FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU BAGGETT, JR HAMPTON, RO AF BAGGETT, JR HAMPTON, RO TI INHERITANCE OF VIRAL BEAN LEAF ROLL TOLERANCE IN PEAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VEGETABLE BREEDING; PISUM-SATIVUM ID APHID-TRANSMITTED VIRUS; BORNE MOSAIC-VIRUS; PISUM-SATIVUM; PERSISTENT; RESISTANCE; YELLOWS AB The inheritance of tolerance to infection by bean leaf roll luteovirus (BLRV) in Pisum sativum L. was studied in the cross of cv. Parlay (sensitive to BLRV infection) x cv. Oregon Sugarpod II (BLRV tolerant). The parents, reciprocal F1, back-crosses, F2, and 234 random F3 families were screened in 1986 and 1987 in the field at Twin Falls, Idaho, under natural BLRV inoculation by aphids. Overall disease index scores for the F1, F2, and F3 were about intermediate between indices of the parents, with the F1 usually slightly higher than midparent values. Backcross disease indices were intermediate between the F1 and the respective parent involved. Distribution of individual F3 family indices was continuous and semi-normal. BLRV-sensitivity ranges within parents and selected cultivars, as well as segregating populations showed continuous variation and differed between the 2 years, suggesting that expression of a major gene was significantly influenced by natural variation in BLRV inoculation pressure and timing. An apparent "additive gene action" was probably an artifact of nonuniform timing and levels of infection within plant populations. Chi-square analyses of segregating populations indicated that a major recessive gene, called lrv, conferred BLR disease tolerance. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BAGGETT, JR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 116 IS 4 BP 728 EP 731 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FU027 UT WOS:A1991FU02700030 ER PT J AU SHELLIE, KC HOSFIELD, GL AF SHELLIE, KC HOSFIELD, GL TI GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON FOOD QUALITY OF COMMON BEAN - RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TESTING PROCEDURES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; COOKING TIME; SEED PROTEIN; WATER ABSORPTION; VARIANCE COMPONENTS; PLANT BREEDING ID COOKING TIME; DRY BEANS; YIELD; VARIABILITY; CULTIVAR AB Genetic and environmental interactions for bean cooking time, water absorption, and protein content were estimated with 10 dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown at three locations in Rwanda, Africa, during five consecutive harvests. The genotypic variance component was larger than genotype x environment variance components for the cooking time index and percent water absorption. No significant genotypic effect was observed for seed protein content. The phenotypic correlation (-0.37) between the cooking time index and percent water absorption was not strong enough to justify the use of water absorption as an indirect selection method for cooking time. The most efficient allocation of resources to evaluate the cooking time of common bean cultivars with a 25-pin bar-drop cooker was four field replications over two harvests at two locations. Water absorption was evaluated most efficiently with four field replications over two harvests at a single location. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 116 IS 4 BP 732 EP 736 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FU027 UT WOS:A1991FU02700031 ER PT J AU HOPPER, ML KING, JW AF HOPPER, ML KING, JW TI ENHANCED SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF PESTICIDES FROM FOODS USING PELLETIZED DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL DIET; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY; PRODUCTS AB Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), when used with an extraction enhancer, comprises a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system for extraction of pesticides and matrix components from fatty and nonfatty foods. After being mixed with the enhancer, samples ranging from 95% water to pure lipophilic oils can be extracted efficiently with SC-CO2. This extraction technique yields analyte recoveries in excess of 85% for over 30 types of pesticides at incurred levels ranging from 0.005 to 2 ppm in such diverse matrixes as carrots, lettuce, peanut butter, hamburger, and fortified butter fat and fortified potatoes. SC-CO2 provides a solvent medium that is nontoxic, nonflammable, and inexpensive while also eliminating the use and disposal of potentially carcinogenic organic solvents. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP HOPPER, ML (reprint author), US FDA,TOTAL DIET RES CTR,1009 CHERRY ST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106, USA. NR 18 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 661 EP 666 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FX402 UT WOS:A1991FX40200018 PM 1917813 ER PT J AU MUELLER, TC MOORMAN, TB AF MUELLER, TC MOORMAN, TB TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF FLUOMETURON AND METABOLITES IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB A rapid, sensitive method is described for the determination of fluometuron and its soil metabolites in 4 soil types. The method consists of extraction of moist soil samples with methanol, filtration, liquid chromatographic separation of methanol-soluble components using a C18 column, and fluorescence detection with excitation at 292 nm and emission measured at 345 nm. Fluometuron recoveries from fortified soils were > 90% from the Dundee, Okalona, Cecil, and Ships soils. Recoveries from a Dundee silt loam for desmethyl fluometuron, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl urea, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline were 77, 77, and 35%, respectively. Average percent relative standard deviations of Dundee soil extracts were 5.3% for fluometuron and < 8.0% for each metabolite. The limit of detection for fluometuron and each of its soil metabolites was 25 ng/g soil. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 671 EP 673 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FX402 UT WOS:A1991FX40200020 ER PT J AU ENDO, BY NICKLE, WR AF ENDO, BY NICKLE, WR TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM, LUMEN, AND ASSOCIATED BACTERIA IN HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE ULTRASTRUCTURE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; NEMATODA ID ANTERIOR ALIMENTARY-TRACT; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; LARVAE; CONCRETIONS; TYLENCHIDA; INFECTION; MIDGUT AB Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is an obligate parasite of insects that contains the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus luminescens, in its intestinal lumen. Ultrastructural observations were made of the intestinal epithelium, lumen, and associated bacteria. The oligocytous intestine of the infective juvenile of H. bacteriophora has junctional complexes that delineate the boundaries of cells forming the intestinal lumen. Fine structure of the intestinal cells includes microvilli on the apical membranes bordered by a dense matrix of vesicular endoplasmic reticulum and accumulations of variably stained electron-dense granules within each cell. Rod-shaped granules within each cell. Rod-shaped bacterial cells occur singly or en masse in the lumen of the intestine. Some bacteria appear to undergo autolysis or show interaction with the lumen contents. RP ENDO, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 202 EP 212 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA GD363 UT WOS:A1991GD36300009 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA AF LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA TI A REDESCRIPTION OF OSTERTAGIA-BISONIS (NEMATODA, TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) AND A KEY TO SPECIES OF OSTERTAGIINAE WITH A TAPERING LATERAL SYNLOPHE FROM DOMESTIC RUMINANTS IN NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE OSTERTAGIA BISONIS (=O-ORLOFFI); SYNLOPHE; REDESCRIPTION; NEMATODE MORPHOLOGY; NEMATODA; BISON-BISON; TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA; OSTERTAGIINAE; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; OSTERTAGIA-LYRATA; TELADORSAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA (=TELADORSAGIA-DAVTIANI); TELADORSAGIA-TRIFURCATA; CUTICLE; RUMINANTS; SEM ID LOPEZ-NEYRA; NOMENCLATURE AB Ostertagia bisonis Chapin, 1925, is an abomasal worm of the American buffalo, Bison bison, and other ruminants including cattle in which it can cause clinical nematodiasis. This report describes characteristics of O. bisonis, especially details of the synlophe and esophagus, that are necessary for constructing a key to the species of medium stomach worms (Ostertagiinae) parasitic in domestic ruminants in North America. The synlophe of O. bisonis is most similar to the single ridge tapering lateral synlophe of Ostertagia ostertagi. Ducts of the subventral glands of the esophagus empty anterior to the cervical papillae and the esophageal-intestinal valve is more than twice as long as wide. We follow earlier workers in considering Ostertagia orloffi Sankin, 1930, a synonym of O. bisonis. Ostertagia bisonis may have more generalized characters than any other species with a tapering lateral synlophe that are parasites of domestic ruminants in North America, but polarization of some characters cannot be considered reliable until additional outgroups are studied. RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 231 EP 244 PG 14 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA GD363 UT WOS:A1991GD36300013 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP SPEER, CA HAMIR, AN TOPPER, MJ BROWN, C RUPPRECHT, CE AF DUBEY, JP SPEER, CA HAMIR, AN TOPPER, MJ BROWN, C RUPPRECHT, CE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SARCOCYSTIS-LIKE APICOMPLEXAN PROTOZOAN IN THE BRAIN OF A RACCOON (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE PROTOZOA; APICOMPLEXA; COCCIDIA; SARCOCYSTIS; ENCEPHALITIS; SCHIZONTS; MEROZOITES AB Schizonts of a Sarcocystis-like protozoan were found in the brain of a raccoon (Procyon lotor). The parasites, located directly in the cytoplasm of macrophages, neurons, and multinucleated giant cells, were not surrounded by a parasitophorous vacuole. The parasite divided by endopolygeny, leaving a residual body. Schizonts were 5-35 x 5-20-mu-m and contained up to 35 merozoites. The merozoites had no rhoptries. The parasite was antigenically and structurally similar to Sarcocystis neurona, the organism of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV PENN,NEW BOLTON CTR,SCH VET MED,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 250 EP 255 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA GD363 UT WOS:A1991GD36300017 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE HALLIDAY, WR AF BAKER, JE HALLIDAY, WR TI REARING EFFECTS ON ALLELE FREQUENCIES OF AMY-1 AND AMY-2 IN SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOTSCH AB Allele frequencies of two genes, Amy-1 and Amy-2, coding alpha-amylase in the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, were determined by electrophoretic analysis of feral weevils collected in South Carolina and in progeny from these weevils subsequently reared for seven generations on corn, long-grain brown rice, or wheat. Two alleles of Amy-1 and six alleles of Amy-2 were demonstrated in the wild adults. Laboratory rearing on the whole grain diets resulted in significant differences (0.05 level) in frequencies of several major and minor amylase alleles relative to frequencies found in the original wild parental adults. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 64 IS 3 BP 265 EP 268 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL618 UT WOS:A1991GL61800004 ER PT J AU PRESS, JW ARBOGAST, RT AF PRESS, JW ARBOGAST, RT TI EFFECT OF LOW-TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL OF IMMATURES OF THE PARASITE VENTURIA-CANESCENS (GRAVENHORST) (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID CAUTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE AB Survival of immatures of the parasite Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) was adversely affected by temperatures of 0-degree, 5-degrees, and 10-degrees-C but were only minimally affected at 15-degrees-C. At 0-degree-C the decline in V. canescens emergence over time was rapid and by 96 hr emergence had virtually stopped. At 5-degrees and 10-degrees-C the decline in emergence was more gradual, with emergence essentially stopped by 216 hr. Parasite fecundity was unaffected by larval exposure at 5-degrees-C. RP PRESS, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 64 IS 3 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL618 UT WOS:A1991GL61800013 ER PT J AU HENRY, TJ AF HENRY, TJ TI REVISION OF KELTONIA AND THE COTTON FLEAHOPPER GENUS PSEUDATOMOSCELIS, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATIONSHIPS (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE, PHYLINAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The New World genera Keltonia Knight, containing 12 species, and Pseudatomoscelis Poppius, containing three species and including the cotton fleahopper (P. seriatus (Reuter)), are revised, and the new species Keltonia bifurca, K. mexicana, and K. schaffneri from Mexico, K. pallida and K. robusta from the United States, K. steineri from Grand Bahama Island, Lineatopsallus slateri from Texas, and Pseudatomoscelis insularis from Puerto Rico and St. Thomas are described. The new genus Lineatopsallus is established to accommodate Psallus biguttulatus Uhler and the new species L. slateri. Pseudatomoscelis tuckeri Poppius is resurrected from synonymy and transferred to Keltonia; Psallus flora Van Duzee is transferred to Pseudatomoscelis; Psallus conspurcatus Blatchley and Keltonia fuscipunctata Knight are considered junior synonyms of K. sulphurea, and Psallus atomophorus Reuter, a junior synonym of P. seriatus; and revised keys to species of Keltonia and Pseudatomoscelis are given. A cladistic analysis, using Lineatopsallus at the outgroup, indicates that Keltonia and Pseudatomoscelis are sister genera. RP HENRY, TJ (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 99 IS 3 BP 351 EP 404 PG 54 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD562 UT WOS:A1991GD56200005 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, MJ SAIZ, JC LAOR, O MOORE, DM AF GONZALEZ, MJ SAIZ, JC LAOR, O MOORE, DM TI ANTIGENIC STABILITY OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS VARIANTS ON SERIAL PASSAGE IN CELL-CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; SITES; RNA; POPULATION; REPLICATION; SELECTION; SURFACE; ASSAYS AB Two neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb)-resistant variants selected from an isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A5 were repeatedly passaged in cell culture and monitored for susceptibility to neutralization by the selecting MAb. A variant isolated with a MAb to a conformational epitope (1-OG2) lost resistance in 20 passages, while a variant isolated with a MAb to a linear epitope (1-HA6) persisted for 30 passages. In both cases, the virus population emerging after passage was antigenically and genetically indistinguishable from the original wild-type parental virus (FMDV A5 Spain-86). Coinfection assays with the wild type and each variant, and between the variants, showed rapid conversion to a homogeneous population. Wild-type virus prevailed over the variants and for coinfection between the variants, the linear epitope variant 1-HA6. While both variants arose from a single nucleotide substitution and reversion to wild type occurred for each, it appears that the variant based on the continuous epitope (1-HA6) was more stable. We discuss the implications of these results for the antigenic diversity of FMDV and its relationship to virus evolution. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 65 IS 7 BP 3949 EP 3953 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA FQ940 UT WOS:A1991FQ94000072 PM 1645803 ER PT J AU GRUBB, TG KING, RM AF GRUBB, TG KING, RM TI ASSESSING HUMAN DISTURBANCE OF BREEDING BALD EAGLES WITH CLASSIFICATION TREE MODELS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES AB We recorded 4,188 events of human activity and associated bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) response in the vicinity of 13 central Arizona nest sites during 1983-85. A hierarchical classification of 9 dependent and 3 independent parameters was developed to quantify pedestrian, aquatic, vehicle, noise (gunshot/sonic boom), and aircraft disturbance groups. Type and frequency of response varied inversely with the distance from an eagle to the disturbance. Bald eagles were more often flushed from perches than nests and were most easily disturbed when foraging. Pedestrian was the most disturbing human activity, whereas aircraft was the least. We developed classification tree (CART) models for pooled and group disturbances to evaluate response severity and to formulate disturbance-specific management criteria. Response frequencies and critical distances for pooled disturbance were 64% at less-than-or-equal-to 215 m, 45% between 216 and 583 m, and 24% at > 583 m. Frequencies, distances, and the influence of secondary characteristics varied among disturbance groups. The CART models ranked distance to disturbance as the most important classifier of eagle response, followed in decreasing order of discriminatory value by duration of disturbance, visibility, number of units per event, position relative to affected eagle, and sound. This procedure offers improved specificity in human disturbance assessment. RP GRUBB, TG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ARIZONA STATE UNIV CAMPUS,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.2307/3808982 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GC878 UT WOS:A1991GC87800021 ER PT J AU CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC KULHAVY, DL SNOW, AE AF CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC KULHAVY, DL SNOW, AE TI CAUSES OF MORTALITY OF RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER CAVITY TREES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE AB Over a 13-year period we examined the mortality of cavity trees (n = 453) used by red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) on national forests in eastern Texas. Bark beetles (53%), wind snap (30%), and fire (7%) were the major causes of cavity tree mortality. Bark beetles were the major cause of mortality in loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pines, whereas fire was the major cause in longleaf pines (P. palustris). Cavity trees on the Angelina National Forest (NF) were dying at a higher rate than new, complete cavities were being excavated. Cavity enlargement by pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) on the Angelina NF was substantial, with 20% (49/249) of the cavity trees being enlarged over 7 years. To reduce cavity tree mortality, site disturbances in cluster areas (e.g., midstory control, prescribed burning, thinning) should be minimized during years when southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) populations are elevated. Careful planning of timber cutting to avoid funneling wind into cluster areas might reduce wind damage to cavity trees. C1 STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962. RP CONNER, RN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.2307/3808986 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GC878 UT WOS:A1991GC87800025 ER PT J AU CLARK, L SHAH, PS AF CLARK, L SHAH, PS TI NONLETHAL BIRD REPELLENTS - IN SEARCH OF A GENERAL-MODEL RELATING REPELLENCY AND CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; LIVESTOCK FEED AB Identification of potential repellents through molecular modeling has implications for the development of commercially viable, ecologically sound, nonlethal bird repellents. We tested isomers (ortho, meta, para) and moieties (amino, hydroxy, methoxy) of acetophenones for their effectiveness as bird repellents to better understand the nature of repellency in birds. Chemically, basicity of a substituted phenyl ring, as defined by the electron-donating substituent, probably is an important feature influencing repellency; i.e., more basic substituents result in more potent repellents. Isomeric position of the electron-donating substituent, which leads to resonance of lone pairs of electrons, is also an important feature of repellency; i.e., repellency is enhanced when electron-donating substituents are in the ortho and para positions. An ancillary contributory factor enhancing repellency is the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Combining these features improves repellency. Thus, the most potent repellent, ortho-aminoacetophenone (OAAP), effective at concentrations less-than-or-equal-to 0.0003 vol/vol, is the most basic of the series tested. It has the amino group in the ortho position which enables this group to form a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl electron-withdrawing group. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.2307/3808987 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GC878 UT WOS:A1991GC87800026 ER PT J AU LEITNER, LA DUNN, CP GUNTENSPERGEN, GR STEARNS, F SHARPE, DM AF LEITNER, LA DUNN, CP GUNTENSPERGEN, GR STEARNS, F SHARPE, DM TI EFFECTS OF SITE, LANDSCAPE FEATURES, AND FIRE REGIME ON VEGETATION PATTERNS IN PRESETTLEMENT SOUTHERN WISCONSIN SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISTURBANCE; FIRE; HETEROGENEITY; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; TOPOGRAPHY; WISCONSIN AB The presettlement tree cover (1831-33) of 3 townships in a southern Wisconsin landscape was analyzed using original survey records. Four forest types were identified: closed forest, open forest, savanna, and prairie. Comparisons of vegetation types and landscape pattern were made between the east and west sides of the Pecatonica River, which bisects the landscape and could have acted as a natural fire barrier. West of the river, presettlement tree species richness and diversity were lower and trees were smaller in diameter and less dense than to the east. The major vegetation types to the west were prairie (42% of landscape) and savanna (40%), both fire-susceptible types. Prairie was more common on gentle slopes than on other landforms. To the east, the landscape was 70% forested (closed plus open forest). Here, prairie was more frequent on steep dry sites. These vegetation differences, including the contrasting landscape placement of prairie, are attributed to distinct site characteristics and to disturbance (fire) regimes, with the west likely having more frequent fires. In terms of the four vegetation types, the east landscape was more homogeneous, being dominated by closed forest (50%). West of the Pecatonica River, the landscape was more heterogeneous because of the high proportion of both prairie and savanna; however, in terms of flammability of vegetation, the west was essentially homogeneous (82% prairie plus savanna). C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT & INFORMAT SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL WETLANDS RES CTR, SLIDELL, LA 70458 USA. N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. SO ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT GEOG, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA. RP LEITNER, LA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT BIOL SCI, POB 413, MILWAUKEE, WI 53201 USA. NR 0 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.1007/BF00141435 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA GG213 UT WOS:A1991GG21300002 ER PT J AU AJZEN, I DRIVER, BL AF AJZEN, I DRIVER, BL TI PREDICTION OF LEISURE PARTICIPATION FROM BEHAVIORAL, NORMATIVE, AND CONTROL BELIEFS - AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE LEISURE BENEFITS; ATTITUDES; PREDICTION OF LEISURE BEHAVIOR ID ATTITUDES; PERSONALITY; INTENTIONS; MODELS C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 34 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 6 U2 61 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 13 IS 3 BP 185 EP 204 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA GU559 UT WOS:A1991GU55900002 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A JUDD, JT BALLARDBARBASH, R NAIR, PP TAYLOR, PR CLEVIDENCE, BA AF FERRETTI, A JUDD, JT BALLARDBARBASH, R NAIR, PP TAYLOR, PR CLEVIDENCE, BA TI EFFECT OF FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE EXCRETION OF THE MAJOR METABOLITE OF PROSTAGLANDIN-E IN HEALTHY MALE-SUBJECTS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID DIETARY EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; OMEGA-3 FATTY-ACIDS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; GREENLAND ESKIMOS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAMMARY-TUMOR; HUMAN-URINE; EICOSANOIDS; INVIVO AB We investigated the effect of fish oil supplementation on the synthesis of prostaglandin E (PGE) in vivo by measuring the excretion of its catabolite, PGE-M, in 24-hr urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Forty healthy male volunteers (24-57 years of age) consumed a controlled basal diet providing 40% of energy from fat (P/S ratio about 0.8:1), 130 mg/1000 kcal cholesterol, and a minimum of 22 mg/day of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), for three experimental periods lasting a total of 28 weeks. During period 1 (10 weeks) the diet was supplemented with placebo (PO) capsules (15 X 1 g/day) consisting of a blend of fats approaching the fatty acid profile of the basal diet. This was followed by a second 10-week period during which the subjects received 15 X 1 g/day capsules of fish oil concentrate (FOC). During period 3 (8 weeks) they continued the 15 g/day intake of FOC but received an additional 200 mg/day of alpha-T. PO and FOC capsules contained 1 mg alpha-T/g fat as antioxidant. A 14% reduction of PGE-M excretion was observed after 10 weeks of FOC supplementation (period 2), compared to an identical period of placebo supplementation (period 1), P = 0.009. PGE-M excretion during the last week of period 3 was not significantly different from that at the end of period 2. The reduction in PGE synthesis in response to the relatively high marine oil supplementation was large in many subjects participating in this study. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUL PY 1991 VL 26 IS 7 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1007/BF02536593 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FW217 UT WOS:A1991FW21700004 PM 1943493 ER PT J AU MORGAN, PB BERTI, E COSTA, VA AF MORGAN, PB BERTI, E COSTA, VA TI LIFE-HISTORY OF SPALANGIA-GEMINA BOUCEK (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE), A FAST-BREEDING MICROHYMENOPTERAN PUPAL PARASITOID OF MUSCOID FLIES SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPALANGIA-GEMINA; SPALANGIA-ENDIUS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; PTEROMALIDAE; PUPAL PARASITISM; PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA; DAILY SURVIVAL; DEVELOPMENTAL TIME; PARASITOID; HOST-PARASITOID RATIO AB Laboratory studies at 25.5-degrees-C and 70-75% r.h. demonstrated that the average daily survival rate for females of the parasitoid Spalangia gemina Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was 0.907 over a 20-day period, with 50% mortality in 17.3 days. Mean immature developmental time of S. gemina was 22 days and the population growth rate was c. 40-fold per generation. The females successfully parasitized 1-, 2- and 3-day-old pupae of Musca domestica L. and parasitism of 98-100% was obtained at parasitoid to host ratios of 1:0.5-2.5. Parasitism of 81-87% was obtained at parasitoid to host ratios of 1:10. The male to female sex ratio was 1:1.59. S. gemina appears to have advantages over other Spalangia spp., which have immature development times of 28-32 days under comparable conditions, for the biological control of Muscidae. RP MORGAN, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Costa, Valmir/N-6371-2013 OI Costa, Valmir/0000-0003-0122-3567 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1991.tb00553.x PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GA319 UT WOS:A1991GA31900003 PM 1768920 ER PT J AU LICHTWARDT, RW PETERSON, SW WILLIAMS, MC AF LICHTWARDT, RW PETERSON, SW WILLIAMS, MC TI EJECTOSPORUS, AN UNUSUAL NEW GENUS OF HARPELLALES IN WINTER-EMERGING STONEFLY NYMPHS (CAPNIIDAE) AND A NEW SPECIES OF PARAMOEBIDIUM (AMOEBIDIALES) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE GUT FUNGI; TRICHOMYCETES; EJECTOSPORUS; PARAMOEBIDIUM; PLECOPTERA; CAPNIIDAE ID TRICHOMYCETE GUT FUNGI; AQUATIC INSECT LARVAE; SMITTIUM-CULISETAE; SPORANGIOSPORE EXTRUSION; TRICHOSPORES AB Ejectosporus magnus belongs to a new monotypic genus of Harpellales (Trichomycetes) found in the hindgut of Allocapnia spp. nymphs (Plecoptera, Capniidae). The mature sporangiospore is forcefully ejected from the trichospore, a monosporous sporangium, while the sporangial wall remains attached to the generative cell. Trichospores apparently do not break away from the thallus as in most other genera of Harpellales. No trichospore appendages were observed. Another new hindgut species from Allocapnia spp. nymphs, Paramoebidium corpulentum (Amoebidiales), is also described. The first axenic isolations of Simuliomyces spica (Harpellales) from these stonefly hosts are reported. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROD RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. KEARNEY STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL,KEARNEY,NE 68849. RP LICHTWARDT, RW (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT BOT,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 83 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.2307/3760348 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GH463 UT WOS:A1991GH46300001 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SW LOGRIECO, A AF PETERSON, SW LOGRIECO, A TI RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE VARIATION AMONG INTERFERTILE STRAINS OF SOME GIBBERELLA SPECIES SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE ID GENE; EVOLUTION; ACID; DNA; PROBES AB Nucleotide sequences from a highly variable region of large subunit (25-28S) rRNA (D2 region, ca. 220 nucleotides) were determined for seven strains of G. pulicaris and also for two strains each of three G. fujikuroi varieties in order to assess the amount of within species or within variety sequence variation and to determine whether sequences of the varieties would be different in this rRNA region. One variable nucleotide position was found among the G. pulicaris strains; all other readable bases were the same. No sequence differences were found among strains of each G. fujikuroi variety. Two G. fujikuroi varieties (intermedium and fujikuroi) had the same sequence and the third variety (moniliformis) differed from them at two nucleotide positions. C1 IST TOSSINE & MICOTOSSINE PARASSITI VEGETALI,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. RP PETERSON, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 83 IS 4 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.2307/3760349 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GH463 UT WOS:A1991GH46300002 ER PT J AU KUHLMAN, EG KANEKO, S AF KUHLMAN, EG KANEKO, S TI COMPARISONS OF BASIDIOSPORES AND UREDINIOSPORES OF FORMAE-SPECIALES OF CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM; BASIDIOSPORE; RUST FUNGI; FORMAE-SPECIALES; SPECIAL FORMS AB Basidiospores of five formae speciales of Cronartium quercuum can be readily separated into three distinct groups on the basis of color, length-to-width ratios, and size. The Japanese f. sp. densiflorae has globose to subglobose hyaline basidiospores. All four American formae speciales have yellow-orange ellipsoid basidiospores with special forms echinatae and fusiforme having length-to-width ratios of 1.3-1.4, whereas f. spp. virginianae and banksianae have length-to-width ratios of 1.6-1.8. Basidiospores from isolates of three American special forms from widely separated geographic locations had similar shapes and sizes. Urediniospores of the four American formae speciales do not vary in size or ornamentation. C1 FOREST & FOREST PROD RES INST,FOREST PATHOL LAB,KUKIZAKI,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP KUHLMAN, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 83 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.2307/3760354 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GH463 UT WOS:A1991GH46300007 ER PT J AU NORRED, WP BACON, CW PLATTNER, RD VESONDER, RF AF NORRED, WP BACON, CW PLATTNER, RD VESONDER, RF TI DIFFERENTIAL CYTOTOXICITY AND MYCOTOXIN CONTENT AMONG ISOLATES OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN-B1; FUSARIN-C; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES; VALINE INCORPORATION ID CORN; TOXICITY; RATS AB Ten different isolates of the common corn fungus, Fusarium moniliforme, were cultured on corn, and the production by the isolates of two important mycotoxins, fusarin C and fumonisin B1, was compared. Additionally, both aqueous and organic extracts of the cultures were tested for cytotoxicity to rat primary hepatocytes by measuring the effects of three dose levels on the ability of the cells to take up valine and to cause the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase. The fungal isolates differed drastically in their ability to produce the two mycotoxins and in their cytotoxicity. However the toxic effects could not be accounted for by the content of the two toxins measured. Therefore it appears that there are other toxins, both organic and aqueous soluble compounds, that are toxic to liver cells. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP NORRED, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 1991 VL 115 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1007/BF00436420 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FY923 UT WOS:A1991FY92300006 PM 1922268 ER PT J AU HUMBER, RA FENG, MG AF HUMBER, RA FENG, MG TI ENTOMOPHTHORA-CHROMAPHIDIS (ENTOMOPHTHORALES) - THE CORRECT IDENTIFICATION OF AN APHID PATHOGEN IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AND ELSEWHERE SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPHTHORALES; ENTOMOPHTHORA PLANCHONIANA; ENTOMOPHTHORA CHROMAPHIDIS; APHID PATHOGENS; CEREAL APHIDS; METOPOLOPHIUM DIRHODUM; SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM; SITOBION AVENAE ID CEREAL APHIDS; FUNGUS ENTOMOPHTHORA; HOMOPTERA; FINLAND AB A survey for fungal pathogens of cereal aphids in the Pacific Northwest of the United States found several entomophthoraleans. A species of Entomophthora (in the strict sense) causing minor early-season mortality of aphids was of special taxonomic interest. Evaluation of this fungus indicated that it was best identified as E. chromaphidis Burger & Swain, a species long treated as a synonym of E. planchoniana Cornu. E. chromaphidis has primary conidia that are appreciably smaller than those of European collections of E. planchoniana, and can be isolated in culture whereas similar media and techniques have never yielded cultures of E. planchoniana. This study recognizes the aphidpathogenic species of Entomophthora to comprise a globally distributed species complex; Entomophthora planchoniana is a major pathogen whose distribution is primarily European whereas E. chromaphidis appears to be a comparatively minor pathogen with a wide distribution outside of Europe. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,DIV ENTOMOL,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP HUMBER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GF741 UT WOS:A1991GF74100016 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RD AF REYNOLDS, RD TI MATERNAL VS FETAL ORIGIN OF FETAL PLASMA PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID VITAMIN-B6 SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANCY; PHOSPHATE; TRANSPORT; ADEQUACY; BINDING; BLOOD RP REYNOLDS, RD (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 264 EP 266 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GF553 UT WOS:A1991GF55300008 ER PT J AU WOOD, RJ CONTOIS, J WILKENING, C AF WOOD, RJ CONTOIS, J WILKENING, C TI INTESTINAL ADAPTATION TO DIETARY CALCIUM RESTRICTION IN RATS FED HIGH PROTEIN DIETS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HIGH PROTEIN DIET; CA RESTRICTION; CA ABSORPTION; PROTEIN-INDUCED HYPERCALCIURIA ID METABOLISM AB In humans, high protein diets can increase urinary calcium excretion without adaptive increases in intestinal calcium absorption. High protein-low calcium diets could cause excessive bone loss. We investigated if feeding a high protein diet to rats impaired the normal intestinal adaptation to dietary calcium restriction. Increasing dietary protein from 18% to 36% caused an increase in urinary calcium loss regardless of dietary calcium content. Dietary protein level had no effect on serum total calcium, ionic calcium, pH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or intestinal calcium absorption. Dietary calcium restriction caused a significant increase in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium absorption and a decrease in urinary calcium excretion. These findings show that intestinal calcium absorption does not adapt to protein-induced hypercalciuria in the rat; however, a normal homeostatic adaptation to dietary calcium restriction is maintained during high protein feeding, thereby protecting against excessive skeletal losses. RP WOOD, RJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RECH INST,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 11 IS 7 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80636-0 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FY238 UT WOS:A1991FY23800014 ER PT J AU HOF, J BALTIC, T AF HOF, J BALTIC, T TI A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES OF THE NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper reports an analysis of multiresources production capabilities of the National Forest System for the purpose of national planning in the USDA Forest Service. The analysis identifies previously unrecognized limits to the productive capabilities of the National Forest System. The analysis was used by Forest Service planners to define the long-run planning problem and to develop alternative strategies for addressing that problem. We test a multilevel optimization approach and apply it to all forest system regions of the coterminous United States. We conclude that it is not feasible for the National Forest System to supply a constant proportion of all projected resource needs. Furthermore, we found that even more conservative levels of outputs require significant increases in investment and management intensity. These results have led to Forest Service program alternatives involving more reliance on other forest and rangelands and more intense multiresource management of the National Forest System. Finally, these conclusions are limited by the range of alternatives generated and outputs modeled in the National Forest planning effort. RP HOF, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPERATIONS RES SOC AMER PI BALTIMORE PA 1314 GUILFORD AVENUE BUSINESS OFFICE, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1287/opre.39.4.543 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA GC361 UT WOS:A1991GC36100002 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB AF THOMAS, DB TI THE ACANTHOSOMATIDAE (HETEROPTERA) OF NORTH-AMERICA SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HETEROPTERA; ACANTHOSOMATIDAE; TAXONOMY; STINKBUGS AB The heteropteran family Acanthosomatidae (Pentatomoidea) is represented in North America by six species, one new, in two genera. The species are diagnosed and figures of the male and female genitalia and notes on the biology and distribution are given. Keys for the identification of genera and species are also provided. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA,AG,SCI & EDUC ADM,TUXTLA,POB 3149,LAREDO,TX 78041, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 67 IS 3 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX906 UT WOS:A1991FX90600001 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, TD DUKE, MV CLARK, RD SANDERS, EF MATSUMOTO, H DUKE, SO AF SHERMAN, TD DUKE, MV CLARK, RD SANDERS, EF MATSUMOTO, H DUKE, SO TI PYRAZOLE PHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES INHIBIT PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; SOYBEAN CELLS; ACCUMULATION; IX; SEEDLINGS; MODE; TETRAPYRROLES C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63167. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90095-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GC338 UT WOS:A1991GC33800007 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW CONNELLY, JA AF GRONWALD, JW CONNELLY, JA TI EFFECT OF MONOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS ON BENTAZON UPTAKE AND METABOLISM IN MAIZE CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH RETARDANT TETCYCLACIS; WHEAT; HYDROXYLATION; CHLORTOLURON; MECHANISM; ACID; 1-AMINOBENZOTRIAZOLE; ISOPROTURON; PLANTS; SHOOTS C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GRONWALD, JW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3 BP 284 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90100-Z PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GC338 UT WOS:A1991GC33800012 ER PT J AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ REYESSOLIS, MG CAMEL, SB FERRERACERRATO, R AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ REYESSOLIS, MG CAMEL, SB FERRERACERRATO, R TI NUTRIENT TRANSFER BETWEEN THE ROOT ZONES OF SOYBEAN AND MAIZE PLANTS CONNECTED BY A COMMON MYCORRHIZAL MYCELIUM SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; GLYCINE-MAX; NITROGEN FIXATION; NUTRIENT ALLOCATION; PLANT NUTRITION; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; ZEA-MAYS ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; DINITROGEN FIXATION; N-TRANSFER; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; FUNGI; COLONIZATION; TRANSPORT; NUTRITION; SORGHUM AB The objective of the study was to determine whether nutrient fluxes mediated by hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi between the root zones of grass and legume plants differ with the legume's mode of N nutrition. The plants, nodulating or nonnodulating isolines of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], were grown in association with a dwarf maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar in containers which interposed a 6-cm-wide root-free soil bridge between legume and grass container compartments. The bridge was delimited by screens (44-mu-m) which permitted the passage of hyphae, but not of roots and minimized non VAM interactions between the plants. All plants were colonized by the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. The effects of N input to N-sufficient soybean plants through N2-fixation or N-fertilization on associated maize-plant growth and nutrition were compared to those of an N-deficient (nonnodulating, unfertilized) soybean control. Maize, when associated with the N-fertilized soybean, increased 19% in biomass, 67% in N content and 77% in leaf N concentration relative to the maize plants of the N-deficient association. When maize was grown with nodulated soybean, maize N content increased by 22%, biomass did not change, but P content declined by 16%. Spore production by the VAM fungus was greatest in the soils of both plants of the N-fertilized treatment. The patterns of N and P distribution, as well as those of the other essential elements, indicated that association with the N-fertilized soybean plants was more advantageous to maize than was association with the N2-fixing ones. C1 COLEGIO POSTGRAD, MONTECILLO 56230, MEXICO. RP USDA, ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 44 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 82 IS 3 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.820315.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FZ935 UT WOS:A1991FZ93500015 ER PT J AU SMITH, PT COBB, BG AF SMITH, PT COBB, BG TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY OF PEPPER SEEDS (CAPSICUM-ANNUUM) DURING PRIMING SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; GERMINATION; OSMOTIC POTENTIAL; PRIMING; SEED RESPIRATION; SEEDS ID WATER RELATIONS; GERMINATION; RESPIRATION; METABOLISM; STRESS AB Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Keystone Resistance Giant 3) seeds were monitored during priming to determine if seed treatments which accelerate the rate of germination could be correlated with specific physiological changes within the seeds. Pepper seeds primed with -0.90 and -1.35 MPa NaCl solutions at 23-degrees-C for 18 days did not completely equilibrate with the osmotic potential of the priming solution. Seed respiratory rates indicated that priming extends the lag phase of germination following imbibition. Soluble protein levels increased 115% in primed seeds, and the uptake and incorporation of [C-14(U)] labelled amino acids into the acid insoluble fraction increased throughout the priming treatments. Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1, anaerobic metabolism), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44, pentose phosphate pathway) activities remained stable throughout the priming treatment, but were higher after 6 days, than the water-imbibed controls. Aldolase (EC 42.1.1, glycolysis) and isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1, glyoxylate cycle) activities increased with imbibition and were 61 and 56% (respectively) higher in primed seeds as compared to the water-imbibed controls after 12 days. Treatment with the -0.90 MPa NaCl solution was more effective than the -1.35 MPa solution in improving the rate of germination, yet there were no significant differences between the protein concentrations or enzyme activities of the two priming treatments. However, the incorporation of labelled amino acids into pepper seeds was significantly higher in the -0.90 MPa priming treatment. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ORGAN CHEM,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP SMITH, PT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 82 IS 3 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.820316.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FZ935 UT WOS:A1991FZ93500016 ER PT J AU Mitcham, EJ Gross, KC Wasserman, BP AF Mitcham, Elizabeth J. Gross, Kenneth C. Wasserman, Bruce P. TI Synthesis of Uridinediphospho-[U-C-14]-D-Galacturonic Acid by Enzyme Particulate Fractions and Purification via High Performance Liquid Chromatography SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Uridinediphospho-[U-C-14]-D-galacturonaic acid; synthesis; enzyme particulate fractions; high performance liquid chromatography AB Uridinediphospho-[U-C-14]-D-galacturonic acid (UDP-[U-C-14]-galacturonic acid) can be produced using UDP-D-glucuronic acid-4'-epimerase in radish root or mung bean hypocotyl enzyme particulate fractions. Epimerase activity was stable for several months at -70 degrees C. Mung bean extracts had the highest activity per ng of protein. Enzymatic modification of UDP-[U-C-14]-galacturonic acid and formation of C-14-breakdown products was reduced by short incubation times (<5 min). Using high performance liquid chromatography on an aminopropyl column, UDP-[U-C-14]-galacturonic acid can be separated and collected without contamination by other products for use as a radiolabelled substrate for assay of galacturonan synthase with a yield of 14%. C1 [Gross, Kenneth C.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Hort, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wasserman, Bruce P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Bldg 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU USDA [88-37261-3788] FX This research was supported in part by USDA Competitive Grant Number 88-37261-3788 to KCG and BPW. Use of a company or product name by the US Department of Agriculture does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable (NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Publication D-105-1-90). NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0958-0344 EI 1099-1565 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 2 IS 3 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1002/pca.2800020304 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA V41IY UT WOS:000209541100003 ER PT J AU Kardono, LBS Kinghorn, AD Molyneux, RJ AF Kardono, Leonardus B. S. Kinghorn, A. Douglas Molyneux, Russell J. TI Unambiguous Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Assignments for Swainsonine, an Indolizidine Alkaloid with alpha-Mannosidase Inhibitory Activity SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Swainsonine; indolizidine alkaloids; NMR assignment; Astragalus oxyphysus AB The proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of swainsonine, (1S, 2R, 8R, 8aR)-1,2,8-trihydroxyoctahydroindolizine, isolated from the seeds of Astragalus oxyphysus A. Gray, have been reassigned through the use of two-dimensional NMR techniques. Unambiguous NMR spectral data have also been determined for swainsonine 1,2,8-triacetate. C1 [Kinghorn, A. Douglas] Univ Illinois, Program Collaborat Res Pharmaceut Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Molyneux, Russell J.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kinghorn, AD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Collaborat Res Pharmaceut Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU Overseas Fellowship Programs-World Bank; Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology; Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology FX LBSK wishes to acknowledge a scholarship from Overseas Fellowship Programs-World Bank, the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (1988-1990). We acknowledge the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry Laboratories of Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago for expert assistance and for provision of spectrocopic equipment in this investigation. We are grateful to Drs. K. Zaw and L. Kar of the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, for expert assistance in obtaining certain of the NMR spectra used in this investigation. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0958-0344 EI 1099-1565 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 2 IS 3 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1002/pca.2800020306 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA V41IY UT WOS:000209541100005 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ James, LF Panter, KE Ralphs, MH AF Molyneux, Russell J. James, Lynn F. Panter, Kip E. Ralphs, Michael H. TI Analysis and Distribution of Swainsonine and Related Polyhydroxyindolizidine Alkaloids by Thin Layer Chromatography SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Swainsonine; castanospermine; locoweeds; Astragalus; Oxytropis; Castanospermum; thin layer chromatography AB A spray reagent which is sensitive and specific for polyhydroxyindolizidine glycosidase inhibitors such as swainsonine and castanospermine has been developed for their visualization on thin layer chromatographic plates. The method involves treatment of the plates with a sequential system consisting of 10% acetic anhydride in benzene, followed by Ehrlich's reagent. This technique has been used to follow the isolation and purification of minor alkaloidal constituents from Astragalus lentiginosus and Castanospermum australe. The occurrence of swainsonine and its N-oxide in a number of Astragalus and Oxytropis species has been investigated. Species previously incriminated as locoweeds on the basis of field observations were all shown to contain the alkaloid and it was also found to occur in additional species. The highest levels of swainsonine were found in the seeds and pods, with lesser amounts in the leaves and stems, and none detectable in the roots. C1 [Molyneux, Russell J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [James, Lynn F.; Panter, Kip E.; Ralphs, Michael H.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0958-0344 EI 1099-1565 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 2 IS 3 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1002/pca.2800020307 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA V41IY UT WOS:000209541100006 ER PT J AU MELCHING, JS BONDE, MR DOWLER, WM AF MELCHING, JS BONDE, MR DOWLER, WM TI THE EFFECT OF FREE-WATER ON THE POTENTIAL GERMINABILITY OF COLD-DORMANT UREDINIOSPORES OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS F-SP TRITICI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Germination of fresh urediniospores of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, race 56, always was greatly reduced after storage at -196 C ("cold-dormant" spores). Immersing cold-dormant spores in water or buffer solution for 1-2 h at room temperature caused irreversible injury to a majority of the population but, contrary to published reports, up to 32% of the spores survived as judged by subsequent germination tests on water agar. When cold-dormant spores were heat-shocked at 40 C for 5 min before incubation on water agar at 18 C, their germinability was comparable to that of fresh nonfrozen spores of the same lot. Following liquid immersion of cold-dormant spores, subsequent heat-shocking did not reverse dormancy; if heat-shocked in liquid, further injury to spores occurred, but drying spores before heat-shock provided protection against further damage. Both freshly collected and cold-dormant spores, regardless of preincubation treatments, germinated at higher levels on water agar than in water or buffer medium during 2-h incubation at 18 C in the dark. RP MELCHING, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FT DETRICK BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1991 VL 81 IS 7 BP 734 EP 738 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-734 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX273 UT WOS:A1991FX27300007 ER PT J AU HOWELL, CR AF HOWELL, CR TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF OF COTTON WITH SEED-COATING PREPARATIONS OF GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBIOTICS; PHYTOTOXIN; CARBOXIN; PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ULTIMUM; GROWTH; ROOT AB Air-dried and ground seed-coating preparations of Gliocladium virens were variable in their efficacy for biocontrol of cotton seedling disease induced by Pythium ultimum. Disease suppression was dependent on the proper strain-substrate combination and on the amount of material used. Treatment in excess of that required to coat the seed resulted in phytotoxicity. The loss of disease suppression with time in open storage in the lab was associated with a diminution in the amount of antifungal gliovirin in the preparation and a lengthening of time for propagule germination of the biocontrol agent. Combination treatments with reduced levels of metalaxyl fungicide and the biocontrol preparation resulted in a synergistic effect that gave disease suppression equal to that of full-strength fungicide treatment. Seed coat preparations of G. virens may be used to control Pythium damping-off of cotton seedlings, and in combination with fungicide, the amount of fungicide necessary to effect control can be reduced. RP HOWELL, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1991 VL 81 IS 7 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-738 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX273 UT WOS:A1991FX27300008 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR ALVAREZ, AM HARTUNG, JS BENEDICT, AA AF GOTTWALD, TR ALVAREZ, AM HARTUNG, JS BENEDICT, AA TI DIVERSITY OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRUMELO STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIDEMICS OF CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT IN FLORIDA CITRUS NURSERIES - CORRELATION OF DETACHED LEAF, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY, AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ASSAYS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS CANKER; SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; IDENTIFICATION; CANKER; SITUATIONS AB The heterogeneity of 194 previously uncharacterized strains of Xanthomonas camperstris pv. citrumelo isolated from citrus bacterial spot epidemics in for citrus nurseries in central Florida was evaluated by virulence reactions on detached leaves, reaction to a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and reaction to a panel of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes. Detached-leaf assays were performed on the 194 strains that had been differentiated into five serological groups based on reactions with six MAbs. A subset of 27 strains, selected because of their diverse reactions to MAbs and the detached-leaf assay, were differentiated into five reaction types by RFLP analysis. There was good agreement between serological reaction patterns and RFLP results. Both assays were capable of distinguishing strongly aggressive from less aggressive strains as indicated by detached-leaf assay. In addition, MAb and RFLP assays often detached the same unique strains within the population of strains from individual nurseries. The assays also differentiated groups of strains originating from different foci of infection in one nursery. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT MICROBIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP GOTTWALD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1991 VL 81 IS 7 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-749 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX273 UT WOS:A1991FX27300011 ER PT J AU LOUIE, R KNOKE, JK AF LOUIE, R KNOKE, JK TI DETECTION OF MAIZE-DWARF MOSAIC ONSET IN NORTHERN OHIO SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APHID VECTORS; CORN; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SPREAD ID VIRUS; STRAINS AB An ability to detect maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) infections will help explain how MDM epidemics develop. Trap plant plots with and without diseased source plants, successive maize plantings, and grass weeds in tile plots were used to monitor MDM onset in northern Ohio. This area is outside the natural distribution of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), the overwintering host of MDMV-A. The average incidence of MDM in trap plants increased from 44 to 52% as the number of source plants placed at a 0.6-m distance from the trap plants increased from 25 to 100 plants. At a constant level of 100 source plants, the average incidence of MDM decreased from 52 to 33% as the distance between source plants and trap plants increased from 0.6 to 4.9 m. The decrease in MDM incidence averaged -4.8%/m of the distance from source plants and averaged + 0.5% MDM for each unit increase in source plants. Successive plantings at location 2 detected MDM onset 42 and 12 days earlier in 1986 and 1987, respectively, than did the trap plant plots without source plants. MDMV was not detected in 832 weed samples collected from the field or in the six grass weed hosts grown in tile plots. Aphid populations were monitored with yellow-pan water traps. Rhopalosiphum maidis was significantly related to MDM onset. Aphid migration, seed transmission, and infected weed host hypotheses were evaluated as initial sources of MDMV. The weed host hypothesis best explained MDM onsets in northern Ohio. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP LOUIE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1991 VL 81 IS 7 BP 760 EP 765 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-760 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX273 UT WOS:A1991FX27300013 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC BELESKY, DP SNUFFER, JD AF WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC BELESKY, DP SNUFFER, JD TI THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON SOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES AND WHEAT SEEDLING ROOT ELONGATION SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM TOXICITY; BIOASSAY; P-FERTILIZER; ROOT GROWTH; SOIL ACIDITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; AGRONOMIC VALUE; ACID SOIL; SPECIATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; CALCIUM; GROWTH AB Soils of the Appalachian region of the United States are acidic and deficient in P. North Carolina phosphate rock (PR), a highly substituted fluoroapatite, should be quite reactive in these soils, allowing it to serve both as a source of P and a potential ameliorant of soil acidity. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of PR dissolution on soil chemical properties and wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hart) seedling root elongation. Ten treatments including nine rates of PR (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg P kg-1) and a CaCO3 (1000 mg kg-1) control were mixed with two acidic soils, moistened to a level corresponding to 33 kPa moisture tension and incubated for 30 days. Pregerminated wheat seedlings were grown for three days in the PR treated soils and the CaCO3 control. Root length was significantly (P < 0.05) increased both by PR treatments and CaCO3, indicating that PR dissolution was ameliorating soil acidity. The PR treatments increased soil pH. exchangeable Ca, and soil solution Ca while lowering exchangeable Al and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable soil Al. Root growth in PR treatments was best described by an exponential equation (P < 0.01) containing 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Al. The PR dissolution did not reduce total soil solution Al, but did release Al complexing anions into soil solution, which along with increased pH, shifted Al speciation from toxic to nontoxic forms. These results suggest that North Carolina PR should contribute to amelioration of soil acidity in acidic, low CEC soils of the Appalachian region. RP WRIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1991 VL 134 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FX933 UT WOS:A1991FX93300002 ER PT J AU KINRAIDE, TB AF KINRAIDE, TB TI IDENTITY OF THE RHIZOTOXIC ALUMINUM SPECIES SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE AL-3+ ALUMINUM; HYDROXYALUMINUM; PHYTOTOXICITY; POLYNUCLEAR ALUMINUM; RHIZOTOXICITY; ROOTS; TOXICITY ID 3 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS; HYDROXY-ALUMINUM; PHYTOTOXIC ALUMINUM; TOXICITY; COMPLEXES; SOIL; PH; MONONUCLEAR; ION; SEEDLINGS AB The aluminium (III) released from soil minerals to the soil solution under acid conditions may appear as hexaaquaaluminium (Al(H2O)6(3+), or Al3+ for convenience) or may react with available ligands to form additional chemical species. That one or more of these species is rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation) has been known for many decades, but the identity of the toxic species remains problematical for the following reasons. 1. Several Al species coexist in solution so individual species cannot be investigated in isolation, even in artificial culture media. 2. The activities of individual species must be calculated from equilibrium data that may be uncertain. 3. The unexpected or undetected appearance of the extremely toxic triskaidekaaluminium (AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12(7+) or Al13) may cause misattribution of toxicity to other species, especially to mononuclear hydroxy-Al. 4. If H+ ameliorates Al3+ toxicity, or vice versa, then mononuclear hydroxy-Al may appear to be toxic when it is not. 5. The identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges. This article considers the implications of these problems for good experimental designs and critically evaluates current information regarding the relative toxicities of selected Al species. It is concluded that polycationic Al (charge > 2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations. RP USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. NR 52 TC 235 Z9 251 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1991 VL 134 IS 1 BP 167 EP 178 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FX933 UT WOS:A1991FX93300018 ER PT J AU GALVEZ, L CLARK, RB AF GALVEZ, L CLARK, RB TI NITRATE AND AMMONIUM UPTAKE AND SOLUTION PH CHANGES FOR AL-TOLERANT AND AL-SENSITIVE SORGHUM (SORGHUM-BICOLOR) GENOTYPES GROWN WITH AND WITHOUT ALUMINUM SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; DIFFERENTIAL NITRATE AMMONIUM UPTAKE; MINERAL NUTRITION; PLANT-INDUCED SOLUTION PH ID AESTIVUM L WHEAT; PLANT-INDUCED PH; NITROGEN NUTRITION; NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; WINTER CULTIVARS; SOLUTION CULTURE; HOLCUS-LANATUS; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; VARIETIES AB Plant tolerance to Al toxicity has been associated with differential nitrate and ammonium uptake and solution pH changes. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes with tolerance (SC283) and sensitivity (ICA-Nataima) to Al toxicity were grown with different nitrate/ammonium ratios (39:1, 9:1, and 3:1) at 0 and 300-mu-M Al to determine genotypic differences in nitrate and ammonium uptake, changes in nutrient solution pH, and relationships of these traits to Al toxicity tolerance in the genotypes. ICA-Nataima had greater reductions in nitrate and ammonium uptake than SC283 when plants were grown with Al, but SC283 had higher nitrate and ICA-Nataima had higher ammonium uptake when plants were grown without Al. Differences in nitrate and ammonium uptake were associated with changes in solution pH, pH decreased as long as ammonium was in solution and increased when ammonium was depleted from solution. Greater changes in solution pH occurred when plants were grown with 39:1 compared to 9:1 and 3:1 nitrate/ammonium ratios. Solution pH values were lower when plants were grown with than without Al. The genotypes maintained their relative differences in Al toxicity tolerance when plants were grown separately or together in the same container with Al and with different nitrate/ammonium ratios. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GALVEZ, L (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1991 VL 134 IS 1 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FX933 UT WOS:A1991FX93300019 ER PT J AU GRIFFITHS, RP CASTELLANO, MA CALDWELL, BA AF GRIFFITHS, RP CASTELLANO, MA CALDWELL, BA TI HYPHAL MATS FORMED BY 2 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS - A CASE-STUDY SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; GAUTIERIA-MONTICOLA; HYPAL MATS; HYSTERANGIUM-SETCHELLII ID STAND AB The ectomycorrhizal fungi Gautieria monticola and Hysterangium setchellii both form dense hyphal mats in coniferous forest soils of the Pacific Northwest. We recently observed that all Douglas-fir seedlings found under the canopy of a maturing 60-75 year stand were associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi. The significance of these mat communities in relation to seedling establishment and survival is discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP GRIFFITHS, RP (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1991 VL 134 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF00012043 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FX934 UT WOS:A1991FX93400007 ER PT J AU MOHAMMAD, RM AKHAVANKHARAZIAN, M CAMPBELL, WF RUMBAUGH, MD AF MOHAMMAD, RM AKHAVANKHARAZIAN, M CAMPBELL, WF RUMBAUGH, MD TI IDENTIFICATION OF SALT-TOLERANT AND DROUGHT-TOLERANT RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI L STRAINS SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE DROUGHT; OSMOTIC STRESS; PLANT BACTERIA; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; SALT; SODIUM CHLORIDE ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALINITY; DESICCATION; NODULATION; JAPONICUM; GROWTH; STRESS AB The first set of experiments identified sodium chloride (NaCl) tolerance of 92 accessions of Rhizobium meliloti L. from various rhizobia collections and arid and saline areas of the Intermountain West. Accessions were incubated in salinized (0, 176, 352, 528, 616, 704 or 792 mM) yeast extract mannitol (YEM) medium. Growth was measured by turbidity at 420 nm after 3 d in culture. Rhizobial strains were classified by their growth response at an optical density (OD) of 704 mM; Groups One and Two did not exceed 0.10 and 0.33, respectively. Forty three different rhizobial strains were identified as salt-sensitive and 49 as salt-tolerant at 704 mM NaCl. None grew in a saline solution of 792 mM NaCl. The second set of experiments investigated the drought tolerance of R. meliloti accessions that exhibited differential salt tolerance. Fifteen salt-sensitive and 15 salt-tolerant strains of R. meliloti from the first experiment were exposed to simulated drought stress by adding polyethylene glycol 6,000 (PEG-6,000) to the YEM medium at concentrations of 0, -0.4, -0.8 or -1.0 MPa. Rhizobium strains were incubated for 10 days at 25-degrees-C and growth turbidity was measured at 420 nm. Growth turbidity of the 30 accessions ranged from 100% at -0.4 MPa to 0% at -1.0 MPa. With one exception, strains that were more drought-tolerant (at -1.0 MPa) were also more salt-tolerant (616 mM). However, some of the more salt-tolerant strains at 616 mM were not the more drought-tolerant stains at -1.0 MPa. These salt- and drought-tolerant Rhizobium accessions are excellent models to study the mechanism(s) of such resistance, and to elucidate the role of genetics of NaCl and drought tolerance. C1 UNIV ISFAHAN, INST HORT, ESFAHAN, IRAN. UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. USDA, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. RP MOHAMMAD, RM (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV, LANDE BLDG 317, 550 E CANFIELD, DETROIT, MI 48201 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1991 VL 134 IS 2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1007/BF00012045 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FX934 UT WOS:A1991FX93400009 ER PT J AU VOLOUDAKIS, AE GITAITIS, RD WESTBROOK, JK PHATAK, SC MCCARTER, SM AF VOLOUDAKIS, AE GITAITIS, RD WESTBROOK, JK PHATAK, SC MCCARTER, SM TI EPIPHYTIC SURVIVAL OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE AND P S-TOMATO ON TOMATO TRANSPLANTS IN SOUTHERN GEORGIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; SOIL; SEED AB Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. tomato survived epiphytically on inoculated tomatoes grown for transplants in Tifton, Georgia, in April and May of 1988 and 1989. Populations of P. s. tomato declined faster as temperatures increased than did those of P. s. syringae. Populations of P. s. syringae were larger than those of P. s. tomato throughout the season. However, P. s. syringae was isolated most often in April, whereas P. s. tomato was recovered most often in May. The latter organism was isolated from inoculated plants before 1 May but was recovered from plants in commercial fields only once before 1 May. The two pathogens were never recovered from the same lesions, but epiphytic populations of P. s. syringae did not affect the epiphytic survival of P. s. tomato when both pathogens were sprayed on the same leaf. C1 USDA ARS,IBPMRL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 75 IS 7 BP 672 EP 675 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT076 UT WOS:A1991FT07600004 ER PT J AU ROSENBERGER, DA WICKLOW, DT KORJAGIN, VA RONDINARO, SM AF ROSENBERGER, DA WICKLOW, DT KORJAGIN, VA RONDINARO, SM TI PATHOGENICITY AND BENZIMIDAZOLE RESISTANCE IN PENICILLIUM SPECIES RECOVERED FROM FLOTATION TANKS IN APPLE PACKINGHOUSES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE NEGATIVE CROSS-RESISTANCE; P-SOLITUM ID BENOMYL; FUNGICIDES; EXPANSUM; BOTRYTIS AB Three hundred and sixty-eight isolates of Penicillium were recovered from water collected from flotation tanks in four apple packinghouses in southeastern New York. The 345 isolates, which caused blue mold in inoculated apples (Malus domestica), were identified to species and tested for sensitivity to methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate (MBC) and diphenylamine (DPA). Sixty-five isolates were P. expansum, 277 were P. aurantiogriseum, two were P. citreonigrum, and one was P. dendriticum. Thirty-one isolates of P. expansum were sensitive to MBC, 27 were resistant to MBC but sensitive to DPA, and seven were resistant to both MBC and DPA when tested in vitro. Ninety-five percent of the 277 isolates of P. aurantiogriseum were resistant to both MBC and DPA. P. aurantiogriseum was the predominant species recovered on all five sampling dates (November to March). Seventy-four percent of the isolates of P. expansum were recovered in the November and December sampling dates. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 75 IS 7 BP 712 EP 715 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT076 UT WOS:A1991FT07600013 ER PT J AU HOUSTON, DR AF HOUSTON, DR TI CHANGES IN NONAGGRESSIVE AND AGGRESSIVE SUBGROUPS OF OPHIOSTOMA-ULMI WITHIN 2 POPULATIONS OF AMERICAN ELM IN NEW-ENGLAND SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CERATOCYSTIS-ULMI; NORTH-AMERICA; STRAINS AB Surveys of elms with Dutch elm disease in Vermont (1989) and in Millinocket, ME (1986 and 1989), revealed the continued decline of the nonaggressive (NA) subgroup of Ophiostoma ulmi. This subgroup has virtually disappeared from Vermont; only two of 200 isolates were NA. The same trend was apparent for the isolated elm population in Millinocket, where less than 10% of the 1989 isolates were NA. The pattern of spread of the aggressive (AG) subgroup within Vermont appears to support the concept that this subgroup entered the state from the west and south along elm-rich valley corridors. Since 1980, the structure of the diseased elm population has shifted from scattered, large trees to abundant, small trees and saplings. RP HOUSTON, DR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 75 IS 7 BP 720 EP 722 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT076 UT WOS:A1991FT07600015 ER PT J AU INAMDAR, NM EHRLICH, KC EHRLICH, M AF INAMDAR, NM EHRLICH, KC EHRLICH, M TI CPG METHYLATION INHIBITS BINDING OF SEVERAL SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEINS FROM PEA, WHEAT, SOYBEAN AND CAULIFLOWER SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA METHYLATION; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL; CREB ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; ATF CDNA CLONES; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; FACTOR CREB; PLANT DNA; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; HUMAN-PLACENTA; PISUM-SATIVUM; TRANSCRIPTION AB To elucidate how methylation of specific sites in plant DNA might control transcription, we examined the effect of DNA methylation at CpG sequences on the binding of plant nuclear factors to an oligonucleotide duplex containing the consensus sequence for mammalian CREB (cAMP response element binding protein). CREB is part of the ATF (activating transcription factor) family of mammalian proteins specifically binding to 5'-TGACGTCA-3' and related sequences. Proteins recognizing the CREB-specific ligand were identified in nuclear extracts of pea seeds, wheat germ, cauliflower, and soybean leaves using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Cytosine methylation inhibited binding of this protein in all these extracts, and so this sequence-specific DNA-binding activity is referred to as methylation-inhibited binding protein 1 (MIB-1). Sites somewhat similar to that of the CREB ligand are found in the upstream regions of a wheat histone H-3 gene and tomato and pea ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes. These sites were bound preferentially by distinct proteins that may be related to the previously described plant proteins HBP-1, HSBF, ASF-1, or GBF. Methylation of cytosine residues at these sites and at a site for MIB-1 located upstream of a soybean proline-rich protein gene also reduced specific binding with all the nuclear extracts tested. Similarly, substitution of the central CpG dinucleotide with TpG decreased binding. C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 44 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1007/BF00036811 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FW883 UT WOS:A1991FW88300012 PM 1831056 ER PT J AU DONALDSON, RP LUSTER, DG AF DONALDSON, RP LUSTER, DG TI MULTIPLE FORMS OF PLANT CYTOCHROMES-P-450 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CASTOR BEAN ENDOSPERM; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE TOPOLOGY; CELL-CULTURES; CYTOCHROME-P-450; MONOOXYGENASE; HYDROXYLATION; RECONSTITUTION AB Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a multiplicity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in plants. These monooxygenases are implicated in the metabolism of sterols, terpenes, gibberellins, isoflavonoids, and xenobiotics. Evidence that cytochromes P-450 are involved in the detoxification of herbicides (chlorotoluron, primsulfuron, and diclofop) includes photoreversible CO inhibition of the reactions, and a requirement for O2 and NADPH. Several cytochromes P-450, M(r) 45,000 to 65,000, have been isolated, including hydroxylases of cinnamic acid, 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan, and digitoxin. In some cases the purified cytochrome P-450 has been successfully reconstituted with NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase (M(r) 72,000-84,000 protein). This reductase appears to be a nonspecific electron donor to different forms of cytochrome P-450. Immunological techniques and specific inhibitors (triazoles, imidazole derivatives) are being used to characterize plant cytochromes P-450 and the NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase. Specific cytochromes P-450 are induced by wounding or pathogens, others are expressed in specific cell types. Plant cytochromes P-450 are found in various subcellular locations, including endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membranes, glyoxysomes, and perhaps mitochondria. A cytochrome P-450 demethylase from avocado has recently been sequenced and found to have a hydrophobic N terminus similar to the membrane anchor of cytochromes P-450 from other organisms. The existence of cytochromes P-450 in different subcellular locations suggests that there are many genes for cytochromes P-450 in plants which have yet to be identified and classified. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP DONALDSON, RP (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. NR 33 TC 146 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.1104/pp.96.3.669 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX725 UT WOS:A1991FX72500001 PM 16668240 ER PT J AU SMITH, PT KUO, TM CRAWFORD, CG AF SMITH, PT KUO, TM CRAWFORD, CG TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTINOL SYNTHASE FROM MATURE ZUCCHINI SQUASH LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; ALPHA-AMYLASE ISOZYMES; ACTIVATING ENZYME; FE-PROTEIN; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSFERASES AB Galactinol synthase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of raffinose sugars. Previous attempts to purify the enzyme have proven difficult and have resulted in low quantities of unpurified enzyme. Galactinol synthase was purified 752-fold from mature zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. cv Burpee Hybrid) leaves using sequential liquid chromatography on DE 52, Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B, and Sephacryl S-200. This isolation scheme resulted in an 18.6% recovery of the initial activity. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 23.3 micromoles per minute per milligram protein, a pH optimum of 7.5, and the activity was enhanced by dithiothreitol and MnCl2. The enzyme was only half as active with MgCl2 as with MnCl2. Na+, K, and Ca2+ cations had little effect on the enzyme activity, while Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ cations were strongly inhibitory at 10 millimolar concentrations. Purified galactinol synthase bound specifically to the substrates myo-inositol and UDP-galactose (K(m) = 6.5 and 1.8 millimolar, respectively), while exhibiting little affinity for an alternative glycosyl donor (UDP-glucose) or inositol epimers (epi- and scyllo-). Ten millimolar concentrations of UMP, UDP, UTP, AMP, ADP, ATP, NAD+, NADH, NADP+, UDP-xylose, and UDP-mannose, or 20 millimolar sucrose, talose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and melibiose exhibited various degrees of inhibitory effects. Twenty millimolar stachyose, raffinose, fructose, and mannose, and 10 millimolar UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-galacturonic acid had little or no effect on the enzyme activity. The purified galactinal synthase is a monomer of M(r) 42,000 with an isoelectric point of 4.1. RP SMITH, PT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1104/pp.96.3.693 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX725 UT WOS:A1991FX72500005 PM 16668244 ER PT J AU MIYASAKA, SC BUTA, JG HOWELL, RK FOY, CD AF MIYASAKA, SC BUTA, JG HOWELL, RK FOY, CD TI MECHANISM OF ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN SNAPBEANS - ROOT EXUDATION OF CITRIC-ACID SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; TOXICITY; CALMODULIN; PHYSIOLOGY; CHELATION; CITRATE; PLANTS; SOILS; CELLS AB One proposed mechanism of aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants is the release of an Al-chelating compound into the rhizosphere. In this experiment, two cultivars of snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. "Romano" and "Dade") that differ in Al tolerance were grown hydroponically with and without Al under aseptic conditions. After growth in nutrient solutions for 8 days, aliphatic and phenolic organic acids were analyzed in the culture solutions with an ion chromatograph and a high pressure liquid chromatograph. The tolerant snapbean, "Dade", when exposed to Al, exuded citric acid into the rhizosphere in a concentration that was 70 times as great as that of "Dade" grown without Al, and 10 times as great as that of "Romano" grown with or without Al. The sensitive cultivar, "Romano", exuded only slightly more citric acid into the growing medium under Al-stress, compared to nonstressed conditions. Citric acid is known to chelate Al strongly and to reverse its phytotoxic effects. Also, citric acid has been shown previously to enhance the availability of phosphorus (P) from insoluble Al phosphates. Thus, one mechanism of Al-tolerance in snapbeans appears to be the exudation of citric acid into the rhizosphere, induced either by toxic levels of Al or by low P due to the precipitation of insoluble Al phosphates. Our experiment was not able to distinguish between these two factors; however, tolerance to both primary and secondary Al-stress injuries are important for plants growing in Al-toxic soils. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MIYASAKA, SC (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII BRANCH STN,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 30 TC 294 Z9 338 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3 BP 737 EP 743 DI 10.1104/pp.96.3.737 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX725 UT WOS:A1991FX72500011 PM 16668249 ER PT J AU MOORE, PH COSGROVE, DJ AF MOORE, PH COSGROVE, DJ TI DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CELL AND TISSUE WATER RELATIONS PARAMETERS IN STORAGE PARENCHYMA OF SUGARCANE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SUCROSE TRANSPORT; TURGOR REGULATION; PRESSURE PROBE; PLANT-CELLS; SOLUTES; BEET; LAMPROTHAMNIUM; CLAMP; STEM AB The osmotic pressure of the cell sap of stalk storage parenchyma of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) increases by an order of magnitude during ontogeny to reach molar concentrations of sucrose at maturity. Stalk parenchyma cells must either experience very high turgor at maturation or have an ability to regulate turgor. We tested this hypothesis by using pressure probe techniques to quantify parameters of cell and tissue water relations of sugarcane storage parenchyma during ontogeny. The largest developmental change was in the volumetric elastic modulus, which increased from 6 bars in immature tissue to 43 bars in mature tissue. Turgor was maintained relatively low during sucrose accumulation by the partitioning of solutes between the cell and wall compartments. Membrane hydraulic conductivity decreased from about 12 x 10(-7) centimeters per second per bar down to 4.4 x 10(-7) centimeters per second per bar. The 2.7-fold decrease in membrane hydraulic conductivity during tissue maturation was accompanied by a 7.8-fold increase in wall elasticity. Integration of the cell wall and membrane properties appears to be by the opposing effects of turgor on hydraulic conductivity and elastic modulus. The changes in these properties during development of sugarcane stalk tissue may be a way for parenchyma cells to develop a capacity for expansive growth and still serve as a strong sink for storing high concentrations of sucrose. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP MOORE, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-FG0284ER13179] NR 25 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3 BP 794 EP 801 DI 10.1104/pp.96.3.794 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX725 UT WOS:A1991FX72500018 PM 11538006 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC AF SUTTLE, JC TI BIOCHEMICAL-BASES FOR THE LOSS OF BASIPETAL IAA TRANSPORT WITH ADVANCING PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE IN ETIOLATED HELIANTHUS HYPOCOTYLS - CHANGES IN IAA MOVEMENT, NET IAA UPTAKE, AND PHYTOTROPIN BINDING SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-VESICLES; AUXIN TRANSPORT; CUCURBITA; CARRIERS; ACID AB Basipetal transport of [C-14]IAA in hypocotyl segments isolated from various regions of etiolated Helianthus annuus L. cv NK 265 seedlings declines with increasing physiological age. This decline was the result of a reduction in both transport capacity and apparent velocity. Net IAA uptake was greater and the abilities of auxin transport inhibitors to stimulate net IAA uptake were reduced in older tissues. Net IAA accumulation by microsomal vesicles exhibited a similar behavior with respect to age. Specific binding of [H-3]N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to microsomes prepared from young and older hypocotyl regions was saturable and consistent with a single class of binding sites. The apparent affinity constants for NPA binding in microsomes prepared from young versus older tissues were 6.4 and 10.8 nanomolar, respectively, and the binding site densities for young versus old tissues were 7.44 and 3.29 picomoles/milligram protein, respectively. Specific binding of [H-3]NPA in microsomes prepared from both tissues displayed similar sensitivities toward unlabeled flurenol and exhibited only slight differences in sensitivity toward 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. These results demonstrate that the progressive loss of basipetal IAA transport capacity in etiolated Helianthus hypocotyls with advancing age is associated with substantial alterations in the phytotropin-sensitive, IAA efflux system and they suggest that these changes are, at least partially, responsible for the observed reduction of polar IAA transport with advancing tissue age. RP SUTTLE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3 BP 875 EP 880 DI 10.1104/pp.96.3.875 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FX725 UT WOS:A1991FX72500031 PM 16668268 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ THORNLEY, WR HARRISON, PA BENNETT, JH AF CHATTERTON, NJ THORNLEY, WR HARRISON, PA BENNETT, JH TI DP-3 AND DP-4 OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL GRASS FOLIAGE GROWN UNDER COOL TEMPERATURES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FRUCTAN; KESTOSE; RAFFINOSE; STACHYOSE; CARBOHYDRATES; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GONDWANIC (PLANTS THAT ORIGINATED ON THE CONTINENTAL LAND MASS; THAT SPLIT AND NOW COMPRISES ANTARCTICA, AUSTRALIA, AFRICA,; SOUTH-AMERICA, MADAGASCAR, AND THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT) ID LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM L; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS; FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS; SUCROSE; STARCH; LEAVES; QUANTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Representative species of three grass types (C-3 cool-season, C-3 Gondwanic, and C-4 warm-season) were grown in cool temperatures (10-degrees-C/5-degrees-C, day/night) and analyzed for DP-3 and DP-4 sugars. Low molecular weight oligosaccharides were separated using anion exchange chromatography and quantified by comparison with known standards using pulsed amperometric detection. Although large amounts of 1-kestose (DP-3) were found in the foliage of C-3 cool-season plants, only trace amounts were found in the other types. 6-Kestose was a minor component in some species but the third fructan trisaccharide, neokestose, was not detected in any of the nine species examined. Nystose, a DP-4 inulin oligosaccharide, the synthesis of which requires 1-kestose as a substrate, was found only in C-3 cool-season grasses that contained significant amounts of 1-kestose. Even though raffinose was present in many of the species tested, stachose (DP4 in the raffinose series) occurred only in Panicum virgatum. The amounts of total nonstructural carbohydrates were similar in the foliage of C-3 cool-season and C-3 Gondwanic species. However, sucrose was much higher in the C-3 Gondwanic species than in C-3 cool-season plants. C-3 cool-season grasses partitioned significant carbohydrates into fructan such that the amount of sucrose and fructan in C-3 cool-season plants was comparable to sucrose concentrations in C-3 Gondwanic species. Results of the analyses of DP-3 and DP-4 oligosaccharides in three grass types support the hypotheses that significant fructan biosynthesis occurs only in C-3 cool-season grasses. Only those grasses containing foliar fructan photosynthesize and grow at relatively cool temperatures. RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK163 UT WOS:A1991GK16300010 ER PT J AU SMITH, DR AF SMITH, DR TI FLIGHT RECORDS FOR 28 SPECIES OF MACROPHYA DAHLBOM (HYMENOPTERA, TENTHREDINIDAE) IN VIRGINIA, AND AN UNUSUAL SPECIMEN OF M-EPINOTA (SAY) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE MACROPHYA; SAWFLIES; FLIGHT RECORDS AB Twenty-eight species of the sawfly genus Macrophya Dahlbom were collected in a 500 acre site in Virginia over a five year period. Peak annual flight periods ranged from the end of April to the first of July, but most occurred in June. A morphologically unusual female of M. epinota (Say) is noted that has an unusual, deep pit below the medial angle of the mesepisternum. RP SMITH, DR (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 93 IS 3 BP 772 EP 775 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GJ417 UT WOS:A1991GJ41700025 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ AF GAGNE, RJ TI BAYERIOLA-GAGNE, NEW NAME FOR BAYERIA-RUBSAAMEN 1914 (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE), PREOCCUPIED BY FRITSCH 1905 (PISCES) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 93 IS 3 BP 791 EP 791 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GJ417 UT WOS:A1991GJ41700031 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF KATONA, IM PAUL, WE FINKELMAN, FD AF URBAN, JF KATONA, IM PAUL, WE FINKELMAN, FD TI INTERLEUKIN-4 IS IMPORTANT IN PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO A GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION IN MICE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INTERLEUKIN-4; INTERLEUKIN-5; IGE; EOSINOPHIL; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS ID CELL-STIMULATORY FACTOR; POLYCLONAL IGE RESPONSE; FACTOR-I INTERLEUKIN-4; T-CELL; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; MURINE LEISHMANIASIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; INTERFERON-GAMMA AB Parasitic helminths typically induce components of immediate-type hypersensitivity, including elevated serum IgE, eosinophilia, and mucosal mast cells. These responses are T-cell-dependent and associated with rapid expulsion of parasitic worms from a sensitized host; existing experimental systems have failed to define the precise role of cytokines in these responses. We report here that anti-interleukin 4 or anti-interleukin 4 receptor antibodies block the polyclonal IgE response to a parasitic nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and abrogate protective immunity to the infection. In contrast, anti-interleukin 5 antibody prevented H. polygyrus-induced eosinophilia but did not prevent protection. These data provide evidence that a specific cytokine affects the physiology and survival of a parasitic nematode in the host. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20888. NIAID,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD. RP URBAN, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26150] NR 39 TC 308 Z9 309 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 88 IS 13 BP 5513 EP 5517 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5513 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FU901 UT WOS:A1991FU90100008 PM 2062833 ER PT J AU ELENA, SF DOPAZO, J FLORES, R DIENER, TO MOYA, A AF ELENA, SF DOPAZO, J FLORES, R DIENER, TO MOYA, A TI PHYLOGENY OF VIROIDS, VIROID-LIKE SATELLITE RNAS, AND THE VIROID-LIKE DOMAIN OF HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS-RNA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE STATISTICAL GEOMETRY; QUASISPECIES; RNA WORLD; LIVING FOSSILS ID PROPOSED SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SELF-CLEAVAGE; CIRCULAR RNAS; REPLICATION; INTRONS; MICROCOMPUTER; EVOLUTION; REGION; MODEL AB We report a phylogenetic study of viroids, some plant satellite RNAs, and the viroidlike domain of human hepatitis-delta-virus RNA. Our results support a monophyletic origin of these RNAs and are consistent with the hypothesis that they may be "living fossils" of a precellular RNA world. Moreover, the viroidlike domain of human hepatitis-delta-virus RNA appears closely related to the viroidlike satellite RNAs of plants, with which it shares some structural and functional properties. On the basis of our phylogenetic analysis, we propose a taxonomic classification of these RNAs. C1 UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT GENET,DR MOLINER 50,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. CSIC,INST AGROQUIM & TECNOL ALIMENTOS,UNIDAD BIOL MOLEC & CELULAR PLANTAS,E-46010 VALENCIA,SPAIN. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV VALENCIA,SERV BIOINFORMAT,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. RI Moya, Andres/A-8190-2008; Elena, Santiago/A-4191-2011; Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Flores, Ricardo/K-2788-2014 OI Moya, Andres/0000-0002-2867-1119; Elena, Santiago/0000-0001-8249-5593; Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Flores, Ricardo/0000-0002-3033-5077 NR 50 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 88 IS 13 BP 5631 EP 5634 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5631 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FU901 UT WOS:A1991FU90100032 PM 1712103 ER PT J AU CARMICHAEL, GJ AF CARMICHAEL, GJ TI RECOVERY OF CHANNEL CATFISH FROM ABDOMINAL-SURGERY SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; SEX AB Surgical incisions, performed with anesthesia in a septic environment, were made in the lateral-ventral abdominal wall of 244 fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; mean weight, 39.8 g +/- 1.2 SE), and survival was monitored for 27 d. The incisions allowed gross observation of developing gonads to determine gender. After fish recovered from anesthesia in aerated water (about 30 min after they were first netted), they were dosed with NaCl (5.9 g/L) and nitrofurazone (211 mg/L). Thereafter, the fish were treated twice daily for 10 d with salt and nitrofurazone in a flow-through water system. They resumed feeding 6 d after surgery. Twenty-seven days after surgery, survival averaged 95.5% and all incisions were healed. Small channel catfish do not have to be killed or allowed to die after invasive procedures. Nevertheless, continued research is needed on noninvasive procedures to obtain biological information without surgery-related mortality. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 53 IS 3 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0193:ROCCFA>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA GQ649 UT WOS:A1991GQ64900014 ER PT J AU HADIDI, A HANSEN, AJ PARISH, CL YANG, X AF HADIDI, A HANSEN, AJ PARISH, CL YANG, X TI SCAR SKIN AND DAPPLE APPLE VIROIDS ARE SEED-BORNE AND PERSISTENT IN INFECTED APPLE-TREES SO RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIROID; PHYTOPATHOLOGY; RNA; PCR; POME FRUIT ID TRUE POTATO SEED; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SPINDLE AB The closely related apple scar skin viroid (ASSV) and dapple apple viroid (DAV) were identified in whole seeds from infected prome fruits by hybridization of extracted nucleic acids with a P-32-labelled ASSV cRNA probe. Viroid amounts were greater in seed coats and subcoats than in seed cotyledons and embryos. ASSV or DAV was also detected in nucleic acid extracts from infected seeds, cotyledons and embryos by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction with viroid-cDNA-specific primers followed by Southern blot hybridization analysis of the amplified products with an ASSV cRNA probe. These results indicate that ASSV and DAV are seed-borne. ASSV and DAV were also found in the anthers, petals, receptacles, leaves, bark and roots of infected trees. The results suggest that viroid-infected trees constitue potential sources of the viroid in field spread. ASSV and DAV infections have been observed sporadically in commercial orchards in the United States and Canada and the infected trees have been eliminated. The use of viroid-free sources of seeds, seedlings, rootstocks and budwood should greatly reduce the risk of the future spread of the viroid. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. AGR CANADA,SUMMERLAND V0H 1Z0,BC,CANADA. RP HADIDI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2516 J9 RES VIROLOGY JI Res. Virol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 142 IS 4 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0923-2516(91)90015-U PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA GD404 UT WOS:A1991GD40400006 PM 1796215 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL JACOBS, FW ENGELHAUPT, ME AF STEFFENS, GL JACOBS, FW ENGELHAUPT, ME TI EFFECTS OF GROWTH-REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF OWN-ROOTED GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE-TREES SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE; BIENNIAL BEARING; GIBBERELLIN; GROWTH RETARDANT; PACLOBUTRAZOL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PROMALIN; TISSUE CULTURE; TRIAZOLE ID GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS SYSTEM; CONTROLLING PLANT-GROWTH; PACLOBUTRAZOL; SEEDLINGS; YIELD; SHOOT; SIZE AB Established tissue-culture propagated own-rooted cultivar 'Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were treated with paclobutrazol at a dosage of 40 mg cm-2 of trunk cross-sectional area (average of 1.48 g per tree) via trunk drench at the end of the fifth growing season. They responded the second season after application. Treatment with the triazole GA biosynthesis inhibitor had more effect on vegetative growth than on flower cluster or fruit number. It reduced terminal shoot length and tended to reduce fruit yield and seasonal net photosynthesis on a leaf area basis. Weight per fruit was not changed but fruit length tended to be slightly reduced whereas russeting index was increased. Promalin (GA4+7+BA) applications to paclobutrazol-treated trees did not alter growth or fruiting. Despite the fact that paclobutrazol inhibited terminal shoot growth, treated trees went into biennial bearing as readily as untreated trees after a heavy fruit load season. Vegetative growth was vigorous the "off year" and terminal shoot growth was no longer inhibited by paclobutrazol. Applications of GA4+7 to trees during the "off-year" did not affect vegetative growth that season or fruiting the following season. "On year" yield tended to be reduced from trees that had been treated with paclobutrazol 5 years earlier. RP STEFFENS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90008-M PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FY955 UT WOS:A1991FY95500008 ER PT J AU GOUNARIS, EK SHERWOOD, RT GOUNARIS, I HAMILTON, RH GUSTINE, DL AF GOUNARIS, EK SHERWOOD, RT GOUNARIS, I HAMILTON, RH GUSTINE, DL TI INORGANIC SALTS MODIFY EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT IN SEXUAL AND APOSPOROUS CENCHRUS-CILIARIS SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE CENCHRUS-CILIARIS; MEGASPOROGENESIS; MEGAGAMETOGENESIS; APOSPORY; APOMIXIS; EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT; SALT STRESS ID BUFFELGRASS; APOMIXIS AB Sexual and aposporously apomictic plants of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) from megaspore tetrads. In sexual plants the chalazal megaspore develops into a single Polygonum type embryo sac. In aposporous plants the megaspores degenerate, and one or more unreduced nucellar cells from Panicum type embryo sacs. Apospory is conditioned by gene A; the dominant allele of gene B is epistatic to A and preserves sexual reproduction. We recently observed that heavy application of (NH4)2SO4 to the soil induced multiple embryo sacs in a sexual line. Therefore we tested the effect of salt stress on embryo sac formation in sexual and aposporous genotypes. One molar solutions of CaCl2, NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NaNO3, or Na2SO4 were applied to the soil of greenhouse plants every day or two starting at the archespore stage. Some of the pistils in salt-treated plants of sexual genotypes AaBb, aaBb, and aabb showed features not seen in untreated controls: (1) multiple Polygonum type embryo sacs in 1%-7% of pistils depending upon the salt; (2) embryo sacs without antipodals (0%-7%); (3) embryo sacs protruding through the micropyle (1%-16%). Some pistils of salt-treated obligately aposporous lines, but not controls, developed Polygonum type embryo sacs (4%-13%) and protruding embryo sacs (0%-6%). There was no ion specificity for induction of abnormal features. We postulate that salt stress suppresses the developmental priority of nucellar embryo sacs over megaspores in aposporous lines and of the chalazal megaspore over other megaspores in all lines. This may permit megaspores of aposporous plants to form reduced Polygonum type gametophytes, and permit more than one megaspore to form reduced embryo sacs in all lines. Protrusion of sacs and failure of antipodal formation in reduced embryo sacs may be the consequence of uncoordinated expansion of the embryo sacs and surrounding tissue. C1 USDA ARS,REG PASTURE RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 4 IS 3 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA FY208 UT WOS:A1991FY20800006 ER PT J AU WRAITH, JM BAKER, JM AF WRAITH, JM BAKER, JM TI HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT OF ROOT WATER-UPTAKE USING AUTOMATED TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL-MOISTURE AB Methods for monitoring changes in soil water content with high resolution in both space and time are needed to help quantify patterns of soil-water uptake by plant roots. We designed and tested an automated time-domain reflectometry (TDR) system for precise, continuous measurement of such changes. A two-dimensional root-zone enclosure was constructed from stainless steel wire cloth, with a parallel pair waveguide centered within each of 10 rectangular compartments. The wire cloth confined the electromagnetic pulse from the TDR without restricting root growth or water movement. Digitized waveforms from the analog TDR unit were captured, analyzed, and converted to volumetric water content by a program written for a datalogger. A sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) plant was grown for 84 d, during which soil water content and changes in weight were monitored at 15-min intervals. Standard deviations in water-content measurement were estimated to be between 0.0008 and 0.001 m3 m-3. Water-balance computations of evapotranspiration agreed well with measurements by a precision electronic balance, with a standard deviation of 0.0012 m3 m-3 during a 6-d period. The wire mesh supported the root system, which had grown through it, even after soil was removed by rinsing with water. This will facilitate determination of root densities corresponding to measured changes in water content. The high degree of spatial and temporal resolution afforded by the system make it a valuable tool for studying the dynamics of water flow in the root zone, and information provided by this method may allow resolution of some issues that have remained controversial due to lack of measurement ability. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP WRAITH, JM (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 928 EP 932 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GC436 UT WOS:A1991GC43600005 ER PT J AU AMBUS, P LOWRANCE, R AF AMBUS, P LOWRANCE, R TI DIVISION S-3 SOIL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - COMPARISON OF DENITRIFICATION IN 2 RIPARIAN SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE; NITRATE AB The factors controlling NO3 removal in riparian buffer systems are poorly understood. We measured denitrification rates for two Coastal Plain, forested riparian zone soils: Kinston fine loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquent) and Alapaha loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthic Paleaquult). Kinston soils are more poorly drained and have higher organic matter than Alapaha soils. Surface soil and shallow aquifer samples were treated with solutions that contained chloramphenicol with either distilled water, NO3-N, glucose-C, or NO3 plus glucose. Denitrification potentials (N2O production in the presence of acetylene) were significantly higher in Kinston soil for both depths. Surface samples from both soils showed significant responses to NO3 additions but no response to C additions without NO3. Subsurface samples, taken from the top of the aquifer, showed no significant response to either NO3 or C treatments for either soil. Both soils showed a high degree of stratification within the top 10 cm, with 88 and 68% of denitrification potential in the top 2 cm for Alapaha and Kinston soils, respectively. Denitrification rates in cores were much lower than in slurries but rates in cores with NO3 or NO3-plus-glucose additions were significantly higher than unamended or C-amended cores for the Kinston soil. Although both soils respond to NO3 additions, Kinston soils are better able to reduce incoming NO3. These results indicate that denitrification in the shallow aquifer is a more important NO3 removal mechanism at the Kinston site than at the Alapaha site. C1 USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV COPENHAGEN,INST POPULAT BIOL,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. RI Ambus, Per/B-2514-2015 OI Ambus, Per/0000-0001-7580-524X NR 18 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 994 EP 997 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GC436 UT WOS:A1991GC43600017 ER PT J AU AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW WALTERS, DT MOSIER, AR FRANCIS, DD AF AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW WALTERS, DT MOSIER, AR FRANCIS, DD TI CROP RESIDUE TYPE AND PLACEMENT EFFECTS ON DENITRIFICATION AND MINERALIZATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; STRAW DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; SOIL; DINITROGEN AB Nutrient release from legume and cereal crop residue is important to N cycling and the success of conservation and sustainable farming systems. Residue type, placement, and degree of incorporation, and soil water regimes largely control availability and loss of soil N and were evaluated in the laboratory. Four residues, i.e., vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) having C/N ratios ranging from 8 to 82 were applied on the soil surface or incorporated in repacked cores of a Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) and incubated for 17 or 35 d at 60 and 90% water-filled pore space (WFPS) with enriched N-15-NO3 (76.7%). Denitrification losses from all treatments were negligible at 60% WFPS. At 90% WFPS, total denitrification losses from residue-incorporated soils represented 87 to 127% of the initial soil NO3 level (80.5 mg N kg-1); losses increased with decreasing residue C/N ratio. Denitrification was greatest during the first 8 d, as was CO2 evolution. Initial denitrification with surface-placed residues was less than with incorporated residues, but cumulative losses over 35 d did not differ significantly. Substantial N immobilization occurred with incorporated or surface-placed wheat, corn, and soybean residue with wide C/N ratios at 60% WFPS, whereas, with low-C/N-ratio vetch, significant mineralization occurred. After 35 d, 51 and 36% of N in incorporated and surface-placed vetch residue, respectively, was mineralized. Residue C/N ratio was inversely related to initial rates of residue decomposition, and effects of residue type and placement and soil water on denitrification and mineralization were most important during early (8-10 d) decomposition. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 23 TC 221 Z9 234 U1 9 U2 56 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1025 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GC436 UT WOS:A1991GC43600022 ER PT J AU VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE SMITH, SJ AF VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE SMITH, SJ TI FIELD CROP RECOVERY AND MODELING OF NITROGEN MINERALIZED FROM LABELED SORGHUM RESIDUES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOILS; LEGUME; WHEAT; DECOMPOSITION AB Efficient use of fertilizer N requires an assessment of the N contribution from decomposing crop residues. The objectives of this study were to quantify and model the amount of mineralized N recovered by a growing crop from N-15-labeled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) residues of variable N concentration and composition. The residues were incorporated into the surface soil of field microplots. The microplots were double-cropped with sorghum and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for a 3-yr period. The N-15 tag in the crop residue was used to distinguish between residue-derived N and that from soil organic matter. Between 4.5 and 25% of the residue N applied (36-83 kg N ha-1 was applied as crop residue N) was recovered by a sorghum crop 110 d after incorporation. This constituted 56 to 77% of the total N recovered during a 3-yr period. Accumulated N recovered over time was described by modified first-order models. Regression analysis indicated that 93% of the variability in N recovered by 110 d could be explained using the C/N ratio and acid-detergent fiber contents of the residues. Measurements of N mineralized, using the method described above, were compared with predicted N mineralized, using MINIMO (a subroutine of the CERES-Maize model). After adjusting MINIMO parameters using data collected 110 d after residue incorporation, the slope and intercept of a linear fit between measured and MINIMO-predicted N mineralized 1097 d after residue incorporation were not different from one and zero, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,DURANT,OK 74702. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP VIGIL, MF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1037 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GC436 UT WOS:A1991GC43600024 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN AF SHARPLEY, AN TI SOIL-PHOSPHORUS EXTRACTED BY IRON-ALUMINUM-OXIDE-IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE; TESTS AB The use of Fe-Al-oxide-impregnated paper strips may allow estimation of plant-available P contents of soils with widely differing properties. Little information is available on the forms of P extracted by paper strips (SP). Relationships between SP and Olsen, Bray I, Mehlich III, and P fractions were investigated for 203 surface soils representing all soil orders. Soils were divided into calcareous, slightly weathered, and highly weathered groups, based on taxonomy and weathering. Amounts of P extracted by paper strips were closely correlated (r2 of 0.89 to 0.93, P > 0.001) with soil-test P (Olsen, Bray I, and Mehlich III), for soils on which use of the test is recommended. It is suggested that the paper strips removed primarily physically bound extractable P from all soils (approximate 1:1 relationship), with little extraction of amorphous Al and Fe or Ca compounds indicated. A potential general applicability of Fe-Al-oxide-impregnated paper strips to estimate plant-available soil P is suggested. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1041 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GC436 UT WOS:A1991GC43600025 ER PT J AU ZOBECK, TM AF ZOBECK, TM TI ABRASION OF CRUSTED SOILS - INFLUENCE OF ABRADER FLUX AND SOIL PROPERTIES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; SIMULATED RAINFALL; SAND AB Surface crusts greatly affect soil susceptibility to wind erosion. Little is known about the effects of soil properties and environmental factors on crust abrasion. In this study, the influence of abrader flux, degree of crust consolidation, and selected soil properties on soil-crust erosion was evaluated and statistically modeled. Fourteen soils, representing a wide range of physical and chemical properties, were evaluated. Soils were subjected to simulated rainfall rates of either 25 or 64 mm h-1, air dried, and abraded at mass fluxes of 0.010, 0.025, and 0.050 kg m-1 s-1. Crust abrasion (abrasion coefficient, AC) was defined as the slope of the linear regression of cumulative soil loss vs. cumulative abrader passage. An analysis of variance indicated that abrader flux, crust consolidation level, soil properties, and their interactions significantly affected (P < 0.05) soil loss. The AC ranged from 3.179 m-1 for an organic soil to 0.002 m-1 for silt loam and clay soils. The range of AC for unconsolidated soils was from 5 to 5000 times greater than for crusted soils. The mean AC for unconsolidated soils was 40 and 70 times greater than for crusted soils created at rainfall rates of 25 and 64 mm h-1, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the natural logarithm of AC was positively correlated with sand content and the cation-exchange capacity/clay ratio, and negatively correlated with abrader flux. RP ZOBECK, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 31 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1097 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GC436 UT WOS:A1991GC43600033 ER PT J AU SAWHNEY, APS HARPER, RJ ROBERT, KQ RUPPENICKER, GF AF SAWHNEY, APS HARPER, RJ ROBERT, KQ RUPPENICKER, GF TI FINISHING AND PROPERTIES OF FABRICS PRODUCED WITH POLYESTER STAPLE-CORE COTTON-WRAP YARNS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Plain and twill weave fabrics produced with unique 67/33 cotton covered, high tenacity polyester staple-core yarns in the warp and filling directions were appropriately finished without difficulty. The greige fabrics were desized, heat set, bleached, union dyed, and treated with different levels of dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) resin finish to assess the effect on important properties, including durable press rating, wrinkle recovery angle, dimensional stability, Stoll flex abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength. The test results show that the staple-core-yarn fabrics attain satisfactory durable press and dimensional stability after an ordinary process of heat setting at 190-degrees-C for 65 seconds. DMDHEU resin slightly improves the durable press rating and wrinkle recovery angles, but more resin does not necessarily improve the properties proportionally; resin as low as 1% in solution gives acceptable DP results and improves pilling resistance. The DMDHEU resin finish diminishes flex abrasion resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength, but the deterioration is much less than with similar 100% cotton fabrics. The breaking and tearing strengths remain especially high. RP SAWHNEY, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 61 IS 7 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1177/004051759106100705 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FU794 UT WOS:A1991FU79400005 ER PT J AU BUGERT, RM BJORNN, TC MEEHAN, WR AF BUGERT, RM BJORNN, TC MEEHAN, WR TI SUMMER HABITAT USE BY YOUNG SALMONIDS AND THEIR RESPONSES TO COVER AND PREDATORS IN A SMALL SOUTHEAST ALASKA STREAM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CHINOOK SALMON; DOLLY VARDEN; SALVELINUS-MALMA; ENERGY DYNAMICS; CARNATION CREEK; TROUT; SELECTION AB We observed young coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, steelhead O. mykiss, and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma in a second-order stream on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, to assess differences between species in habitat use and response to cover and predators. Habitat use by subyearlings of the three species differed primarily in depth of water and position in the water column. Coho salmon selected the relatively deep areas of the small stream; steelhead were more evenly spread across the bottom, regardless of depth; and Dolly Varden were close to the bottom in water less than 20 cm deep. All three species selected lower positions in the water column in pools without cover than in pools with riparian or instream cover. We detected no shift in habitat use in response to fish predators. C1 UNIV IDAHO,IDAHO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,JUNEAU,AK 99802. NR 56 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 120 IS 4 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0474:SHUBYS>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA GC662 UT WOS:A1991GC66200006 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, RL JOHNSON, CE CHAPMAN, ML GILL, WR AF SCHAFER, RL JOHNSON, CE CHAPMAN, ML GILL, WR TI DISK SPACING MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING GANG PERFORMANCE (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 711, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE DISKS; GANG; SPACING; PERFORMANCE; MODELING AB The effect of disk spacing and gang angle on gang forces was investigated. Two conventional disk shapes were used at two gang angles. One angle provided soil clearance on the back side of the disk; the other was a commonly used angle which resulted in soil pressure on the back side of the disk. All tests were run at a speed of 1.3 m/s and a depth of 150 mm. The forces on a disk gang were found to vary linearly with the spacing as disk spacing was varied from 100 to 500 mm. A model was developed which described the soil forces as a function of the number of disks and the spacing of the disks in a gang. Results showed that changing disk spacing significantly changed disk gang forces. The disk gang force model was used to explore possibilities for design of disk harrows for maximum or minimum forces. The model was also used to determine the disk spacing at which no ballast was needed to force the harrow to operating depth. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SCHAFER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 711 EP 717 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800001 ER PT J AU MCCANN, IR MCFARLAND, MJ WITZ, JA AF MCCANN, IR MCFARLAND, MJ WITZ, JA TI NEAR-SURFACE BARE SOIL-TEMPERATURE MODEL FOR BIOPHYSICAL MODELS (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 748, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE SOIL; SOIL TEMPERATURE; INSECTS; BIOPHYSICS; MODELING ID DRYLAND EVAPORATIVE FLUX; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT; SUBHUMID CLIMATE; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; NOCTUIDAE AB A simple model for hourly soil temperatures within 100 mm of the surface, for use in appropriate biophysical development models, was derived from simulations using a physically based, one-dimensional, numerical model for soil temperature and water content in a bare soil. The simple model incorporates the effect of soil water content by assuming that the primary mechanism by which it influences soil temperature is the surface energy balance. Daily surface temperature maxima and minima are estimated from daily meteorological data and, from these, hourly soil temperature is estimated. Results indicate that the simple model adequately estimated hourly soil temperatures during the early spring in College Station, Texas. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MCCANN, IR (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT AGR ENGN,CTR RES & EXTENS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 748 EP 755 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800003 ER PT J AU WILSON, BN HAAN, CT ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM AF WILSON, BN HAAN, CT ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM TI BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION OF EROSION PARAMETERS .2. APPLICATION (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASEA, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 821, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE ERODIBILITY; WEPP; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; BAYESIAN AB This is a second article of a two-part study to improve the estimation of erosion parameters using Bayesian methods. Here the general relationships developed in the first article are applied to interrill and rill erodibilities. Prior information is represented by regression equations of the WEPP data set. A normal distribution of interrill erodibility and a log-normal distribution of rill erodibility are assumed. These assumptions are shown to be reasonable. The proposed Bayesian technique is tested using the relatively large data base contained in WEPP and for three soils not included in the regression data base. Overall, the technique works very well resulting in a more reliable and usually smaller spread in the probability density functions. It appears to be a very useful procedure for combining site-specific information with that contained in a national data base. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WILSON, BN (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 821 EP 830 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800007 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ AF HAGEN, LJ TI WIND EROSION MECHANICS - ABRASION OF AGGREGATED SOIL (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 831, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE WIND; EROSION; MODELING ID INDEX AB The wind erosion process on agricultural soils is being modeled as the time-dependent conservation of mass transport of soil moving as saltation and creep. Emission of loose soil and abrasion of clods and crust act as sources, whereas trapping and suspension act as sinks for the moving soil. In this study, an expression for the abrasion source term was derived. Abrasion flux from aggregates or crust was shown to be the product of three variables - fraction of saltation impacting the target, an abrasion coefficient, and saltation discharge. Various aspects of the proposed abrasion source term were then investigated in three wind tunnel studies. First, crusted trays were abraded using a range of windspeeds and sand abrader rates. Regression analysis showed there was no significant relationship between crust abrasion coefficients and fraction of abrader moving below 0.1 m (i.e. abrader trajectories). This result shows practical abrasion coefficients can be developed which depend only on the properties of the target and abrader. Second, a relationship was developed to predict fraction of saltation impacting surface aggregates (or intervening crust) as a function of surface aggregate cover and roughness. The relationship was tested in the tunnel by abrading crusted trays partially covered (0 to 30%) with non-abradable aggregates. Regression analysis showed there was good agreement (R2 = 0.97) between observed and predicted fraction of abrader impacting aggregates. In the third experiment, trays were filled with various mixtures of large- and saltation-size aggregates. The trays were abraded in the wind tunnel by a low saltation discharge from a narrow upwind aggregate bed. The results showed that, because the wind transport capacity significantly exceeded the saltation discharge, the surface tended to armor with large aggregates. In this case, the fraction of abrader impacting large aggregates was not significantly different from one for a wide range of aggregate mixtures. RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 831 EP 837 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800008 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JS SELIM, HM CARTER, CE FOUSS, JL AF ROGERS, JS SELIM, HM CARTER, CE FOUSS, JL TI VARIABILITY OF AUGER HOLE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY VALUES FOR A COMMERCE SILT LOAM (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 876, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE SOIL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY; AUGERS ID SOIL AB Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(s)) values measured from auger holes spaced 6.1 m apart in twenty-six 300 m transects were analyzed for spatial variability. Hole depths from 0.6 to 2.4 m in 0.3 m increments with water table depths from near 0 to 1.0 m were used in this study. The same auger hole was normally used for several depths by first digging the hole to the shallowest depth and then succesively increasing the depth in 30 cm increments. A capacitance system was used to measure the rate of water rise in the auger holes at depths to 2.1 m whereas a resistance tape system was used for depths > 2.1 m. Spatial variability analyses showed significant spatial structure for several transects and little or no structure, i.e. random variation of K(s), for most other transects. However, the removal of the variation caused by the presence of a significant drift in the data sets also removed all apparent spatial structure. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP ROGERS, JS (reprint author), USDA,BATON ROUGE,LA, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 876 EP 882 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800011 ER PT J AU AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB SCHONEMAN, RA DETTINGER, DR AF AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB SCHONEMAN, RA DETTINGER, DR TI INFLUENCE OF COTTON CANOPY ON SPRINKLER IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 890, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE IRRIGATION; WATER DISTRIBUTION; CROP CANOPY; COTTON ID WATER APPLICATION AB Irrigation system performance is often evaluated based on a uniformity coefficient calculated from water collected in a measuring apparatus or from changes in the soil water content. These measurements are generally made from one test and usually when no crop is present. However, a growing crop canopy has a significant potential to modify the distribution of water applied during an irrigation. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a cotton canopy on sprinkler irrigation uniformity. A seven-span lateral move sprinkler irrigation machine was used with sprinklers designed to create different levels of water application uniformity. Five uniformities and two depths of application were evaluated. Irrigation water was caught above and below the canopy by plastic troughs which spanned the distance between rows. Christiansen's Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) was used as the measure of uniformity and was calculated on both a daily and cumulative application basis. The cotton leaf canopy was found to be significantly influenced by the water application patterns and depths in the uniformity/application depth treatments. The row-to-row variations in plant height, leaf area, and leaf distribution had a significant effect on the distribution of water below the canopy. Water application data collected above and below the canopy showed that an increased percentage of the applied water was "lost" as the depth of application was reduced. Increasing the depth of applied water tended to improve the CUC both above and below the canopy. The CUC was higher below the canopy for any given application than above the canopy. In the high uniformity treatments, the depth of applied water had less effect on the difference in calculated CUC above and below the canopy than in the low uniformity treatments. RP AYARS, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 890 EP 896 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800012 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, BL AFFELDT, HA HRUSCHKA, WR THROOP, JA AF UPCHURCH, BL AFFELDT, HA HRUSCHKA, WR THROOP, JA TI OPTICAL-DETECTION OF BRUISES AND EARLY FROST DAMAGE ON APPLES (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 1004, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE APPLES; FROST DAMAGE; OPTICS AB Diffuse reflectance in the 400 to 1012 nanometer (nm) region was measured on blemished and nonblemished areas of whole 'Empire' apples. The 'Empire' variety is a multi-colored fruit with a high percentage of green coloration in addition to red pigmentation. Reflectance models were developed from the reflectance spectra for identifying bruised, frost damaged (russett-like appearance) and nonblemished areas on unpeeled apples. Single term linear regression analysis was used to select the proper wavelengths for each model. Models were formed from 96 spectra, which included the reflectance spectra from nonblemished red and green, bruised red and green, and early frost damaged sites. No single model tested could classify the samples into three categories: frost damaged, bruised, and nonblemished. Although the ratio between the reflectance at two wavelengths had a high correlation (r2 = 0.77), it was unable to separate the nonblemished and bruised green samples from the frost damaged samples. However, a three-step process, based on a different model for each step separated frost damaged fruit from the lot, separated red and green from the remaining areas, and then identified the bruised areas within the red and green samples. C1 SUNKIST GROWERS INC,ONTARIO,CA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP UPCHURCH, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1004 EP 1009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800017 ER PT J AU PETERS, PA AF PETERS, PA TI CORRELATING PRODUCTION OF ACCUMULATING FELLER-BUNCHERS (CORRECTION OF TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE, VOL 34, NO 3, PG 1024, 1991) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE FORESTRY; FELLER-BUNCHERS; TIMBER PRODUCTION; FOREST ENGINEERING; FOREST OPERATIONS; LOGGING AB The field performance of accumulating feller-bunchers reported in the United States and Canadian literature is reviewed. The major variables affecting feller-buncher performance in trees per productive machine hour (TPPMH) are average stand tree diameter at breast height (DBH), initial stand trees/ha (TPHA), and trees per accumulation (TPACC). The correlation between these variables is used to determine TPPMH as a linear function of DBH only. Slopes ranged from -6 to -25 TPPMH/DBH (trees/cm/h) for the feller-bunchers considered. Accumulating feller-bunchers should be considered for use in stands with DBH = 15 to 30 cm and shear or saw diameter should be two to three times DBH. RP PETERS, PA (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1024 EP 1030 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800018 ER PT J AU NOH, KM ERBACH, DC AF NOH, KM ERBACH, DC TI A SEMI-RECURSIVE DYNAMIC ALGORITHM USING VARIATIONAL VECTOR APPROACH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MODELING; ALGORITHM; TRACTOR; MOBILITY ID TRACTOR AB A semi-recursive dynamic algorithm was developed to derive equations of tractor motion. The algorithm is based on the variational vector approach and uses relative generalized coordinates in Cartesian space. This algorithm is applicable for both open- and closed-loop systems. Typical translational, revolute, and spherical joints are formulated, and cut-constraint Jacobians are developed to solve the closed-loop system. A two-wheel-drive tractor was modeled as an example, and a "lane change" maneuver was performed on sinusoidal bump terrain. The execution time necessary for one time-step simulation is 48 ms, compared with 92 ms for a full-recursive formulation, when run on a 16-MHz 80386 microcomputer with a math coprocessor. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP NOH, KM (reprint author), KEONKUK UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,CHUNGJU,SOUTH KOREA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1566 EP 1574 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800021 ER PT J AU BARGERON, JD GARNER, TH AF BARGERON, JD GARNER, TH TI COTTONSEED FRAGMENT CONTAMINATION AND FABRIC IMPERFECTIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; SEED-COAT FRAGMENTS; CONTAMINATION AB Three suspected categories of seed-coat-fragment contamination in cotton lint were investigated. These were chalazal chips, seed damage, and immature seed. The most important variable for the first category was the work, as estimated by a ballistic pendulum apparatus, required to remove lint from the chalazal, rounded end of the cottonseed. In the second category, the percent damage in acid-delinted samples was selected. In the third, the coefficient of variation for cottonseed diameter was the prime variable. Fabric was woven for each of the cottons and the number of seed-coat fragments on the surface of the fabrics was counted. For the group of cottons used in this study, chalazal detachment work accounted for 16% of the variability in the fragments on the fabric; percent damaged seed, 1%; and the seed size coefficient of variation, 73%. Apparently, seeds less than 3.73 mm in diameter, when present in the seed size distribution, were the major source of seed-coat-fragment contamination for this study. C1 CLARKSON UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,POTSDAM,NY 13676. RP BARGERON, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1575 EP 1582 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800022 ER PT J AU ROTZ, CA DAVIS, RJ ABRAMS, SM AF ROTZ, CA DAVIS, RJ ABRAMS, SM TI INFLUENCE OF RAIN AND CROP CHARACTERISTICS ON ALFALFA DAMAGE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; HAY; LEGUME; YIELD; MODEL AB Various treatments of alfalfa were exposed to controlled amounts, rates and durations of rainfall with a spray system. Alfalfa exposed to rain at a rate of 18 mm/h, lost about 0.1% dry matter per mm of rain. With the total amount of rain held constant at 18 mm, 1.1% dry matter was lost per hour of rain duration. The loss was highly soluble dry matter. This loss increased the fiber and fiber bound protein concentrations, slightly increased the concentration of crude protein and decreased the dry matter digestibility. Total loss was not affected much by the swath density of the alfalfa, but leaf loss in heavy swaths was about half that in light swaths. Rain on alfalfa of 40% or less moisture caused slightly greater leaching of plant nutrients and 15% greater leaf loss compared to alfalfa of 65% moisture. Rain induced dry matter and nutrient loss in macerated alfalfa was more than three times that of mechanically, or mechanically and chemically, conditioned alfalfa. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP ROTZ, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1583 EP 1591 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800023 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, RL BAILEY, AC JOHNSON, CE RAPER, RL AF SCHAFER, RL BAILEY, AC JOHNSON, CE RAPER, RL TI A RATIONALE FOR MODELING SOIL COMPACTION BEHAVIOR - AN ENGINEERING MECHANICS APPROACH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; MODELING ID INTERFACE STRESS MEASUREMENTS; AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES; HYDROSTATIC COMPACTION AB Modeling agricultural soil compaction is important as one input to a system of effective management of soil physical condition to improve crop production. The desired degree of compaction depends on the intended purpose; for example, the requirements for traction and mobility are quite different from those for infiltration and root propagation. Our goal is to develop a compaction model and related soil and soil-machine behavior models which can be used to design systems for effective management of soil physical condition. In this article we discuss our rationale in modeling soil compaction and related soil-machine systems. The status of the various modeling efforts is discussed, as are plans and needs for the future. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SCHAFER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1609 EP 1617 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800027 ER PT J AU PERKINS, HH BRUSHWOOD, DE AF PERKINS, HH BRUSHWOOD, DE TI ARSENIC ACID DESICCANT RESIDUES IN COTTON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; HARVESTING; ARSENIC AB Arsenic acid is the principal chemical desiccant used to prepare cotton for harvesting by stripping on as many as 2 million acres annually in Texas and Oklahoma. Because the arsenic acid is applied when bolls are open, cottons from treated fields contain arsenic. The amounts present on cottons from desiccation trials were influenced by level of application and other factors. Arsenic level of raw stock was not reduced significantly by passage through a typical yarn manufacturing process. Residual levels of arsenic in yarn were above levels previously shown to cause difficulties for textile wet processors because of wastewater and effluent water contamination. RP PERKINS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, COTTON QUAL RES STN, CLEMSON, SC USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1629 EP 1632 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800030 ER PT J AU PITT, RE LIU, Y MUCK, RE AF PITT, RE LIU, Y MUCK, RE TI SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON AEROBIC STABILITY OF ALFALFA AND CORN SILAGES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL INOCULATION; FATTY-ACIDS; DAIRY-COWS; DETERIORATION; MODEL; ENSILAGE; LACTATE; GROWTH AB Simulation models of silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration, previously developed and validated, are used to study the effects of varying application rates of inoculants, sugars, amylases, formic acid, and propionic acid on silage composition and resistance to heating in air (aerobic stability). Inoculants which reduce silage pH and increase the ratio of lactic to acetic acids are predicted to increase slightly the aerobic stability of 35% dry matter (DM) corn silage but to have minimal effects on the stability of 20, 35, and 45% DM alfalfa silage. Sugars and amylases may extend the fermentation process in alfalfa when the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) limits fermentation; their effect on aerobic stability is variable depending on whether there is residual WSC after fermentation. Formic acid, which inhibits fermentation by reducing pH, is predicted to have no effect on stability of wilted alfalfa silage; on unwilted silage, stability is reduced at application rates exceeding 1.3% of DM. Propionic acid is predicted to increase stability in proportion to application rate, and is the only additive in this study to have a substantial effect on stability. Management practices which exclude oxygen during filling and storage and result in lower fungal concentrations are predicted to increase aerobic stability and the effectiveness of additives which improve stability. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI. RP PITT, RE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1633 EP 1641 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800031 ER PT J AU MUCK, RE AF MUCK, RE TI PREDICTING LACTIC-ACID BACTERIAL NUMBERS ON ALFALFA AT 6 FARMS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; BACTERIA; SILAGE; INOCULANT ID GRASS-SILAGE; LUCERNE AB Knowledge of the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on chopped alfalfa as it enters the silo would help farmers selectively use bacterial inoculants in silage making, maximizing profits. In earlier studies, regression equations were developed to predict natural levels of LAB on alfalfa based on surveys on a single farm. In the present study, these equations were tested over two harvest seasons on six farms around Wisconsin to determine the applicability of the equations under different farm management conditions within a similar climate. The equations, with some revision, predicted the LAB on most chopped alfalfa within an order of magnitude of the measured value. Bacterial numbers were consistently overpredicted under several conditions: the first field harvested in the spring, alfalfa harvested at greater than 60% DM after one day of wilting with average temperatures above 28-degrees-C, and alfalfa mown and harvested on the same day. Removing these exceptions, average accuracy of prediction (predicted minus observed) for the six farms ranged from -0.25 to 0.22 log(colony-forming units/g alfalfa) and was not significantly different (P > 0.10) between farms. The regression equations along with assumptions regarding the benefit afforded by silage inoculants and the conditions when inoculants are successful provide a straightforward, graphical means for determining the most advantageous times for inoculant use. RP MUCK, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1647 EP 1653 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800033 ER PT J AU VOORHEES, WB AF VOORHEES, WB TI COMPACTION EFFECTS ON YIELD - ARE THEY SIGNIFICANT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; YIELDS ID SUBSOIL COMPACTION; SOIL; SURFACE; GROWTH AB Criteria to evaluate the significance of soil compaction on reducing crop yields are discussed. The criteria proposed include magnitude, persistence, extent, diversity of response, and economic impact. Examples from field experiments are given to support the use of these criteria. Economic impact of any crop loss must be balanced against the cost of alleviating the causative factors. RP VOORHEES, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1667 EP 1672 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800036 ER PT J AU PARSONS, JE DOTY, CW SKAGGS, RW AF PARSONS, JE DOTY, CW SKAGGS, RW TI DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL (WATRCOM) - FIELD TESTING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE; WATERSHED; CHANNELS; HYDROLOGIC MODELING; TESTING; WATER TABLE AB Water table observations from the 1000 ha watershed of Mitchell Creek near Tarboro, NC, were used to field test the water management model, WATRCOM. Soil properties and channel boundary conditions from three sections of the watershed along with weather data from years 1983 and 1984 were used to simulate the hydrology of the area with and without channel water level control. Six transects containing 27 water table observation wells were selected for testing. All simulations were based on measured field parameters and no calibration simulations were made to optimize parameters to fit observed data. A total of 14,000 daily water table observations were compared with simulated data. The root mean square error in simulated water tables at each well ranged from 0.05 to 0.24 m. When the data were pooled by section, the root mean square error ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 m. C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC. RP PARSONS, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1674 EP 1682 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800037 ER PT J AU SABBAGH, GJ GELETA, S ELLIOTT, RL WILLIAMS, JR GRIGGS, RH AF SABBAGH, GJ GELETA, S ELLIOTT, RL WILLIAMS, JR GRIGGS, RH TI MODIFICATION OF EPIC TO SIMULATE PESTICIDE ACTIVITIES - EPIC-PST SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WATER QUALITY; GROUND WATER; RUNOFF; LEACHING; MODELING ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; METOLACHLOR; LOUISIANA; ATRAZINE; GLEAMS AB The need for a mathematical model capable of simulating simulataneously the effects of different agricultural management practices on crop yield, and chemical (nutrients and pesticides) losses by surface runoff, sediment movement and leaching below the rootzone has prompted the development of EPIC-PST. This model was developed by using EPIC as a building block and adopting from the GLEAMS model the pesticide related subroutines. EPIC-PST was evaluated by a) validating the incorporation of GLEAMS pesticide subroutines into EPIC; b) comparing chemical losses by runoff and chemical concentration in the soil profile with observed data from Ben Hur Research Farm, near Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and c) comparing chemical concentration in the soil profile with observed data from Dorminey farm near Tifton, Georgia. It was concluded from the evaluation that the incorporation of GLEAMS pesticide-related subroutines was successfully accomplished. EPIC-PST overestimated total Atrazine loss in runoff by 7% and underestimated total Metolachlor loss in runoff by 8% when compared to the values observed at Ben Hur Research Farm. For both sites, comparison of observed and predicted pesticide concentrations in the soil profile has shown that the model is apparently simulating faster movement of chemical through the rootzone than that observed in the field. However, the patterns in the changes of chemical concentration with time were similar to the observed. C1 USDA,TEMPLE,TX. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,TEMPLE,TX. RP SABBAGH, GJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1683 EP 1692 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800038 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ HELLING, CS MOJASEVIC, M AF GISH, TJ HELLING, CS MOJASEVIC, M TI PREFERENTIAL MOVEMENT OF ATRAZINE AND CYANAZINE UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PREFERENTIAL FLOW; WATER QUALITY; HERBICIDE; MOBILITY ID GROUNDWATER AB The relative importance of preferential pesticide transport in agricultural soils was determined in a two-phase study conducted on a silt loam soil in Maryland. The first phase (1984) consisted of evaluating persistence and mobility of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and cyanazine [2-chloro-4-(1-cyano-1-methylethylamino)-6-ethylamino-s-triazine]under no-tillage corn management. The second phase (1986) dealt with persistence and mobility of the same herbicides on fallow tilled soil subjected to frequent, large water inputs. Although preferential flow was observed under both treatments and water regimes, the no-till system had the most rapid movement of herbicide relative to water inputs. Additionally, all treatments indicated that the greatest potential movement of surface-applied pesticide occurred with the first water input subsequent to application. Once the pesticide has been preferentially transported, it appears to diffuse into the soil matrix, where it is no longer subject to significant preferential movement. Based on field data and calculated mass balance, persistence of atrazine and cyanazine was unaffected by tillage practice and water regime. C1 UNIV BELGRADE,INST PLANT & FOOD PROTECT,BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GISH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1699 EP 1705 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800040 ER PT J AU RICE, CE KADAVY, KC AF RICE, CE KADAVY, KC TI RIPRAP DESIGN DOWNSTREAM OF STRAIGHT DROP SPILLWAYS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPILLWAYS; RIPRAP AB Tests made to determine the scour downstream of the straight drop spillway stilling basin and the size and placement of riprap to ensure stability of the structure are described in this article. The problem and the need for making the tests are discussed. Results are presented on the performance of the spillway with square and rounded abutments at the entrance to the stilling basin and with basins shorter than those recommended by the original design criteria. Criteria are presented to select the size and placement of riprap downstream of straight drop spillway stilling basins to ensure the integrity of the structures. RP RICE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1715 EP 1725 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800042 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ SCHOPPET, MJ HELLING, CS SHIRMOHAMMADI, A SCHREIBER, MM WING, RE AF GISH, TJ SCHOPPET, MJ HELLING, CS SHIRMOHAMMADI, A SCHREIBER, MM WING, RE TI TRANSPORT COMPARISON OF TECHNICAL GRADE AND STARCH-ENCAPSULATED ATRAZINE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE ID PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION; NO-TILLAGE; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; FIELD; VARIABILITY; MOVEMENT; NEBRASKA; WATER AB The feasibility of using starch-encapsulated atrazine to minimize convective transport under conditions favoring preferential flow was evaluated. Forty small, undisturbed, soil columns (45 cm2 x 3 cm) were removed from an established no-tillage management site and randomly grouped into one of five atrazine treatments: 1) technical grade; 2) borate process, starch-encapsulated; 3) jet-cooked, pearl starch-encapsulated; 4) jet-cooked, waxy starch-encapsulated; and 5) untreated control. Columns were drip-irrigated at the rate of 2.5 cm every three days. Highest atrazine levels, 1.30 mg L-1, were observed in the effluent from columns receiving technical-grade atrazine after the first irrigation (2.3 pore volumes), even though piston flow theory indicated that atrazine should not have appeared before 21.9 pore volumes. Computer simulations using the general convection-dispersion equation with first-order dissipation and linear adsorption also significantly underpredicted atrazine mobility. All encapsulated formulations, relative to technical-grade, revealed significantly lower initial atrazine levels in the effluent. Cumulative effluent concentrations indicate that after 16.1 pore volumes, 35, 10, 3, and < 1% of the available atrazine had been leached from the technical-grade, borate, pearl, and waxy starch formulations, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,POLYMER RES LAB,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP GISH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1738 EP 1744 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800045 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ ISENSEE, AR NASH, RG HELLING, CS AF GISH, TJ ISENSEE, AR NASH, RG HELLING, CS TI IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SHALLOW GROUNDWATER QUALITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACROPORE FLOW; WATER QUALITY; HERBICIDE; INSECTICIDE; TILLAGE ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; SOIL PROPERTIES; TRACE ORGANICS; NO-TILLAGE; ROOT ZONE; ATRAZINE; WATER; TRANSPORT; CYANAZINE; ALACHLOR AB A three-year field study was initiated in 1986 to determine the impact of tillage practice, mode of pesticide application, and pesticide formulation on chemical transport. The 1.28-ha field site was divided into four plots, two each devoted to no-till and conventional tillage management. Pesticide transport was evaluated by monitoring the rate of change in concentrations of pesticides in a shallow perched water table, located approximately 1 m below the soil surface. Pesticides monitored included atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine and carbofuran. All three herbicides were applied as a single broadcast spray: granular insecticide carbofuran was band-injected at planting. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GISH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1745 EP 1753 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800046 ER PT J AU VORIES, ED FRYREAR, DW AF VORIES, ED FRYREAR, DW TI VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF WIND-ERODED SOIL OVER A SMOOTH, BARE FIELD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WIND EROSION; DISTRIBUTION; MODELING ID SEDIMENT AB Collectors for sampling wind-eroded soil were installed in a fine sandy loam field in Big Spring, Texas, during early 1988. Samples were collected after each erosion event through April 1988. Functions to describe saltation and suspension were combined into one equation, and the wind-erosion data were used to determine a relationship to describe soil movement at heights from 5 to 200 cm. The equation appeared appropriate for samples within that height range. Integration of the equation for a storm on 16 March 1988 indicated that 243 kg of soil per 1 m width moved past one set of samplers between the heights of 5 and 200 cm. Of that, 80 kg/m moved in suspension and 163 kg/m in saltation. Different sampler technology will be required to experimentally extend the relationship below 5 cm. C1 USDA ARS,BIG SPRING,TX. RP VORIES, ED (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,KEISER,AR, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1763 EP 1768 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800048 ER PT J AU TEMPLE, DM AF TEMPLE, DM TI CHANGES IN VEGETAL FLOW RESISTANCE DURING LONG-DURATION FLOWS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHANNELS; GRASS-LINED; FLOW; RESISTANCE ID GRASS AB Data from large scale tests of flow over grass show that the influence of flow duration on vegetal flow retardance potential is small, provided that the vegetal elements are not destroyed or removed. Inundation times and/or hydraulic stresses sufficient to damage the vegetation were found to reduce flow retardance potential and thereby the overall flow resistance associated with a given discharge. The increase or decrease in flow resistance for times and stresses less than those required to directly damage the vegetation was found to depend on soil, cover, and flow conditions. RP TEMPLE, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1769 EP 1774 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800049 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO TI DENSITY-INDEPENDENT MOISTURE DETERMINATION IN WHEAT BY MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MOISTURE MEASUREMENT; MICROWAVE; WHEAT ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; GRAIN AB Moisture content of soft red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., has been expressed as a function of microwave attenuation and phase shift, measured at 9.0 GHz, independent of bulk density. The grain was held in 10.2-cm (4-in.) ID plastic tubing between two horn antennas of the measurement system. The calibration equation was verified with wheat of different variety and origin from the next year's crop. The average bias for the moisture content range from 10.7 to 20.4% was < 0.10% and the standard error of performance was 0.26% moisture content. RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1776 EP 1783 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800050 ER PT J AU CHANG, CS CONVERSE, HH STEELE, JL AF CHANG, CS CONVERSE, HH STEELE, JL TI FLOW-RATES OF GRAIN THROUGH VARIOUS SHAPES OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL ORIFICES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GRAIN; FLOW RATES; ORIFICES AB Flow rates of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans through horizontal and vertical orifices were measured. Orifice sizes ranged from 100 to 400 cm2 with each size consisting of six different shaped orifices. The observed relationships between volume flow rate per unit orifice area and orifice hydraulic diameter for both horizontal and vertical orifices were log-linear for all grains. Coefficients for an empirical equation to predict volume flow rate of grain through various sizes and shapes of horizontal and vertical openings were determined and presented. For the same hydraulic diameter, differences in flow rate per unit orifice area were significant among the six different orifice shapes, and the interaction of orifice shape and hydraulic diameter was also significant for all grain and for both vertical and horizontal orifices. Volume flow rate per unit orifice area increased as the orifice hydraulic diameter increased for all grains. Volume flow rate of grain through vertical orifices was about 37 to 50% of the flow rate through the same orifices placed horizontally. RP CHANG, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1789 EP 1796 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800052 ER PT J AU CHURCHILL, DB COOPER, DM BILSLAND, DM AF CHURCHILL, DB COOPER, DM BILSLAND, DM TI ROTATING TABLE FOR MEASURING SEED PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SEED CONDITIONING; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MACHINE VISION; ROTATING TABLE ID MACHINE VISION AB A circular rotating table was designed and built to move seed into the Machine Vision System (MVS) camera field of view. An algorithm was developed for controlling the rotation of the table and measuring the physical properties of each individual seed. The system allows unattended measurement of approximately 50 seeds at a time and simplifies the tedious process of placing, aligning, and centering each seed by hand into the camera field of view. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CHURCHILL, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NFSPRC,CORVALLIS,OR, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1842 EP 1846 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800058 ER PT J AU TOMASULA, PM KOZEMPEL, MF AF TOMASULA, PM KOZEMPEL, MF TI CONTINUOUS ONLINE CONTROL OF DEGREE OF COOK FOR POTATOES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FOOD PROCESSING; POTATOES ID KINETICS AB On-line computer control of degree of cook or texture force of mashed potatoes in the flake process is demonstrated with a recently developed electronic cookness tester and ricer (ECT). The computer program uses shear force measurements from the ricer to calculate degree of cook and compares it to a setpoint that represents optimally cooked potatoes. The dwell time of a steam cooker is then automatically adjusted based on the difference in these values and with the aid of a cooking model. Potatoes are cooked to the desired setpoint limits regardless of changes in upstream processing conditions. The ECT, in conjunction with this control system, eliminates the need for operator intervention in the production of mashed potato products. RP TOMASULA, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1846 EP 1849 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800059 ER PT J AU OBALDO, LG HARNER, JP CONVERSE, HH AF OBALDO, LG HARNER, JP CONVERSE, HH TI PREDICTION OF MOISTURE CHANGES IN STORED CORN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE STORAGE; MOISTURE; CORN ID DIFFUSION; GRAIN AB A finite-difference prediction model for moisture was developed based on Fick's law of diffusion. The model was validated with data from a 5.49-m diameter, corrugated steel bin filled with 58.46 metric tons of Dekalb 636/656 corn. Results indicated a satisfactory agreement between predicted and observed moisture data during periods of unventilated storage. The maximum observed moisture values were within 1.5 standard deviations of the mean predicted moisture values. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGR ENGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP OBALDO, LG (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1850 EP 1858 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800060 ER PT J AU SUDDUTH, KA HUMMEL, JW AF SUDDUTH, KA HUMMEL, JW TI EVALUATION OF REFLECTANCE METHODS FOR SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER SENSING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; COLOR; NEAR INFRARED; COLORIMETER; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION ID COLOR AB Multivariate calibration methods, including stepwise multiple linear regression, principal components regression, and partial least squares regression, were applied to soil color and spectral reflectance data to predict the organic matter content of Illinois soils. Data were obtained with a visible/near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer and a commercial colorimeter on a calibration set consisting of 30 Illinois mineral soils at 0.033 MPa and 1.5 MPa moisture tension levels. Good correlation with soil organic matter (r2 = 0.91, standard error of prediction = 0.34% organic matter) was obtained when using as few as 12 NIR reflectance data points in the range from 1720 to 2380 nm. Color coordinate and visible reflectance data provided considerably poorer predictions of soil organic matter content. C1 USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL. RP SUDDUTH, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO, USA. NR 27 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1900 EP 1909 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GX298 UT WOS:A1991GX29800066 ER PT J AU SCHOETTLE, AW SMITH, WK AF SCHOETTLE, AW SMITH, WK TI INTERRELATION BETWEEN SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS AND SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN THE CROWN OF PINUS-CONTORTA SSP-LATIFOLIA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In Pinus contorta Doug. ssp. latifolia (Engelm.), annual shoot length increment, annual foliage production per shoot, and the daily integral of photosynthetically active radiation (DPAR) at shoot tips increased with height in the crown, whereas leaf longevity decreased. There was a decrease in DPAR along the shoot from the tip to beyond the oldest leaves, and the value reached at the point just proximal to the oldest leaf cohort was the same for all shoots from all crown locations, regardless of the age of the oldest leaves. The results suggest that shoot elongation, leaf production and leaf retention are controlled by the light environment within the crown. Because high irradiance promotes leaf production and low irradiance promotes leaf shedding, foliage is not randomly distributed in the crown. RP SCHOETTLE, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GF224 UT WOS:A1991GF22400016 ER PT J AU RYAN, MG AF RYAN, MG TI A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING GROSS CARBON BUDGETS FOR VEGETATION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Gross carbon budgets for vegetation in forest ecosystems are difficult to construct because of problems in scaling flux measurements made on small samples over short periods of time and in determining belowground carbon allocation. Recently, empirical relationships have been developed to estimate total below ground carbon allocation from litterfall, and maintenance respiration from tissue nitrogen content. I outline a method for estimating gross carbon budgets using these empirical relationships together with data readily available from ecosystem studies (aboveground wood and canopy production, aboveground wood and canopy biomass, litterfall, and tissue nitrogen contents). Estimates generated with this method are compared with annual carbon fixation estimates from the Forest-BGC model for a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and a Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis Dougl.) chronosequence. RP RYAN, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 0 TC 161 Z9 173 U1 5 U2 17 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GF224 UT WOS:A1991GF22400017 ER PT J AU KAUFMANN, MR LANDSBERG, JJ AF KAUFMANN, MR LANDSBERG, JJ TI ADVANCING TOWARD CLOSED MODELS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS - PREFACE SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP KAUFMANN, MR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP R7 EP R7 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GF224 UT WOS:A1991GF22400001 ER PT J AU CLARK, A SOUTER, RA SCHLAEGEL, BE AF CLARK, A SOUTER, RA SCHLAEGEL, BE TI STEM PROFILE EQUATIONS FOR SOUTHERN TREE SPECIES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE TAPER FUNCTIONS; VOLUME EQUATIONS; DOB AND DIB EQUATIONS AB Form-class segmented-profile equations for 58 southern tree species and species groups are presented. The profile equations are based on taper data for 13,469 trees sampled in natural stands in many locations across the South. The profile equations predict diameter at any given height, height to given diameter, and volume between two heights. Equation coefficients for use in estimating diameters and volumes inside and outside bark are presented. D.b.h. and total height, d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top, d.b.h. and height to 9-inch top (hardwoods), and d.b.h. and height to 7-inch top (softwoods) are used as predictors. A measure of diameter at 17.3 feet is required also, and equations are presented for estimating d.o.b. and d.i.b. at 17.3 feet from d.b.h. and height. Equations for estimating d.i.b. at 4.5 and 17.3 feet from d.o.b. are given. RP CLARK, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU USDA FOR SERV SE FOR EXP STN PI ASHEVILLE PA 200 WEAVER BLVD, ASHEVILLE, NC 28804 SN 0748-1586 J9 USDA FOR SERV SE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Southeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 1991 IS SE-282 BP 1 EP 113 PG 113 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FX567 UT WOS:A1991FX56700001 ER PT J AU HICKMAN, CA DUNBAR, T AF HICKMAN, CA DUNBAR, T TI SUBCOUNTY TAX SHIFTING INDUCED BY CURRENT-USE PROPERTY-TAX ASSESSMENT IN EAST TEXAS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Texas established an optional program of current-use property tax assessment for agricultural land in 1966. In 1978, the program was expanded to include timberland which is heavily concentrated in the eastern part of the State. The 1978 policy change was, and remains, highly controversial. Previous research has documented the redistributional (i.e., tax-shifting) effects of the State's current-use assessment program for individual appraisal districts (i.e., counties) in east Texas, but analyses conducted using geopolitical units of this size may fail to detect significant tax shifts occurring within smaller taxing jurisdictions. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to: (1) evaluate the subcounty tax-shifting effects of current-use assessment in east Texas and (2) compare the subcounty tax shifts attributable to current-use assessment with those caused by the various tax exemptions authorized under State law. Based on data obtained from 42 school districts located throughout east Texas, the study results indicate that the state's policy of assessing certain rural lands on the basis of current-use value is having a substantial impact on the distribution of property tax burdens at the subcounty level. The exemptions authorized under State law are further complicating this problem. In 1987, a total of $20,317,134 in additional taxes was shifted onto ineligible and nonparticipating properties in the sampled districts. This amount represents 23.3 percent of the aggregate tax levy of these districts for that year. The largest proportion of the shift, 47.6 percent, is due to the use valuation of nontimberlands. The use valuation of timberlands and the authorized tax exemptions account for 24.1 and 28.3 percent of the shift, respectively. Tax shifting at the school district level is more serious than previously reported for appraisal districts in the same area but the difference is not statistically significant at alpha = .05. RP HICKMAN, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 1991 IS 266 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GB049 UT WOS:A1991GB04900001 ER PT J AU WHISENANT, SG WAGSTAFF, FJ AF WHISENANT, SG WAGSTAFF, FJ TI SUCCESSIONAL TRAJECTORIES OF A GRAZED SALT DESERT SHRUBLAND SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article DE SHEEP GRAZING; ORDINATION ID ORDINATION METHODS AB Successional trajectories through the statistical space of ordinations were used to examine response to grazing in salt desert shrub communities of western Utah, USA. Relative cover data were periodically collected over a 53 year period from grazing exclosures and pastures grazed with light or heavy stocking rates in fall or spring (4 grazing treatments). Two-way indicator species analysis was used to select the 98 most similar plots (24 m2) from among 358 plots in 1935. Foliar cover of 23 species on those 98 plots was followed at irregular intervals over 53 years, resulting in 709 plot-time samples. Successional trajectories were developed for each grazing treatment with ordinations from detrended correspondence analysis. Grazing season had a more pronounced influence on floristic trajectories than did grazing intensity. These ordinations suggest grazing season was an important factor regulating response to grazing and identify annual March-April grazing as an important cause of retrogression in the salt desert shrub ecosystem. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606. RP WHISENANT, SG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT RANGE SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JUL PY 1991 VL 94 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1007/BF00032627 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA GE287 UT WOS:A1991GE28700005 ER PT J AU CHUNG, KS LILLEHOJ, HS JENKINS, MC AF CHUNG, KS LILLEHOJ, HS JENKINS, MC TI AVIAN LEUKOCYTE COMMON ANTIGENS - MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETERMINATION AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING NEW MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL PROLIFERATION; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; SURFACE MOLECULES; CHICKEN; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; T200; IDENTIFICATION AB New leucocyte common antigens expressed on all the normal chicken leucocytes have been characterized using two monoclonal antibodies designated as K-11 and K-55. These monoclonal antibodies stained virtually 100% of the leucocytes derived from various lymphoid organs including the spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, caecal tonsil and peripheral blood, as well as a monocytic cell line (MC29), a B cell line (LSCC-RP9), and a T cell line (CU 12). However, they did not stain mature erythrocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, or chicken embryonic fibroblasts. The two monoclonal antibodies showed different staining patterns and detected non-overlapping epitopes on MC29 cells in two color immunofluorescence analysis. Western blot analysis under non-reducing conditions showed that the monoclonal antibody K-11 recognized three splenic leucocyte proteins with molecular weights of 92, 42 and 41 kDa, whereas the monoclonal antibody K-55 recognized two proteins with molecular weights of 97 and 42 kDa. The data indicate that the monoclonal antibodies K-11 and K-55 recognize novel leucocyte-common antigens which have lower molecular weights than the previously reported leucocyte-common antigen family. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90119-W PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA GA582 UT WOS:A1991GA58200006 PM 1719691 ER PT J AU CHUNG, KS HYUN, SL AF CHUNG, KS HYUN, SL TI DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES RECOGNIZING CHICKEN LYMPHOCYTES WITH NATURAL-KILLER-CELL ACTIVITY SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FC-RECEPTOR FUNCTIONS; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; EFFECTOR-CELLS; ANTIGEN; MEMBRANE; DISEASE; B73.1 AB We have developed two monoclonal antibodies which detect cell surface antigens present on chicken lymphocytes mediating natural killer (NK) cell activity against the avian tumor cell target. The monoclonal antibodies, K-14 and K-108, stained 17 and 6% of splenic lymphocytes, and 11 and 14% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), respectively, and fewer than 5% of thymic and bursal lymphocytes. Neither of these monoclonal antibodies stained adherent macrophages or the MC29-virus transformed monocytic cell line. Both monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited NK cell activity in a standard 4 h Cr-51-release cytotoxicity assay using the LSCC-RP9 tumor cell line as target cells at an effector to target ratio of 50:1. Pretreatment of splenocytes with either monoclonal antibody in the presence of rabbit complement (C) resulted in a significant reduction in NK cell activity. However, the monoclonal antibody K-1 which detects normal chicken macrophages did not interfere with NK cell activity. The monoclonal antibody K-108 significantly blocked Fc receptor-mediated rosette formation of sheep red blood cells coated with IgG antibodies (EA) by 56% while the monoclonal antibody K-14 did not show a significant blocking. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies K-108 and K-14 identify different epitopes present on the surface of chicken splenic lymphocytes which mediate spontaneous NK cytotoxicity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90126-W PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA GA582 UT WOS:A1991GA58200013 PM 1659030 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF GALLAGHER, JE AF ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF GALLAGHER, JE TI COLONIZATION OF THE PHARYNGEAL TONSIL AND RESPIRATORY-TRACT OF THE GNOTOBIOTIC PIG BY A TOXIGENIC STRAIN OF PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA TYPE-D SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATROPHIC RHINITIS; ADHERENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-SUIS; SWINE; TONSILLITIS ID BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; ATROPHIC RHINITIS; TURBINATE ATROPHY; TOXIN; SWINE; LESIONS AB Seven-day-old gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated intranasally with Pasteurella multocida and euthanatized 2, 5, 9, and 14 days after inoculation. Tissues from the oropharynx and respiratory tract of pigs were cultured quantitatively and analyzed microscopically. Pigs remained afebrile and alert, except one that died of acute fibrinopurulent pneumonia. Pasteurella multocida was isolated in greatest numbers from the pharyngeal tonsils, but only in low numbers from turbinate, trachea, lung, spleen, and liver. Significant histologic changes were limited to the tonsil. Infected pigs developed mild tonsillitis with lymphocytic hyperplasia, and accumulation of cell debris and bacteria in crypts. Capsular antigens of P. multocida, identified on tissue sections with rabbit anti-capsular polysaccharide antibody and immunocytochemical reagents, were confined to the crypt lumen. Ultrastructurally, bacteria were free within crypt material or within phagosomes of macrophages or neutrophils. In a second experiment, 5-day-old pigs were infected with Streptococcus suis type 2, followed by toxigenic Pasteurella multocida at 7 days of age; one pig died of streptococcal septicemia. Pigs developed a mild tonsillitis, and both bacteria were cultured from the tonsillar crypts for up to 14 days after infection. These studies show that a toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida, which is a causative agent of atrophic rhinitis, can colonize the tonsil and respiratory tract of gnotobiotic pigs for up to 14 days. In addition, colonization can occur concurrently with Streptococcus suis type 2. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 28 IS 4 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FV772 UT WOS:A1991FV77200002 PM 1949505 ER PT J AU MCCLINTOCK, JT GUZO, D GUTHRIE, KP DOUGHERTY, EM AF MCCLINTOCK, JT GUZO, D GUTHRIE, KP DOUGHERTY, EM TI DNA-BINDING PROTEINS OF BACULOVIRUS-INFECTED CELLS DURING PERMISSIVE AND SEMIPERMISSIVE REPLICATION SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BACULOVIRUS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; PERMISSIVE; SEMIPERMISSIVE ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; TRANSLATION; ANTIBODIES; REGIONS; CULTURE; INVITRO; GENOME AB Certain insect cell lines have been shown to be permissive (TN-368) or semipermissive (IPLB-LD-652Y) for Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) replication (McClintock et al., 1986b). In this report DNA-binding proteins were identified in such cell:virus systems by hybridizing Western blots containing uninfected and infected cell proteins with AcMNPV or host DNA probes. In the AcMNPV-infected TN-368 permissive cell system, 8 virus-induced DNA-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 67.5K to 18.75K were observed under the highest conditions of stringency. When these DNA-binding proteins were compared to structural proteins of AcMNPV, several appeared to be similar to those observed in SDS-PAGE protein profiles of nonoccluded virus (NOV) and occlusion body (PIBs) preparations. Using an AcMNPV occlusion negative mutant (L1GP-gal3) and an anti-AcMNPV-polyhedrin monoclonal antibody, a major DNA-binding protein (33.0K), observed in the permissive system, corresponded to polyhedrin and to a comigrating virus-induced DNA-binding protein. In the AcMNPV-infected IPLB-LD-652Y semipermissive cell system, no virus-induced DNA-binding proteins were detected. However, several host DNA-binding proteins were present but their ability to bind DNA decreased significantly following infection. C1 USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MCCLINTOCK, JT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAM,HED,SACB,MAIL CODE H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90105-5 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA GC026 UT WOS:A1991GC02600003 PM 1950170 ER PT J AU RIBAUDO, MO PIPER, SL AF RIBAUDO, MO PIPER, SL TI ESTIMATING CHANGES IN RECREATIONAL FISHING PARTICIPATION FROM NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY POLICIES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION FUNCTION; WILDLIFE RECREATION; BENEFITS AB The complete evaluation of the offsite effects of national policies or programs that affect levels of agricultural nonpoint source pollution requires linking extensive water quality changes to changes in recreational activity. A sequential decision model is specified to describe an individual's decisions about fishing. A participation model for recreational fishing that includes a water quality index reflecting regional water quality is developed and estimated as a logit model with national level data. A visitation model for those who decide to fish that also includes the water quality index is estimated using ordinary least squares. The water quality index is found to be significant in the participation model but not in the visitation model. Together, the two models provide a means of estimating how changes in water quality might influence the number of recreation days devoted to fishing. The model is used to estimate changes in fishing participation for the Conservation Reserve Program. C1 US BUR RECLAMAT,DENVER,CO 80225. RP RIBAUDO, MO (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,ROOM 438,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1757 EP 1763 DI 10.1029/91WR00798 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FV777 UT WOS:A1991FV77700035 ER PT J AU VIGER, PR EBERLEIN, CV FUERST, EP GRONWALD, JW AF VIGER, PR EBERLEIN, CV FUERST, EP GRONWALD, JW TI EFFECTS OF CGA-154281 AND TEMPERATURE ON METOLACHLOR ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM, GLUTATHIONE CONTENT, AND GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN CORN (ZEA-MAYS) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANTIDOTE; SAFENER; PROTECTANT ID HERBICIDE ANTIDOTES; GRAIN-SORGHUM; INDUCTION; CGA-92194; BICOLOR; R-25788; INJURY; SHOOTS AB CGA-154281 and temperature effects on metolachlor absorption and metabolism were studied in corn seedlings grown in untreated soil or soil treated with metolachlor, CGA-154281, or both. Seedlings were grown under a cool (21/13 C, 16-h day) or warm (30/21 C, 16-h day) temperature regime and exposed to C-14-metolachlor for 10 min at either 21 or 30 C. Corn grown under the cool temperature regime absorbed slightly more C-14-metolachlor than corn grown under the warm temperature regime. Corn held at 21 C during a 10-min C-14-metolachlor exposure period metabolized metolachlor more slowly than corn held at 30 C. Decreased corn tolerance to metolachlor observed at lower temperatures may be due in part to slower metolachlor metabolism. Corn grown in the presence of metolachlor plus CGA-154281 metabolized C-14-metolachlor to the glutathione conjugate twice as fast as corn grown in the presence of metolachlor alone. The increase in metabolism rate was due to a fivefold increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) activity and not to an increase in glutathione (GSH) content. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that CGA-154281 protects corn from metolachlor injury by enhancing GST activity, which accelerates metolachlor detoxification via GSH conjugation. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP VIGER, PR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 324 EP 328 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600002 ER PT J AU BECKETT, TH STOLLER, EW AF BECKETT, TH STOLLER, EW TI EFFECTS OF METHYLAMMONIUM AND UREA AMMONIUM-NITRATE ON FOLIAR UPTAKE OF THIFENSULFURON IN VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMMONIUM; CALCIUM; FERTILIZERS; SPRAY ADDITIVES ID TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; CHLORSULFURON; METABOLISM AB Effects of ammonium and methylammonium on foliar uptake of C-14-thifensulfuron, in the presence of 0.2% nonionic surfactant by vol, into velvetleaf were investigated. Total C-14 uptake into velvetleaf 24 h after treatment was only 15% without addition of nitrogen, but addition of 0.32 M NH4Cl, urea ammonium nitrate, or CH3NH2.HCl increased total C-14 uptake to 31, 38, or 59%, respectively. Total C-14 uptake 24 h after treatment was increased 3- and 4-fold by addition of 0.08 and 0.16 M CH3NH2.HCl, respectively, but was not increased further by greater CH3NH2.HCl concentrations. Although the increase in C-14 uptake was followed by an increase in total C-14 translocated, the relative amount of C-14 translocated (expressed as a percentage of total C-14 uptake) was not affected by nitrogen additives. Enhancement of uptake of C-14-thifensulfuron by CH3NH2.HCl was partially reversed by addition of 0.16 M CaCl2 to the application solution. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600004 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO PAUL, RN BECERRIL, JM SCHMIDT, JH AF DUKE, SO PAUL, RN BECERRIL, JM SCHMIDT, JH TI CLOMAZONE CAUSES ACCUMULATION OF SESQUITERPENOIDS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; DIMETHAZONE; FMC-57020; GOSSYPOL; HERBICIDE; HEMIGOSSYPOL; TERPENOID ID L PRIMARY LEAVES; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; DIMETHAZONE; HERBICIDES; METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS; FMC-57020; TENTOXIN; PIGMENT AB The herbicide clomazone caused ultrastructural damage to etioplasts of cotton cotyledons. Etioplast envelopes were irregular, prothylakoids were absent or irregular, stroma density was low, and there were abnormal stromal vesicles. Further damage occurred upon exposure to light. Clomazone greatly slowed the conversion of chlorophyllide to chlorophyll in cotton, suggesting that phytol synthesis was affected. Neither synthesis of protochlorophyllide nor phototransformation of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide was affected by clomazone. Clomazone completely inhibited carotenoid synthesis without an accumulation of phytoene. However, the sesquiterpenoids hemigossypol and the dimeric sesquiterpenoid gossypol accumulated in greater amounts in clomazone-treated than in control tissues. These results indicate that this herbicide inhibits synthesis of terpenoids after the formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600005 ER PT J AU KWON, SL SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE AF KWON, SL SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE TI INTERFERENCE DURATIONS OF RED RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) IN RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED COMPETITION; WEED DURATION; WEED INTERFERENCE; ORYSA ID SIGNALGRASS BRACHIARIA-PLATYPHYLLA; COMPETITION AB Red rice at 20 plants m-2 was grown with two rice cultivars for 0, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 days after emergence. Red rice interference for 120 days after rice emergence reduced straw dry weights of Lemont and Newbonnet 58 and 34%, respectively. Grain yield of Lemont and Newbonnet was reduced 86 and 52%, respectively, by red rice interference for 120 days after emergence. Regression analyses indicated that red rice interference reduced straw dry weights of Newbonnet and Lemont 25 and 50 kg ha-1 day-1, respectively, for interference durations of 40 to 120 days after emergence. Grain yield of Newbonnet and Lemont was reduced 60 and 93 kg ha-1 day-1, respectively, for interference durations of 60 to 120 days. Negative linear relationships occurred between interference durations of red rice and plant height, panicles m-2, spikelets panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, or panicle length of both cultivars. However, all parameters were reduced more for Lemont than for Newbonnet as interference duration increased. Head rice (whole kernels) and total milled rice yields of both cultivars were reduced by season-long red rice interference. Red rice straw dry weight and number of culms m-2 were greater when red rice was grown with Lemont than when grown with Newbonnet. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,ALTHEIMER LAB,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600009 ER PT J AU KEELEY, PE THULLEN, RJ AF KEELEY, PE THULLEN, RJ TI GROWTH AND INTERACTION OF BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI) WITH COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COTTON YIELD; WEED SEED PRODUCTION; COTTON GRADES; WEED FREE PERIODS; WEED COMPETITION; ECHCG ID JOHNSONGRASS SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; AMARANTH AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; NIGHTSHADE SOLANUM-NIGRUM; PLANTING DATE; IPOMOEA-HEDERACEA; COMPETITION; SEED AB Several weed-free and barnyardgrass competition periods were established and maintained in cotton in field plots to evaluate their influence on cotton yield and seed production of barnyardgrass. When barnyardgrass was sprayed with fluazifop 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks after cotton emergence, only plots sprayed at 3 weeks yielded as much cotton as plots kept weed free. Barnyardgrass permitted to compete for 6, 9, 12, and 25 weeks reduced cotton yields an average of 21, 59, 90, and 97%, respectively. When barnyardgrass was seeded into weed-free plots at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after cotton emergence, a weed-free period of 9 weeks was required to prevent significant cotton yield reduction. Cotton in plots weed free for 3 and 6 weeks yielded an average of 13 and 87% as much seed cotton, respectively, as weed-free controls. Barnyardgrass produced 15 to 85% as many seeds as weedy check plots in plots weed free for less than 9 weeks and in plots where control was delayed for 9 and 12 weeks. Cotton grades were reduced because of grass in plots weed free for 3 and 6 weeks, and in plots where barnyardgrass competed for 9 and 12 weeks. RP KEELEY, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 369 EP 375 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600010 ER PT J AU HORAK, MJ WAX, LM AF HORAK, MJ WAX, LM TI GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF BIGROOT MORNINGGLORY (IPOMOEA-PANDURATA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SCARIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; STRATIFICATION; PH; MOISTURE STRESS; EMERGENCE SEQUENCE ID TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE AB Studies were undertaken to determine effects of scarification, temperature, stratification, pH, and osmotic potential on seed germination; to determine the effect of planting depth on emergence; to describe the emergence sequence; and to quantify seedling development of bigroot morningglory. Mechanical and chemical scarification caused increased germination but cool, moist stratification did not break dormancy. Optimum germination occurred at 20 and 25 C and with alternating temperatures of 20/10 and 30/20 C. The optimum pH range for germination was between 6 and 8.5. Increasing the solution osmotic potential decreased germination linearly from 90% at -0.08 MPa to 0% at -0.8 MPa. Plant establishment was best at 2 to 4 cm and decreased at greater seeding depths. Seedling emergence was observed and recorded and found not to fit the classical models of hypogeal or epigeal emergence. Only 3% of 5-day-old seedlings sprouted after being clipped to the root crown. When seedlings were 11 days old at clipping, over 85% of the plants sprouted. These results indicate that bigroot morningglory has the potential to successfully reproduce by seed and that the rapid development of the plant should be considered when designing control programs. RP HORAK, MJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 390 EP 396 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600013 ER PT J AU WIENHOLD, BJ GISH, TJ AF WIENHOLD, BJ GISH, TJ TI ENZYMATIC PRETREATMENT FOR EXTRACTION OF STARCH ENCAPSULATED PESTICIDES FROM SOILS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALACHLOR; AMYLASE; ATRAZINE; WATER QUALITY ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; TRIFLURALIN; PERSISTENCE; GREENHOUSE; CYANAZINE; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; EFFICACY AB An enzymatic (amylase) pretreatment was developed that allows quantitative recovery of the parent compound from soil samples receiving the pesticide in starch-encapsulated formulation. The pretreatment involves adding amylase, dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution, to soil samples and incubating the resulting slurry at 50 C for 1 h. Efficiency of this pretreatment was tested on two soils, a silty clay and a loamy sand, receiving atrazine and alachlor in the starch-encapsulated formulation. The inexpensive method adds approximately 1 h to the extraction procedure and a twofold increase in percentage recovery of starch-encapsulated atrazine. The enzyme pretreatment is not necessary for quantitative recovery of pesticides that have rapid rates of release such as alachlor. The method will be useful for studying starch encapsulation pesticide behavior in the soil environment. RP WIENHOLD, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600019 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW AF GRONWALD, JW TI LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA : HERBICIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION CY FEB 07, 1990 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE FATTY ACID; CARBAMOTHIOATE; CHLOROACETAMIDE; SUBSTITUTED PYRIDAZINONE; CYCLOHEXANEDIONE; ARYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE; ELONGASE; DESATURASE; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE ID ACETYL-COA-CARBOXYLASE; COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; CORN ZEA-MAYS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; LEEK EPIDERMAL-CELLS; DICLOFOP-METHYL; SUBSTITUTED PYRIDAZINONE; THIOCARBAMATE HERBICIDES AB Five classes of herbicides (carbamothioates, chloroacetamides, substituted pyridazinones, cyclohexanediones, and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acids) have been reported to inhibit lipid biosynthesis in higher plants. Carbamothioates impair the synthesis of surface lipids (waxes, cutin, suberin). These effects have been attributed to the ability of this herbicide class to inhibit one or more acyl-CoA elongases. Though as yet poorly characterized, these enzymes are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyze the condensation of malonyl-CoA with fatty acid acyl-CoA substrates to form very long-chain fatty acids used in the synthesis of surface lipids. There is contradictory evidence regarding the effects of chloroacetamide herbicides on de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Selected substituted pyridazinones decrease the degree of unsaturation of plastidic galactolipids. This effect is attributed to the ability of selected members of this herbicide class to inhibit fatty acid desaturases which are thought to be located in the chloroplast envelope. Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid and cyclohexanedione herbicides inhibit de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in grasses. The target site for these herbicide classes is the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase which is found in the stroma of plastids. In most cases, selectivity between grasses and dicots is expressed at this site. Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acids and cyclohexanediones are reversible, linear, noncompetitive inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from grasses. Both classes are also mutually exclusive inhibitors of grass acetyl-CoA carboxylase which suggests that they bind at a common domain on the enzyme. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GRONWALD, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 159 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 435 EP 449 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600022 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, KC LEHNEN, LP AF VAUGHN, KC LEHNEN, LP TI MITOTIC DISRUPTER HERBICIDES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA : HERBICIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION CY FEB 07, 1990 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE CHROMOSOMES; MICROTUBULES; MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTERS ID MICROTUBULE POLYMERIZATION INVITRO; DINITROANILINE-RESISTANT ELEUSINE; PLANT-CELLS; MITOSIS; ORYZALIN; TRIFLURALIN; INHIBITION; SERIES; ROOTS; DCPA AB Approximately one-quarter of all herbicides that have been marketed affect mitosis as a primary mechanism of action. All of these herbicides appear to interact directly or indirectly with the microtubule. Dinitroaniline and phosphoric amide herbicides inhibit microtubule polymerization from free tubulin subunits. Because of the loss of spindle and kinetochore microtubules, chromosomes cannot move to the poles during mitosis, resulting in cells exhibiting an arrested prometaphase configuration. Nuclear membranes re-form around the chromosomal masses to form lobed nuclei. Cortical microtubules, which influence cell shape, are also absent, and, as a result, the cell expands isodiametrically. In root tips and other structures that are normally elongated, these herbicides induce a characteristic club-shaped swelling. Pronamide and MON 7200 induce similar effects, except that tufts of microtubules remain at the kinetochore region of the chromosomes. The carbamate herbicides barban, propham, and chlorpropham alter the organization of the spindle microtubules so that mutiple spindles are formed. Chromosomes move to many poles and multiple nuclei result. Abnormal branched cell walls partly separate the nuclei. Terbutol induces "star anaphase" chromosome configurations in which the chromosomes are drawn into an area at the poles in a star-like aggregation. DCPA's most dramatic effect is on phragmoplast microtubule arrays. Multiple, branched, and curved phragmoplasts are found after herbicide treatment. These disrupters should prove to be useful tools in investigations of the proteins and structures required for a successful cell division. C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,PLANT CELL BIOL RES GRP,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. RP VAUGHN, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 33 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600023 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO LYDON, J BECERRIL, JM SHERMAN, TD LEHNEN, LP MATSUMOTO, H AF DUKE, SO LYDON, J BECERRIL, JM SHERMAN, TD LEHNEN, LP MATSUMOTO, H TI PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA : HERBICIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION CY FEB 07, 1990 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE ACIFLUORFEN; CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHESIS; OXADIAZON; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; PHOTOBLEACHING HERBICIDES; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; PROTOPORPHYRIN-IX ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; NONCHLOROPHYLLOUS SOYBEAN CELLS; CYCLIC IMIDE HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOTODYNAMIC HERBICIDES; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS AB Several commercial and experimental herbicides such as p-nitrodiphenyl ethers, oxadiazoles, and cyclic imides inhibit protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox), the enzyme that converts protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX (Proto). This leads to uncontrolled autooxidation of the substrate and results in accumulation of Proto. Blockage of the porphyrin pathway at this site inhibits synthesis of both chlorophylls and heme. Heme is a feedback regulator of the porphyrin pathway. Thus, inhibition of Protox also deregulates the pathway, causing increased carbon flow to the accumulating pool of Proto. Proto is a potent photosensitizer that generates high levels of singlet oxygen in the presence of molecular oxygen and light. In plants treated with these herbicides, damage is light dependent and closely correlated with the level of Proto that accumulates. Proto accumulation is apparently largely extraplastidic, resulting in rapid photodynamic damage to the plasmalemma and tonoplast. After high levels of Proto accumulate in response to these herbicides, protochlorophyllide (PChlide) levels can increase also; however, Proto appears to be the primary photodynamic pigment responsible for the herbicidal activity. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 68 TC 130 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600025 ER PT J AU SMEDA, RJ WELLER, SC AF SMEDA, RJ WELLER, SC TI PLANT-CELL AND TISSUE-CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INVITRO CULTURE; RESISTANCE; HERBICIDE; METABOLISM; UPTAKE; SELECTION ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDE-RESISTANT MUTANTS; NICOTIANA-TABACUM-L; SUSPENSION CULTURES; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; GENE AMPLIFICATION; TOBACCO CELLS; 5-ENOLPYRUVYLSHIKIMATE-3-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MONOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS AB Tissue and cell culture offer weed scientists many opportunities to research herbicide effects on plants. This review will discuss examples in which plant cells grown in vitro have been used to study herbicide action. Plant cell and tissue culture have many advantages over the use of whole plants; however, several disadvantages that exist are discussed. Cell cultures can be established for most plant species and provide a relatively homogenous system for studying herbicide action. Responses of plant cells to herbicides are usually correlated with responses at the whole plant level, and cells have the advantage of posing fewer physical barriers to herbicide uptake and translocation. Cell culture techniques discussed include: screening candidate herbicide compounds; investigating herbicide efficacy, mechanism of action, metabolism, and uptake; and ascertaining mechanisms of herbicide resistance, selecting for resistance, and regenerating crops. RP USDA ARS, S WEED SCI LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600030 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO DUKE, MV SHERMAN, TD NANDIHALLI, UB AF DUKE, SO DUKE, MV SHERMAN, TD NANDIHALLI, UB TI SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC METHODS IN WEED SCIENCE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA : HERBICIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION CY FEB 07, 1990 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE ACIFLUORFEN; CHLOROPHYLL; CYTOCHROME-F; GREENING; HERBICIDES; P515; PHYTOCHROME; PORPHYRINS; PROTOPORPHYRIN-IX; SHIBATA SHIFT ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; MUNG BEAN SEEDLINGS; L PRIMARY LEAVES; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; ACIFLUORFEN; TENTOXIN; ACCUMULATION; LOCALIZATION; CHLOROPHYLL AB The utility, advantages, and disadvantages of several spectrofluorometric and in vivo spectrophotometric methods in plant science are reviewed, with emphasis on their use in weed science. Examples of the use of in vivo, dual-wavelength spectrophotometry to probe the effects of herbicides on cytochrome f oxidation/reduction, the P515 chromatic shift, phytochrome synthesis, and other processes are discussed. Use of in vivo spectrophotometry to examine effects of herbicides on phytylation of chlorophyllide, protochlorophyllide photoconversion, porphyrin accumulation, and other processes that result in spectral changes is discussed and examples are provided. Spectrofluorometric methods for pigment identification and quantification and for enzyme assays are illustrated with examples. Spectrofluorometric methods used in conjunction with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) are discussed. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 505 EP 513 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600031 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, TD VAUGHN, KC AF SHERMAN, TD VAUGHN, KC TI IMMUNOLOGY IN WEED SCIENCE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA : HERBICIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION CY FEB 07, 1990 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE HERBICIDE; IMMUNOBLOTTING; IMMUNOGOLD; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY ID LOCALIZATION; PROTEINS AB Many problems in weed science may be solved by utilizing immunochemical techniques, although these techniques are currently underutilized by weed scientists. In this review, we describe some of the methods of greatest use to weed scientists. Antibodies may be raised against proteins, such as the targets of herbicide action or against the herbicide itself which can be linked to a larger molecule so that antibodies are elicited. Once specific antibodies are obtained, several techniques may be performed utilizing the binding phenomena of antibody-antigen interactions. