analysis of small data sets (N<50). Second, we examined how contour maps based upon linear kriging were affected by the spatial structure of the given data set, as error estimation of contour maps appears to have received little attention in the entomological domain. We used weekly trap catches of the warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile, and the accuracy assessment was based upon data sets that had either a random spatial structure or were characterized by asymptotic spatial dependence. Asymptotic spatial dependence (typically described with a semivariogram analysis) means that trap catches at locations close to each other are more similar than trap catches at locations further apart. Trap catches were poorly predicted for data sets with a random spatial structure, while there was a significant correlation between observed and predicted trap catches for the spatially rearranged data sets. Therefore, for data sets with a random spatial structure we recommend visualization of the insect counts as scale-sized dots rather than as contour maps. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Nansen, C (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1617 EP 1625 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1617 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500001 PM 14977096 ER PT J AU Cook, SP Webb, RE Podgwaite, JD Reardon, RC AF Cook, SP Webb, RE Podgwaite, JD Reardon, RC TI Increased mortality of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) exposed to gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus in conibination with the phenolic gycoside salicin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; phenolic gylcosides; salicin; Gypchek; Populus ID FIELD CONDITIONS; QUAKING ASPEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BACULOVIRUS; GYPCHEK; POPULATIONS; GLYCOSIDES; FOLIAGE; ECOLOGY; POPULUS AB Second instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), larvae suffered significantly greater mortality from aerially applied gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gypchek) when the virus was consumed on quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., versus red oak, Quercus spp. L., foliage, Laboratory assays in which various doses of Gypchek and salicin (a phenolic glycoside present in aspen foliage) were tested in combination demonstrated that salicin significantly increased total larval mortality and lowered the LD50 estimates (dose of Gypchek that resulted in 50% population mortality) for the virus, although not significantly. While salicin did not impact larval survival in the absence of Gypcek, it did act to significantly deter feeding when it was present in high concentrations (up to 5.0%) within the treatment formulations. The enhanced activity of Gypchek in the presence of salicin is similar to prior reports of enhanced activity of the bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis when consumed concurrently with phenolic glycosides commonly present in aspen foliage. The enhancement of viral activity is in contrast to the inhibitory effects on the virus reported for another common group of phenolic compounds, tannins. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Tecnol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Cook, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1662 EP 1667 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1662 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500006 PM 14977101 ER PT J AU Zhang, ML Crocker, RL Mankin, RW Flanders, KL Brandhorst-Hubbard, JL AF Zhang, ML Crocker, RL Mankin, RW Flanders, KL Brandhorst-Hubbard, JL TI Acoustic identification and measurement of activity patterns of white grubs in soil SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae; sound; soil insects; turfgrass ID STORED WHEAT; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; COLEOPTERA; INSECTS; WOOD; CURCULIONIDAE; BOSTRICHIDAE; POPULATIONS; EMISSIONS; TERMITES AB Activity patterns of Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister), Phyllophaga congrua (LeConte), Phyllophaga crassissima (Blanchard), and Cyclocephala lurida (Bland) grubs were monitored with acoustic sensors in small pots of bluegrass, Poa arachnifera Torr, at varying and constant temperatures over multiple-day periods. Experienced listeners readily distinguished three types of sound with distinct differences in frequency and temporal patterns, intensities, and durations. Of approximate to3,000 sounds detected from P. crinita larvae, 7% were identifiable as snaps, with large amplitudes and short durations typically associated with root breakage or clipping activity. Approximately 60% were identifiable as rustles, suggestive of surfaces sliding or rubbing past each other during general movement activity. Another 2% of sounds contained patterns of repeated pulses suggestive of surfaces scraping across a pointed ridge. The remaining 31% bad spectral or temporal patterns that fell outside the ranges of easily recognizable sound types. Because the behavioral significance of the different sound types has not yet been fully established, the classified and unclassified sounds were pooled together in analyses of the effects of species, temperature, weight, and time of day. Grubs of all four species produced detectable sounds at rates that increased with temperature [0.45 sounds/((min)(degreesC))] and larval weight [6.3 sounds/((min)(g))]. Mean sound rates were independent of species and time of day. At temperatures <9degreesC, mean sound rates fell below the typical levels of background noise observed under field conditions. This reduced activity at low temperatures is likely to reduce the effectiveness of acoustic monitoring in the field in cold weather. The consistency of results obtained in these tests over multiple-day periods suggests that acoustic systems have potential as tools for nondestructive monitoring of the efficacy of insect management treatments as well as for biological and ecological studies. C1 Texas A&M Univ, REC, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, REC, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM rmankin@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 31 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1704 EP 1710 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1704 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500011 PM 14977106 ER PT J AU Jang, EB Holler, T Cristofaro, M Lux, S Raw, AS Moses, AL Carvalho, LA AF Jang, EB Holler, T Cristofaro, M Lux, S Raw, AS Moses, AL Carvalho, LA TI Improved attractants for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann): Responses of sterile and wild flies to (-) enantiomer of ceralure B1 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; TRIMEDLURE AB Tests were conducted on wild Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capiata (Wiedemann), in Hawaii, Italy, and Kenya, and on sterile released flies in Florida and California with a new male attractant, (-)-ceralure B1. Compared on an equal dosage basis, Mediterranean fruit fly males were significantly more attracted to the (-)-ceralure B1 than to trimedlure in each of the sites tested except for California. Compared with the standard commercial 2 g trimedlure plug, 10 mg applied on cotton wicks (Kauai) was as attractive to wild males as trimedlure after the first 2 d of the test but not after 7 d. At a dose of 40 mg (50 times less than in the 2-g plug), the (-)-ceralure B1 was significantly more attractive to male flies than the 2-g trimedlure plug for the first week of service (Florida) but not after 2 wk. Studies using released sterile flies in Florida confirm our previous work on the improved attraction of (-)-ceralure B1 (40 mg) over trimedlure. However, this trend did not hold up in a single test conducted in a residential area in California that did not show a significant difference in attraction using 20 mg of compound. Future refinements in synthesis and costs of this compound and increased availability and testing will be needed before any final evaluation in the field can be carried out. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth & Technol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. ENEA, CR Casaccia, BIOTEC, I-00060 Rome, Italy. Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. US FDA, CDER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Jang, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM ejang@pbarc.ars.usda.gov RI Lux, Slawomir/G-1731-2012 OI Lux, Slawomir/0000-0001-5978-1145 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1723 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1719 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500013 PM 14977108 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Hofmeyer, JH AF Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Hofmeyer, JH TI Radiation biology and inherited sterility in false codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptophlebia leucotreta; sterile insect technique; gamma radiation; fecundity; fertility ID LEUCOTRETA MEYRICK LEPIDOPTERA; CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; INUNDATIVE RELEASES; ARGYROPLOCE-LEUCOTRETA; SEX-PHEROMONE; CITRUS; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE AB False codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), male and female mature pupae and newly emerged adults were treated with increasing doses of gamma radiation and either inbred or out-crossed with fertile counterparts. For newly emerged adults, there was no significant relationship between dose of radiation and insect fecundity when untreated females were mated to treated males (Nfemale by Tmale). However, fecundity of treated females mated to either untreated (Tfemale by Nmale) or treated males (Tfemale by Tmale) declined as the dose of radiation increased. A similar trend was observed when mature pupae were treated. The dose at which 100% sterility was achieved in treated females mated to untreated males (Tfemale by Nmale) for both adults and pupae was 200 Gy. In contrast, newly emerged adult males treated with 350 Gy still had a residual fertility of 5.2% when mated to untreated females, and newly emerged adult males that were treated as pupae had a residual fertility of 3.3%. Inherited effects resulting from irradiation of parental (P-1) males with selected doses of radiation were recorded for the F-1 generation. Decreased F-1 fecundity and fertility, increased F-1 mortality during development, and a significant shift in the F-1 sex ratio in favor of males was observed when increasing doses of radiation were applied to the P-1 males. C1 IAEA, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protet & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Citrus Res Int, ZA-7340 Citrusdal, South Africa. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), IAEA, 429 Meadow Ridge Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM jcarpenter@tifton.usda.gov NR 39 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1724 EP 1731 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1724 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500014 PM 14977109 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, DB TI Nontarget insects captured in fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) surveillance traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE McPhail Trap; Tephritidae; fruit fly lures; nontarget insects; citrus pests ID ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; MCPHAIL TRAPS AB Traps baited with synthetic lures (ammonium acetate and putrescine) captured as many Mexican fruit flies as the traditional torula yeast/borax slurry, but with far fewer (ratio 5:1) nontarget insects. Ninety percent of the nontarget insects were dipterans. Consequently, neither trap is efficacious against other citrus Pests, which are mainly Hemiptera or Lepidoptera. Although the nontarget catch is sometimes referred to as "trash," many nontarget insects are beneficials, including predators and parasites (especially tachinids). The traps with synthetic lures killed fewer of these beneficials by a ratio of 4:1 compared with the yeast-baited traps. Certain taxa, notably the chrysopids and halictid bees, exhibited a somewhat greater preference (10 and 50%, respectively) for the synthetic lures. Overall, with regard to the deployment of the newer baits, the threat to predators, parasites, and pollinators was found to be negligible, and certainly much less than that posed by the traditional traps. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1732 EP 1737 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1732 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500015 PM 14977110 ER PT J AU Zhang, ML Crocker, RL Mankin, RW Flanders, KL Brandhorst-Hubbard, JL AF Zhang, ML Crocker, RL Mankin, RW Flanders, KL Brandhorst-Hubbard, JL TI Acoustic estimation of infestations and population densities of white grubs (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) in turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae; sound; remote sensing; turfgrass ID STORED WHEAT; INSECTS; GRAIN; SOIL; TERMITES; EMISSION; KERNELS; WOOD AB Incidental sounds produced by Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Cyclocephala lurida (Bland) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) white grubs were monitored with single- and multiple-sensor acoustic detection systems in turf fields and golf course fairways in Texas. The maximum detection range of an individual acoustic sensor was measured in a greenhouse as approximately the area enclosed in a 26.5-cm-diameter perimeter (552 cm(2)). A single-sensor acoustic system was used to rate the likelihood of white grub infestation at monitored sites, and a four-sensor array was used to count the numbers of white grubs at sites where infestations were identified. White grub population densities were acoustically estimated by dividing the estimated numbers of white grubs by the area of the detection range. For comparisons with acoustic monitoring methods, infestations were assessed also by examining 10-cm-diameter soil cores collected with a standard golf cup-cutter. Both acoustic and cup-cutter assessments of infestation and estimates of white grub population densities were verified by excavation and sifting of the soil around the sensors after each site was monitored. The single-sensor acoustic method was more successful in assessing infestations at a recording site than was the cup-cutter method, possibly because the detection range was larger than the area of the soil core. White grubs were recovered from >90% of monitored sites rated at medium or high likelihood of infestation. Infestations were successfully identified at 23 of the 24 sites where white grubs were recovered at densities >50/m(2), the threshold for economic damage. The four-sensor array yielded the most accurate estimates of the numbers of white grubs in the detection range, enabling reliable, nondestructive estimation of white grub population densities. However, tests with the array took longer and were more difficult to perform than tests with the single sensor. C1 Texas A&M Univ, REC, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, Cytr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, REC, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM rmankin@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1770 EP 1779 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1770 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500019 PM 14977114 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Miller, NW Stark, JD AF Vargas, RI Miller, NW Stark, JD TI Field trials of spinosad as a replacement for naled, DDVP, and malathion in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill male oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spinosad; methyl eugenol; cue-lure; oriental fruit fly; melon fly ID FLY DIPTERA; MALE-ANNIHILATION; AREA; ERADICATION; MANAGEMENT; ISLANDS; BAIT; FORMULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES AB Spinosad was evaluated in Hawaii as a replacement for organophosphate insecticides (naled, dichlorvos [DDVP],and malathion) in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, and melon fly, B. cucurbitae Coquillett, respectively. In the first and second methyl eugenol trials with B. dorsalis, naled was in the highest rated group for all evaluation periods (at 5,10,15, and 20 wk). Spinosad was equal to naled at 5 and 10 wk during both trials 1 and 2, and compared favorably with malathion during trial 2. During the first cue-lure trial with B. cucurbitae, naled and malathion Were in the top rated group at 5, 10,15, and 20 wk. Spinosad was equal to naled at 5 wk. During the second cue-lure trial, spinosad and naled were both in the top rated group at 10, 15, and 20 wk. Use of mate lure traps with methyl eugenol or cue-lure had no effect on attraction of females into test areas. Our results suggest that spinosad, although not as persistent as naled or malathion, is safer to handle and a more environmentally friendly substitute for organophosphate insecticides in methyl eugenol and cue-lure traps for use in B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae areawide integrated pest management programs in Hawaii. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1780 EP 1785 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1780 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500020 PM 14977115 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Berg, RK AF Hesler, LS Berg, RK TI Tillage impacts cereal-aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) infestations in spring small grains SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhopalosiphum padi; cereal aphids; conventional tillage; conservation tillage ID SOUTH-DAKOTA; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; YIELD LOSSES; WHEAT; BARLEY; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE AB We compared infestation levels of cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in spring-seeded wheat and barley grown with and without preplant tillage for 8 site yr in eastern South Dakota. Crop residue covered approximate to25% of the soil surface with preplant tillage, whereas without preplant tillage 50% or more of surface residue was conserved. Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) comprised nearly 90% of all cereal aphids sampled, and R. maidis (Fitch), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Sitobion avenae (F.) collectively comprised the remainder. R. padi routinely infested lower parts of tillers and were generally concealed by surface residue in plots with no preplant tillage. Across 7 site yr, R. padi were more abundant in plots with no preplant tillage than with preplant tillage (272.6 +/- 54.4 versus 170.1 +/- 37.2 aphid days per 25 tillers). However, in comparisons at individual site years, R. padi were greater in no-preplant tillage plots only once. For all cereal-aphid species combined, infestations were greater in plots with no preplant tillage for 1 of 8 site yr, but did not differ with tillage when compared across all site years. Cereal aphids were never more abundant in plots with preplant tillage. Our results show that conservation tillage leads to greater infestations of R. padi in spring small grains, as increased surface residue provides a favorable microhabitat for this aphid. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1792 EP 1797 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1792 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500022 PM 14977117 ER PT J AU Zhou, XG Scharf, ME Meinke, LJ Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD AF Zhou, XG Scharf, ME Meinke, LJ Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD TI Characterization of general esterases from methyl parathion-resistant and -susceptible populations of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; esterase; insecticide resistance; methyl parathion; organophosphate ID INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT; DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS; METABOLISM; MECHANISMS; INDUCTION; CARBARYL AB A consistent correlation between elevated esterase activity and methyl parathion resistance among Nebraska western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, populations has previously been documented. Characterization of general esterase activity using naphtholic esters as model substrates indicated that differences between resistant and susceptible strains could be maximized by optimizing assay conditions. The optimal conditions identified here were similar to those reported for other insect species. The majority of general esterase activity was found in the cytosolic fractions of resistant populations, whereas the activity was more evenly distributed between cytosolic and mitochondrial/nuclear fractions in the susceptible population. General esterase activity was predominately located in the adult thorax and abdomen. Although there were significant differences in general esterase activities between resistant and susceptible populations, the differences exhibited in single beetle activity assays did not provide sufficient discrimination to identify resistant individuals. In contrast, single larva activity assays provided greater discrimination and could be considered as an alternative to traditional bioassay techniques. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Expt Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Zhou, XG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bsiegfried1@unl.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1855 EP 1863 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1855 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500032 PM 14977127 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Valero, KA AF Johnson, JA Valero, KA TI Use of commercial freezers to control cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera : Bruchidae), in organic garbanzo beans SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cowpea weevil; Callosobruchus maculatus; dried beans; cold storage; postharvest disinfestation ID WATER-LOSS; EGGS; MORTALITY; ADULT AB One California processor of organic garbanzo beans (Cicer arietinum L.), unable to use chemical fumigants, relies on 30-d Storage at -18degreesC to disinfest product of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F). To determine whether the storage period may be shortened, the most cold-tolerant life stage of the cowpea weevil was identified. Laboratory studies showed that the egg stage was most tolerant to -18degreesC and that adults were most susceptible. To examine the efficacy of cold storage disinfestation, bags of black-eyed peas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., infested with cowpea weevil eggs were buried within garbanzo bean bins placed in a commercial cold storage facility kept at approximately -18degreesC and removed after 7, 14, and 21 d. Survival was highest in eggs located at the center of the bins and coincided with the slowest cooling rate. Although temperatures within the bins did not reach -18degreesC until after 14-19 d, egg mortality was estimated to be >98% after just 7 d of exposure. Complete mortality of eggs occurred after 14 d of cold storage. A 2-wk treatment regimen may be sufficient for control of cowpea weevil in organic legumes. C1 USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jjohnson@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1952 EP 1957 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1952 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500043 PM 14977138 ER PT J AU Roesli, R Subramanyam, B Campbell, JF Kemp, K AF Roesli, R Subramanyam, B Campbell, JF Kemp, K TI Stored-product insects associated with a retail pet store chain in Kansas SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trapping; pet food; stored-product insects; community ecology ID IDENTIFICATION; KEYS AB The types and numbers of insect species associated with eight Kansas retail stores belonging to a pet store chain were surveyed during February to August 2001. Insects were monitored at 1-3-wk intervals using food- and pheromone-baited pitfall traps for beetles and pheromone-baited sticky traps for moths. Thirty traps of each type were placed within a store. Thirty insect species belonging to 20 families in four orders were recorded from the eight stores. The weevils, Sitophilus spp.; Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner); and merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), were the most common and abundant species in all stores, whereas the red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes (Degeer), and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were abundant only in one store. The numbers of each insect species captured varied from store to store. In each of the stores, a total of 12-19 stored-product species were captured in traps, and seven of the eight stores had relatively high species diversity. With the exception of one store, the different types of insect species found among the remaining seven stores were essentially similar. The mean density of insects in infested bulk-stored and bagged pet food products removed from a store ranged from 65 to 656 adults/kg. The types and numbers of insect species captured in traps indicated that infestations were well established in the surveyed stores. Early detection and management of these infestations is critical for maintaining quality and integrity of food products sold in the pet stores. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Nestle Purina PetCure Co, St Louis, MO 63164 USA. RP Roesli, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1958 EP 1966 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1958 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 767RY UT WOS:000188467500044 PM 14977139 ER PT J AU Hesseln, H Loomis, JB Gonzalez-Caban, A Alexander, S AF Hesseln, H Loomis, JB Gonzalez-Caban, A Alexander, S TI Wildfire effects on hiking and biking demand in New Mexico: a travel cost study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE recreation demand; travel cost method; wildfire; prescribed fire ID FOREST RECREATION; ECONOMIC VALUE; MODELS; FIRES AB We use a travel cost model to test the effects of wild and prescribed fire on visitation by hikers and mountain bikers in New Mexico. Our results indicate that net benefits for mountain bikers is $150 per trip and that they take an average of 6.2 trips per year. Hikers take 2.8 trips per year with individual net benefits per trip of $130. Both hikers' and mountain bikers' demand functions react adversely to prescribed burning. Net benefits for both groups fall as areas recover from prescribed bums. Because both visitation and annual recreation benefits decrease to these two types of visitors, this gives rise to multiple use costs associated with prescribed burning. With respect to wildfire, hikers and mountain bikers both exhibit decreased visitation as areas recover from wildfires, however, only hikers indicate an increase in per trip net benefits. Bikers' demand effectively drops to zero. These results differ from previous findings in the literature and have implications for efficient implementation of the National Fire Plan and whether prescribed burning is a cost effective tool for multiple use management of National Forests. Specifically, that fire and recreation managers cannot expect recreation users to react similarly to fire across recreation activities, or different geographic regions. What is cost effective in one region may not be so in another. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hesseln, H (reprint author), Dept Agr Econ, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM h.hesseln@usask.ca NR 17 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753AK UT WOS:000187208800004 PM 14680897 ER PT J AU Jakes, PJ Schlichting, C Anderson, DH AF Jakes, PJ Schlichting, C Anderson, DH TI A framework for profiling a lake's riparian area development potential SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE land use change; recreational development; residential development; riparian development AB Some of the greatest challenges for managing residential development occur at the interface between the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems-in a lake's riparian area. Land use planners need a framework they can use to identify development hotspots, areas were the next push for development will most likely occur. Lake riparian development profiles provide a framework for linking ecological and social factors important to development. In a test of this framework in northern Minnesota, researchers identified seven constructs influencing riparian area development: current general development, current housing development, and availability, accessibility, suitability, aesthetics, and proximity to services. Profiles display a lake's value for each construct relative to the range of values for all lakes in the county. Maps, developed using indicators for several constructs, allow us to identify how the factors interact and are dispersed across the landscape. These profiles help policy makers, planners, and managers identify lakes that are potential development hotspots so they can take timely steps to manage development or control the impacts of development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Dahlgren Shardlow & Urban, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jakes, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pjakes@fs.fed.us; ciaras@dsuplan.com; dha@umn.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753AK UT WOS:000187208800007 PM 14680900 ER PT J AU Dwivedi, RS Breiman, A Herman, EM AF Dwivedi, RS Breiman, A Herman, EM TI Differential distribution of the cognate and heat-stress-induced isoforms of high M-r cis-trans prolyl peptidyl isomerase (FKBP) in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cis-trans prolyl isomerase; FK506-binding protein (FKBP); Golgi; nucleus; prevacuole; provacuole; vacuole ID VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HSP90-BINDING IMMUNOPHILINS; PREVACUOLAR COMPARTMENT; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; STEROID-RECEPTOR; HIGHER-PLANTS; PROTEIN; CLONING AB Wheat root tips express a 73 kDa cognate isoform and a 77 kDa heat-shock-induced isoform of peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (FK506 binding protein; FKBP) that is part of a chaperone complex with hsp90. The 73 kDa and 77 kDa FKBPs have very similar sequences, differing primarily in the N- and C-terminal 20 amino acids. In order to define the potential functional roles of these proteins, the 73 kDa and 77 kDa FKBPs were localized in root tips using antigen-affinity purified antibodies as a probe. The cognate 73 kDa FKBP is localized in the cytoplasm and appears enriched around the periphery of the early vacuole and vesicles exiting the trans-Golgi. Parallel assays with antibodies directed against tonoplast aquaporin and pyrophosphatase confirmed the association of FKBP with an early vacuole compartment. Sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis of root tip lysates also showed that 73 kDa FKBP is co-fractionated with tonoplast aquaporin and V-ATPase in a light compartment near the top of the gradient. Heat-shock treatment of root tips induces the accumulation of 77 kDa FKBP while the abundance of 73 kDa FKBP remains constant. Quantitative EM immunogold assays of the intracellular distribution of FKBP over an 8 h heat-shock time-course showed that FKBP is initially present in the cytoplasm, but is transported into the nucleus where it accumulates in the nucleoplasm and into specific subnuclear domains. The results of this study show that the intracellular distribution of the high M-r FKBPs in wheat root tips differs at normal and elevated temperatures, indicating different functional roles for the FKBP isoforms. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Herman, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 54 IS 393 BP 2679 EP 2689 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg307 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 752EM UT WOS:000187146900010 PM 14585827 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP Phillips, JG Tomasula, PM AF Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP Phillips, JG Tomasula, PM TI Temperature profiling: Solution to problems of co-extrusion with whey proteins SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTRUDED CORN; MOISTURE; BLENDS; FLOUR; PRODUCTS; COOKING; MILK AB Corn meal was extruded with whey protein isolate (WPI) using high shear extrusion processing conditions and preset barrel temperatures ranging from 100 to 150C High shear resulted in increased melt temperatures producing two temperature-dependent product responses. WPI was added to corn meal at concentrations of 15, 25 and 35%, and their effect on melt temperatures was recorded. Moisture loss, expansion, texture and color were recorded. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in temperature and moisture flash off in formulations substituted with whey proteins in excess of 25%. Melt temperatures below 125C, reduced expansion and increased density. However, at temperatures above 130C, density decreased, resulting in crispier, easy-to-break extrudates, with densities below 0.8 g/cm(3). Substituting WPI in expanded corn meal increased lightness even at high temperatures (>140C), where browning was expected. The melt temperature of a WPI substituted corn meal measured at the die was the best indicator of quality, and correlated highly with physical attributes. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 27 IS 5 BP 337 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2003.tb00521.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 764HR UT WOS:000188201900001 ER PT J AU Crantarapanont, W Berrang, M Frank, JF AF Crantarapanont, W Berrang, M Frank, JF TI Direct microscopic observation and viability determination of Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POULTRY SKIN; CTC-DAPI; CELLS; SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; ENUMERATION; ATTACHMENT; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; WATER AB A method was developed to determine the survival of Campylobacter jejuni at specific sites on chicken skin, and this method was used to observe the survival of C jejuni at various locations on the skin during storage. This method uses confocal scanning laser microscopy to visualize C jejuni transformed with P(c)gfp plasmid (GFP-Campylobacter) and stained with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC). The green fluorescence of dead C. jejuni cells and the red fluorescent CTC-formazan in viable Campylobacter cells were clearly visible on chicken skin. The GFP-Campylobacter remaining on the chicken skin surface after rinsing was mostly located in crevices, entrapped inside feather follicles with water, and entrapped in the surface water layer. Most viable cells were entrapped with water in the skin crevices and feather follicles. These sites provide a suitable microenvironment for GFP-Campylobacter to survive. The population of C jejuni on chicken skin decreased by 1 log unit during storage at 25degreesC for 24 h. C. jejuni located in sites 20 to 30 mum beneath the chicken skin surface maintained viability during incubation at 25degreesC. C. jejuni on chicken skin stored at 4degreesC maintained constant numbers during a 72-h incubation with no significant changes in population feather follicles or crevices. Live and dead cells were initially retained with water on the skin and penetrated into the skin follicles and channels during storage. Microscopic observations of GFP-producing cells allowed the identification of survival niches for C. jejuni present on chicken skin. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Frank, JF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cmsjoe@arches.uga.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2222 EP 2230 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 750XM UT WOS:000187023800005 ER PT J AU Perdue, ML Karns, J Higgins, J Van Kessel, JA AF Perdue, ML Karns, J Higgins, J Van Kessel, JA TI Detection and fate of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) vegetative cells and spores added to bulk tank milk SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCT; PCR; DNA AB A preparation of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne strain) spores was used to evaluate commercially available reagents and portable equipment for detecting anthrax contamination by using real-time PCR and was used to assess the fate of spores added directly to bulk tank milk. The Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device (RAPID) was employed to detect spores in raw milk down to a concentration of 2,500 spores per ml. Commercially available primers and probes developed to detect either the protective antigen gene or the lethal factor gene both provided easily read positive signals with the RAPID following extraction from milk with a commercially available DNA extraction kit. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the vrrA gene with the use of DNA extracted from spiked milk provided molecular data that readily identified the spores as B. anthracis with a 100% BLAST match to the Sterne and Ames strains and easily distinguished them from B. cereus. Physical-fate and thermal-stability studies demonstrated that spores and vegetative cells have a strong affinity for the cream fraction of whole milk. A single treatment at standard pasteurization temperatures, while 100% lethal to vegetative cells, had no effect on spore viability even 14 days after the treatment. Twenty-four hours after the first treatment, a second treatment at 72degreesC for 15 s reduced the viability of the population by ca. 99% but still did not kill all of the spores. From these studies, we conclude that standard pasteurization techniques for milk would have little effect on the viability of B. anthracis spores and that raw or pasteurized milk poses no obstacles to the rapid detection of the spores by molecular techniques. C1 USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Perdue, ML (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,Room 102,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2349 EP 2354 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 750XM UT WOS:000187023800024 PM 14672236 ER PT J AU Park, SY Berkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Park, SY Berkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Survival of a Salmonella typhimurium poultry marker strain added as a dry inoculum to zinc and sodium organic acid amended feeds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PROPIONIC-ACID; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; BROILER-CHICKENS; DIETARY LACTOSE; LAYING CHICKENS; MICROFLORA; HENS AB The effects of different organic acid compounds on the survival of a dry inoculum of Salmonella typhimurium marker strain added to poultry feed were determined. Organic acids were added as 1% Zn or Na salts (w/w) to poultry feeds and stored at room temperature for 9 days. Reduction of S. typhimurium populations from 0 to day 9 was not substantially different between poultry layer ration nonamended feed (96.76%) and Zn acetate (99.72%) or Zn propionate (99.60%) amended feed. However, over 90% reduction of S. typhimurium populations occurred in Zn acetate and Zn propionate amended feed by day 3 while poultry layer ration populations reached 90% reduction by day 5. S. typhimurium populations after 9 days were nearly 40% more reduced in Na propionate amended feed than Na acetate amended feed. The results of this study indicated 1% Zn compounds may have potential to reduce survival of S. typhimurium in a poultry diet during the early stages of storage. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, MS 2472 TAMU Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00369.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 770DW UT WOS:000188708800004 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Storm, DE AF Haggard, BE Storm, DE TI Effect of leaf litter on phosphorus retention and hydrological properties at a first order stream in northeast Oklahoma, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPTAKE LENGTH; NUTRIENT RETENTION; WOODLAND STREAM; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; CATCHMENTS AB We examined the relationship between phosphorus (P) uptake length (S-w) measured by stable PO4 additions and the level of PO4 enrichment from the additions during summer and fall in a first order stream in the southwestern portion of the Ozark Plateaus in northeast Oklahoma, USA. The y-intercept of this relation was used to more closely approximate ambient S-w and other metrics of P retention efficiency during summer and fall and determine the effect of leaf litter input on P retention efficiency and hydrological properties. Under similar discharge, the presence of the leaf litter during fall decreased water velocity and the dispersion coefficient, while the transient storage area increased compared to summer. An increase in S-w was generally observed with an increase in the level of P enrichment, and the linear relation (y-intercept) estimated S. at 117 and 86 in during summer and fall. The slope of the linear relation was variable because a 5 mug L-1 increase in P enrichment resulted in a 27 and 5 m increase in S-w estimation during summer and fall. Overall, the input of leaf litter into the stream had a relatively small effect on S-w, but our results suggest P retention was slightly greater during fall compared to summer. C1 USDA ARS, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, PPPSRU, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9663996 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 744NW UT WOS:000186639400006 ER PT J AU Roper, BB Kershner, JL Henderson, RC AF Roper, BB Kershner, JL Henderson, RC TI The value of using permanent sites when evaluating stream attributes at the reach scale SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB We evaluated two questions related to the use of permanent sites in evaluating stream attributes at the reach scale. 1) Are permanent sites more efficient than temporary sites in determining a change or trend? 2) How exact must permanent sites be relocated to improve sampling efficiency? We found that sample sizes necessary to detect a significant change for 13 of the 14 attributes were reduced by at least 40% if the sample design is based on permanent rather than temporary sites. The value of permanent sites increased with the increased precision of relocating that site. C1 US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Roper, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9663999 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 744NW UT WOS:000186639400009 ER PT J AU Han, SN Leka, LS Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Leka, LS Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Meydani, SN TI Effect of a therapeutic lifestyle change diet on immune functions of moderately hypercholesterolemic humans SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE low-fat diet; immune response; dietary fat; inflammatory response ID FATTY-ACIDS; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; VITAMIN-E; SERUM; DISEASE; PLASMA; MICE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFECTION AB Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and also could contribute to impaired immune response. The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel recommends a therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet to reduce the risk for CHD. We investigated the effects of changing from a high-fat Western diet to a low-fat diet in accordance with a TLC diet on immune functions of older adults with hypercholesterolemia to determine whether improving the lipid profile via dietary intervention would have beneficial effects on immune functions. In a double-blind study, 18 subjects consumed both a Western diet (38% fat) and a TLC diet (28% fat) for 32 days in a randomized order. Measures of cellular immune responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, and interleukin (IL)-2 production, and production of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, and prostaglandin E-2, were determined. DTH response and lymphocyte proliferative response increased significantly (29% and 27%, respectively) after consumption of a TLC diet. Our results indicate that consumption of a TLC diet enhances T cell-mediated immune functions in older adults with elevated cholesterol level. This might be a clinically important benefit, considering the decline of T cell-mediated immune functions with aging and evidence of impaired immune function associated with hypercholesterolemia.-Han, S. N., L. S. Leka, A. H. Lichtenstein, L. M. Austrian, and S. N. Meydani. Effect of therapeutic lifestyle change diet on immune functions of moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54727] NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2304 EP 2310 DI 10.1194/jlr.M300181-J:R200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 763FM UT WOS:000188064300010 PM 12951363 ER PT J AU Jang, YS Kim, OY Ryu, HJ Kim, JY Song, SH Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Jang, YS Kim, OY Ryu, HJ Kim, JY Song, SH Ordovas, JM Lee, JH TI Visceral fat accumulation determines postprandial lipemic response, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and endothelial dysfunction in nonobese Korean men SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow-mediated dilation; body fat distribution; glucose tolerance ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESITY; TESTOSTERONE; DISEASE; STRESS; INFLAMMATION; LYMPHOCYTES; IMPAIRMENT AB Visceral fat has been associated with multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to identify anthropometrical measures most closely associated with some well-known CVD risk factors. Because most Asians at risk have normal body mass index (BMI) according to Western standards, we studied healthy nonobese Korean males (n = 102; age: 36.5 +/- 0.8 years, BMI: 23.8 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2)). Visceral fat area (VIA) at the fourth lumbar vertebra was associated with increased postprandial triglyceride (TG) response (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) and PGF2(alpha). (r = 0.24, P < 0.05). When matched for BMI and age, men with high VIA (HVFA) (greater than or equal to100 cm(2); n = 27) had higher blood pressure (P < 0.01), increased consumption of cigarettes (P < 0.01), and lower ratio of energy expenditure to calorie intake (P < 0.01) as compared with low VIA men (<100 cm(2); n = 27). Men with HVFA showed higher TG, glucose, and insulin responses following fat and oral glucose tolerance tests respectively higher plasma concentrations of MDA (P < 0.001), urinary PGF(2alpha). (P < 0.05), and lymphocytes deoxyribonucleic acid tail moments (P < 0.01). Conversely, HVFA was associated with lower testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our data indicate that visceral fat accumulation, even in nonobese men, is a major factor contributing to increased CVD risk.-Jang, Y., O. Y. Kim, H.J. Ryu,J. Y. Kim, S. IT Song,J. M. Ordovas, and J. H. Lee. Visceral fat accumulation determines postprandial lipemic response, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and endothelial dysfunction in nonobese Korean men. C1 Yonsei Univ, Div Cardiol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Yonsei Med Inst, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. CJ Corp, Foods R&D Ctr, Food Ingredient Div, Seoul, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Div Cardiol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 50 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2356 EP 2364 DI 10.1194/jlr.M300233-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 763FM UT WOS:000188064300016 PM 12951360 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Tai, ES Tan, CE Cutter, J Chew, SK Zhu, YP Adiconis, X Ordovas, JM AF Lai, CQ Tai, ES Tan, CE Cutter, J Chew, SK Zhu, YP Adiconis, X Ordovas, JM TI The APOA5 locus is a strong determinant of plasma triglyceride concentrations across ethnic groups in Singapore SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A5; lipids; risk factors; haplotype ID APOLIPOPROTEIN AV GENE; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; NATIONAL-HEALTH SURVEY; CHOLESTEROL; POPULATION; HAPLOTYPES AB Singapore comprises three ethnic groups: Chinese (76.7%), Malays (14%), and Asian-Indians (7.9%). Overall, Singaporeans experience coronary heart disease rates similar to those found in the United States. However, there is a dramatic interethnic gradient, with Asian-Indians having significantly higher risk than Chinese and Malays. These differences are associated with HDL cholesterol levels and cannot be solely explained by environmental exposure, and may be driven by genetic factors. The gene encoding apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5) has been located on chromosome 11, and it is emerging as an important candidate gene for lipoprotein metabolism. We investigated associations between APOA5 polymorphisms and plasma lipids in 3,971 Singaporeans to establish whether they accounted for some of the ethnic differences in plasma lipids. We found significant associations between the minor alleles at each of four common polymorphisms and higher plasma triglycerides (TGs) across ethnic groups. Haplotype analyses showed significant associations with TGs, explaining 6.9%, 5.2%, and 2.7% of the TG variance in Malays, Asian-Indians, and Chinese, respectively. Conversely, we observed significant inverse associations between the minor alleles and HDL cholesterol concentrations for Chinese and Malays. These data suggest that APOA5 plays a role in the edmic differences observed for plasma TG and HDL cholesterol concentrations.-Lai, C-Q, E-S. Tai, C. E. Tan, J. Cutter, S. K. Chew, Y-P. Zhu, X. Adiconis, and J. M. Ordovas. The APOA5 locus is a strong determinant of plasma triglyceride concentrations across edmic groups in Singapore. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Singapore, Singapore. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chao.lai@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776] NR 30 TC 104 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2365 EP 2373 DI 10.1194/jlr.M300251-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 763FM UT WOS:000188064300017 PM 12951359 ER PT J AU Gu, LW Kelm, MA Hammerstone, JF Zhang, Z Beecher, G Holden, J Haytowitz, D Prior, RL AF Gu, LW Kelm, MA Hammerstone, JF Zhang, Z Beecher, G Holden, J Haytowitz, D Prior, RL TI Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies of proanthocyanidins in foods SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE catechin; propelargonidin; procyanidin; proanthocyanidins; tannins; foods; liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry ID PROCYANIDIN OLIGOMERS; IDENTIFICATION; HPLC AB The proanthocyanidins in three foods (pinto beans, plums and cinnamon) were studied with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) in the negative mode following separation by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the major ions derived from heterocyclic ring fission and retro-Diels-Alder reaction of flavan-3-ol provided information about the hydroxylation pattern and type of interflavan bond. The connection sequence of the oligomers was identified through diagnostic ions derived from quinone methide (QM) cleavage of the interflavan bond. Novel heterogeneous B-type proanthocyanidins containing (epi)afzelechin as subunits were identified in pinto beans. Proanthocyanidins with interestingly different A-type linkages were identified in plums and cinnamon. In efforts aimed at extending the identification capacity of ESI-MS to polymers, we found that the polymeric procyanidins fragmented readily instead of forming multiply charged ions in the negative ESI mode. Fragmentation patterns were proposed based on our data obtained by ESI-MS/MS and ESI time-of-flight MS. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Mars Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. Bruker Dalton, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorronaldL@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011; Hammerstone, John/N-9766-2013 NR 18 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 40 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1272 EP 1280 DI 10.1002/jms.541 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 758QM UT WOS:000187661700010 PM 14696209 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Van Kessel, JAS Wachtel, MR Belt, KT Karns, JS AF Shelton, DR Van Kessel, JAS Wachtel, MR Belt, KT Karns, JS TI Evaluation of parameters affecting quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157 in enriched water samples using immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE electrochemiluminescence; enterohemorrhagic; E. coli O157; immunological; immunomagnetic separation ID EVANESCENT-WAVE BIOSENSOR; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; CYTOMETRY; CATTLE; ASSAY AB We report here the use of immunomagnetic (IM) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for quantitative detection of Esherichia coli O157:H7 in water samples following enrichment in minimal lactose broth (MLB). IM beads prepared in-house with four commercial anti-O157 monoclonal antibodies were compared for efficiency of cell capture. IM-ECL responses for E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were similar for all four commercial anti-O157 LPS monoclonal antibodies. The ECL signal was linearly correlated with E. coli O157:H7 cell concentration, indicating a constant ECL response per cell. Twenty-two strains of E. coli O157:H7 or O157:NM gave comparable ECL signals using IM beads prepared in-house. To assess the potential for interference from background bacteria in MLB-enriched water samples, 104 cells of E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were added to enriched samples prior to analysis. There was considerable variability in recovery of E. coli O157:H7 cells; net ECL signals ranged from 1% to 100% of expected values (i.e., percent inhibition from 0% to 99%). Cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Enterobacter cloacae, subsequently isolated from MLB-enriched water samples via IM separation (IMS), were observed to interfere with the binding of E. coli O157:H7 cells to IM beads. Recoveries of 10(4) E. coli O157:H7 cells were less than or equal to10% in the presence of ca. 10(8) K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, or E. cloacae cells. None of these strains gave a positive IM-ECL signal. Although competitive binding decreased sensitivity, there still was a linear correlation between ECL signal and higher E. coli O15TH7 cell concentrations. These studies indicate that IM-ECL in conjunction with MLB enrichment is capable of quantitatively detecting as few as 10(3) to 10(5) E. coli O15TH7 cells ml(-1), depending on percent recoveries, in enriched samples that contain ca. 10(9) total lactose-fermenting bacteria ml(-1). Assuming comparable growth rates for E. coli O157:H7 and other lactose-fermenting bacteria in MLB, it may be possible to detect as few as one E. coli O157:H7 in 100 ml of raw water containing as many as 10(4) to 10(6) lactose-fermenting bacteria (i.e., total coliforms). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Forest Serv, Baltimore Ecosyst Study LTER, USDA, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, ARS Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.07.004 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 747UP UT WOS:000186823500017 PM 14607414 ER PT J AU Cho, YS Park, RD Kim, YW Hwangbo, H Jung, WJ Shu, JS Koo, BS Krishnan, HB Kim, KY AF Cho, YS Park, RD Kim, YW Hwangbo, H Jung, WJ Shu, JS Koo, BS Krishnan, HB Kim, KY TI PQQ-dependent organic acid production and effect on common bean growth hy Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apo-glucose dehydrogenase; PQQ; hydroxyapatite; 2-ketogluconic acid ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE NCTC-418; PHOSPHATE-DISSOLVING BACTERIA; GLUCOSE-DEHYDROGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; AEROGENES NCTC-418; CHEMOSTAT CULTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATION; ACINETOBACTER; METABOLISM AB Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 is capable of synthesizing inactive apo-glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). To become an active holo enzyme, the GDH requires a cofactor, PQQ. When R. tropici CIAT 899 was grown in a broth culture medium containing hydroxyapatite and pyrrolo quinoline quinone (PQQ), pH decreased while the concentration of soluble P increased. The solubilization of hydroxyapatite was associated with the production of gluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acids. The organic acid production and P solubilization were greatly enhanced when the bacterium was grown with air supply. Effect of R. tropici CIAT 899 with (CI+PQQ) and without PQQ (CI) on the common bean growth was examined. Shoot and root weight, and N and P contents in CI+PQQ treatment, were significantly higher than those in control and CI treatment. Nodule weight and acetylene reducing activities were also significantly higher in CI+PQQ treatment than in other treatments. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, APSRC,Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Gwangju 500757, South Korea. Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Suwon 440700, South Korea. Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 440700, South Korea. Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, APSRC,Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Gwangju 500757, South Korea. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 955 EP 959 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 758QJ UT WOS:000187661400018 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP AF Rooney, AP TI Selection for highly biased amino acid frequency in the TolA cell envelope protein of proteobacteria SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE TolA; cell membrane; selection; amino acid composition ID OUTER-MEMBRANE STABILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEOTIDE COMPOSITION; BASE COMPOSITION; G+C CONTENT; EVOLUTION; GENES; SEQUENCE; DNA; SUBSTITUTIONS AB The bacterial cell envelope protein TolA functions to maintain the integrity of the cell membrane. This protein contains high levels of alanine and lysine that are used in the formation of alpha helices, which are required for normal protein function. The neutral model of molecular evolution predicts that amino acid composition and nucleotide composition are driven by the underlying GC content, as a result of mutation bias. However, this study shows that selection has acted to maintain high levels of alanine and lysine in the TolA protein of Proteobacteria, which in turn has biased nucleotide composition in the corresponding tolA gene. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 57 IS 6 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1007/s00239-003-2530-6 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 752NK UT WOS:000187173900014 PM 14745542 ER PT J AU Davis, RF May, OL AF Davis, RF May, OL TI Relationships between tolerance and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in cotton SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode management; southern root-knot nematode ID POTATO CYST-NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; INTOLERANT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; LESION NEMATODE; RACE 3; MANAGEMENT AB The Southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is the most damaging pathogen of cotton in the United States, and both resistance and tolerance to M. incognita could be valuable management approaches. Our objectives were to evaluate advanced cotton breeding lines for resistance and tolerance to M. incognita and to determine if a relationship between resistance and tolerance exists. Reproduction of M. incognita was evaluated on 17 breeding lines, a Susceptible control (Delta and pine Land DP5415), and a resistant control (M-120) in two greenhouse trials with six replications in a randomized complete block design. Two-week-old seedlings were inoculated with 8,000 M. incognita eggs and assessed for egg production 8 weeks later. Reproduction on the resistant control was only 10% of that on the susceptible control. Eight breeding lines Supported 45% to 57% less (P less than or equal to 0.05) nematode reproduction than the Susceptible control, and none of them were as resistant as M-120. Yield was determined in 2001 and 2002 in fumigated ( 1,3-dichloropropene at 56 liters/ha) and nonfumigated plots in a strip-plot design with three replications in a field naturally infested with M. incognita. Yield suppression caused by nematode infection differed among genotypes (P: 0.05 for genotype x fumigation interaction). Six genotypes in 2001 and nine in 2002 were tolerant to M. incognita based on no difference in yield between the fumigated and nonfumigated plots (P greater than or equal to 0.10). However, only three genotypes had no significant yield suppression in both years, of which two also were resistant to M. incognita. Regression analysis indicated that yield Suppression decreased linearly as nematode resistance increased. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM rfdavis@tifton.usda.gov NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 802UE UT WOS:000220187600005 PM 19262772 ER PT J AU Timper, P Holbrook, CC Anderson, WF AF Timper, P Holbrook, CC Anderson, WF TI Reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. on resistant peanut genotypes from three breeding programs SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; Meloidoone arenaria; M. hapla; M. javanica; peanut; reproduction; resistance; root-knot nematode ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; DAMAGE FUNCTIONS; GERMPLASM LINES; ARENARIA; REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; JAVANICA; RAPD AB Three described species of root-knot nematode parasitize peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 (Ma), M. hapla (Mh), and M. javanica (Mj). Peanut cultivars with broad resistance to Meloidogyne spp. will be useful regardless of the species present in the field. The objective of this study was to determine whether peanut genotypes with resistance to M. arenaria originating from three different breeding programs were also resistant to M. hapla and M. javanica. The experiment used a factorial arrangement (completely randomized) with peanut genotype and nematode population as the factors. The five peanut genotypes were 'COAN' and AT 0812 (highly resistant to Ma), C209-6-13 (moderately resistant to Ma), and 'Southern Runner' and 'Georgia Green' (susceptible to Ma). The four nematode populations were two isolates of Ma (Gibbs and Gop) and one isolate each of Mh and Mj. On COAN or AT 0812, both Ma and Mj produced <10% of the eggs produced on Georgia Green. On the peanut genotype C209-6-13, Ma and Mj produced about 50% of the eggs produced on Georgia Green. None of the resistant genotypes exhibited a high level of resistance to Mh. The lack of resistance to Mh in any cultivars or advanced germplasm is a concern because the identity of a Meloidogyne sp. in a particular peanut field is generally not known. Breeding efforts should focus on moving genes for resistance to ill. hapla into advanced peanut germplasm, and combining genes for resistance to the major Meloidogyne spp. in a single cultivar. C1 USDA ARS, Res Plant Pathol & Res Genet, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. AgraTech Seeds Inc, Res Genet, Ashburn, GA 31714 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Plant Pathol & Res Genet, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ptimper@tifton.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 802UE UT WOS:000220187600006 PM 19262773 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Casadesus, G Shukitt-Hale, B Bielinski, D Andres-Lacuava, C AF Joseph, JA Casadesus, G Shukitt-Hale, B Bielinski, D Andres-Lacuava, C TI Behavioral and neuronal effects of fruit polyphenolics SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/Asian-Pacific-Society-for-Neuro chemistry CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL WANCHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int soc Neurochem, Asian Pacific Soc Neurochem DE aging; nutrition; signaling; neurogenesis C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 SU 1 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 753PR UT WOS:000187240200043 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Kris-Etherton, PM Zhao, GX Emken, EA AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Kris-Etherton, PM Zhao, GX Emken, EA TI Stearic acid absorption and its metabolizable energy value are minimally lower than those of other fatty acids in healthy men fed mixed diets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE absorption; metabolizable energy; fatty acids; stearic acid; trans fatty acids ID COCOA BUTTER; CORN-OIL; PLASMA-LIPIDS; OLEIC-ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; LIPOPROTEINS; RATS; TRIGLYCERIDES; ABSORBABILITY; DESATURATION AB Compared with other saturated fatty acids, stearic acid appears to have different metabolic effects with respect to its impact on risk for cardiovascular disease. These differences may in part reflect biologically important differences in absorption. This study was designed to compare the absorption and the metabolizable energy value of stearic acid with other fatty acids from mixed diets fed to healthy humans. Healthy men (n = 11) were fed four diets with multiple fat sources that contained similar to15% of energy (en%) from protein, 46 en% from carbohydrate and 39 en% from fat with 8 en% substitution across diets of the following: trans monoenes, oleic acid, saturated fatty acids (lauric + myristic + palmitic) or stearic acid fed as triacylglycerides. Fats were incorporated into mixed diets comprised of foods typically consumed in the United States. After a 14-d adaptation period, volunteers collected all feces for 7 d. Across diets, absorption of stearic acid (94.1 +/- 0.2%) was lower (P < 0.0002) than that of palmitic acid (97.3 +/- 0.2%) and higher than generally reported. Absorption of lauric, myristic, oleic, linoleic and trans 18:1 monoenes did not differ from each other ( > 99%) but was higher than that of stearic and palmitic acids (P < 0.001). Metabolizable energy values were similar for all fatty acids. Although absorption of palmitic and stearic acids was affected by diet treatment, the magnitudes of the differences were small and do not appear to be biologically important, at least in terms of lipoprotein metabolism. On the basis of these results, reduced stearic acid absorption does not appear to be responsible for the differences in plasma lipoproteinresponses to stearic acid relative to other saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. J. Nutr. 133: 4129-4134, 2003. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 133 IS 12 BP 4129 EP 4134 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 753CU UT WOS:000187214900014 PM 14652360 ER PT J AU Dorfman, SE Smith, DE Osgood, DP Lichtenstein, AH AF Dorfman, SE Smith, DE Osgood, DP Lichtenstein, AH TI Study of diet-induced changes in lipoprotein metabolism in two strains of Golden-Syrian hamsters SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Golden-Syrian hamsters; dietary cholesterol; saturated fat; butter; coconut oil; serum lipids and lipoproteins; aortic cholestetyl ester ID FATTY STREAK FORMATION; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; HYPERLIPIDEMIC HAMSTERS; EARLY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; F1B HAMSTERS; CHOLESTEROL; LOVASTATIN; LIPIDS; MODEL AB The objective of this study was to characterize two strains of Golden-Syrian hamsters for use in the study of diet-induced changes in lipoprotein metabolism. In Experiment 1, the time course and response to dietary saturated fat was investigated for serum lipoprotein profiles and aortic lesion formation in Golden-Syrian hamsters from Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA (CR) and Bio Breeders, Watertown, MA (F1B). Hamsters were fed a nonpurified diet containing 10 g/100 g saturated fat and 0.1 g/100 g dietary cholesterol. After 12 wk, CR hamsters had significantly lower serum total and non-HDL cholesterol (TC and nHDL-C) levels, but higher aortic cholesteryl ester (CE) than the F, B hamsters (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, CR hamsters were fed a nonpurified diet containing 10 g/100 g saturated fat and 0.1, 0.5 or 1 g/100 g dietary cholesterol. After 10 wk of dietary intervention, TC and nHDL-C levels were significantly higher in the 0.5 and 1.0 g/100 g cholesterol groups than in the 0.1 g/100 g cholesterol group. These levels declined after 20 wk of dietary intervention in all groups, potentially reflecting the toxic effect of high cholesterol intakes. CR hamsters fed a 10 g/100 g saturated fat containing 0.1 g/100 g dietary cholesterol for 10 wk appear to be a good model for investigating diet-induced change in plasma lipids. J. Nutr. 133: 4183-4188, 2003. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutrit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutrit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL069772, HL 54727]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK 62032-11] NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 133 IS 12 BP 4183 EP 4188 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 753CU UT WOS:000187214900023 PM 14652369 ER PT J AU Trout, JM Santin, M Fayer, R AF Trout, JM Santin, M Fayer, R TI Identification of assemblage A Giardia in white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL SAMPLES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PREVALENCE; INTESTINALIS; DUODENALIS; ANIMALS; CANADA; ASSAY; SPP.; GENE AB Fecal samples were collected from hunter-killed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during a managed hunt in a central Maryland county. Fecal samples were cleaned of debris and concentrated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation and stained with MerIFluor(TM) D reagents. Stained samples were examined by fluorescent microscopy for the presence of Giardia sp. cysts. One of 26 samples was found to be positive for Giardia sp. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using primers directed to the beta-giardin and TPI genes identified the same sample as the only positive one. Sequencing of the beta-giardin and TPI genes revealed that the Giardia sp. belonged to assemblage A, a genotype infectious for humans and also reported in a small percentage of cattle. This is the first report of assemblage A Giardia sp. in deer and suggests that deer could be a potential source of infectious cysts for humans and cattle. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1255 DI 10.1645/GE-3165RN PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 760PU UT WOS:000187843500031 PM 14740923 ER PT J AU Yantis, D Moeller, R Braun, R Gardiner, CH Aguirre, A Dubey, JP AF Yantis, D Moeller, R Braun, R Gardiner, CH Aguirre, A Dubey, JP TI Hepatitis associated with a Sarcocystis canis-like protozoan in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETIOLOGIC AGENT; NEURONA; MYELOENCEPHALITIS; APICOMPLEXA AB A Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) died in captivity at the National Marine Fisheries Service, Kewalo Basin Facility in Honolulu, Hawaii. The animal was icteric, and the liver was friable. Microscopic lesions were detected in the colon and liver. Colonic lesions included multifocal, necrohemorrhagic colitis associated with gram-negative bacilli. The liver lesions included random hepatic necrosis and cholestasis. Asexual stages of a Sarcocystis canis-like apicomplexan were detected in hepatocytes. The parasite divided by endopolygeny. Merozoites occasionally formed rosettes around a central residual body. Ultrastructurally, merozoites lacked rhoptries. This is the first report of S. canis infection in M. schauinslandi, which is an endangered pinniped in U.S. waters. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1258 EP 1260 DI 10.1645/GE-3265RN PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 760PU UT WOS:000187843500033 PM 14740925 ER PT J AU Schulze, KJ O'Brien, KO Germain-Lee, EL Baer, DJ Leonard, ALR Rosenstein, BJ AF Schulze, KJ O'Brien, KO Germain-Lee, EL Baer, DJ Leonard, ALR Rosenstein, BJ TI Endogenous fecal losses of calcium compromise calcium balance in pancreatic-insufficient girls with cystic fibrosis SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BILE-ACID MALABSORPTION; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MANIFESTATIONS; OSTEOPOROSIS; INFLAMMATION AB Objective Bone mineral density is compromised in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); calcium is the major bone mineral. This study examined the impact of endogenous fecal calcium (V-ondo) losses on calcium balance in girls with CF. Study design V-endo was measured in 12 girls with CF (aged 7-18 years): 7 younger, premenarcheal girls with compromised nutritional status; and 5 older, postmenarcheal girls with adequate nutritional status. Vendo was measured as the amount of intravenously administered Ca-42, a calcium stable isotope, in stool relative. to urine over 6 days. V-endo was compared between pre- and postmenarcheal girls by Student's t test. Actual calcium balance [absorbed calcium-(urinary calcium (V-u) + V-endo)] was compared with estimated balance (assuming V-endo = 1.6 mg/kg/day calcium) by paired t test. Results V-endo was 99.3 +/- 42.3 mg/day. By body weight, Vendo was highest among premenarcheal girls (3.37 +/- 1.09 mg/kg/ day), resulting in excess losses (>1.6 mg/kg/day) of 55.0 +/- 45.7 mg/day. Over 1 year, this represents 20.1 +/- 16.7 g of unattained bone calcium or 6.7 +/- 4.2% of the bone calcium content of these girls. Conclusions V-endo is a significant source of calcium loss in individuals with CF and may limit calcium availability for bone mineral deposition. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Endocrinol, Johns Hopkins Hosp,Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm 2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kobrien@jhsph.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00052] NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 143 IS 6 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00539-0 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 753BT UT WOS:000187212400018 PM 14657825 ER PT J AU Kebede-Westhead, E Pizarro, C Mulbry, WW Wilkie, AC AF Kebede-Westhead, E Pizarro, C Mulbry, WW Wilkie, AC TI Production and nutrient removal by periphyton grown under different loading rates of anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; algal turf scrubbers; carbon; flushed dairy manure; livestock; nitrification; nutrient content; nutrient removal; periphyton; phytoremediation ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; TOTAL NITROGEN; ALGAE; AQUACULTURE; SEAWEEDS; SYSTEMS; CARBON AB Growing algae to scrub nutrients from manure presents an alternative to the current practice of land application and provides utilizable algal biomass as an end product. The objective of this study was to assess algal growth, nutrient removal, and nitrification using higher light intensities and manure loading rates than in the previous experiments. Algal turfs, with periphyton mainly composed of green algal species, were grown under two light regimes (270 and 390 mumol photons.m(-2). s(-1)) and anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure wastewater (ADFDMW) loading rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.7 g total N and 0.12 to 0.58 g total P.m(-2).d(-1). Filamentous cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria spp.) and diatoms (Navicula, Nitzschia, and Cyclotella sp.) partially replaced the filamentous green algae at relatively high ADFDMW loading rates and more prominently under low incident light. Mean algal production increased with loading rate and irradiance from 7.6+/-2.71 to 19.1+/-2.73 g dry weight. m(-2).d(-1). The N and P content of algal biomass generally increased with loading rate and ranged from 2.9%-7.3% and 0.5%-1.3% (by weight), respectively. Carbon content remained relatively constant at all loading rates (42%-47%). The maximum removal rates of N and P per unit algal biomass were 70 and 13 mg.g(-1) dry weight.m(-2).d(-1), respectively. Recovery of nutrients in harvested algal biomass accounted for about 31%-52% for N and 30%-59% for P. Recovery of P appeared to be uncoupled with N at higher loading rates, suggesting that algal potential for accumulation of P may have already been saturated. It appears that higher irradiance level enhancing algal growth was the overriding factor in controlling nitrification in the algal turf scrubber units. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kebede-Westhead, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, BARC-E,10 300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 12 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1275 EP 1282 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.02-159.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 746MT UT WOS:000186750700025 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Klose, S Zobeck, TM AF Acosta-Martinez, V Klose, S Zobeck, TM TI Enzyme activities in semiarid soils under conservation reserve program, native rangeland, and cropland SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE LA English DT Article DE specific enzyme activities; arylamidase activity; beta-glucosaminidase activity; crop rotations; cotton; sunflowers ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ARYLAMIDASE ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; COTTON YIELD; TILLAGE; NITROGEN AB There is limited knowledge of biochemical processes in low carbon content soils of semiarid regions under different land use and management. This study investigated several enzyme activities of C, N, P, and S transformations in semiarid soils with different clay (10-21 %) and sand (59-85%) contents that were under conservation reserve program (CRP), native rangeland (NR), and cropland (CL) under sunflowers (Eriophyllum ambiguum (Gray)), continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), or in rotations with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in West Texas, USA. Soils under CRP and NR showed higher total C and N contents than cultivated soils under continuous cotton, but soil pH (6.7-8.4) was not affected by the management or land use studied. The activities of beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase, arylamidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulfatase (mg product (kg soil)(-1) h(-1)) were lower in CL under continuous cotton compared to cotton in rotation with other crops, CRP, and NR. The enzyme activities were also lower when compared to soils from other regions. Linear regression analyses indicated positive correlations between enzyme activities and total C (r values up to 0.96, P < 0.01). There was a positive relationship between enzyme activities and total N, but soil pH showed the opposite trend. Enzyme activities were significantly intercorrelated with r values up to 0.98 (P < 0.001). The specific enzyme activities (mg product (g organic C)(-1)) were lower in continuous cotton in comparison to the uncultivated soils (i.e., NR and CRP) reflecting differences in organic matter quantity and quality due to cultivation. Among the enzymes studied, the specific activities of beta-glucosidase and arylamidase showed a more pronounced decrease with increasing soil depth. In general, soils under CRP or wheat-cotton rotations revealed higher enzyme activities than soils under the common agricultural practice for these regions, i.e., continuous cotton under conventional tillage. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.-Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenkd. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 166 IS 6 BP 699 EP 707 DI 10.1002/jpln.200321215 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 758RG UT WOS:000187663500003 ER PT J AU Saliklis, EP Urbanik, TJ Tokyay, B AF Saliklis, EP Urbanik, TJ Tokyay, B TI Bilinear modelling of cellulosic orthotropic nonlinear materials SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stress strain properties; paper; paper boards; mathematical models; algorithms; data ID PAPER AB The proposed method of modelling orthotropic solids that have a nonlinear constitutive material relationship affords several advantages. The first advantage is the application of a simple bilinear stress-strain curve to represent the material response on two orthogonal axes as well as in shear even for markedly nonlinear materials. The second advantage is that this method correlates yield strengths in the orthogonal directions, which is necessitated by some finite-element programs. Herein, we provide an algorithm for fitting bilinear stress versus strain curves to data, such that the derived stress-strain law on each orthogonal axis is coupled by means of a common strain energy density function. Nonlinear stress-strain data for paper and paperboard illustrate the procedure. This method can be readily implemented infinite element applications. C1 Lafayette Coll, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Saliklis, EP (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. EM turbanik@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PULP & PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION CANADA PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3X6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 12 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 766GC UT WOS:000188364800004 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Damert, W Tu, SI AF Irwin, P Damert, W Tu, SI TI Immuno-magnetic bead mass transport and capture efficiency at high target cell densities in phosphate-buffered saline SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA AB In this manuscript we present a modified kinetic model for pathogen capture efficiency (E) variation with mixing time (tau(mix)) which is applicable for most combinations of immuno-magnetic bead (IMB)-target organism concentrations (e.g., [IMB] similar to 8 x 10(6) IMB mL(-1); Salmonella enterica. serovar Enteritidis, [SE] similar to 10(2)-10(8) CFU mL(-1)). We found that as the ratio of [IMB] to [SE] was decreased from more than 10(5) to ca. 10(-1), the average number of cells captured per IMB (.) SE complex increased from ca. 1 to 4 +/- 1. Concurrently, using a modified kinetic model for fitting E variation with tau(mix), the maximum possible level of capture (xi) was observed to decline from similar to 100% (xi similar to 1; [IMB] > > [SE]) to 23 % (xi similar to 0.23; [IMB]:[SE] similar to 0.1). Using a purely kinetic approach we also found that an empirical mass transport term (gamma(obs) = {3.1 +/- 1.2} x 10(-9) mL IMB-1 min(1); averaged across all [SE] tested: [IMB]:[SE] similar to 200000, 200, 3, and 0.1) did not differ much from gamma(obs) reported in earlier work ({3.35 +/- 0.2} x 10(-9) mL min(-1) IMB-1) at extremely low [SE] (e.g., less than or equal to 100 CFU mL(-1)). Upon inserting the classically-derived equation for gamma into the kinetic model and solving for the effective IMB radius (r(IMB)), we found that the r(IMB) was 2.3 +/- 0.16 mum ((x) over bar +/- s; averaged across all [IMB]:[SE]) which was only 0.5-0.9 mum greater than the r(IMB) reported by the manufacturer (1.4 +/- 0.2 mum). These results support previous work which showed a similar small r(IMB) deviation possibly due to the hydro-dynamic behavior of the IMBs in relatively dilute buffer suspensions ([IMB similar to 8 x 10(6) IMB mL(-1)) and argues that IMB-based cell capture is almost exclusively a function of mass transport. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM pirwin@arserrc.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 4 BP 265 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00267.x PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 807NW UT WOS:000220509200002 ER PT J AU Dismore, ML Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Peterson, JW Booth, SL AF Dismore, ML Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Peterson, JW Booth, SL TI Vitamin K content of nuts and fruits in the US diet SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; FOODS; OILS AB Assessment of vitamin K dietary intakes has been limited by incomplete vitamin K food composition data for the US food supply. The phylloquinone (vitamin K,) concentrations of nuts (n = 76) and fruits (n = 215) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Each sample represented a composite of units obtained from 12 to 24 outlets, which provided geographic representation of the US food supply. With the exception of pine nuts and cashews, which contain 53.9 and 34.8 mug of phylloquinone per 100 g of nut, respectively, nuts are not important dietary sources of vitamin K. Similarly, most fruits are not important sources of vitamin K, with the exception of some berries, green fruits, and prunes. Menu planning for patients on warfarin can include a healthy diet including fruits and nuts without compromising the stability of their oral anticoagulation therapy. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y1-HV-8116-11] NR 17 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 103 IS 12 BP 1650 EP 1652 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(03)01371-3 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 752ZV UT WOS:000187207100019 PM 14647095 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Smallwood, DM AF Guthrie, JF Smallwood, DM TI Evaluating the effects of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on consumer behavior and health: Methodological challenges SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dietary Guidelines: Past Experience and New Approaches CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2002 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO ID MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; FOR-AMERICANS; QUALITY; RISK; POPULATIONS; EDUCATION; ADHERENCE; WOMEN; MEN AB The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is the official nutrition policy statement for the United States. Government involvement in providing information on private behavior, such as food choice, is justified by the high cost of poor diets, as measured in medical expenses and lost productivity. The Guidelines are intended to provide an up-to-date, consistent information base for federal nutrition education and information efforts and food assistance program regulations. Through these policy mechanisms, the Guidelines are assumed to improve dietary behavior, and,,ultimately, health. By law, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans must be updated every five years; however, there is no mandate for evaluation. Evaluation could provide useful information to assess the extent to which the Guidelines positively influence health and provide insights into reasons for their successes and limitations. However, evaluation would also present considerable challenges. This paper discusses the critical data and methodological needs for improving evaluation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Food Assistance & Nutr Res Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Guthrie, JF (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Food Assistance & Nutr Res Program, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 103 IS 12 SU 2 BP S42 EP S49 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(03)01379-8 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 754QX UT WOS:000187343000008 PM 14666499 ER PT J AU Kolomaznik, K Mladek, M Langmaier, F Shelly, DC Taylor, MM AF Kolomaznik, K Mladek, M Langmaier, F Shelly, DC Taylor, MM TI Closed loop for chromium in tannery operation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 20-23, 2002 CL SKYTOP, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID LEATHER; SHAVINGS AB Even though the leather industry is environmentally important as a user of a byproduct of the meat industry, it is still perceived as a consumer of resources and a producer of pollutants. When processing one metric ton of rawhide, 200 kg of a leather-final product is obtained, and only 20% of the raw material weight is converted to leather. The biggest problem, and one that is now under scrutiny, is the disposition of chrome-tanned solid wastes. To keep the chromium from tanned wastes within control limits we have worked out a modified enzymatic dechromation technology and developed it into an industrial scale with a daily capacity of three metric tons of chrome shavings. The chromium-containing sludge, isolated by this technology, contains 10-15% magnesium oxide, and is used (here) as a precipitator for chromium in spent tanning liquor. We treated a spent liquor containing 2294 ppm of chromium with the chromium sludge, obtained from the enzymatic reaction. After the treatment, the content of chromium decreased from the original 2294 ppm to 6 ppm, which means that practically total dechromation of the waste chrome water has occurred. This chrome removal from the spent tanning liquor, using the chrome sludge from digestion of the chrome-tanned solid wastes, effectively provides a closed loop for chromium in tanning operations. C1 Thomas Bata Univ, Fac Technol, Zlin, Czech Republic. Texas Tech Univ, Leather Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kolomaznik, K (reprint author), Thomas Bata Univ, Fac Technol, Zlin, Czech Republic. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 98 IS 12 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756BL UT WOS:000187445900005 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI Description of Bruceharrisonius, a new subgenus of Ochlerotatus, and a redescription of its type species Oc. (brh.) greenii SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Bruceharrisonius; Ochlerotatus; Oc. greenii; Culicidae; Diptera; new subgenus ID DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; AEDES DIPTERA; MOSQUITOS; INDONESIA; ISLAND; AEDINI; AREA AB The new subgenus Bruceharrisonius is described and principal features of all known stages are provided for separating it from other subgenera of genus Ochlerotatus. The female, male, female and male genitalia, pupa, and 4th-stage larva of the type species, Oc. greenii, are described in detail. Eight species (Oc. alektorovi, Oc. aureostriatus, Oc. doonii, Oc. christophersi, Oc. greenii, Oc. hurlbuti, Oc. okinawanus, and Oc. taiwanus) currently are recognized in the subgenus. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 132 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 309 EP 322 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100005 PM 14710731 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A AF Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A TI Laboratory evaluation of 18 repellent compounds as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus and as larvicides of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; Culex quinqucfasciatus; experimental insect repellents; antioviposition activity; larvicides; mosquito control ID MOSQUITO OVIPOSITION; INSECT REPELLENTS; FIELD-EVALUATION; TOXICITY AB Among 18 experimental skin repellent compounds tested at five concentrations in the laboratory as oviposition deterrents against Aedes albopictus, 12 compounds showed significant activity, with median effective dose values ranging from 0.005 to 0.052%. The test compounds also were evaluated in the laboratory as larvicides against laboratory-reared 4th instars of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus with the same concentrations employed for the oviposition deterrency tests against Ae. albopictus. Larval mortality data at 24 and 48 h after treatment indicated that 12 test repellents caused larval mortalities in the range of 67 to 100% against An. quadrimaculatus, 10 compounds induced 55-100% larval mortalities of Ae. aegypti, whereas larval mortality caused by 9 compounds ranged from 74 to 100% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. These mortality data did not fit the linear model of the statistical analysis. However, multiway analysis of variance of these data showed that the repellent compounds, concentrations used, species of mosquitoes, and exposure times affect the degree of larval mortalities. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 397 EP 403 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100017 PM 14710743 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI Transfer of Heizmannia thelmae from subgenus Mattinglyia to subgenus Heizmannia of genus Heizmannia and new characters for separating the two subgenera SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culicidae; Heizmannia; Heizmannia thelmae; Mattinglyia; mosquito AB Heizmannia thelmae is formally transferred from subgenus Mattinglyia and assigned to subgenus Heizmannia. Rationale for this action is provided. New characters of the adults, female genitalia, and pupae are listed for separating the 2 subgenera of Heizmannia. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 433 EP 434 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100023 PM 14710749 ER PT J AU Abigor, RD Marmer, WN Foglia, TA Jones, KC DiCiccio, RJ Ashby, R Uadia, PO AF Abigor, RD Marmer, WN Foglia, TA Jones, KC DiCiccio, RJ Ashby, R Uadia, PO TI Production of cocoa butter-like fats by the lipase-catalyzed interesterification of palm oil and hydrogenated soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cocoa butter-type fats; interesterification; lipase; palm oil; soy oil ID CONFECTIONERY FATS; TALLOW AB Cocoa butter-like fats were prepared from refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (RBD-PO) and fully hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO) by enzymatic interesterification at various weight ratios of substrates. The cocoa butter-like fats were isolated from the crude interesterification mixture by fractional crystallization from acetone. Analysis of these fat products by RP-HPLC in combination with ELSD or MS detection showed that their TAG distributions were similar to that of cocoa butter but that they also contained MAG and DAG, which were removed by silica chromatography. The optimal weight ratio of RBD-PO to HSO found to produce a fat product containing the major TAG component of cocoa butter, namely, 1(3)-palmitoyl-3(1)-stearoyl-2-monoolein (POS), was 1.6:1. The m.p. of this purified product as determined by DSC was comparable to the m.p. of cocoa butter, and its yield was 45% based on the weight of the original substrates. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Nigerian Inst Oil Palm Res, Div Biochem, Benin, Nigeria. Univ Benin, Dept Biochem, Benin, Nigeria. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1193 EP 1196 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0841-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 757WL UT WOS:000187584400007 ER PT J AU Veith, TL Wolfe, ML Heatwole, CD AF Veith, TL Wolfe, ML Heatwole, CD TI Optimization procedure for cost effective BMP placement at a watershed scale SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watershed management; genetic algorithm; spatial optimization; modeling; geographic information systems; nonpoint source pollution; sediment delivery AB A combinatorial optimization procedure for best management practice (BMP) placement at the watershed level facilitates selection of cost effective BMP scenarios to control nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. A genetic algorithm (GA) was selected from among several optimization heuristics. The GA combines an optimization component written in the C++ language with spatially variable NPS pollution prediction and economic analysis components written within the ArcView geographic information system. The procedure is modular in design, allowing for component modifications while maintaining the basic conceptual framework. An objective function was developed to lexicographically optimize pollution reduction followed by cost increase. Scenario cost effectiveness is then calculated for scenario comparisons. The NPS pollutant fitness score allows for evaluation of multiple pollutants, based on prioritization of each pollutant. The economic component considers farm level public and private costs, cost distribution, and land area requirements. Development of a sediment transport function, used with the Universal Soil Loss Equation, allows the optimization procedure to run within a reasonable timeframe. The procedure identifies multiple near optimal solutions, providing an indication of which fields have a more critical impact on overall cost effectiveness and flexibility in the final solution selected for implementation,The procedure was demonstrated for a 1,014-ha watershed in the Ridge and Valley physiographic region of Virginia. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn 0303, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Tamie.Veith@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 26 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1331 EP 1343 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04421.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 765BL UT WOS:000188247200001 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Testa, S Cooper, CM AF Shields, FD Knight, SS Testa, S Cooper, CM TI Use of acoustic Doppler current profilers to describe velocity distributions at the reach scale SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; hydraulics; acoustic Doppler current profiler; velocity; vorticity; circulation; physical aquatic habitat quantification; fish; rivers ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FISH COMMUNITIES; CHANNEL INCISION; AQUATIC HABITATS; STREAM HABITATS; WATER VELOCITY; FLOW REFUGIA; INSTREAM; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMPLEXITY AB Research has demonstrated the utility of metrics based on spatial velocity gradients to characterize and describe stream habitat, with higher mean spatial-gradients indicative of higher levels of physical heterogeneity and thus habitat quality. However, detailed description of the velocity field that is needed to compute these metrics is difficult to obtain. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) may be used to rapidly collect detailed representations of river depth and velocity fields in rivers deeper than 1 m. Such data were collected in March 2000 from cross sections of the Little Tallahatchie River, Mississippi, representing three distinct habitat types (naturally sinuous, channelized, and abandoned channel). These datasets were used to compute component velocities, vorticity, and area weighted mean vorticity (circulation). Velocities and circulation were highest in the meander, lowest in the abandoned channel, and intermediate in the channelized reach. Secondary flow, expressed as the average magnitude of the lateral (transverse) velocity divided by the total velocity, was significantly higher in the meander. The sinuous natural channel and abandoned channel displayed distinctive spatial patterns, with regions of depressed velocity consistently occurring near banks. ADCPs hold great potential as tools for the study of riverine ecosystems, but data reduction is difficult using existing software. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1408 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04426.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 765BL UT WOS:000188247200006 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG Kuczynska, E AF Boyer, DG Kuczynska, E TI Storm and seasonal distributions of fecal coliforms and Cryptosporidium in a spring SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; agricultural hydrology; fecal coliform; Cryptosporidium parvum; karst; ground water ID BACTERIAL WATER-QUALITY; KARST GROUNDWATER; PARVUM OOCYSTS; OUTBREAK; GIARDIA; IMPACTS AB The transmission of disease in ground water is a topic of great concern to government agencies, ground water specialists, and the general public. The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal variability in storm flow of fecal coliform bacteria densities and Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst densities in agriculturally impacted karst ground water. Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst densities ranged from 0 to 1,050 oocysts/l, and mean storm densities ranged from 3.5 to 156.8 oocysts/l. Fecal coliform densities ranged from less than 1 CFU/100ml to more than 40,000 CFU/100ml, and geometric mean storm densities ranged from 1.7 CFU/100ml to more than 7,000 CFU/100ml. Fecal coliform densities correlated well with flow during storms, but Cryptosporidium oocyst densities exhibited a great deal of sample to sample variability and were not correlated with flow. Fecal coliform densities did not correlate positively with Cryptosporidium oocyst densities. Fecal coliform densities were greatest at storm peaks, when sediment loads were also greatest. Multiple transport mechanisms for fecal coliform bacteria and C. parvum oocysts may necessitate various agricultural land management and livestock health maintenance practices to control movement of pathogens to karst ground water. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. EM dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1456 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04430.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 765BL UT WOS:000188247200010 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV Cleland, B AF Bonta, JV Cleland, B TI Incorporating natural variability, uncertainty, and risk into water quality evaluations using duration curves SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; BMP; best management practice; derived distribution; TMDL; duration curves ID 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS; FLOW-DURATION; RECLAMATION; DISCHARGE; IMPACT AB Quantifying natural variability, uncertainty, and risk with minimal data is one of the greatest challenges facing those engaged in water quality evaluations, such as development of total maximum daily loads (TMDL), because of regulatory, natural, and analytical constraints. Quantification of uncertainty and variability in natural systems is illustrated using duration curves (DCs), plots that illustrate the percent of time that a particular flow rate (FDC), concentration (CDC), or load rate (LDC; "TMDL") is exceeded, and are constructed using simple derived distributions. Duration curves require different construction methods and interpretations, depending on whether there is a statistically significant correlation between concentration (C) and flow (Q), and on the sign of the C-Q regression slope (positive or negative). Flow DCs computed from annual runoff data vary compared with an FDC developed using all data. Percent exceedance for DCs can correspond to risk; however, DCs are not composed of independent quantities. Confidence intervals of data about a regression line can be used to develop confidence limits for the CDC and LDC. An alternate expression to a fixed TMDL is suggested as the risk of a load rate being exceeded and lying between confidence limits. Averages over partial ranges of DCs are also suggested as an alternative expression of TMDLs. DCs can be used to quantify watershed response in terms of changes in exceedances, concentrations, and load rates after implementation of best management practices. C1 USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Amer Clean Water Fdn, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM bonta@coshocton.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1481 EP 1496 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04433.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 765BL UT WOS:000188247200013 ER PT J AU Wellnitz, T Rader, RB AF Wellnitz, T Rader, RB TI Mechanisms influencing community composition and succession in mountain stream periphyton: interactions between scouring history, grazing, and irradiance SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE herbivory; irradiance; disturbance; algae; periphyton; bedload scouring; community structure; biotic and abiotic controls; mountain streams; Hydrurus; Chamaesiphon; Rhithrogena ID ALGAL COMMUNITIES; WATER VELOCITY; BENTHIC ALGAE; ALPINE STREAM; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; GRAZERS; LIGHT; HETEROGENEITY; ECOSYSTEM AB A field experiment with a factorial design was used to examine changes in benthic periphyton exposed to different regimes of scouring (scoured/non-scoured), light (open/shaded), and grazing (grazed/non-grazed) to investigate the role of environmental heterogeneity in shaping assemblages of periphyton in Rocky Mountain streams. Clay tile substrata were positioned at the start of the experiment either in the main channel (to receive bedload scouring) or a protected side channel (where scouring did not occur) of a 3(rd)-order, subalpine stream (elevation 3000 m asl). After 45 d, tiles were transferred to in situ stream channels where light intensity and densities of a mayfly grazer (Rhithrogena robusta) were manipulated. Scoured tiles carried similar to2X greater algal biovolume than non-scoured tiles 1 wk after high flows receded. The chrysophyte Hydrurus foetidus and the cyanobacterium Chamaesiphon incrustans predominated on scoured tiles, whereas diatoms, which were rare on scoured tiles, were the most abundant on non-scoured tiles. Non-scoured tiles also had 3X greater algal species richness than scoured tiles. Thus, seasonal high flows resulted in higher algal biomass but lower algal diversity than base flows at the spatial scale of individual cobbles. Scouring history, light, and grazer manipulations influenced the final periphyton assemblage structure in post-scour experiments. Scouring effects persisted throughout the experiment, in that scoured tiles had greater periphytic ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and lower algal biovolume than non-scoured tiles at the end of the experiment. Light had little direct influence on periphyton. Tiles in open channels receiving full sunlight (irradiance = 1696 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) supported less periphytic AFDM than shaded tiles (506 mumol m(-2) s(-1)), but light had no effect on total algal biovolume and influenced the abundance of only 2 of 5 algal taxa. Grazers depressed periphytic AFDM, algal biovolume, and the abundance of all major taxa except H. foetidus. Differences in community composition resulting from scoured and non-scoured treatments influenced periphytic and algal response to grazers and light. No single factor drove periphytic heterogeneity. Post-scouring community structure and interactions between grazers and light were important processes producing a mosaic of patches. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Wellnitz, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 28 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 528 EP 541 DI 10.2307/1468350 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 748AT UT WOS:000186839900004 ER PT J AU Jackson, LS Robinson, EH Li, MHH Wolters, WR McKee, DA AF Jackson, LS Robinson, EH Li, MHH Wolters, WR McKee, DA TI Restricted and satiate feeding of two genetically isolated strains of juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared on 28% and 32% protein diets SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; PRACTICAL DIETS; ANIMAL PROTEIN; EARTHEN PONDS; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY AB A 10-wk growth comparison trial of two strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was conducted in 40 120-L flow-through aquaria using a 2 X 2 x 2 factorial experiment design. The three factors evaluated were: strain (Norris and NWAC103), dietary protein level (28% and 32%), and feeding rate (restricted and satiate). Average initial weight (+/- SD) for the Norris strain was 3.0 +/- 0.08 g/fish, while that of the NWAC103 strain was 4.7 +/- 0.13 g/fish. The feeding rate for the satiated group was adjusted based on feeding observations. The feeding rate for the restricted group was adjusted to about 2/3 of the satiate level. For both satiate and restricted feeding regimens, the NWAC103 strain consumed more feed than the Norris strain. Fish of Norris strain fed the 32% protein diet consumed more feed than fish fed the 28% protein diet; however, there were no differences in feed consumption in the NWAC103 fish fed the two protein diets. Regardless of feeding rate, the NWAC103 fish gained more weight and converted feed more efficiently than the Norris fish. Fillet composition was not affected by fish strain. Fish fed the 28% protein diet had a lower level of fillet protein than fish fed the 32% protein diet. In fish fed to satiation, a 32% protein diet resulted in a lower fillet fat level than a 28% protein diet, but no differences were observed in fillet fat levels between fish fed the two dietary protein levels for the restricted group. Results from the present study demonstrate that under laboratory conditions, the NWAC103 strain of channel catfish is superior to Norris strain in feed consumption, growth rate, and feed efficiency. Our data also indicate that either a 28% or 32% protein diet can be fed to either strain of channel catfish whether they are fed to satiation or fed a restricted ration with no detrimental effects on growth. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Robinson, EH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, 127 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 478 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00086.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 755DR UT WOS:000187388900006 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Higgins, JA Gundersen-Rindal, DE AF Chen, YP Higgins, JA Gundersen-Rindal, DE TI Quantitation of a Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus gene expressed in parasitized host, Lymantria dispar, by real-time quantitative RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Glyptapanteles indiensis; Lymantria dispar; polydnavirus; parasitization; gene expression; real-time quantitative RT-PCR ID PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR; INSECT; SUPPRESSION; HEMOCYTES; GENOME; VIRUS; WASP AB Glyptapanteles indiensis is a polydnavirus-carrying wasp that parasitizes early instar gypsy moth larvae. During oviposition, the wasp injects calyx fluid containing polydnavirus along with its eggs into the host. Within the host, expression of polydnavirus genes triggers a set of changes in host physiology, which are of critical importance for the survival of the wasp. In the present study, a G. indiensis polydnavirus (GiPDV) gene, represented by cDNA clone GiPDV 1.1, was selected for expression analysis in the parasitized host. The GiPDV 1.1 gene transcript was detected in host hemolymph 30 min post-parasitization (pp) and continued to be detected for six days. The level of GiPDV 1.1 expression varied in different host tissues and expression in the brain was lower than in the hemolymph. The findings suggest that GiPDV 1.1 could be involved in early protection of parasitoid eggs from host cellular encapsulation. The temporal and spatial variations in PDV gene expression in different host tissues post-parasitization affirm their specific host regulation mechanism. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gundersen-Rindal, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Biocontrol Lab, Room 214,Bldg 011A BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2003 VL 114 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.08.010 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 750KM UT WOS:000186989900002 PM 14625047 ER PT J AU Levy, AM Izumiya, Y Brunovskis, P Xia, L Parcells, MS Reddy, SM Lee, L Chen, HW Kung, HJ AF Levy, AM Izumiya, Y Brunovskis, P Xia, L Parcells, MS Reddy, SM Lee, L Chen, HW Kung, HJ TI Characterization of the chromosomal binding sites and dimerization partners of the viral oncoprotein Meq in Marek's disease virus-transformed T cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HERPESVIRUS BZIP ONCOPROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DNA-REPLICATION; CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION; INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE; SURFACE-ANTIGENS; LEUCINE ZIPPER; ONCOGENE JUN; PROTEIN OBP AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus that causes T-cell lymphomas in chickens. We previously reported the identification of a putative oncogene, meq, that is encoded only by the oncogenic serotype of MDV. The gene product, Meq, is a latent protein that is consistently expressed in MDV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells and tumor cells. Meq has a bZIP (basic leucine zipper) structure resembling the family of Jun/Fos. The mechanism whereby Meq transforms T cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the properties of Meq as a transcriptional factor. We analyzed Meq's dimerization partners and its target genes in MSB-1, an MDV-transformed T-cell line. By using in vitro assays, we first demonstrated Meq's potential to dimerize with a variety of bZIP proteins. We then identified c-Jun as the primary dimerization partner of Meq. Both are found to be colocalized in the nucleus and corecruited to promoters with AP-1 sequences. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we scanned the entire MDV genome for Meq binding sites and found three regions that were enriched with Meq binding: the MDV lytic replication origin, the promoter for Meq, and the promoter for ICP4. Transactivation assays using the above promoters showed that Meq/Meq homodimers exhibited repression activity, whereas Meq/Jun heterodimers showed activation. Finally, we were able to show by ChIP that Meq is recruited to the interleukin-2 promoter in a region encompassing an AP-1 site. Thus, in addition to providing general knowledge about the transcriptional properties of Meq, our studies revealed for the first time the ability of Meq to interact with the latent MDV and host genomes. Our data suggest, therefore, a role for Meq in viral genome regulation during latency, in addition to its putative causal role in T-cell transformation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Kung, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Res Bldg 111,Room 2400B,4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 NR 61 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 77 IS 23 BP 12841 EP 12851 DI 10.1128/JVI.23.12841-12851.2003 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 744DM UT WOS:000186612700044 PM 14610205 ER PT J AU Pacheco, JM Henry, TM O'Donnell, VK Gregory, JB Mason, PW AF Pacheco, JM Henry, TM O'Donnell, VK Gregory, JB Mason, PW TI Role of nonstructural proteins 3A and 3B in host range and pathogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; APHTHOVIRUS STRAINS; SERIAL PASSAGES; CHICKEN EMBRYOS; POLIOVIRUS RNA; NUCLEOTIDE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES; DETERMINANTS AB The genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) differs from that of other picornaviruses in that it encodes a larger 3A protein (>50% longer than poliovirus 3A), as well as three copies of protein 3B (also known as VPg). Previous studies have shown that a deletion of amino acids 93 to 102 of the 153-codon 3A protein is associated with an inability of a Taiwanese strain of FMDV (O/TAW/97) to cause disease in bovines. Recently, an Asian virus with a second 3A deletion (amino acids 133 to 143) has also been detected (N. J. Knowles et al., J. Virol. 75:1551-1556, 2001). Genetically engineered viruses harboring the amino acids 93 to 102 or 133 to 143 grew well in porcine cells but replicated poorly in bovine cells, whereas a genetically engineered derivative of the O/TAW/97 virus expressing a full-length 3A (strain A12) grew well in both cell types. Interestingly, a virus with a deletion spanning amino acid 93 to 144 also grew well in porcine cells and caused disease in swine. Further, genetically engineered viruses containing only a single copy of VPg were readily recovered with the full-length 3A, the deleted 3A (amino acids 93 to 102), or the "super" deleted forms of 3A (missing amino acids 93 to 144). All of the single-VPg viruses were attenuated in porcine cells and replicated poorly in bovine cells. The single-VPg viruses produced a mild disease in swine, indicating that the VPg copy number is an important determinant of host range and virulence. The association of VPg copy number with increased virulence in vivo may help to explain why all naturally occurring FMDVs have retained three copies of VPg. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Mason, PW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, 3206B Mary Moody No Paviol,301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 34 TC 69 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 77 IS 24 BP 13017 EP 13027 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.24.13017-13027.2003 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 750YF UT WOS:000187025500010 PM 14645558 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Senne, DA Davison, S Suarez, DL AF Spackman, E Senne, DA Davison, S Suarez, DL TI Sequence analysis of recent H7 avian influenza viruses associated with three different outbreaks in commercial poultry in the United States SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HEMAGGLUTININ; NEURAMINIDASE; EMERGENCE; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS; CLEAVAGE; MEXICO; DUCKS AB The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of H7 avian influenza virus (AIV) isolated between 1994 and 2002 from live-bird markets (LBMs) in the northeastern United States and from three outbreaks in commercial poultry have been characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of the RA and NA genes demonstrates that the isolates from commercial poultry were closely related to the viruses circulating in the LBMs. Also, since 1994, two distinguishing genetic features have appeared in this AIV lineage: a deletion of 17 amino acids in the NA protein stalk region and a deletion of 8 amino acids in the HA1 protein which is putatively in part of the receptor binding site. Furthermore, analysis of the HA cleavage site amino acid sequence, a marker for pathogenicity in chickens and turkeys, shows a progression toward a cleavage site sequence that fulfills the molecular criteria for highly pathogenic AIV. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 77 IS 24 BP 13399 EP 13402 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.24.13399-13402.2003 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 750YF UT WOS:000187025500047 PM 14645595 ER PT J AU Velasquez, MT Bhathena, SJ Ranich, T Schwartz, AM Kardon, DE Ali, AA Haudenschild, CC Hansen, CT AF Velasquez, MT Bhathena, SJ Ranich, T Schwartz, AM Kardon, DE Ali, AA Haudenschild, CC Hansen, CT TI Dietary flaxseed meal reduces proteinuria and ameliorates nephropathy in an animal model of type II diabetes mellitus SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE type II diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; flaxseed meal; soy protein; proteinuria; diabetic nephropathy; glomerular disease; tubulointerstitium ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; EXPERIMENTAL RENAL-DISEASE; VEGETARIAN SOY DIET; SHR/N-CORPULENT RAT; LUPUS NEPHRITIS; MESANGIAL CELLS; FISH-OIL; CP RATS AB Background. Evidence is emerging that varying the type or source of dietary protein intake can have beneficial effects on chronic renal disease. Consumption of soybean and soy-based food products, as the source of plant protein, can retard the development and progression of chronic renal disease. We studied the obese spontaneously hypertensive/NIH-corpulent (SHR/Ncp) rat, a model of obesity and type II diabetes mellitus that consistently develops nephropathy resembling diabetic nephropathy. We specifically sought to determine whether changing the source of protein intake from animal protein, casein, to plant protein in the form of either soy protein concentrate or flaxseed protein in the diet has a different impact on renal function and nephropathy in this model. Methods. Male obese SHR/N-cp rats were randomly assigned to one of three diets containing either 20% casein, 20% soy protein concentrate, or 20% flaxseed meal. Except for the protein source, all three diets were identical and contained similar amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. All animals were maintained on these diets for 6 months. At the end of the study, blood sampling and 24-hour urine collections were performed for renal functional measurements, and the kidneys were harvested and examined for histologic evaluation. Results. All three groups had similar amounts of food intake and body weight gain and exhibited fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Plasma glucose levels did not differ among the three groups, but plasma insulin concentration was significantly lower in rats fed flaxseed meal than those fed either casein or soy protein concentrate. Mean plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urinary urea excretion also did not differ significantly between the three groups. By contrast, urinary protein excretion was significantly lower (P<0.01) in rats fed flaxseed than in rats fed either casein or soy protein concentrate. Morphologic analysis of renal structural lesions showed that the percentage of abnormal glomeruli with mesangial expansion and the tubulointerstitial score (an index of severity of tubulointerstitial damage) were significantly reduced in rats fed flaxmeal compared to those fed casein or soy protein concentrate. Conclusion. We conclude that dietary protein substitution with flaxseed meal reduces proteinuria and glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in obese SHR/N-cp rats and that flaxseed meal is more effective than soy protein in reducing proteinuria and renal histologic abnormalities in this model. The reduction in proteinuria and renal injury was independent of the amount of protein intake and glycemic control. Which dietary component(s) present in flaxseed meal is (are) responsible for the renal protective effect remains to be determined. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Renal Dis & Hypertens, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Jerome Holland Labs, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Renal Dis & Hypertens, 2150 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM mvelasquez@mfa.gwu.edu NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 EI 1523-1755 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 64 IS 6 BP 2100 EP 2107 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00329.x PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 740YV UT WOS:000186431600016 PM 14633132 ER PT J AU Krinsky, NI AF Krinsky, Norman I. TI Human requirements for fat-soluble vitamins, and other things concerning these nutrients SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review C1 [Krinsky, Norman I.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Krinsky, Norman I.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Krinsky, NI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Biochem, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM norman.krinsky@tufts.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 EI 1872-9452 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0098-2997(03)00027-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA V38JC UT WOS:000209338700002 PM 14585302 ER PT J AU Reeves, PA Olmstead, RG AF Reeves, PA Olmstead, RG TI Evolution of the TCP gene family in asteridae: Cladistic and network approaches to understanding regulatory gene family diversification and its impact on morphological evolution SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE development; evolution; gene family; flower symmetry; cycloidea; phylogenetics; network ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; FLORAL SYMMETRY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; HOMEOTIC GENES; SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENY; TREES; SCROPHULARIACEAE AB In the plant subclass Asteridae, bilaterally symmetrical flowers have evolved from a radially symmetrical ancestral phenotype on at least three independent occasions: in the Boraginaceae, Solanaceae, and Lamiales. Development of bilateral flower symmetry has been shown to be determined by the early-acting cycloidea (cyc) and dichotoma (dich) genes in Antirrhinum, a member of the Lamiales. cyc and dich belong to the TCP gene family of putative transcription factors. TCP gene sequences were isolated from 11 Asteridae taxa using an array of degenerate PCR primers. Closely related species exhibiting either ancestral actinomorphic or derived zygomorphic flowers were sampled for each independent origin of bilateral flower symmetry. Cladistic and network-based analyses were performed to establish viable hypotheses regarding the evolution of bilateral symmetry in Asteridae. For the TCP gene family, the use of cladistic phylogenetic analysis to identify orthologous genes is complicated by a paucity of alignable data, frequent gene duplication and extinction, and the possibility of reticulate evolution via intergenic recombination. These complicating factors can be generalized to many regulatory gene families. As an alternative to cladistic analysis, we propose the use of network analysis for the reconstruction of regulatory gene family phylogenetic and functional relationships. Results of analyses support the hypothesis that the origin of bilaterally symmetrical flowers in the Boraginaceae and Solanaceae did not require orthologs or functional analogs of cyc or dich. This suggests that the genetic mechanism that determines bilateral flower symmetry in these taxa is not homologous to that of the Lamiales. Results of analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of bilateral floral symmetry in the Lamiales required the origin of a novel gene function subsequent to gene duplication. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Reeves, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM reevesp@lamar.colostate.edu OI Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 NR 61 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1997 EP 2009 DI 10.1093/molbev/msg211 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 762JX UT WOS:000187969400006 PM 12885953 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, F Rexroad, CE Palti, Y AF Rodriguez, F Rexroad, CE Palti, Y TI Characterization of twenty-four microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE gene duplication; genetic map; genome; microsatellite markers; Oncorliynchits mykiss; rainbow trout AB Twenty-four new microsatellite markers were developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The amount of polymorphism, percentage heterozygosity and ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids were recorded. Seven markers were observed to be duplicated in the rainbow trout genome by containing more than one allele in homozygous (clonal) fish. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rodriguez, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1046/j.1471.8286.2003.00531.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 755KJ UT WOS:000187401800042 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Rothwell, L Kaiser, P AF Kogut, MH Rothwell, L Kaiser, P TI Priming by recombinant chicken interleukin-2 induces selective expression of IL-8 and IL-18 mRNA in chicken heterophils during receptor-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterophils; chickens; IL-2; phagocytosis; receptors; priming; IL-8; IL-18 ID GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB Heterophils, the principal avian polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) equivalent to the mammalian neutrophiI, function as professional phagocytes against bacterial infections, mediate acute inflammation, and respond to cytokine stimulation to aid in regulation of innate host defenses. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been found to exercise an array of biological effects on other cell types besides T lymphocytes, including NK cells, B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. In the present experiments, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we evaluated the role of rChIL-2 as a priming mediator controlling heterophil responses at the level of gene transcription by examining the expression of mRNA for pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8) and Th1 (IL-18 and IFN-gamma) cytokine genes following stimulation with phagocytosis agonists; i.e., opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella enteritidis. Peripheral blood heterophils were isolated and incubated with rChIL-2 from transfected COS cells. rChIL-2 selectively primed the heterophils for an increase in transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and of the Th1 cytokine 1L-18 induced by all three phagocytic agonists. Although rChIL-2 priming modulated the expression of specific cytokine mRNA in heterophils stimulated by different phagocytic agonists, the rChIL-2 by itself did not directly induce gene expression of either the pro-inflammatory or Th1 cytokines. We propose that rChIL-2 could be priming heterophils solely to function as more efficient innate effector cells to limit bacterial growth through the selective increase of IL-8 and IL-18 gene expression. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Rothwell, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 9 BP 603 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.08.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 745PB UT WOS:000186696100005 PM 14597163 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Tooley, PW AF Martin, FN Tooley, PW TI Phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora ramorum, P-nemorosa, and P-pseudosyringae, three species recovered from areas in California with sudden oak death SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SP-NOV.; NICOTIANAE; PARASITICA; INFESTANS; PATHOGEN; HYBRIDS; CAPSICI AB Sudden oak death has been an emerging disease problem in coastal California and has caused significant losses in forest ecosystems in some regions of the state. The causal agent of this disease has been described as Phytophthora ramorum with two other less aggressive species, P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae, recovered from some symptomatic plants. The phylogenetic relationship of these species with other members of the genus was examined by sequence alignment of 667 bp of the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome oxidase II gene and the nuclear encoded rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. P. ramorum was most closely related to P. hibernalis and P. lateralis in trees from both regions, although the specific relationship among species differed depending on the tree. In the cox II tree these species were on a single clade with P. lateralis basal to a group containing P. ramorum and P. hibernalis. On the maximum parsimony ITS tree P. ramorum was most closely affiliated with P. lateralis and in the same clade as P. hibernalis, but with maximum likelihood analysis P. ramorum was basal to a grouping of P. hibernalis and P. lateralis. While bootstrap support was strong for the grouping of these species together, it was not for determining the relationship among them. In contrast to the cox II tree, the clade containing these three species grouped with P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. erythroseptica, and P. syringae in the ITS tree. Since the same isolates of these species were used for both the cox II and ITS sequence analysis, this difference in species grouping suggests either a differential rate of evolutionary divergence for these two regions, incorrect assumptions about alignment of ITS sequences, or different evolutionary histories of the regions under study. Analysis of combined cox II and ITS data sets gave trees where the relationships among these species were the same as for the ITS tree alone, although the results of the partition homogeneity test (P = 0.072) suggest caution should be used in interpretation of this data. All analyses supported a close relationship between P. ilicis, P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae, although the analysis did not clarify the evolutionary relationships among these three species. Interestingly, these three species had a unique 6 bp deletion in the cox II gene just before the termination codon. While there was some similarity in phylogenetic grouping of these species and morphological characteristics, this was not consistent across all comparisons in the genus. Data would suggest that P. ramorum, P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae are phylogenetically distinct new species and not the result of interspecific hybridization. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 107 BP 1379 EP 1391 DI 10.1017/S0953756203008785 PN 12 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 804GD UT WOS:000220286300001 PM 15000239 ER PT J AU Shih, FF AF Shih, FF TI An update on the processing of high-protein rice products SO NAHRUNG-FOOD LA English DT Review DE review; rice bran; rice protein ID MILLED RICE; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; HYPOALLERGENIC RICE; COOKED RICE; STABILIZATION TREATMENT; EXTRUSION COOKING; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; STARCH ISOLATION; BRAN; FLOUR AB The component of protein in rice, at 7-9% by weight, is relatively low, but the total amount of rice protein potentially available is significant because the production of rice worldwide, at 380 million tons annually, is huge. Rice proteins are recognized as nutritional, hypoallergenic, and healthy for human consumption, and rice protein products have been in demand in recent years. However, because of difficulties in the processing, rice protein products, particularly high-protein content ones, have not been readily available. Two of the main sources of rice protein, rice bran and, to a lesser extent, broken rice kernels, have been under-used and under-priced. This report provides an update on the processing of these sources for rice proteins. Methods of protein processing are highlighted including the traditional alkaline extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and the novel uses of physical treatment prior to water extraction. Also discussed are effects of processing on the functional and nutritional properties of rice protein. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Shih, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0027-769X J9 NAHRUNG JI Nahr.-Food PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 6 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1002/food.200390093 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 756HN UT WOS:000187459800010 PM 14727771 ER PT J AU Kretschmann, D AF Kretschmann, D TI Natural materials - Velcro mechanics in wood SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item ID SOUTHERN PINE; PART I AB The remarkable deformability of wood in a moist environment resembles that of ductile metals. A combination of traditional mechanical tests and cutting-edge diffraction experiments reveal the molecular mechanism that determines such behaviour. C1 FS, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kretschmann, D (reprint author), FS, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinshot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 775 EP 776 DI 10.1038/nmat1025 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 748CC UT WOS:000186843800007 PM 14647489 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Dickson, DW AF Kokalis-Burelle, N Dickson, DW TI Evaluation of Plantpro 45 and Plantpro 20EC as alternatives to Methyl Bromide soil fumigation for tomato production in Florida - Abstracts SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article AB Two formulations of a water-soluble, iodophor were evaluated as potential alternatives to methyl bromide soil fumigation by assessing their effects on growth, disease and yield of tomato. Three field trials evaluating Plantpro 45 and Plantpro 20EC were conducted in 2001 at two locations in central Florida. Plantpro 45 and Plantpro 20EC were applied through two drip irrigation lines and methyl bromide was shank applied in the bed. Methyl bromide treated soil consistently produced plants with increased shoot height, shoot weight, and root weight early in the season, healthier root condition and lower gall ratings throughout the season, and greater yields compared to both Plantpro formulations in two of three experiments. Both Plantpro formulations resulted in root-knot nematode populations in soil similar to the nontreated control soil in all studies. In fall experiments at both locations, plants in methyl bromide treated soil had less galling at the end of the season than both Plantpro formulations. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 832UZ UT WOS:000222294100007 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Langston, DB AF Davis, RF Langston, DB TI Reproduction of Meloidogyne Species on Yellow Granex Onion and potential yield suppression - Abstracts SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CHITWOODI AB The suitability of onion (Allium cepa cv. Sweet Vidalia) as a host for Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica was evaluated. The effect of M. incognita on yield and economic return of direct-seeded and transplanted onions also was evaluated. Nematode reproduction was evaluated in two greenhouse trials with six replications each. All three nematode species increased with final egg counts of 19,300 for M. incognita, 32,100 for M. arenaria, and 40,350 for H javanica in the first trial and 167,200 for M. incognita, 71,600 for M. arenaria, and 101,950 for M. javanica in the second trial. Final egg counts were similar (P greater than or equal to 0.05) among the three species in the first trial, but M. incognita produced more eggs (P less than or equal to 0.05) than M. arenaria in the second trial. The application of 1,3-D in direct-seeded onions increased the weight (kg/ha) of large and colossal sizes in both seasons and the weight of small and medium sizes in 2002-2003. In transplanted onions, the weight of colossal onions was increased in 2001-2002, but weights were unaffected in 2002-2003. Onion is a good host for all three Meloidogyne species tested, and M. incognita can reduce yields and economic return when onions are direct-seeded. Transplanted onions in this study did not suffer economic loss. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31703 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 832UZ UT WOS:000222294100008 ER PT J AU Bechtold, WA AF Bechtold, WA TI Crown position and light exposure classification - An alternative to field-assigned crown class SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE tree crown class; crown position; crown light exposure ID DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE AB Crown class, an ordinal tree-level mensuration attribute used extensively by foresters, is difficult to assign in the field because definitions of individual classes are confounded by ambiguous references to the position of the tree in the canopy and amount of light received by its crown. When crown class is decomposed into its two elements-crown position and crown light exposure-field assignments are more repeatable, and crown class can be assigned by algorithm with the same degree of accuracy that it can be estimated in the field. Replacing traditional crown class with the two proposed alternative variables yields more specific information about each tree. Crown position and crown light exposure add information potentially useful for modeling and other applications. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Bechtold, WA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 753EG UT WOS:000187218700002 ER PT J AU Sendak, PE Ably, RC Turner, RJ AF Sendak, PE Ably, RC Turner, RJ TI Timber supply projections for northern new England and New York: Integrating a market perspective SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE timber supply; markets; economic modeling; Maine; New Hampshire; New York; Vermont AB The North East State Foresters Association (NEFA) commissioned a study that resulted in the publication of a report titled, "A Forest Resource Model of the States of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine." In this article we used the integrated NEFA computer simulation framework to go beyond the reported results and further explore the effects on the forest resource in terms of timber harvest, inventory, and price under various market and demand assumptions. Five scenarios were run through the integrated SRTS-ATLAS model to project long-run effects on timber inventory (growing stock) and price. Besides reflecting differing assumptions about demand and supply, these scenarios defined different markets, thus affecting how the wood harvest was allowed to move across the region in response to demand. Regionally, at the end of the 50 yr projection period, cubic foot growth and harvest were approximately in balance in the Reference Case, the scenario that we felt was most likely. Initial inventory on all timberland was 66.7 billion ft(3). By 2050, inventory volume increased 13% to 75.4 billion ft(3). Net growth declined over the 50 yr period from 35.3 to 32.1 ft(3) ac(-1) yr(-1), while harvest increased from 26.6 to 31.9 ft(3) ac(-1) yr(-1). Regional real price increased approximately 1.1% yr(-1) over the period. Changes in the resource situation in one state affect the situation in the other states. There is a mutual dependence in markets that policy makers need to recognize. The integration of a market module into the NEFA modeling process added the interplay of market forces and improved upon the policy information available from the model. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RJ Turner Co, Bristol, VT 05443 USA. RP Sendak, PE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 175 EP 185 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 753EG UT WOS:000187218700005 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, WB TI Regeneration of patch harvests in even-aged northern hardwoods in New England SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE group selection; patch selection; regeneration AB One suggested approach to converting even-aged northern hardwoods to an uneven-aged condition is the use of small-patch harvests to initiate new regeneration of desired species. Past experience indicates that such harvests maybe less successful in second-growth, even-aged stands than in older stands due to the abundance of sprouts and noncommercial species. Remeasurement of 47-yr-old patch harvests, applied to a 70-yr-old even-aged stand, growing on a beech-red maple site in New Hampshire showed that paper and yellow birch dominated the regeneration composition of patch centers. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 188 EP 189 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 753EG UT WOS:000187218700007 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, CL AF Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, CL TI Characterization of the floral odor of Oregongrape: Possible feeding attractants for moths SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; VOLATILES AB Moths and other insects at blooms of Oregongrape were sampled with traps during April and May 2001. Moths captured were predominantly the alfalfa looper (43%), and the gooseberry fruitworm (26%) with small numbers of 14 other species in the families Noctuidae and Geometridae. Analyses of samples made from the air around blooms of Oregongrape shrubs revealed the consistent presence of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, sabinene, E-beta-ocimene, beta-myrcene, limonene, benzaldehyde, and phenylacetaidehyde. Greatest amounts released per flower per hour were 124.5 +/- 40.8 ng phenylacetaldehyde, 87.6 +/- 6.7 ng alpha-pinene, 54.4 +/- 17.8 ng E-beta-ocimene, and 43.9 +/- 7.0 ng limonene. Phenylacetaldehyde and benzaldehyde are known attractants for some moths, including the alfalfa looper. The odor produced by Oregongrape blooms may attract feeding moths for pollination of flowers. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656KJ UT WOS:000181606700011 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM TI Blood pressure reduced by whole grain diet containing barley or whole wheat and brown rice in moderately hypercholesterolemic men SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barley; wheat; brown rice; blood pressure; fiber ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; OAT BRAN; CHINESE POPULATION; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; GLYCEMIC LOAD; SOLUBLE FIBER; RISK; WOMEN; CONSUMPTION AB Whole grains have been reported to lower blood pressure, but results have been mixed. This report compares the effects of soluble and insoluble fibers on blood pressure in a whole grain diet. Twenty-one non-hypertensive men (28-62 yr) with elevated plasma cholesterol levels were selected for the study approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Men consumed a Step 1 diet for 2 wk. and then consumed diets with brown rice/whole wheat, barley, or a combination for 5 wk in a Latin square. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures did not change during the Step 1 diet, but were reduced by whole grains whether the fiber was predominantly soluble barley) or insoluble (brown rice & whole wheat). Urinary excretion of phosphorus, and urea nitrogen were lower after consumption of the barley diet. Increasing whole grain foods in a healthy diet can reduce cardiovascular risk. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Diet & Hlth Promot Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Diet & Hlth Promot Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Ctr E, Bldg 308,Rm 212, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1631 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2003.08.014 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 756UU UT WOS:000187502900004 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA AF Anderson, RA TI Chromium and insulin resistance SO NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE chromium; insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes mellitus; glucose metabolism; supplementation ID SUPPLEMENTAL-CHROMIUM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PICOLINATE SUPPLEMENTATION; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; BODY-COMPOSITION; SERUM GLUCOSE; EXCRETION; RATS; DECREASES; EXERCISE AB Insulin resistance leads to the inability of insulin to control the utilization and storage of glucose. It is associated initially with elevated levels of circulating insulin followed by glucose intolerance which may progress to type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. While the causes of these diseases are multifactorial, one nutrient that is associated with all of these abnormalities is Cr. In the presence of Cr, in a biologically active form, much lower levels of insulin are required. Modem diets, which are often high in refined carbohydrates, are not only low in Cr, but lead to enhanced Cr losses. In response to the consumption of refined carbohydrates, there is a rapid rise in blood sugar leading to elevations in insulin that cause a mobilization of Cr. Once mobilized, Cr is not reabsorbed but lost via the urine leading to decreased Cr stores. Several studies involving both human subjects and experimental animals have reported improvements in insulin sensitivity, blood glucose, insulin, lipids, haemoglobin A1c, lean body mass and related variables in response to improved Cr nutrition. However, not all studies have reported beneficial effects associated with improved Cr nutrition. Well-controlled human studies are needed to document an unequivocal effect of Cr on insulin sensitivity in human subjects. Studies need to involve a significant number of subjects with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance or early stages of diabetes, who have not been taking supplements containing Cr for at least 4 months, and involve at least 400 to 600 mug supplemental Cr daily or more. Studies should be at least 4 months to document sustained effects of supplemental Cr on insulin resistance and related variables. Cr is a nutrient and not a therapeutic agent and therefore will only be of benefit to those whose problems are due to suboptimal intake of Cr. C1 ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 307,Room 224,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 54 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-4224 J9 NUTR RES REV JI Nutr. Res. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1079/NRR200366 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 761AG UT WOS:000187875700010 PM 19087394 ER PT J AU Elosua, R Demissie, S Cupples, LA Meigs, JB Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Elosua, R Demissie, S Cupples, LA Meigs, JB Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Corella, D Ordovas, JM TI Obesity modulates the association among APOE genotype, insulin, and glucose in men SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE APOE genotype; insulin; glucose; interaction ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; BIETHNIC POPULATION; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; E PHENOTYPE; E ALLELES; RESISTANCE AB Objective: Obesity, insulin resistance, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype have all been associated with coronary heart disease. We examined the interaction between obesity and APOE genotype in, determining fasting insulin and glucose levels. Research Methods and Procedures: From 1991 to 1995, 3799 subjects underwent a clinical examination and fasting insulin and glucose measurement. APOE genotypes were determined on 3500 participants. Participants taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin preparations or with the rare APOE2/4 genotype were excluded. Finally, 2929 individuals were included in the present analysis. Results: In men, we observed a statistically significant interaction between obesity and APOE genotype on insulin and glucose level (p = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively). Obese men with the APOE4 genotype presented with higher levels of insulin and glucose than obese men in the other genotype groups. No association between genotype and insulin or glucose in nonobese men was observed. Obesity was associated with higher insulin levels in the three APOE genotypes groups, whereas obesity was directly associated with glucose in those with the APOE4 genotype. In women, effect of interaction between APOE genotype and obesity on fasting insulin and glucose was not statistically significant. Obesity was associated with higher levels of fasting insulin and glucose. APOE genotype was not associated with insulin or glucose. Discussion: Obesity modulates the association between the APOE genotype and fasting insulin and glucose levels in men. Although weight control is important in all people, it may be especially important in APOE4 men to modify potentially elevated fasting insulin and glucose levels. C1 Tufts Univ, JMUSDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JMUSDA HNRCA, Lipid Metabol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JMUSDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI ELOSUA, ROBERTO/0000-0001-8235-0095; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; PHS HHS [1-38038] NR 36 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1502 EP 1508 DI 10.1038/oby.2003.201 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 759FF UT WOS:000187727100010 PM 14694215 ER PT J AU White, RJ Blackwell, BF AF White, RJ Blackwell, BF TI Ineffectiveness of sulfur-based odors as nesting deterrents against European starlings SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REPELLENCY; AVOIDANCE; DEER AB Sulfurous volatiles have been shown to elicit avoidance behavior by snow geese (Chen caerulescens Linnaeus), possibly because of their association with potentially toxic levels of selenium in some plant species. We questioned whether an avoidance response to sulfur and sulfur-based products might be exhibited by other avian species, specifically European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) and whether the behavior might extend beyond the feeding context (that is, negatively affecting nesting). The European starling is an omnivorous species with a well-developed olfactory capability and can distinguish between plant volatiles when selecting nest material and, therefore, could possibly detect the presence of sulfur. Our objectives were to evaluate Deer Away((R)) Big Game Repellent (BGR, composed of decaying putrescent whole egg solids) and powdered sulfur (99.98% pure) as nesting deterrents against European starlings. We distributed 3 treatments (including control) in a randomized design among 100 nest boxes attached to utility poles in Northern Ohio. Starlings nested in 81% of the nest boxes and other species in 11%, while 8% of the boxes were not occupied. There was no difference among groups in the proportion of boxes occupied by starlings. However, we found an absolute difference in measures of nesting activity across treatments that favored controls. Particularly, the lag in the mean (SD not included because of non-normal data) Julian date for the appearance of the first egg (control: 134, BGR: 138, sulfur: 138) in treated boxes might reflect occupation by younger, less experienced starlings. We conclude, however, that BGR and sulfur are not effective nesting deterrents against starlings, although they might be useful in enhancing other deterrents. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP White, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 103 IS 5 BP 126 EP 128 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 773DZ UT WOS:000188883600002 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL Thallman, RM Casas, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Smith, TPL Thallman, RM Casas, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI Theory and application of genome-based approaches to improve-the quality and value of beef SO OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Genomics and Genetic Engineering for the Meat Industry CY OCT 09-10, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE genomics; genetic markers; meat quality; cattle ID LOCI AFFECTING GROWTH; SHEAR FORCE VALUES; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; CARCASS TRAITS; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; MEAT TENDERNESS; BOVINE GENOME; CYCLE-IV; CATTLE; MYOSTATIN AB The science of genome research in livestock has been the focus of substantial worldwide efforts over the last decade, resulting in the development of a genetic map for cattle and its use to identify chromosomal segments carrying genes affecting production traits. Variations in individual genes having a major impact on phenotypes in cattle, such as alleles causing double-muscling and black/red coat colour, have been identified in the process, but the majority of the loci remain unknown except for their approximate position in the cattle genome and the relative impact of variation on the trait. Approaches to fulfil the promise of-genome research, resulting in DNA-based tests of genetic merit for important production traits, have been slow to develop. In this article, the authors review the theory of genome-based approaches and potential avenues of application. Application to meat quality and value is specifically discussed, but the general principles are similar for production traits such as reproduction and animal health. A substantial amount of the discussion centres on describing practical limitations on the use of genomic data and the currently available avenues for application, aspects that have previously received inadequate attention. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18-D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM smith@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU I P PUBLISHING LTD PI LONDON PA COLERIDGE HOUSE, 4-5 COLERIDGE GARDENS, LONDON NW6 3QH, ENGLAND SN 0030-7270 J9 OUTLOOK AGR JI Outlook Agric. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 253 EP 265 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 761UD UT WOS:000187933100008 ER PT J AU Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L AF Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L TI How do UV photomorphogenic responses confer water stress tolerance? SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Congress on Photobiology CY JUL, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; ETIOLATING TOMATO SEEDLINGS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION; STOMATAL DENSITY; HIGHER-PLANTS; CROP PLANTS; GROWTH; LIGHT AB Although ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is potentially harmful, it is an important component of terrestrial radiation to which plants have been exposed since invading land. Since then, plants have evolved mechanisms to avoid and repair UV radiation damage; therefore, it is not surprising that photomorphogenic responses to UV-B are often assumed to be adaptations to harmful radiation. This presupposes that the function of the observed responses is to prevent UV damage. It has been hypothesized that, as with blue light, UV-B provides a signal important for normal plant development and might be perceived within developing plants through nondestructive processes, perhaps through UV-specific signal perception mechanisms. UV signal perception can lead to photomorphogenic responses that may confer adaptive advantages under conditions associated with high-light environments, such as water stress. Plant responses to UV radiation in this regard include changes in leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal density, photosynthetic pigment production and altered stem elongation and branching patterns. Such responses may lead to altered transpiration rates and water-use efficiencies. For example, we found that the cumulative effect of ambient UV-B radiation upon stomatal density and conductance can lead to altered water-use efficiencies. In field settings, UV might more properly be viewed as a photomorphogenic signal than as a stressor. Hence, it might be insufficient to attempt to fully evaluate the adaptive roles of plant responses to UV-B cues upon stress tolerance by the simultaneous application of UV and drought stress during development. We propose that rather than examining a plant's response to combinations of stressors one might also examine how a plant's response to UV induces tolerance to subsequently applied stresses. C1 ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gitz, DC (reprint author), ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Bldg 001,Room 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dgitz@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 78 IS 6 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0529:HDUPRC>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 761WA UT WOS:000187937400001 PM 14743860 ER PT J AU Clarke, S Burnett, K AF Clarke, S Burnett, K TI Comparison of digital elevation models for aquatic data development SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY; RESOLUTION; DEMS; REPRESENTATION; 7.5-MINUTE; NETWORKS; SLOPE; GIS AB Thirty-meter digital elevation models (DEMs) produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are widely available and commonly used in analyzing aquatic systems. However, these DEMs are of relatively coarse resolution, were inconsistently produced (i.e.; Level 1 versus Level 2 DEMs), and lack drainage enforcement. Such issues may hamper efforts to accurately model streams, delineate hydrologic units (HUs), and classify slope. Thus,. the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) compared streams, HUs, and slope classes genera erated from sample 10-meter drain age-enforced (DE) DEMs and 30-meter DEMs. We found that (1) drainage enforcement improved the spatial accuracy of streams and HU boundaries more than did increasing resolution from 30 meters to 10 meters, particularly in flatter terrain; (2) streams and HU boundaries were generally more accurate when delineated with Level 2 than with Level 1 30-meter DEMs; and (3) the 10-meter DE-DEMs better represented both higher and lower slope classes. These findings prompted us to have 10-meter DE-DEMs produced for the Coast Range Province of Oregon, increased confidence in CLAMs outputs from the 10-meter DE-DEMs, and should benefit others interested in using DEMs far aquatic analyses. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clarke, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Sharon.Clarke@oregonstate.edu; kmburnett@fs.fed.us RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1367 EP 1375 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 817RL UT WOS:000221194500007 ER PT J AU Wade, TG Wickham, JD Nash, MS Neale, AC Riitters, KH Jones, KB AF Wade, TG Wickham, JD Nash, MS Neale, AC Riitters, KH Jones, KB TI A comparison of vector and raster GIS methods for calculating landscape metrics used in environmental assessments SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; HABITAT EFFECTIVENESS; RIPARIAN FOREST; COVER; CONVERSION; NUTRIENT; QUALITY; ERROR AB GIS-based measurements that combine native raster and native vector data ore commonly used in environmental assessments. Most of these measurements can be calculated using either raster or vector data formats and processing methods. Raster processes are more commonly used because they can be significantly faster computationally than vector, but error is introduced in converting vector data to raster. This conversion error has been widely studied and quantified, but the impact on environmental assessment results has not been investigated. We examined four Gis-based measurements commonly used in environmental assessments for approximately 1000 watersheds in the state of Maryland and Washington, D.C. Each metric was calculated using vector and raster methods, and estimated values were compared using a paired t-test, Spearman rank correlation, and cluster analyses. Paired t-tests were used to determine the statistical significance of quantitative differences between methods, and Spearman rank correlation and cluster analyses were used to evaluate the impact of the differences on environmental assessments. Paired t-test results indicated significant quantitative differences between methods for three of the four metrics. However, Spearman ranks and cluster analyses indicated that the quantitative differences would not affect environmental assessment results. Spearman rank correlations between vector and raster values were greater than 0.98 for all comparisons. Cluster analyses resulted in identical assignment for 88 percent to over 98 percent of watersheds analyzed among vector and various raster methods. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, TG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.timothy@epa.gov; wickbam.james@epa.gov; nash.inaliha@epa.gov; neale.anne@epa.gov; kriitters@fs.fed.us; jones.bruce@epa.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1399 EP 1405 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 817RL UT WOS:000221194500010 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, ME Bassett, CL Artlip, TS Webb, RP Janisiewicz, WJ Norelli, JL Goldway, M Droby, S AF Wisniewski, ME Bassett, CL Artlip, TS Webb, RP Janisiewicz, WJ Norelli, JL Goldway, M Droby, S TI Characterization of a defensin in bark and fruit tissues of peach and antimicrobial activity of a recombinant defensin in the yeast, Pichia pastoris SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID PERSICA L BATSCH; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; PLANT DEFENSINS; PRUNUS-PERSICA; COLD-ACCLIMATION; CANDIDA-SAITOANA; EVERGREEN PEACH; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS AB Herein the cloning and characterization of a defensin gene (PpDfn1) from a cDNA library made from peach (Prunus persica[L.] Batsch) winter bark tissues is described. A partial clone obtained from the library was extended to full length by 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). The open reading frame of 237 bp codes for a 79 amino acid peptide related to the defensin family of proteins. Sequence comparison of the encoded protein using BLAST analysis revealed significant homology to defensins from other plant species. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that the gene is seasonally expressed in bark tissues of 1-year-old shoots, and is also expressed in early fruit development. Results of quantitative RT-PCR and protein blot analysis were similar to those of RNA gel blot analyses for the bark tissues. A recombinant version, rDFN1 was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. It was found that rDFN1 inhibited germination of the fungal pathogens Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, but not the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora. The potential physiological role of PpDFN1 and its antimicrobial properties are discussed. C1 ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. MIGAL Galilee Technol Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, IL-12100 Rosh Pinna, Israel. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Wisniewski, ME (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 119 IS 4 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1046/j.1399-3054.2003.00204.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742RM UT WOS:000186531900013 ER PT J AU Borges, M Colazza, S Ramirez-Lucas, P Chauhan, KR Moraes, MCB Aldrich, JR AF Borges, M Colazza, S Ramirez-Lucas, P Chauhan, KR Moraes, MCB Aldrich, JR TI Kairomonal effect of walking traces from Euschistus heros (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) on two strains of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; biological control; cold tolerance; cuticular hydrocarbons; egg parasitoid; kairomone; neotropical brown stink bug ID PARASITOID TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; BEHAVIOR; HOST; DISCRIMINATION; RECOGNITION AB The semiochemical cues used by geographically isolated strains of the parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (Ashmed), to find eggs of the stink bug Euschistus heros were investigated. Two strains of Te. podisi, maintained on eggs of a South American host (E. heros) were studied. One parasitoid strain originated from specimens collected near Brasilia, Brazil (SA strain), and a second strain originated from specimens collected at Beltsville, Maryland (NA strain). Cold tolerance tests of adults from the NA and SA Te. podisi strains, analyses of the cuticular hydrocarbons between the two strains, and crossing experiments between strains each indicated consistent differences between the NA and SA strains. Subsequent experiments using E. heros showed that SA Te. podisi females specifically recognize traces left on the substrate by walking E. heros females and then search intensively the area of the 'footprints', apparently looking for an egg mass to parasitize. By contrast, Te. podisi females of the NA strain are incapable of recognizing the footprints of E. heros females despite the fact that these parasitoids were reared from eggs of E. heros. The possibility that the two strains are actually different species is discussed. C1 EMBRAPA Genet Resources & Biotechnol, SAIN, Parque Estacao Biol, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Palermo, SEnFiMiZo Dept, Sect Entomol Acarol & Zool, Palermo, Italy. RP Borges, M (reprint author), EMBRAPA Genet Resources & Biotechnol, SAIN, Parque Estacao Biol, Cx Postal 02372, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RI Colazza, Stefano/I-3988-2012; Blassioli-Moraes, Maria carolina /C-6072-2013; Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013; OI Blassioli-Moraes, Maria carolina /0000-0001-7569-9985; colazza, stefano/0000-0001-8023-7814 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2003.00350.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 753XL UT WOS:000187256800015 ER PT J AU Dallot, S Gottwald, T Labonne, G Quiot, JB AF Dallot, S Gottwald, T Labonne, G Quiot, JB TI Spatial pattern analysis of sharka disease (Plum pox virus strain M) in peach orchards of southern France SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; spatial statistic ID CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; BETA-BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; SOUR CHERRY STRAIN; TOXOPTERA-CITRICIDA; EASTERN SPAIN; COUNT DATA; SPREAD; POTYVIRUS; APHID; POPULATION AB The spatial pattern of Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) strain M, was investigated in 18 peach plots located in two areas of southern France. PPV infections were monitored visually for each individual tree during one to three consecutive years. Point pattern and correlation-type approaches were undertaken using the binary data directly or after parsing them in contiguous quadrats of 4, 9, and 16 trees. Ordinary runs generally revealed a low but variable proportion of rows with adjacent symptomatic trees. Aggregation of disease incidence was indicated by the theta parameter of the beta-binomial distribution and related indices in 15 of the 18 plots tested for at least one assessment date of each. When aggregation was detected, it was indicated at all quadrat sizes and tended to be a function of disease incidence, as shown by the binary form of Taylor's power law. Spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) showed a nonrandom arrangement of quadrats with infected trees in 14 plots. The detection of patch clusters enclosing quadrats with above-average density of symptomatic trees, ellipsoidal in shape and generally extending from 4 to 14 trees within rows and from 4 to 10 trees perpendicular to the rows, could be interpreted as local areas of influence of PPV spread. Spatial patterns at the plot scale were often characterized by the occurrence of several clusters of infected trees located up to 90 m apart in the direction of the rows. When several time assessments were available, increasing clustering over time was generally evidenced by stronger values of the clustering index and by increasing patch cluster size. The combination of the different approaches revealed a wide range of spatial patterns of PPV-M, from no aggregation to high aggregation of symptomatic trees at all spatial scales investigated. Such patterns suggested that aphid transmission to neighboring trees occurred frequently but was not systematic. The mechanism of primary virus introduction, the age and structure of the orchards when infected, and the diversity of vector species probably had a strong influence on the secondary spread of the disease. This study provides a more complete understanding of PPV-M patterns which could help to improve targeting of removal of PPV-infected trees for more effective disease control. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, UMR BGPI, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. RP Dallot, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1543 EP 1552 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.12.1543 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 747EC UT WOS:000186791400010 PM 18943618 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, RG TI An excised-leaf inoculation technique for evaluating host-pathogen interactions and quantitative resistance of bermudagrass genotypes to dematiaceous hyphomycetes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POA-PRATENSIS; SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM; DRECHSLERA-SOROKINIANA; DISEASES AB Excised leaves of bermudagrass were inoculated with mycelium of isolates of Bipolaris, Exserohilum, Curvularia, and Drechslera spp. in water agar plates to evaluate differences in susceptibility of leaf tissue, virulence of pathogens, and quantitative resistance of bermudagrass genotypes. Isolates of nine species of pathogens induced similar symptoms of light- to dark-brown necrosis and bordering chlorosis in excised leaves that were not distinct for individual species or genera. Severity of symptoms induced by most isolates increased progressively from younger to older leaves. Within and across leaf positions, numerous significant differences in virulence of isolates within fungal species and between species were observed. Among 40 randomly selected bermudagrass genotypes, a continuous quantitative gradient was observed for mean scores of disease severity in excised leaves inoculated with E. rostratum. Numerous significant differences were observed within this gradient, and severity of symptoms in the most susceptible genotypes was approximately double that in the most resistant. When intact foliage of genotypes from the resistant and susceptible extremes of the gradient was inoculated with spores of E. rostratum, corresponding differences in severity of symptoms and significant (P = 0.05) correlations between results with excised leaves and intact foliage were observed. However, the range of differences in disease severity between genotypes was more narrow in intact foliage than in excised leaves. Results indicate that the excised leaf inoculation technique can be used to evaluate the relative resistance of bermudagrass genotypes to E. rostratum for use in programs to breed for quantitative host resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1565 EP 1571 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.12.1565 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 747EC UT WOS:000186791400013 PM 18943621 ER PT J AU Mahaffee, WF Turechek, WW Ocamb, CM AF Mahaffee, WF Turechek, WW Ocamb, CM TI Effect of variable temperature on infection severity of Podosphaera macularis on hops SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Humulus lupulus; Sphaerotheca humuli; Sphaerotheca macularis ID POWDERY MILDEW; SPHAEROTHECA MACULARIS; UNCINULA-NECATOR; LATENT PERIODS; INCUBATION; PANNOSA AB The effect of variable temperature on the infection severity of Podosphaera macularis was investigated. Potted 'Symphony' hop plants were inoculated and exposed to different temperature regimes that included supraconducive temperatures (30 to 42degreesC) for varying periods of time (2 to 9 h). Infection severity (lesions per cm(2) of leaf area) was calculated 7 to 10 days after inoculation. Immediately exposing inoculated plants to 30degreesC for as little as 2 h significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduced infection severity compared with exposure at a constant 18degreesC. However, exposure of inoculated plants to optimal conditions for 24 or 48 h prior to exposure to supraconducive conditions reduced this effect for plants exposed to 30, 33. or 36degreesC. Exposure to 39 or 42degreesC for 2 or more hours resulted in infection frequencies not significantly different from that of the uninoculated control regardless of prior exposure to favorable conditions. Exposure to simulated field temperatures programmed into growth chambers indicated that inoculation at 1700 or 2100 h resulted in significantly more disease than did inoculation at 0900 or 1300 h. Plants exposed to supraconducive or simulated field temperatures for 7 days prior to inoculation developed significantly lower disease severity than did plants maintained at 18degreesC for 7 days. The magnitude, length, and time of exposure to supraconducive temperatures in relation to time of inoculation plays an important role in the development of hop powdery mildew, and rules addressing these variables could be a useful addition to disease risk assessment models. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Barton Lab, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mahaffee, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1587 EP 1592 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.12.1587 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 747EC UT WOS:000186791400016 PM 18943624 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Kang, IH Gallo-Meagher, M Vu, JCV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Bowes, G AF Gesch, RW Kang, IH Gallo-Meagher, M Vu, JCV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Bowes, G TI Rubisco expression in rice leaves is related to genotypic variation of photosynthesis under elevated growth CO2 and temperature SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; carbon assimilation; carbon dioxide; gene expression; heat-stress; photo-inhibition; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ID RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; LIGHT-INTENSITY; PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; PHOTOINHIBITION AB Genetic modifications of agronomic crops will likely be necessary to cope with global climate change. This study tested the hypotheses that genotypic differences in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaf photosynthesis at elevated [CO2] and temperature are related to protein and gene expression of Rubisco, and that high growth temperatures under elevated [CO2] negatively affect photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency. Two rice cultivars representing an indica (cv. IR72) and japonica type (cv. M103) were grown in 350 (ambient) and 700 (elevated) mumol CO2 mol(-1) at 28/18, 34/24 and 40/30degreesC sinusoidal maximum/minimum, day/night temperatures in outdoor, sunlit, environment-controlled chambers. Leaf photosynthesis of IR72 favoured higher growth temperatures more than M103. Rubisco total activity and protein content were negatively affected in both genotypes by high temperatures and elevated CO2. However, at moderate to high growth temperatures, IR72 leaves averaged 71 and 39% more rbcS transcripts than M103 under ambient and elevated CO2, respectively, and likewise had greater Rubisco activity and protein content. Expression of psbA (D1 protein of PSII) in IR72 leaves increased with temperature, whereas it remained constant for M103, except for a 20% decline at 40/30degreesC under elevated CO2. Even at the highest growth temperatures, PSII photochemical efficiency was not impaired in either genotype grown under either ambient or elevated CO2. Genotypic differences exist in rice for carboxylation responses to elevated CO2 and high temperatures, which may be useful in developing genotypes suited to cope with global climate changes. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 45 TC 19 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1941 EP 1950 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01110.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 750CN UT WOS:000186973900002 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Tesfaye, M AF Samac, DA Tesfaye, M TI Plant improvement for tolerance to aluminum in acid soils - a review SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Review DE acid soil; aluminum toxicity; cell culture; DNA markers; genetic modification; organic acids; roots ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; INDUCED GROWTH-INHIBITION; CULTURE DERIVED SORGHUM; SOYBEAN PI 416937; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ON-AGAR METHOD; ZEA-MAYS L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ORGANIC-ACIDS; WHEAT ROOTS AB Development of acid soils that limit crop production is an increasing problem worldwide. Many factors contribute to phytotoxicity of these soils, however, in acid soils with a high mineral content, aluminum (Al) is the major cause of toxicity. The target of Al toxicity is the root tip, in which Al exposure causes inhibition of cell elongation and cell division, leading to root stunting accompanied by reduced water and nutrient uptake. Natural variation for Al tolerance has been identified in many crop species and in some crops tolerance to Al has been introduced into productive, well-adapted varieties. Aluminum tolerance appears to be a complex multigenic trait. Selection methodology remains a limiting factor in variety development as all methods have particular drawbacks. Molecular markers have been associated with Al tolerance genes or quantitative trait loci in Arabidopsis and in several crops, which should facilitate development of additional tolerant varieties. A variety of genes have been identified that are induced or repressed upon Al exposure. Most induced genes characterized so far are not specific to Al exposure but are also induced by other stress conditions. Ectopic over-expression of some of these genes has resulted in enhanced Al tolerance. Additionally, expression of genes involved in organic acid synthesis has resulted in enhanced production of organic acids and an associated increase in Al tolerance. This review summarizes the three main approaches that have been taken to develop crops with Al tolerance: recurrent selection and breeding, development of Al tolerant somaclonal variants and ectopic expression of transgenes to reduce Al uptake or limit damage to cells by Al. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,495 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu NR 144 TC 77 Z9 100 U1 9 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 EI 1573-5044 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 75 IS 3 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1023/A:1025843829545 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 724NX UT WOS:000185494600001 ER PT J AU Cao, XL Fordham, I Douglass, L Hammerschlag, F AF Cao, XL Fordham, I Douglass, L Hammerschlag, F TI Sucrose level influences micropropagation and gene delivery into leaves from in vitro propagated highbush blueberry shoots SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ericaceae; genetic engineering; GUS expression; micropropagation; Vaccinium corymbosum ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; LEAF EXPLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; ORGANOGENESIS; CULTURES; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REQUIREMENTS AB In an effort to increase in vitro blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) shoot production without negatively impacting subsequent genetic engineering experiments, studies were conducted to examine the effects of sucrose concentration in the propagation medium on shoot proliferation and on the transfer of an intron-containing beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene into leaf explants from the propagated shoots. Numbers of axillary shoots >0.5 cm in length did not significantly increase for 'Bluecrop' when sucrose levels were increased from 15 mM to either 29, 44 or 58 mM. The number of axillary shoots increased significantly for 'Duke' and 'Georgiagem' when sucrose concentrations were increased from 15 to 44 mM, and from 15 to 58 mM, respectively. Four-days of cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 yielded highest GUS-expressing leaf zones on leaf explants from shoots cultured on either 15 or 29 mM sucrose. The number of GUS-expressing leaf zones was significantly lower on leaf explants derived from shoots grown on 58 mM sucrose than from those grown on 15 mM sucrose for all three cultivars, and was significantly lower on 44 mM compared to 15 mM for cultivars Duke and Georgiagem. These studies indicate shoot pretreatment conditions for optimizing subsequent blueberry genetic engineering experiments. Thus, a blueberry shoot proliferation medium containing 15-29 mM sucrose is recommended for explants later used for genetic transformation. C1 ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Anim & Avian Sci Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hammerschlag, F (reprint author), ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 75 IS 3 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1023/A:1025856404937 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 724NX UT WOS:000185494600008 ER PT J AU Gale, LR Katan, T Kistler, HC AF Gale, LR Katan, T Kistler, HC TI The probable center of origin of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici VCG 0033 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; 3RD RACE; TOMATO; WILT; FLORIDA; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Isolates of the tomato wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, predominantly from commercial tomato fields in Florida and southwestern Georgia, were characterized using vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG), nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and virulence. All field isolates that could be grouped into VCG belonged to VCG 0033. This VCG was first described by Marlatt et al. in 1996 for isolates from northern Florida, Arkansas, and North Carolina. This study demonstrates that VCG 0033 is also widespread in central and southern Florida, in addition to southwestern Georgia, and also was found to be present in Puerto Rico. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses of 121 isolates indicated that molecular diversity among VCG 0033 isolates was by far the highest in Manatee County, FL, suggesting it to be the probable center of origin of this relatively newly described VCG. Virulence tests with a subset of isolates identified all VCG 0033 isolates as race 3, although differences in aggressiveness were observed among tested isolates, independent of resistance genes in the differential cultivars. The widespread VCG 0030 of E oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was not present in our field collections. This was unexpected, as strains from Florida isolated prior to 1990 were predominantly VCG 0030. This would suggest that VCG 0033 has replaced VCG 0030 in recent years in commercial tomato fields of Florida and southwestern Georgia. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gale, LR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1433 EP 1438 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1433 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600006 ER PT J AU Kull, LS Vuong, TD Powers, KS Eskridge, KM Steadman, JR Hartman, GL AF Kull, LS Vuong, TD Powers, KS Eskridge, KM Steadman, JR Hartman, GL TI Evaluation of resistance screening methods for Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean and dry bean SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE germ plasm screening; isolate variability; multiple data analysis; white mold ID IN-FIELD; CULTIVARS; POPULATIONS AB Three methods to identify levels of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean (Glycine max) and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were compared using multiple data analyses. The three methods were mycelial plug inoculations of cotyledons, cut stems, and detached leaves. Six S. sclerotiorum isolates of known relative aggressiveness were inoculated on each of three soybean and dry bean cultivars with varied response to S. sclerotiorum. For soybean, all three inoculation methods accurately identified isolate aggressiveness irrespective of cultivar, but identification of susceptible and partially resistant soybean cultivars was influenced by isolate. For dry bean, the cotyledon and cut stem methods accurately identified isolate aggressiveness, but identification of susceptible and partially resistant dry bean cultivars was influenced by isolate and inoculation method. The cut stem method had the smallest coefficient of variation and was more precise for detecting interactions. When considering root mean square residual error combined over species and experiments, coefficient of variation based on residual error, significance of isolate-by-cultivar interaction from ANOVA, rank correlation between pairs of methods, and sensitivity ratio for the three resistance screening methods under controlled environmental conditions, the cut stem method was statistically better than the cotyledon and detached leaf methods for evaluating resistance in soybean and dry bean cultivars. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1471 EP 1476 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1471 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600011 ER PT J AU Temel, F Stone, JK Johnson, GR AF Temel, F Stone, JK Johnson, GR TI First report of Swiss needle cast caused by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii on Douglas-fir in Turkey. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID PLANTATIONS C1 Kafkas Univ, Artvin Fac Forestry, TR-08000 Artvin, Turkey. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Temel, F (reprint author), Kafkas Univ, Artvin Fac Forestry, TR-08000 Artvin, Turkey. RI Temel, Fatih/J-4143-2016 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1536 EP 1536 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1536B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600021 ER PT J AU Jan, FJ Chen, CC Hsu, HT AF Jan, FJ Chen, CC Hsu, HT TI Identification of Tomato mosaic virus infection in Lisianthus in Taiwan. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Taichung District, Agr Improvement Stn, Changhua 515, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jan, FJ (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1537 EP 1537 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1537A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600023 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Sears, JL Bandla, M Harness, AM Kulemeka, B AF Liu, HY Sears, JL Bandla, M Harness, AM Kulemeka, B TI First report of Calibrachoa mottle virus infecting petunia. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1538 EP 1538 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1538A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600026 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Ko, WF Lin, CY Jan, FJ Hsu, HT AF Chen, CC Ko, WF Lin, CY Jan, FJ Hsu, HT TI First report of Carnation mottle virus in Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.). SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Taichung District Agr Improvement Stn, Changhua 515, Taiwan. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, CC (reprint author), Taichung District Agr Improvement Stn, Changhua 515, Taiwan. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1539 EP 1539 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1539C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600031 ER PT J AU Tunali, B Eskandari, FM Berner, DK Farr, DF Castlebury, LA AF Tunali, B Eskandari, FM Berner, DK Farr, DF Castlebury, LA TI First report of leaf blight caused by Phoma exigua on Acroptilon repens in Turkey. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Plant Protect Cent Res Inst, TR-06172 Ankara, Turkey. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tunali, B (reprint author), Plant Protect Cent Res Inst, POB 49, TR-06172 Ankara, Turkey. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1540 EP 1540 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1540C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745WA UT WOS:000186712600034 ER PT J AU Milla, MAR Maurer, A Huete, AR Gustafson, JP AF Milla, MAR Maurer, A Huete, AR Gustafson, JP TI Glutathione peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis are ubiquitous and regulated by abiotic stresses through diverse signaling pathways SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; glutathione peroxidase; gene expression; abiotic stress; hormones; promoter ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ORYZA-SATIVA; SALT-STRESS; CDNA; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; LOCALIZATION AB Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of GPXs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. A family of seven related proteins named AtGPX1- AtGPX7 in Arabidopsis was identified, and the genomic organization of this family was reported. The putative subcellular localizations of the encoded proteins are the cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for all the genes except AtGPX7 were identified. Expression analysis of AtGPX genes in Arabidopsis tissues was performed, and different patterns were detected. Interestingly, several genes were up-regulated coordinately in response to abiotic stresses. AtGPX6, like human phospholipid hydroperoxide GPX (PHGPX), possibly encodes mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms by alternative initiation. In addition, this gene showed the strongest responses under most abiotic stresses tested. AtGPX6::GUS analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that AtGPX6 is highly expressed throughout development in most tissues, thus supporting an important role for this gene in protection against oxidative damage. The different effects of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin on the expression of the genes indicate that the AtGPX family is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Analysis of the upstream region of the AtGPX genes revealed the presence of multiple conserved motifs, and some of them resembled antioxidant-responsive elements found in plant and human promoters. The potential regulatory role of specific sequences is discussed. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Nutr Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Rodriguez, Miguel/L-7340-2014 OI Rodriguez, Miguel/0000-0002-2640-5888 NR 53 TC 128 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 36 IS 5 BP 602 EP 615 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01901.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742RT UT WOS:000186532400003 ER PT J AU Khanna, R Kikis, EA Quail, PH AF Khanna, R Kikis, EA Quail, PH TI EARLY FLOWERING 4 functions in phytochrome B-regulated seedling de-etiolation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS CIRCADIAN CLOCK; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; NUCLEAR-PROTEIN; ENCODES; LIGHT; GENE; RHYTHMS; TOC1; ENTRAINMENT AB To define the functions of genes previously identified by expression profiling as being rapidly light induced under phytochrome (phy) control, we are investigating the seedling de-etiolation phenotypes of mutants carrying T-DNA insertional disruptions at these loci. Mutants at one such locus displayed reduced responsiveness to continuous red, but not continuous far-red light, suggesting a role in phyB signaling but not phyA signaling. Consistent with such a role, expression of this gene is induced by continuous red light in wild-type seedlings, but the level of induction is strongly reduced in phyB-null mutants. The locus encodes a novel protein that we show localizes to the nucleus, thus suggesting a function in light-regulated gene expression. Recently, this locus was identified as EARLY FLOWERING 4, a gene implicated in floral induction and regulating the expression of the gene CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1. Together with these previous data, our findings suggest that EARLY FLOWERING 4 functions as a signaling intermediate in phy-regulated gene expression involved in promotion of seedling de-etiolation, circadian clock function, and photoperiod perception. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 42 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1530 EP 1538 DI 10.1104/pp.103.030007 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 757BJ UT WOS:000187528700014 PM 14605220 ER PT J AU Hudson, ME Quail, PH AF Hudson, ME Quail, PH TI Identification of promoter motifs involved in the network of phytochrome A-regulated gene expression by combined analysis of genomic sequence and microarray data SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; PLANT PROMOTERS; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; BZIP PROTEIN; WHOLE-GENOME; G-BOX; ARABIDOPSIS; LIGHT; ELEMENT; ENCODES AB Several hundred Arabidopsis genes, transcriptionally regulated by phytochrome A (phyA), were previously identified using an oligonucleotide microarray. We have now identified, in silico, conserved sequence motifs in the promoters of these genes by comparing the promoter sequences to those of all the genes present on the microarray from which they were sampled. This was done using a Perl script (called Sift) that identifies over-represented motifs using an enumerative approach. The utility of Sift was verified by analysis of circadian-regulated promoters known to contain a biologically significant motif. Several elements were then identified in phyA-responsive promoters by their over-representation. Five previously undescribed motifs were detected in the promoters of phyA-induced genes. Four novel motifs were found in phyA-repressed promoters, plus a motif that strongly resembles the DE1 element. The G-box, CACGTG, was a prominent hit in both induced and repressed phyA-responsive promoters. Intriguingly, two distinct flanking consensus sequences were observed adjacent to the G-box core sequence: one predominating in phyA-induced promoters, the other in phyA-repressed promoters. Such different conserved flanking nucleotides around the core motif in these two sets of promoters may indicate that different members of the same family of DNA-binding proteins mediate phyA induction and repression. An increased abundance of G-box sequences was observed in the most rapidly phyA-responsive genes and in the promoters of phyA-regulated transcription factors, indicating that G-box-binding transcription factors are upstream components in a transcriptional cascade that mediates phyA-regulated development. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47475] NR 40 TC 145 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1605 EP 1616 DI 10.1104/pp.103.0303437 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 757BJ UT WOS:000187528700021 PM 14681527 ER PT J AU Li, L Thipyapong, P Breeden, DC Steffens, JC AF Li, L Thipyapong, P Breeden, DC Steffens, JC TI Overexpression of a bacterial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in Arabidopsis results in accumulation of branched-chain acyl-CoAs and alteration of free amino acid composition in seeds SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC); branched-chain acyl-CoAs; multigene construct; transgenic Arabidopsis ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; PLANTS; ACYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSFORMATION; PURIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; CATABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) is a multienzyme complex that plays an important role in branched-chain amino acid catabolism. It occupies a key position in intermediary metabolism and provides metabolic precursors for secondary metabolism. Multigenes encoding abacterial BCKDC were introduced and overexpressed inArabidopsis. The transgenic plants expressed an over seven-fold increase of BCKDC activity than control plants and accumulated significant high levels of branched-chain acyl-CoAs in seeds. Overexpression of the BCKDC also resulted in alternation of free amino acid composition in seeds with enhanced levels of branched-chain amino acids. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Dept Plant Breeding, 252 Emerson Hall,Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1213 EP 1219 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00328-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 745VQ UT WOS:000186711500004 ER PT J AU Baek, KH Skinner, DZ AF Baek, KH Skinner, DZ TI Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression during cold acclimation of near-isogenic wheat lines SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant enzymes; quantitative real-time PCR; cold acclimation; wheat; near-isogenic lines ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREEZING-INJURY; WINTER-WHEAT; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ACTIVATED OXYGEN; TOLERANCE; RESISTANCE; METABOLISM AB Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful to living organisms due to the potential oxidation of membranes, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. Freezing injury has been shown to involve the attack of ROS. Antioxidant enzymes can protect plant cells from oxidative stress imposed by freezing injury; therefore, cold acclimation may involve an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In this study, quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes during cold acclimation in near-isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat, differing in the Vrn1-Fr1 chromosome region that conditions winter versus spring wheat growth habit. The antioxidant genes monitored were mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), chloroplastic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD), iron superoxide dismulase (FeSOD), catalase (CAT), thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (t-APX), cytosolic glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), cytosolic mono-dehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), chloroplastic dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). The expression levels were upregulated (MnSOD, MDAR, t-APX, DHAR, GPX, and GR), downregulated (CAT), or relatively constant (FeSOD and Cu,ZnSOD). The Vrn-Fr1 region seemed to have a role in regulating the expression level of some of the antioxidant enzyme genes because t-APX, CAT and MnSOD expressed to significantly higher levels in the winter wheat NIL than the spring wheat NIL after 4 weeks' cold acclimation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, 210 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 34 TC 94 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1227 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00329-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 745VQ UT WOS:000186711500005 ER PT J AU Farzad, M Griesbach, R Hammond, J Weiss, MR Elmendorf, HG AF Farzad, M Griesbach, R Hammond, J Weiss, MR Elmendorf, HG TI Differential expression of three key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in a color-changing flower, Viola cornuta cv. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin biosynthesis; floral color change; Viola; light; pollination ID CHALCONE SYNTHASE GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PERILLA-FRUTESCENS; PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; SWISS-MODEL; CLONING; POLLINATORS; EVOLUTION; ATTRACTION; PATHWAY AB The natural floral color change in Viola cornuta cv. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (YTT) provides an opportunity to examine the expression of genes along the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in response to known environmental triggers during ontogeny. We have cloned and sequenced gene fragments from three anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). Using quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we have determined that CHS and DFR are highly expressed in Stage I white YTT flowers and undergo only moderate increases in expression (25 and 56%, respectively) during the transition to Stage 11 lavender and Stage III purple flowers. In contrast, ANS is expressed at low levels in Stage I flowers and undergoes a dramatic increase (302%) in expression over ontogeny. Interestingly, expression of all three genes is significantly lower in the absence of two environmental triggers, pollination and light, both of which are necessary for floral color change in V cornuta. Our results demonstrate the presence of at least two regulated steps in V cornuta anthocyanin biosynthesis: an early step influenced by pollination and light induces expression of earlier genes (CHS and DFR) in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and is necessary but insufficient for floral color change, followed by a second step that affects floral color change by inducing expression of later genes (ANS). We have thus identified important environmental cues and developed molecular tools that establish V cornuta as a new model system for the study of the regulation of natural floral color change. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elmendorf, HG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, 348 Reiss Bldg,37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1342 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.08.001 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 745VQ UT WOS:000186711500019 ER PT J AU Collings, DA Harper, JDI Vaughn, KC AF Collings, DA Harper, JDI Vaughn, KC TI The association of peroxisomes with the developing cell plate in dividing onion root cells depends on actin microfilaments and myosin SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE actin microfilaments; Allium; microtubule; cell plate; peroxisome; phragmoplast ID STAMEN HAIR-CELLS; PLANT-CELLS; TIP CELLS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CYTOKINESIS; DIVISION; VISUALIZATION; MITOSIS; MICROTUBULES AB We have investigated changes in the distribution of peroxisomes through the cell cycle in onion (Allium cepa L.) root meristem cells with immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and in leek (Allium porrum L.) epidermal cells with immunofluorescence and peroxisomal-targeted green fluorescent protein. During interphase and mitosis, peroxisomes distribute randomly throughout the cytoplasm, but beginning late in anaphase, they accumulate at the division plane. Initially, peroxisomes occur within the microtubule phragmoplast in two zones on either side of the developing cell plate. However, as the phragmoplast expands outwards to form an annulus, peroxisomes redistribute into a ring immediately inside the location of the microtubules. Peroxisome aggregation depends on actin microfilaments and myosin. Peroxisomes first accumulate in the division plane prior to the formation of the microtubule phragmoplast, and throughout cytokinesis, always co-localise with microfilaments. Microfilament-disrupting drugs (cytochalasin and latrunculin), and a putative inhibitor of myosin (2,3-butanedione monoxime), inhibit aggregation. We propose that aggregated peroxisomes function in the formation of the cell plate, either by regulating hydrogen peroxide production within the developing cell plate, or by their involvement in recycling of excess membranes from secretory vesicles via the beta-oxidation pathway. Differences in aggregation, a phenomenon which occurs in onion, some other monocots and to a lesser extent in tobacco BY-2 suspension cells, but which is not obvious in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., may reflect differences within the primary cell walls of these plants. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Plant Cell Biol Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Agr, Farrer Ctr, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Collings, DA (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Plant Cell Biol Grp, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 218 IS 2 BP 204 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1096-2 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 750EP UT WOS:000186978600005 PM 12937986 ER PT J AU Jang, DA Fadel, JG Klasing, KC Mireles, AJ Ernst, RA Young, KA Cook, A Raboy, V AF Jang, DA Fadel, JG Klasing, KC Mireles, AJ Ernst, RA Young, KA Cook, A Raboy, V TI Evaluation of low-phytate corn and barley on broiler chick performance SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chick; low-phytate barley; low-phytate corn; phosphorus; phytic acid ID AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS CORN; PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; SUPPLEMENTAL PHYTASE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; BONE MINERALIZATION; RESPONSE CRITERIA; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; FEED INGREDIENTS; LAYING HENS; CALCIUM AB Grains produced by low-phytate barley and corn isolines homozygous for each species' respective low phytic acid 1-1 allele were compared to grain produced by near-isogenic normal or wild-type barley and corn in broiler chick feeds. Cobb x Cobb (384) chicks were used in a 10-d study. A randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 x 3 was used with 4 replicates (8 chicks/replicate) per treatment. Twelve isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatment diets were formulated to contain 2 types of grain (barley and corn), 2 levels of grain (40% and 60%), and 3 sources of available P (wild-type grain, wild-type P-supplemented grain, and low-phytate grain). Growth parameters, bone parameters, total bone mineral, and apparent digestibilities were measured. The mean growth and bone responses were 1) higher for barley diets compared to corn diets, 2) higher for 60% grain inclusion compared to 40%, 3) higher for low-phytate compared to wild-type grains, and 4) not different for low-phytate compared to P-supplemented wild-type grain diets. Chicks fed low-phytate-based diets excreted 33 and 43% less P than chicks fed wild-type and P-supplemented wild-type diets, respectively. Correlations between percentage bone ash, total bone ash, and bone strength indicated a strong relationship and appear to support the use of bone strength analysis as a simpler method than ash content determination as an indication of P status. Feeding low-phytate grains will reduce the need for supplemental P in chick diets. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Fadel, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1914 EP 1924 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 754DL UT WOS:000187287400011 PM 14717549 ER PT J AU Carew, LB McMurtry, JP Alster, FA AF Carew, LB McMurtry, JP Alster, FA TI Effects of methionine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler chick; insulin-like growth factor; liver weight; methionine deficiency; thyroid hormone ID ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; YOUNG CHICKENS; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; ENERGY UTILIZATION; SOMATOMEDIN-C; METABOLISM AB We showed previously that Met deficiency at 0.25% of the diet causes elevations in plasma triiodothyronine (T-3) in broilers. In the present study, plasma levels of thyroid hormones as well as insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II were measured in chicks fed 3 deficient levels of total Met. Control (0.5%) and Met-deficient diets (0.4, 0.3, and 0.2%) were fed to male broilers from 8 to 22 d of age. Additional groups of control chicks were pair-fed with the Met-deficient ones. Chicks receiving 0.4% Met increased feed intake by 10% with no significant change, in body weight. The more severe Met deficiencies of 0.3 and 0.2% caused graded reductions in feed intake and weight gain. However, corresponding pair-fed control chicks were significantly heavier. These changes suggest more marked alterations in metabolic processes with 0.3 and 0.2% Met than with 0.4% Met. Liver weights were heavier in chicks fed 0.3 and 0.2% Met but not 0.4%. Plasma T-3 was higher in all deficient chicks compared with the free-fed control, which was significant only with 0.3% Met. However, with 0.3 and 0.2% Met, plasma T-3 was significantly elevated compared to pair-fed controls. Plasma thyroxine (T-4) was lower in all deficient groups, which was significant only with 0.2% Met, whereas no significant differences occurred between deficient chicks and their pair-fed controls. Plasma IGF-I levels were not significantly different, but they were consistently lower in deficient chicks and deserve further study. Plasma IGF-II was significantly less in chicks fed 0.2% Met compared to pair-fed controls suggesting that Met deficiency interferes with IGF-II metabolism. We concluded that a deficit of dietary Met altered plasma T-3 and IGF-II levels, but the effect was dependent on the degree of deficiency. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carew, LB (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1932 EP 1938 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 754DL UT WOS:000187287400013 PM 14717551 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Buhr, RJ Reimer, NA Philips, RW Harrison, MA AF Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Buhr, RJ Reimer, NA Philips, RW Harrison, MA TI Presence of Campylobacter in the respiratory tract of broiler carcasses before and after commercial scalding SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air sac; broiler; Campylobacter; respiratory tract; scalding ID JEJUNI; CONTAMINATION; RECOVERY; LEVEL AB Campylobacter could be detected in the thoraco-abdominal cavity of broiler carcasses even if they were carefully eviscerated by hand with no evidence of intestinal rupture or leakage. If Campylobacter is present in the air sacs, which are unavoidably torn during evisceration, it could contaminate the thoraco-abdominal cavity of the eviscerated carcass. This study was done to determine if Campylobacter contamination is present in the respiratory tract of broilers prior to evisceration. Whole carcass rinses and respiratory tract washes were done on broiler carcasses collected at a commercial processing plant just before and just after scalding. Samples were cultured for presence and numbers of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria. Campylobacter isolates were subtyped by sequencing the short variable region of the flaA gene. The same subtypes of Campylobacter were detected in whole carcass rinse samples as in respiratory tract wash samples from individual broilers. Furthermore, the same numbers and subtypes of Campylobacter were recovered from respiratory tracts of carcasses collected before scalding and those collected after scalding. However, respiratory tracts of carcasses after scalding had higher numbers of E. coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria than those tested before scalding. Although some bacterial counts were higher in the respiratory tracts of carcasses after scalding, Campylobacter counts were not. It appears that Campylobacter is present in the respiratory tracts of broilers as they enter processing, and contamination may be due to airborne bacteria during production or transport. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1995 EP 1999 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 754DL UT WOS:000187287400022 PM 14717560 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Dickens, JA Wilson, JL AF Buhr, RJ Dickens, JA Wilson, JL TI Filling and emptying of the alimentary tract of meal-fed broiler breeder hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler breeder; crop; intestine; meal feeding; proventriculus and gizzard ID FEED WITHDRAWAL; MANUAL EVISCERATION; EXTRACTION LOAD; CROP REMOVAL; CHICKENS; SALMONELLA; AGE AB For evaluation of the filling and emptying of the alimentary tract, broiler breeder hens were cooped and processed over a 2-d period. Hens were fed at 0600 h on d 1 and after access to feed for 0, 2, 4, and 6 h were placed into coops. Half of the hens from each pen were either immediately processed or were held in coops overnight and processed the following morning, d 2. The alimentary tract was excised from the carcass and then separated and weighed in three segments: the crop, proventriculus and gizzard, and intestines. Hens processed on d 1, after access to feed for only 2 h, had attained maximum intestine weight (176 g), but not until after access to feed for 6 h were peak crop weight (95 g) and peak weight for the proventriculus and gizzard (78 g) attained. Hens processed on d 2 did not differ in crop (12 to 14 g) or intestine (140 to 162 g) weight, but proventriculus and gizzard weights were significantly lower for hens not fed on d 1 prior to cooping (54 g) compared with hens fed on d 1 and cooped after 2, 4, or 6 h (62 to 63 g). However, hens processed on d 2 had proventriculus and gizzard weights that were the same as for those hens processed on d 1 and cooped at 0 h (63 g). Clearance of ingesta from the crop, proventriculus and gizzard, and intestines readily occurred while hens were held overnight without access to water. C1 USDA, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 2000 EP 2004 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 754DL UT WOS:000187287400023 PM 14717561 ER PT J AU Araya, M Chen, BH Klevay, LM Strain, JJ Johnson, L Robson, P Shi, W Nielsen, F Zhu, HG Olivares, M Pizarro, F Haber, LT AF Araya, M Chen, BH Klevay, LM Strain, JJ Johnson, L Robson, P Shi, W Nielsen, F Zhu, HG Olivares, M Pizarro, F Haber, LT TI Confirmation of an acute no-ob served-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper; NOAEL; bottled water; nausea; risk assessment; dose-response; acute exposure; upper safe limit ID EXPOSURE; ZINC AB In a double blind, 3 x 3 factorial (volume x dose) study, 70 adult females (18-60 years of age) at four different international sites (total pooled n = 269) were given 100, 150, or 200 ml of bottled drinking water with 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 mg of copper (Cu) as the sulfate salt once each week. Two additional doses (0 and 1.6mg Cu) were added at the 200ml volume to determine a dose-response relationship and corroborate previously reported results. All subjects completed a questionnaire at 0, 0.25, and I h post-dosing that screened for positive gastrointestinal (GI) effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea). Nausea was the most prevalent symptom reported and was generally reported within the first 15 min (water volume, p < 0.032; copper dose, p < 0.0001; and water volume x copper interaction, p < 0.97). As volume increased, the effect of Cu-induced nausea decreased; as Cu dose increased, the incidence of nausea increased. At 200 ml, a significant increase in reported incidence of nausea at 0.25 h occurred at 1.2 mg Cu (6 mg Cu/L), indicating a NOAEL of 0.8 mg Cu (4 mg Cu/L) for adult females. These data confirm a previously determined human acute NOAEL for Cu added to distilled water, and provide additional, controlled human data for determining safe concentrations of Cu in drinking water. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 TERA, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA. Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, INTA, Santiago 11, Chile. Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Ulster, NICHE, No Ireland Ctr Food & Hlth, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. RP Haber, LT (reprint author), TERA, 1757 Chase Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA. RI Olivares, Manuel/I-1876-2013; Pizarro, Fernando/K-5266-2012 OI Olivares, Manuel/0000-0002-1716-7697; Pizarro, Fernando/0000-0001-6088-1119 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.08.001 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 747LU UT WOS:000186806600012 PM 14623488 ER PT J AU Paczoska-Eliasiewicz, HE Gertler, A Proszkowiec, M Proudman, J Hrabia, A Sechman, A Mika, M Jacek, T Cassy, S Raver, N Rzasa, J AF Paczoska-Eliasiewicz, HE Gertler, A Proszkowiec, M Proudman, J Hrabia, A Sechman, A Mika, M Jacek, T Cassy, S Raver, N Rzasa, J TI Attenuation by leptin of the effects of fasting on ovarian function in hens (Gallus domesticus) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID NORMAL FEMALE MICE; CHICKEN LEPTIN; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVULATORY CYCLE; FOOD-INTAKE; FOLLICLE DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; GRANULOSA-CELLS AB Thirty-four-week-old laying hens received injections of recombinant chicken leptin to assess the role of leptin in avian ovarian function. In the first experiment, the hens (n-60) were divided into three groups: (i) fed ad libitum; (ii) fasted; and (iii) fasted +leptin. Hens were fasted for 5 days and those treated with leptin received 250 jig leptin kg(-1) body weight twice a day, i.p. In the second experiment, the hens (n=72) were divided into four groups: (i) fed ad libitum; (ii) fasted; (iii) fasted + leptin given only during fasting (5 days); or (iv) fasted and leptin given during both fasting and 5 days of re-feeding (10 days). LH was measured in blood plasma, and progesterone and oestradiol were measured in blood plasma and the ovary by radioimmunoassay. Apoptosis was examined in the walls of the three largest yellow hierarchical follicles (F3-F1; F3 < F2 < F1; 25-35 mm) by the TdT mediated dUTP nick-end labelling method. Results showed that the injections of leptin during fasting: (i) delayed cessation of egg laying; (ii) attenuated regression of yellow hierarchical follicles; (iii) altered ovarian steroidogenesis; and (iv) abolished the fasting-induced apoptosis in the wall of F3-F1 follicles during the first 2 days of fasting and partially attenuated apoptosis after 5 days of fasting. Prolongation of leptin injections into the re-feeding period considerably delayed the restoration of the ovary. Expression of leptin receptor in laying hens was determined by RT-PCR. The highest expression of leptin receptor was observed in the hypothalamus. Lower receptor mRNA expression was found in the hypophysis, whereas the lowest expression was observed in the ovary. Within the ovary, a relatively high expression of leptin receptor was found in the stroma with cortical follicles < 1 mm, the wall of white (1-8 mm) and small yellow follicles (> 8-12 mm), and the granulosa layer of F3 follicles. The expression of leptin receptor in the granulosa layer of F2 and F1 follicles was barely detectable. This was in contrast to a much higher expression of leptin receptor maintained in the theca layer of F3-F1 follicles. The present results indicate that in chickens leptin might be involved in the adaptation to starvation due to attenuation of follicular apoptosis. The presence of leptin receptors in the ovary indicates the possibility of a peripheral effect of the hormone. C1 Univ Agr, Dept Anim Physiol, Krakow, Poland. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Biotechnol Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. RP Paczoska-Eliasiewicz, HE (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Anim Physiol, Krakow, Poland. EM rzeliasi@cyf-kr.edu.pl NR 73 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD DEC PY 2003 VL 126 IS 6 BP 739 EP 751 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 762MU UT WOS:000187976800006 PM 14748693 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Santelices, R AF Litton, CM Santelices, R TI Effect of wildfire on soil physical and chemical properties in a Nothofagus glauca forest, Chile SO REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL LA English DT Article DE Nothofagus glauca; soil chemical properties; soil physical properties; wildfire ID PONDEROSA PINE; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; FIRE AB Effects of a wildfire on soil chemical and physical properties in a Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser forest in the Coastal Mountain Range of south-central Chile were investigated. Response of the soil during the first two years following a wildfire was examined, where data from soil in a burned forest were compared to that in an adjacent, unburned stand. The effects that wildfire have on soil properties in this highly fragmented ecosystem are not well understood, but results from this study suggest similar responses to those found in other mediterranean forest systems. Both physical (bulk density, percent soil moisture, and soil organic matter content) and chemical properties (exchangeable inorganic nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and soil pH) were examined, and data presented here suggest that soil properties vary in their initial response to fire in this ecosystem. Soil organic matter content and soil moisture decreased following fire and remained lower than values from unburned plots for the duration of the study. Exchangeable potassium increased initially after burning, but values in burned plots decreased with time and by the end of two years were significantly lower than in unburned soil. In turn, extractable phosphorus and soil pH both increased immediately following wildfire and values in burned plots remained significantly higher than unburned plots for the entire measurement period. Exchangeable inorganic nitrogen reached higher levels in soil of burned plots for the autumn measurements (April 1997 and 1998) and lower values in burned plots for the spring measurements (November 1997 and 1998). Soil bulk density remained unchanged following fire. In general, changes in soil properties following fire were greatest at the 0-5 cm layer and more modest at the 510 cm sampling depth. These changes were related primarily to oxidation of the detrital layer during fire and concurrent changes in the soil environment following fire (e.g., a reduction in organic matter content of the soil, decreased soil moisture, and increased soil pH). The results of this study have implications for the productivity and sustainable management of the native forest remnants in this region. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Catolica Maule, Ctr Invest Biotecnol Silvoagr, Dept Ciencias Forestales, Talca, Chile. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOCIEDAD BIOLGIA CHILE PI SANTIAGO PA CASILLA 16164, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0716-078X J9 REV CHIL HIST NAT JI Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4 BP 529 EP 542 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 760EK UT WOS:000187798500001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB AF Jenkins, MB TI Rhizobial and bradyrhizobial symbionts of mesquite from the Sonoran Desert: salt tolerance, facultative halophily and nitrate respiration SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mesquite; Prosopis; Rhizobhun; Bradyrhizobiuni; salt tolerance; halophily; nitrate respiration; denitrification ID COWPEA RHIZOBIA; PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; NODULATING RHIZOBIA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; TREE LEGUMES; DENITRIFICATION; SALINITY; POPULATIONS; SODIUM AB Rhizobial symbionts were isolated from the surface (0-0.5 M) and phreatic (3.9-5.0 M) root environments of a mature mesquite woodland in the Sonoran Desert of Southern California, and from variable depths (0-12 m) of non-phreatic mesquite ecosystems in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico. They were tested for their ability to tolerate high salinity, and respire NO3- as mechanisms of free-living survival. Sixteen of 25 isolates were grown in yeast-extract mannitol (YEM) broth at NaCl concentrations of 2 (basal concentration), 100, 300, 500 and 600 mM, and their specific growth rates, cell dry weight and lag times were determined. Twenty of the 25 isolates were also grown in YEM broth under anaerobic conditions with or without 10 mM KNO3. Three categories of NaCl salinity responses were observed: (1) eight isolates showed decreased specific growth rates at NaCl concentrations of 100, 300 and 500 mM, but they nevertheless remained viable at 500 mM NaCl concentration; (2) the specific growth rate of six isolates increased significantly at 100 and 300 mM NaCl; and (3) specific growth rates of two isolates were significantly greater than the base-rate at all concentrations of NaCl. Five of 11 of the Bradyrhizobium isolates tested respired NO3-, but showed no growth. Seven Rhizobium isolates, three from the deep (3.9-5 m) phreatic rhizobial community, and four from the surface community denitrified NO3- but only the isolates from the phreatic community displayed anaerobic growth. Long-term interactions between rhizobial and bradyrhizobial communities and the surface and phreatic root environments of the mature Sonoran Desert mesquite woodland appear to have selected for strains of NO3- respiring rhizobia, general salt tolerance of both rhizobial and bradyrhizobial symbionts, and strains of weak facultative halophilic bradyrhizobia. These survival characteristics of mesquite rhizobia may be important regarding mesquite's establishment and long-term productivity in marginal desert soils, and may provide novel types of rhizobia for food crops growing in harsh environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1675 EP 1682 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.08.014 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 742NK UT WOS:000186523800016 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Motta, AC Reeves, DW Burmester, CH van Santen, E Osborne, JA AF Feng, Y Motta, AC Reeves, DW Burmester, CH van Santen, E Osborne, JA TI Soil microbial communities under conventional-till and no-till continuous cotton systems SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microbial community; phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid; no tillage; conventional tillage; cotton ID CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION-INCUBATION; FATTY-ACID PROFILE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; FERTILITY; CARBON; WHEAT; GRASSLANDS AB Soil management practices affect soil microbial communities, which in turn influence soil ecosystem processes. In this study, the effects of conventional- (fall disking, chiseling and spring disking, field cultivation) and no-tillage practices on soil microbial communities were examined under long-term continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) systems on a Decatur silt loam soil. Soil samples were taken in February, May, and October of 2000 at depths of 0-3, 3-6, 6-12, and 12-24 cm. Compared to the conventional -till treatment, the no-till treatment increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the surface layer by 130 and 70%, respectively. Microbial biomass C content under no-till treatment was 60, 140, and 75% greater than under conventional -till treatment in February, May, and October, respectively. Principal components analysis of phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profile indicated soil microbial communities shifted over time and with soil depth. This change appeared to be driven primarily by soil bacterial populations as indicated by the major PLFA contributors (i.e. fatty acids 16:0, 10Me16:0, cy19:0, 16:1 20H, and i15:0) to the first two principal components. Tillage treatment differences were revealed by analysis of variance on the first principal components (PC 1), which accounted for 62% of the total sample variance, and by the relative abundance of selected PLFAs and PLFA ratios. The impact of tillage practices was significant in February and May, but not in October. During the growing season, changes in the microbial community may be primarily determined by soil conditions responding to cotton growth and environmental variables such as moisture and temperature; during fallow or prior to cotton establishment, community changes associated with tillage practices become more pronounced. These findings have implications for understanding how conservation tillage practices improve soil quality and sustainability in a cotton cropping system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Feng, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yfeng@acesag.auburn.edu NR 43 TC 126 Z9 149 U1 5 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1693 EP 1703 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.08.016 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 742NK UT WOS:000186523800018 ER PT J AU Lal, R Follett, RF Kimble, JM AF Lal, R Follett, RF Kimble, JM TI Achieving soil carbon sequestration in the United States: A challenge to the policy makers SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE climate change; humus; secondary carbonates; soil carbon; dynamics; conservation tillage; land use; soil restoration; soil degradation ID ORGANIC-CARBON; WHEAT-FALLOW; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; GRASSLAND SOILS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; CROP-ROTATION; GLOBAL CHANGE; CENTRAL OHIO; URBAN TREES AB Carbon (C) sequestration in soil implies enhancing the concentrations/pools of soil organic matter and secondary carbonates. It is achieved through adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs) on soils of agricultural, grazing, and forestry ecosystems, and conversion of degraded soils and drastically disturbed lands to restorative land use. Of the 916 million hectares (Mha) comprising the total land area in the continental United States and Alaska, 157 Mha (17.1%) are under cropland, 336 Mha (36.7%) under grazing land, 236 Mha (25.8%) under forest, 14 Mha (1.5%) under Conservation Reserve Programs (CRP), and 20 Mha (2.2%) are under urban land use. Land areas affected by different soil degradative processes include 52 Mha affected by water erosion, 48 Mha by wind erosion, 0.2 Mha by secondary salinization, and more than 4 Mha affected by mining. Adoption of RMPs can lead to sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) at an annual rate of 45 to 98 Tg (teragram = 1 X 10(12) g = 1 million metric tons or MMT) in cropland, 13 to 70 Tg in grazing land, and 25 to 102 Tg in forestlands. In addition, there is an annual soil C sequestration potential of 21 to 77 Tg by land conversion, 25 to 60 Tg by land restoration, and 15 to 25 Tg by management of other land uses. Thus, the total potential of C sequestration in soils of the United States is 144 to 432 Tg/y or an average of 288 Tg C/y. With the implementation of suitable policy initiatives, this potential is realizable for up to 30 years or when the soil C sink capacity is filled. In comparison, emission by agricultural activities is estimated at: 43 Tg C/y, and the current rate of SOC sequestration is reported as 17 Tg C/y. The challenge the policy makers face is to be able to develop and implement policies that are conducive to realization of this potential. C1 Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lal.1@osu.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 143 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 11 U2 66 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 827 EP 845 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000106407.84926.6b PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 754EP UT WOS:000187290000001 ER PT J AU Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B AF Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B TI Soil physical properties and crop productivity of an eroded soil amended with cattle manure SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eroded soil restoration; cattle manure; physical properties; crop productivity ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER STORAGE; SANDY SOIL; EROSION; CORN; FERTILIZER; AMENDMENTS; RAINFALL; OHIO; LOAM AB Erosion changes soil properties, especially physical properties, mainly because it removes surface soil rich in organic materials and exposes lower soil layers. In 1988, a study was established to determine the effects of soil erosion and long-term manure applications on selected soil physical properties and corn (Zea mays L.) production. After 10 years of annual manure applications, soil core samples were collected in 7.6-cm increments at three depths, 0 to 7.6, 15 to 22.6, and 30 to 37.6 cm, to determine soil bulk density (rho(b)), hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil (K-s), and water retention. Bulk density and K-s increased slightly with erosion level. Water retention did not change in the surface 7.6 cm, but it did decrease with increasing erosion level at deeper depths. Long-term application of manure decreased rho(b) by 10%, whereas K-s was doubled in the top 7.6 cm of soil. Manure increased soil-water retention capacity and decreased differences in water retention between erosion levels, especially at low suctions (0 to 20 kPa). Soil carbon content correlated wen with water retention and rho(b) Corn grain yields in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were 15, 6, and 14% less, respectively, in the severe than in the slight erosion phase. Long-term manure additions increased corn grain yields by 19% in 1998 and by 25% in 1999. Increased yield from manure additions was likely related to an enhancement in water retention. Results from this study show that long-term manure application is a possible management alternative for restoring the physical properties and crop productivity of eroded soil. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Arriaga, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 888 EP 899 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000106403.84926.7e PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 754EP UT WOS:000187290000006 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ AF Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ TI Soil strength, cotton root growth and lint yield in a southeastern USA coastal loamy sand SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE compaction; reduced tillage; deep tillage; subsoil hardpan; loamy sand; penetration resistance; cover crop; cotton ID PENETRATION RESISTANCE; COMPACTED SOIL; CONE INDEX; TILLAGE; COVER; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUE; NARROW; RAIN AB Inverse linear relationships between soil strength and yield in Coastal Plain soils that have subsurface genetic hard layers have previously been developed for corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under management systems that include annual or biannual non-inversion deep tillage. In a field study in the southeastern Coastal Plains of the USA, we tested this relationship for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in wide (0.96 m) rows, hypothesizing that root growth and lint yield of cotton would increase with a decrease in soil strength associated with annual deep tillage or cover crop. Root growth and yield were evaluated for treatment combinations of surface tillage or none, deep tillage or none, and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop or none. Root growth increased (r(2) = 0.66-0.68) as mean or maximum soil strength decreased. Cotton lint yield was not significantly affected by the treatments. Lack of yield response to tillage treatment may have been the result of management practices that employed a small (3 m wide) disk in surface-tilled plots and maintained traffic lanes, both of which help prevent re-compaction. These results indicate that less than annual frequency of subsoiling might be a viable production practice for cotton grown in traditionally wide (0.96 m) rows on a Coastal Plain soil (fine loamy Acrisol-Typic Kandiudult). Thus, annual subsoiling, a practice commonly recommended and used, need not be a blanket recommendation for cotton grown on Coastal Plain soils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM busscher@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.still.2003.06.002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 747MN UT WOS:000186808400005 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Natwick, ET Chen, TY Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, CC Natwick, ET Chen, TY Henneberry, TJ TI Analyses of cotton leaf characteristics effect on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) biotype B colonization on cotton in Arizona and California SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING PLANS; OKRA-LEAF; CULTIVARS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ARGENTIFOLII; RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGY; AGE AB Cotton leaf characteristics and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B population density relationships were studied on 17 varieties of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), in Arizona and California from 1999 to 2002. Our objectives were to determine the effects of trichome density, leaf area, leaf perimeter, leaf perimeter-leaf area ratio, and okra-leaf vs. normal-leaf varieties on populations of B. tabaci in the field. The results showed that the density of branched stellate trichomes on underleaf surfaces was the primary factor influencing the varietal susceptibility to adult B. tabaci. Increased numbers of eggs and nymphs were found on hairy leaf Stonville (ST) 474 plants compared with smooth-leaf varieties. Leaf perimeter size and leaf perimeter-leaf area ratio were negatively related to B. tabaci numbers. Okra-leaf varieties had larger leaf perimeters and higher leaf perimeter leaf area ratios and fewer adults per leaf and immatures (eggs and nymphs) per cm(2) of leaf disk. Smaller leaves of normal, smooth leaf varieties may result in lower B. tabaci population densities. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759NJ UT WOS:000187743500001 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Elzen, GW Rubink, W AF Elzen, PJ Elzen, GW Rubink, W TI Comparative susceptibility of European and Africanized honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) ecotypes to several insecticide classes SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SELECTION AB Three insecticide classes (pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate) were assayed for comparative toxicity to European honey bees, Apis mellifera L. and Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier. Ecotype verification was achieved through utilization of ecotype-specific isoenzyme analyses. The candidate insecticides tested are commonly used in crops in the geographical ranges of both European and Africanized honey bees. The European honey bee ecotype was significantly more tolerant of cyfluthrin (pyrethroid) than the Africanized honey bee ecotype, likely due to the preceeding decade of pyrethroid use in managed colonies to control the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman. Both ecotypes of bees were equally susceptible to malathion (orgahophophate) and carbofuran (carbamate) insecticides. Discussion is given as to development of relative insecticide tolerance in European honey bees. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759NJ UT WOS:000187743500004 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ AF Elzen, PJ TI Suitability of formic acid to control Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) and safety to Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in the southwestern U.S SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HONEY-BEES; JACOBSONI ACARI; FORMULATION; RESISTANCE; COLONIES; FLUVALINATE; COUMAPHOS AB Formic acid in a gel form was tested in south Texas for its efficacy in controlling the parasitic honey bee mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, and its safety for use in southern conditions. Formic acid gel gave significantly better control than untreated colonies, but such control was significantly less than standard treatments of fluvalinate and coumaphos. The formic acid gel treatment also resulted in significant, but not excessive, mortality of adult honey bees compared to untreated controls. This was particularly seen as temperatures consistently rose above ca. 24degreesC. Queen mortality was also observed in colonies treated with formic acid. Discussion is given on integration of the formic acid gel pack into a V. destructor management plan for southwestern U.S. beekeepers. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759NJ UT WOS:000187743500005 ER PT J AU Britten, DC Schuster, GL Michels, GJ Owings, DA AF Britten, DC Schuster, GL Michels, GJ Owings, DA TI Using cold-stored or overwintering Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci (Acarina : Eriophyiidae), a gall-forming eriophyiid mite, for infestation of field bindweed SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Clippings of Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci infested field bindweed, Convolvulvus arvensis L., were used to successfully infest field bindweed in a greenhouse for up to 70 days after the clippings had been collected and stored at either 2 and 4 C. Percentage of plants infested was significantly different between mites collected from the two sites (34.5% from Moore County and 16.5% from Carson County, Texas), and the ability of mites to infest plants decreased significantly as the number of days in storage increased. No significant difference in percentage of plants infested was found between years (27.8% in 1999 and 23.2% in 2000) or storage temperature (23.5% at 2degreesC and 27.5% at 4degreesC). Overwintering A. malherbae from field bindweed rootstock infested 66.7 and 75% of the field bindweed grown in a greenhouse, and it took an average of 24.5 (+/-6.6) and 21.4 (+/-4.5) days for the bindweed plants to begin showing damage symptoms in 1999 and 2000, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79106 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Britten, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, 2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759NJ UT WOS:000187743500007 ER PT J AU Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF de la Torre, T AF Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF de la Torre, T TI Nucotn 33B (R) and Delta and Pineland cottons: Pink bollworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) infestations and Cry1Ac toxic protein in overwintered and seeded cottons with bioassay mortalities of other lepidopterous larvae. SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; TRANSGENIC COTTON; SEASONAL INFESTATION; CENTRAL ARIZONA AB NuCOTN 33B(R) (Bt) and Delta and Pineland (DPL 5415) cottons were grown in furrow and furrow plus drip irrigated cotton plots in Arizona. CrylAc toxic protein produced in Bt cotton was measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Irrigation type had no effect on CrylAc measured in cotton leaves or bolls. First-instar, laboratory-reared pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), larvae placed on Bt cotton bolls collected in field throughout the season died (100%) irrespective of decreasing CrylAc toxic protein levels in late season bolls. PBW field infestations averaged over 2.5 live larvae per (DPL 5415) immature green boll compared with no live larvae in Bt immature green bolls. Results were similar for PBW infestations of open mature bolls on Bt and DPL 5415 whole cotton plant samples. Two unexplained PBW larval exit holes occurred in open mature Bt bolls. These could have been on plants from non-Bt contaminated seed in Bt seed lots. In bioassays, using laboratory-reared cabbage looper (CL), Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), larval mortality percentages decreased with decreasing CrylAc content measured in Bt leaves. CrylAc protein was expressed in cotton bolls and leaves from overwintered Bt plants. PBW and tobacco budworm (TBW), Heliothis virescens (L.), larval mortalities averaged 99 and 100% (overwintered and 2002 seeded Bt cotton), respectively, compared with averages of 40 and 3%, respectively, on DPL 5415 bolls and leaves (overwintered and 2002 seeded cotton). C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Henneberry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 281 EP 292 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759NJ UT WOS:000187743500008 ER PT J AU Wood, BW AF Wood, BW TI Pecan production in North America SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Entomol Soc Amer, SO Reg Project Pecan Insects ID ALTERNATE BEARING INTENSITY; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BLACKMARGINED APHID; CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATION; FALL DEFOLIATION; GROWTH; FRUIT; HOMOPTERA; LEAVES AB Future arthropod management strategies for pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch, will likely be increasingly influenced by the cultural strategies of husbandry protocols and how they influence the alternate bearing characteristics of trees and orchards. Commercial North American pecan husbandry involves three distinct generalized commercial production strategies (i.e., native groves, seedling orchards, and improved orchards), four production subsystems (i.e., nonpruned discrete canopies, selectively pruned discrete canopies, hedge pruned discrete canopies, and hedge pruned continuous canopies), and several prominent subsubsystems relating to water (dry vs. irrigated), nitrogen (moderate vs. high), ground cover (none vs. grasses vs. legumes vs. inter-cropping), livestock (grazing vs. nongrazing), input (organic vs. non-organic), and pest control (biological vs. chemical vs. integrated). Thus, integration of these systems and sub-subsystems yield hundreds of distinct production systems -each of which potentially influences both the nature of arthropod damage and the economic success of husbandry. The large number of native grove operations, plus the trend toward industrialization (i.e., intensively managed improved orchards), low-input management, and organic farming means that husbandry merits a considerable investment in development of commercially acceptable arthropod management strategies. Alternate beating is a key stress physiology phenomenon to which orchard, or grove, profitability is tightly linked; therefore occupying a pivotal position on which nearly all commercially successful arthropod management practices are likely to be linked. C1 ARS, USDA, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SEFTNRL, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 SU 27 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 760MG UT WOS:000187837000002 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Knutson, AE Ree, W Jackman, JA Dean, A Matis, JH McVay, J Nesbitt, M Mizell, R Dutcher, J Reid, W Hall, M Barlow, D Smith, MT Mulder, P Smith, MW Millar, JG Harris, MK AF Stevenson, DE Knutson, AE Ree, W Jackman, JA Dean, A Matis, JH McVay, J Nesbitt, M Mizell, R Dutcher, J Reid, W Hall, M Barlow, D Smith, MT Mulder, P Smith, MW Millar, JG Harris, MK TI Pecan nut casebearer pheromone monitoring and degree-day model validation across the pecan belt SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Entomol Soc Amer, SO Reg Project Pecan Insects ID LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; PREDICTION; EMERGENCE; TRAPS AB Pecan nut casebearer (PNC) was monitored at thirty-seven locations in eight states across the pecan belt with sticky traps baited with gray butyl rubber caps treated with 100 micrograms (mug) E(8),Z(11)-hexadecadienal. The pheromone proved to be an effective lure at all locations. Longevity of lure effectiveness exceeded 8 weeks. Data from traps proved an effective means for developing emergence curves for adult male moths and estimating percent emergence and adult activity. In locations where available weather data permitted phenological predictions by the Texas PNC degree-day model, pheromone monitoring proved effective in model validation, improvement of model predictions and in continued model development. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Pecan Expt Field, Chetopa, KS USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, BIIR, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 SU 27 BP 57 EP 73 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 760MG UT WOS:000187837000006 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Wood, BW AF Cottrell, TE Wood, BW TI Pecan weevil management: Past, present and toward a future strategy SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Entomol Soc Amer, SO Reg Project Pecan Insects ID CURCULIO-CARYAE COLEOPTERA; LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; EMERGENCE; CARBARYL; LARVAE; SOIL; INSECTICIDES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; ORCHARDS AB The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an indigenous pest of the native North American pecan, Carya illinoensis Wang K (Koch). Before the era of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides, management of the pecan weevil was attempted with cultural methods, but control was generally poor. Chemical insecticides offered efficacious. foliar sprays and a few soil treatments. Most of these chemicals are no longer available. Carbaryl has emerged as the predominant insecticide presently used to manage pecan weevils but foliar applications disrupt natural enemies thus leading to secondary pest outbreaks. We tested various rates of carbaryl, applied to pecan trunks, against pecan weevils that were exposed to those trunks for a single, brief interval. If effective, future pecan weevil management programs may include such a strategy since natural enemies in the canopy would be less-affected and applications would be targeted to a specific site. We exposed groups of weevils 1, 4, 8 and 13 days after treating trunks; each individual was evaluated as healthy, moribund or dead at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. Probit analysis was used to estimate effective rates that resulted in 95% non-feeding weevils (i.e., ER95) for the four test dates after application and six time periods after exposure. A regression equation in terms of days since insecticide application and hours since exposure was fit to those estimates and used to construct a response surface plot. Brief exposure to the insecticide affected pecan weevils. To achieve an ER95 by 12 h after exposure and through 13 days after treating trunks, carbaryl would need to be applied at 7.9X the rate normally applied to foliage. It is likely that other insecticides may provide similar results when used in this manner. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 SU 27 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 760MG UT WOS:000187837000007 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI TI Microbial control of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Entomol Soc Amer, SO Reg Project Pecan Insects ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE DEUTEROMYCOTINA; FUNGI BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LARVAE; STEINERNEMATIDAE; VIRULENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUPPRESSION AB The pecan weevil, Curculio cayae (Horn), is a key pest of pecans throughout the Southeastern US, Oklahoma, Kansas, and parts of Texas. The objective of this paper is to provide an updated review and analysis of the potential for using microbial control to suppress C caryae. No protozoan and only one virus disease has been reported in C. caryae, and thus the microbial control potential of these groups appears to be limited. Pathogenic bacteria found in C caryae include the genera Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Serratia, and rickettsia-like organisms. Bacteria appear to have only low to moderate potential as microbial control agents of C. caryae due to low infectivity, poor virulence, or perhaps safety issues. Several fungi in the sub-division Deuteromycotina have been found to occur naturally in C. caryae, the most common being Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, which have considerable potential as control agents. Several nematodes have been reported in C caryae, but only the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis appear to have any promise as microbial control agents. Although these nematodes possess only low to moderate virulence to C caryae larvae, some species, particularly Steinernema carpocapsae, are highly virulent to adults. Overall, microbial control research on C caryae is in its early stages and would benefit from identifying more pathogen strains and species as candidate control agents as well as elucidating factors affecting efficacy and methods of improvement. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 SU 27 BP 101 EP 114 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 760MG UT WOS:000187837000009 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Suh, MW Sasser, PE AF Cui, XL Suh, MW Sasser, PE TI Estimating single cotton fiber tensile properties from the load-elongation curves of slack bundles SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENACITY; STRENGTH AB A method has been developed to estimate single cotton fiber tensile properties from load-elongation curves of slack fiber bundles. The method is applied to bundle load-elongation, curves from HVI tests to estimate the averages of fiber breaking strength, elongation, and crimp. The estimated values are compared with single fiber tensile properties obtained from a Mantis(R) single fiber tester. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Cui, XL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1066 EP 1070 DI 10.1177/004051750307301207 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 763PU UT WOS:000188095700007 ER PT J AU Lopez-Sese, AI Staub, JE Gomez-Guillamon, ML AF Lopez-Sese, AI Staub, JE Gomez-Guillamon, ML TI Genetic analysis of Spanish melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm using a standardized molecular-marker array and geographically diverse reference accessions SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ISOZYME; RAPD; MAP AB Genetic relationships among 125 Spanish melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions from a Spanish germplasm collection were assessed using a standard molecular-marker array consisting of 34 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers bands (19 primers) and 72 reference accessions drawn from previous studies. The reference accession array consisted of a broad range [Japanese (19) Crete (17), African (15), and USA and Europe (US/EU, 21)] of horticultural groupings (Group Cantalupensis, Group Conomon, Group Inodorus, Group Flexuosus, and Group Chito), and of melon market classes (e.g., Charentais, U.S. Western and European Shipper types, Ogen, and Galia, Honeydew, and Casaba). Spanish melon accessions (largely Casaba, Group Inodorus) were genetically distinct from the reference accessions and other Group Inodorus melons of different origins. Most African accessions showed common genetic affinities, and grouped with the Group Chito and the Group Conomon accessions examined. Those accession groupings were distinct from all other accessions belonging to Group Cantalupensis, Flexuosus, and Inodorus accessions originating from Crete, Japan, Europe, and the U.S. Genetic diversity was highest in accessions of African origin and lowest in accessions of Spanish origin. Additional RAPD markers (49 primers, 141 bands) and 22 selected agronomic traits (quantitative and qualitative) were then used to assess the genetic diversity among Spanish accessions. While cluster analysis using fruit characteristics grouped accessions into cultivars, RAPD-based genetic-distance estimate did not provide consistent accession groupings either by cultivar or geographic origin. While the highest level of polymorphism was detected among melons originating from the central region of Spain, and in the Rochet cultivar, accessions from the Andalucia region and Green cultivars were comparatively less diverse. These results indicate that the Spanish melon accessions could be used to broaden the genetic base of local and foreign Casaba germplasm, to enhance the genetic diversity of U.S and European commercial melon germplasm, and to delineate collection strategies for acquisition of additional Spanish landraces. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CSIC, Expt Stn La Mayora, Malaga 29750, Spain. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1404-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 749YP UT WOS:000186957900004 PM 14504742 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Agrama, HA Horsley, RD Steffenson, BJ Schwarz, PB Mesfin, A Franckowiak, JD AF Dahleen, LS Agrama, HA Horsley, RD Steffenson, BJ Schwarz, PB Mesfin, A Franckowiak, JD TI Identification of QTLs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in Zhedar 2 barley SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; disease resistance; gene mapping; molecular markers ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LINKAGE MAP; SEQUENCES; GENOME; WHEAT; RICE; DEOXYNIVALENOL; POPULATION; MYCOTOXINS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley and wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a continual problem worldwide. Primarily, FHB reduces yield and quality, and results in the production of the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which can affect food safety. Identification of QTLs for FHB severity, DON level and related traits heading-date (HD) and plant-height (HT) with consistent effects across a set of environments, would provide the basis for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and potentially increase the efficiency of selection for resistance. A segregating population of 75 double-haploid lines, developed from the three-way cross Zhedar 2/ND9712//Foster, was used for genome mapping and FHB severity evaluation. A linkage map of 214 RFLP, SSR and AFLP markers was constructed. Phenotypic data were collected in replicated field trials from five environments in two growing seasons. The data were analyzed using MQTL software to detect quantitative trait locus (QTL) x environment (E) interactions. Because of the presence of QTL x E, the MQM procedure in MAPQTL was applied to identify QTLs in single environments. We identified nine QTLs for FHB severity and five for low DON. Many of the disease-related QTLs identified were coincident with FHB QTLs identified in previous studies. Only two of the QTLs identified in this study were consistent across all five environments, and both were Zhedar 2 specific. Five of the FHB QTLs were associated with HD, and two were associated with HT. Regions that appear to be promising candidates for MAS and further genetic analysis include the two FHB QTLs on chromosome 2H and one on 6H, which were also associated with low DON and later heading-date in multiple environments. This study provides a starting point for manipulating Zhedar 2-derived resistance by MAS in barley to develop cultivars that will show effective resistance under disease pressure. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, SU Stn,POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM dahleenl@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1409-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 749YP UT WOS:000186957900010 PM 14556050 ER PT J AU Nickle, DA AF Nickle, DA TI A revision of the mole cricket genus Scapteriscus with the description of a morphologically similar new genus (Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae : Scapteriscinae) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE mole crickets; Scapteriscus; Indioscaptor; systematics ID DIDACTYLUS ORTHOPTERA; SPECIES RECOGNITION; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; SOUND PRODUCTION; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; UNITED-STATES; ACLETUS; VICINUS; PEST; FLIGHT AB The mole cricket genus Scapteriscus Scudder, 1869 is revised to include 21 species, 9 of which are described herein as new: costaricensis, didactyloides, ecuadorensis, grossi, macrocellus,peruvianus, quadripunctatus, saileri, and tibiodentalis. Two species, S. tenuis Scudder 1869 and S. didactyloides Nickle new species, each have several geographical variants which may prove to be distinct species. Two species, S. leptodactylus Chopard, 1928 and S. siangensis Tandon and Shishodia 1972, described from India and Pakistan, are removed from Scapteriscus and placed in a new genus, described herein as Indioscaptor Nickle. Species of Scapteriscus are defined using both traditional morphological characters and other methods of species recognition, including analyses of morphometrics and cuticular hydrocarbons. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nickle, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 123 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 129 IS 3-4 BP 411 EP 485 PG 75 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 763DN UT WOS:000188059600005 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KD AF Hirschi, KD TI Strike while the ionome is hot: making the most of plant genomic advances SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS AB Research into plant nutrition focuses on how plants maintain elemental differences from the surrounding environment. Classic genetic analysis has been hindered because it is not possible to accurately screen for perturbations in this disequilibrium. Recent work by Lahner and colleagues has enabled efficient screening and identification of plants that have altered elemental profiles. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 12 BP 520 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.09.013 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 750TK UT WOS:000187014000003 PM 14624858 ER PT J AU Lee, LF Liu, JL Cui, XP Kung, HJ AF Lee, LF Liu, JL Cui, XP Kung, HJ TI Marek's disease virus latent protein MEQ: Delineation of an epitope in the BR1 domain involved in nuclear localization SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE bZIP; herpes virus; MDV; monoclonal antibody; oncogene ID HERPESVIRUS BZIP ONCOPROTEIN; LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; GENE; GENOME; PP38; MDV; TRANSFORMATION; SEQUENCE AB Marek's disease virus latent protein MEQ (MDV Eco Q) is abundantly expressed and consistently detected in MDV-induced tumors and cell lines. Deletion mutants were constructed to study the domain structure of MEQ. Four deletion mutants were obtained in the basic regions of MEQ, namely basic region 1 (DeltaBR1), basic region 2 (DeltaBR2), basic regions 1 and 2 (DeltaBR1 and 2), and the C-terminal (bZIP) domain. The BR1 and BR2 are nuclear localization signals and either is sufficient to cause transport of MEQ into the nucleus. In addition, the BR2 is also responsible for MEQ's nucleolar localization. A monoclonal antibody (Mab 231346) was produced using recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) expressing MEQ (rFPV/MEQ) as a source of protein. The isotype of Mab 231346 is IgG1 and immunoprecipitated a band in rFPV/MEQ infected cells with molecular weight of 60 kDa specific to MEQ protein. We detected abundant expression of MEQ in (rFPV/MEQ), recombinant baculovirus (rBac) (rBac/MEQ), and lymphoid tumors induced by MDV. In order to delineate the epitope of MEQ reactive with Mab 231346, we used four deletion mutants from the basic and bZIP domains. We found the deletions in the N-terminal region including BR1 (DeltaBR1), and (DeltaBR1 and 2) completely abolished the specific binding with Mab 231346 as shown by Western blot analysis and immunofluoresence test. Deletion of BR2 (DeltaBR2) and the C-terminal (bZIP) domain had no effect on antibody binding. These data provide direct evidence that monoclonal antibody reactive epitope is localized in the BR1 domain of the molecule. Since both BR1 and BR2 domains contain sequences important for nuclear entry, we now have reagent to further study and elucidate the mechanism of MEQ's involvement in nuclear and nucleolar localization. C1 ARS, Avain Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurooncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95810 USA. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), ARS, Avain Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1023/A:1026334130092 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 738BB UT WOS:000186265900001 PM 14618081 ER PT J AU Kim, O Li, H Crawford, TB AF Kim, O Li, H Crawford, TB TI Demonstration of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever virions in sheep nasal secretions SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nasal secretions; cell-free virions; malignant catarrhal fever; ovine herpesvirus 2; gammaherpesvirus; lytic infection; sheep ID ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1 GENOME; PCR DETECTION; VIRUS; DNA; DEER; TRANSMISSION; REPLICATION; IDENTIFICATION; RUMINANTS; INFECTION AB Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, which has never been propagated in vitro. Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated significantly high levels of OvHV-2 DNA in sheep nasal secretions, suggesting a likely avenue of transmission. In the present study, real-time PCR was used to identify sheep experiencing an episode of intense OvHV-2 DNA shedding in their nasal secretions. A nuclease-resistance assay was used to examine the secretions for the presence of intact cell-free enveloped OvHV-2 virions. The results revealed that all nasal secretion samples from five selected individuals experiencing intensive shedding events contained cell-free OvHV-2 virions. Virions could not be identified in secretion samples from I I OvHV-2 infected sheep that were not experiencing a shedding event. This is the first unequivocal demonstration of cell-free OvHV-2 virions. These results suggest that OvHV-2 lytic infection occurs in the epithelium of certain tissues in the upper respiratory tract of the natural host. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 98 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.09.002 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 754XW UT WOS:000187359600003 PM 14659558 ER PT J AU Burke, MK King, SL Gartner, D Eisenbies, MH AF Burke, MK King, SL Gartner, D Eisenbies, MH TI Vegetation, soil, and flooding relationships in a blackwater floodplain forest SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; classification; ordination; wetland; hydroperiod ID COASTAL-PLAIN; PATTERNS; MISSOURI; VIRGINIA AB Hydroperiod is considered the primary determinant of plant species distribution in temperate floodplain forests, but most studies have focused on alluvial (sediment-laden) river systems. Few studies have evaluated plant community relationships in blackwater river systems of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America. In this study, we characterized the soils, hydroperiod, and vegetation communities and evaluated relationships between the physical and chemical environment and plant community structure on the floodplain of the Coosawhatchie River, a blackwater river in South Carolina, USA. The soils were similar to previous descriptions of blackwater floodplain soils but had greater soil N and P availability, substantially greater clay content, and lower soil silt content than was previously reported for other blackwater river floodplains. Results of a cluster analysis showed there were five forest communities on the site, and both short-term (4 years) and long-term (50 years) flooding records documented a flooding gradient: water tupelo community > swamp tupelo > laurel oak = overcup oak > mixed oak. The long-term hydrologic record showed that the floodplain has flooded less frequently from 1994 to present than in previous decades. Detrended correspondence analysis of environmental and relative basal area values showed that 27% of the variation in overstory community structure could be explained by the first two axes; however, fitting the species distributions to the DCA axes using Gaussian regression explained 67% of the variation. Axes were correlated with elevation (flooding intensity) and soil characteristics related to rooting volume and cation nutrient availability. Our study suggests that flooding is the major factor affecting community structure, but soil characteristics also may be factors in community structure in blackwater systems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Charleston, SC 29464 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Virginia Polytech Univ, Coll Forestry, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Burke, MK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29464 USA. EM mburke@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 988 EP 1002 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0988:VSAFRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766BU UT WOS:000188326200027 ER PT J AU Williams, CL Blejwas, K Johnston, JJ Jaeger, MM AF Williams, CL Blejwas, K Johnston, JJ Jaeger, MM TI A coyote in sheep's clothing: predator identification from saliva SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE coyote; individual identification; microsatellite; non-invasive; saliva; sex identification; species identification; Sry; wildlife forensics ID BROWN BEARS; DNA; SAMPLES; PCR AB We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and microsatellite analyses to identify canid species, gender, and individual genotype in samples containing a large excess of domestic sheep DNA. These methods were then used to investigate the feasibility of identifying predators from saliva on predation wounds. We analyzed predation wound samples from 19 sheep carcasses. Coyote DNA was identified in 18 samples (95%), of which 17 contained male coyote DNA (94%) and 11 (61%) yielded heterozygous microsatellite genotypes at greater than or equal to1 locus. These methods have promise for genetic identification of individual predators. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, CL (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 926 EP 932 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 765TG UT WOS:000188299100002 ER PT J AU Kolbe, JA Squires, JR Parker, TW AF Kolbe, JA Squires, JR Parker, TW TI An effective box trap for capturing lynx SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE box trap; Canada lynx; foothold trap; live capture; live trap; Lynx lynx; snare; trapping injuries ID POPULATION; COYOTES AB We designed a box trap for capturing lynx (Lynx lynx) that is lightweight, safe, effective, and less expensive than many commercial models. It can be constructed in approximately 3-4 hours from readily available materials. We used this trap to capture 40 lynx 89 times (96% of lynx entering traps) and observed no trapping related injuries. We compare our box trap to other common lynx-capture techniques that we used in terms of capture success, injuries, efficacy, and cost. Our design provided a safe, economical, and efficient means of capturing lynx when even a moderate risk of injury was unacceptable. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Kolbe, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jaykolbe@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 980 EP 985 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 765TG UT WOS:000188299100007 ER PT J AU Samson, FB Knopf, FL McCarthy, CW Noon, BR Ostlie, WR Rinehart, SM Larson, S Plumb, GE Schenbeck, GL Svingen, DN Byer, TW AF Samson, FB Knopf, FL McCarthy, CW Noon, BR Ostlie, WR Rinehart, SM Larson, S Plumb, GE Schenbeck, GL Svingen, DN Byer, TW TI Planning for population viability on Northern Great Plains national grasslands SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biological diversity; conservation planning; ecological processes; grasslands; management; population viability; prairie ID COARSE-FILTER APPROACH; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; MANAGEMENT; PRAIRIE; CONSERVATION; AMERICA; PLANT AB Broad-scale information in concert with conservation of individual species must be used to develop conservation priorities and a more integrated ecosystem protection strategy. In 1999 the United States Forest Service initiated an approach for the 1.2 X 10(6) ha of national grasslands in the Northern Great Plains to fulfill the requirement to maintain viable populations of all native and desirable introduced vertebrate and plant species. The challenge was threefold: 1) develop basic building blocks in the conservation planning approach, 2) apply the approach to national grasslands, and 3) overcome differences that may exist in agency-specific legal and policy requirements. Key assessment components in the approach included a bioregional assessment, coarse-filter analysis, and fine-filter analysis aimed at species considered at-risk. A science team of agency, conservation organization, and university personnel was established to develop the guidelines and standards and other formal procedures for implementation of conservation strategies. Conservation strategies included coarse-filter recommendations to restore the tallgrass, mixed, and shortgrass prairies to conditions that approximate historical ecological processes and landscape patterns, and fine-filter recommendations to address viability needs of individual and multiple species of native animals and plants. Results include a cost-effective approach to conservation planning and recommendations for addressing population viability and biodiversity concerns on national grasslands in the Northern Great Plains. C1 US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Serv, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Nature Conservancy, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Interior, SD 57750 USA. US Forest Serv, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. US Forest Serv, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. US Forest Serv, Douglas, WY 82633 USA. RP Samson, FB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM FSamson@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 986 EP 999 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 765TG UT WOS:000188299100008 ER PT J AU Ruth, TK Smith, DW Haroldson, MA Buotte, PC Schwartz, CC Quigley, HB Cherry, S Murphy, KM Tyers, D Frey, K AF Ruth, TK Smith, DW Haroldson, MA Buotte, PC Schwartz, CC Quigley, HB Cherry, S Murphy, KM Tyers, D Frey, K TI Large-carnivore response to recreational big-game hunting along the Yellowstone National Park and Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness boundary SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; carnivores; Cervus elaphus; cougar; elk; grizzly bear; hunting; Puma concolor; Ursus arctos; wolves; Yellowstone National Park ID GRIZZLY BEARS; WOLF; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; PANTHERS; MONTANA; COUGARS; FLORIDA; WOLVES; ELK AB The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem contains the rare combination of an intact guild of native large carnivores, their prey, and differing land management policies (National Park versus National Forest; no hunting versus hunting). Concurrent field studies on large carnivores allowed us to investigate activities of humans and carnivores on Yellowstone National Park's (YNP) northern boundary. Prior to and during the backcountry big-game hunting season, we monitored movements of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), wolves (Canis lupus), and cougars (Puma concolor) on the northern boundary of YNP. Daily aerial telemetry locations (September 1999), augmented with weekly telemetry locations (August and October 1999), were obtained for 3 grizzly bears, 7 wolves in 2 groups of I pack, and 3 cougars in 1 family group. Grizzly bears were more likely located inside the YNP boundary during the pre-hunt period and north of the boundary once hunting began. The cougar family tended to be found outside YNP during the pre-hunt period and moved inside YNP when hunting began. Wolves did not significantly change their movement patterns during the pre-hunt and hunting periods. Qualitative information on elk (Cervus elaphus) indicated they moved into YNP once hunting started, suggesting that cougars followed living prey or responded to hunting activity, grizzly bears focused on dead prey (e.g., gut piles, crippled elk), and wolves may have taken advantage of both. Measures of association (Jacob's Index) were positive within carnivore species but inconclusive among species. Further collaborative research and the use of new technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry collars will advance our ability to understand these species, the carnivore community and its interactions, and human influences on carnivores. C1 Wildlife Inst Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Mammoth, WY 82910 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Team, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, Gardiner, MT 59030 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Pks, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Quigley, HB (reprint author), Wildlife Inst Wildlife Conservat Soc, 2023 Stadium Dr,Suite 1A, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM truth@wcs.org NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1161 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 765TG UT WOS:000188299100028 ER PT J AU Conner, RN Johnson, RH Rudolph, DC Saenz, D AF Conner, RN Johnson, RH Rudolph, DC Saenz, D TI Do red-cockaded woodpeckers select cavity trees based on chemical composition of pine resin? SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINES; RAT SNAKES; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; GRAND FIR; SCOLYTIDAE; OLEORESIN; 4-ALLYLANISOLE; MONOTERPENES; MORTALITY AB We examined resin chemistry of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pines selected as cavity trees by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borcalis) in eastern Texas. We sampled resin from (1) pines selected by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers that contained naturally excavated active cavities, (2) pines selected by forest biologists that contained artificially installed cavity inserts and were actively being used by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, and (3) control pines of similar age and appearance to the active cavity trees. We hypothesized that if woodpeckers are inducing a change in resin chemistry by excavating resin wells, this change should appear in active cavity trees selected by woodpeckers and trees selected by biologists, but not in control pines. If woodpeckers are selecting pines that have specific resin chemistry, concentrations of some resin components in active cavity trees selected by the woodpeckers for natural cavity excavation should be different from both control pines and pines selected by biologists. A large diterpene acid peak containing an isopimaric-levopimaric-palustric methyl-ester mix in active natural cavity trees was approximately 20% greater than controls and 22% greater than trees with artificial cavities. None of the other eight resin chemicals differed among treatments. The activity of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers at resin wells did not appear to affect the composition of cavity tree resin. Woodpeckers, however, may select pines with specific resin chemistries for cavity trees. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, USFS So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Medaille Coll, Dept Math & Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Conner, RN (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, USFS So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 115 IS 4 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1676/03-032 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 817AJ UT WOS:000221150100007 ER PT J AU Hester, PY Shea-Moore, M AF Hester, PY Shea-Moore, M TI Beak trimming egg-laying strains of chickens SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE beak trimming; chickens; egg-type strains; stress; behaviour; production; neural transmission; cannibalism ID WHITE LEGHORN PULLETS; MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINATION; MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; DAY-OLD DEBEAKING; BODY-WEIGHT; LAYER PERFORMANCE; GENETIC STOCKS; FEED EFFICIENCIES; NEUROMA FORMATION; TONIC IMMOBILITY AB Bird behaviour, production, physiological measurements of stress, and pain as indicated by neural transmission in, and anatomy of the trimmed beak have been used as criteria to determine if beak trimming compromises bird well being. In addition, the welfare of those hens that are pecked by beak-intact hens has been evaluated. The welfare of a flock is assessed by mortality, incidence of cannibalism, feathering, and flock behaviour such as fearfulness or nervousness. Disadvantages of beak trimming include short-term and perhaps long-term pain, and short-term stress following beak trimming. Because feeding behaviour must adapt to a new beak form, a bird's ability to consume feed is impaired following beak trimming. Welfare advantages include reduced pecking, feather pulling, and cannibalism; better feather condition; less fearfulness and nervousness; less chronic stress; and decreased mortality. It appears that the welfare disadvantages are applicable to individual birds whose beaks are trimmed, while the welfare advantages are more applicable to the interactive flock. Behavioural evidence suggests that primary breeders of egg laying strains can select for more docile birds and minimize the need to beak trim. Therefore, using genetic stocks that require little or no beak trimming is the most desirable approach. However, under certain management systems (e.g., exposure to high intensity natural lighting) and with some genetic stocks, beak trimming is needed to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism. When employed, beak trimming should be conducted at 10 days of age or younger by trained personnel. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hester, PY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 108 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 32 PU WORLDS POULTRY SCI ASSOC PI BEEKBERGEN PA CENTRE APPLIED POULTRY RES, HET SPELDERHOLT, POSTBUS 31, 7360 AA BEEKBERGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 IS 4 BP 458 EP 474 DI 10.1079/WPS20030029 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 756MQ UT WOS:000187483900005 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Nickeson, JE Davis, P Wang, YJ Tian, YH Woodcock, CE Shabanov, N Hansen, M Cohen, WB Oetter, DR Kennedy, RE AF Morisette, JT Nickeson, JE Davis, P Wang, YJ Tian, YH Woodcock, CE Shabanov, N Hansen, M Cohen, WB Oetter, DR Kennedy, RE TI High spatial resolution satellite observations for validation of MODIS land products: IKONOS observations acquired under the NASA Scientific Data Purchase SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; IKONOS; NASA ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; KM AVHRR DATA; LAI PRODUCT; MISR DATA; ALGORITHM; FRACTION; SURFACE; MODELS AB Phase II of the Scientific Data Purchase (SDP) has provided NASA investigators access to data from four different satellite and airborne data sources. the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) land discipline team (MODLAND) sought to utilize these data in support of land product validation activities with a focus on the EOS Land Validation Core Sites. These sites provide a globally distributed network of sites where field, aircraft, and satellite data are being collected. As much as possible, uniform data sets useful for validation are being made available for the core sites. The globally consistent, high-resolution imagery available from IKONOS are being used for their geolocation accuracy and ability to characterize the landscape at the 1- to 4-m spatial resolution. This paper provides an overview of the MODIS Land Team's validation strategy to incorporate high-resolution imagery and presents three case studies as examples of the use of IKONOS data for MODIS land validation activities. We conclude that the globally consistent data from IKONOS, available through NASA's SDP, have supplied critical validation data sets at a reasonable cost. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 30 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.04.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 751QM UT WOS:000187078500009 ER PT J AU Hurtt, G Xiao, XM Keller, M Palace, M Asner, GP Braswell, R Brondizio, ES Cardoso, M Carvalho, CJR Fearon, MG Guild, L Hagen, S Hetrick, S Moore, B Nobre, C Read, JM Sa, T Schloss, A Vourlitis, G Wickel, AJ AF Hurtt, G Xiao, XM Keller, M Palace, M Asner, GP Braswell, R Brondizio, ES Cardoso, M Carvalho, CJR Fearon, MG Guild, L Hagen, S Hetrick, S Moore, B Nobre, C Read, JM Sa, T Schloss, A Vourlitis, G Wickel, AJ TI IKONOS imagery for the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE IKONOS; remote sensing; spatial heterogeneity; land use; land cover; LBA ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; CANOPY STRUCTURE; RAIN-FOREST; AVHRR DATA; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; DEFORESTATION; ESTUARY; LANDSAT; BRAZIL AB The LBA-ECO program is one of several international research components under the Brazilian-led Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). The field-oriented research activities of this study are organized along transects and include a set of primary field sites, where the major objective is to study land-use change and ecosystem dynamics, and a smaller set of 15 operational eddy flux tower sites, where the major objective is to quantify net exchange Of CO2 with the atmosphere. To supplement these studies and help to address issues of fine-scale spatial heterogeneity and scaling, high-resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS, 1-4 m) have been acquired over some of these study sites. This paper begins with a description of the acquisition strategy and IKONOS holdings for LBA. This section is followed with a review of some of the most promising new applications of these data in LBA. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Indiana Univ, Anthropol Ctr Training & Res Global Environm Chan, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. CPTEC, INPE, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. Syracuse Univ, Maxwell Sch, Dept Geog, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Calif State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. Univ Bonn, Dept Ecol & Resource Management, Ctr Dev Res, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. RP Hurtt, G (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Cardoso, Manoel/0000-0003-2447-6882 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 30 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.04.004 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 751QM UT WOS:000187078500010 ER PT J AU Spiegelstein, O Lu, XF Le, XC Troen, A Selhub, J Melnyk, S James, SJ Finnell, RH AF Spiegelstein, O Lu, XF Le, XC Troen, A Selhub, J Melnyk, S James, SJ Finnell, RH TI Effects of dietary folate intake and folate binding protein-1 (Folbp1) on urinary speciation of sodium arsenate in mice SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; biotransformation; detoxification; excretion; folate deficiency; folic acid ID ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; RAT-KIDNEY; TOXICITY; ARSENITE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; INHIBITION; METABOLISM AB In most mammalian species, arsenic biotransformation occurs primarily by biomethylation with dimethylarsinic acid being the predominant metabolite excreted in the urine. Folbp1 (folate binding protein-1) mediated intracellular folate uptake is one route by which cells harvest folate cofactors. In light of the likely relationship between folate biochemistry and arsenic biotransformation. our experiments were designed to test: (1) whether Folbp1 is an important determinant in arsenic biotransformation, by performing urinary arsenic speciation in Folbp1 nullizygous (Folbp1(-/-)) and wildtype control mice, and (2) whether dietary folate deficiency alters arsenic biotransformation in these mice. Compared to normal folate intake, folate deficiency caused lower amounts of arsenic to be excreted in the urine of both the wildtype controls and Folbp1(-/-) mice. Folbp1(-/-) mice excreted more dimethylarsinic acid than wildtype control mice during folate deficiency, but not during normal folate intake. The present data suggest that inadequate folate intake may result in decreased biotransformation and excretion of arsenic, which is likely to increase arsenic exposure and related toxicities. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, Inst Biosci & Technol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab & Neurocognit Labs, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Spiegelstein, O (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, Inst Biosci & Technol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 09106, ES 04917, ES 11775] NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2003 VL 145 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00307-2 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 742EM UT WOS:000186503800008 PM 14581169 ER PT J AU Cai, ZC Sawamoto, T Li, CS Kang, GD Boonjawat, J Mosier, A Wassmann, R Tsuruta, H AF Cai, ZC Sawamoto, T Li, CS Kang, GD Boonjawat, J Mosier, A Wassmann, R Tsuruta, H TI Field validation of the DNDC model for greenhouse gas emissions in East Asian cropping systems SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE global change; methane; nitrous oxide; CH4; N2O; NO ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CROP/SOIL SIMULATION-MODEL; ASSESS METHANE EMISSIONS; PROCESS-ORIENTED MODEL; N2O EMISSIONS; RICE FIELDS; FOREST SOILS; GIS TECHNIQUES; PADDY FIELDS; CARBON AB [ 1] Validations of the DeNitrification- DeComposition ( DNDC) model against field data sets of trace gases ( CH4, N2O, and NO) emitted from cropping systems in Japan, China, and Thailand were conducted. The model- simulated results were in agreement with seasonal N2O emissions from a lowland soil in Japan from 1995 to 2000 and seasonal CH4 emissions from rice fields in China, but failed to simulate N2O and NO emissions from an Andisol in Japan as well as NO emissions from the lowland soil. Seasonal CH4 emissions from rice cropping systems in Thailand were poorly simulated because of site- specific soil conditions and rice variety. For all of the simulated cases, the model satisfactorily simulated annual variations of greenhouse gas emissions from cropping systems and effects of land management. However, discrepancies existed between the modeled and observed seasonal patterns of CH4 and N2O emissions. By incorporating modifications based on the local soil properties and management, DNDC model could become a powerful tool for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial ecosystems. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Urban & Resource Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Chulalongkorn Univ, SE Asian START Reg Ctr, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Cai, ZC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, POB 821, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Tsuruta, Haruo/M-7657-2014 NR 50 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV 29 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 AR 1107 DI 10.1029/2003GB002046 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 749QT UT WOS:000186940900001 ER PT J AU Saleska, SR Miller, SD Matross, DM Goulden, ML Wofsy, SC da Rocha, HR de Camargo, PB Crill, P Daube, BC de Freitas, HC Hutyra, L Keller, M Kirchhoff, V Menton, M Munger, JW Pyle, EH Rice, AH Silva, H AF Saleska, SR Miller, SD Matross, DM Goulden, ML Wofsy, SC da Rocha, HR de Camargo, PB Crill, P Daube, BC de Freitas, HC Hutyra, L Keller, M Kirchhoff, V Menton, M Munger, JW Pyle, EH Rice, AH Silva, H TI Carbon in amazon forests: Unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; EL-NINO; DIOXIDE UPTAKE; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; STORAGE; TREE; CO2; VARIABILITY AB The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was measured by eddy covariance methods for 3 years in two old-growth forest sites near Santarem, Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth and model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3 (confidence interval: 0.0 to 2.0) megagrams of carbon per hectare per year. Biometric observations confirmed the net loss but imply that it is a transient effect of recent disturbance superimposed on long-term balance. Given that episodic disturbances are characteristic of old-growth forests, it is likely that carbon sequestration is lower than has been inferred from recent eddy covariance studies at undisturbed sites. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Atmospher Sci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, Brazil. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Saleska, SR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Freitas, Helber/D-3293-2012; Camargo, Plinio/D-6635-2012; Silva, Hudson/D-1564-2013; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 45 TC 381 Z9 402 U1 14 U2 112 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5650 BP 1554 EP 1557 DI 10.1126/science.1091165 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747JV UT WOS:000186802200040 PM 14645845 ER PT J AU Cao, X Mohamed, A Gordon, SH Willett, JL Sessa, DJ AF Cao, X Mohamed, A Gordon, SH Willett, JL Sessa, DJ TI DSC study of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PLA; PHEE; blends; miscibility; thermal properties AB DSC heating-cooling cycles (0-200 degreesC) were repeated on poly(lactic acid)/poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PLA/PHEE) blends to study the miscibility of the two polymers. Initial thermograms show two distinguishable T-g values corresponding to the respective neat polymers, accompanied by a crystallization and a melting peak for the PLA. Subsequent DSC runs show that the thermogram profiles depend on the number of heating-cooling cycles the blends are subjected to. As the number of cycles increases, T-g.PLA and T-g.PHEE shift toward each other and eventually merge into a single T-g, while DeltaH(c) and DeltaH(m) of PLA increase to maximum values then decrease to zero. It is concluded that after repeated heating-cooling cycles, PLA and PHEE achieve mixing on a molecular level, i.e. PLA and PHEE are miscible. The number of cycles needed to reach a single T-g, maximum DeltaH and zero DeltaH, are dependent on blend composition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. NR 11 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00252-1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 739YH UT WOS:000186374000012 ER PT J AU Stanek, JF Stich, RW Dubey, JP Reed, SM Njoku, CJ Lindsay, DS Schmall, LM Johnson, GK LaFave, BM Saville, WJA AF Stanek, JF Stich, RW Dubey, JP Reed, SM Njoku, CJ Lindsay, DS Schmall, LM Johnson, GK LaFave, BM Saville, WJA TI Epidemiology of Sarcocystis neurona infections in domestic cats (Felis domesticus) and its association with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) case farms and feral cats from a mobile spay and neuter clinic SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; domestic cats; Felis domesticus; opossums; sporocysts ID OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; INTERMEDIATE HOST; ANTIBODIES; TRANSMISSION; SPOROCYSTS; PREVALENCE; HORSES; MICE AB Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious neurologic disease in the horse most commonly caused by Sarcocystis neurona. The domestic cat (Felis domesticus) is an intermediate host for S. neurona. In the present study, nine farms, known to have prior clinically diagnosed cases of EPM and a resident cat population were identified and sampled accordingly. In addition to the farm cats sampled, samples were also collected from a mobile spay and neuter clinic. Overall, serum samples were collected in 2001 from 3 10 cats, with samples including barn, feral and inside/outside cats. Of these 310 samples, 35 were from nine horse farms. Horse serum samples were also collected and traps were set for opossums at each of the farms. The S. neurona direct agglutination test (SAT) was used for both the horse and cat serum samples (1:25 dilution). Fourteen of 35 (40%) cats sampled from horse farms had circulating S. neurona agglutinating antibodies. Twenty-seven of the 275 (10%) cats from the spay/neuter clinic also had detectable S. neurona antibodies. Overall, H 5 of 123 (93%) horses tested positive for anti-S. neurona antibodies, with each farm having greater than a 75% exposure rate among sampled horses. Twenty-one opossums were trapped on seven of the nine farms. Eleven opossums had Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts, six of them were identified as S. neurona sporocysts based on bioassays in gamma-interferon gene knockout mice with each opossum representing a different farm. Demonstration of S. neurona agglutinating antibodies in domestic and feral cats corroborates previous research demonstrating feral cats to be naturally infected, and also suggests that cats can be frequently infected with S. neurona and serve as one of several natural intermediate hosts for S. neurona. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Mol & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathiobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NOMAD, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. RP Saville, WJA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; Stich, Roger/0000-0002-9749-2034 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 4 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.09.002 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 750UL UT WOS:000187016800001 PM 14637026 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GM AF Ludwig, GM TI Tank culture of larval sunshine bass, Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) x M-saxatilis (Walbaum), at three feeding levels SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sunshine bass; tank culture; fry; rotifers ID FINGERLING STRIPED BASS; ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; REARING PONDS; WHITE BASS; FISH; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; AMMONIA; RATION AB Sunshine bass, a hybrid of female white bass Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) and male striped bass M. saxatilis (Walbaum), fingerling production occurs almost exclusively in ponds. To increase production and maintain year-round production in temperate climates, indoor tank culture is required. While tank production of fingerlings has been demonstrated, little is known about feeding requirements. Sunshine bass larvae, stocked at 75 L-1 in 100 L of brackish water, were fed sequentially with rotifers Brachionus plicatilis cultured with a Nannochloropis algae paste and enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids, decapsulated Artemia nauplii, and a microencapsulated commercial diet. The larvae in one treatment (three replicates) were initially fed rotifers at a daily rate of 20 mL(-1), then nauplii at an initial rate of 2 mL(-1), and then the commercial diet at 1 g. Larvae in two other treatments received two and three times as much food daily. The highest feeding rate resulted in a survival (52.9%) that was significantly higher than the survival rate (22.4%) of larvae fed the least. The total biomass produced was the highest in the treatment receiving the most food. The lowest feeding rate produced the least fish, but they were the heaviest. The intermediate feeding rate produced the shortest fish (11.3 mm). C1 ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Ludwig, GM (reprint author), ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 14 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00937.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 747JQ UT WOS:000186801800005 ER PT J AU Roelofs, WL Rooney, AP AF Roelofs, WL Rooney, AP TI Molecular genetics and evolution of pheromone biosynthesis in Lepidoptera SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Chemical Communication in a Post-Genomic World CY JAN 17-19, 2003 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Roelofs, WL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 100 SU 2 BP 14599 EP 14599 DI 10.1073/pnas.1233767100 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 751GL UT WOS:000187044400017 PM 16576755 ER PT J AU Ogawa, Y Glenn, GA Orts, WJ Wood, DF AF Ogawa, Y Glenn, GA Orts, WJ Wood, DF TI Histological structures of cooked rice grain SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rice; rice histology; cooked rice; grains; fluorescence; microscopy ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION; TEXTURE; KERNEL AB Raw and cooked whole grain sections of milled, medium grain California rice were compared for gross histological and morphological features using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cooked and raw grains were compared and the differences were assessed by autofluorescence of the cell walls and correlating fluorescence to SEM images. Milled, raw grains contain fine cracks throughout the endosperm. Cooked grains have wider, more defined cracks, suggesting that they serve as channels for water migration into the grain during cooking. Water penetrates unequally into the grain during cooking: low water penetration produces dense regions with minimal starch gelatinization, and high water penetration produces large voided areas. The voids occur in the transverse orientation of the grain and are the main of cause grain expansion during cooking. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wood, DF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 24 BP 7019 EP 7023 DI 10.1021/jf034758o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 743NT UT WOS:000186580100018 PM 14611164 ER PT J AU Park, SH Bean, SR AF Park, SH Bean, SR TI Investigation and optimization of the factors influencing sorghum protein extraction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; protein extraction; detergent ID BICOLOR L MOENCH; GRAIN-SORGHUM; KAFIRINS; MAIZE; QUANTITATION; FRACTIONATION; WEIGHT AB To optimize the extraction of sorghum proteins, several variables were examined: sample-to-solvent ratio, detergent type and concentration, reducing agent type and concentration, extraction time, and buffer pH and concentration. Samples were quantified and characterized by RP-HPLC, FZCE, and nitrogen analysis. These studies revealed that pH, detergent type, reducing agent type, and sample-to-solvent ratio all had significant effects on the levels of protein extracted. Increasing SIDS concentration (2%) and solvent-to-flour ratio (20:1) with multiple 5 min extracts reduced extraction time by 35-80% while still extracting the same levels of total protein relative to the control methodology. Reproducibility using the multiple extractions was found to be excellent with relative standard deviations of <2% for consecutive extractions. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 24 BP 7050 EP 7054 DI 10.1021/jf034533d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 743NT UT WOS:000186580100024 PM 14611170 ER PT J AU Zheng, YH Wang, CY Wang, SY Zheng, W AF Zheng, YH Wang, CY Wang, SY Zheng, W TI Effect of high-oxygen atmospheres on blueberry phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE blueberry; high-oxygen atmospheres; antioxidant; phenolics; anthocyanins ID RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; SUPERATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; STORAGE; QUALITY; VEGETABLES; TEMPERATURE AB The influence of high oxygen concentrations on total phenolic, total anthocyanin, individual phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity (measured as oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) in highbush blueberry fruit (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Duke) was investigated. Freshly harvested blueberries were placed in jars ventilated continuously with air or with 40, 60, 80, or 100% O-2 at 5 degreesC for up to 35 days. Samples were taken initially and at 7-day intervals during storage. Whereas the quality parameters of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and surface color were only slightly affected by the superatmospheric O-2 treatments, the antioxidant levels were markedly increased by 60-100% O-2 treatments as compared with 40% O-2 treatment or air control during 35 days of storage. Elevated O-2 between 60 and 100% also promoted increases of total phenolics and total anthocyanins as well as the individual phenolic compounds analyzed by HPLC. Fruit treated with O-2 concentrations of 60% also exhibited significantly less decay. Data obtained in this study suggest that high-oxygen treatments may improve the antioxidant capacity of blueberry fruit. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity may be correlated with total phenolic and anthocyanin contents in blueberries. C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 53 TC 79 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 24 BP 7162 EP 7169 DI 10.1021/jf030440k PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 743NT UT WOS:000186580100042 PM 14611188 ER PT J AU Lee, KG Shibamoto, T Takeoka, GR Lee, SE Kim, JH Park, BS AF Lee, KG Shibamoto, T Takeoka, GR Lee, SE Kim, JH Park, BS TI Inhibitory effects of plant-derived flavonoids and phenolic acids on malonaldehyde formation from ethyl arachidonate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE natural antioxidants; flavonoids; lipid peroxidation; malonaldehyde ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT; MALONDIALDEHYDE; RADICALS AB The antioxidant activities of naturally occurring plant compounds were measured in a lipid peroxidation system consisting of ethyl arachidonate and Fenton's reagent. Inhibitory effects of 24 plant-derived flavonoids and 5 phenolic acids on malonaldehyde (MA) formation from ethyl arachidonate were examined using gas chromatography (GC) with a nitrogen -phosphorus detector (NPD). Luteolin, which showed the strongest antioxidant activity, inhibited MA formation by 94% and 97% at the levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mM, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the flavones and flavonols decreased in the following order: luteolin > rhamnetin > fisetin > kaempferol > morin > quercetin. Among the flavanones tested, hesperitin, taxifolin, and naringenin exhibited appreciable antioxidant activities (61-84%) at the 1.0 mM level. The inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate (82.5% at the 1.0 mM level) was the strongest among the flavan-3-ols tested. Ferulic acid had the most potent antioxidant activity (74.6% at the 1.0 mM level) of the phenolic acids tested. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Dongguk Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Park, BS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Bldg 200-7103,San 56-1,Shillim Dong, Seoul 151742, South Korea. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 24 BP 7203 EP 7207 DI 10.1021/jf0345447 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 743NT UT WOS:000186580100048 PM 14611194 ER PT J AU Roth, MJ Baer, DJ Albert, PS Castonguay, TW Dorgan, JF Dawsey, SM Brown, ED Hartman, TJ Campbell, WS Giffen, CA Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Roth, MJ Baer, DJ Albert, PS Castonguay, TW Dorgan, JF Dawsey, SM Brown, ED Hartman, TJ Campbell, WS Giffen, CA Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Relationship between serum leptin levels and alcohol consumption in a controlled feeding and alcohol ingestion study SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GROWTH-FACTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BODY-COMPOSITION; PROSTATE-CANCER; INSULIN; POPULATION; SECRETION; SMOKING AB We examined serum leptin levels in a controlled feeding and alcohol ingestion study to elucidate potential mechanisms by which alcohol may affect cancer and immunologically related health risks. A total of 53 healthy, nonsmoking postmenopausal women completed a random-order, three-period crossover design study in which each woman received zero (0 g of alcohol), one (15 g of alcohol), or two (30 g alcohol) drinks per day. After accounting for differences in body mass index, women who consumed 15 or 30 g of alcohol per day had 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0% to 15.1%) and 8.9% (95% CI = 1.6% to 16.7%) higher serum leptin levels, respectively (P-trend =.018), than women who consumed 0 g of alcohol per day. Younger women (i.e., 49-54 years) demonstrated a statistically significantly larger association of alcohol consumption level with the increase in serum leptin levels than older women (i.e., 55-79 years) (24.4%, 95 % CI = 9.3 % to 42.0 % versus 3.7 %, 95 % CI = - 4.1 % to 12.1 % increase in serum leptin levels for 30 g of alcohol per day relative to 0 g of alcohol per day for the lowest age quartile compared with the three highest age quartiles combined; P =.022). These results indicate that moderate alcohol consumption (15-30 g of alcohol per day) increases serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women and may predispose moderate drinkers to the morbidities associated with chronic elevations of this hormone including cancer. C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Roth, MJ (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, 6116 Execut Blvd,Ste 705,MSC 8314, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Castonguay, Thomas/0000-0003-1176-5095 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 22 BP 1722 EP 1725 DI 10.1093/jnci/djg090 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747JF UT WOS:000186800900014 PM 14625264 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT Fettig, CJ Otrosina, WJ Dalusky, MJ Berisford, CW AF Sullivan, BT Fettig, CJ Otrosina, WJ Dalusky, MJ Berisford, CW TI Association between severity of prescribed burns and subsequent activity of conifer-infesting beetles in stands of longleaf pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; buprestidae; curculionidae; scolytidae; prescribed fire; semiochemicals ID BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE; PACHYLOBIUS-PICIVORUS COLEOPTERA; HYLASTES-NIGRINUS COLEOPTERA; SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON; STAIN ROOT DISEASE; BARK BEETLES; FOREST COLEOPTERA; DOUGLAS-FIR; SCOLYTIDAE; ETHANOL AB A randomized complete block experiment was performed to measure the effect of prescribed, dormant-season bums of three different levels of severity (measured as fuel consumption and soil surface heating) on subsequent insect infestation and mortality of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Multiple-funnel traps baited with a low release rate of turpentine and ethanol were used to monitor activity of certain coniferophagous beetles. Non-aggressive species, including the root beetles Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff and H. tenuis Eichhoff, the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus pubescens Zimmermann, the reproduction weevil Pachylobius picivorus (Germar), and buprestid borers, were attracted to burned plots in numbers that correlated positively with burn severity. Beetle attraction to burned sites was greatest in the first weeks post-burn and disappeared by the second year. Two potential tree-killing bark beetles, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), were trapped in significant numbers but exhibited no attraction to burned plots. Tree mortality correlated significantly with the severity of the burns and amounted to 5% of stems in the hottest burn treatment after 3 years. The majority of the mortality was observed in the second and third years post-burn. Attacks of Ips and Dendroctonus bark beetles were apparent on nearly all dead or dying trees, and evidence suggested that root pathogens may have contributed to tree susceptibility to beetle attack and mortality. Our data indicate that selection of burn regimes that reduce or eliminate consumption of duff (e.g., favoring heading fires over backing fires) could significantly reduce mortality of longleaf pine managed for long rotations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM briansullivan@fs.fed.us NR 82 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 185 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00223-8 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 742UK UT WOS:000186536300009 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Wong, K Hasjim, J Pollak, LM Duvick, S Jane, J White, PJ AF Ji, Y Wong, K Hasjim, J Pollak, LM Duvick, S Jane, J White, PJ TI Structure and function of starch from advanced generations of new corn lines SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE maize starch; corn starch; starch structure; starch function; starch thermal properties; starch granules; weight-average molecular weight; starch branch-chain length ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; MAIZE STARCH; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATINIZATION; RETROGRADATION; SIZE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PASTE AB Objectives of this research were to evaluate functions and structures of starches from exotic X adapted inbred lines and exotic lines, to confirm that the functional traits continue into the next generation of inbreeding, and to establish relationships between the fine structure and functional properties of the starches. Several lines were characterized from the successive generations of exotic crosses and exotic inbreds containing kernels with unusual, and potentially useful, thermal properties as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, gelatinization onset temperature < 60 degreesC or range of gelatinization temperature > 14 degreesC). The frequency of these traits increased with succeeding generations, when selection of the plants was based on the desired trait. Strong correlations were found between DSC and Rapid ViscoAnalyser properties and the granular structure (granular size distribution and branch-chain-length distribution of amylopectin). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Hasjim, Jovin/A-7228-2011 OI Hasjim, Jovin/0000-0001-5162-9456 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 54 IS 3 BP 305 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00181-4 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 733CK UT WOS:000185982200004 ER PT J AU Byars, JA Fanta, GF Felker, FC AF Byars, JA Fanta, GF Felker, FC TI The effect of cooling conditions on jet-cooked normal corn starch dispersions SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE steam jet cooking; complex formation; phase contrast microscopy; rheology ID MAIZE STARCH; AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN; COOKING AB When aqueous dispersions of normal corn starch are jet-cooked under excess steam conditions, the properties of the final product depend on the manner in which the cooked dispersion is cooled. Phase separation of amylose and amylopectin dramatically alters the final properties, and the extent of phase separation depends on the processing history of the sample. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cooling rate, stirring rate and starch concentration on the rheology and microstructure of the cooled dispersion. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to obtain a range of cooling profiles and stirring rates. Rheological measurements showed that samples that were stirred during cooling formed stronger gels than unstirred samples. Light microscopy revealed that after cooling, both irregular, amorphous particles and spherical or toroidal crystalline particles were observed in various proportions depending on starch concentration, cooling rate and stirring during cooling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM byarsja@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 54 IS 3 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00186-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 733CK UT WOS:000185982200005 ER PT J AU Guo, MX Yates, SR Zheng, W Papiernik, SK AF Guo, MX Yates, SR Zheng, W Papiernik, SK TI Leaching potential of persistent soil fumigant residues SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; TRANSPORT AB Persistent fumigant residues in soil resulting from agricultural pest-control practices may be released into water and leached to groundwater. In this study, the leaching potential of persistent soil fumigant residues was evaluated, and the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) amendment was investigated. A silt loam soil was incubated separately with the fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) at 240-990 mg kg(-1) for 35 d, followed by 48 h of evaporation. The soil was packed into stainless steel columns (1.4 cm x 10 cm) and leached with water, 5 mM ATS, and DOM solution (DOC 250 mg L-1) by gravity. Residues of 1,3-D, CP, and MITC in the evaporated soil were 5.61, 11.38, and 1.83 mg kg(-1), respectively. Concentrations of 1,3-D, CP, and MITC in column effluents ranged from 0.05 to 0.73, 0.16 to 0.81, and 0.05 to 0.27 mg L-1, respectively, when the soil was leached with 10 pore volumes of water. DOM did not promote the leaching of persistent fumigant residues, and ATS remarkably reduced the amount of 1,3-D and CP yet notably increased MITC recovered in the effluents. The results suggest that the leaching of persistent fumigant residues through soil to water is significant, and movement of fumigants in soil is not facilitated by DOM. Amending soil with ATS through irrigation is an effective method to remove persistent residues of halogenated fumigants. To reduce groundwater pollution risks posed by fumigation, persistent soil fumigant residues have to be considered. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Guo, MX (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI 任, 飞羽/B-7911-2009 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5181 EP 5185 DI 10.1021/es0344112 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743YN UT WOS:000186601300014 PM 14655705 ER PT J AU Springer, GS Wohl, EE Foster, JA Boyer, DG AF Springer, GS Wohl, EE Foster, JA Boyer, DG TI Testing for reach-scale adjustments of hydraulic variables to soluble and insoluble strata: Buckeye Creek and Greenbrier River, West Virginia SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bedrock incision; channel hydraulics; karst; fluvial processes ID BEDROCK CHANNEL INCISION; PROFILE DEVELOPMENT; AUSTRALIA; MORPHOLOGY/; SEDIMENT; EROSION; MODEL; GORGE; POWER; CAVE AB An open question exists as to whether channel geometries and hydraulics are adjusted in bedrock streams with stable, concave profiles in a manner analogous to alluvial rivers. As a test of this problem, a comparison was undertaken of channel geometries and hydraulics among reaches with substrates that are of high mechanical resistance, but of variable chemical resistance. Reaches were selected from Buckeye Creek and Greenbrier River, West Virginia, USA because these streams flow over sandstones, limestones, and shales. The limestones have Selby rock resistance scores similar to those of the sandstones. A total of 13 reaches consisting of between 6 and 26 cross sections were surveyed in the streams. HEC-RAS was used to estimate unit stream power (omega) and shear stress (tau) for each reach. The reaches were selected to evaluate the null hypothesis that that omega and tau are equal atop soluble versus insoluble bedrock. Hypothesis tests consisted of paired t-tests and simultaneous, multiple comparisons. Geomorphic setting was included for Greenbrier River because previous studies have suggested that bedrock streams are intimately coupled with hillslopes. Holding geomorphic setting constant, three separate comparisons of omega and tau reveal that these variables are lowest atop soluble substrates in Greenbrier River (significance less than or equal to 0.05) and that changes in and tau are mediated by changes in channel geometry. Similarly, headwater reaches of Buckeye Creek developed atop shale and sandstone boulders are statistically distinguishable from downstream reaches wherein corrosion of limestone is the primary means of incision. However, comparisons in each stream reveal that channel geometries, omega and tau, are not strictly controlled by bed solubility. For constant substrate solubility along the Greenbrier River, omega and tau are consistently higher where a bedrock cutbank is present or coarse, insoluble sediment enters the channel. The latter is also associated with locally high values of omega and tau in Buckeye Creek. Assuming that incision by corrosion requires lower values of omega and tau because the channel need not be adjusted for block detachment and tool acceleration, we posit that the statistically lower values of omega and tau are tentative evidence in favor of differential geometric and hydraulic adjustments to substrate resistance. We observe that these adjustments are not made independent of geomorphic setting. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Springer, GS (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 316 Clippinger Hall, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM laramide@bedrockstreams.org RI Springer, Gregory/C-1395-2008 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00079-5 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 762JH UT WOS:000187968100013 ER PT J AU Roberts, DA Keller, M Soares, JV AF Roberts, DA Keller, M Soares, JV TI Studies of land-cover, land-use, and biophysical properties of vegetation in the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE LBA; Amazonia; Brazil; cerrado ID MONITORING SECONDARY VEGETATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TROPICAL FOREST; SATELLITE DATA; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RAIN-FOREST; JERS-1 SAR; AVHRR DATA; DEFORESTATION AB We summarize early research on land-cover, land-use, and biophysical properties of vegetation from the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere (LBA) experiment in Amazonia. LBA is an international research program developed to evaluate regional function and to determine how land-use and climate modify biological, chemical and physical processes there. Remote sensing has played a fundamental role in LBA in research planning, land-cover mapping and in long-term monitoring of changes in land-cover and land-use at multiple scales. This special issue includes 12 papers that cover a range in spatial scales from regional mapping to local scales that cover only a portion of a Landsat scene. Several themes dominate, including land-cover mapping with an emphasis on wetlands and second-growth forest, evaluation of pasture sustainability and forest degradation and the impact of land-cover change on stream chemistry. New techniques introduced include automated Monte Carlo unmixing (AutoMCU) and several new approaches for mapping land-cover. A diversity of sensors are utilized, including ETM+, IKONOS, SPOT-4, Airborne P-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and L-band SAR. Census data are fused with an existing land-cover map to generate spatially explicit estimates of land-use from historical data. Several papers include important, new field measures of species composition, forest structure and biomass in mature forest and secondary succession. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, OBT SERE, BR-12245970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Roberts, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, EH3611, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; SOARES, Joao/D-2576-2014 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; SOARES, Joao/0000-0003-3880-0006 NR 84 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 87 IS 4 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.08.012 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 747WA UT WOS:000186827400001 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Parcells, MS Xie, H Santin, E AF Rath, NC Parcells, MS Xie, H Santin, E TI Characterization of a spontaneously transformed chicken mononuclear cell line SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HTC cells; transformed macrophage; chicken ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DISTINCT PHENOTYPES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MUTANT MDV; INFECTION; ESTABLISHMENT; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB We describe the characterization of a spontaneously transformed chicken monocytic cell line that developed as a single colony of cells in a heterophil culture that was inadvertently left in the incubator over a period of 25 days. These cells, hitherto named HTC. grow efficiently at both 37 or 41 degreesC in culture medium containing either 5% FBS or 2% chicken serum. The HTC cells are acid phosphatase positive, show expressions of both class I and class 11 major histocompatibility complex (MHC), CD44, K1, and K55 cell surface antigens, and engulf latex beads, produce nitrite and interleukin-6 on stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces respiratory burst in HTC cells and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (NIMP) into culture medium. Using gene-specific primers and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the presence of mRNA trancripts for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6). nitric oxide synthase (NOS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were detected. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of HTC cells modulated IL-1, IL-6, IFN-7, NOS mRNA levels as detected by RT-PCR analyses. Using different avian tumor virus gene-specific primers and PCR, the HTC cells were positive for the presence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) but negative for reticuloendothelial virus (REV), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), and herpes virus of turkeys (HVT). The production of ALV antigens by HTC cells was further confirmed using p27 gag protein ELISA. Collectively, these results show that the HTC cells belong to myeloid/macrophage lineage and were likely transformed by ALV and MDV but retain many interesting and useful biological activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, PPPSRU,Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, PPPSRU,Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 49 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00143-0 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 733CX UT WOS:000185983300010 PM 14522138 ER PT J AU Czaja, K Kraeling, RR Barb, CR AF Czaja, K Kraeling, RR Barb, CR TI Are hypothalamic neurons transsynaptically connected to porcine adipose tissue? SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hypothalamus; leptin receptor; transsynaptic neural labeling; fat tissue; pig ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LEPTIN RECEPTOR; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; TRACING TECHNIQUE; GENE-EXPRESSION; WHITE FAT; RAT-BRAIN; BODY-FAT; INNERVATION; PIG AB Specific anatomical sites and pathways responsible for mediating metabolic and neuroendocrine effects of leptin are still poorly understood. Therefore, we examined distribution of leptin receptor-containing neurons transsynaptically connected with the porcine fat tissue by means of combined viral transneuronal tracing and immunohistochemical staining method. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was injected into the perirenal fat tissue in pigs, and after survival periods of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days, hypothalami were processed immunohistochemically with primary antisera against PRV and leptin receptor (OBR). PRV labeled neurons were found in paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), anterior hypothalamic area (AHA), preoptic area (PA), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and supraoptic nucleus (SON) by nine days after injection of the virus. Double-labeling immunofluorescence demonstrated that OBR were co-localized in nearly all virus-infected neurons. The present results provide the first morphological data demonstrating a multisynaptic circuit of neurons of CNS origin which innervates porcine fat tissue. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Warmia & Mazury Univ, Dept Anim Anat, Olsztyn, Poland. RP Kraeling, RR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM rkraelin@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X EI 1090-2104 J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 311 IS 2 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.026 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 743QB UT WOS:000186584100036 PM 14592440 ER PT J AU Jaenicke-Despres, V Buckler, ES Smith, BD Gilbert, MTP Cooper, A Doebley, J Paabo, S AF Jaenicke-Despres, V Buckler, ES Smith, BD Gilbert, MTP Cooper, A Doebley, J Paabo, S TI Early allelic selection in maize as revealed by ancient DNA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; PROLAMIN BOX; DOMESTICATION; STARCH; EVOLUTION; DETERMINANT; DOMINANCE; DIVERSITY; GENES AB Maize was domesticated from teosinte, a wild grass, by similar to6300 years ago in Mexico. After initial domestication, early farmers continued to select for advantageous morphological and biochemical traits in this important crop. However, the timing and sequence of character selection are, thus far, known only for morphological features discernible in corn cobs. We have analyzed three genes involved in the control of plant architecture, storage protein synthesis, and starch production from archaeological maize samples from Mexico and the southwestern United States. The results reveal that the alleles typical of contemporary maize were present in Mexican maize by 4400 years ago. However, as recently as 2000 years ago, allelic selection at one of the genes may not yet have been complete. C1 Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomol Ctr, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Paabo, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RI Cooper, Alan/E-8171-2012; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013 OI Cooper, Alan/0000-0002-7738-7851; Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195 NR 24 TC 136 Z9 146 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5648 BP 1206 EP 1208 DI 10.1126/science.1089056 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742XW UT WOS:000186544300053 PM 14615538 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Navarro, IT Graham, DH Dahl, E Freire, RL Prudencio, LB Sreekumar, C Vianna, MC Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Navarro, IT Graham, DH Dahl, E Freire, RL Prudencio, LB Sreekumar, C Vianna, MC Lehmann, T TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free range chickens from Parana, Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; isolation; genotyping; chickens; Gallus domesticus; Parana, Brazil ID CATS; INFECTION; GENOTYPE; OOCYSTS; SHEEP; PIGS; MICE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii in 40 free range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from a rural area surrounding Parana, Brazil was assessed. Blood, heart, and brain from each chicken were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) were found in 16 chickens. Hearts and brains of seropositive (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and brains of seronegative (MAT < 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in two T. gondii-free cats (12 chickens per cat). T. gondii was isolated from 13 of 16 (81%) seropositive chickens. Of the two cats fed tissues pooled form seronegative chickens, one shed T. gondii oocysts. Nine of the 13 T. gondii isolates killed 100% of infected mice. The T. gondii isolate from the cat was also virulent for mice. Genotyping of 13 chicken isolates of T. gondii using the SAG2 locus indicated that seven isolates were type I and six were type III; three of these type III isolates killed all infected mice suggesting that all strains virulent for mice are not type I. The isolate from the feces of the cat fed chicken tissues was type I. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Vet Prevent Med, BR-86051990 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 22 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.vetar.2003.09.003 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 749DN UT WOS:000186903500007 PM 14630431 ER PT J AU Disney, WT Peters, MA AF Disney, WT Peters, MA TI Simulation modeling to derive the value-of-information for risky animal disease-import decisions SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE value-of-information; import risk analysis; economic decision criteria; simulation modeling; likelihood analysis; foreign animal disease ID MOUTH-DISEASE; HEALTH RISK; STRATEGIES AB Simulation modeling can be used in aiding decision-makers in deciding when to invest in additional research and when the risky animal disease-import decision should go forward. Simulation modeling to evaluate value-of-information (VOI) techniques provides a robust, objective and transparent framework for assisting decision-makers in making risky animal and animal product decisions. In this analysis, the hypothetical risk from poultry disease in chicken-meat imports was modeled. Economic criteria were used to quantify alternative confidence-increasing decisions regarding potential import testing and additional research requirements. In our hypothetical example, additional information about poultry disease in the exporting country (either by requiring additional export-flock surveillance that results in no sign of disease, or by conducting additional research into lack of disease transmittal through chicken-meat ingestion) captured >75% of the value-of-information attainable regarding the chicken-meat-import decision. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Disney, WT (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Room 2W05A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 61 IS 3 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.07.001 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 737EL UT WOS:000186217000002 PM 14554141 ER PT J AU Jung, HJG Lamb, JFS AF Jung, HJG Lamb, JFS TI Identification of lucerne stem cell wall traits related to in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lucerne; fibre digestibility; cell wall; Klason lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose; pectin ID DEGRADATION; TISSUES; ACCOMPLISHMENTS; POPULATIONS; IMPACT; LIGNIN; MAIZE AB Genetic improvement of forage digestibility, especially utilizing marker assisted selection and recombinant DNA techniques, requires identification of specific biochemical traits and associated genes that impact digestibility. We undertook a study to identify cell wall (CW) traits of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) stems that were consistently and strongly correlated with in vitro neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, a measurement that has been shown to correlate with animal performance. Spring and summer harvested lucerne stem material, for 2 years, from 24 individual plants in each of two germplasm sources were analyzed for 16 and 96 h in vitro NDF digestibility, and cell wall concentration and composition (monosaccharide constituents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin; and Klason lignin (KL)) by the Uppsala dietary fibre method using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the relationships among these cell wall traits and with in vitro NDF digestibility. Concentrations of the pectin monosaccharide components were all negatively correlated (r = -0.73 to -0.94) with total cell wall concentration. In contrast, the three most abundant cell wall components glucose (GIc), xylose (Xyl) and Klason lignin were not correlated, or only weakly positively correlated (r < 0.35), with cell wall concentration. Cell wall concentration was consistently negatively coffelated (r = -0.60 to -0.94) with both 16 and 96h in vitro NDF digestibility. In contrast, Klason lignin concentration was only marginally correlated (r < 0.30) with 16 h in vitro NDF digestibility, but strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.71 to -0.74) with 96 h in vitro NDF digestibility. This is consistent with previous reports which show that lignin affects potential extent of digestion, but not rate. Cell wall glucose and xylose concentrations were inconsistently correlated with fibre digestibility. The monosaccharide components of pectin were consistently positively correlated (r = 0.54-0.90) with in vitro NDF digestibility, except for 96 h in vitro NDF digestibility of spring harvested stems. Growth environment (year) and germplasm source had only minor impacts on the preceding correlation patterns, whereas spring versus summer harvests accounted for the inconsistencies observed among correlations for cell wall traits. The results of this study indicate that genetic improvement of fibre digestibility of lucerne stems should target genes that reduce total cell wall concentration, perhaps by reducing the rate of xylem tissue deposition during maturation, and reduce Klason lignin and increase pectin concentrations in the cell wall to improve potential extent and rate of fibre digestibility, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD NOV 11 PY 2003 VL 110 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.08.003 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 744PR UT WOS:000186641300002 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, YQ TI Spatial patterns of soil moisture connected to monthly-seasonal precipitation variability in a monsoon region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; precipitation; coupled patterns ID CLIMATE MODEL REGCM2; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAND-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL FEEDBACK; NORTH-AMERICA; SIMULATION; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; SCALES AB The relations between monthly-seasonal soil moisture and precipitation variability are investigated by identifying the coupled patterns of the two hydrological fields using singular value decomposition (SVD). SVD is a technique of principal component analysis similar to empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). However, it is applied to two variables simultaneously and is capable of extracting spatial patterns of one variable which are closely connected to variability of the other. Simulation is performed with a regional climate model to reproduce soil moisture and precipitation in east Asia. It is found that, of a number of leading soil moisture SVD patterns, those representing meridional anomalies have closer relationships to subsequent precipitation variability. The corresponding atmospheric variability is characterized by opposite anomalies between the middle and low troposphere and by comparable anomalies between the middle and low latitudes. These patterns occur more frequently during spring and summer. The time lag correlations of the SVD expansion series with soil moisture leading precipitation are much greater than those of the original data series and EOF expansion series, suggesting that predictability of monthly-seasonal precipitation variability could be improved by using soil moisture in the form of its coupled SVD patterns with precipitation. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D22 AR 8856 DI 10.1029/2002JD003124 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742GL UT WOS:000186509000001 ER PT J AU Chen, QC Li, BW AF Chen, QC Li, BW TI Separation of phytic acid and other related inositol phosphates by high-performance ion chromatography and its applications SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE retention mechanism; phytic acid; inositol phosphates; phytase; enzymes; phosphates ID MYOINOSITOL PHOSPHATES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROBIOLOGICAL ORIGIN; INTESTINAL CONTENTS; FOODS; ISOMERS; PHYTASE; HEXAPHOSPHATES; PRODUCTS; POLYPHOSPHATES AB A high-performance anion-exchange chromatographic method was developed for the separation of phytic acid and other inositol phosphates (myo-inositol bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, and pentakisphosphates) with gradient elution and ultraviolet absorbance detection after post-column derivatization. With the acidic eluents, the combination of anion-exchange and ion suppression retention mechanisms led to the separation of 35 inositol phosphates (excluding enantiomers) into 27 peaks for the first time, and the retention behaviors of all myo-inositol bis- to hexakisphosphate isomers were studied. The whole separation procedure was completed within 65 min. Based on the investigations of nonenzymatic hydrolysis of phytic acid under different conditions by using this method, an in-house reference standard solution was produced, which can be used for method development. In addition. by applying this method to in vitro kinetic studies, at least one new enzymatic hydrolysis pathway of phytic acid was found. and one rule of enzymatic dephosphorylation of inositol phosphates (position effect) was proposed and another one (neighboring effect) was confirmed. The principle of the proposed identification approach for several inositol phosphate isomers based on hydrolysis products study will be applicable to other natural products analysis, for which standards are very expensive or not available. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, QC (reprint author), 1754 39th St SW 202, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. NR 42 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 7 PY 2003 VL 1018 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.040 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 730YA UT WOS:000185856700005 PM 14582625 ER PT J AU Cook, MI Beissinger, SR Toranzos, GA Rodriguez, RA Arendt, WJ AF Cook, MI Beissinger, SR Toranzos, GA Rodriguez, RA Arendt, WJ TI Trans-shell infection by pathogenic micro-organisms reduces the shelf life of non-incubated bird's eggs: a constraint on the onset of incubation? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE saprophytic micro-organism; trans-shell transmission; egg viability; incubation behaviour; ambient temperature ID HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; HENS EGG; TEMPERATURES; VIABILITY AB Many birds initiate incubation before clutch completion, which results in asynchronous hatching. The ensuing within-brood size disparity often places later-hatched nestlings at a developmental disadvantage, but the functional significance of the timing of the onset of incubation is poorly understood. Early incubation may serve to maintain the viability of early-laid eggs, which declines over time owing to the putative effects of ambient temperature. An unexplored risk to egg viability is trans-shell infection by micro-organisms. We experimentally investigated the rate and magnitude of microbial trans-shell infection of the egg, and the relative effects of ambient temperature and micro-organisms on hatching success. We show that infection of egg contents is prevalent and occurs within the time required to lay a clutch. The probability of infection depends on the climatic conditions, the exposure period and the phylogenetic composition of the eggshell microbiota. We also demonstrate that microbial infection and ambient temperature act independently to reduce egg viability considerably. Our results suggest that these two factors could affect the onset of avian incubation in a wide range of environments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Cook, MI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcook@nature.berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 37 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 7 PY 2003 VL 270 IS 1530 BP 2233 EP 2240 DI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2508 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 744KZ UT WOS:000186630800005 PM 14613609 ER PT J AU Neill, JD Ridpath, JF AF Neill, JD Ridpath, JF TI Gene expression changes in MDBK cells infected with genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pestivirus Symposium of the European-Society-for-Veterinary-Virology CY AUG 26-29, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP European Soc Vet Virol DE pestivirus; functional genomics; serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE); virus/host interactions ID SERIAL ANALYSIS; DAIRY-HERD; CALVES; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; IDENTIFICATION; PLATELETS; DISCOVERY; LESIONS; TYPE-2; TUMOR AB Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDVs) are ubiquitous viral pathogens of cattle. These viruses exist as one of two biotypes, cytopathic and noncytopathic, based on the ability to induce cytopathic effect in cell culture. The noncytopathic biotypes are able to establish inapparent, persistent infections in both cell culture and in bovine foetuses of less than 150 days gestation. Interactions with the host cell and the mechanism by which viral tolerance is established are unknown. To examine the changes in gene expression that occur following infection of host cells with BVDV, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), a global gene expression technology was used. SAGE allows quantitation of virtually every transcript in a cell type without prior sequence information. Transcript expression levels and identities are determined by sequencing libraries composed of concatamers of 14 base DNA fragments (tags) derived from the 3'-end of each cellular mRNA transcript. Comparison of data obtained from uninfected and BVDV genotype 2-infected cell libraries revealed changes in gene expression associated with distinct biochemical pathways or functions. Isotypes of both alpha- and beta-tubulins were down-regulated, indicating possible dysfunction in cell division and other functions where microtubules play a major role. Expression of genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism were expressed at essentially equivalent levels in both infected and uninfected cells. Genes encoding proteins involved in protein translation and post-translational modifications, functions necessary for viral replication, were generally up-regulated. These data indicate that following infection with BVDV, changes in gene expression occur that are beneficial for virus replication while having only minor changes in energy metabolism. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Neill, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 7 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 4 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.09.002 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 745AQ UT WOS:000186665400002 PM 14599778 ER PT J AU Wilson, KB Baldocchi, D Falge, E Aubinet, M Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Dolman, H Field, C Goldstein, A Granier, A Hollinger, D Katul, G Law, BE Meyers, T Moncrieff, J Monson, R Tenhunen, J Valentini, R Verma, S Wofsy, S AF Wilson, KB Baldocchi, D Falge, E Aubinet, M Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Dolman, H Field, C Goldstein, A Granier, A Hollinger, D Katul, G Law, BE Meyers, T Moncrieff, J Monson, R Tenhunen, J Valentini, R Verma, S Wofsy, S TI Diurnal centroid of ecosystem energy and carbon fluxes at FLUXNET sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE FLUXNET; energy flux; sensible heat; latent heat; evapotranspiration; diurnal ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; UPLAND OAK FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; EQUILIBRIUM EVAPORATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; DROUGHT; TRANSPIRATION AB Data from a network of eddy covariance stations in Europe and North America (FLUXNET) were analyzed to examine the diurnal patterns of surface energy and carbon fluxes during the summer period across a range of ecosystems and climates. Diurnal trends were quantified by assessing the time of day surface fluxes and meteorological variable reached peak values, using the "diurnal centroid'' method; the diurnal centroid enabled us to discern whether the peak activity of the variable of interest is weighted more toward the morning or afternoon. In this paper, diurnal centroid estimates were used to diagnose which atmospheric and physiological processes controlled carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sensible heat fluxes across different ecosystems and climates. Sensitivity tests suggested that the diurnal centroids for latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat flux depend on atmospheric resistance, static stability in the free atmosphere, stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit, and advection. With respect to diurnal trends of surface energy fluxes at FLUXNET sites, maximum LE occurred later in the day relative to H at most tall forests with continental climates. The lag between LE and H was reduced or reversed at sites that were influenced by advection or by afternoon stomatal closure. The time of peak carbon uptake of temperate forests occurred earlier relative to the temporal peak of photosynthetically active radiation, as compared to boreal forests. The timing of this peak occurred earlier during periods with low soil water content, as it did during the summer in Mediterranean climates. In this case, the diurnal centroid for the CO2 flux was influenced by the response of respiration and photosynthesis to increasing afternoon temperature and by afternoon stomatal closure. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. INRA Bordeaux, Unite Bioclimatol, F-33611 Gazinet, France. Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1085 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestieres, F-54280 Champenoux, France. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Colorado, DEPOB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456,456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wilson@atdd.noaa.gov RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 4664 DI 10.1029/2001JD001349 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742GC UT WOS:000186508200001 ER PT J AU Awika, JM Rooney, LW Wu, XL Prior, RL Cisneros-Zevallos, L AF Awika, JM Rooney, LW Wu, XL Prior, RL Cisneros-Zevallos, L TI Screening methods to measure antioxidant activity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; antioxidant; phenols; ORAC; ABTS; DPPH ID FREE-RADICAL METHOD; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; COMMON VEGETABLES; CAPACITY; WINES; GRAIN; PROCYANIDINS; SEPARATION; TANNINS; ASSAY AB Specialty sorghums, their brans, and baked and extruded products were analyzed for antioxidant activity using three methods: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). All sorghum samples were also analyzed for phenolic contents. Both ABTS and DPPH correlated highly with ORAC (R-2 = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively, n = 18). Phenol contents of the sorghums correlated highly with their antioxidant activity measured by the three methods (R-2 greater than or equal to 0.96). The ABTS and DPPH methods, which are more cost effective and simpler, were demonstrated to have similar predictive power as ORAC on sorghum antioxidant activity. There is a need to standardize these methods to allow for data comparisons across laboratories. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Awika, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 35 TC 298 Z9 338 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 23 BP 6657 EP 6662 DI 10.1021/jf034790i PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 738JA UT WOS:000186282400005 PM 14582956 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Powell, MJ Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Powell, MJ Hicks, KB TI Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-based serum cholesterol test kit for analysis of phytosterol and phytostanol products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytosterol; phytostanol; analysis; spectrophotometric; cholesterol; enzymatic; nutraceutical ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS AB Plant sterols (phytosterols) have been shown to possess serum cholesterol-lowering properties. In recent years, several phytosterol-enriched functional food products have been developed and marketed. Some phytosterol products contain common unsaturated sterols and some contain a subset of phytosterols called phytostanols (saturated sterols, also called plant stanols). Current methods for the quantitative analysis of plant sterols are labor intensive and require sophisticated gas or liquid chromatographs. In this study, a popular commercial spectrophotometric serum cholesterol test kit was evaluated for the analysis of plant sterols. The results indicate that the method could be modified to analyze phytosterols and phytostanols by increasing the incubation time. Both free phytosterols and fatty acyl phytosteryl esters were quantitatively analyzed, but ferulate phytosteryl esters, such as those that are found in corn and other cereals, were not hydrolyzed by the enzymes in the test kit and therefore were not detected. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 23 BP 6663 EP 6667 DI 10.1021/jf034194o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 738JA UT WOS:000186282400006 PM 14582957 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Lin, HS AF Wang, SY Lin, HS TI Compost as a soil supplement increases the level of antioxidant compounds and oxygen radical absorbance capacity in strawberries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; compost; flavonoids; free radical; fruit; strawberry ID FLAVONOIDS; ASCORBATE; OXIDATION; PEROXIDE; DAMAGE; THIOLS; ASSAY AB Compost as a soil supplement significantly enhanced levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and ratios of AsA/dehydroascorbic acid (DHAsA) and GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in fruit of two strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars, Allstar and Honeoye. The peroxyl radical (ROO.) as well as the superoxide radical (02(.-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) absorbance capacity in strawberries increased significantly with increasing fertilizer strength and compost use. The planting medium (compost) x fertilizer interaction for phenolics and flavonoids was significant. Fruit from plants grown in full-strength fertilizer with 50% soil plus 50% compost and 100% compost yielded fruit with the highest levels of phenolics, flavonol, and anthocyanin content. A positive relationship between antioxidant activities and contents of AsA and GSH and ratios of AsA/DHAsA and GSH/GSSG existed in fruit of both strawberry cultivars. Correlation coefficients for the content of antioxidant components versus antioxidant activity [against ROO%(.), O-2(.-), H2O2, OH. or O-1(2)] ranged from r = 0.7706 for H2O2 versus GSH/GSSH in cv. Allstar to r = 0.9832 for O-2(.-) versus total flavonoids in cv. Allstar. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 23 BP 6844 EP 6850 DI 10.1021/jf030196x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 738JA UT WOS:000186282400033 PM 14582984 ER PT J AU Bennett, JO Krishnan, AH Wiebold, WJ Krishnan, HB AF Bennett, JO Krishnan, AH Wiebold, WJ Krishnan, HB TI Positional effect on protein and oil content and composition of soybeans SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; nodal position; protein composition; soybean ID SEED STORAGE-PROTEIN; SUSTAINABLE FOOD-PRODUCTION; BETA-CONGLYCININ GENES; ACETYL-L-SERINE; SPECTRAL QUALITY; PLANT NUTRITION; AMINO-ACIDS; GLYCINE-MAX; NITROGEN; EXPRESSION AB Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) protein and oil qualities, with respect to monogastric nutrition, have been linked to the relative abundance of specific protein subunits and fatty acids, respectively. An analysis of field-grown soybean seeds by near-infrared spectroscopy revealed significant differences in their protein and oil contents as a function of nodal position. Seed proteins from the plant apex were high in protein and low in oil content, while those from the basal region exhibited an opposite pattern of accumulation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total seed proteins revealed that the P-subunit of beta-conglycinin content was 4-fold higher in seeds from the apical nodes than in seeds from basal nodes. The glycinin A3 polypeptide content gradually increased in successively lower nodes from the top of the plant. Its accumulation was drastically reduced when nitrogen was applied at specific growth stages. Exogenous nitrogen did not alter the pattern of beta-subunit accumulation, but accrual of the acidic and basic polypeptides of glycinin was diminished. The remaining seed storage protein components were not influenced by nodal position or nitrogen application. Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids indicated that only oleic (18:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids showed variability in accumulation at different nodes. Neither the abundance nor the distribution of the fatty acids was altered by nitrogen application. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 23 BP 6882 EP 6886 DI 10.1021/jf034371l PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 738JA UT WOS:000186282400039 PM 14582990 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT AF Brooks, RT TI Abundance, distribution, trends, and ownership patterns of early-successional forests in the northeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Shrublands and Early-Successional Forests CY MAY 04-05, 2002 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE DE early-successional forest; forest inventory and analysis; forest survey; non-stocked-size class; sapling/seedling-size class ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE HISTORY; DISTURBANCE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; HABITATS AB Early-successional forests are ephemeral and distinct forest communities, maintained by disturbance and dominated by small-sized trees and shrubs. These structural and compositional conditions form a unique habitat that is preferred by many wildlife species. Various sources have indicated that there have been declines in early-successional forest area and in the populations of many wildlife species associated with these habitats across the northeast. Results of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program from four survey occasions were summarized for 11 states in the northeastern United States to identify recent trends in the area of early-successional forests. Early-successional forests were defined as sapling/seedling-size and non-stocked-size timberland. The area of total forest land has remained relatively constant in the northeast; however, the area of early-successional forests has declined since,the first forest surveys (ca. 1950). Losses were greater in the coastal states than among interior states. The area of early-successional forest-among coastal areas is approaching or below conditions that are estimated to have existed under disturbance regimes occurring prior to European settlement of the northeast; for interior areas, the current area of early-successional forest still exceeds estimated historic. conditions. The majority of forest land in the northeastern United States have been privately owned by individuals since European settlement; this ownership pattern has affected forest change more than natural disturbances. Population increases in the northeast over the last 50 years have not resulted in the loss of forest land to residential and associated developments. However, the fragmentation of forest ownerships (i.e. parcelization) into ever smaller ownerships has imposed social and logistic restrictions on forest management options. The creation and maintenance of sufficient early-successional forests to sustain wildlife populations dependent on this habitat will require active intervention and management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Brooks, Robert/E-9955-2011 NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 185 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00246-9 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 740EZ UT WOS:000186391100005 ER PT J AU DeGraaf, RM Yamasaki, M AF DeGraaf, RM Yamasaki, M TI Options for managing early-successional forest and shrubland bird habitats in the northeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Shrublands and Early-Successional Forests CY MAY 04-05, 2002 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DURHAM, NH HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE DE disturbance-dependent species; early-successional habitats; even-age management; opening size; silvicultural systems ID OLD FIELD SUCCESSION; NEST PREDATION RATES; CENTRAL NEW-JERSEY; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMERICAN WOODCOCK; EXTENSIVE FOREST; NEW-ENGLAND; CLEAR-CUT AB Historically, forests in the northeastern United States were disturbed by fire, wind, Native American agriculture, flooding, and beavers (Castor canadensis). Of these, wind and beavers are now the only sources of natural disturbance. Most disturbance-dependent species, especially birds, are declining throughout the region whereas species affiliated with mature forests are generally increasing or maintaining populations. Disturbance must be simulated for conservation of early-successional species, many of which are habitat specialists compared to those associated with mature forests. Both the maintenance of old fields and forest regeneration are needed to conserve brushland species. Regenerating forest habitats are more ephemeral than other woody early-successional habitats. The types and amounts of early-successional habitats created depend on the silvicultural system used, patch size selected, time between regeneration cuts, and rotation age. We recommend that group selection and patch cuts should be at least 0.8 ha, and patches should be generated approximately every 10-15 years depending on site quality. Regeneration of intolerant and mid-tolerant tree species should be increased or maintained in managed stands. Also, frost pockets, unstocked, or poorly-stocked stands can provide opportunities to increase the proportion of early-successional habitats in managed forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP DeGraaf, RM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rdegraaf@fs.fed.us NR 94 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 185 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00254-8 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 740EZ UT WOS:000186391100013 ER PT J AU Poland, TM de Groot, P Burke, S Wakarchuk, D Haack, RA Nott, R Scarr, T AF Poland, TM de Groot, P Burke, S Wakarchuk, D Haack, RA Nott, R Scarr, T TI Development of an improved attractive lure for the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myrtenol; pine shoot beetle; alpha-pinene; Tomicus piniperda; trans-verbenol ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; ALPHA-PINENE; L COL; OLFACTORY RECOGNITION; HYLURGOPS-PALLIATUS; HOST VOLATILES; BARK BEETLES; SCOTS PINE; ETHANOL; RESPONSES AB 1 The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an exotic pest of pine, Pinus spp., and was first discovered in North America in 1992. 2 Although primary attraction to host volatiles has been clearly demonstrated for T. piniperda, the existence and role of secondary attraction to insect-produced pheromones have been widely debated. 3 Currently, commercial lures for T. piniperda include only the host volatiles alpha-pinene in North America and a-pinene, terpinolene and (+)-3-carene in Europe. Several potential pheromone candidates have been identified for T. piniperda. 4 We tested various combinations of host volatiles and pheromone candidates in Michigan, U.S.A., and Ontario, Canada, to determine an optimal blend. 5 Attraction of T. piniperda was significantly increased when trans-verbenol (95% pure, 3.2% cis-verbenol content) was added with or without myrtenol to alpha-pinene or to blends of alpha-pinene and other kairomones and pheromone candidates. 6 Our results, together with other research demonstrating that trans-verbenol is produced by T. piniperda, support the designation of trans-verbenol as a pheromone for T. piniperda. A simple operational lure consisting of a-pinene and trans-verbenol is recommended for optimal attraction of T. piniperda. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Forestry Management Branch, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6V5, Canada. Phero Tech Inc, Delta, BC V4G 1E9, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Room 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00191.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 749ZP UT WOS:000186960200004 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, C Adams, T Zack, RS AF Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, C Adams, T Zack, RS TI An improved multi-component sex attractant for trapping male western yellowstriped armyworm, Spodoptera praefica (Grote) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE armyworm; attractant; lure; monitoring; pheromone; trapping ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; ISOLATION IDENTIFICATION; SOUTHERN ARMYWORM; FALL ARMYWORM; PHEROMONE; MOTH; ACETATE; TRAPS; FIELD AB 1 Chemical analyses of solvent extracts of pheromone glands of female western yellowstriped armyworm moths Spodoptera praefica (Grote) indicated the presence of (Z)-7-dodecenol (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate. 2 In field tests of combinations of these chemicals, small numbers of male S. praefica were captured in traps baited with (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. Numbers of males captured in traps were greatly increased in response to blends that included both (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate with either (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate. The combination of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate provided the strongest sex attractant for use in trapping male S. praefica. 3 Males of the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) were captured in traps baited with blends possessing (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, and were greatly reduced in traps baited with blends that included (Z)-7-dodecenol. 4 Multi-component blends that included (Z)-7-dodecenol attracted males of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer). 5 Males of Peridroma saucia (Hubner) and Mamestra configurata Walker were captured in traps that included (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate with (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate. 6 These responses by other species of moths to S. praefica pheromone components and blends may still complicate the use of any lure for S. praefica. C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00196.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 749ZP UT WOS:000186960200009 ER PT J AU Allousha, GA Boyer, DG Belesky, DP Halvorson, JJ AF Allousha, GA Boyer, DG Belesky, DP Halvorson, JJ TI Phosphorus mobility in a karst landscape under pasture grazing system SO AGRONOMIE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus transport; dissolved unreactive phosphorus; molybdate reactive phosphorus; karst; grazing impacts ID MOLYBDATE REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL SOLUTION; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; WATER; GRASSLAND; FORMS; ADSORPTION; LEACHATE; RAINFALL; RELEASE AB The spatial distribution and partitioning of water dissolved phosphorus fractions in the soil profile of a grazed karst sinkhole landscape were investigated. We also measured P fractions in surface runoff entering a sinkhole drain and in karst spring flow draining the study area. Grazing increased total N, C, and all forms of P of soil. Dissolved inorganic orthophosphate (DPi) was the highest in the surface soil layer and diminished significantly with depth. The proportion of dissolved unreactive phosphorus (DPu) increased with soil depth. Changes in DPu with landscape position and depth were closely correlated with changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggesting that the mobility and transport of DPu was mediated by DOC. Landscape position sampling showed molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) and DPu increased toward the bottom and center of sinkholes. The distribution of DPi and DPu in surface runoff and that occurring in underground watercourses confirms the significance of DPu transported into karst groundwater. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0249-5627 J9 AGRONOMIE JI Agronomie PD NOV PY 2003 VL 23 IS 7 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1051/agro:2003033 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 732LZ UT WOS:000185949000008 ER PT J AU Baker, JM AF Baker, JM TI Recalcitrant problems in environmental instrumentation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum CY 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA ID WATER POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL; FLUXES; SYSTEMS AB Frontiers in any science are generally defined by measurement limitations, and that is especially true in environmental biophysics. Among the more persistent issues are surface-atmosphere exchange, soil water and solute fluxes, plant water status, and plant/soil nutrient status. Measurement of surface-atmosphere exchange is particularly critical to global climate change research. Despite advances in instrumentation. accuracy of flux measurements, particularly eddy covariance. remains unacceptable, partly because the underlying assumptions of stationarity and surface homogeneity are so restrictive. Even when these assumptions are valid, the method appears to systematically underestimate for reasons that are not yet well understood. Similarly, soil water and solute fluxes cannot yet be measured accurately and routinely, hampering water quality research. Recent advances in tension lysimetry offer hope for improvement, but most field experiments still rely on modeling of water and solute now, supported by indirect measurements of ancillary variables, e.g., soil water content, soil water potential, and solute concentration, at discrete points in time and space. A third area of ongoing concern is that of plant water status. The major uncertainty here concerns which property should be measured. Nearly all of the effort over the past 30 yr has been directed at measuring water potential, but water potential measurements are equilibrium measurements, and plants operate in dynamic environments. Furthermore, many physiological processes appear to be more related to relative water content than to water potential. Finally, more accurate and more timely, (e.g., in situ) measurements of plant/soil nutrient status are sorely needed to take advantage of the promise of precision agriculture. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Manage Unit, Dept Soil Water & Clim, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Manage Unit, Dept Soil Water & Clim, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1404 EP 1407 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 750FH UT WOS:000186980300008 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Norman, JM AF Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Norman, JM TI Upscaling and downscaling - A regional view of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum CY 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA ID SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS AB The strength of interaction among Soil, plants, and atmosphere depends highly on scale. As the spatial scale of organized soil-plant behavior (e.g., soil drying and/or stomatal closure) increases, so does the influence the land surface has on atmospheric properties and circulations. Counterbalancing this is a system of feedback loops that serve to reduce the sensitivity of surface fluxes to changes in surface conditions. Model upscaling involves capturing land-atmosphere feedbacks, and effects of land surface heterogeneity on surface fluxes and atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics that become operative at progressively larger spatial scales. Conversely, by downscaling, we learn how to appropriately parameterize subgrid-scale phenomena within large-scale modeling frameworks. This paper discusses some of the major challenges faced today in properly describing system behavior at regional spatial scales. We focus on a suite of simple biophysical models, tied closely to remote sensing, that work synergistically from canopy to mesoscales. This suite includes a diagnostic regional-scale model used for routine mapping of flux and moisture conditions across the United States at 10-km resolution. A related approach disaggregates regional flux estimates to local scales (10(0)-10(2) m) for comparison with ground-based measurements or for use in site-specific agricultural or resource management applications. Coupled with turbulence- and mesoscale atmospheric models, the core land surface representation provides means for assimilating remote sensing data into large-eddy simulations and improving short-range weather forecasts. This multiscale modeling framework is being utilized in a concerted research effort aimed at identifying scale-relevant land-atmosphere feedbacks and representing surface heterogeneity efficiently and robustly in regional modeling schemes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 116 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1423 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 750FH UT WOS:000186980300009 ER PT J AU Bouton, JH Gates, RN AF Bouton, JH Gates, RN TI Grazing-tolerant alfalfa cultivars perform well under rotational stocking and hay management SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; PERSISTENCE AB Grazing-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars are developed using continuous stocking with beef cattle (Bos taurus) during screening and selection. Alfalfa is mainly recommended for use in hay making and under rotational stocking rather than continuous stocking. Performance of alfalfa cultivars selected under the specificity of intensive, continuous stocking in recommended management systems is unknown. This study was conducted to test survival and performance of alfalfa populations selected with continuous stocking against their parental cultivar germplasms ('Apollo', 'Diamond', '5432', and 'Florida 771) at two Georgia locations (Eatonton and Tifton) under the following management conditions: grazing to close stubble heights (5-7 cm) with continuous stocking, grazing to close stubble heights (5-7 cm) with rotational stocking (7 d grazing and 28 d rest), and standard bay harvesting. At Eatonton, plant survival was similar (52-53%) for the rotational stocking and hay harvest treatments, with all entries in these treatments exhibiting better survival than in the continuously stocked treatment (38%). At Tifton, stand survival improved as management changed from continuous stocking (24%) to rotational stocking (46%) to hay harvest management (63%). At both test locations, grazing-tolerant entries demonstrated higher plant survival rates than parental populations when averaged across all management treatments. Dry matter yields of the grazing-tolerant entries were no different, or were higher during 1 yr at Tifton, than their parental populations. It is therefore a good strategy for producers practicing continuous stocking, rotational stocking, or hay making to use grazing-tolerant cultivars rather than cultivars not selected for grazing tolerance. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bouton, JH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1461 EP 1464 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 750FH UT WOS:000186980300015 ER PT J AU Frank, AB AF Frank, AB TI Evapotranspiration from northern semiarid grasslands SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER RELATIONS; PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; FLUXES; BLUESTEM; CATTLE; SOIL AB Management of forage production for livestock grazing on semiarid grasslands depends on water availability. Evapotranspiration (ET) was measured using the Bowen ratio energy balance method on three grasslands at Mandan, ND: a nongrazed mixed-grass prairie (prairie), a grazed mixed-grass prairie (grazed prairie), and a grazed western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) Love] site (western wheatgrass). Measurements were made from 24 April to 17 October ( the growing period) in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Peak ET rates generally coincided with periods of peak biomass production and occurred between early July and early August. Peak biomass averaged 1097 kg ha(-1) for the prairie, 1227 kg ha (1) for grazed prairie, and 1725 kg ha (1) for western wheatgrass. and peak leaf area index averaged 0.38 for the prairie, 0.44 for grazed prairie, and 0.59 for western wheatgrass. Growing period (175 d) ET averaged 489 into for the prairie, 455 mm for the grazed prairie, and 497 mm for the western wheatgrass while growing period precipitation averaged 320 mm. Evapotranspiration of grazed prairie was 7% less than nongrazed prairie and 8% less than western wheatgrass. Evapotranspiration of the nongrazed prairie and the grazed western wheatgrass were similar. The ratio of the latent heat of ET to net radiation averaged 0.25 for grazed prairie and 0.28 for prairie. suggesting that grazing changed the canopy structure and energy budget components that affected ET. These results suggest that in a semiarid environment, proper grazing of prairie grasslands conserves soil water. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Box 459,Hwy 6 S, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1509 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 750FH UT WOS:000186980300021 ER PT J AU Andales, AA Ahuja, LR Peterson, GA AF Andales, AA Ahuja, LR Peterson, GA TI Evaluation of GPFARM for dryland cropping systems in eastern Colorado SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; GRAIN-YIELD; MAIZE; MODEL; WATER; SIMULATION; SORGHUM; CERES; WHEAT; SOIL AB GPFARM is an ARS decision support system for strategic (long-term) planning. This study evaluated its performance for comparing alternative dryland no-till cropping systems and established limits of accuracy for eastern Colorado, using data collected in 1987 through 1999 from an ongoing long-term experiment at three locations along a gradient of potential evapotranspiration (PET) (Sterling, low PET; Stratton, medium PET; and Walsh, high PET). The crop rotations, which included winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and varying fallow periods, were wheat-fallow, wheat-corn-fallow and wheat-corn-millet-fallow at Sterling and Stratton and wheat-fallow, wheat-sorghum-fallow, and wheat-sorghum-millet-fallow at Walsh. The ranges of relative error (RE) of simulated mean and root mean square error (RMSE) were total soil profile water content (RE: 0 to 23%; RMSE: 38 to 76 mm water), dry mass grain yield (RE: - 27 to 84%; RMSE: 419 to 2567 kg ha(-1)), dry mass crop residue (RE: -5 to 42%; RMSE: 859 to 1845 kg ha (1)), and total soil profile residual nitrate N (RE: -42 to 32%; RMSE: 26 to 78 kg ha(-1)). GPFARM simulations agreed with observed trends and showed that productivity and water use efficiency increased with cropping intensification and that Stratton was the most productive and Walsh the least. GPFARM (v. 2.01) was less suited for year-to-year grain yield prediction under dryland conditions but has potential as a tool for studying long-term interactions between environment and crop man, agement system. Future development and applications of GPFARM must account for crop-specific responses to stress, detailed hydrology, better understanding of root uptake processes, and spatial variability to give more accurate grain yield predictions in water-stressed environments. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013; Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1510 EP 1524 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 750FH UT WOS:000186980300022 ER PT J AU Purcell, LC Sinclair, TR McNew, RW AF Purcell, LC Sinclair, TR McNew, RW TI Drought avoidance assessment for summer annual crops using long-term weather data SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; YIELD; TRANSPIRATION; SYSTEM; MAIZE AB Seasonal rainfall is a key factor determining yield of nonirrigated, summer crops. In temperate regions, however, systematic analyses of long-term weather data have not been used for directing breeding programs or for crop management options. We evaluated long-term weather data (36-98 yr) for 16 sites in four geographical regions in the USA to assess the potential for drought avoidance. For each day of bear when the probability (P) of having a minimum temperature <0degreesC was less than 0.05, water deficit was estimated as the difference between the 7-d running sums of rainfall and potential evaporation. For comparative purposes across locations, a 7-d water deficit >50 mm was defined as a drought. For the Midsouth, there were approximately 62 d at both the beginning and end of the growing season with P less than or equal to 0.20 of drought. In the Southeast, there were approximately 48 d and 121 d at the beginning and end of the growing season, respectively, with P less than or equal to 0.20 of drought. For the Midwest, P of drought was less than or equal to0.20 throughout the growing season for three of the four sites, and it was concluded that a 50-mm water deficit was not likely to be a production constraint on the deep soils of the Midwest. For the Northern Great Plains, P of drought was >0.20 for more than half of the region's growing season. This meteorological approach for assessing drought may provide insights for drought avoidance in breeding and crop management. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Purcell, LC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1576 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 750FH UT WOS:000186980300028 ER PT J AU Menkhaus, DJ Phillips, OR Coatney, KT AF Menkhaus, DJ Phillips, OR Coatney, KT TI Shared agents and competition in laboratory English auctions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE English auction; laboratory market; shared agents AB At livestock auctions, the same purchasing agent can represent more than one processor. Repeated multiple-unit English auctions are created in a laboratory to measure the impact of shared agents on trade prices under alternative treatments with six, and as few as two, agents representing six principals. Treatments are constructed in which the agents either know or do not know quantity for sale, and in which there are progressively fewer agents bidding. Knowledge of quantity for sale can be anticompetitive. Evolution toward increased market concentration leads to consistent anticompetitive pricing, resulting in prices significantly lower than the predicted competitive equilibrium prices. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, COmpetit Unit, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Aurora, CO USA. RP Menkhaus, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 4 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00491 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 738ET UT WOS:000186274300003 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC AF Cooper, JC TI A joint framework for analysis of agri-environmental payment programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE best management practices; EQIP; incentive payments; multinomial probit; simulated maximum likelihood estimation; simulated multivariate normal; WTA ID QUALITY PROTECTION PRACTICES; CONTINGENT VALUATION; WATER-QUALITY; FARMER ADOPTION; SIMULATION; CHOICE AB This article presents an approach for simultaneously estimating farmers' decisions to accept incentive payments in return for adopting a bundle of environmentally benign best management practices. Using the results of a multinomial probit analysis of surveys of over 1,000 farmers facing five adoption decisions in a voluntary program, we show how the farmers' perceptions of the desirability of various bundles change with the offer amounts and with which practices are offered in the bundle. We also demonstrate an estimator for the mean minimum willingness to accept for the adoption of a practice conditional on the cost share offers for other practices. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 4 BP 976 EP 987 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00501 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 738ET UT WOS:000186274300013 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Hu, FB Rimm, EB Smith-Warner, SA Feskanich, D Sampson, L Willett, WC AF Newby, PK Hu, FB Rimm, EB Smith-Warner, SA Feskanich, D Sampson, L Willett, WC TI Reproducibility and validity of the Diet Quality Index Revised as assessed by use of a food-frequency questionnaire SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet index; diet quality; dietary pattern; biomarker; reproducibility; validity ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HEALTHY EATING INDEX; UNITED-STATES; COLON-CANCER; DIVERSITY; RISK; FAT; MEN; RECOMMENDATIONS; CONSUMPTION AB Background: The Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R) is a dietary assessment instrument based on 10 dietary recommendations reflecting dietary guidelines and policy in the United States. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the reproducibility and validity of the DQI-R as measured by use of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Design: Diet was assessed separately by two FFQs at a 1-y interval and by two 1-wk diet records. DQI-R scores were computed from each method. Venous blood specimens were collected for measurement of dietary biomarkers. Participants (n = 127) were men aged 40-75 y in a validation study of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Results: Mean DQI-R scores were 69.5 for FFQ-1, 67.2 for FFQ-2, and 62.0 for the diet records out of a possible score of 100. The reproducibility correlation for the 2 FFQ scores was 0.72. Correlations between scores for each of the 2 FFQs and diet records were 0.66 (FFQ-1) and 0.72 (FFQ-2). DQI-R scores from FFQ-2 were directly correlated with plasma biochemical measurements of alpha-carotene (r = 0.43, P < 0.0005), beta-carotene (r = 0.35, P < 0.005), lutein (r = 0.31, P < 0.005), and alpha-tocopherol (r = 0.25, P < 0.05) and were inversely correlated with plasma total cholesterol (r = -0.22, P < 0.05). Conclusions: These data indicate reasonable reproducibility and validity of the DQI-R as assessed by an FFQ. Future studies are needed to examine whether this index and other instruments of diet quality can reliably predict disease outcomes. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55075]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL60712, HL35464] NR 45 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 78 IS 5 BP 941 EP 949 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 736AA UT WOS:000186146500009 PM 14594780 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM Shen, W Kotler, DP Heshka, S Wielopolski, L Aloia, JF Nelson, ME Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB AF Wang, ZM Shen, W Kotler, DP Heshka, S Wielopolski, L Aloia, JF Nelson, ME Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB TI Total body protein: a new cellular level mass and distribution prediction model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; nutritional assessment; total body nitrogen; total body potassium; total body water; wholebody counting ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; AGE AB Background: Protein is an important body component, and the presently accepted criterion method for estimating total body protein (TBPro) mass-in vivo neutron activation (IVNA) analysis-is unavailable to most investigators and is associated with moderate radiation exposure. Objective: The objective was to derive a theoretical cellular level TBPro mass and distribution model formulated on measured total body potassium, total body water, and bone mineral and to evaluate the new model with the IVNA method as the criterion. Design: The new model was developed on the basis of a combination of theoretical equations and empirically derived coefficients. TBPro mass estimates with the new model were evaluated in healthy women (n = 183) and men (n = 24) and in men with AIDS (n = 84). Total body nitrogen was measured by IVNA, total body potassium by whole-body K-40 counting, total body water by tritium dilution, and bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The group mean ( +/- SD) TBPro mass estimates in healthy women and men and men with AIDS (8.2 +/- 0.9, 11.0 +/- 1.8, and 10.5 +/- 1.1 kg, respectively) with the new model were similar to IVNA criterion estimates (8.9 +/- 0.9, 11.1 +/- 1.6, and 10.9 +/- 1.2 kg, respectively). TBPro mass estimates with the new model correlated highly with the IVNA estimates in all subjects combined (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). The new model suggests that the composite TBPro mass within each group consists mainly of cellular protein (75-79%) and, to a lesser extent, protein in extracellular solids (19-23%) and extracellular fluid (approximate to2%). Conclusion: The new model provides a non-IVNA approach for estimating protein mass and distribution in vivo. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Acad Affairs, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutrs Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, ZM (reprint author), Weight Control Unit, 1090 Amsterdam Ave,14th Floor, New York, NY 10025 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 42618] NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 78 IS 5 BP 979 EP 984 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 736AA UT WOS:000186146500014 PM 14594785 ER PT J AU Spotila, LD Jacques, PF Berger, PB Ballman, KV Ellison, RC Rozen, R AF Spotila, LD Jacques, PF Berger, PB Ballman, KV Ellison, RC Rozen, R TI Age dependence of the influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype on plasma homocysteine level SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amine oxidoreductases; cardiovascular diseases; folic acid; genotype; homocysteine; neural tube defects; vitamins ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING COHORT; GENETIC RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR-DISEASE; COMMON MUTATION; FOLATE STATUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; POLYMORPHISM AB An elevated plasma homocysteine level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is often observed in other common disorders, including neural tube defects, pregnancy complications, and Alzheimer's disease. Plasma homocysteine level is affected by vitamin intake and by sequence variation in enzymes of homocysteine metabolism. One such enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), synthesizes 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, utilized in homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A variant of the MTHFR gene at base pair 677 is associated with reduced activity, increased thermolability, and hyperhomocysteinemia. This variant has been reported to increase risk of the aforementioned disorders. However, not all studies examining disease risk with respect to MTHFR genotype have reported a statistically significant relation. The current authors hypothesized that the effect of the variant might be stronger in younger age groups, as is the case with other genetic risk factors. Thus, the authors examined data from three North American studies: a study of mothers of spina bifida children and control mothers (1995-1996; n = 136); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study (1994-1995; n = 537); and a Mayo Clinic study of patients undergoing coronary angiography (1998-1999; n = 504). In each study, the effect of MTHFR genotype on plasma homocysteine level was statistically significant only in younger age groups. Failure to examine younger patients separately may explain why some studies have found no association between the genotype and cardiovascular disease. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3Z 2Z3, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3Z 2Z3, Canada. Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Coll Arts & Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Biostat, Rochester, MN USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Prevent Med & Epidemiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Rozen, R (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Human Genet, 4060 St Catherine W,Room 200, Montreal, PQ H3Z 2Z3, Canada. OI Ellison, Robert Curtis/0000-0002-0582-7467 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25106, HL58955-01]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD36606]; PHS HHS [53-3K06-01] NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 9 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg234 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 739BG UT WOS:000186321900006 PM 14585765 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Wong, WW Hopkinson, JM Smith, EOB AF Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Wong, WW Hopkinson, JM Smith, EOB TI Composition of gestational weight gain impacts maternal fat retention and infant birth weight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE total body nitrogen; total body potassium; total body water; bone mineral content; fat mass; fat-free mass; pregnancy ID BODY-FAT; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; BONE-DENSITY; FREE MASS; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; 4-COMPONENT MODEL; METABOLIC-RATE; DUTCH WOMEN; WATER; LACTATION AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how changes in gestational weight and body composition affect infant birth weight and maternal fat retention after delivery in underweight, normal-weight and overweight women. STUDY DESIGN: We assessed the body composition of 63 women (low body mass index, 17 women; normal body mass index, 34 women; and high body mass index, 12 women) on the basis of measurements of total body nitrogen by prompt-gamma activation analysis, total body potassium by whole body counting, and a multicomponent model based on total body water by deuterium dilution, body volume by densitometry, and bone mineral content by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before pregnancy, at 9, 22, and 36 weeks of gestation, and at 2, 6, and 27 weeks after delivery. Infant weight and length were recorded at birth; infant anthropometry and body composition by DXA were assessed at 2 and 27 weeks of age. RESULTS: Gestational weight gain was correlated significantly with gains in total body water, total body potassium, protein, fat-free mass, and fat mass (P = .001-.003). Gains in total body water, total body potassium, protein and fat-free mass did not differ among body mass index groups; however, fat mass gain was higher in the high body mass index group (P = .03). Birth weight was correlated positively with gain in total body water, total body potassium, and fat-free mass (P < .01), but not fat mass. Postpartum weight and fat retention were correlated positively with gestational weight gain (P = .001) and fat mass gain (P = .001) but not with total body water, total body potassium, or fat-free mass gain. CONCLUSION: Appropriate, but not excessive, gestational weight gain is needed to optimize infant birth weight and minimize maternal postpartum fat retention. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu NR 47 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 13 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 189 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1432 DI 10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00596-9 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 750EZ UT WOS:000186979500039 PM 14634581 ER PT J AU Tilli, MT Frech, MS Steed, ME Hruska, KS Johnson, MD Flaws, JA Furth, PA AF Tilli, MT Frech, MS Steed, ME Hruska, KS Johnson, MD Flaws, JA Furth, PA TI Introduction of estrogen receptor-alpha into the tTA/TAg conditional mouse model precipitates the development of estrogen-responsive mammary adenocarcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; TRANSGENIC MICE; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOPOIESIS; TUMORIGENESIS; REVERSAL; CULTURE; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Conditional expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha was introduced into tetracycline-responsive MMTV-tTA/tetop-TAg mice to develop a mouse model of estrogen-responsive ER-alpha-positive mammary adenocarcinoma. Mammary adenocarcinomas developed in the mice with a mean latency of 11 months. Precursor lesions including ductal hyperplasia and hyperplastic alveolar nodules were present by the age of 4 months. The mammary adenocarcinomas exhibited histological features similar to human breast cancers. ER steroid-binding studies conducted on adenocarcinoma lysates demonstrated binding to estradiol. Tumor explant studies in the presence and absence of estradiol in ovariectomized athymic nude mice revealed that growth of mammary tumors was stimulated by estrogen. In addition, the presence of ER-alpha altered the tumor spectrum in other MMTV-targeted tissues in the tTA/TAg female mice. Lymphomas, which develop in 40% of tTA/TAg female mice, were found in only 4% of tTA/TAg/ER-alpha mice (P = 0.014, chi-square test). These experiments demonstrate that the introduction of an ER-alpha transgene targeted to mammary epithelial cells can be used to develop mouse models of ER-alpha-responsive mammary cancer. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Canc Ctr, Dist Columbia, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Univ Maryland, Program Human Genet, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Furth, PA (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Canc Ctr, Dist Columbia, Res Bldg,Room E518,3970 Reservoir Rd,NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA089041, P30 CA051008, R01 CA 89041, R01 CA089041-05, P30 CA 51008]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 38955, R01 HD038955] NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1713 EP 1719 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63529-8 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 736AP UT WOS:000186148200005 PM 14578170 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH AF Yokoi, K Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH TI Association between plasma zinc concentration and zinc kinetic parameters in premenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE iron; electrical taste threshold; exchangeable zinc pool; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; zinc-67 stable isotope ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ZN-70; COMPARTMENTAL MODEL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILLIMOLAR RATIOS; GUINEA-PIGS; HUMANS; METABOLISM; DEFICIENCY; IRON AB The objective of this study was to measure relationships between plasma zinc (Zn) concentrations and Zn kinetic parameters and to measure relationships of Zn status with taste acuity, food frequency, and hair Zn in humans. The subjects were 33 premenopausal women not taking oral contraceptives and dietary supplements containing iron and Zn. Main outcomes were plasma Zn concentrations, Zn kinetic parameters based on the three-compartment mammillary model using Zn-67 as a tracer, electrical taste detection thresholds, and food frequencies. Lower plasma Zn was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with smaller sizes of the central and the lesser peripheral Zn pools, faster disappearance of tracer from plasma, and higher transfer rate constants from the lesser peripheral pool to the central pool and from the central pool to the greater peripheral pool. The break points in the plasma Zn-Zn kinetics relationship were found between 9.94 and 11.5 μmol/l plasma Zn. Smaller size of the lesser peripheral pool was associated with lower frequency of beef consumption and higher frequency of bran breakfast cereal consumption. Hypozincemic women with plasma Zn <10.7 mumol/l or 700 ng/ml had decreased thresholds of electrical stimulation for gustatory nerves. Our results based on Zn kinetics support the conventional cutoff value of plasma Zn (10.7 mumol/l or 700 ng/ml) between normal and low Zn status. C1 Seitoku Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Human Nutr, Chiba 2718555, Japan. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yokoi, K (reprint author), Seitoku Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Human Nutr, Chiba 2718555, Japan. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00073] NR 71 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 285 IS 5 BP E1010 EP E1020 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00533.2002 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 730HB UT WOS:000185822500010 PM 12865259 ER PT J AU Vega, SE del Rio, AH Jung, G Bamberg, JB Palta, JR AF Vega, SE del Rio, AH Jung, G Bamberg, JB Palta, JR TI Marker-assisted genetic analysis of non-acclimated freezing tolerance and cold acclimation capacity in a backcross Solanum population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; OILSEED BRASSICA; FROST TOLERANCE; LINKAGE MAPS; POTATO; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; HARDINESS; TOMATO AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct a partial genetic linkage map in a potato backcross population. The population, derived from two diploid wild Solanum species (frost tolerant, able to cold acclimate S. commersonii; frost sensitive, unable to cold acclimate S. cardiophyllum), was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of non-acclimated relative freezing tolerance (NARFT) and cold acclimation capacity (CAC). Precise assessment,of these traits allowed distinction of small but significant differences among 35 backcross genotypes. NARFT and CAC were not correlated in the segregating population, suggesting independent genetic control for these two major components of freezing tolerance. The linkage map spanned 479.4 cM and included 77 RAPD markers and two SSR markers, with 38 RAPD and 10 SSR unassigned markers. Two QTLs for NARFT were detected in two different linkage groups, accounting for 44.0% of the phenotypic variation for this trait. Two QTLs for CAC were detected, accounting for 24.9% of the phenotypic variation for this trait. QTLs for NARFT and CAC were detected at separate genomic regions, in support of the independent genetic control of these two traits. QTLs for NARFT and CAC were detected in a linkage group identified as part of chromosome V, suggesting that such chromosome constitutes a prime candidate for fine-mapping. Due to the relatively small progeny size evaluated in this study, additional QTLs for NARFT and CAC could have been involved but not identified. Therefore, the conclusions derived from this study should be considered preliminary. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ARS, Inter Reg Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Palta, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jppalta@wise.edu OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 43 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 6 BP 359 EP 369 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 761YT UT WOS:000187943600003 ER PT J AU Mojtahedi, H Boydston, RA Thomas, RE Crosslin, JM Santo, GS Riga, E Anderson, IL AF Mojtahedi, H Boydston, RA Thomas, RE Crosslin, JM Santo, GS Riga, E Anderson, IL TI Weed hosts of Paratrichodorus allius and tobacco rattle virus in the pacific northwest SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE corky ringspot disease; epidemiology; potato; Solanum tuberosum ID CORKY RINGSPOT; POTATO; ROTATION; ECOLOGY; DISEASE; CROPS AB The ability of several weed species to serve as hosts for tobacco rattle virus (TRV), the causal agent of corky ringspot disease of potato (CRS), and its nematode vector, Paratrichodorus allius, was investigated in greenhouse studies. Viruliferous P. allius multiplied on 24 out of 37 weed species tested, indicating they were suitable hosts of the vector. However, only 11 of these weeds were infected with TRV, as determined by ELISA. The nonhost status of a given weed species was not changed whether the viruliferous vector population originated from CRS problem fields in WA, OR, or ID. Several weeds served as hosts for the vector and virus including kochia, prickly lettuce, henbit, nightshade species (black, hairy, and cutleaf), common chickweed, and annual sowthistle. Virus-free P. allius acquired TRV from the three nightshade species, volunteer potato grown from TRV-infected tubers, and prickly lettuce, and subsequently transmitted the virus to 'Samsun NN' tobacco indicator plants. Thus, some weeds may play a role in the epidemiology of CRS by perpetuating TRV and its vector in a problem field. C1 Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Mojtahedi, H (reprint author), Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM mojtahed@tricity.wsu.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 6 BP 379 EP 385 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 761YT UT WOS:000187943600005 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Getty, GM Nelson, LJ Lewis, VR AF Haverty, MI Getty, GM Nelson, LJ Lewis, VR TI Flight phenology of sympatric populations of reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in northern California: Disparate flight intervals indicate reproductive isolation among cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chemotaxonomy; colony founding; Reticulitermes hesperus; speciation; subterranean termite ID SPP. ISOPTERA; GENUS RETICULITERMES; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; TERMITES; INTERCOLONY; DROSOPHILA; COLONIES; WILDLAND AB The diurnal flights of Reticulitermes spp. have been reported to occur in the spring and early fall in northern California. From the spring of 1994 until the fall of 2001, we collected hundreds of alates of Reticulitermes spp. cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes CA-A/A' and CA-D during flights from multiple locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. As predicted, there were two flight seasons: one in the spring from February to May and one in the fall from October to December. The flights in the spring were made only by phenotypes CA-A/A'; those in the fall exclusively included phenotype CA-D. These disparate flight times indicate that reproductive isolation is complete and provide further biological evidence that phenotypes CA-A and CA-A' are variants of one taxon and are distinct from CA-D. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 828 EP 833 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0828:FPOSPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 756FJ UT WOS:000187454900015 ER PT J AU Williams, L Logarzo, GA Shaw, SR Price, LD Manrique, V AF Williams, L Logarzo, GA Shaw, SR Price, LD Manrique, V TI Leiophron argentinensis Shaw (Hymenoptera : Braconidae): A new species of parasitoid from Argentina and Paraguay - Information on life history and potential for controlling Lygus bugs (Hemiptera : Miridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Leiophron argentinensis Shaw n. sp.; Taylorilygus apicalis; Lygus lineolaris; Lygus hesperus; parasitoids ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; PERISTENUS-DIGONEUTIS HYMENOPTERA; UNIFORMIS GAHAN HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST PLANTS; ALFALFA; MISSISSIPPI; HETEROPTERA; PREFERENCES; EUPHORINAE AB We discovered an undescribed species of Leiophron parasitizing mirid nymphs in Argentina and Paraguay; this euphorine braconid is described as Leiophron argentinensis Shaw n. sp. Wasps were reared from several mirid species collected on numerous host plants, but most parasitoids (>85%) were reared from Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber), which was the most abundant mirid. Parasitism rates ranged from 0 to 37% and averaged approximate to7% for the entire study. Excluding samples where parasitism was not observed, parasitism rates averaged approximate to9%. Parasitism levels were highest in the summer. Host plant species significantly influenced parasitism levels of T apicalis; nymphs on Conyza spp. suffered approximate to16% parasitism, significantly more than nymphs on other host plants. L. argentinensis was collected throughout the study area (approximate to22-35degreesS), although the entire geographic range of this species is not yet known. We observed a transition from a male-biased sex ratio in the summer to a female-biased sex ratio in the fall. L. argentinensis has several generations per year and apparently produces some diapausing individuals in each generation. The incidence of diapause was lowest in the summer (approximate to40%). In laboratory trials, L. argentinensis readily parasitized Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) and Lygus hesperus Knight, suggesting that L. argentinensis has potential as a biological control agent for these pests in the United States. C1 ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Wyoming, Entomol Sect, Dept Renewable Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 834 EP 846 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0834:LASHBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 756FJ UT WOS:000187454900016 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, RL Szalanski, AL Levine, E AF Roehrdanz, RL Szalanski, AL Levine, E TI Mitochondrial DNA and ITS1 differentiation in geographical populations of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae): Identification of distinct genetic populations SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ITS1; mitochondrial DNA; polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length; polymorphism; population genetics; phylogeography ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CHAIN-REACTION PRIMERS; SEQUENCES; RDNA AB Genetic variation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the nuclear ribosomal spacer, ITS1, in local and dispersed geographical populations of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence was examined. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for mtDNA and DNA sequencing plus PCR-RFLP analysis was used for ITS1. Insects were collected in 10 states ranging from Pennsylvania to the Great Plains. Sequencing of the ITS1 amplicon revealed three potential polymorphic sites, one of which altered a restriction site for the restriction enzyme Bell. PCR-RFLP analysis with Bell detected three genotypes. Many beetles had heterogeneity at the nucleotide site recognized by Bell, which was supported by DNA sequence data. There appears to be a phylogeographic pattern of ITS1 genetic diversity. Eastern populations were homogeneous for one genotype, populations from central and northern locations had two genotypes, and western populations were composed of all three genotypes. The mtDNA had 58 haplotypes that displayed a strong east-west geographical partition. The region of overlap occurred in a few counties of east-central Illinois. Populations to the east had less variability than those to the west. A network of restriction site changes and trees based on genetic distance measurements of the mtDNA produced two distinct clades. One clade contained all the eastern haplotypes along with a group of haplotypes from the northern Great Plains. The other clade included the remaining western haplotypes. Possible reasons for this population structure including expansion from different glacial relicts, historic host plant differences, and endosymbiont driven reproductive incompatibilities are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Roehrdanz, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0901:MDAIDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 756FJ UT WOS:000187454900022 ER PT J AU Suazo, A Torto, B Teal, PEA Tumlinson, JH AF Suazo, A Torto, B Teal, PEA Tumlinson, JH TI Response of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) to honey bee (Apis mellifera) and beehive-produced volatiles SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE small hive beetle; Aethina tumida; hive volatiles; olfactometer; flight-tunnel ID MURRAY COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; COLONIES AB The response of male and female Small Hive Beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, to air-borne volatiles from adult worker bees, ( Apis mellifera), pollen, unripe honey, beeswax, wax by-products ("slumgum"), and bee brood, was investigated in olfactometric and flight-tunnel choice bioassays. In both bioassay systems, males and females responded strongly to the volatiles from worker bees, freshly collected pollen and slumgum but not to those from commercially available pollen, beeswax and bee brood. The response to pollen volatiles was dose dependent, while response to volatiles from worker bees increased with both the number and age of the bees. Females were more responsive than males to the different volatile sources, with greater response in tests with unripe honey. In flight-tunnel choice tests, Super Q-trapped volatiles from worker bees elicited a response comparable to the response to living workers, while trapped volatiles from other sources were not attractive. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1051/apido:2003043 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747JD UT WOS:000186800700002 ER PT J AU Danka, RG Villa, JD AF Danka, RG Villa, JD TI Autogrooming by resistant honey bees challenged with individual tracheal mites SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; honey bees; Acarapis woodi; tracheal mites; genetic resistance; grooming behavior ID ACARAPIS-WOODI AB Autogrooming responses of resistant and susceptible strains of honey bees were measured when bees were challenged by placing adult female tracheal mites on their thoraces. Marked, young adult workers of the two strains of bees were added to colonies in observation hives. We transferred a single, live, adult, female mite onto the mesoscutum of a marked bee, monitored the bee for seven minutes and then removed it and searched for the mite. Greater proportions of resistant bees autogroomed, and resistant bees made more grooming attempts. Bees of both strains had equal apparent grooming effectiveness; grooming bees lost approx. 75% of mites. Control-group bees ( those only stroked with the brush used to transfer mites) of the two bee strains did not differ in any response parameter. Resistant bees may have a lower threshold for responding by autogrooming when stimulated by mites on their body. C1 ARS, USDA, Honey Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1051/apido:2003050 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747JD UT WOS:000186800700010 ER PT J AU Ladurner, E Bosch, J Maini, S Kemp, WP AF Ladurner, E Bosch, J Maini, S Kemp, WP TI A method to feed individual bees (Hymenoptera : Apiformes) known amounts of pesticides SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE oral toxicity test; individual feeding; Osmia lignaria; Apis mellifera; Megachile rotundata ID HONEY-BEES; POLLINATORS; HAZARD AB We devised a simple method ("flower") to feed bees individually, and compared it with two other methods commonly used ("film canister" and "glass vial"). We tested the three methods on two solitary species, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata, and one social species, Apis mellifera, under four different light regimes ( natural, artificial, plant growth and darkness). The flower method was the most effective for all three bee species: 90 - 95% of the bees fed under natural light, 80 - 95% under artificial light, 75 - 100% under plant growth light, and 45 - 70% in darkness. Percent success was 0 - 50% with the film canister method, and 0 - 60% with the glass vial method. The flower method may allow more comprehensive future evaluation of pesticide effects on bees. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Maini, Stefano/0000-0001-7272-1243; Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1051/apido:2003055 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747JD UT WOS:000186800700011 ER PT J AU Butchko, RAE Plattner, RD Proctor, RH AF Butchko, RAE Plattner, RD Proctor, RH TI FUM9 is required for C-5 hydroxylation of fumonisins and complements the meitotically defined Fum3 locus in Gibberella moniliformis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BIOSYNTHESIS; STRAINS; GENE; CYTOCHROME-P-450; ENCODES AB Deletion of the Gibberella moniliformis FUM9 gene resulted in mutants that produce only famonisins that lack a C-5 hydroxyl group. This phenotype is identical to that of previously described mutants with defective alleles at the meiotically defined Fum3 locus. Transformation with a wild-type FUM9 gene into a Fum3-defective mutant restored wild-type fumonisin production. These results indicate that the FUM9 protein catalyzes the C-5 hydroxylation of fumonisins and that FUM9 and the Fum3 locus are the same gene. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Butchko, RAE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM butchkora@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 11 BP 6935 EP 6937 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6935-6937.2003 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 740XK UT WOS:000186427800074 PM 14602658 ER PT J AU Reveneau, C Adams, SE Cotta, MA Morrison, M AF Reveneau, C Adams, SE Cotta, MA Morrison, M TI Phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids do not affect xylan degradation by Ruminococcus albus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; 3-PHENYLPROPANOIC ACID; ISOLATED HEMICELLULOSE; RUMEN BACTERIA; PURE CULTURES; CELLULOSE; FLAVEFACIENS; GROWTH AB Since the addition of either ruminal fluid or a combination of phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids (PAA/PPA) has previously been shown to dramatically improve cellulose degradation and growth of Ruminococcus albus, it was of interest to determine the effects of these additives on xylan-grown cultures. Although cell-bound xylanase activity increased when either PAA/PPA or ruminal fluid was added to the growth medium, total xylanase did not change, and neither of these supplements affected the growth or xylan-degrading capacity of R. albus 8. Similarly, neither PAA/PPA nor ruminal fluid affected xylan degradation by multiple strains of R. albus when xylan prepared from oat spelts was used as a carbohydrate source. These results show that the xylanolytic potential of R. albus is not conditional on the availability of PAA/PPA or other components of ruminal fluid. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, MAPLE Res Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Morrison, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, MAPLE Res Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 11 BP 6954 EP 6958 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6954-6958.2003 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 740XK UT WOS:000186427800079 PM 14602663 ER PT J AU McAlister, DD Bargeron, JD Godbey, LC AF McAlister, DD Bargeron, JD Godbey, LC TI Using cotton sliver draft force to evaluate textile processing efficiency, part I SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; textile processing; fiber quality; short fiber content; drafting force ID FIBERS AB Fiber bundles in sliver form more closely represent the fiber bundles commonly used in commercial testing. Therefore, this experiment focused on studying drafting force using untwisted fiber bundles (sliver) rather than twisted fiber bundles (roving) as had been previously studied. Four cottons of similar micronaire but different lengths were utilized for this experiment. Ring spun yarns of three different linear densities were produced from each cotton to cover the range of coarse to fine yarns commonly produced in a textile mill. Fiber quality, processing quality, and yarn quality were measured for each cotton in addition to finisher sliver drafting force. The analysis of the data indicates that short fiber content has the greatest impact on drafting force. In addition, it appears to be possible to determine processing waste and spinning efficiency levels through the determination of drafting force of sliver. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP McAlister, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dmcal@clemson.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 637 EP 640 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 757PF UT WOS:000187570100002 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD King, KW Slade, RM AF Harmel, RD King, KW Slade, RM TI Automated storm water sampling on small watersheds SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE storm water sampling; automated sampling; nonpoint source pollution; water quality ID STRATEGIES; ACCURACY AB Few guidelines are currently available to assist in designing appropriate automated storm water sampling strategies for small watersheds. Therefore, guidance is needed to develop strategies that achieve an appropriate balance between accurate characterization of storm water quality and loads and limitations of budget, equipment, and personnel. In this article, we explore the important sampling strategy components (minimum flow threshold, sampling interval, and discrete versus composite sampling) and project-specific considerations (sampling goal, sampling and analysis resources, and watershed characteristics) based on personal experiences and pertinent field and analytical studies. These components and considerations are important in achieving the balance between sampling goals and limitations because they determine how and when samples are taken and the potential sampling error Several general recommendations are made, including: setting low minimum flow thresholds, using flow-interval or variable time-interval sampling, and using composite sampling to limit the number of samples collected. Guidelines are presented to aid in selection of an appropriate sampling strategy based on user's project-specific considerations. Our experiences suggest these recommendations should allow implementation of a successful sampling strategy for most small watershed sampling projects with common sampling goals. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 667 EP 674 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 757PF UT WOS:000187570100006 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV Pierson, FB AF Bonta, JV Pierson, FB TI Design, measurement, and sampling with drop-box weirs SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE weir; sediment; flow measurement; sampler ID 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS; COSHOCTON WHEEL; SEDIMENT; IMPACT; PERFORMANCE; HYDROLOGY; EROSION; RUNOFF; FLOWS; FLUME AB Rangelands, surface mines, construction sites, unprotected and long slopes, gullies, eroding stream channels, and erosion plots will yield large sediment loads under high intensity rainfalls. Conventional flow-measuring devices can easily become clogged with sediment and debris during a major runoff event, resulting in the loss of runoff and sediment records. Flow measurements can also be inaccurate using conventional flow-measuring devices in steep channels. The drop - box weir (DBW) was developed to overcome many of the problems encountered in sediment-laden flow measurement. The weir creates turbulence in a box that entrains and passes sediment through the weir It is not a well-known device, and it has not been widely used. Yet it is only one of two devices suitable for obtaining flow records with large sediment concentrations. It has utility for a range of watershed sizes from small erosion plots to large watersheds. Information on what is known about the design and operation of the DBW, and of sediment sampling approaches using the DBW, was compiled. Weir sizing, rating-curve development, and sampling strategies were presented to facilitate its use and to identify its limitations. There are four known configurations of the DBW: the original weir with upper weir lips; a modification of the DBW for erosion plots (removal of upper weir lips); a modification of the DBW for small watersheds in steep and skewed channels (removal of upper weir lips and use of baffle); and a Korean version of the weir (larger chute opening to minimize blockage of trash - suitable for large and small watersheds). For each of the four configurations, rating tables and weir-sizing guidelines were summarized. Low-flow rating curves must be developed from field data for individual weirs, but laboratory curves can be used for larger flow rates. Curve-fitting procedures are outlined specifically for determining rating-curve equations where field data are obtained. Water samplers designed specifically for use with DBWs are described. Other design considerations are discussed for practical use of DBWs including measurement of stage, maintenance, and sediment traps. Research needs for hydraulic modeling and sediment sampling are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 689 EP 700 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 757PF UT WOS:000187570100008 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Brabec, DL Schwartz, CR AF Pearson, TC Brabec, DL Schwartz, CR TI Automated detection of internal insect infestations in whole wheat kernels using a perten SKCS 4100 SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE weevil; conductance; crush force ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INFESTED WHEAT AB The wheat industry is in need of an automated, economical, and rapid means of detecting whole wheat kernels with internal insect infestation. The feasibility of the Perten Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) to detect internal insect infestations was studied. The SKCS monitors compression force and electrical conductance as individual kernels are crushed. Samples of hard red winter (HRW) wheat and soft red winter (SRW) wheat infested with rice weevil [Sitophilus oryzae (L.)] and lesser grain borer [Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)] were run through the SKCS and the conductance/force signals saved for post-run processing. Algorithms were developed to detect kernels with live internal insects, kernels with dead internal insects, and kernels from which insects have emerged. The conductance signal was used to detect live infestations and the force signal for dead and emerged infestations. Live insect detection rates were 24.5% for small-sized larvae, 62.2% for medium-sized larvae, 87.5% for large-sized larvae, and 88.4% for pupae. The predicted, and observed, false positive (sound kernels classified as infested) rate was 0.01%. Dead insect detection rates were 60.7% for large-sized larvae, 65.1% for pupae, and 72.6% for kernels where the insect emerged. The false positive rate of the dead insect detection algorithm ranged from 0.2% for SRW to 0.5% for HRW. In all cases, insect detection rates were higher for rice weevil than lesser grain borer The classification algorithms were robust for a wide range of moisture contents. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 727 EP 733 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 757PF UT WOS:000187570100012 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Conner, AH Lorenz, LF AF Weimer, PJ Conner, AH Lorenz, LF TI Solid residues from Ruminococcus cellulose fermentations as components of wood adhesive formulations SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMINAL MICROBES; RUMEN BACTERIA; DEGRADATION; CULTURE; ALBUS AB Residues from the fermentation of cellulose by the anaerobic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (strain 7) or Ruminococcus flavefaciens (strains FD-1 or B34b) containing residual cellulose, bacterial cells and their associated adhesins, were examined for their ability to serve as components of adhesives for plywood fabrication. The residues contained differing amounts of protein (0.4-4.2% of dry weight), but the ratios of monosaccharides recovered following two-stage treatment of the residue with detergent (pH 7) and TFA were similar for all three strains (0.71 glucose:0.18 xylose:0.08 mannose:0.02 galactose), suggesting similarities in exopolysaccharide composition. Three-ply aspen panels prepared with fermentation residues (FR) displayed better shear strength and wood failure under dry conditions than following a vacuum/pressure/soak/dry treatment, but adhesive properties were inferior to those prepared with conventional phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. However, panels prepared by incorporating the R. albus 7 FR into PF formulation, at 73% by weight of the total adhesive, exhibited shear strength and wood failure similar to that obtained with PF adhesive alone. Use of residues from fermentations by these bacteria as components of adhesives may add value to biomass fermentations aimed primarily at producing ethanol and other chemical products. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s00253-003-1334-3 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 736XQ UT WOS:000186198900004 PM 12819957 ER PT J AU Howard, RW Baker, JE Morgan, ED AF Howard, RW Baker, JE Morgan, ED TI Novel diterpenoids and hydrocarbons in the dufour gland of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dufour gland; venom apparatus; diterpenes; homo-diterpenes; homo-diterpene alcohols; hydrocarbons; semiochemistry; ectoparositoids ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; DORSAL GLAND; ANTIDORCAS-MARSUPIALIS; HOST DISCRIMINATION; MAMMALIAN PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; SECRETIONS; SIMILARITY; ALKADIENES; COMPONENTS AB Chemical constituents contained in the Dufour gland of the ectoporasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Soy) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were characterized. Three terpenes, beta-springene, a homo-beta-springene, and a homo-geranyllinalool constitute approximately 37% of the gland components, with the remaining 63% all being hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons consist of a homologous series of n-alkanes (n-C-21 to n-C-31), a trace amount of 3-methyl C-23, a homologous series of internally methyl-branched alkanes (11-methyl C-23 to 13-methyl C-35), one dimethylalkone (13,17-dimethyl C-33), a homologous series of monoenes (C-25:1 to C-37:1) with the double bonds located at Delta(9), Delta(13) and Delta(15) for alkenes of carbon number 25 to 31 and at Delta(13) and Delta(15) for carbon numbers 33 to 37 and three homologous dienes in very low amounts with carbon numbers of 31, 32, and 33. The terpenoid and hydrocarbon composition of the Dufour gland was similar in virgin and mated females. However, in contrast to the hydrocarbons, the amount of beta-springene and homo-geranyllinalool increased significantly with time after adult emergence from the cocoon. Although many hydrocarbons in the Dufour gland are the some as those on the cuticle of this species [Howard and Baker, Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 53:1-18 (2003)], substantial differences also occur. Of particular note is the chain length of alkenes and location of the double bonds: cuticular alkenes have a chain length Of C-23 to C-29 and double bond locations at Delta(5), Delta(7), and Delta(9), whereas the Dufour gland alkenes contains a greater range of carbon numbers and have no Delta(5) or Delta(7) alkenes. The Dufour gland contains only one of the long-chain dimethylalkanes found on the cuticle. Also, no terpenoids are found on the cuticle, and the Dufour gland contains none of the secondary wax esters that are major components on the cuticle. GC-MS analysis of lipids carried in the hemolymph of H. hebetor indicated that all hydrocarbons found on both the cuticle and in the Dufour gland are present, as are some of the wax esters. However, none of the terpenoids were detected in the hemolymph. This suggests that the hydrocarbons are synthesized in other tissues or cells, probably by oenocytes, and differentially partitioned between the cuticle and the Dufour gland. The terpenoids are most likely synthesized within the Dufour gland. Analysis of surface lipids from eggs laid within 18 h indicated that no diterpenoids were present. Rather, the lipids present on the eggs were n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, alkenes, and secondary alcohol wax esters. This composition did not reflect that of the Dufour gland, hence eggs are not being coated with Dufour gland components during oviposition. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 54:95-109, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Keele, Dept Chem, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Howard, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 54 IS 3 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1002/arch.10104 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 737CE UT WOS:000186210100001 PM 14571504 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Erkkila, AT Lamarche, B Schwab, US Jalbert, SM Ausman, LM AF Lichtenstein, AH Erkkila, AT Lamarche, B Schwab, US Jalbert, SM Ausman, LM TI Influence of hydrogenated fat and butter on CVD risk factors: remnant-like particles, glucose and insulin, blood pressure and C-reactive protein SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE trans fatty acids; hydrogenated fat; saturated fat; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol; remnant-like particles; C-reactive protein; insulin; glucose; blood pressure ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY-FAT; PLASMA-LIPIDS; RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REFERENCE INTERVALS AB Dietary trans fatty acids/partially-hydrogenated fat has been associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly greater than predicted from changes in lipoprotein levels. To explore this issue further potential risk factors were assessed in subjects provided with each of six diets in randomized order containing as the major source of fat: soybean oil, semi-liquid margarine, soft margarine, shortening, traditional stick margarine or butter. Plasma fatty acid profiles reflected diet, with triglyceride and phospholipid subfractions affected to a greater extent than cholesteryl ester. Non-fasting LDL-cholesterol levels were 144 27, 141 27, 146 26, 148 30, 151 29 and 165 +/- 31 mg/dl (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were 5.50 +/- 1.25, 5.54 +/- 1.50, 5.69 +/- 1.29, 5.82 +/- 1.40, 6.11 +/- 1.30 and 5.94 +/- 1.43 (P = 0.011), respectively, whereas other lipoprotein levels were not significantly different. Remnant-like particles levels were unaffected by dietary fat, either in the fasting or non-fasting state. Differences in fasting insulin and glucose levels were small and would not be predicted to have a large impact on glucose homeostasis. There was no significant effect of dietary fat type on C-reactive protein levels or blood pressure. These data suggest that, as previously demonstrated, the major CVD risk factor adversely affected by dietary trans fatty acids/partially-hydrogenated fat is LDL-cholesterol levels and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Laval, Inst Nutraceut & Funct Foods, Laval, PQ, Canada. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54727] NR 65 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 171 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.07.005 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 753KT UT WOS:000187231100012 PM 14642411 ER PT J AU Valant-Vetschera, KM Roitman, JN Wollenweber, E AF Valant-Vetschera, KM Roitman, JN Wollenweber, E TI Chemodiversity of exudate flavonoids in some members of the Lamiaceae SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Teucrium; Salvia; Phlomis; Dorystoechas; Lamiaceae; exudate flavonoids; diterpene quinone; chemodiversity; chemosystematics ID SECRETED MATERIAL; GLANDULAR HAIRS; SALVIA; CHARACTERS; AGLYCONES; LABIATAE AB Several newly studied species and further accessions of the Lamiaceae have been analyzed for their exudate flavonoid profiles. The principal compounds accumulated were flavones and their 6-methoxy derivatives, whereas flavonols were rarely encountered. The chemodiversity observed was relatively low, with only some 15 derivatives being found. The new data are discussed in relation to published data, and chemosystematic aspects are briefly addressed. Of the studied species, Salvia arizonica yielded only a rare diterpene quinone, demethylfruticulin A. Glandular hair diversification and different qualities of their secretions are briefly discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Valant-Vetschera, KM (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RI Valant-Vetschera, Karin/B-2930-2013 OI Valant-Vetschera, Karin/0000-0003-0951-0050 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1289 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00037-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 737EU UT WOS:000186218000005 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Villeda, H Schroeder, S Polacco, M McMullen, M Havermann, S Davis, G Vroh-Bi, I Cone, K Sharopova, N Yim, Y Schultz, L Duru, N Musket, T Houchins, K Fang, Z Gardiner, J Coe, E AF Sanchez-Villeda, H Schroeder, S Polacco, M McMullen, M Havermann, S Davis, G Vroh-Bi, I Cone, K Sharopova, N Yim, Y Schultz, L Duru, N Musket, T Houchins, K Fang, Z Gardiner, J Coe, E TI Development of an integrated laboratory information management system for the maize mapping project SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-MAP; MARKERS; ALIGNMENT; GENOME AB Motivation: The development of an integrated genetic and physical map for the maize genome involves the generation of an enormous amount of data. Managing this data requires a system to aid in genotype scoring for different types of markers coming from both local and remote users. In addition, researchers need an efficient way to interact with genetic mapping software and with data files from automated DNA sequencing. They also need ways to manage primer data for mapping and sequencing and provide views of the integrated physical and genetic map and views of genetic map comparisons. Results: The MMP-LIMS system has been used successfully in a high-throughput mapping environment. The genotypes from 957 SSR, 1023 RFLP, 189 SNP, and 177 InDel markers have been entered and verified via MMP-LIMS. The system is flexible, and can be easily modified to manage data for other species. The software is freely available. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coe, E (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 16 BP 2022 EP 2030 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg274 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 741FW UT WOS:000186448900003 PM 14594706 ER PT J AU Fang, Z Cone, K Sanchez-Villeda, H Polacco, M McMullen, M Schroeder, S Gardiner, J Davis, G Havermann, S Yim, Y Bi, IV Coe, E AF Fang, Z Cone, K Sanchez-Villeda, H Polacco, M McMullen, M Schroeder, S Gardiner, J Davis, G Havermann, S Yim, Y Bi, IV Coe, E TI iMap: a database-driven utility to integrate and access the genetic and physical maps of maize SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM GENOME; MARKERS; INFORMATION; RESOURCES AB Motivation: Because of the unique biological features, a bioinformatic platform for the integrated genetic and physical map of maize is required for storing, integrating, accessing and visualizing the underlying data. Results: The goal of the Maize Mapping Project is to develop a fully integrated genetic and physical map for maize. To display this integrated map, we have developed iMap. iMap has three main components: a relational database (iMapDB), a map graphic browser (iMap Viewer) and a search utility (iMap Search). iMapDB is populated with current genetic and physical map data, describing relationships among genetic loci, molecular markers and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs. The database also contains integrated information produced by applying a set of anchoring rules to assign BAC contigs to specific locations on the genetic map. The iMap Viewer and iMap Search functions are combined in the user interface to allow viewing and retrieving many types of genetic and physical map data. The iMap Viewer features side-by-side chromosome-based displays of the genetic map and associated BAC contigs. For each genetic locus, information about marker type or contig can be viewed via pop-up windows that feature links to external data resources. Searches can be conducted for genetic locus, probe or sequence accession number; search results include relevant map positions, anchored BAC contigs and links to the graphical display of relevant chromosomes. iMap can be accessed at http://www.maizemap.org. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fang, Z (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 16 BP 2105 EP 2111 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg289 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 741FW UT WOS:000186448900013 PM 14594716 ER PT J AU Aubry, KB Lewis, JC AF Aubry, KB Lewis, JC TI Extirpation and reintroduction of fishers (Martes pennanti) in Oregon: implications for their conservation in the Pacific states SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE fisher; Martes pennanti; overtrapping; habitat loss; translocations; distribution; genetics; status ID CALIFORNIA; SNOW AB Prior to extensive European settlement, the fisher (Martes pennanti) occupied most coniferous forest habitats in Washington, Oregon. and California. Human activities since that time have resulted in the apparent extirpation of fishers throughout much of their historical range in the Pacific states. Fisher extirpations in California and Washington have been documented previously, but no comprehensive assessments of the distribution of fishers in Oregon, the history of their translocation into Oregon, or the conservation of fishers in the Pacific states have been conducted. Our objectives are to (1) review historical information on potential causes for fisher population losses in Oregon, (2) document the history of their translocation into Oregon, (3) describe the distribution of fishers in Oregon relative to those translocations and determine if any were successful, and (4) discuss the implications of our findings for the conservation of fishers in the Pacific states. Our results show that extant populations of fishers in Oregon are restricted to two disjunct and genetically isolated populations in the southwestern portion of the state: one in the southern Cascade Range and one in the northern Siskiyou Mountains. In addition, historical changes in the distribution of fisher occurrence records in Oregon and geographic variation in the genetic composition and size of fishers occurring in southwestern Oregon, show that the population in the southern Cascade Range is reintroduced and is descended from fishers that were translocated to Oregon from British Columbia and Minnesota. The loss of fisher populations from central and northern Oregon and throughout Washington has resulted in the isolation of extant populations in Oregon by > 650 km from those occurring in southern British Columbia. Our results demonstrate that the historical continuity in fisher distribution that once provided for genetic interchange among fisher populations in the Pacific states no longer exists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Aubry, KB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 72 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00003-X PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 715NE UT WOS:000184978000007 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Porter, SD Nordlund, DA Smith, R AF Vogt, JT Porter, SD Nordlund, DA Smith, R TI A modified rearing system for production of Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae), a parasitoid of imported fire ants SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE phorid; parasitoid; rearing; environmental control ID FLIES DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE AB A self-contained, climate-controlled box for exposing fire ants to attack by Pseudacteon parasitoids was developed. The initial system, which is being used to rear Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, consists of large (about 244 cm L x 97 cm W x 50 cm H), well-ventilated boxes ("attack boxes") housed in a climate-controlled room (approx. 28 degreesC, 80% RH, 12:12 (L:D) h). Adult flies emerge into the boxes, which contain live host ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren). Host ants are confined in a series of trays within the box, each containing a pair of inverted cups under which the ants can hide. The cups alternate up and down, inducing the ants to trail back and forth within each tray. A modified system used for Pseudacteon currants Borgmeier consists of closed boxes, through which preconditioned air is pumped to maintain high relative humidity. Steam is used to generate humidity in a small, temperature-controlled room from which conditioned air is drawn, and infrared heating elements mounted above the attack box prevent condensation. This new system maintains high relative humidity (range 80-90%) crucial for activity and survival of P. currants. System performance was monitored in 4 ways: (1) environmental conditions within the system (RH, temperature, dew point, and light intensity); (2) production of P. curvatus; (3) successful development and emergence of P. curvatus; and (4) attack rates throughout the box. The modified system is capable of producing >1400 flies/day/attack box. This system will be useful for researchers with limited space in which rearing and research activities are conducted simultaneously. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 225, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00100-2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 734TB UT WOS:000186073000008 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ AF Caesar, AJ TI Synergistic interaction of soilborne plant pathogens and root-attacking insects in classical biological control of an exotic rangeland weed (vol 28, pg 144, 2003) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Unit, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Unit, Pest Management Res Unit, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 387 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.09.003 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 734TB UT WOS:000186073000013 ER PT J AU Perlis, RH Mischoulon, D Smoller, JW Wan, YJY Lamon-Fava, S Lin, KM Rosenbaum, JF Fava, M AF Perlis, RH Mischoulon, D Smoller, JW Wan, YJY Lamon-Fava, S Lin, KM Rosenbaum, JF Fava, M TI Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and adverse effects with fluoxetine treatment SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE depression; serotonin transporter; fluoxetine; insomnia; agitation; adverse event ID SOCIAL RHYTHM DISRUPTION; STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS; BIPOLAR DEPRESSION; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM; INDUCED AKATHISIA; PROTEIN GENE; RATING-SCALE; PAROXETINE; PROMOTER AB Background: The short (S) allele of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) has been associated with poorer antidepressant response in major depressive disorder (MDD) and with antidepressant-induced mania. This study investigated a possible association with treatment-emergent insomnia or agitation. Methods: Thirty-six outpatients with MDD were genotyped at 5HTTLPR and treated with open-label fluoxetine up to 60 mg/day. Treatment-emergent adverse effects were assessed at each study visit. Results: Of nine subjects homozygous for the "S" allele, seven (78%) developed new or worsening insomnia, versus 6 of 27 (22%) non- "S"-homozygous subjects (Fisher's exact p =.005). Similarly, six of nine subjects homozygous for the "S " allele (67%) developed agitation, versus 2 of 27 (7%) of non-"S"-homozygous subjects (Fisher's exact p =.001). Conclusions: The "S" allele of the 5HTTLPR may identify patients at risk for developing insomnia or agitation with fluoxetine treatment. This preliminary result requires confirmation in larger samples. (C) 2003 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perlis, RH (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, WACC 812,15 Parkman St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA12081]; PHS HHS [R10-MG56057] NR 35 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 54 IS 9 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00424-4 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 734NH UT WOS:000186062000003 PM 14573314 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Schreiner, RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Crop residue and Collembola interact to determine the growth of mycorrhizal pea plants SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; fungivory; glomales; hyphal length; Isotoma ID DECOMPOSING LEAF LITTER; SOIL MICROARTHROPODS; FOLSOMIA-CANDIDA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FUNGI; HYPHAE; AGROECOSYSTEMS; ASSOCIATION; NITROGEN; ROOT AB The effects of collembolan grazing on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth were studied in a controlled experiment utilizing a mix of AM fungi and the dominant collembolan species (Isotoma sp.) indigenous to the experimental soil. Collembolan (+/- Col) effects were examined in the presence and absence of crop residue (+/- Litter) incorporated into the experimental soil. Significant interactions between collembolans and crop residue occurred for mycorrhizal colonization of roots and plant growth. In the absence of crop residue, collembolans reduced root length colonized by AM fungi, total plant dry mass and seed pod yield. However, in the presence of crop residue, collembolans had no effect on root colonization by AM fungi, and increased total plant mass and pod yield. Crop residue increased root colonization by AM fungi, numbers of bacteria and saprophytic fungi (colony forming units), small- (<5 mum) and large- (>5 mum) diameter hyphal lengths in soil, and the final population of collembolans in soil. Collembolans reduced both small- and large-diameter hyphae in soil and the number of saprophytic fungi (colony forming units, p =0.052). Feeding preference experiments conducted in vitro showed that Isotoma sp. preferred to graze on mycorrhizal roots over nonmycorrhizal roots when given no other food choice. However, when crop residue was added as a food choice, Isotoma sp. showed a clear feeding preference for crop residue. We conclude that collembolan grazing on mycorrhizae can be detrimental to plant growth when other fungal food sources are limited, but grazing on mycorrhizal fungi does not occur when ample organic matter and associated saprophytic fungi are present in soils. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD NOV PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0672-8 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 745KA UT WOS:000186686800001 ER PT J AU Bansode, RR Losso, JN Marshall, WE Rao, RM Portier, RJ AF Bansode, RR Losso, JN Marshall, WE Rao, RM Portier, RJ TI Adsorption of volatile organic compounds by pecan shell- and almond shell-based granular activated carbons SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE granular activated carbons; pecan shells; almond shells; volatile organic compounds ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; RAW SUGAR DECOLORIZATION; NUTSHELLS; METALS AB The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of using pecan and almond shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of health concern and known toxic compounds (such as bromo-dichloromethane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1-dichloromethane) compared to the adsorption efficiency of commercially used carbons (such as Filtrasorb 200, Calgon GRC-20, and Waterlinks 206C AW) in simulated test medium. The pecan shell-based GACs were activated using steam, carbon dioxide or phosphoric acid. An almond shell-based GAC was activated with phosphoric acid. Our results indicated that steam- or carbon dioxide-activated pecan shell carbons were superior in total VOC adsorption to phosphoric acid-activated pecan shell or almond shell carbons, inferring that the method of activation selected for the preparation of activated carbons affected the adsorption of VOCs and hence are factors to be considered in any adsorption process. The steam-activated, pecan shell carbon adsorbed more total VOCs than the other experimental carbons and had an adsorption profile similar to the two coconut shell-based commercial carbons, but had greater adsorption than the coal-based commercial carbon. All the carbons studied adsorbed benzene more effectively than the other organics. Pecan shell, steam-activated and acid-activated GACs showed higher adsorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane than the other carbons studied. Multivariate analysis was conducted to group experimental carbons and commercial carbons based on their physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. The results of the analysis conclude that steam-activated and acid-activated pecan shell carbons clustered together with coal-based and coconut shell-based commercial carbons, thus inferring that these experimental carbons could potentially be used as alternative sources for VOC adsorption in an aqueous environment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Food Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RI Bansode, Rishipal/E-9293-2010 OI Bansode, Rishipal/0000-0001-7826-2711 NR 19 TC 97 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 90 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00117-2 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 720MM UT WOS:000185264600010 PM 12895561 ER PT J AU March, JG Benstead, JP Pringle, CM Scatena, FN AF March, JG Benstead, JP Pringle, CM Scatena, FN TI Damming tropical island streams: Problems, solutions, and alternatives SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation; diadromy; impoundments; insular; lotic ID FRESH-WATER SHRIMPS; WEST-INDIES; PUERTO-RICO; PASSAGE FACILITIES; GUADELOUPE ISLAND; LESSER-ANTILLES; UPSTREAM; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES; ESTUARINE AB The combination of human population growth, increased water usage, and limited groundwater resources often leads to extensive damming of rivers and streams on tropical islands. Ecological effects of dams on tropical islands can be dramatic, because the vast majority of native stream faunas (fishes, shrimps, and snails) migrate between freshwater and saltwater during their lives. Dams and associated water withdrawals have been shown to extirpate native faunas from upstream reaches and increase mortality of downstream-drifting larvae. A better understanding of the effects of dams and the behavior of tropical island stream faunas is providing insights into how managers can mitigate the negative effects of existing dams and develop alternatives to dam construction while still providing freshwater for human use. We review the ecological effects of dams on tropical island streams, explore means to mitigate some of these effects, describe alternatives to dam construction, and recommend research priorities. C1 Washington & Jefferson Coll, Dept Biol, Washington, PA 15301 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP March, JG (reprint author), Washington & Jefferson Coll, Dept Biol, Washington, PA 15301 USA. RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 50 TC 88 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2003 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1069 EP 1078 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[1069:DTISPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 741XH UT WOS:000186485300011 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, GC Quiniou, SMA Karsi, A AF Waldbieser, GC Quiniou, SMA Karsi, A TI Rapid development of gene-tagged microsatellite markers from bacterial artificial chromosome clones using anchored TAA repeat primers SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP AB We developed a technique to improve the efficiency of producing TAA repeat microsatellite markers linked to interspecific conserved genes. Template DNA was prepared from cultures derived from single bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) colonies using a simple alkaline lysis miniprep. The presence of conserved genes in each BAC clone was verified by sequencing with gene-specific primers. The BAC templates were directly sequenced using short tandem repeat-anchored primers (STRAPs), consisting of TAA repeats with one or two unique 3' terminal bases. At least one STRAP provided sufficient 3' flanking sequence from each clone for the design of a BAC-specific primer. The BAC-specific primer was used to sequence back through the tandem repeat and obtain 5' flanking sequence, and a second BAC-specific primer was designed for microsatellite genotype analysis. This technique quickly provided microsatellite markers with an average of 15 tandem repeats,for the BAC clones tested. The identification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in these clones permits the identification of alleles linked to candidate genes, placement of conserved genes on genetic linkage maps, and integration of linkage and physical maps. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 NR 9 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD NOV PY 2003 VL 35 IS 5 BP 976 EP + PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 744QL UT WOS:000186643500012 PM 14628671 ER PT J AU Marshall, DD Johnson, GP Hann, DW AF Marshall, DD Johnson, GP Hann, DW TI Crown profile equations for stand-grown western hemlock trees in northwestern Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE TREES; DOUGLAS-FIR; COMPETITION MEASURES; MODELS; SPRUCE; HEIGHT; SHAPE; AREA; CALIFORNIA AB Crown profile equations were developed for stand-grown western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in northwest Oregon. The profile model uses a segmented approach, dividing the crown into an upper and lower portion at the point of the largest crown width (LCW). The model explains about 86% of the variation in crown width when LCW is known but only 66% when LCW is predicted using a model developed from a larger data set collected in the same area as the data for developing the crown profile models were collected. The model can be adjusted using measurements or predictions of LCW for western hemlock in other populations. Comparisons are made with the crown form of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Marshall, DD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625-93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2059 EP 2066 DI 10.1139/X03-126 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 743DZ UT WOS:000186558300001 ER PT J AU Sendak, PE Brissette, JC Frank, RM AF Sendak, PE Brissette, JC Frank, RM TI Silviculture affects composition, growth, and, yield in mixed northern conifers: 40-year results from the Penobscot Experimental Forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB This long-term experiment in Maine, U.S.A., was designed to provide information on the best silvicultural practices for managing stands of mixed northern conifers in northeastern U.S.A. We evaluated growth and yield and changes in species composition, quality, and structure during the first 40 years of the experiment. Replicated treatments include the selection system, uniform shelterwood, unregulated harvesting, and diameter-limit cutting. The new cohort established under three-stage shelterwood was subsequently left untreated or precommercially thinned. Between-treatment differences in net volume growth were not significant (alpha = 0.10), though gross volume growth differed significantly for managed vs. unmanaged, selection vs. shelterwood, and shelterwood vs. diameter-limit treatments. A three-stage shelterwood method with precommercial thinning 10 years following final overstory removal resulted in good control of hardwoods and hemlock and a dramatic increase in spruce and fir. The selection system on a 5-year cutting cycle resulted in increased hemlock, spruce, and fir, with a decrease in hardwood species. If the primary goal were production, even-aged management would most likely be preferred. We recommend a two-stage shelterwood method as applied in this experiment with some modification to improve species composition and stand quality. Stand quality (proportion of stand volume in cull trees) and species composition was influenced by treatment. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. RP Sendak, PE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2116 EP 2128 DI 10.1139/X03-140 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 743DZ UT WOS:000186558300008 ER PT J AU Aldrich, PR Parker, GR Michler, CH Romero-Severson, J AF Aldrich, PR Parker, GR Michler, CH Romero-Severson, J TI Whole-tree silvic identifications and the microsatellite genetic structure of a red oak species complex in an Indiana old-growth forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID Q-ELLIPSOIDALIS FAGACEAE; QUERCUS-RUBRA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; APOSTLE ISLANDS; HYBRIDIZATION; WISCONSIN; CHARACTERS; INFERENCE AB The red oaks (Quercus section Lobatae) include important timber species, but we know little about their gene pools. Red oak species can be difficult to identify, possibly because of extensive interspecific hybridization, although most evidence of this is morphological. We used 15 microsatellite loci to examine the genetic composition of a red oak community in 20.6 ha of an Indiana old-growth forest. The community included northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.), and pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.). Species were identified using whole-tree silvic characters, the approach most often implemented by foresters. We found high genetic diversity within species but limited genetic differences between species. Phenetic clustering showed that Q. rubra and Q. shumardii were more genetically similar than either was to Q. palustris, but a neighbor-joining tree revealed that individuals of the different species did not resolve into single-species clusters. We identified four mixed-species subpopulations using Structure, a computer program based on Monte Carlo simulation. The three largest groups are consistent with the following biological interpretations: (i) pure Q. rubra, (ii) Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and their hybrids, and (iii) Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, Q. palustris, and their hybrids. We discuss the implications of these findings for the whole-tree silvic approach to selection and for management of the red oak gene pool. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA,Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aldrich, PR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA,Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/B-5259-2011 OI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/0000-0003-4112-7238 NR 44 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2228 EP 2237 DI 10.1139/X03-160 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 743DZ UT WOS:000186558300019 ER PT J AU Zhang, SMM Willett, WC Selhub, J Manson, JAE Colditz, GA Hankinson, SE AF Zhang, SMM Willett, WC Selhub, J Manson, JAE Colditz, GA Hankinson, SE TI A prospective study of plasma total cysteine and risk of breast cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; UTERINE CERVIX; AMINO-ACIDS; GLUTATHIONE; HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE; CONSUMPTION AB Cysteine is the precursor of glutathione, a powerful intracellular antioxidant and an important detoxifying agent of carcinogens. However, data relating plasma total cysteine to breast cancer risk are sparse. We conducted a prospective nested case-control study among 32,826 women in the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood specimens during 1989-1990. Through 1996, a total of 712 incident breast cancer cases were identified and individually matched to 712 controls by year of birth, time of day that blood was drawn, fasting status, month of blood sampling, recent use of postmenopausal hormones at the time of blood collection, and menopausal status. Conditional logistic regression with adjustment for other risk factors for breast cancer was used to estimate the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of breast cancer by levels of plasma total cysteine. Higher plasma total cysteine concentrations were significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. For women in the highest quintile of plasma total cysteine, compared with those in the lowest quintile, the multivariate relative risk was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.74). This association was dose dependent (P for trend = 0.002) and independent of plasma measures of folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and total homocysteine. The inverse association between plasma total cysteine concentrations and risk of breast cancer was not significantly modified by other risk factors for breast cancer, except that a stronger association was observed among women who were leaner. The findings from this prospective study suggest that higher plasma concentrations of total cysteine predict a reduced risk of breast cancer. Cysteine or its precursors might have the potential to be chemopreventive against breast cancer. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zhang, SMM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA49449, CA87969] NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1188 EP 1193 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 750NB UT WOS:000187001700010 PM 14652279 ER PT J AU Lian, FZ Zhuang, ZJ Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Lian, FZ Zhuang, ZJ Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Retinoic acid supplementation partially restored alcohol-reduced plasma IGF-I concentration and hepatic IGF-I expression in chronic alcohol-fed rats SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1317S EP 1318S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300160 ER PT J AU Lavigne, JA Judd, JT Wimbrow, HH Albert, PS Reichman, ME Campbell, WS Barrett, JC Clevidence, BA Hursting, SD Taylor, PR AF Lavigne, JA Judd, JT Wimbrow, HH Albert, PS Reichman, ME Campbell, WS Barrett, JC Clevidence, BA Hursting, SD Taylor, PR TI Effects of alcohol and menstrual cycle on insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 NCI, CCR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1339S EP 1339S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300244 ER PT J AU Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Effects of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the production of beta-apo-carotenals and retinoids from beta-carotene in the lung tissues of cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets in vitro. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1344S EP 1344S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300264 ER PT J AU Veeramachaneni, S Chung, J Russell, R Wang, XD AF Veeramachaneni, S Chung, J Russell, R Wang, XD TI Effects of all-trans-retinoic acid and vitamin E supplementation on hepatic retinoid concentrations, CYP2E1 expression and hepatocyte proliferation in ethanol-fed rats SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1354S EP 1354S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300302 ER PT J AU Mason, JA Jacobs, PM Greene, RSB Nettleton, WD AF Mason, JA Jacobs, PM Greene, RSB Nettleton, WD TI Sedimentary aggregates in the Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE loess; aggregates; particle size analysis; laser diffractometry; luminescence dating; Nebraska ID PARTICLE-SIZE ANALYSIS; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; LASER DIFFRACTOMETRY; TRANSPORT DIRECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PIPETTE-METHOD; UNITED-STATES; SOILS; DUST; CLAY AB Loess grain size data used to infer transport direction or wind strength are generally derived from vigorously disaggregated samples. However, these data may not adequately represent the effective particle size distribution during loess transport, if the transported dust contained aggregates of fine-grained material. Thin sections of minimally altered C and BC horizons in the late Pleistocene Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA, indicate the presence of aggregates with diameters of 30-1000 mum. The larger aggregates (>250 mum) are unlikely to have been transported, and are interpreted as the result of soil faunal activity and other pedogenic processes after deposition. Aggregates smaller than 250 mum could have a similar origin, but laser diffraction particle size analysis suggests that many are sedimentary particles. Comparison of minimally and fully dispersed particle size distributions from each sampling site was used to estimate the modal diameter of aggregates. The aggregate modal diameter becomes finer with decreasing loess thickness, representing increasing distance from the source. A similar trend was observed in the modal diameter of fully dispersed particle size distributions, which represents the mode of sand and silt transported as individual grains. We interpret both trends as the result of sorting during transport, supporting the interpretation that many of the aggregates were transported rather than formed in place. Aggregate content appears to increase with distance from the source, explaining a much more rapid downwind increase in clay content than would be expected if clay were transported as particles smaller than 2 mum diameter. Although the Peoria Loess of Nebraska contains sedimentary aggregates, many of the coarse silt and sand grains in this loess were transported as primary particles, were thoroughly exposed to sunlight and are potentially well suited for luminescence dating. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Geol, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Sch Resources Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Mason, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, 113 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jmason2@unl.edu NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 377 EP 397 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(03)00073-0 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 729ZW UT WOS:000185805600005 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Massa, AN AF Morris, CF Massa, AN TI Puroindoline genotype of the US National Institute of Standards & Technology Reference Material 8441, wheat hardness SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RED SPRING WHEAT; GRAIN HARDNESS; CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; SEQUENCE TYPE; REGISTRATION; FRIABILIN; ENDOSPERM; PROTEINS; QUALITY AB Grain hardness (kernel texture) is of central importance in the quality and utilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. Two major classes, soft and hard, are delineated in commerce and in the Official U.S. Standards for Grain. However, measures of grain hardness are empirical and require reference materials for instrument standardization. For AACC Approved Methods employing near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and the Single Kernel Characterization System (39-70A and 55-31, respectively), such reference materials were prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Federal Grain Inspection Service. The material was comprised of genetically pure commercial grain lots of five soft and five hard wheat cultivars and was made available through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (SRM 8441, Wheat Hardness). However, since their establishment, the molecular-genetic basis of wheat grain hardness has been shown to result from puroindoline a and b. Consequently, we sought to define the puroindoline genotype of these 10 wheat cultivars and more fully characterize their kernel texture through Particle Size Index (PSI, Method 55-30) and Quadrumat flour milling. NIR, SKCS, and Quadrumat break flour yield grouped the hard and soft cultivars into discrete texture classes; PSI did not separate completely the two classes. Although all four of these methods of texture measurement were highly intercorrelated, each was variably influenced by some minor, secondary factors. Among the hard wheats, the two hard red spring wheat cultivars that possess the Pina-D1b (a-null) hardness allele were harder than the hard red winter wheat cultivars that possess the Pinb-D1b allele based on NIR, PSI, and break flour yield. Among the soft wheat samples, SKCS grouped the Eastern soft red winter cultivars separate from the Western soft white. A more complete understanding of texture-related properties of these and future wheat samples is vital to the use and calibration of kernel texture-measuring instruments. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 6 BP 674 EP 678 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.6.674 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 742RQ UT WOS:000186532200006 ER PT J AU Goffman, FD Bergman, C AF Goffman, FD Bergman, C TI Relationship between hydrolytic rancidity, oil concentration, and esterase activity in rice bran SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; STARCH AB Hydrolytic rancidity restricts the utilization of rice bran, reducing its potential value. In the present study, three groups of eight rice cultivars each displaying different levels of oil concentration (high, medium, and low) were cultivated in 1999 and 2000 under field conditions and evaluated for oil content, hydrolytic rancidity, and esterase activity in the bran fraction. Genotype effects were statistically significant for all measured traits (P < 0.05), whereas environment (year) was nonsignificant. Hydrolytic rancidity was strongly correlated with esterase activity (r = 0.89***), but not with oil concentration (r = -0.01). A wide variation was found for both hydrolytic rancidity and esterase activity, which ranged from 6.8 to 56.0 mg of C8:0/g of bran (CV = 49.1%) and from 4.3 to 22.8 mg of C8:0/g of bran (CV = 34.3%), respectively. Red bran displayed the-lowest values for both hydrolytic rancidity (mean = 10.2 mg of C8:0/g of bran) and esterase activity (mean = 5.4 mg of C8:0/g of bran). Apparently, the low values for hydrolytic rancidity were related to the inhibition effect of bran tannins on lipase activity. In conclusion, cultivar variation was detected for both hydrolytic rancidity and esterase activity in the studied genotypes, esterase activity being the principal factor, explaining the variation found for the former trait. Therefore, it may be possible to create new cultivars with increased stability against hydrolytic rancidity by selecting for lower esterase activity. C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Goffman, FD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 6 BP 689 EP 692 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.6.689 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 742RQ UT WOS:000186532200009 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Jones, KC Lee, KT Kim, MR Foglia, TA AF Lee, JH Jones, KC Lee, KT Kim, MR Foglia, TA TI High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of structured lipids produced by interesterification of macadamia oil with tributyrin and tricaprylin SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE column liquid chromatography; evaporative light-scattering detection; APCI mass spectrometer; low-calorie structured lipids; macadamia oil ID LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; HPLC; TRIGLYCERIDES AB Short and medium-chain triacylglycerols, namely tributyrin (1,2,3-tributyrylglycerol) and tricaprylin (1,2,3-trioctanoylglycerol), were interesterified with macadamia oil using an immobilized lipase as biocatalyst. Both normal phase (silica column; NPSIL) and reverse phase (ODS column) HPLC with evaporative light scattering or mass spectrometric detection were used to separate and identify the newly-synthesized, structured lipid products. The normal phase method separated the structured lipid triacylglycerols on the basis of their regioisomeric-structures. Analysis of the structured triacylglycerols by a non-aqueous, reverse-phase method separated the regioisomeric triacylglycerols based on their total carbon number. From these analyses, it was found that of the triacylglycerol species produced by interesterification of macadamia nut oil with tributyrin or tricaprylin 77.6 and 94.1%, respectively, were structured lipid products. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Taejon 305764, South Korea. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM ktlee@cnu.ac.kr NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD NOV PY 2003 VL 58 IS 9-10 BP 653 EP 658 DI 10.1365/s10337-03-0096-5 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 846KK UT WOS:000223314200016 ER PT J AU Mote, PW Parson, E Hamlet, AF Keeton, WS Lettenmaier, D Mantua, N Miles, EL Peterson, D Peterson, DL Slaughter, R Snover, AK AF Mote, PW Parson, E Hamlet, AF Keeton, WS Lettenmaier, D Mantua, N Miles, EL Peterson, D Peterson, DL Slaughter, R Snover, AK TI Preparing for climatic change: The water, salmon, and forests of the Pacific Northwest SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; UNITED-STATES; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; COUPLED MODEL; RADIAL GROWTH; SEA-ICE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; FORECASTS AB The impacts of year-to-year and decade-to-decade climatic variations on some of the Pacific Northwest's key natural resources can be quantified to estimate sensitivity to regional climatic changes expected as part of anthropogenic global climatic change. Warmer, drier years, often associated with El Nino events and/or the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, tend to be associated with below-average snowpack, streamflow, and flood risk, below-average salmon survival, below-average forest growth, and above-average risk of forest fire. During the 20th century, the region experienced a warming of 0.8degreesC. Using output from eight climate models, we project a further warming of 0.5-2.5degreesC (central estimate 1.5degreesC) by the 2020s, 1.5-3.2degreesC (2.3degreesC) by the 2040s, and an increase in precipitation except in summer. The foremost impact of a warming climate will be the reduction of regional snowpack, which presently supplies water for ecosystems and human uses during the dry summers. Our understanding of past climate also illustrates the responses of human management systems to climatic stresses, and suggests that a warming of the rate projected would pose significant challenges to the management of natural resources. Resource managers and planners currently have few plans for adapting to or mitigating the ecological and economic effects of climatic change. C1 Univ Washington, JISAO, SMA, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Richard Slaughter Assoc, Boise, ID USA. RP Mote, PW (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, SMA, Climate Impacts Grp, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 81 TC 197 Z9 201 U1 4 U2 83 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2003 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 88 DI 10.1023/A:1026302914358 PG 44 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 738DU UT WOS:000186272100005 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, W Elder, K AF Rosenthal, W Elder, K TI Evidence of chaos in slab avalanching SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2002 CL PENTICTON, CANADA DE avalanches; avalanche forecasting; chaos; snow avalanches ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; DIMENSION AB We present evidence that slab avalanching is a chaotic process. We studied a set of 8062 avalanches running on more than 140 paths at Mammoth Mountain, CA between November 1982 and May 2002. Cumulative crown size distributions over the entire mountain and on individual paths are scale invariant and appear to form a multifractal set; chaotic systems often exhibit such statistics. We examine avalanche control data from 416 days on a single path over the same 20-year period and reconstruct the phase space portrait and resulting attractor for crown size. Three independent tests indicate the time series is deterministic: plateauing of the correlation dimension with increasing embedding dimension, the correlation dimension of the attractor compared against the correlation dimensions of surrogate sets of random data and a measure of trajectory alignments for neighboring points in phase space. These tests, coupled with non-periodic and non-intersecting phase space trajectories, suggest the attractor is a strange attractor and that slab avalanching is a chaotic process. We examine and reject two likely non-chaotic sources of crown size scaling: new snow layering and topography. We discuss three factors that might contribute to chaotic avalanche behavior: scaling, the deposition and evolution of snow layers and the mechanics of slab release. If slab avalanching is a chaotic process, then subresolution processes and system sensitivity to initial conditions preclude purely physical models of long-term slab evolution and release. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93546 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rosenthal, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, POB 7457,Mammoth Lakes, Santa Barbara, CA 93546 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00068-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 739TX UT WOS:000186363500004 ER PT J AU Hebertson, EG Jenkins, MJ AF Hebertson, EG Jenkins, MJ TI Historic climate factors associated with major avalanche years on the Wasatch Plateau, Utah SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2002 CL PENTICTON, CANADA DE snow avalanches; intermountain climate; tree-ring analyses; disturbance ecology ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; COLORADO; USA AB This study examined climate factors associated with major avalanche years on the Wasatch Plateau in south-central Utah. Dendro-ecological methods were used to date the occurrence of avalanche events in 16 avalanche paths during the period of 1928-1996. From this information, the probability of avalanche occurrence in each path for each year was calculated, and used to distinguish major avalanche years. The resulting avalanche chronologies indicated that 14 large widespread avalanche events occur-red on the Wasatch Plateau between 1928 and 1996. Logistic regression and classification tree analyses were used to examine relationships between climate variables and the probability of major avalanche years. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that mean January snowfall was significantly related (p < 0.0001) to the probability of major avalanche years, although model correlations were extremely low. Variability in the data resulting from path differences, potential dating errors, the lack of complete historic climate records and the absence of snow pack information may have prohibited obtaining higher model correlations. The model, however, may help substantiate explanations of avalanche formation and initiation in the Intermountain region, or serve to generate alternative hypotheses for predicting major avalanche events. Avalanche professionals and land managers can use this information to augment conventional strategies for protection, forecasting, land use planning and management. This information also has broad ecological implications for increasing our understanding of major avalanches as important disturbances of Intermountain alpine and subalpine ecosystems. (C) 2003 Elsevier BY All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Ogden Field Off, USDA, Ogden, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hebertson, EG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ogden Field Off, USDA, Ogden, UT USA. NR 71 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 315 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00073-9 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 739TX UT WOS:000186363500009 ER PT J AU Kozak, MC Elder, K Birkeland, K Chapman, P AF Kozak, MC Elder, K Birkeland, K Chapman, P TI Variability of snow layer hardness by aspect and prediction using meteorological factors SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2002 CL PENTICTON, CANADA DE skier-triggered avalanches; hardness; temperature index ID STABILITY; COVER AB The majority of slab avalanche accidents occur when the victim triggers the slide. Slab hardness is an important property affecting skier-triggered avalanches because hardness partially determines whether sufficient stress reaches the weak layer to cause failure and/or fracture. This study examines how new and old snow layer hardness varies with aspect and which meteorological variables most influence those changes. Slab hardness was measured with a ram penetrometer on north and south aspects from January through March, 2000 at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort and Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Continuous weather data were obtained from weather stations at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort. Analyses were carried out on new and older near-surface snow layers. New snow layer hardness increased most rapidly on the south aspect due to accelerated settlement and densification from warming by incoming shortwave radiation. With the exception of the surface layer, old snow layers, 2 months after deposition, became harder on the north aspect in comparison to the south aspect. A temperature index was calculated for the south and north aspects to describe the delayed effect of increasing temperature on increasing hardness through sintering, settlement, and densification. The south temperature index, maximum daily temperature, and the interaction between maximum daily temperature and incoming shortwave radiation were the most significant predictors of new snow layer hardness on the south aspect. The north temperature index, maximum daily temperature, and the previous day's wind speed were the most significant predictors of new snow layer hardness on the north aspect. The temperature index was the only significant predictor of old snow layer hardness on both the north and south aspects. The results of this research suggest that it may be possible to use meteorological factors to predict changes in snow hardness, which is an important component in predicting skier-triggered avalanches. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, USDA, Bozeman, MT USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kozak, MC (reprint author), POB 1462, Wilson, WY 83014 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00076-4 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 739TX UT WOS:000186363500012 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Millspaugh, JJ Schulz, JH Jones, SB Mong, T AF Washburn, BE Millspaugh, JJ Schulz, JH Jones, SB Mong, T TI Using fecal glucocorticoids for stress assessment in mourning doves SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Columbiformes; corticosterone; feces; noninvasive; physiology; radioimmunoassay; stress ID ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS GAMBELII; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; TAILED DEER; CORTICOSTERONE; MODULATION; METABOLISM; EXCRETION AB Fecal glucocorticoid assays provide a potentially useful, noninvasive means to study physiological responses of wildlife to various stressors. The objective of our study was to validate a method for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) feces. We validated the assay using standard procedures (e.g., parallelism, recovery of exogenous corticosterone) to demonstrate that the assay accurately and precisely measured glucocorticoid metabolites in Mourning Dove fecal extracts. We conducted adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge experiments to validate the assay's ability to determine biologically important changes in fecal glucocorticoids. Fecal glucocorticoid levels increased significantly approximately 2-3 hr after administration of ACTH at 50 IU per kg body mass to wild Mourning Doves held in captivity. In contrast, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites did not increase in control birds, birds that received saline injections, or a lower dose of ACTH (1 IU per kg body mass). Variation in overall fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels may have been influenced by season and the length of time birds were held in captivity. Noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses, in combination with demographic information, may have considerable utility for monitoring the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on Mourning Dove populations. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2003 VL 105 IS 4 BP 696 EP 706 DI 10.1650/7216 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 741TX UT WOS:000186477400007 ER PT J AU Bautista-Banos, S Hernandez-Lopez, M Bosquez-Molina, E Wilson, CL AF Bautista-Banos, S Hernandez-Lopez, M Bosquez-Molina, E Wilson, CL TI Effects of chitosan and plant extracts on growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, anthracnose levels and quality of papaya fruit SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Carica papaya; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; papaya extract; custard apple extract; natural compounds ID BELL PEPPER FRUIT; CYTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; ROOT-ROT; STORAGE; CROWN AB The objectives of this research were to evaluate the in vitro fungicidal effect of chitosan and aqueous extracts of custard apple leaves, papaya leaves and papaya seeds; and the combination of chitosan and plant extracts on the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose on papaya. Chitosan at 2.0% and 3.0% had a fungicidal effect on C. gloeosporioides. Extracts alone did not show any fungicidal effect while the combination of 2.5% chitosan with all the tested extracts had a fungistatic rather than fungicidal effect. Changes in the conidial morphology of C. gloeosporioides were observed with 1.5% chitosan concentration after 7 h incubation. For in situ studies, control of anthracnose disease was obtained with 1.5% chitosan applied before C. gloeosporioides inoculation. Phomopsis was most frequently isolated from the non-inoculated fruit. Chitosan applications did not influence the content of total solid solubles or percentage weight loss during the storage of papaya fruit. However, there was a tendency toward greater firmness in fruit treated with the papaya seed extract alone or combined with chitosan. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl Carr, Ctr Desarrollo Prod, San Isidro Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl Carr, Ctr Desarrollo Prod Bioticos, San Isidro Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bautista-Banos, S (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl Carr, Ctr Desarrollo Prod, Yautepec Jojutla Km 8-5, San Isidro Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. NR 23 TC 93 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1087 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00117-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 732LX UT WOS:000185948800002 ER PT J AU Palou, L Smilanick, JL Crisosto, CH Mansour, M Plaza, P AF Palou, L Smilanick, JL Crisosto, CH Mansour, M Plaza, P TI Ozone gas penetration and control of the sporulation of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum within commercial packages of oranges during cold storage SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE citrus; green mold; blue mold; ozonation; postharvest decay management ID EXPOSURE AB Ozone gas penetration through packaging materials and its effectiveness in controlling sporulation of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum were evaluated on artificially inoculated and commercially packed 'Lanelate' oranges stored at 12.8degreesC and exposed to an average ozone concentration of 0.72 ppm (v/v) for 14 days. Inoculated control fruit were stored in a non-ozonated room with the same environmental conditions. Oranges were packed naked in California standard citrus cartons, naked or bagged (in polyethylene bags) in vented RPCs (returnable plastic containers), or bagged in fiberboard Master cartons. Ozone penetration was strongly dependent on the vented area of each type of package, and while it was very low through fiberboard cartons or polyethylene bags (9-17%), it was acceptable through RPCs (82%). Sporulation inhibition of both P. digitatum and P. italicum was clearly related to ozone penetration and it was satisfactory only on oranges packed naked in RPCs. Since the gas was not able to penetrate through fiberboard cartons or plastic bags, which are commonly used in California and worldwide for commercial packaging of not only citrus but a large variety of fruits and vegetables, the practical use of ozone gas exposure during storage for the treatment of fresh produce is limited to highly vented packages or open-top containers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Parlier, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Pomol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Ctr UdL IRTA, CeRTA, Area Postcollita, Catalonia 25198, Spain. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012 OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814 NR 5 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1131 EP 1134 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00145-5 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 732LX UT WOS:000185948800008 ER PT J AU Blount, AR Gates, RN Pfahler, PL Quesenberry, KH AF Blount, AR Gates, RN Pfahler, PL Quesenberry, KH TI Early plant selection effects on crown traits in Pensacola bahiagrass with selection cycle SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; FORAGE YIELDS; MANAGEMENT; ROTATIONS; COTTON AB A positive relationship between crown traits of greenhouse-grown plants and crown development in the field would allow for the efficient evaluation of large populations of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) for rapid stand establishment. The objective of this study was to determine if young plants exhibiting greater crown vigor (expressed as rapid crown area growth and profuse tillering) in the greenhouse would result in larger, more vigorous plants when grown in the field. Fifty young bahiagrass plants, from each of four cycles (C0, C4, C9, and C23) resulting from recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS), were evaluated in the greenhouse for plant vigor, crown width, crown wet weight, and tiller number. Plants were transplanted to the field and crown area was determined at 6 and 15 mo after establishment. Crown vigor of greenhouse plants was greatest for C4 and C9 plants. Vigor ratings for C9 plants were smaller (P < 0.05) than C4 in Exp. 2, but larger than C0 and C23. Crown area, crown wet weight, and tillering of the greenhouse plants favored plants from C4 populations. Greenhouse plants of C23 generally had smaller crowns and less tillering. Crown area of individual plants from greenhouse plants, for all cycles, was positively correlated with crown area in the field after 6 mo following transplanting (r = 0.74 to 0.87 for Exp. 1 and 0.75 to 0.93 for Exp. 2). At 15 mo after transplanting to the field, bahiagrass crowns had filled the area between spaced plants. Selecting young superior bahiagrass plants in the greenhouse should aid breeders in developing germplasm that could hasten field establishment. C1 Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32311 USA. RP Blount, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1996 EP 1998 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 741UA UT WOS:000186477700013 ER PT J AU Devine, TE AF Devine, TE TI The Pd2 and Lf2 loci define soybean linkage group 16 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE AB Despite progress made in constructing the molecular map of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.], many genes remain to be located on the classical map. The genetic linkage studies reported here were undertaken to advance the construction of the classical genetic map. Hybridizations were made in the field and the F-2 and F-3 generations were produced and classified in the greenhouse or field at Beltsville, MD. Data were tested by chi-square for single-factor segregation and linkage. Recombination estimates were made by the maximum likelihood method. The Lf2 locus (controlling leaflet number) segregated independently of the T, Ln, W1, Rj1, F, Y17, Df4, Fr2, and Pc loci. The Pd2 locus (controlling pubescence density) segregated independently of the W1 locus. The chi-square for Lf2 and Pd2 strongly indicated linkage. The recombination frequency between the Lf2 and Pd2 loci was estimated at 12 +/- 2.2%. Soybean breeders attempting to couple or decouple the Lf2 and Pd2 alleles in their breeding populations should take cognizance of this linkage association in estimating the population sizes required to achieve their goals. C1 USDA, ARS,Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), USDA, ARS,Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Ctr W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2028 EP 2030 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 741UA UT WOS:000186477700017 ER EF