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy are utilized to obtain tissue and subcellular distributions of the protein or herbicide of interest. Quantitation of either protein or herbicide in a given sample may be performed by ELISA or "slot" and "dot" blotting. These protocols are less costly, more sensitive, and much less labor-intensive than most analytical methods. Molecular mass or charge alterations may be determined by electrophoresis and subsequent immunoblotting. With the increased exposure to immunological techniques by weed scientists and their potential utility, we predict that many more weed science problems will be addressed using these protocols. RP SHERMAN, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 514 EP 520 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GM386 UT WOS:A1991GM38600032 ER PT J AU BOVEY, RW STERMER, RA BOUSE, LF AF BOVEY, RW STERMER, RA BOUSE, LF TI SPRAY DEPOSITION OF CLOPYRALID ON HONEY MESQUITE (PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPRAY DROPLET SIZE; SPRAY SOLUTION; APPLICATION RATE; ADJUVANT; SURFACTANT AB Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of clopyralid formulation, spray droplet size, and spray volume on deposit of clopyralid on green-house-grown honey mesquite. The addition of surfactant WK at 0.5% (v/v) of the spray solution caused a twofold increase in deposition of spray of the monoethanolamine salt (MEA) of clopyralid but not the oleylamine salt (OLA). There were no differences in spray deposit between spray droplet size spectrums of 160 or 330-mu-m D(v.5) or spray solution applications of 47 or 187 L ha-1. Dye and gas chromatography measurements of spray deposit of clopyralid compared favorably except where surfactant WK was used with the OLA formulation. RP BOVEY, RW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,DEP RANGE SCI & AGR ENGN,S CROPS RES LAB,PEST MANAGE RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 499 EP 503 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GQ022 UT WOS:A1991GQ02200005 ER PT J AU CONN, JS DECK, RE AF CONN, JS DECK, RE TI BLUEJOINT REEDGRASS (CALAMAGROSTIS-CANADENSIS) CONTROL WITH GLYPHOSATE AND ADDITIVES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TIME OF APPLICATION; ADJUVANTS; AMMONIUM SULFATE; NONIONIC SURFACTANT AB Optimal rates and time of application of glyphosate for control of the native perennial bluejoint reedgrass [Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt.] were determined from 1986 to 1989 near Delta Junction, AK. Applications were made 2 wk apart from late May or early June to September. Glyphosate did not provide control before June 15 or after September 1. Bluejoint reedgrass was controlled best when glyphosate was applied from late July to mid-August. Ammonium sulfate (2.2 kg ha-1) or nonionic surfactant (0.5% v/v) increased control except on the earliest and latest application dates. Control was consistently better with 1.1 than 0.6 kg ha-1 (ai) of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate. RP CONN, JS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA,ARS,SUBARCT AGR RES UNIT,309 ONEILL BLDG,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GQ022 UT WOS:A1991GQ02200009 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MC SMITH, BJ LOPEZ, R AF WILLIAMS, MC SMITH, BJ LOPEZ, R TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN, SODIUM, AND POTASSIUM ON NITRATE AND OXALATE CONCENTRATION IN KIKUYUGRASS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FERTILIZER; KCL; KNO3; NACL; POISONOUS PLANT; UREA AB Kikuyugrass was analyzed for nitrate (expressed as KNO3) and soluble oxalate concentration after it was grown for 8 wk in nutrient solution supplemented with KCl, NaCl, or NH4NO3; fertilized in the greenhouse with urea and KNO3 at 112 kg N ha-1; and fertilized in the field in Hawaii and Panama with urea at 56 and 112 kg N ha-1. Both treated and untreated kikuyugrass grown in nutrient solution contained toxic levels of nitrates and soluble oxalates. Plants treated with urea in the greenhouse contained 0.4% nitrate (nontoxic) 72 h after treatment whereas those treated with KNO3 contained 2.36% nitrate (highly toxic). Fertilization of kikuyugrass with urea in Panama and Hawaii did not significantly affect soluble oxalate concentration, but nitrate concentration increased to potentially lethal levels (over 1.5% as KNO3, dry wt) in plants from Hawaii. RP WILLIAMS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 553 EP 556 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GQ022 UT WOS:A1991GQ02200014 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL AF ANDERSON, RL TI TIMING OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AFFECTS DOWNY BROME (BROMUS-TECTORUM) GROWTH IN WINTER-WHEAT SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE YIELD COMPONENTS; PRECIPITATION EFFECT; COMMUNITY YIELD; BROTE AB Field studies were conducted to determine if varying the time N fertilizer was applied would affect downy brome interference in winter wheat. Five treatments were compared: four broadcast application times of NH4NO3 at 56 kg N ha-1 during the fallow-crop cycle: 1) during fallow; 2) at planting; 3) during crop dormancy; 4) before winter wheat jointing; and 5) a control where no N was applied. Downy brome was least responsive to N applied during fallow. All N applications during the growing season of winter wheat increased downy brome biomass and culms m-2. Downy brome interference prevented winter wheat from responding positively to N. For example, when crop season precipitation was only 70% of normal, applying N reduced grain yield of winter wheat infested with downy brome from 12 to 28%. This study indicates that N manipulation offers potential for reducing downy brome interference in winter wheat. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AKON,CO 80720, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 582 EP 585 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GQ022 UT WOS:A1991GQ02200020 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JH AF DAWSON, JH TI TECHNICAL WRITING COMPARED WITH OTHER WRITING SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP DAWSON, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 695 EP 695 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GQ022 UT WOS:A1991GQ02200039 ER PT J AU SACHS, IB BLANCHETTE, RA CEASE, KR LEATHAM, GF AF SACHS, IB BLANCHETTE, RA CEASE, KR LEATHAM, GF TI EFFECT OF WOOD PARTICLE-SIZE ON FUNGAL GROWTH IN A MODEL BIOMECHANICAL PULPING PROCESS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MICROSCOPY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BIOPULPING; BIOMECHANICAL PULPING; MECHANICAL PULP; WOOD PARTICLE SIZE ID ASPEN CHIPS; CELL-WALLS; STRENGTH; LIGNIN AB The pretreatment of aspen wood chips with white-rot fungus has been evaluated as a way of making biomechanical pulp. Our study addressed (1) whether wood particle size (chip size) affects the growth pattern of the attacking organism, and (2) whether the difference in particle size between chips and coarse pulp is related to the availability of wood polymers to the fungus. We qualitatively evaluated the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 on aspen wood using standard industrial 6- and 19-mm chips and coarse refiner mechanical pulp. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a slight increase in the number of hyphae in the 19-mm chips compared to that in the 6-mm chips, but no major morphological differences in cellulose or lignin loss. Dense aerial hyphal growth occurred around the chips, but not around the coarse pulp. The fungus appeared to attack the coarse pulp from both outside and within the fiber wall. Hyphae within both the middle lamella and the cell lumina attacked the cell walls. The fungus eroded the chip cell walls and their constituents primarily from the wood cell lumen outward. After only 3 weeks of fungal treatment, both chips and coarse pulp showed marked localized cell-wall thinning and fragmentation as well as generalized swelling and relaxing of the normally rigid cell-wall structure. We conclude that particle size has only a minor effect on fungal growth on wood under conditions such as those likely to be used in a commercial biopulping process. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SACHS, IB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 363 EP 375 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FX244 UT WOS:A1991FX24400006 ER PT J AU GERHARDS, CC AF GERHARDS, CC TI BENDING CREEP AND LOAD DURATION OF DOUGLAS-FIR 2 BY 4S UNDER CONSTANT LOAD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BENDING CREEP; RELATIVE CREEP; CREEP MODELING; DEFLECTION; WOOD BEAMS; LUMBER GRADE; CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS; WOOD ENGINEERING; LOAD DURATION; DESIGN CRITERIA ID BEHAVIOR; LUMBER; TEMPERATURE; CHIPBOARD AB Douglas-fir 2 by 4 beams of different grades were tested under various constant-load levels in a controlled environment to evaluate load duration and creep behavior. A two-parameter equation was used to model relative creep of wood beams free of partial fracture. Both parameters M and N of this equation vary considerably between specimens but can be highly correlated with each other, depending on the time base used to determine N. Stress level was partially correlated with M and N together, but with neither parameter alone. Additional matched beams were tested at near design loads in an unheated building to determine the effect of an uncontrolled environment on load duration and creep. Based on load duration results for the controlled environment already reported, load durations do not appear to have been shortened by the uncontrolled environment, although relative creep was considerably increased. The most important result of this study, which has implications for the safety of wood structures, is that more beams failed when loaded at near design stress than are commonly assumed would fail. This result, coupled with results from a previous study, suggests that Douglas-fir bending allowable properties should reflect greater load duration reduction factors or shorter load durations. This research is important to structural engineers and to code groups responsible for the safe design of wood structures when establishing new design criteria for load duration and deflection limits. RP GERHARDS, CC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 384 EP 409 PG 26 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FX244 UT WOS:A1991FX24400008 ER PT J AU GREEN, DW KRETSCHMANN, DE AF GREEN, DW KRETSCHMANN, DE TI LUMBER PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARDS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MODULUS OF RUPTURE; MODULUS OF ELASTICITY; ULTIMATE TENSILE STRESS; ULTIMATE COMPRESSION STRESS; COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION AB Data from the In-Grade Testing Program for visually graded dimension lumber are used to identify lumber property relationships for engineering design standards. The properties studied are modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), ultimate tensile stress parallel to grain (UTS), and ultimate compression stress parallel to grain (UCS). The relationships identified between UCS and either MOR or UTS vary little with species, lumber grade, and lumber width. The data show a closer relationship between UCS and MOR than between UTS and MOR. The historical basis for assigning allowable properties to machine stress-rated (MSR) lumber is reviewed. The UCS-MOR and UTS-MOR relationships presented in the paper are shown to be consistent with historical data obtained with visually graded lumber but different from relationships currently assumed for MSR lumber. The effects of species, moisture content, test span, lumber width, and presence or absence of pith on strength property relationships are discussed. Strength property relationships are shown to be a result of inherent growth characteristics of the lumber. Finally, a procedure is provided for estimating coefficient of variation as a function of grade that may be useful in reliability-based engineering design standards. RP GREEN, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 436 EP 456 PG 21 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FX244 UT WOS:A1991FX24400011 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD JOHNSON, DA AF RUMBAUGH, MD JOHNSON, DA TI FIELD ACETYLENE-REDUCTION RATES OF LUPINUS-ARGENTEUS ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGY; ECOPHYSIOLOGY; LEGUME; NITROGEN FIXATION; NODULATION; RANGELAND; RHIZOBIUM-LUPINI AB The effects of elevation and environmental parameters associated with elevation on the dinitrogen fixation rates, N2[C2H2], of a North American lupine species were evaluated. Lupinus argenteus Pursh plants growing at five elevations on Francis Peak, Utah, were sampled weekly throughout the growing season. The highest elevation site had the greatest frequency of nodulated plants. Influence of the environmental and physiological variables on fixation activity varied with elevation and the mean time of sampling. Soil moisture, nodule dry weight, and air temperature were important. Less than one-half of the observed variation in fixation rates, N2[C2H2], was accounted for by variation in the associated independent variables. Nevertheless this study documented that nodulated plants of L. argenteus were capable of actively fixing nitrogen at a range of elevations on Francis Peak. RP RUMBAUGH, MD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,UTAH AGR EXPT STN,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JUN 30 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GA419 UT WOS:A1991GA41900007 ER PT J AU HANNAN, RM HILL, HH AF HANNAN, RM HILL, HH TI ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS IN AGING SEED USING CAPILLARY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; LIPOXYGENASE AB Because of separation or detection problems associated with non-volatility and the non-chromophoric nature of lipids, capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (cSFC) was chosen over gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of seed lipids. cSFC and flame ionization detection (FID) enabled more complete and accurate analysis of lipids extracted from onion seed. Replicated chromatography of triglyceride standards showed that retention times and quantitative chromatographic response was very reproducible. Analysis of cSFC-FID chromatograms of artificially aged and fresh onion seed lipids showed that significant changes occur in the lipid component of seed during aging. As the seed aged, there was a relative decrease of some of the larger molecular weight fractions and of the peak identified as vitamin E, tocopherol, while an increase was found in free palmitic and linoleic acids. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP HANNAN, RM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,59 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 28 PY 1991 VL 547 IS 1-2 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88662-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FV963 UT WOS:A1991FV96300039 ER PT J AU WYATT, CR GOFF, W DAVIS, WC AF WYATT, CR GOFF, W DAVIS, WC TI A FLOW CYTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ASSESSING VIABILITY OF INTRAERYTHROCYTIC HEMOPARASITES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PROTOZOAN HEMOPARASITE; VIABILITY ASSAY; FLOW CYTOMETRY ID MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; BABESIA-BOVIS INFECTION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; EFFECTOR-CELLS; QUANTIFICATION; CULTURES; INVITRO; GROWTH; BLOOD AB We have developed a rapid, reliable method of evaluating growth and viability of intraerythrocytic protozoan hemoparasites. The assay involves the selective uptake and metabolic conversion of hydroethidine to ethidium by live parasites present in intact erythrocytes. The red fluorescence imparted by ethidium intercalated into the DNA of the parasite permits the use of flow cytometry to distinguish infected erythrocytes with viable parasites from uninfected erythrocytes and erythrocytes containing dead parasites. Comparison of the fluorochromasia technique of enumerating the number and viability of hemoparasites in cultured erythrocytes with enumeration in Giemsa-stained films and uptake of [H-3]hypoxanthine demonstrated the fluorochromasia technique yields comparable results. Studies with the hemoparasite, Babesia bovis, have shown the fluorochromasia technique can also be used to monitor the effect of parasiticidal drugs on parasites in vitro. The cumulative studies with the fluorochromasia assay suggest the assay will also prove useful in investigations focused on analysis of the immune response to hemoparasites and growth in vitro. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP WYATT, CR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,404 BUSTAD HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 15 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUN 24 PY 1991 VL 140 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90122-V PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA FT829 UT WOS:A1991FT82900003 PM 2061611 ER PT J AU KLEIN, PD GRAHAM, DY GAILLOUR, A OPEKUN, AR SMITH, EO AF KLEIN, PD GRAHAM, DY GAILLOUR, A OPEKUN, AR SMITH, EO TI WATER SOURCE AS RISK FACTOR FOR HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION IN PERUVIAN CHILDREN SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRITIS; DISEASE AB Helicobacter pylori infection is widespread among Peruvian adults by the age of 30, but the age at which children become infected, the prevalence of disease, and the role of socioeconomic status in the epidemiology of infection are not known. We used the C-13-urea breath test to study the prevalence of infection in 407 Peruvian children from Lima, aged 2 months to 12 years, from families of low and high socioeconomic status. Peruvian children acquire H pylori early in life and the number of infected individuals increases rapidly with age; overall prevalence was 48%. H pylori infection was independent of sex, but was highly correlated with socioeconomic status; prevalence of infection was higher among children from low-income families than among those from high-income families (56% vs 32%, p = 0.001). Children whose homes had external water sources were three times more likely to be infected than were those whose homes had internal water sources. Among families with internal water sources, there was no difference in H pylori infection associated with income. Children from high-income families whose homes were supplied with municipal water were 12 times more likely to be infected than were those from high-income families whose water supply came from community wells. The findings show that the prevalence of H pylori infection is high among young Peruvian children and that the municipal water supply seems to be an important source of infection among Lima children from families of both low and high socioeconomic status. C1 AB PRISMA,LIMA,PERU. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET ADM MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77211. RP KLEIN, PD (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39048, DK 28129, DK 35369] NR 16 TC 421 Z9 446 U1 1 U2 10 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 22 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8756 BP 1503 EP 1506 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93196-G PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FT116 UT WOS:A1991FT11600003 PM 1675369 ER PT J AU KATONA, IM URBAN, JF KANG, SS PAUL, WE FINKELMAN, FD AF KATONA, IM URBAN, JF KANG, SS PAUL, WE FINKELMAN, FD TI IL-4 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GENERATION OF SECONDARY INVIVO IGE RESPONSES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; MURINE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; B-CELLS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MAST-CELLS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB IL-4 has been shown to induce B lymphocytes to switch from the expression of membrane IgM to the expression of membrane IgE and to be required for the generation of primary polyclonal and secondary Ag-specific IgE responses in mice. To further define the role of IL-4 in the generation of memory IgE responses, we investigated the ability of a combination of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-4R mAb to block the generation of secondary IgE responses induced by: l) a second infection with the nematode parasites Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus; or 2) injection of anti-IgD antibody-primed mice with anti-IgE antibody. The latter stimulus was designed to induce intrinsic membrane IgE-expressing B cells to differentiate into IgE-secreting cells. Although the IgE responses induced by a second nematode infection were completely inhibited by the combination of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-4R mAb, anti-IgE antibody-induced IgE responses in anti-IgD primed mice were not inhibited by these antibodies to a large degree. Additional experiments demonstrated that the anti-IgE antibody-induced memory IgE response was dependent on CD4+ T cells but did not involve the low affinity B cell Fc-epsilon-RII. Taken together, these observations provide evidence that IL-4 is required for virgin B lymphocytes to develop into IgE-expressing cells, but is not required for B cells that express intrinsic membrane IgE to differentiate into IgE-secreting cells in a T-dependent response. Furthermore, these data suggest that secondary IgE responses in the parasite models that we have studied develop from B cells that had not previously switched to the expression of IgE. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HERBERT SCH MED,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIAID,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP KATONA, IM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HERBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26150, R01 AI21328] NR 40 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 15 PY 1991 VL 146 IS 12 BP 4215 EP 4221 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FQ773 UT WOS:A1991FQ77300023 PM 1674956 ER PT J AU EBEL, ED HORNBAKER, RH BANE, DP AF EBEL, ED HORNBAKER, RH BANE, DP TI DIRECT COSTS OF PSEUDORABIES IN A POPULATION OF INFECTED FARROW-TO-FINISH SWINE HERDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR ECON,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801. RP EBEL, ED (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 12 BP 2070 EP 2075 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FQ932 UT WOS:A1991FQ93200019 PM 1885308 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, RD AF HATFIELD, RD TI ALFALFA-STEM PECTINS - ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BUFFER-SOLUBLE FRACTION SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDES AB Carbohydrate material solubilized from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem cell walls with hot 10mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) was fractionated into neutral and acidic components by anion-exchange chromatography. Glycosyl-composition and glycosyl-linkage analysis indicated that the neutral fraction contained arabinogalactan type I and that the major acidic fraction was composed of rhamnogalacturonans. The rhamnogalacturonans were resistant to depolymerization by endo-(1 --> 4)-alpha-D-galacturonanase. Saponification of the rhamnogalacturonans followed by acidification to pH 5 gave a precipitate and a soluble fraction. The precipitate after resolubilization was extensively depolymerized by endo-(1 --> 4)-alpha-D-galacturonanase. Rhamnogalacturonans in the soluble fraction, which contained a high proportion of neutral sugar residues, were only partially depolymerized by endo-(1 --> 4)-alpha-D-galacturonanase. Products separated by gel filtration were shown by glycosyl-composition analysis to be composed of different proportions of neutral sugar residues and galactosyluronic residues. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HATFIELD, RD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUN 10 PY 1991 VL 212 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84054-I PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FY051 UT WOS:A1991FY05100015 ER PT J AU EBEWELE, RO MYERS, GE RIVER, BH KOUTSKY, JA AF EBEWELE, RO MYERS, GE RIVER, BH KOUTSKY, JA TI POLYAMINE-MODIFIED UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS .1. SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ADHESIVE BOND FORMATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLEBOARD; PERFORMANCE; DURABILITY; BOARD; FILMS; RATIO AB The objective of this study was to improve the durability and stability of urea-formaldehyde-bonded wood products by decreasing the internal stress developed during resin cure and by improving the ability of the cured resin to withstand cyclic stresses. This paper presents initial results from modifying a urea-formaldehyde resin by incorporating di- and trifunctional amines. The amines were incorporated by adding them as amines during resin synthesis, by adding urea-capped amines during resin synthesis, and by using amine hydrochlorides as acidic curing agents. Addition of amines during resin synthesis produced uncurable resins. However, modification with urea-capped amines or curing with amine hydrochlorides provided cure rates comparable to that of unmodified resin cured with ammonium chloride. These modifications also reduced the tendency of the resin to crack and fracture and substantially improved the resistance of bonded joints to cyclic stress imposed by cyclic wet-dry exposures. Resins cured with amine hydrochlorides had lower formaldehyde liberation than those cured with ammonium chloride. Thus, incorporation of flexible di-and triamines offers promise for improving the durability and stability of urea-formaldehyde-bonded wood products. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MYERS, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2997 EP 3012 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070421118 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA FL781 UT WOS:A1991FL78100018 ER PT J AU HAGSTROM, N BOVILL, E SOLL, R DAVIDSON, K SADOWSKI, J AF HAGSTROM, N BOVILL, E SOLL, R DAVIDSON, K SADOWSKI, J TI VITAMIN-K1 SUPPLEMENTATION IN WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE - PHARMACOKINETICS AND PLASMA-LIPID FRACTION DISTRIBUTION IN IM VS PO AND EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM SUPPLEMENTATION ON HEMOSTASIS SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT PATHOL,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN 5 PY 1991 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1220 EP 1220 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA FZ966 UT WOS:A1991FZ96601894 ER PT J AU WANJURA, DF UPCHURCH, DR AF WANJURA, DF UPCHURCH, DR TI INFRARED THERMOMETER CALIBRATION AND VIEWING METHOD EFFECTS ON CANOPY TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENT SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT AB Infrared thermometers (IRT) are convenient devices for measuring the temperature of crop canopies. The effects of calibration and viewing method on measured canopy temperature were evaluated under field conditions. Eighteen IRT were calibrated to measure relative temperature (target temperature minus IRT detector temperature) over a relative temperature range of +/- 20-degrees-C. A linear equation with individual coefficients for each IRT estimated the relative temperature more closely than the manufacturer's single fifth-order polynomial calibration equation. Differences in relative temperature between the field and manufacturer calibrations indicated that individual calibration of IRT was required for accuracies of 2.0-degrees-C or better. Periodic recalibration of individual IRT was also necessary to maintain the same levels of accuracy. Canopy temperatures measured by scanning vs. fixed-position viewing with IRT were significantly different only under partly cloudy conditions. Canopy temperatures on the south side of east-west rows were higher than those on the north side (paired t-test, alpha = 0.90). RP WANJURA, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90068-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FW954 UT WOS:A1991FW95400008 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, DC TURNER, WA MCARTHUR, ED GRAHAM, JH AF FREEMAN, DC TURNER, WA MCARTHUR, ED GRAHAM, JH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A NARROW HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN 2 SUBSPECIES OF BIG SAGEBRUSH (ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, ASTERACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MONOTERPENOID CONTENT; MULE DEER; ACCESSIONS; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; GROWTH; GARDEN; PHLOX AB Hybridization between Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata and A. t. ssp. vaseyana occurs in a narrow elevational zone along the west face and canyons of the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. Two sites in central Utah (Orem and Salt Creek) were examined. The parental taxa differ in anatomy, morphology, flavonoid and coumarin content, as well as various growth parameters. Hybrids are intermediate for the majority of traits examined, including flavonoid and coumarin composition. Multivariate statistics show that these taxa can be unambiguously identified using simple field measures of morphology. A hybrid index was constructed using principal component analyses on morphological variables. C1 US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. BERRY COLL,DEPT BIOL,MT BERRY,GA 30149. RP FREEMAN, DC (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 78 IS 6 BP 805 EP 815 DI 10.2307/2445072 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FR850 UT WOS:A1991FR85000009 ER PT J AU DERSTINE, KS TUCKER, SC AF DERSTINE, KS TUCKER, SC TI ORGAN INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFLORESCENCES AND FLOWERS OF ACACIA BAILEYANA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID FLORAL ONTOGENY; STAMEN AB Inflorescence and floral ontogeny are described in the mimosoid Acacia baileyana F. Muell., using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The panicle includes first-order and second-order inflorescences. The first-order inflorescence meristem produces first-order bracts in acropetal order; these bracts each subtend a second-order inflorescence meristem, commonly called a head. Each second-order inflorescence meristem initiates an acropetally sequential series of second-order bracts. After all bracts are formed, their subtended floral meristems are initiated synchronously. The sepals and petals of the radially symmetrical flowers are arranged in alternating pentamerous whorls. There are 30-40 stamens and a unicarpellate gynoecium. In most flowers, the sepals are intiated helically, with the first-formed sepal varying in position. Petal primordia are initiated simultaneously, alternate to the sepals. Three to five individual stamen primordia are initiated in each of five alternipetalous sectorial clusters. Additional stamen primordia are initiated between adjacent clusters, followed by other stamens initiated basipetally as well as centripetally. The apical configuration shifts from a tunica-corpus cellular arrangement before organogenesis to a mantle-core arrangement at sepal initiation. All floral organs are initiated by periclinal divisions of the subsurface mantle cells. The receptacle expands radially by numerous anticlinal divisions in the mantle at the summit, concurrently with proliferation of stamen primordia. The carpel primordium develops in terminal position by conversion of the floral apex. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 78 IS 6 BP 816 EP 832 DI 10.2307/2445073 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FR850 UT WOS:A1991FR85000010 ER PT J AU GENEST, JJ MCNAMARA, JR SALEM, DN SCHAEFER, EJ AF GENEST, JJ MCNAMARA, JR SALEM, DN SCHAEFER, EJ TI PREVALENCE OF RISK-FACTORS IN MEN WITH PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA; MORTALITY; PREVENTION; TRIAL AB The prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol greater-than-or-equal-to 160 mg/dl and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol < 35 mg/dl) was determined in 321 men < 60 years of age (mean +/- standard deviation 50 +/- 7) with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) documented at coronary angiography. The prevalence of these risk factors was markedly different than in the Framingham Offspring Study population, used here as a comparison group. In the patients with CAD, only 3% had no risk factor (other than male sex), compared with 31% in the Framingham Offspring Study subjects. Most patients with CAD (97%) had greater-than-or-equal-to 1 additional risk factor. When the patients with CAD were divided by age groups (40 to 49 years [n = 109], 50 to 59 [n = 191]), no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of risk factors between the young and older patients. The prevalence of systemic hypertension (41 vs 19%, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (12 vs 1.1%, p < 0.001), cigarette smoking (67 vs 28%, p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol < 35 mg/dl (63 vs 19%, p < 0.001) was markedly higher in the patients with CAD than in Framingham Offspring Study subjects, whereas the prevalence of LDL cholesterol greater-than-or-equal-to 160 mg/dl was not significantly different between patients with CAD and Framingham Offspring Study subjects (26 vs 26%). The use of beta-adrenergic blockers was associated with a decreased prevalence of elevated LDL cholesterol and an increased prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, compared with patients not receiving this class of medication. When applying the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program to patients with established CAD, only 52% had total cholesterol levels greater-than-or-equal-to 200 mg/dl and thus nearly half (48%) would not undergo further screening for lipoprotein abnormalities. In the group of patients with a total cholesterol < 200 mg/dl, 75% had a low HDL cholesterol (< 35 mg/dl). It is recommended that in men with established CAD, and in those with greater-than-or-equal-to 1 additional risk factor, fasting triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels be determined in addition to total cholesterol. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOL,BOSTON,MA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 35243] NR 30 TC 197 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 15 BP 1185 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90924-A PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA FN811 UT WOS:A1991FN81100005 PM 2035438 ER PT J AU KEHAYIAS, JJ HEYMSFIELD, SB LOMONTE, AF WANG, J PIERSON, RN AF KEHAYIAS, JJ HEYMSFIELD, SB LOMONTE, AF WANG, J PIERSON, RN TI INVIVO DETERMINATION OF BODY-FAT BY MEASURING TOTAL-BODY CARBON SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; FAT; TOTAL BODY CARBON; NEUTRON INELASTIC SCATTERING; NEUTRON ACTIVATION ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; DUAL-PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; MASS; NITROGEN AB Total body carbon (TBC) is measured in vivo by neutron inelastic scattering. The fast neutrons needed for the irradiation are produced by a miniature deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator. Body fat and protein are the main contributors to TBC. Bone ash and carbohydrates contribute < 3%. Fat is calculated from TBC after the subtraction of the carbon contributions from protein, bone, and glycogen. The technique was applied to 14 normal volunteers (8 females, 6 males) aged 24-94 y who underwent neutron inelastic scattering and neutron activation measurements for body carbon, nitrogen, and calcium. The initial results agree with other techniques. Unlike models that evaluate body fat by subtracting lean body mass from body weight, the TBC technique is not sensitive to assumptions on the composition of lean body; therefore, it is appropriate for studies of adults of any age and health condition. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP CTR,OBES RES CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10032. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP CTR,OBES RES CTR,DEPT RADIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. RP KEHAYIAS, JJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37352, DK26687, DK41000-01] NR 24 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1339 EP 1344 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FN399 UT WOS:A1991FN39900002 PM 2035460 ER PT J AU CRAVO, ML MASON, JB SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH AF CRAVO, ML MASON, JB SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH TI USE OF THE DEOXYURIDINE SUPPRESSION TEST TO EVALUATE LOCALIZED FOLATE-DEFICIENCY IN RAT COLONIC EPITHELIUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FOLATE; FOLIC ACID; DEOXYURIDINE SUPPRESSION TEST; FOLATE DEFICIENCY; LOCALIZED FOLATE DEFICIENCY; RAT COLONOCYTES; METHOTREXATE; 5-FLUOROURACIL ID INVITRO DNA-SYNTHESIS; FOLIC-ACID; BONE-MARROW; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE; VITAMIN-B12; LYMPHOCYTES; 5-FLUORO-2'-DEOXYURIDYLATE; IMPROVEMENT; METAPLASIA; THYMIDINE AB In this study the deoxyuridine suppression test (dUST) was performed on isolated rat colonocytes to establish its value as an indicator of folate status in the colonic epithelium. [H-3]thymidine incorporation into DNA was suppressed > 90% by deoxyuridine (dU) concentrations > 2.5-mu-mol/L. Preincubation of cells with 5-fluorouracil (1-100-mu-mol/L) but not methotrexate (10-100-mu-mol/L) resulted in a significant decrease in the degree of suppression. The dUST performed on colonocytes from folate-deficient animals displayed less suppression than on colonocytes from folate-replete animals (P < 0.05). The abnormal degree of suppression was corrected by adding 100 mu-mol folinic acid/L. There was a negative correlation between the degree of suppression and the folate concentration of the colonic epithelium (P < 0.001). These data indicate that the dUST is useful for detecting folate deficiency in the colonic epithelium and may therefore be valuable in assessing a deficiency state localized to that epithelium. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VIT BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Cravo, Marilia/0000-0001-8309-4599 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1450 EP 1454 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FN399 UT WOS:A1991FN39900018 PM 2035472 ER PT J AU KNOX, TA KASSARJIAN, Z DAWSONHUGHES, B GOLNER, BB DALLAL, GE ARORA, S RUSSELL, RM AF KNOX, TA KASSARJIAN, Z DAWSONHUGHES, B GOLNER, BB DALLAL, GE ARORA, S RUSSELL, RM TI CALCIUM-ABSORPTION IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS ON HIGH-FIBER AND LOW-FIBER DIETS - EFFECT OF GASTRIC-ACIDITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ACHLORHYDRIA; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; GASTRIC PH; CALCIUM ABSORPTION; WHOLE-BODY COUNTER; FIBER ID ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; PHYTIC ACID; SECRETION; AGE; PH; METABOLISM; BINDING; PHYTATE; HUMANS; BRAN AB In vitro studies suggest that the effect of fiber in inhibiting calcium absorption is pH dependent. In nine normal, elderly control subjects and eight elderly subjects with achlorhydria, Ca47 was ingested with three test meals: a low-fiber meal (0.5 g dietary fiber), a high-fiber meal (10.5 g), and a high-fiber meal with 120 mL of 0.1 mol HC/L. In control subjects calcium retention, measured in a whole-body counter, was 25.7 +/- 4.0% (xBAR +/- SD) with the low-fiber meal, 19.1 +/- 1.9% with the high-fiber meal (P < 0.002 vs low fiber), and 18.9 +/- 3.3% with the high-fiber-plus-acid meal (P < 0.002 vs low fiber, NS vs high fiber). Calcium absorption in achlorhydric subjects was not different from control subjects: 26.2 +/- 8.0% with low fiber, 19.6 +/- 4.1% with high fiber (P < 0.04 vs low fiber), and 21.0 +/- 5.8% with high fiber plus acid (P < 0.04 vs low fiber, NS vs high fiber). We conclude that, in humans, the reduction in calcium absorption with high fiber intake is unaffected by gastric pH. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP KNOX, TA (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DIV GASTROENTEROL,BOX 103,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07024-13] NR 30 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1486 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FN399 UT WOS:A1991FN39900024 PM 1852094 ER PT J AU CASEY, VA DWYER, JT BERKEY, CS COLEMAN, KA GARDNER, J VALADIAN, I AF CASEY, VA DWYER, JT BERKEY, CS COLEMAN, KA GARDNER, J VALADIAN, I TI LONG-TERM-MEMORY OF BODY-WEIGHT AND PAST WEIGHT SATISFACTION - A LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BODY WEIGHT; RECALL; WEIGHT SATISFACTION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY ID SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; BREAST-CANCER RISK; RELATIVE WEIGHT; CORONARY-DISEASE; ADULT OBESITY; MASS INDEX; HEIGHT; WOMEN; CHILDHOOD; MORTALITY AB Recalled body weight and self-reported current weight were validated in a longitudinal study population by comparing recalls at 50 y to actual measures taken at ages 18, 30, 40, and 50 y. Recalled body weights were also compared with reported desired weights at these same ages. Self-reported weights at 50 y were equally accurate for both males and females; the mean reporting underestimate was -1.98 kg for males and -1.86 kg for females. Males' self reports at age 50 y were influenced by years of education (P < 0.005) and current body size (P < 0.0001) whereas females' were not. Correlations between recall of past weights and measured weights ranged from r = 0.87 at 18 y to 0.95 at 40 y. Recalls of past body weight were not significantly influenced by the passage of time, the number of years of education, or the accuracy of current weight reports. Current body size (wt/ht2) was significantly associated with life-time weight dissatisfaction in both sexes (P < 0.0005). C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. HARVARD UNIV,SCH DENT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CASEY, VA (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOX 783,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA35939]; NCRR NIH HHS [NSS2-S07-RR179-09]; PHS HHS [MCJ9120] NR 53 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1493 EP 1498 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FN399 UT WOS:A1991FN39900026 PM 2035478 ER PT J AU CANNON, JG MEYDANI, SN FIELDING, RA FIATARONE, MA MEYDANI, M FARHANGMEHR, M ORENCOLE, SF BLUMBERG, JB EVANS, WJ AF CANNON, JG MEYDANI, SN FIELDING, RA FIATARONE, MA MEYDANI, M FARHANGMEHR, M ORENCOLE, SF BLUMBERG, JB EVANS, WJ TI ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE IN EXERCISE .2. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN VITAMIN-E, CYTOKINES, AND MUSCLE PROTEOLYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERLEUKIN-1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; 3-METHYLHISTIDINE ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INTERLEUKIN-1; PLASMA; FEVER; LEUKOCYTES; ACTIVATION; MONOCYTES; ENDOTOXIN; RELEASE AB Cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mediate a variety of host responses to trauma and infection, including skeletal muscle proteolysis. This investigation assesses the influence of damaging eccentric exercise on in vitro production and plasma concentrations of cytokines and their relationship to muscle protein breakdown. In a double-blind placebo-controlled protocol, 21 male subjects took vitamin E supplements (800 IU/day) for 48 days, then ran downhill on an inclined treadmill. Twenty-four hours after this single session of eccentric exercise, endotoxin-induced secretion of IL-1-beta was augmented 154% (P < 0.01) in cells obtained from the placebo subjects, but no significant exercise-related changes were observed in cells from the vitamin E-supplemented subjects. TNF-alpha-secretion was also significantly increased 24 h after exercise, but the response was not inhibited by vitamin E. In contrast, IL-6 secretion did not change after exercise, but dietary vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced IL-6 secretion throughout the 12-day period of observation (P = 0.023). Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion correlated with mononuclear cell secretion of both IL-1-beta (P < 0.05) and prostaglandin E2 (P < 0.05), supporting the concept that these mononuclear cell products contribute to the regulation of muscle proteolysis. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR IMMUNOL & TOXICOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP CANNON, JG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 34 TC 233 Z9 238 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 260 IS 6 BP R1235 EP R1240 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA FU845 UT WOS:A1991FU84500066 ER PT J AU FIOROTTO, ML BURRIN, DG PEREZ, M REEDS, PJ AF FIOROTTO, ML BURRIN, DG PEREZ, M REEDS, PJ TI INTAKE AND USE OF MILK NUTRIENTS BY RAT PUPS SUCKLED IN SMALL, MEDIUM, OR LARGE LITTERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; MILK COMPOSITION; EVAPORATIVE WATER LOSSES; ENERGY BALANCE; PROTEIN BALANCE ID SIZE; LACTATION; PROTEIN; YOUNG; FAT; DEPRIVATION; NORVEGICUS; BEHAVIOR; LACTOSE; YIELD AB We investigated the extent to which the altered weight gain of rat pups suckled in litters of varying sizes (4, 10, and 16 pups/litter) is attributable to differences in milk nutrient intake. Milk intake was estimated from the rate of dilution over 2 days of a dose of (H2O)-H-3 administered at 4, 8, and 14 days of age after correction for the water and milk carbon deposited in body tissues over the measurement period. Protein and energy intakes were estimated from the volume of milk consumed by individual pups and the composition of milk from each dam. Significant effects of litter size on milk fat and protein concentration were observed. Weight gain was highly correlated with energy intake in pups suckled in litters of 4 and 10 but not 16. These findings were attributed to a higher energy expenditure of pups < 10 days old suckled in litters of 16; specifically these pups had higher maintenance energy needs than pups suckled in litters of 4 and 10 and a higher energy cost of tissue synthesis. The latter was ascribed to an ability of immature pups to maximize the efficiency of protein utilization, thereby blunting the deleterious effects of a reduced nutrient intake on protein deposition. RP FIOROTTO, ML (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, 110 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 32 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 260 IS 6 BP R1104 EP R1113 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA FU845 UT WOS:A1991FU84500049 ER PT J AU WOOD, RL ROSE, R COE, NE FERRIS, KE AF WOOD, RL ROSE, R COE, NE FERRIS, KE TI EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF PERSISTENT INFECTION IN SWINE WITH A ZOONOTIC STRAIN OF SALMONELLA-NEWPORT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MESENTERIC LYMPH-NODES; VIRULENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TYPHIMURIUM; CALIFORNIA; SLAUGHTER; PLASMIDS; SOWS AB An experiment was conducted to determine whether a persistent Salmonella newport infection could be established in swine, to determine duration of shedding and distribution of the organism in internal organs, and to determine whether changes occurred in antimicrobial susceptibility or plasmid profile of the organism during the course of long-term infection. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 22) were orally exposed to a multiply antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic strain of S newport when they were 7 weeks old. Tonsillar and rectal swab specimens were examined bacteriologically for S newport during the first week after exposure, then weekly for 7 weeks. Fecal samples were likewise examined weekly or every 2 weeks for 28 weeks after exposure. Necropsies of 2 or 3 randomly selected pigs were conducted at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. A total of 45 specimens/pig representing the following internal organs or tissues were examined bacteriologically for S newport: liver, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, heart, heart blood, lung, stomach, and tonsils; segments of the intestinal tract with corresponding lymph nodes; and lymph nodes from lymphocenters of the head and neck, thoracic cavity, thoracic limbs, abdominal viscera, and abdominal wall. Exposure to S newport induced a mild and transient clinical response. The organism was recovered from 97% of tonsillar swab specimens and 89% of rectal swab specimens collected during 7 weeks after exposure and from 98% of fecal samples collected during 28 weeks after exposure. At necropsy, S newport was recovered most frequently from tonsils (86.4%), followed by segments of the intestinal tract from ileum to rectum (81.8% recovery from cecal contents), and from mandibular (68.2%), jejunal (50%), and ileocolic (45.5%) lymph nodes. Sporadic recoveries of the organism were made from other lymph nodes and from gallbladder, stomach, kidney, spleen, liver, and heart, varying from 2 to 20 weeks after exposure. The cranial portion of jejunum, medial iliac lymph nodes, dorsal superficial cervical lymph node, and heart blood of all pigs were culture-negative. Of 26 representative isolates of S newport recovered from body organs or feces during 28 weeks after exposure, 4 (15.4%) underwent changes in antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Changes in plasmid profile of the organism were not detected during long-term infection of swine. C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 6 BP 813 EP 819 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FN212 UT WOS:A1991FN21200004 PM 1883084 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, LM LEVINGS, RL DAVIS, AJ STURTZ, DR AF HENDERSON, LM LEVINGS, RL DAVIS, AJ STURTZ, DR TI RECOMBINATION OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS-VACCINE STRAINS IN SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-RECOMBINATION; INFECTED-CELLS; LATENCY; INVIVO; REACTIVATION; REPLICATION; PIGS AB We report here genetic recombination between 2 USDA-licensed vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus co-inoculated into swine. The vaccine strains, one of which was a conventionally attenuated strain and the other, a genetically engineered deleted strain containing a negative immunologic marker, had complementary genomes. Coinoculation resulted in the creation of novel strains of pseudorabies virus containing negative immunologic markers with restored virulences genes. Plaque-purified recombinant progeny viruses were found in 2 litters of pigs in which both strains were co-inoculated IM, a litter in which both strains were co-inoculated oronasally, and a litter in which the conventionally attenuated strain was inoculated oronasally and the genetically engineered strain was inoculated IM. Recombinant phenotypes and recombinant restriction fragment patterns were observed. The creation, spread, and potential misdiagnosis of these types of recombinant strains could disrupt control and eradication programs that are based on the serologic identification of swine infected with potentially virulent strains of pseudorabies virus. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP HENDERSON, LM (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,SCI & TECHNOL SERV,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 6 BP 820 EP 825 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FN212 UT WOS:A1991FN21200005 PM 1652903 ER PT J AU ZIPRIN, RL ELISSALDE, MH HINTON, A BEIER, RC SPATES, GE CORRIER, DE BENOIT, TG DELOACH, JR AF ZIPRIN, RL ELISSALDE, MH HINTON, A BEIER, RC SPATES, GE CORRIER, DE BENOIT, TG DELOACH, JR TI COLONIZATION CONTROL OF LACTOSE-FERMENTING SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN YOUNG BROILER-CHICKENS BY USE OF DIETARY LACTOSE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; RESISTANCE; PLASMIDS; INHIBITION; REDUCTION; INFECTION; BRITAIN; TURKEYS; MANNOSE AB Inclusion of lactose in the diets of chickens has been determined to reduce cecal colonization with Salmonella typhimurium. We hypothesized, therefore, that dietary lactose may be a practical means for reducing the prevalence of Salmonella contamination of chicken products. Because some strains of Salmonella are atypical and ferment lactose, we investigated the effects of dietary lactose on cecal colonization with lactose-fermenting S typhimurium. Broiler chicks were inoculated intracloacally with Lac+ S typhimurium selected for resistance to novobiocin and rifampicin. The chicks also were inoculated orally with certain anaerobes that do not effectively inhibit colonization by S typhimurium, but do appear essential for lactose mediated inhibition of cecal colonization. Control chicks were not given dietary lactose, and chicks in the experimental group were fed a diet containing 7% lactose. Enumeration of Lac+ S typhimurium in cecal contents revealed dietary lactose to be effective at controlling this organism. Control was correlated with changes in cecal pH and increases in undissociated volatile fatty acids, especially propionic acid. RP ZIPRIN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 6 BP 833 EP 837 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FN212 UT WOS:A1991FN21200007 PM 1883086 ER PT J AU MEADOR, VP DEYOE, BL AF MEADOR, VP DEYOE, BL TI EFFECT OF MILK STASIS ON BRUCELLA-ABORTUS INFECTION OF THE MAMMARY-GLAND IN GOATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; SECRETIONS AB To compare the effects of milk stasis and milk flow on Brucella abortus infection of the mammary gland under the same systemic conditions, primiparous goats (n = 5) were inoculated IV with B abortus on the day of parturition, and suckling by their neonates was restricted to one mammary gland. Goats were euthanatized and necropsied at 3 weeks after inoculation, and milk, mammary glands, and supramammary lymph nodes were evaluated by bacteriologic, histologic, and immunoenzymatic staining techniques. Nonnursed mammary glands had high titers of brucellae in milk, moderate interstitial mastitis, and brucellar antigen in macrophages located primarily in alveolar and ductal lumina. Brucellae often filled the macrophage cytoplasm. In contrast, nursed mammary glands had fewer brucellae in milk, minimal inflammatory changes, and no detectable brucellar antigen in histologic sections. Hyperplastic changes were only seen in supramammary lymph nodes draining nonnursed mammary glands; these contained more brucellae than lymph nodes draining nursed mammary glands. These studies show that milk stasis may be the sole cause of increased susceptibility of nonnursed mammary glands to B abortus infection. RP MEADOR, VP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 6 BP 886 EP 890 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FN212 UT WOS:A1991FN21200016 PM 1909104 ER PT J AU HUETTEL, RN FRANCL, LJ REISE, RW MEYER, SLF HENN, RA AF HUETTEL, RN FRANCL, LJ REISE, RW MEYER, SLF HENN, RA TI PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES IN THE POTATO GROWING AREAS OF MAINE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA; PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS; P-CRENATUS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; V-ALBO-ATRUM ID PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS AB A study was conducted from October 1987 to November 1988 to accumulate data on the distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes, to examine rotation schemes and time of sampling in relation to nematode populations, and to assess the occurrence of Verticillium spp.-Pratylenchus spp. in potato growing areas of the state of Maine. Pratylenchus penetrans and P. crenatus were encountered most frequently, with detection being 19% higher in early season (May-June) than late season (September-November). All rotation schemes supported Pratylenchus spp. Meloidogyne hapla was encountered in 14% of the early samples and 19% of the late samples. Oats-potato, potato-potato, and clover-potato supported the highest M. hapla population levels. Other nematodes detected in fewer samples and in lower numbers than the two above genera were Paratylenchus spp., Criconemella spp., Helicotylenchus spp. and Tylenchorhynchus sp. Two plants from each of 27 fields were examined for nematode-fungus associations. Samples from 7 fields were positive for V. dahliae and P. penetrans only, V. albo-atrum and P. penetrans were found in 1 field, V. albo-atrum alone was detected in 1 field and P. penetrans, V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum were found together in 2 fields. The detection of these nematode-fungus associations suggests that the potato early dying complex defined elsewhere in the United States may be occurring in Maine. C1 US DEPT AGR FOOD & RURAL RESOURCES,SEED POTATO PROGRAM,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. RP HUETTEL, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 345 EP 354 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR963 UT WOS:A1991FR96300001 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR AF HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR TI CORRELATION OF YIELD AND SPECIFIC-GRAVITY IN A TETRAPLOID POTATO TUBERLING POPULATION SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SELECTION ID EARLY GENERATION SELECTION; BREEDING PROGRAM; SEEDLING SELECTION; CLONAL GENERATION; VISUAL SELECTION; EFFICIENCY AB In the fall of 1987 and 1988 true seed from 128 and 83 potato crosses, respectively, were sown in flats in the greenhouses at Beltsville, MD, and approximately 350 seedlings from each cross were transplanted into 7.6 cm pots. The largest tuber from each pot was saved for the field experiment. Tubers from the same family were bulked and shipped to Presque Isle, ME, for spring planting in 50-hill plots. Individual hills of one 50-hill plot from each of 24 randomly selected families were harvested. Within each 50-hill plot, five hills were selected based on horticultural characteristics, such as shape, size, smoothness, and freedom from defects to form the population selected for horticultural characteristics (HC). Specific gravity and yield were recorded for all hills harvested. From the remaining 45 hills, the five highest specific gravity hills were selected to form the population selected for specific gravity (SG). Those hills not selected for either horticultural characteristics or specific gravity formed the unselected population (UP). The average specific gravity for the HC was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than the UP. There was a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation between yield and specific gravity in the HC and SG. There was no correlation between yield and specific gravity in UP. Selection among this plant material on the basis of horticultural characteristics resulted in a population of significantly (P < 0.05) higher yielding plants whose average specific gravity was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than the UP. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR963 UT WOS:A1991FR96300002 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE AF BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE TI AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR CULTURING POLLEN TUBES OF POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM; POLLEN TUBE; POLLEN GERMINATION AB In vitro culture of pollen tubes is a convenient way to distinguish inviable pollen from stylar incompatibilities which prevent pollen tube growth in vivo. This usefulness of in vitro pollen tube culture depends on how successful the technique is in promoting optimal pollen tube growth. Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of the type of sugar and method of aeration of cultures of Solanum species (potato) pollen. Lactose was superior to sucrose in promoting pollen germination and pollen tube growth on hanging drop cultures. Germination and growth were greatly enhanced when pollen was cultured in actively aerated lactose medium. Since pollen growth comparable to that occurring in vivo was observed using lactose medium with active aeration, this technique may be useful in various types of research related to reproductive biology. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,INTER REG POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR963 UT WOS:A1991FR96300004 ER PT J AU POND, WG LEHMANN, JW ELMORE, R HUSBY, F CALVERT, CC NEWMAN, CW LEWIS, B HARROLD, RL FROSETH, J AF POND, WG LEHMANN, JW ELMORE, R HUSBY, F CALVERT, CC NEWMAN, CW LEWIS, B HARROLD, RL FROSETH, J TI FEEDING VALUE OF RAW OR HEATED GRAIN AMARANTH GERMPLASM SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; SEEDS; PHYTATE AB Four growth experiments were conducted with weanling male rats to determine the nutritional value of grain from four cultivars of Amaranthus species (Amaranthus cruentus '477913' and Amaranthus hypochondriacus '1023', 'K343' and 'R158'). Feed was offered ad libitum to individually caged animals for 12-14 days. Amaranth was ground and given raw, dry-heated (2 h at 100-degrees-C), moist-heated (10 min in boiling water) or soaked (16 h in water) as the sole source of protein and energy. Rats fed on raw, dry-heated or soaked amaranth gained weight for the first 6 days, then lost weight; rats fed on moist-heated amaranth gained weight at a rate equal to that of rats fed on a maize and soya-bean meal diet containing 16% protein. When rats were fed on raw or moist-heated 'R158' or black seed separated from 'K343', body weight gain with moist-heated amaranth was equal to that produced by the maize-soya bean meal diet, confirming the high nutritive value of moist-heated amaranth (including the black seeds separated from 'K343'). This occurred despite the higher cell wall content of black seeds of 'K343' (27%) than of the unseparated 'K343' cultivar (12%). The overall results show that cultivars and lines of A. hypochondriacus and A. cruentus have a growth-inhibiting factor (or factors) labile to moist heat. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. INST DEV AMARANTH PROD INC,BRICELYN,MN 56014. UNIV NEBRASKA,S CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV ALASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RI Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014 OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90062-W PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FV138 UT WOS:A1991FV13800005 ER PT J AU YOSHIKAWA, N CONVERSE, RH AF YOSHIKAWA, N CONVERSE, RH TI PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF STRAWBERRY MOTTLE VIRUS SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STRAWBERRY MOTTLE VIRUS; STRAWBERRY; FRAGARIA-VESCA; CHAETOSIPHON-FRAGAEFOLII; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; CHENOPODIUM-QUINOA ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PARTICLES; LATENT AB Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) (three isolates: HJ, 3E and N) were transmitted to Chenopodium quinoa plants by sap inoculation. All three isolates induced very similar symptoms consisting of chlorotic spots and ringspots in inoculated leaves, and vein chlorosis, mottling, and dwarfing of the upper leaves. SMoV isolate HJ was purified from infected C. quinoa by homogenisation with 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 containing 5% Triton X-100, followed by differential, sucrose density-gradient and CsCl equilibrium density-gradient centrigations. A fraction with a buoyant density of 1.42 g. cm-3 after CsCl density-gradient centrifugation was highly infectious to C. quinoa and contained many isometric virus-like particles c. 37 nm in diameter. These virus-like particles were never found in fractions from uninfected preparations. Electrophoretic analysis of a fraction containing virus-like particles revealed that these particles might have a single coat protein subunit with the apparent molecular mass of 26 K daltons and one nucleic acid of 6.6 kilobases. Double-stranded RNA analysis of isolate HJ-infected or uninfected C. quinoa and Fragaria vesca var. semperflorens seedling line 'Alpine' plants showed that both infected plants had two infection-specific dsRNA bands of mol. wts 4.5 and 3.9 x 10(6). C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,HORT CROPS RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP YOSHIKAWA, N (reprint author), IWATE UNIV,FAC AGR,MORIOKA,IWATE 020,JAPAN. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSN APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA NATL VEGETABLE RES STATION WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV35 9EF SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 118 IS 3 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb05346.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA GF977 UT WOS:A1991GF97700008 ER PT J AU STROBEL, HJ RUSSELL, JB AF STROBEL, HJ RUSSELL, JB TI ROLE OF SODIUM IN THE GROWTH OF A RUMINAL SELENOMONAD SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; LACTATE PRODUCTION; BACTERIUM; GLUCOSE; PH AB The ruminal selenomonad strain H18 grew rapidly (mu = 0.50 h-1) in a defined medium containing glucose, ammonia, purified amino acids, and sodium (95 mM); little if any ammonia was utilized as a nitrogen source. When the sodium salts were replaced by potassium salts (0.13 mM sodium), there was a small reduction in growth rate (mu = 0.34 h-1), and under these conditions > 95% of the cell nitrogen was derived from ammonia. No growth was observed when the medium lacked sodium (< 0.35 mM) and amino acids were the only nitrogen source. At least six amino acid transport systems (aspartate, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, and valine) were sodium dependent, and these systems could be driven by an electrical potential (DELTA-psi) or a chemical gradient of sodium. H18 utilized lactate as an energy source for growth, but only when sodium and aspartate were added to the medium. Malate or fumarate was able to replace aspartate, and when these acids were added, sodium was no longer required. Glucose-grown cells accumulated large amounts of polysaccharide (64% of dry weight), and when the exogenous glucose was depleted, this material was converted to acetate and propionate as long as sodium was present. When the cells were incubated in buffers lacking sodium, succinate accumulated and exogenous succinate could not be decarboxylated. Because sodium had little effect on the transmembrane pH gradient at pH 6.7 to 4.5, it did not appear that sodium was required for intracellular pH regulation. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1663 EP 1668 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FP564 UT WOS:A1991FP56400014 PM 1872601 ER PT J AU VANBERKUM, P SLOGER, C AF VANBERKUM, P SLOGER, C TI HYDROGEN OXIDATION BY THE HOST-CONTROLLED UPTAKE HYDROGENASE PHENOTYPE OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM IN SYMBIOSIS WITH SOYBEAN HOST PLANTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NITROGENASE; NODULATION; LINES AB Symbioses between uptake hydrogenase host-regulated (Hup-hr) phenotypes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and exotic, agronomically unadapted soybean germ plasm were examined for expression of uptake hydrogenase activity. Determinations for hydrogen evolution and uptake hydrogenase activity identified five plant introduction (PI) lines which formed hydrogen-oxidizing symbioses with strains USDA 61 and PA3 6c. Hup-hr strains belonging to serogroup 94 expressed uptake hydrogenase activity in symbioses with PI 181696 and PI 219655 at rates sufficient to prevent hydrogen from escaping the nodules. The identification of soybean germ plasm forming hydrogen-oxidizing symbioses with Hup-hr bradyrhizobia potentially has implications for enhancing nitrogen fixation efficiency in soybean production. RP VANBERKUM, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,HH-19,BLDG 011,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1863 EP 1865 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FP564 UT WOS:A1991FP56400051 ER PT J AU BLAYLOCK, JR AF BLAYLOCK, JR TI VARIETY, PRICES AND FOOD STATUS IN LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEMAND; SPECIFICATION RP BLAYLOCK, JR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.1080/00036849100000004 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA FQ439 UT WOS:A1991FQ43900004 ER PT J AU URI, ND BOYD, R AF URI, ND BOYD, R TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND FOR SOFTWOOD LUMBER IN THE UNITED-STATES SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE DEMAND FOR LUMBER; ECONOMIC MODELING; SOFTWOOD LUMBER MARKET; STRUCTURAL STABILITY AB This study sets out to examine whether the demand for softwood lumber in the United States is responsive to various market factors including the price of softwood lumber, the price of other building materials, and the level of economic activity (e.g., housing starts). Concern in the analysis is focused on overcoming some of the methodological shortcomings found in previous studies of this issue. The results are conclusive. The quantity of softwood lumber demanded does respond to the various economic factors considered. Moreover, when the structural stability of the estimated relationships is investigated, the results suggest that the demand for softwood lumber regionally in the United States has remained unaltered over the sample period (1950-1985). C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ECON RES SERV,ROOM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 15 IS 6 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0307-904X(91)90044-P PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA FM882 UT WOS:A1991FM88200002 ER PT J AU TSEN, HY WANG, SJ ROE, BA GREEN, SS AF TSEN, HY WANG, SJ ROE, BA GREEN, SS TI DNA-SEQUENCE OF A SALMONELLA-SPECIFIC DNA FRAGMENT AND THE USE OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR SALMONELLA DETECTION SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; FOODS AB Hybridization specificity of a 1.8-kb HindIII DNA fragment isolated from Salmonella typhimurium by a molecular cloning technique was confirmed by colony hybridization with 327 Salmonella isolates of various serotypes and 56 non-Salmonella isolates including Enterobacteriaceae closely related to Salmonella, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Shigella. It was found that this 1.8-kb DNA fragment was highly specific for all the Salmonella isolates tested. The DNA sequence of this 1.8-kb fragment was then determined by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. According to this DNA sequence, six oligonucleotide fragments ranging from 17- to 26-mer were then chemically synthesized and tested for their hybridization specificities. Results show that three of the six oligonucleotide fragments are highly specific for all 327 Salmonella strains tested and can be used as probes for the specific detection of Salmonella in foods or other samples. C1 USDA,DIV MICROBIOL,MICROBIOL MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT CHEM,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP TSEN, HY (reprint author), NATL CHUNG UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,TAICHUNG 40227,TAIWAN. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA FU020 UT WOS:A1991FU02000012 PM 1367316 ER PT J AU MONTALVO, JG AF MONTALVO, JG TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF NIR DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE OF COTTONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS .1. FUNDAMENTALS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT ABSORPTION AND SCATTER; COMPARATIVE REFLECTANCE MODEL; FIBER DIMENSIONS; COTTONS AB Reported here is the development of a comparative reflectance model that predicts the relative change in NIR diffuse reflectance of cotton, a hollow fiber, according to the cross-sectional dimensions of perimeter, wall thickness, and wall area. Two cotton groupings are considered: paired cottons and any number of cottons of the same perimeter. The model is based on a single wavelength of NIR light and the critical assumption that the total fiber length in the optical path is constant for cottons of the same perimeter. Combinations of paired dimensional variables are derived and classified by selection rules as "allowed" or "forbidden." Seven allowed nontrivial combinations of perimeter, wall thickness, and wall area are identified. On the basis of the derived equation that optical density (O.D., log 1/R units) is a linear function of wall thickness at constant perimeter, comparative reflectances are predicted for all seven nontrivial combinations. The predicted comparative reflectances at a single wavelength range from nonunique (i.e., overlap or equivalent O.D.) to unique; those across many wavelengths are all unique. Also, a mechanism is proposed to explain the interaction of photons with fiber. Finally, the fundamental fiber property sensed is elucidated in three-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D fiber space. RP MONTALVO, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 779 EP 789 DI 10.1366/0003702914336426 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA FV083 UT WOS:A1991FV08300013 ER PT J AU MONTALVO, JG AF MONTALVO, JG TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF NIR DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE OF COTTONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS .2. OPTICAL-PATH SIMULATIONS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; COMPARATIVE REFLECTANCE MODEL; COTTON FIBER DIMENSIONS; SIMULATIONS; OPTICAL PATH AB In Part I of this series, a model was proposed to predict the comparative NIR reflectance of cottons grouped according to cross-sectional dimensions. The critical assumption in the model is that total fiber length in the diffuse reflectance optical path is constant among cottons of the same perimeter. This paper introduces an alternative assumption: that the volume of solid cellulose (i.e., mass) in the diffuse reflectance optical path is constant for cottons of the same perimeter. Optical path simulations are used to predict the consequences of either assumption. One method of simulation is based on diffuse reflectance calculations and the other on relating diffuse reflectance to diffuse transmittance. In the diffuse reflectance calculations, 13 variables are included in the simulation model. Relating reflectance to transmittance is justified because sample weights for the latter can be selected a priori to produce either a constant total fiber length or a constant volume of solid cellulose in the optical path. The simulations support the premise that the critical assumption in the comparative reflectance model is correct. The study goes further to produce diagnostic criteria from the simulation results for testing the assumptions. RP MONTALVO, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 790 EP 794 DI 10.1366/0003702914336606 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA FV083 UT WOS:A1991FV08300014 ER PT J AU MONTALVO, JG FAUGHT, SE BUCO, SM AF MONTALVO, JG FAUGHT, SE BUCO, SM TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF NIR DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE OF COTTONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS .3. EXPERIMENTAL SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT ABSORPTION AND SCATTER; COMPARATIVE REFLECTANCE EXPERIMENTS; FIBER DIMENSIONS; GROUPED COTTONS AB In Part I of this series, a model was proposed to predict the comparative NIR reflectance of grouped cottons. In Part II of this series, the model's optical path was simulated. We report here the detailed examination of this model, its optical path, and cotton reflectance spectra in the wavelength range from 840 to 2500 nm. The premise that paired cottons with allowed nontrivial combinations of dimensional variables will produce the predicted comparative reflectance is verified experimentally, as is the premise that any number of cottons of the same perimeter with varying wall thickness will produce the predicted comparative reflectance. The critical assumption of a constant total fiber length in the optical path, for cottons of the same perimeter, is confirmed. Thus the log(1/R) values are a function of a wall dimension (thickness or area) and perimeter. Finally, three distinct wavelength regions of the reflectance spectra are noted: < 1440 nm, 1440 to 2100 nm, and > 2100 nm. At wavelengths > 2100 nm, significant absorption of photons out of the beam, caused by the cellulose in the fiber wall, controls the reflectance. At wavelengths < 1440 nm, the log(1/R) function is different and its cause unresolved. For some cottons, the intermediate band of wavelengths shows a transition in log(1/R) values from the resolved to the unresolved function. C1 STAT RESOURCES INC,BATON ROUGE,LA 70815. RP MONTALVO, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 795 EP 807 DI 10.1366/0003702914336642 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA FV083 UT WOS:A1991FV08300015 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JB AF RUSSELL, JB TI A REASSESSMENT OF BACTERIAL-GROWTH EFFICIENCY - THE HEAT-PRODUCTION AND MEMBRANE-POTENTIAL OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS IN BATCH AND CONTINUOUS CULTURE SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEAT PRODUCTION; ENERGY SPILLING; GROWTH YIELDS; MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; RUMEN ID MAINTENANCE ENERGY EXPENDITURES; RUMINAL BACTERIUM; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; YIELDS; PHOSPHORYLATION; ATPASE; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM; GRADIENT; SYSTEM AB Glucose-limited, continuous cultures (dilution rate 0.1 h-1) of Streptococcus bovis JB1 fermented glucose at a rate of 3.9-mu-mol mg protein-1 h-1 and produced acetate, formate and ethanol. Based on a maximum ATP yield of 32 cells/mol ATP (Stouthamer 1973) and 3 ATP/glucose, the theoretical glucose consumption for growth would have been 2.1-mu-mol mg protein-1 h-1. Because the maintenance energy requirement was 1.7-mu-mol/mg protein/h (Russell and Baldwin 1979), virtually all of the glucose consumption could be explained by growth and maintenance and the Y(ATP) was 30. Glucose-limited, continuous cultures produced heat at a rate of 0.29 mW/mg protein, and this value was similar to the enthalpy change of the fermentation (0.32 mW/mg protein). Batch cultures (specific growth rate 2.0 h-1) fermented glucose at a rate of 81-mu-mol mg protein-1 h-1, and produced only lactate. The heat production was in close agreement with the theoretical enthalpy change (1.72 versus 1.70 mW/mg protein), but only 80% of the glucose consumption could be accounted by growth and maintenance. The Y(ATP) of the batch cultures was 25. Nitrogen-limited, glucose-excess, non-growing cultures fermented glucose at a rate of 6.9-mu-mol mg protein-1 h-1, and virtually all of the enthalpy for this homolactic fermentation could be accounted as heat (0.17 mW/mg protein). The nitrogen-limited cultures had a membrane potential of 150 mV, and nearly all of the heat production could be explained by a futile cycle of protons through the cell membrane (watts = amperes x voltage where H+ /ATP was 3). The membrane voltage of the nitrogen-limited cells was higher than the glucose-limited continuous cultures (150 versus 80 mV), and this difference in voltage explained why nitrogen-limited cultures consumed glucose faster than the maintenance rate. Batch cultures had a membrane potential of 100 mV, and this voltage could not account for increased glucose consumption (more than growth plus maintenance). It appears that another mechanism causes the increased heat production and lower growth efficiency of batch cultures. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RUSSELL, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 155 IS 6 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1007/BF00245350 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FU415 UT WOS:A1991FU41500008 PM 1953297 ER PT J AU TRIANA, RJ SUITS, GW GARRISON, S PRAZMA, J BRECHTELSBAUER, PB MICHAELIS, OE PILLSBURY, HC AF TRIANA, RJ SUITS, GW GARRISON, S PRAZMA, J BRECHTELSBAUER, PB MICHAELIS, OE PILLSBURY, HC TI INNER-EAR DAMAGE SECONDARY TO DIABETES-MELLITUS .1. CHANGES IN ADOLESCENT SHR/N-CP RATS SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY SUCROSE; CORPULENT AB The association between diabetes mellitus and hearing impairment has been debated in many previous studies. The spontaneous hypertensive/NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat has been shown to be a unique genetic model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Seventeen diabetic and 17 control young male rats were divided into groups according to diet and phenotype. The rats were fed either 54% of sucrose or 54% starch diets for 3.5 months and killed at 5 months. The cochleas were fixed, decalcified, dissected, and stained for hair cell counting. A significant loss of outer hair cells was noted in the diabetic obese (SHR/N-cp) animals when compared with the control obese (LA/N-cp) animals in every group. Although no significant difference was noted between the diabetic obese (SHR/N-cp) animals receiving the starch and sugar diets, the diabetic obese (SHR/N-cp) animals were more severely affected than the nondiabetic lean (SHR/N-cp) rats. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DIV OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,610 BURNETT WOMACK BLDG,CB 7070,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 117 IS 6 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA FP911 UT WOS:A1991FP91100014 PM 2036185 ER PT J AU NICOLOSI, RJ AUSMAN, LM HEGSTED, DM AF NICOLOSI, RJ AUSMAN, LM HEGSTED, DM TI RICE BRAN OIL LOWERS SERUM TOTAL AND LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND APO-B LEVELS IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE RICE BRAN OIL; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; SATURATED FAT; POLYUNSATURATED FAT; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY-FAT; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; LIPID-METABOLISM; SATURATED FAT; MONKEYS; TRIGLYCERIDES; RECEPTOR; INVIVO AB The hypolipidemic response of rice bran oil (RBO) was investigated in nonhuman primates fed semi-purified diets containing blends of oils which included RBO at 0-35% Kcals as dietary fat. The studies demonstrated the following: (a) the degree of reduction of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was highly correlated with initial serum cholesterol levels of the monkey on the stabilization diet; (b) the content of rice bran oil in the diet was the predominant factor influencing serum TC, LDLC and apoB causing up to a 40% reduction in LDLC without affecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) when RBO was the sole dietary oil fed; (c) the cholesterol-lowering capabilities of RBO were not explained by its fatty acid composition. These studies suggest that RBO may be an additional vegetable oil which lowers serum cholesterol levels by unique mechanisms which will require further study. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE RES CTR,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772. RP NICOLOSI, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LOWELL,DEPT CLIN SCI,WEED HALL,WILDER ST,LOWELL,MA 01854, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL39385] NR 32 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 1991 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(91)90075-E PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA FX204 UT WOS:A1991FX20400003 PM 1892480 ER PT J AU SUGDEN, EA PYKE, GH AF SUGDEN, EA PYKE, GH TI EFFECTS OF HONEY-BEES ON COLONIES OF EXONEURA-ASIMILLIMA, AN AUSTRALIAN NATIVE BEE SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION; ANTHOPHORIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; ECOLOGY; NECTAR AB Honey bee hives were placed, during two consecutive summers, in an experimental site which contained natural and artificially placed colonies of Exoneura asimillima, a semi-social, native bee. Two classes of colonies were studied: founders, and established colonies. Nests and contents were collected from an experimental site and three control sites following several months of exposure at the experimental site to the apiary honey bee population. Nest contents were analysed for differences among sites in colony population parameters which could have been caused by resource competition with introduced honey bees. Colony founding and overall colony survival were also considered. During the first season, the average number of large larvae plus prepupae per colony was significantly higher in the experimental site than in the control site. This difference could, however, have been the result of a two-week gap in sampling all the sites. All nest parameters showed high variability and there were no other significant differences between the two kinds of site. In the experimental site during the second season there were, relative to the control sites, significantly fewer total numbers of adult males and females in established nests and in all nests combined, significantly more immatures of all stages in founder nests and significantly lower adult male:female ratio. Although preliminary in nature, the data suggest that, in the experimental plots, E. asimillima showed: (i) increased adult emigration, (ii) increased brood rearing success, and/or (iii) relatively later colony founding, compared to the three controls. The possibility of resource competition with honey bees causing the observed changes is discussed, along with alternative explanations. C1 AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,SYDNEY,NSW 2000,AUSTRALIA. RP SUGDEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. RI Pyke, Graham/H-1788-2011 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0307-692X J9 AUST J ECOL JI Aust. J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1991.tb01044.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GA228 UT WOS:A1991GA22800004 ER PT J AU Wong, TTY Ramadan, MM McInnis, DO Mochizuki, N Nishimoto, JI Herr, JC AF Wong, Tim T. Y. Ramadan, M. M. McInnis, D. O. Mochizuki, N. Nishimoto, J. I. Herr, J. C. TI Augmentative Releases of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Suppress a Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Population in Kula, Maui, Hawaii SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Ceratitis capitata; Diachasmimorpha tryoni; parasitoid releases AB Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), a larval parasitoid, was mass-reared in the laboratory and was used to suppress a wild Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), population in a nonisolated area (13 km(2)) of Kula, Maui, Hawaii. Weekly releases of D. tryoni, averaging 272,000 parasitoids per release, were made from March 10 to June 22, 1988. Trap catches of male C. capitata adults began to decline 8 weeks after the first release, and catches remained low throughout the summer months. However, in the control area of Keokea, adult catches began to increase in April and reached a peak in early July that was similar to that of previous years. The percentage of parasitism of C. capitata by D. tryoni was significantly higher for the six weekly collections of infested peaches in Kula than in the control area of Keokea: an average of 47.0% parasitism in Kula compared with 14.2% in Keokea. Of the total parasitoids, a significantly higher percentage of D. tryoni was recovered in fruit samples from Kula than in those from Keokea. Moreover, the number of C. capitata per fruit was significantly lower in the treated area than in the control area. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Wong, Tim T. Y.; Ramadan, M. M.; McInnis, D. O.; Mochizuki, N.; Nishimoto, J. I.; Herr, J. C.] ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. RP Wong, TTY (reprint author), ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1991 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90094-G PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06CZ UT WOS:000207173000002 ER PT J AU Reed, DK Webster, JA Jones, BG Burd, JD AF Reed, David K. Webster, James A. Jones, Brian G. Burd, John D. TI Tritrophic Relationships of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae), a Hymenopterous Parasitoid (Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh), and Resistant and Susceptible Small Grains SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta, Avena sativa L.; Diuraphis noxia; Diaeretiella rapae; antibiosis; biological control; insect-plant interactions; xTriticosecale; Triticum spp. AB The tritrophic relationships between resistant small grain entries, Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh were studied. Resistant triticale entries with high levels of antibiosis affected growth and reproduction of both the aphid and the parasitoid. Parasitoid mummies from antibiotic triticale were smaller, took longer to develop, and were fewer in number compared with those from susceptible entries. The sex ratio of parasitoids emerging from the smaller mummies of aphids restricted to the resistant triticale entries was skewed toward females. The protective influence of parasitoids on plants was demonstrated in the experiment. Plants exposed to aphids without parasitoids sustained greater damage and had significantly less biomass than those so protected. A resistant wheat entry showed a reduction in aphid populations and enhanced parasitoid activity due to the fact that its leaves did not roll like those in the susceptible wheat entry. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Reed, David K.; Webster, James A.; Jones, Brian G.; Burd, John D.] ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Reed, DK (reprint author), ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, USDA, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1991 VL 1 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90099-L PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06CZ UT WOS:000207173000007 ER PT J AU BLAIR, RM GEISERT, RD ZAVY, MT YELLIN, T FULTON, RW SHORT, EC AF BLAIR, RM GEISERT, RD ZAVY, MT YELLIN, T FULTON, RW SHORT, EC TI ENDOMETRIAL SURFACE AND SECRETORY ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN GILTS ADMINISTERED ESTRADIOL VALERATE ON DAYS 9 AND 10 OF GESTATION SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE; PIG BLASTOCYSTS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; DELAYED IMPLANTATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOUSE BLASTOCYSTS; BINDING-SITES; UTERINE; ESTROGEN; ATTACHMENT AB Administration of estrogen to gilts on Days 9 and 10 of pregnancy results in total embryonic loss by Day 18. The present study examined changes in the uterine endometrial surface and secretion during conceptus attachment in control and estrogen-treated (Days 9 and 10) pregnant gilts. Gilts were unilaterally hysterectomized on either Days 12 and 14 or Days 16 and 18 of gestation. Uterine horns were flushed with saline and conceptuses were evaluated. Intact conceptuses were recovered from all control gilts, whereas estrogen-treated gilts contained normal intact conceptuses only on Day 12 of gestation. Antiviral activity, which reflects conceptus viability, was reduced (p < 0.01) in uterine flushings after Day 14 in estrogen-treated gilts. Culture of endometrial explants with [H-3]glucosamine revealed several glycoproteins that are synthesized during the period of conceptus attachment; however, no difference in glycoprotein synthesis between treatment groups was detected by analysis with two-dimensional PAGE and flurography. Analyses of the uterine epithelium by scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that estrogen administration caused an alteration in the uterine surface, a thinning of the uterine epithelial glycocalyx, and a reduction of cationic ferritin binding to the microvilli of the uterine epithelium. Results indicate that conceptus mortality after early administration of estrogen is associated with alterations in the uterine endometrial surface during the period of conceptus attachment in the pig. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA,ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 51 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1079 DI 10.1095/biolreprod44.6.1063 PG 17 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA FN371 UT WOS:A1991FN37100014 PM 1873382 ER PT J AU HANSEN, AJ SPIES, TA SWANSON, FJ OHMANN, JL AF HANSEN, AJ SPIES, TA SWANSON, FJ OHMANN, JL TI CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY IN MANAGED FORESTS - LESSONS FROM NATURAL FORESTS SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; WESTERN OREGON; WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HANSEN, AJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 52 TC 419 Z9 430 U1 7 U2 63 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.2307/1311745 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA FN019 UT WOS:A1991FN01900005 ER PT J AU HIGNIGHT, KW BASHAW, EC HUSSEY, MA AF HIGNIGHT, KW BASHAW, EC HUSSEY, MA TI CYTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF NATIVE APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS, PENNISETUM-CILIARE (L) LINK SO BOTANICAL GAZETTE LA English DT Article AB Diverse native morphotypes of apomictic buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare [L.] Link [Cenchrus ciliaris L.] were investigated cytologically to determine the sources of variation and to establish relationships among widely different natural accessions. The primary objectives were to determine mode of reproduction of accessions and hybrid progenies through embryo sac studies and to assess the potential of the material for use as germplasm in a breeding program. Although most native buffelgrass ecotypes are obligate apomicts, reproductive studies showed evidence for sexual reproduction (facultative apomixis) in each of five accessions chosen for a hybridization study. A fully differentiated single sexual embryo sac was observed in 7% of the ovules from two accessions, each of which also had one facultative ovule. Cytological studies on five of the most diverse types and their F1 hybrids with a sexual buffelgrass clone (B-1s) showed very similar chromosome pairing relationships at metaphase I of parents and their progenies. These results demonstrate a close relationship between types and indicate that they represent a primary gene pool for breeding purposes. The extreme morphological diversity present in the types is explained by the limited sexual reproduction. Highly apomictic divergent morphotypes could colonize large areas and easily be mistaken for different species. C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0006-8071 J9 BOT GAZ PD JUN PY 1991 VL 152 IS 2 BP 214 EP 218 DI 10.1086/337882 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD667 UT WOS:A1991GD66700011 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL AF BURSON, BL TI GENOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TETRAPLOID AND HEXAPLOID BIOTYPES OF DALLISGRASS, PASPALUM-DILATATUM SO BOTANICAL GAZETTE LA English DT Article AB A sexual, yellow-anthered, tetraploid (2n = 4X = 40) biotype of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., was crossed with an apomictic, purple-anthered, hexaploid (2n = 6X = 60) dallisgrass biotype from Uruguay to determine their cytological relationship and to establish the genomic composition of the hexaploid Uruguayan biotype. Forty-one intraspecific F1 hybrids were produced and 20 were studied cytologically. Nineteen plants had 50 chromosomes and one was aneuploid with 47 chromosomes. During metaphase I, the mean chromosome associations for 50-chromosome hybrids were 10.31I, 19.83II, 0.003III, and 0.003IV. The mean meiotic associations of the aneuploid hybrid were 7.12I and 19.94II. Most bivalents occurred as rings. These findings indicate that the biotypes have two homologous genomes. Based on the genome formula (IIJJ) of the yellow-anthered biotype, the 60-chromosome Uruguayan biotype has both the I and J genomes plus a third genome and its formula may be expressed as IIJJXX, where X is the third genome. The formula of the F1 hybrids is IIJJX. The chromosome number (2n = 5X = 50) and meiotic pairing behavior (20II + 10I) of these hybrids are similar to those of apomictic common dallisgrass. These results suggest that they may have the same genomic formula, but similarity of the X genomes in the Uruguayan and common biotypes has not been proven. If they are similar, apomictic common dallisgrass probably originated from a natural cross between the sexual yellow-anthered biotype or a closely related sexual tetraploid relative and the apomictic, hexaploid Uruguayan biotype. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0006-8071 J9 BOT GAZ PD JUN PY 1991 VL 152 IS 2 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1086/337883 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD667 UT WOS:A1991GD66700012 ER PT J AU LAUDENSLAYER, WF GRENFELL, WE ZEINER, DC AF LAUDENSLAYER, WF GRENFELL, WE ZEINER, DC TI A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB The following is a check-list of the species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals found in California and adjacent off-shore waters. The list is presented, to the extent possible, in phylogenetic order and includes vernacular and scientific names for each species. Information is also provided on the legal status of those species and subspecies that appear on California and Federal lists of Threatened and Endangered species. California Species of Special Concern (an informal designation used by the California Department of Fish and Game) are also included in the list. Subspecies are included in this check-list only when they appear on any of the preceding lists. This list includes 933 species representing 438 genera and 126 families. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,DIV WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,DIV WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA 95670. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 1991 VL 77 IS 3 BP 109 EP 141 PG 33 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA HG211 UT WOS:A1991HG21100001 ER PT J AU WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE AF WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE TI ISOLATION OF MONOCENTRIC AND POLYCENTRIC FUNGI FROM THE RUMEN AND FECES OF COWS IN GEORGIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE RUMEN FUNGI; CHYTRIDIOMYCETES; FECAL FUNGI ID SP-NOV; NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; ANAEROBIC FUNGI; GEN-NOV; COMMUNIS; SALIVA; CECUM; SHEEP AB Three monocentric and two polycentric obligately anaerobic zoosporic fungi were isolated from the rumen, freshly voided feces, and dry and moist feces. Rumen isolates were morphologically similar to fecal isolates from the same animal. The monocentric isolates were Piromyces communis, Neocallimastix frontalis, and Caecomyces communis. The polycentric isolates were Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3. Piromyces communis and N. frontalis were obtained from feces stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3 were isolated from dry feces, but not moist feces, stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Caecomyces communis was isolated only from feces stored for 6 weeks. All the isolates, except C. communis, formed melanized sporangia in pure culture. Structures that were morphologically similar to the melanized sporangia of rumen fungi were observed in fecal smears. The fecal isolates grew under conditions similar to the rumen, but not under aerobic conditions. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1232 EP 1236 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GB330 UT WOS:A1991GB33000010 ER PT J AU BOEHM, EWA MCLAUGHLIN, DJ AF BOEHM, EWA MCLAUGHLIN, DJ TI AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL KARYOTYPE FOR THE FUNGUS EOCRONARTIUM-MUSCICOLA USING EPIFLUORESCENCE PRESELECTION OF PACHYTENE NUCLEI SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOMES; EOCRONARTIUM; EPIFLUORESCENCE; HETEROBASIDIOMYCETE; KARYOTYPE; PACHYNEMA; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX; SPINDLE POLE BODY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; UREDINALES ID HOLLYHOCK RUST FUNGUS; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RECOMBINATION NODULES; PUCCINIA-MALVACEARUM; ARMILLARIA-MELLEA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; MEIOTIC PROPHASE; ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR AB Mithramycin-stained nuclei in midpachynema of prophase I were preselected with epifluorescence microscopy as judged by their degree of chromatin condensation. The pachytene nuclei were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to generate ultrastructural karyotypes for Eocronartium muscicola (Fr.) Fitz. using three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections of synaptonemal complexes. This is the first report of the use of epifluorescence to preselect fungal pachytene nuclei prior to serial sectioning for TEM and the first ultrastructural karyotype for a heterobasidiomycete. Preselection helped ensure that nuclei were in comparable states of chromatin condensation and influenced the accuracy of cross-correlating bivalent length measurements. Seventeen synapsed homologues were resolved in each of six fully reconstructed pachytene nuclei, originating from two different moss hosts, and four yielded comparable total genomic length measurements. Six of the 17 bivalents were cross-correlated among the four nuclei based on calculated length and centromeric index: the shortest and longest most extreme metacentric and submetacentric bivalents, and the bivalent associated with the nucleolus and the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB-associated bivalent may relate to the heterochromatin found to subtend the SPB in nonpachytene stages. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BOEHM, EWA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CEREAL RUST LAB,495 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1309 EP 1320 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GB330 UT WOS:A1991GB33000022 ER PT J AU SCHMID, JM MATA, SA WATKINS, RK KAUFMANN, MR AF SCHMID, JM MATA, SA WATKINS, RK KAUFMANN, MR TI WATER POTENTIAL IN PONDEROSA PINE STANDS OF DIFFERENT GROWING-STOCK LEVELS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BEETLE; STRESS; RESISTANCE AB Water potential was measured in five ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in each of four stands of different growing-stock levels at two locations in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Mean water potentials at dawn and midday varied significantly among growing-stock levels at one location, but differences were not consistent. Mean dawn and midday water potentials within growing-stock levels significantly decreased during the summer but showed minor increases during the overall decline. Stress levels were considered high enough to influence physiological functioning and, therefore, influence susceptibility to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) attack. Mountain pine beetle infestations did not develop within the stressed stands, which suggests that resistance may be only one factor in the outbreak scenario. RP SCHMID, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 6 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1139/x91-107 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FP804 UT WOS:A1991FP80400002 ER PT J AU COPES, DL SNIEZKO, RA AF COPES, DL SNIEZKO, RA TI THE INFLUENCE OF FLORAL BUD PHENOLOGY ON THE POTENTIAL MATING SYSTEM OF A WIND-POLLINATED DOUGLAS-FIR ORCHARD SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SEED ORCHARD; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOLOGY; MECHANISM AB Reproductive bud phenology from 1983 through 1989 limited potential outcross efficiency to a maximum of 58 to 87%, in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) clonal orchard near Monmouth, Oregon. Potential outcross efficiency was calculated for 20 clones from dates of male and female bud opening and pollination mechanism information. Cool weather before bud opening of the earliest clones delayed and compressed the breeding period and resulted in a greater percentage of trees having synchronous periods of pollen release and receptive seed strobili. Length of breeding season among years averaged 20 days and ranged from 16 to 27 days. Differences in phenology significantly impacted the breeding system because the overall breeding period of the orchard clones exceeded the 8-day receptive period of individual clones by two or three times and often prohibited or limited potential outcrossing between the earliest and latest clones. Outcrossing was greatest in clones with intermediate phenology and least in the earliest clones. The breeding system appears to be an almost continuous series of overlapping breeding subpopulations. Each year's breeding subpopulations were different from those of other years because of large shifts in rank order of bud opening by 10 to 20% of the clones and because of great differences in the length of breeding season. Average temperature during March was linearly associated with time of floral bud opening. Geneticists may be able to use average temperature of the 4-week periods prior to opening of the earliest floral buds as a tool to identify seed crops formed during years with compressed breeding seasons. Such seed crops have potential of being more diverse than do seed crops produced during years with extended breeding seasons. Use of procedures in this report will allow tree-improvement workers to calculate the maximum outcross efficiency of each seed crop produced by their orchards. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP COPES, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 6 BP 813 EP 820 DI 10.1139/x91-114 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FP804 UT WOS:A1991FP80400009 ER PT J AU MILLS, LS KNOWLTON, FF AF MILLS, LS KNOWLTON, FF TI COYOTE SPACE USE IN RELATION TO PREY ABUNDANCE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; TERRITORY SIZE; FEEDING TERRITORIALITY; HABITAT USE; DENSITY; MOVEMENTS; VULNERABILITY; ORGANIZATION; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Food abundance is an important factor determining space use in many species, but its effect on carnivore home range and territory size has rarely been investigated. We explored the relationship between food abundance for the coyote (Canis latrans) and space use in two study areas in the northern Great Basin, where the primary prey, the black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), fluctuates dramatically in abundance. At one site, home ranges and territories were significantly larger during a time of prey scarcity than when prey was abundant. Coyotes on the second site had similar-size home ranges and territories at low and high prey abundance, but a higher proportion and probably a higher number of individuals were transients during the prey-scarcity period. We propose mortality rates of coyotes as an important factor mediating adjustments in space use to food abundance, and suggest two mechanisms by which mortality might interact with food abundance. Higher mortality rates may simply permit more rapid adjustment of home range size to changing food conditions. Alternatively, higher mortality may selectively eliminate transients, thus reducing the impact of intruders in limiting the size of the remaining territories. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,LOGAN,UT 84322. RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X NR 62 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 24 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.1139/z91-212 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GH352 UT WOS:A1991GH35200010 ER PT J AU KING, AD RUCH, DL GOODMAN, N AF KING, AD RUCH, DL GOODMAN, N TI TCK BUNT SPORES AND EXPORT WHEAT SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article RP KING, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JUN PY 1991 VL 36 IS 6 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FP424 UT WOS:A1991FP42400005 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JC PRESTWICH, GD SUN, WC MORI, K AF DICKENS, JC PRESTWICH, GD SUN, WC MORI, K TI RECEPTOR-SITE ANALYSIS USING NEUROSENSORY RESPONSES OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL TO ANALOGS OF THE CYCLOHEXYLIDENEETHANOL OF ITS AGGREGATION PHEROMONE SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOH; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; FLUORINATED ANALOGS; BARK BEETLE; HOST PLANT; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; COMPONENTS AB The active sites of II neurons (Dickens, 1990c) in both sexes of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh., were investigated using structure-activity relationship studies. Electrophysiological responses of antennal olfactory receptors in male and female boll weevils were recorded in response to components II and III of its aggregation pheromone and various functional, geometric, and 2-fluoroalkenyl analogs. Dose - response curves for electroantennogram responses of both sexes to both the 2-fluoro analog of II (E-II-F) and II (Z-II) were essentially identical. Correspondingly, dose - response curves for the geometric isomer of II (E-II), and its 2-fluoro analog (Z-II-F), had similar shapes but responses to E-II were significantly greater at several doses. Responses of single neurons associated with type I sensilla to 1-mu-g stimulus loads of various analogs of II showed significant differences in the numbers of impulses elicited by each during a 500 ms stimulation period: Z-II > E-II-F > III-alpha-F, III > Z-II-F, E-II, IV. These results demonstrated the importance of the cis geometry between the dimethyl group at the 3-position on the six-carbon ring, and the functional moiety at the 1-position. The limited activity of E-II and Z-II-F on II neurons indicates these compounds may be stimulating other receptor types, since EAGs to these compounds were large. Dose - response curves for an II neuron were similar for Z-II and E-II-F, as were curves for III and III-alpha-F, indicating that the fluorine atom at the 2-position had little effect on receptor binding. Our data support a previous hypothesis that II neurons have separate receptors sites for pheromone components II and III. C1 UNIV TOKYO,DEPT AGR CHEM,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP DICKENS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1093/chemse/16.3.239 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA FW427 UT WOS:A1991FW42700004 ER PT J AU NOON, BR YOUNG, K AF NOON, BR YOUNG, K TI EVIDENCE OF CONTINUING WORLDWIDE DECLINES IN BIRD POPULATIONS - INSIGHTS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL-CONFERENCE IN NEW-ZEALAND SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP NOON, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 141 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00117.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FM325 UT WOS:A1991FM32500005 ER PT J AU WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME BILES, CL MCLAUGHLIN, R CHALUTZ, E DROBY, S AF WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME BILES, CL MCLAUGHLIN, R CHALUTZ, E DROBY, S TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES - ALTERNATIVES TO SYNTHETIC FUNGICIDES SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; ANTAGONISTS ID HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; PEACH BROWN ROT; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BLUE MOLD; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; DEBARYOMYCES-HANSENII; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CITRUS-FRUIT; APPLE FRUITS AB Spoilage of fruits and vegetables after harvest often causes losses as great as 25-50% of the harvested crop. Much of this is due to rot micro-organisms which are currently controlled by refrigeration and fungicides. A number of bacterial and fungal antagonists have been found that can effectively control post-harvest rots of peaches, citrus, apples, grapes and tomatoes. These antagonists have various models of action that include antibiosis and/or competition for nutrients and space. The commercialization of some of these antagonists to control post-harvest decay of fruits and vegetables appears to be feasible and may present an alternative to synthetic pesticides. C1 VOLCANI CTR,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP WILSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 60 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 21 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(91)90039-T PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FT480 UT WOS:A1991FT48000003 ER PT J AU SECK, M ROELFS, AP TENG, PS AF SECK, M ROELFS, AP TENG, PS TI INFLUENCE OF LEAF POSITION ON YIELD LOSS CAUSED BY WHEAT LEAF RUST IN SINGLE TILLERS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE LEAF RUST; WHEAT; DISEASE SEVERITY; YIELD LOSS AB The average disease severity estimated on the upper three leaves of spring wheat resulted in a significant correlation between leaf rust severity and loss in grain weight (R2 = 0.90) and 1000-kernel weight (R2 = 0.89). High R2 values and significant regression coefficients alone, however, are insufficient to validate a disease-loss model; additional important criteria are the absence of heteroscedasticity and presence of a functional relationship between disease and loss. These criteria were obtained by determining the separate contribution of leaves to total grain weight of single tillers. The flag, penultimate and antepenultimate leaf positions, respectively, were found to contribute 26, 12 and 3% to potential grain yield per tiller. An effective severity [leaf contribution x severity (SEV-c)] was obtained which had a one-to-one relationship with yield loss in grain weight. The effective severity could be used, therefore, to predict yield loss in total grain weight; it was possible to predict yield loss by knowing the disease severity on the three upper wheat leaves and each leaf's potential contribution to grain yield. A good correlation was also found between yield loss and the effective severity adjusted for leaf area (SEV-c + A), suggesting that SEV-c + A, can be used in the place of SEV-c, especially when leaf area varies. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INT RICE RES INST,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. ENDA TM,DAKAR,SENEGAL. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(91)90047-U PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FT480 UT WOS:A1991FT48000011 ER PT J AU IMAM, SH BURGESSCASSLER, A COTE, GL GORDON, SH BAKER, FL AF IMAM, SH BURGESSCASSLER, A COTE, GL GORDON, SH BAKER, FL TI A STUDY OF CORNSTARCH GRANULE DIGESTION BY AN UNUSUALLY HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ALPHA-AMYLASE SECRETED BY LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STARCH; PROTEINS; ENZYMES AB The cells of Lactobacillus amylovorus (NRRL B-4540), grown in a medium containing 2% cornstarch as the sole carbon source, secreted an amylase activity that rapidly solubilized cornstarch. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses showed that 80-90% of starch was consumed by bacteria in a 10-day-old culture medium. The remnant of starch granules digested in the culture medium inoculated with the cells of L. amylovorus have also lost their characteristic iodine-binding capacity as visualized by starch dye-binding microplate assay and light microscopy. Scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM) of granules from a 48-h culture medium showed hollow and fragmented granules with a pitting phenomenon characteristically produced by alpha-amylase activity. Analysis of an enzyme preparation from a culture medium of L. amylovorus revealed that the putative enzyme appears to be a single protein band of unusually high M(r) (150,000) on SDS gels stained for amylase activity. Analysis of starch digestion products by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed enzyme activity typical of alpha-amylase. RP IMAM, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 22 IS 6 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1007/BF02092156 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FP395 UT WOS:A1991FP39500007 ER PT J AU URI, ND HERBERT, JH AF URI, ND HERBERT, JH TI THE IMPACT OF MEASUREMENT ERROR ON ESTIMATING THE DEMAND FOR DIESEL FUEL BY FARMERS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID PROXY VARIABLES; GAS DEMAND; REGRESSIONS; MODEL AB This paper deals with two diagnostics that are useful in evaluating regression results when one of the explanatory variables contains either random or systematic measurement error. The two diagnostics discussed are regression-coefficient bounds and the bias correction factor. The first is useful because such bound indicate the impact on the estimated regression coefficients not only of the random component in the dependent variable but also of the random component of the explanatory variable (that contains the measurement error). The bias correction factor is useful because, depending on the type of measurement error present, it will indicate the extent of the difference between the true population parameter and the estimated value of the parameter. In an application of the two diagnosis, the demand for diesel fuel by farmers in the United States is explored. Given that the data on the price of diesel fuel contain random measurement error, it is illustrated that the responsiveness of the quantity of diesel fuel demanded by farmers ranges between -1.77 and -0.26% for each 1% change in the price of diesel fuel. In terms of bias arising from measurement error, the responsiveness of the quantity of diesel fuel demanded due to a change in the number of acres planted is under-estimated by 36%. The responsiveness of the quantity demanded due to a change in precipitation is under-estimated by 63%. C1 US DOE,ENERGY INFORMAT ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 6 BP 909 EP 921 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(91)90042-K PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA FF846 UT WOS:A1991FF84600004 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR COHEN, AC AF HAGLER, JR COHEN, AC TI PREY SELECTION BY INVITRO-REARED AND FIELD-REARED GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; PREDATION; PREY PREFERENCE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID ARTIFICIAL DIETS; FOOD UTILIZATION; LYGAEIDAE; HETEROPTERA; PREDATOR; CONSUMPTION; NOCTUIDAE; HEMIPTERA; RATES; EGGS AB The patterns of prey selection of Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), reared continously on artificial diet for six years, were almost identical with patterns shown by their field-derived counterparts. In paired choice experiments both the in vitro-reared and the wild G. punctipes showed a significant preference for Lygus hesperus over Aphis nerii, Heliothis zea, H. virescens, and Spodoptera exigua. There were no significant differences in choices made by the in vitro-reared and the wild G. punctipes. These similar feeding patterns suggest that in vitro rearing, even over extended periods, does not cause degradation in the prey selection characteristics of G. punctipes. RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BIOL & BIOL CONTROL INSECTS LAB,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 59 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX991 UT WOS:A1991FX99100001 ER PT J AU BAILEY, RG AF BAILEY, RG TI DESIGN OF ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS FOR MONITORING GLOBAL CHANGE SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Note RP BAILEY, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING SYST,3825 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 173 EP 175 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GL836 UT WOS:A1991GL83600016 ER PT J AU WELLSO, SG AF WELLSO, SG TI ESTIVATION AND PHENOLOGY OF THE HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN INDIANA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; DIAPAUSE; WHEAT ID SORGHUM MIDGE; EMERGENCE; REQUIREMENTS AB In the northern part of its range in North America, the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), has one generation each year and overwinters in diapause. In the southern part of its range, it may have six generations each year, and does not overwinter in diapause; however, its summer development is interrupted by an aestival period. Between these two extremes, the number of generations varies with geographical location and prevailing climatic conditions, and the species usually diapauses and aestivates each year. Laboratory aestivation can be induced by high temperatures (daily thermocycles ranging from 17 to 36-degrees-C), and terminated by exposure to four or more consecutive days at 21.1-degrees-C. Diapause was terminated at 21.1-degrees-C in about the same number of days of exposure to daylengths of 8:16 or 16:8 (L:D), suggesting that photoperiod is less important than temperature. Extremely high Indiana temperatures during the summer of 1988 induced a more intense aestivation, and its termination was delayed in the field. Many eggs were laid on wheat that fall after the Hessian-fly-free date, and a very mild winter followed, resulting in the largest spring fly infestation recorded in the last 24 yr. A large percentage of aestival puparia submerged under water for weekly intervals up to seven weeks delayed pupating by the duration of time that they were submerged, suggesting that a higher titer of oxygen might be necessary to break aestivation. RP WELLSO, SG (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 795 EP 801 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT888 UT WOS:A1991FT88800008 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH ONSAGER, JA AF MILLER, RH ONSAGER, JA TI GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) AND PLANT RELATIONSHIPS UNDER DIFFERENT GRAZING INTENSITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PHENOLICS; COVER; RANGE ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS PASTURES; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES F; RANGELAND; PRECIPITATION; PHENOLOGY; CULTIVARS; DENSITY; ACID AB Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) density and species composition were monitored in three southwestern Montana grazing areas. Periodic comparisons were made of percent cover, percent crude protein, percent water content, and total phenolics for grasses grazed by cattle versus grasses protected from grazing. Grasshopper densities and composition differed in three areas. Grazing reduced vegetative cover, accompanied by increases in ground litter and patches of bare ground. Plant nitrogen and water content decreased during the spring and then increased in late summer following rains. Phenolics levels were independent of grazing and weather fluctuations. Changes in grasshopper nymph densities roughly corresponded to springtime decreases of crude protein and water content in grasses. Nymphal mortality was inversely related to density. Grazing, weather, or changes in plant chemistry had little effect on grasshopper parameters of this study. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 807 EP 814 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT888 UT WOS:A1991FT88800010 ER PT J AU FLINN, PW AF FLINN, PW TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE OF THE PARASITOID CEPHALONOMIA-WATERSTONI (GAHAN) (HYMENOPTERA, BETHYLIDAE) ATTACKING RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE LARVAE (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE AB The effects of host density and temperature on the functional response of the bethylid parasitoid Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan) attacking fourth-instar rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were examined. Five temperatures and six host densities were used. A type II functional response model was fit separately to each temperature. The maximum attack rate ranged from 7.5 larvae/12 h at 25-degrees-C, to 2.9 larvae/12 h at 38-degrees-C. Handling time and instantaneous search rate varied with temperature. A new functional response equation was developed in which handling time is a quadratic function of temperature. This equation explained 83% of the variation in attack rate. Although instantaneous search rate was also affected by temperature, it was sufficient to make only handling time a function of temperature because the two parameters were highly correlated. RP FLINN, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 872 EP 876 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT888 UT WOS:A1991FT88800018 ER PT J AU ROTH, JP MACQUEEN, A BAY, DE AF ROTH, JP MACQUEEN, A BAY, DE TI EFFECT OF INTRODUCED SCARAB BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEINAE) ON COPROPHILIC INSECTS IN CENTRAL QUEENSLAND SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SCARABAEINAE; DUNG DISPERSAL; COPROPHILIC INSECTS ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOUTH-AFRICA; DUNG AB The effect of scarab beetle activity on the breeding of coprophilic insects in cattle dung was investigated in a pasture in central Queensland. On seven occasions, natural dung pats were covered with one of two types of wire mesh cages: fine mesh was used to exclude scarabs, and coarse mesh protected an equal number of other pats from trampling by cattle. Pats under the coarse mesh were colonized by the usual range of dung arthropod fauna including scarabs. Populations of scarabs and other dung arthropods also were sampled on each occasion using pitfall traps baited with cattle dung. Fewer adult predaceous insects were collected from pats beneath the coarse mesh. These pats also yielded fewer Diptera, hymenopterous parasitoids, and coprophagous Coleoptera than the pats beneath the fine mesh. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. CSIRO,DIV ENTOMOL,INDOOROOPILLY,QLD 4068,AUSTRALIA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 909 EP 914 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT888 UT WOS:A1991FT88800023 ER PT J AU CARROLL, JF RUSSEKCOHEN, E NICHOLS, JD HINES, JE AF CARROLL, JF RUSSEKCOHEN, E NICHOLS, JD HINES, JE TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF AMERICAN DOG TICKS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) ALONG PARK TRAILS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; CLOTH DRAG; PARK TRAILS ID DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARINA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS AB We conducted a mark-recapture study in which drag-collected ticks were removed from some park trails weekly from April to July. Weekly survival rates (probability of surviving and remaining on the trails) were significantly lower on trails used heavily by hikers, horses, and pets than on trails used less frequently. Although usage was the only obvious difference among these trails, differences in weekly survival rate estimates may be attributable to differential success in acquiring hosts. The estimated probability of capturing a host-seeking tick located along a trail on a single drag was 0.20 on the drag alone, and 0.25 including the person dragging. When routes parallel to the trails and of equal lengths were dragged immediately after sampling the trails, only almost-equal-to 5% as many ticks (including ticks on the person dragging) were found off the trails as on them. We found no evidence of reduced tick numbers on removal trails, but this result should be considered inconclusive because the power of the discerning test was low. However, the data reported here provide insights into turnover rates of the adult Dermacentor variabilis population and effectiveness of the drag as a sampling device. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,US DEPT INTERIOR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP CARROLL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI INST,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 922 EP 929 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT888 UT WOS:A1991FT88800025 ER PT J AU ONSAGER, JA AF ONSAGER, JA TI TOWARD AN OPTIMUM STRATEGY FOR ESTIMATING DENSITY OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) FROM A POISSON-DISTRIBUTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SAMPLING; RANGE; RANGELAND ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS AB Over a range of densities from 15 to 140 grasshoppers per m2, six persons counted grasshoppers in subsamples delineated by wire rings that encompassed 0.05, 0.10, or 0.25 m2 per ring. Results did not differ significantly between personnel. The smallest ring size was the most accurate. Each increase in area per ring yielded a decrease in accuracy; the proportion of error increased with ring size but was constant over the observed range of densities. The 0.10- and 0.25-m2 rings detected only 80 and 58%, respectively, of available grasshoppers. The larger rings obviously encompassed more area than an observer could simultaneously comprehend. A random spatial distribution was confirmed for grasshoppers on rangeland. Poisson confidence intervals therefore are appropriate. The precision of Poisson confidence intervals is essentially a function of the total number of insects detected in a sample. Precision can be improved rapidly by adding subsamples to assure detection of 40-50 total grasshoppers per sample; improvement after about 200 total grasshoppers per sample is imperceptible. RP ONSAGER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT888 UT WOS:A1991FT88800028 ER PT J AU HAVEKES, FWJ MILLER, JF JAN, CC AF HAVEKES, FWJ MILLER, JF JAN, CC TI DIVERSITY AMONG SOURCES OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE SUNFLOWER; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; HYBRID BREEDING; CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; FERTILITY RESTORATION; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION AB Ten cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines were crossed with nine maintainer or male fertility restorer lines in a diallel crossing scheme. Based on fertility restoration of the F1 generation, CMS lines were divided into four groups. At least two new sources of CMS, CMS PET2 and CMS GIG1, were found to be potentially useful for commercial production of hybrids. Environment had an influence on fertility restoration of one CMS line, CMS MAX1. Effective restoration of male fertility for CMS RIG1, CMS ANN2, and CMS ANN3 was not found. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND. RP HAVEKES, FWJ (reprint author), AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PLANT BREEDING,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1007/BF00025224 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GV267 UT WOS:A1991GV26700003 ER PT J AU OARD, JH HU, J RUTGER, JN AF OARD, JH HU, J RUTGER, JN TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF MALE-STERILITY IN RICE MUTANTS WITH ENVIRONMENTALLY INFLUENCED LEVELS OF FERTILITY SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS; MALE STERILITY; ORYZA-SATIVA; POLLEN; RICE ID RECURRENT SELECTION AB Twenty-six male sterile plants grown in the field were recovered in the M7 generation from ethyl methane sulfonate-treated material of the rice cultivar M-201. Fertility increased five-fold when ratooned plants from the field were grown in a growth chamber with a 12 hour daylength. Crosses between mutant and normal fertile cultivars produced fertile F1 plants. F1 male fertility was normal as judged by percent seed set from unbagged panicles of parental and recombinant lines. Transgressive segregation for fertility was observed for all crosses in the F2 and F3 generations. Five of 37 F3 male sterile plants showed moderate levels of seed fertility under winter greenhouse conditions and reduced seed set when transplanted to summer field plots. Fertility data from reciprocal crosses suggested cytoplasmic factors had little or no effect on levels of male sterility in the mutant lines. Chi-squared analyses of F2 and F3 generation results indicated male sterility of the mutants is conditioned by two nuclear genes with epistatic effects. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP OARD, JH (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,104 STURGIS HALL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1007/BF00025231 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GV267 UT WOS:A1991GV26700010 ER PT J AU LOGRIECO, A PETERSON, SW BOTTALICO, A AF LOGRIECO, A PETERSON, SW BOTTALICO, A TI PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF THE SPECIES IN FUSARIUM SECTION SPOROTRICHIELLA SO EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Note DE FUSARIUM SPECIES; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; RIBOSOMAL RNA COMPARISON; TRICHOTHECENES ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEQUENCE; GENE C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP LOGRIECO, A (reprint author), CNR,IST TOSSINE & MICOTOSSINE PARASSITI VEGETALI,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. OI Logrieco, Antonio Francesco/0000-0002-8606-451X NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5975 J9 EXP MYCOL JI Exp. Mycol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1016/0147-5975(91)90018-9 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA FT141 UT WOS:A1991FT14100009 ER PT J AU FLORES, CI CLARK, RB GOURLEY, LM AF FLORES, CI CLARK, RB GOURLEY, LM TI GENOTYPIC VARIATION OF PEARL-MILLET FOR GROWTH AND YIELD ON ACID SOIL SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Genotypes of plant species need to be assessed for ability to grow with fairly severe acid soil constraints. Twenty pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R. Br.) genotypes were grown on an ultisol (Typic Palehumult) with 60% Al saturation and on an oxisol (Tropeptic Haplustox) with 53% Al saturation in Colombia, South America, to determine the effects of acid soil factors on growth-and-yield-component traits. Five of the genotypes were also grown on the acid ultisol at 50% Al saturation. The mean grain-yields of the genotypes grown on both soils ranged from 2260 to 3820 kg ha-1. Plants grown on the oxisol had slightly higher yields than plants grown on the ultisol. Grain yield, grain plant-1, seed plant-1 and head length decreased, and days to flower, number of tillers, plant height, head diameter and seed weight were unaffected when plants were grown on the relatively severe acid soils. Pearl millet genotypes grew relatively well on the fairly severe acid soils. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(91)90010-S PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FT899 UT WOS:A1991FT89900010 ER PT J AU RICHARD, EP DUNCKELMAN, JW CARTER, CE AF RICHARD, EP DUNCKELMAN, JW CARTER, CE TI PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE ON NARROW ROWS, AS AFFECTED BY MECHANICAL HARVESTING SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The growth-and-yield response of the six major commercial sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrids) cultivars to mechanical culture and harvesting on row-spacings of 0.9, 1.2 or 1.8 m (conventional) was investigated in Louisiana. In the plant-cane crop, millable stalk populations for all cultivars were 32% and 17% greater at the 0.9- and 1.2-m spacings, respectively, compared with the 1.8-m spacing. Differences in stalk populations among row-spacings decreased with successive harvests of the stubble crops. By the second-stubble crop, only the cultivar CP 70-330 continued to show a significant increase in stalk populations at the 0.9-m row-spacing. Whole-stalk mechanical harvesters adapted to the narrower spacings minimized stubble destruction observed in earlier studies, but appeared to be less efficient in gathering and piling stalks for weighing. As a result, standing cane yield (tonnage) responses were similar for all cultivars, and were significantly higher at the 0.9- and 1.2-m spacings only in the plant-cane crop. When standing cane yields were averaged over the crop cycle, significant increases in yield occurred only for CP 65-357 (0.9-m), CP 70-321 (1.2 m), and CP 70-330 (0.9 m) when the row spacing was narrowed, indicating that cultivar selection may also affect row-spacing responses under mechanical culture and harvesting conditions. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894. RP RICHARD, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(91)90012-K PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FT899 UT WOS:A1991FT89900012 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR GROSS, HR AF WISEMAN, BR GROSS, HR TI YOUNG,JOHN,R. - ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGIST SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH AB Dr. John R. Young, USDA-ARS-IBPMRL (retired), developed chemical and autocidal strategies for controlling the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in corn and sorghum. Dr. Young's career spanned 30+ years with USDA during which time he published more than 100 articles in professional and/or popular journals. Dr. Young was one of the founders of the Fall Armyworm Conference, from which 133 recorded presentations and 57 articles by conferees have been published. Dr. Young pioneered principles and methodologies for the safe, economical, and efficient management of economic insect species through "insectigation"--the application of pesticides in irrigation water. John has been one of the discipline's true "Economic Entomologists." RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,IBPMRL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.2307/3495296 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300003 ER PT J AU PAIR, SD RAULSTON, JR WESTBROOK, JK WOLF, WW ADAMS, SD AF PAIR, SD RAULSTON, JR WESTBROOK, JK WOLF, WW ADAMS, SD TI FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) OUTBREAK ORIGINATING IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY, 1989 SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INSECT MIGRATION; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; INFESTATIONS; AREA AB Ecological, meteorological, and radar evidence indicated that 200,000 ha of irrigated corn grown in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas and northeastern Mexico served as a primary source of migrant fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), that severely impacted crops at Corpus Christi and on the High Plains of Texas during the summer of 1989. Based on soil samples taken in 100 corn fields in the region which yielded an average of 3.97 pupae/m2 of soil, an estimated 7.94 billion FAW adults were available for transport from the LRGV during late June and early July. A similar study conducted in 40 fields of 16,200 ha of corn grown 400 km NNW of the LRGV near Uvalde, Texas yielded populations averaging 0.39 pupae/m2 which likely produced approximately 0.06 billion FAW adults. In the LRGV 15.9% of the adults had emerged during June 5-13 while no FAW adults had emerged at Uvalde June 19-21, thus indicating that the major FAW emergence events in the LRGV preceded those at Uvalde. Large numbers of FAW were captured in pheromone traps at Uvalde on the night of June 21 in the absence of local emergence, suggesting an influx of migrants from the LRGV. Concurrently, pheromone traps indicated large influxes of FAW on the Texas High Plains. Subsequent reports indicated unusually early FAW infestations at Ankey, Iowa and at Columbia, Missouri. Ground-based and airborne RADARS detected the maximum aerial density of insects emanating from the LRGV on the night of June 20. Calculated trajectories indicated that weather transport systems were available for displacement of passive objects to the High Plains (1000 km) and to Ankeny, Iowa (1900 km). This study constitutes the first reported evidence of long-distance FAW migration from a defined source area to directly impact crops in remote areas. Mature corn in the LRGV is proposed as a major contributory source of migrant FAW in the Central U.S. C1 SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SUBTROP COTTON INSECTS UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP PAIR, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.2307/3495298 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300005 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM ON DIETS CONTAINING RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE CORN SILKS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH AB Growth and development of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith), larvae on pinto bean diet containing dry corn, Zea mays L., silks of resistant, 'Zapalote Chico', or susceptible, 'Stowell's Evergreen', at 0, 18.75, 37.50, and 67.0 mg silk/ml diet were evaluated at 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C. Weight of larvae that fed on resistant and susceptible silk-diets averaged 38 and 205 mg, respectively. At 20-degrees-C, the weight of larvae that fed on various concentrations of silk/diet did not differ between the resistant and susceptible genotypes or among the various concentrations within each corn genotype. However, at 20-degrees-C, significant differences were found between the resistant and susceptible for development time, weight of pupae and time to adult eclosion for larvae that fed on various concentrations of silk/diet. Significant differences were consistently recorded for all characters measured (P < 0.05) between the resistant 'Zapalote Chico' and susceptible 'Stowell's Evergreen' at 25 and 30-degrees-C. Larvae failed to develop to pupae at the highest concentration (67.0 mg/ml) of resistant silks at 20, 25, or 30-degrees-C. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.2307/3495299 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300006 ER PT J AU ISENHOUR, DJ WISEMAN, BR AF ISENHOUR, DJ WISEMAN, BR TI FALL ARMYWORM RESISTANCE IN PROGENY OF MAIZE PLANTS REGENERATED VIA TISSUE-CULTURE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID NOCTUIDAE RESISTANCE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; LEPIDOPTERA; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; CORN; DIET AB Plant regeneration of maize genotypes known to be resistant to leaf-feeding by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was attempted via somatic embryogenesis. Successful regeneration from callus tissue cultures was achieved for the maize genotypes 'Antigua 2D-118', 'MpSWCB-4', 'Mp496', and some selected single crosses. Progeny from these regenerates were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions for their levels of resistance to fall armyworm leaf-feeding as compared to their respective non-regenerated parental lines. Significant differences in resistance to leaf-feeding by the fall armyworm were observed between the regenerated and non-regenerated lines. Differences were of a positive as well as a negative nature in regards to the levels of resistance in the regenerates as compared to their non-regenerated parental line. This is further evidence of the potential of somaclonal variation for obtaining agronomically useful traits for crop improvement, in this instance plant resistance to insect attack. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP ISENHOUR, DJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.2307/3495300 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300007 ER PT J AU GROSS, HR PAIR, SD AF GROSS, HR PAIR, SD TI SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION, RESPONSE TO HOST DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND SCREENED-CAGE PERFORMANCE OF ARCHYTAS-MARMORATUS (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) AND OPHION-FLAVIDUS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE) ON SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPETIMORPHA-INTROITA; PARASITOIDS; CORN; SMITH,J.E.; PREDATORS AB Laboratory and field studies with Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) and Ophion flavidus Brulle were designed to provide a better understanding of their individual and combined impact on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The highest percentage of natural parasitism by A. marmoratus and O. flavidus on S. frugiperda occurred from late April through mid-June during 1985-1986 near Tifton, Georgia. Ophion flavidus parasitized 4th, 5th, and 6th instars with equal success, but were minimally successful in completing development on late 6th instars. Archytas marmoratus were equally successful in completing development on 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th instars. When S. frugiperda were multiply parasitized, A. marmoratus did not successfully complete with O. flavidus. When two A. marmoratus and two O. flavidus females, or four A. marmoratus and four O. flavidus females were released against 5-6th instar S. frugiperda in whorl-stage corn within 1.8 x 1.8 x 1.8 m screened cages, the number of emerged S. frugiperda adults of the subsequent generation was reduced by 50.6 and 92.1%, respectively. With the development of economical methods for mass propagation of A. marmoratus and/or O. flavidus, will come primary opportunities for advancing biologically based strategies for managing S. frugiperda. RP GROSS, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.2307/3495302 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300009 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE SIMMONS, AM MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE SIMMONS, AM MARTI, OG TI NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE - AN ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE OF FALL ARMYWORM ADULTS IN THE TROPICAL AMERICA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; APHELENCHOIDIDAE; MOTHS AB Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain is an ectoparasitic nematode that attacks the adult stage of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and a few other species of Noctuidae. The nematode is widely distributed in the neotropics from French Guiana to Florida through the Caribbean Basin, and from Colombia, South America to Texas, North America through mainland countries. Both incidence and intensity of host infestation by N. guyanense are greater in Caribbean Basin countries than in the mainland countries. Low relative humidity and low and high temperature adversely impact N. guyanense population dynamics in the laboratory. Infestation by N. guyanense exhibits an insidious, chronic pathogenicity in hosts. The biology of N. guyanense and its acute pathogenicity and mechanics of transmission among hosts remain virtually unknown. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.2307/3495303 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300010 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR AF CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR TI EFFECT OF VARIOUS CHEMIGATION METHODOLOGIES ON SUPPRESSION OF THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN CORN SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH AB Studies were conducted in Tifton, Georgia during 1989 to compare the effectiveness of center-pivot irrigation sprinkler packages and various formulations of insecticides for the control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), infesting corn. Chemigation with Whirl-jet (E53) sprinklers provided better control of the pest than impact sprinklers or a Pass system. Chemigation with whirl-jet sprinklers controlled fall armyworm as well as a conventional hi-clearance sprayer. Asana XL 0.66 EC + oil chemigated with an irrigation simulator provided the most consistent control of fall armyworm larvae in whorl stage corn when compared with Asana XL + water, Lorsban 4E + oil, Lorsban 4E + water, Lorsban 6 (tech.) + oil, Larvin 3.2 + oil, and Larvin 3.2 + water. All tested materials resulted in significant reductions in fall armyworm damage to the whorls of corn. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.2307/3495306 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300013 ER PT J AU SUMNER, HR CHALFANT, RB COCHRAN, D AF SUMNER, HR CHALFANT, RB COCHRAN, D TI INFLUENCE OF CHEMIGATION PARAMETERS ON FALL ARMYWORM CONTROL IN FIELD CORN SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP AT THE 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 08, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH AB The application of pesticides in irrigation water (chemigation) is developing into a highly efficient and economical pest management strategy as the influence of application parameters are understood. In the current study, the effects of main-line water velocity, injection port direction, and sprinkler nozzle type were evaluated with two rates of chlorpyrifos to control fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn grown under 0.6 ha center pivot irrigation systems. Chlorpyrifos injected into a main-line water velocity of 2.7 m/s generally gave as good or better fall armyworm control than when injected into a water velocity of 0.9 m/s regardless of sprinkler type. Upstream injection of chlorpyrifos formulated in non-emulsifiable oil resulted in better control of fall armyworm than did downstream injection. Chlorpyrifos applied with a 360-degrees spray sprinkler with coarse plates and nozzle orifice diam. between 3.6 and 9.5 mm at a main-line water velocity of 0.9 m/s gave the poorest fall armyworm control while an impact sprinkler gave the best control. The formulation droplet breakup in the main line and at the sprinkler were important factors in the distribution of insecticides to the target. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP SUMNER, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.2307/3495307 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300014 ER PT J AU GOULD, WP VONWINDEGUTH, DL AF GOULD, WP VONWINDEGUTH, DL TI GAMMA-IRRADIATION AS A QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR CARAMBOLAS INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Carambolas infested with the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), eggs and larvae were exposed to ionizing gamma radiation. Probit 9 was estimated to be 22.95 Gy (95% fiducial limits 16.68 Gy - 49.73 Gy). Over 100,000 immature A. suspensa infesting carambolas were treated at 50 Gy with no adult survivors. This dose did not cause any observable damage to the fruit. The 50 Gy dose satisfies quarantine requirements for treatment of fruits exposed from fruit fly infested areas. RP GOULD, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.2307/3495309 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300016 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE BUCKMIRE, KU GRAY, B MONKMAN, KD PANTOJA, A RAULSTON, JR WADDILL, VH AF SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE BUCKMIRE, KU GRAY, B MONKMAN, KD PANTOJA, A RAULSTON, JR WADDILL, VH TI SEASONAL CHRONOLOGY OF NOCTUIDONEMA, AN ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE OF ADULT MOTHS, IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL AMERICA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; GUYANENSE NEMATODA; APHELENCHOIDIDAE AB Male moths of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were examined for Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain, an ectoparasitic nematode of adult Lepidoptera, during a 1-year (mid-September 1988 to mid-September 1989) study at locations in tropical and subtropical America (Hamilton, Bermuda; Belle Glade, Florida; St. Georges, Grenada; Panama, Republic of Panama; Isabela, Puerto Rico; and Weslaco, Texas) and in Tifton, Georgia. Host parasitism and nematode population density varied among locations and over time. Overall parasitism of S. frugiperda males averaged about 30%, with about 30 nematodes per parasitized moth. However, parasitism averaged 77% in Grenada, but only about 1% in Texas. Nematodes were more numerous at lower latitudes than higher latitudes. Nematode densities were correlated with temperature and humidity. However, because seasonal fluctuations of nematode populations occurred at locations with fairly stable climatic conditions, other factors (e.g., host migration and age of the host) may also affect the nematode populations. RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.2307/3495312 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300019 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RN SNOW, JW AF WILLIAMS, RN SNOW, JW TI ANNOTATED-BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GRAPE ROOT BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, SESIIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Bibliography AB An annotated bibliography of the grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris) is presented. The entries include information on the biology, control, damage impact, distribution, and importance of the species in the eastern United States. This pest is of growing importance to the commercial grape industry. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP WILLIAMS, RN (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 320 EP 334 DI 10.2307/3495313 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300020 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, GL AF SNODGRASS, GL TI DERAECORIS-NEBULOSUS (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE) - LITTLE KNOWN PREDATOR IN COTTON IN THE MISSISSIPPI-DELTA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A population of the predaceous mirid, Deraecoris nebulosus (Uhler), was sampled in cotton infested with the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, at Stoneville, Mississippi during July and August 1988. During this period the population density of this mirid reached 14 nymphs and adults per meter of row (> 137,000 per ha). Adults and nymphs were frequently observed in the field feeding on cotton aphids. In laboratory feeding tests adults averaged feeding on as many as 7 cotton aphids, or 26 eggs of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), per day. First instar larvae of the tobacco budworm and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), were also accepted as food. These results show that this mirid should be considered a beneficial insect in cotton and that it may occur in numbers large enough to have an impact on populations of pest insects. RP SNODGRASS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.2307/3495315 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300022 ER PT J AU KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS AF KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS TI TOXICITY OF HYDRAMETHYLNON TO LABORATORY AND FIELD STRAINS OF GERMAN-COCKROACH (ORTHOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; AMERICAN AB Hydramethylnon was fed nonchoice to German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), and LT50s and LC50s were calculated by probit analysis. The LT50s for the Orlando normal strain of German cockroach ranged from 4.47-9.95 days as the concentration of hydramethylnon in the bait decreased from 1.0% to 0.05%. The LC50s of hydramethylnon for the Orlando normal strain decreased from 0.267% to 0.05% as the time to achieve 50% mortality increased from 6 to 10 days. The House of Representatives, DC (HRDC) strain of organophosphate and carbamate insecticide resistant cockroaches had no resistance to hydramethylnon; whereas the Jacksonville strain had low-level resistance at bait concentrations > 0.1%, due to avoidance of the treated bait. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP KOEHLER, PG (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.2307/3495316 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300023 ER PT J AU KEHAT, M MITCHELL, ER HEATH, RR AF KEHAT, M MITCHELL, ER HEATH, RR TI EFFECT OF BAIT ON CAPTURE OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS MALES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN 2 DIFFERENT TRAPS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; FORMULATIONS; MOTH; COMPONENTS; SUBSTRATE C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 362 EP 365 DI 10.2307/3495320 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300027 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DF WHELAN, P AF WILLIAMS, DF WHELAN, P TI POLYGYNOUS COLONIES OF SOLENOPSIS-GEMINATA (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) IN THE GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; WASMANNIA-AUROPUNCTATA; INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; INVASION C1 CHARLES DARWIN RES STN,GALAPAGOS ISL,ECUADOR. RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.2307/3495322 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX153 UT WOS:A1991FX15300029 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE GRISAMORE, SB AF INGLETT, GE GRISAMORE, SB TI MALTODEXTRIN FAT SUBSTITUTE LOWERS CHOLESTEROL SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 CONAGRA SPECIALTY GRAIN PROD CO,NEW PROD DEV,OMAHA,NE 68103. RP INGLETT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 6 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FR170 UT WOS:A1991FR17000010 ER PT J AU PHELPS, JE CHEN, PYS AF PHELPS, JE CHEN, PYS TI WOOD AND DRYING PROPERTIES OF WHITE OAK FROM THINNED AND UNTHINNED PLANTATIONS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to examine selected wood and drying properties of white oak (Quercus alba L.) trees removed from plantations in southern Illinois. Trees from two stands, established about 1939, with similar site indexes, were harvested in February 1988. One stand had been thinned in 1973; the other stand had not been thinned. We examined properties of 10 codominant (13- to 14-in. diameter at breast height DBH)) and 10 intermediate (9- to 10-in. DBH) size trees within each stand. The amount of heartwood among trees within a stand was not significantly different. Heartwood amounts in trees from the unthinned stand averaged 84 percent; amounts in trees from the thinned stand averaged 81 percent. Growth rates and specific gravity (SG) were not significantly different among size groups of trees between stands. As expected, we observed significantly greater diameter growth rate after thinning in the intermediate-sized trees, but did not see this in the codominant trees. Trends in SG from pith to bark were similar regardless of tree size or stand of origin. When boards were dried from green (about 57%) to 7 percent moisture content we observed significant differences in board thickness shrinkage between the thinned stand and unthinned stand. No significant differences were noted in board width shrinkage. Tree size had a greater influence on lumber grades than did stand or management effects. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP PHELPS, JE (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FR315 UT WOS:A1991FR31500007 ER PT J AU ROSS, RJ PELLERIN, RF AF ROSS, RJ PELLERIN, RF TI NDE OF GREEN MATERIAL WITH STRESS WAVES - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS USING DIMENSION LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Longitudinal stress wave nondestructive evaluation techniques have proven to be an accurate means of evaluating the quality of wood-based products. Prior research has shown strong relationships between stress wave parameters and static mechanical properties of dry wood-based materials. This research provides some positive evidence that these techniques may be used to presort structural wood materials prior to drying. Literature dealing with stress wave and wood moisture content (MC) relationships has revealed that stress wave speed responds to changes in wood MC in a manner similar to that of other wood properties. This paper reports an experimental program designed to examine the relationship between stress wave characteristics and the static modulus of elasticity of green Douglas-fir dimension lumber. Strong correlative relationships exist between stress wave modulus of elasticity values and those obtained from static bending tests. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,STRUCT ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99163. RP ROSS, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FR315 UT WOS:A1991FR31500015 ER PT J AU HOLMES, TP AF HOLMES, TP TI PRICE AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF CATASTROPHIC FOREST DAMAGE FROM SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE EPIDEMICS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INTERVENTION ANALYSIS; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; TIME SERIES ID TRENDS AB Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) epidemics are periodically responsible for catastrophic levels of mortality to southern yellow pine forests. Traditional forest damage appraisal techniques developed for site specific economic analysis are theoretically weak since they do not consider aggregate impacts across ecosystems and related markets. Because the traditional model estimates losses only to producers with damaged forests, it provides misleading information from a distributional standpoint by ignoring impacts on producers with undamaged forests and timber consumers. An economic model of timber supply and demand is introduced and used to develop a new technique for estimating short-run market level impacts of catastrophic forest damages. The null hypothesis that catastrophic disruption of forest ecosystem production has no effect on timber markets is tested using intervention analysis and data on the recent Texas-Louisiana epidemic. Parameter estimates are used to compute short-run changes in economic welfare for producers on damaged forests, producers on undamaged forests, and timber consumers. Principal findings are: (1) changes in social welfare resulting from catastrophic damage to standing timber across forest ecosystems requires market-level analysis, and (2) the net change in economic welfare resulting from insect epidemics is unambiguously negative. RP HOLMES, TP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 500 EP 516 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FP973 UT WOS:A1991FP97300006 ER PT J AU WEAR, DN NEWMAN, DH AF WEAR, DN NEWMAN, DH TI THE STRUCTURE OF FORESTRY PRODUCTION - SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN RESULTS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST PRODUCTION; DUALITY; RESTRICTED PROFIT FUNCTION ID ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; PROFIT FUNCTION; SUBSTITUTION AB This paper extends the study of regional forestry production to address long-run production possibilities using a restricted profit function approach. The model consists of two outputs, sawtimber and pulpwood; one variable input, regeneration effort; and two quasi-fixed inputs, land and growing stock. Estimation is performed using cross-sectional data of industrial timber production in the southeastern United States. Estimated values include own- and cross-price elasticities between inputs and outputs, Hicksian elasticities of substitution, shadow prices of the quasi-fixed factors, and long-run Marshallian elasticities. While short-run supply elasticities are consistent with earlier studies, long-run results show much greater supply responses as land and management inputs are given time to adjust. These results also suggest that ambiguous results regarding pulpwood and sawtimber substitutability found in previous studies can be explained by a shift from complementarity in the short run to substitutability in the long run. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP WEAR, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Newman, David/A-9202-2009 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 540 EP 551 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FP973 UT WOS:A1991FP97300009 ER PT J AU HAAS, TC AF HAAS, TC TI A BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORK ADVISORY SYSTEM FOR ASPEN REGENERATION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; RULE-BASED SYSTEMS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; DIRECTED GRAPHS ID EXPERT AB The probability-based Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) methodology is demonstrated to be an alternative to rule-based methods in forest management expert systems. Unlike a rule-based system, a BBN incorporates uncertainty in the knowledge and input data without sacrificing knowledge modularity. After reviewing the graph and probability theory needed to define a BBN as a joint distribution representable by a directed acyclic graph, an 11-variable network modeling Rocky Mountain aspen sucker density response to different management options is constructed. For a typical aspen site, the model's estimated marginal probabilities of sucker response exhibit values consistent with those expected. Finally, a BBN is shown to be fairly tolerant to small parameter errors, and a new method is given for BBN model validation. RP HAAS, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 627 EP 654 PG 28 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FP973 UT WOS:A1991FP97300015 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY MALATY, HM EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ KLEIN, PD ADAM, E AF GRAHAM, DY MALATY, HM EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ KLEIN, PD ADAM, E TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI IN AN ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION IN THE UNITED-STATES - EFFECT OF AGE, RACE, AND SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANISM CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORIDIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; UREA BREATH TEST; GASTRIC-MUCOSA; CLINICAL CORRELATIONS; C-PYLORI; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY C1 BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00350]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 47 TC 754 Z9 771 U1 1 U2 18 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1501 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA FL375 UT WOS:A1991FL37500001 PM 2019355 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY OPEKUN, A LEW, GM KLEIN, PD WALSH, JH AF GRAHAM, DY OPEKUN, A LEW, GM KLEIN, PD WALSH, JH TI HELICOBACTER-PYLORI ASSOCIATED EXAGGERATED GASTRIN-RELEASE IN DUODENAL-ULCER PATIENTS - THE EFFECT OF BOMBESIN INFUSION AND UREA INGESTION SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; INFECTION; ACIDITY C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,CTR ULCER RES & EDUC,LOS ANGELES,CA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41301, DK17294, DK39919] NR 18 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1575 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA FL375 UT WOS:A1991FL37500011 PM 2019363 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY LIDSKY, MD COX, AM EVANS, DJ EVANS, DG ALPERT, L KLEIN, PD SESSOMS, SL MICHALETZ, PA SAEED, ZA AF GRAHAM, DY LIDSKY, MD COX, AM EVANS, DJ EVANS, DG ALPERT, L KLEIN, PD SESSOMS, SL MICHALETZ, PA SAEED, ZA TI LONG-TERM NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG-USE AND HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; THERAPY; DISEASE; MUCOSA C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK39919] NR 16 TC 161 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1657 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA FL375 UT WOS:A1991FL37500022 PM 2019371 ER PT J AU LUBBERS, EL GILL, KS COX, TS GILL, BS AF LUBBERS, EL GILL, KS COX, TS GILL, BS TI VARIATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS AMONG GEOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE ACCESSIONS OF TRITICUM-TAUSCHII SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GERM PLASM; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; DIVERSITY; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM; D-GENOME DONOR; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; WORLD COLLECTION; PEARL-MILLET AB Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (genome DD), a diploid progenitor of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD), grows across large areas of southwest Asia and contains more genetic variability for disease and insect resistance, isozymes, and seed storage proteins than the D genome of T. aestivum. To study patterns of variability at a large number of loci, we determined restriction fragment length polymorphism genotypes at 25 loci in a germ-plasm collection of 102 T. tauschii accessions. All accessions were homozygous at all loci, so "alleles" and "genotypes" were equivalent. Twenty loci were polymorphic, with two to six genotypes per locus and polymorphic indexes ranging from 0.06 to 0.74. Linkage disequilibrium was widespread. On the basis of Hedrick's probability of genotypic identity, botanical varieties T. t. ssp. eusquarrosa var. typica and T. t. ssp. eusquarrosa var. anathera were very similar to each other, as were T. t. ssp. strangulata and T. t. ssp. eusquarrosa var. meyeri, with a large genetic distance between these two pairs of taxonomic groups. Genetic variability for molecular markers was highest near the Caspian Sea, intermediate in Afghanistan, and lowest in Turkey and Pakistan. Genetic and geographical distances were related and generally consistent with the hypothesis that T. tauschii originated near the southern or southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea. Unique genotypes were found in most regions. The results of this study, along with data on economically relevant traits, will provide a basis for selecting breeding parents from the T. tauschii germ-plasm collection. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & ENTOMOL RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 49 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 354 EP 361 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA FV047 UT WOS:A1991FV04700007 ER PT J AU GILL, KS LUBBERS, EL GILL, BS RAUPP, WJ COX, TS AF GILL, KS LUBBERS, EL GILL, BS RAUPP, WJ COX, TS TI A GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP OF TRITICUM-TAUSCHII (DD) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE D-GENOME OF BREAD WHEAT (AABBDD) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; LEAF RUST; ISOZYMES; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; REPETITIVE DNA; COMMON WHEAT; HESSIAN FLY; LEAF RUST; PLANT DNA; PROBES; CHROMOSOMES AB One hundred and seventy-eight loci have been mapped in Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (2n = 14, DD) and Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. (2n = 42, AABBDD). Thirty-five loci were mapped by aneuploid analysis in T. aestivum. One hundred and fifty-two loci, including 143 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), 8 proteins, and 1 leaf rust resistance gene, were mapped in an F2 population (60 plants) of T. tauschii. One hundred and twenty-seven loci were placed in linkage groups belonging to seven D-genome chromosomes of T. tauschii. The source of the probes was a PstI genomic library of T. tauschii, which gave 13% single-low copy clones. Four restriction endonucleases (DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII) gave 75% polymorphism between the two parents. Nineteen clones detected multiloci ranging from two to nine in number. Deletions-insertions and point mutations were equally important for generating RFLPs. A hypervariable sequence was identified, which may have potential use in varietal fingerprinting. One marker was found to be linked to a rust-resistance gene. The map will be useful for determining genetic relationships in the Triticeae and for tagging genes of economic importance. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 59 TC 257 Z9 297 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 362 EP 374 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA FV047 UT WOS:A1991FV04700008 ER PT J AU YU, MH PAKISH, LM SAUNDERS, JW AF YU, MH PAKISH, LM SAUNDERS, JW TI ASSOCIATION OF A NEMATODE RESISTANCE BEARING ADDITION CHROMOSOME WITH A RECURRING LEAF INTUMESCENCE SOMACLONAL VARIATION IN SUGAR-BEET SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE SOMACLONAL VARIATION; LEAF INTUMESCENCE; NEMATODE RESISTANCE; MONOSOMIC ADDITION; BETA-VULGARIS L ID BETA-VULGARIS; MONOSOMIC ADDITIONS; CYST NEMATODE; TOMATO PLANTS; REGISTRATION; TRANSMISSION; IMPROVEMENT; PROCUMBENS; MORPHOLOGY; INDUCTION AB Intumescent leaf variants of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were obtained through callus culture of a monosomic addition that carried resistance to Heterodera schachtii Schm. The frothy pockmarked appearance of the leaf surface was due to hyperplastic growth of the mesophyll and epidermal cells. The epidermis had many malformed stomata. Veins were underdeveloped, but protrusions beneath were pronounced. Intumescence occurred in 20.3% of the regenerated plants and it was heritable to F1 and later progeny. Leaf intumescence is a new phenotype for Beta. About 73.5% of regenerants contained the donor somatic chromosome number, the remainder were doubled or mixoploids, with no chromosome losses apparent. The 38-chromosome intumescent plant represents a dual somaclonal variation, chromosome doubling and leaf intumescence. Progeny of the 19- and 38-chromosome intumescent plants intercrossed or pollinated by diploids or tetraploids had 9, 18, 19, 27, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, or 39 chromosomes. All intumescent plants were aneuploids with the monosome addition. There were linkages for leaf intumescence (Li), resistance to H. schachtii (Hs), and hypocotyl color (R(pro)) on the addition chromosome. The efficacy of Hs remained intact through the in vitro culture and succeeding crosses. The Li-bearing plants manifested depressed growth and markedly reduced seed set. Leaf intumescence was thought to be the alternative expression of galling potential of Beta procumbens Chr. Sm. germ plasm. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP YU, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 477 EP 485 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA FV047 UT WOS:A1991FV04700022 ER PT J AU BERDANIER, CR ROSS, SJ GROSSMAN, RB AF BERDANIER, CR ROSS, SJ GROSSMAN, RB TI SOIL-WATER CAPACITY PREDICTION SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article AB Wet soils, those with low-tension water, are defined as soils holding water at a tension of 10 hPa or less. Data from soil clods equilibrated at 5 hPa absorption tension were used to develop a regression equation for predicting the water contents of wet soils. A test using a different set of noncorrelated data showed good agreement between results as predicted by the equation and measured values of soil water at 5 hPa. Soil clods equilibrated at 5 hPa tension held water that approximated the water quantity held after free wetting. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68508. RP BERDANIER, CR (reprint author), USDA,S NATL TECH CTR,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FT WORTH,TX, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN PY 1991 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(91)90092-8 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FT281 UT WOS:A1991FT28100004 ER PT J AU HAO, WM SCHARFFE, D LOBERT, JM CRUTZEN, PJ AF HAO, WM SCHARFFE, D LOBERT, JM CRUTZEN, PJ TI EMISSIONS OF N2O FROM THE BURNING OF BIOMASS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; NITROUS-OXIDE; COMBUSTION SOURCES; TRENDS; BUDGETS; RATES AB Fifteen experiments were conducted in an open burning system to determine the amounts of N2O produced from burning savanna grass (Venezuelan Trachypogon, Australian Sorghum intrans), straw, hay, oak, pine needles and litter of pine forest. Samples in stainless steel canisters were analyzed within one day after sampling in order to avoid artifact N2O formation during storage. Emissions of N2O were observed to be nearly coincident with the emissions of CO2 during the burning period for all the experiments. The amount of N2O produced was dependent on the nitrogen content of the biomass. About 0.7% of the fuel nitrogen was oxidized to N2O and most of the N2O was formed during the flaming stage. Using our experimental data and the amounts of different types of vegetation burned globally per year, we estimate that about 2.7 x 10(11) g of N2O-N are produced per year from burning biomass, contributing only 2% to the global source of N2O. C1 MAX PLANCK INST CHEM,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. RP HAO, WM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN FIRE SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. RI Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1002 DI 10.1029/90GL02583 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FR190 UT WOS:A1991FR19000004 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, DT CRAWFORD, HS HUNTER, ML AF JENNINGS, DT CRAWFORD, HS HUNTER, ML TI PREDATION BY AMPHIBIANS AND SMALL MAMMALS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Stomach-content analyses of pitfall-trapped amphibians and small mammals showed that the eastern American toad, Bufo americanus americanus, and the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, preyed on late instars and moths of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. The spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, and the masked shrew, Sorex cinereus, also preyed on late instars of the spruce budworm. RP JENNINGS, DT (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FZ833 UT WOS:A1991FZ83300002 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC AF PEKAS, JC TI SPECIFIC-HEAT OUTPUT (SHO) OF VISCERAL ORGANS TISSUES - THE HYPOTHESIS AND 1ST ESTIMATIONS SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE FASTING HEAT PRODUCTION; METABOLISM; VISCERA; STOMACH; INTESTINE; PANCREAS; LIVER; KIDNEYS; CALORIMETRY; SWINE ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MAINTENANCE; LACTATION; SIZE AB It was hypothesized that each organ/tissue has a characteristic specific heat output (SHO; kcal/d.g). Heat output (HO; kcal/d) is defined as the product of the SHO and the weight, g, of the organ/tissue. FHP (fasting heat production) is defined as the sum of HO values of all tissues of fasted animals. FHP and organ weight were perturbed by variations of food intake of 48 young swine before FHP and weights of 36 organ/tissue variables were measured. Cluster analysis was used to group the variables and simplify the analyses and indicated that small intestine, kidneys, liver and pancreas were principal sources of FHP. Regression estimates indicated that the SHO of pancreas and kidneys was high (1.1 to 1.9), that of small intestine, liver and colon was intermediate (.21 to .26), and that of stomach and lungs was low (.11 to .14). All other viscera tissues were assumed to have SHO near that for nonviscera, estimated at .0165 kcal/d.g. Mean values of FHP and empty body weight were 1856 kcal/d and 46,651 g respectively; thus the mean SHO value of all tissues was about .04 kcal/d.g. The SHO values of stomach, intestine, colon, pancreas, kidneys, liver and lungs were in the range 3- to 50-fold greater than SHO of the whole body and in the range 7- to 120-fold greater than the estimated SHO of the nonviscera. These findings indicate that the small intestine, liver and kidneys account for about 60% of HO from viscera or about 30% of total FHP. RP PEKAS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SUM PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA GB542 UT WOS:A1991GB54200001 PM 1938047 ER PT J AU VICK, CB KRZYSIK, A WOOD, JE AF VICK, CB KRZYSIK, A WOOD, JE TI ACETYLATED, ISOCYANATE-BONDED FLAKEBOARDS AFTER ACCELERATED AGING - DIMENSIONAL STABILITY AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article AB To improve flakeboard dimensional stability and mechanical properties for long-term exterior exposure, we fabricated and tested a highly durable isocyanate-bonded acetylated flakeboard. Flakeboards were tested for internal bond strength, thickness swell, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and breaking strength in bending, after two severe accelerated aging tests. Flake design, flakeboard density, resin content, and their interactions were critical to the performance of acetylated flakeboards in the aging tests. In bending tests, the longer disc-cut flakes produced much higher strength values than did the ring-cut flakes. In internal bond strength tests, the ring-cut flakes performed comparably to the disc-cut flakes. However, ring-cut flakes contributed somewhat more to reducing thickness swell than did disc-cut flakes. Acetylated flakeboards fabricated at high density were much stronger than those fabricated at low density. However, the high-density boards developed more thickness swell than did the low-density boards. The 5-% resin content contributed little to increased strength values in the bending tests, but this level of resin significantly improved flakeboard performance in internal bond strength and thickness swell tests. Acetylation did not interfere to any practical degree with the isocyanate resin, and all property values were enhanced by acetylation, particularly internal bond strength and resistance to thickness swell. RP VICK, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 49 IS 6 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1007/BF02627538 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA FQ658 UT WOS:A1991FQ65800001 ER PT J AU SPELTER, H TORRESANI, P AF SPELTER, H TORRESANI, P TI MATHEMATICAL-STATISTICAL MODELING OF THE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA German DT Article AB Physical and process manufacturing factors affecting the properties of particleboard were examined and mathematical relationships were derived to predict board modulus of elasticity and internal bond. The equations, derived from a series of previous laboratory investigations, allow the simulation of the effects of various process conditions on final properties of 1/2-inch (12-mm) boards. RP SPELTER, H (reprint author), FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 49 IS 6 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1007/BF02627550 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA FQ658 UT WOS:A1991FQ65800008 ER PT J AU RALPH, J ELDER, TJ EDE, RM AF RALPH, J ELDER, TJ EDE, RM TI THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF GUAIACYL LIGNIN MODEL QUINONE METHIDES SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN MODEL; BETA-ETHER; NMR; NOESY; QUINONE METHIDE; GUAIACYL; MOLECULAR MODELING; STEREOISOMERS; ROTATIONAL BARRIERS ID HINDERED ROTATION; NMR AB Proton and C-13 NMR spectra show clearly that, on the NMR timescale, representative guaiacyl lignin model quinone methides exist as a pair of non-interconverting syn (Z) and anti (E) isomers. Two-dimensional phase-sensitive NOESY spectra indicate clean correlations within each isomer, and no detectable cross-over peaks. Molecular modelling studies predict a rotational activation energy of ca. 48 kcal.mole-1. At these activation energies, coalescence of proton NMR signals from H-2, H-5 and H-6 of guaiacyl quinone methides in CDCl3 cannot occur until > 600-degrees-C and the rotational rates at those temperatures are predicted to be less than 500 s-1. The calculated rotational rate at room temperature is < 10(-22) s-1. Similarly, coalescence of C-13 NMR signals from C2, C5 or C6 cannot occur until at least 670-degrees-C, where the rotational rates are less than 2000 s-1. Consequently it is concluded that, even at 170-degrees-C (pulping temperatures), these quinone methide isomers are not interconverting and will display reactivity differences noted previously at room temperature. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. UNIV WAIKATO,DEPT CHEM,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. RP RALPH, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.3.199 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FV051 UT WOS:A1991FV05100006 ER PT J AU HIGHLEY, TL AF HIGHLEY, TL TI MOVEMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF CHLOROPICRIN, VAPAM, AND METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE IN UNTREATED SOUTHERN PINE AND DOUGLAS-FIR TIMBERS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE FUMIGATION; SOUTHERN PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; CHLOROPICRIN; VAPAM; METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE ID FUMIGANTS; DECAY AB Untreated Douglas-fir and southern pine timbers were inoculated with brown-rot and white-rot fungi as vapor-sensing agents to evaluate the movement and distribution of fungitoxic concentrations of chloropicrin, Vapam, and methylisothiocyanate (MIT). Residual fumigant in timbers was determined by a bioassay with Gloeophyllum trabeum. The fumigants were introduced into 2.54-cm-diameter holes at timber midlength. Fumigants diffused throughout the cross-sectional area of both southern pine and Douglas-fir. The brown- and white-rot fungi generally showed similar tolerance to the fumigants. Chloropicrin killed most fungal cultures in both timbers 0.30 m from the treatment centerline (CL) within 1 week after treatment. Vapam and MIT were effective at 0.30 m from CL by 4 weeks. At 0.61 m from CL, the fumigants were ineffective in killing cultures implanted in southern pine. In Douglas-fir, Vapam was also ineffective at this distance, but chloropicrin and MIT were effective. In both southern pine and Douglas-fir, none of the fumigants killed cultures implanted at 1.22 m from CL. Bioassay of cores removed from fumigated southern pine timbers showed little residual fungistatic effect beyond 0.30 m. Residual fungistatic effect decreased in chloropicrin- and Vapam-treated southern pine 1 year after treatment and was not present in MIT-treated pine at 2 years after treatment. In Douglas-fir, all fumigants showed a residual fungistatic effect at 0.61 m from CL 2 years after treatment. In Vapam-and MIT-treated timbers, the residual fungistatic effect had decreased by 3 years after treatment. By contrast, a residual fungistatic effect was detected in chloropicrin-treated Douglas-fir at 1.22 m from CL at 3 years after treatment, and the effect was still present a year later. RP HIGHLEY, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.3.223 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FV051 UT WOS:A1991FV05100010 ER PT J AU GREANY, PD AF GREANY, PD TI INNOVATIONS IN CULTURING CELLS, TISSUES, AND ENDOPARASITES OF INVERTEBRATES SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP GREANY, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 0073-5655 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV B PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 469 EP 469 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA GB181 UT WOS:A1991GB18100009 ER PT J AU GOODWIN, RH AF GOODWIN, RH TI REPLACEMENT OF VERTEBRATE SERUM WITH LIPIDS AND OTHER FACTORS IN THE CULTURE OF INVERTEBRATE CELLS, TISSUES, PARASITES, AND PATHOGENS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIPID TISSUE SPECIFICITY; ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID NUTRIENT LIPOSOMES; ANTIOXIDANT AND HORMONE SUPPLEMENTS; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID ASYMMETRY; DIFFERENTIATED CELL CULTURE; CELL MEMBRANE METABOLISM; VIRUS REPLICATION ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; SOLUBLE VITAMIN-E; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; TOPOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; PHOSPHOLIPID-METABOLISM; SYNERGISTIC INHIBITION; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES AB Culture medium supplementation with vertebrate serum results in the selection of fibroblastoid insect cell lines and a general decline during continuous subculturing of both morphologic and functional differentiation of the surviving cells. Essential lipid mixtures can substitute for vertebrate serum in the culture of insect and some vertebrate cells, tissues, parasites, and pathogens. The provision of sterols and essential (with nonessential) polyunsaturated fatty acids as phospholipids in oxidation-protected peptoliposomes or proteoliposomes allows cells in culture to duplicate in vivo specific membranes more accurately. Such lipid-corrected membranes allow cultured cells to communicate with neighboring cells through the extracellular matrix, effectively transmit hormonal signals directly and via receptor control, and respond with various tissue-specific functions and differentiation states as directed. RP GOODWIN, RH (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RANGELAND INSECT LAB, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. NR 215 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 0073-5655 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV B PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 470 EP 478 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA GB181 UT WOS:A1991GB18100010 ER PT J AU FERKOVICH, SM OBERLANDER, H AF FERKOVICH, SM OBERLANDER, H TI GROWTH-FACTORS IN INVERTEBRATE INVITRO CULTURE SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GROWTH FACTOR; INVERTEBRATE; INSECT; CELL LINE; POLYPEPTIDE; HEMOLYMPH ID MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MANDUCA-SEXTA; INSULIN; GENE; PURIFICATION; HEMOLYMPH; PROTEIN; VERTEBRATES; MUTATIONS AB An increasing number of polypeptide growth factors have been identified that have proven essential in the development of defined cell culture media for mammalian cell culture. The development of defined mammalian cell culture media, in turn, has provided an environment for studying cell lines in an experimentally manageable unit for studying the action of cellular regulators and genes that determine the properties of cells. Evidence that vertebrate growth factors may be present in insects is based on DNA sequences that encode epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. However, research on the influence of commercially available vertebrate growth factors is very limited. Although the majority of insect growth-promoting substances studied were isolated directly from insect hemolymph, few of these have been purified to the extent that they could be tested in insect cell, tissue, and endoparasite cultures. Research is needed in both of these areas to aid in developing defined insect culture systems, and to understand better the regulation of postembryonic growth and development in insects. RP FERKOVICH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 0073-5655 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV B PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA GB181 UT WOS:A1991GB18100012 PM 1869490 ER PT J AU FINKELMAN, FD URBAN, JF BECKMANN, MP SCHOOLEY, KA HOLMES, JM KATONA, IM AF FINKELMAN, FD URBAN, JF BECKMANN, MP SCHOOLEY, KA HOLMES, JM KATONA, IM TI REGULATION OF MURINE INVIVO IGG AND IGE RESPONSES BY A MONOCLONAL ANTI-IL-4 RECEPTOR ANTIBODY SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLERGY; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; IGD; INTERLEUKIN-4 ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; CELL GROWTH-FACTOR; T-CELL; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; B-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-B; FC-EPSILON; INTERLEUKIN-4; LINES AB Although the cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) stimulates LPS-activated mouse B lymphocytes to secrete both IgG1 and IgE, an anti-IL-4 antibody completely inhibits IgE responses but has little or no effect on several in vivo IgG responses. IL-4 might, therefore, have a restricted role in the generation of in vivo humoral immune responses. Alternatively, IgG1 responses might be stimulated by IL-4 secreted by T cells that are interacting directly with B cells, so that anti-IL-4 antibody cannot neutralize IL-4 before it binds to a B cell IL-4 receptor. In contrast, an antibody that blocks the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) should equally inhibit responses to IL-4 produced proximal to or distant from a B cell. This reasoning led us to determine the ability of an anti-IL-4R mAb to affect antibody production in mice injected with a goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM-delta) or inoculated with the nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anti-IL-4R mAb, like anti-IL-4 mAb, blocked IgE responses by > 95% and enhanced IgG2a responses to a variable extent. Anti-IL-4R mAb, however, had only a modest and variable inhibitory effect on the induction of IgG1 responses, although it caused these responses to terminate more rapidly. A combination of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-4R mAbs totally blocked goat anti-mouse IgD antibody (GaM-delta)-induced IgE production but had no additive inhibitory effect on IgG1 production. These observations are most consistent with the view that IL-4 is required for a primary IgE response, but has relatively little role in the induction of IgG1 responses in the in vivo systems studied. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IMMUNEX CORP,SEATTLE,WA 98101. RP FINKELMAN, FD (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,ROOM A3060,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI21328, AI26150] NR 41 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0953-8178 J9 INT IMMUNOL JI Int. Immunol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 3 IS 6 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1093/intimm/3.6.599 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FR781 UT WOS:A1991FR78100012 PM 1888709 ER PT J AU PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM THOMPSON, MP AF PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM THOMPSON, MP TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN ALPHA-HELICES AND (3)10-HELICES IN GLOBULAR-PROTEINS - REEXAMINATION OF AMIDE-I INFRARED BANDS OF ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN AND THEIR ASSIGNMENT TO SECONDARY STRUCTURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DECONVOLUTION; HELICAL STRUCTURE; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; LYSOZYME; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE ID SPECTRA; POLYPEPTIDES AB We have undertaken a new and more detailed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of alpha-lactalbumin (in D2O solution) aimed at correlating its secondary structures to observed Amide I' infrared bands. The spectra reported here were interpreted in light of the recently determined crystal structure of alpha-lactalbumin and by comparison with the spectra and structure of the homologous protein lysozyme. Of particular importance is the new evidence supporting the assignment of the band at 1639 cm-1 to 3(10)-helices. This assignment is in excellent agreement with one based on theoretical and experimental studies of 3(10)-helical polypeptides. The frequency observed for 3(10)-helices is distinctly different from that at which alpha-helices are typically found (viz., around 1665 cm-1). In the present study, two bands are clearly resolved in the latter region at 1651 and 1659 cm-1. Both are apparently associated with alpha-helices. These results suggest that for D2O solutions of globular proteins, FTIR spectroscopy can be a facile method for detecting the presence of these two different types of helical conformation and distinguishing between them. This provides a distinct advantage over ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy (UV-CD). This work also provides a basis for future studies of alpha-lactalbumin which examine the effects of environment (e.g., pH, temperature) and ligands (e.g., Ca2+, Mn2+) on its conformation. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 19 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0367-8377 J9 INT J PEPT PROT RES JI Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 37 IS 6 BP 508 EP 512 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FT322 UT WOS:A1991FT32200007 PM 1917308 ER PT J AU HONIG, DH WOLF, WJ WOLF, WJ AF HONIG, DH WOLF, WJ WOLF, WJ TI PHYTATE MINERAL PROTEIN-COMPOSITION OF SOYBEANS - GEL-FILTRATION STUDIES OF SOYBEAN-MEAL EXTRACTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; SOY PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PHYTIC ACID; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; CHEMICAL FORM; 7S GLOBULIN; GLYCINE-MAX; SEED; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Defatted soybean flakes were extracted, dialyzed, and chromatographed with Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8, 0.03 M) on Sepharose 6B to investigate associations of essential minerals with specific proteins or phytic acid. Eight fractions (I-VIII) were analyzed for protein and phosphorus compositions, phytic acid, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Protein composition was also characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. Elution of agglutinin was affected by interaction with other extract components and Sepharose. Concentrations of Fe and Ca were highest in fraction IV, which was richest in glycinin and beta-conglycinin. The content of Mn and agglutinin in the dialyzed, gel-filtered extract was in a molar ratio of 1.2, close to that reported in isolated soybean agglutinin. However, 25% of the Mn and 49% of the phytic acid were in fraction VII, where the molar ratio of Mn to agglutinin was 6. Fraction VII also had the highest levels of Mg, P, and Cu per milliliter of eluent. Fraction VIII corresponded to agglutinin. Phytic acid was apparently involved in some protein-mineral associations but not in others. RP HONIG, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1021/jf00006a006 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FT018 UT WOS:A1991FT01800006 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA PHILLIPS, VA AF HEDIN, PA PHILLIPS, VA TI CHEMICAL IONIZATION (METHANE) MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF SUGARS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS) is an effective tool for the identification of sugars and their derivatives, often component parts of natural products. By use of methane as the reagent gas, several classes of sugars including aldoses, fructoses, di- and polysaccharides, deoxy sugars, alcohols, acids, lactones, amines, amides, and glycosides were investigated. The [MH]+ ion was generally present along with a pattern of fragmentation ions that could be used to deduce the structures. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1106 EP 1109 DI 10.1021/jf00006a021 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FT018 UT WOS:A1991FT01800021 ER PT J AU BALDWIN, EA NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BAKER, R SCOTT, JW AF BALDWIN, EA NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BAKER, R SCOTT, JW TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF FLAVOR PARAMETERS IN 6 FLORIDA TOMATO CULTIVARS (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRESH MARKET TOMATOES; AROMA VOLATILES; COMPONENTS; ORIGINS AB Mature green tomato fruits from six Florida-grown tomato cultivars, Duke, Sunny, Solar Set, Bonita, Olympic, and IFAS 7209, were harvested and allowed to ripen at 21-degrees-C. Ripe fruits were homogenized and analyzed for sugar and acid content, and significant differences were found for glucose, fructose, and citric acid. By use of a headspace analysis technique, 17 volatile components were detected and quantified in tomato homogenate. Nine volatile components (hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenal, geranylacetone, acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 1-penten-3-one, methanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole), some of which are reported to be important for fresh tomato flavor, showed significant differences between cultivars. Of the six cultivars tested, Solar Set generally showed the highest volatile levels, while Olympic showed the lowest. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FARMACOL & AGR SCI,FLORIDA GULF COAST RES & EDUC CTR,BRADINGTON,FL 34203. RP BALDWIN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 15 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1140 DI 10.1021/jf00006a029 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FT018 UT WOS:A1991FT01800029 ER PT J AU JACYNO, JM MONTEMURRO, N BATES, AD CUTLER, HG AF JACYNO, JM MONTEMURRO, N BATES, AD CUTLER, HG TI PHYTOTOXIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLOCOLORENONE FROM MAGNOLIA-GRANDIFLORA L SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SESQUITERPENE LACTONES AB Cyclocolorenone, a sesquiterpene ketone of the aromadendrane class, was isolated from Magnolia grandiflora L. by bioassay-directed fractionation and its identity confirmed by UV, IR, NMR, and MS techniques. It showed good growth-inhibitory activity in an etiolated wheat coleoptile assay. Cyclocolorenone was also phytotoxic to greenhouse-grown corn, bean, and tobacco plants and displayed antimicrobial activity. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP JACYNO, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1168 DI 10.1021/jf00006a036 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FT018 UT WOS:A1991FT01800036 ER PT J AU STAPLETON, A ALLEN, PV FRIEDMAN, M BELKNAP, WR AF STAPLETON, A ALLEN, PV FRIEDMAN, M BELKNAP, WR TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLANIDINE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE FROM THE POTATO (SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-D-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; UDP-GLUCOSE; PHOSPHOLIPID-DEPENDENCE; SPINA-BIFIDA; MEDIATED DELIPIDATION; GLYCOALKALOIDS; ALKALOIDS; TERATOGENICITY; GLYCOPROTEIN; SOLANACEAE AB The glycosylations of the spirostanol alkaloid solanidine in potatoes are considered to be the terminal steps in the synthesis of the potentially toxic glycoalkaloids alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. To better define the biosynthetic pathways to Solanum alkaloids, we describe an approximately 600-fold purification of the enzyme solanidine UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase (SGT) to near homogeneity from potato sprouts of the cultivar Lemhi. Purification was achieved by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and FPLC anion-exchange, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing chromatography. The isolation of this enzyme was complicated by its copurification with patatin, the primary tuber storage protein. Separation of the two proteins was achieved only by binding the glycosylated patatin to a concanavalin A affinity resin under conditions where the SGT activity did not bind. Analysis of the purified enzyme by SDS/denaturing-PAGE revealed a major protein band of M(r) 38 000. The native molecular weight of SGT determined by gel filtration chromatography was approximately 36 000, indicating that the native enzyme exists as a monomer. The purified enzyme preparation had a pH optimum of pH 6.4-6.8. Kinetic analysis showed K(m) values of 37-mu-M for UDP-glucose and 20-mu-M for solanidine. The closely related spirosolane alkaloids tomatidine and solasodine were glucosylated at rates 2 and 3 times that of solanidine, respectively, whereas 3-beta-hydroxy steroids lacking a ring nitrogen such as cholesterol, diosgenin, digoxigenin, and beta-sitosterol did not serve as glucose acceptors. No enzymic activity was detected when UDP-galactose was used as a substrate, suggesting either that the pathway to alpha-solanine requires a separate galactosyltransferase activity or that gamma-chaconine (glucosylsolanidine) is first converted to gamma-solanine (galactosylsolanidine) by a specific epimerase. The significance of these findings for the control of the biosynthesis of glycoalkaloids at the molecular level in Solanaceous plants is discussed. RP STAPLETON, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 44 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1193 DI 10.1021/jf00006a040 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FT018 UT WOS:A1991FT01800040 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, WA JUNIEWICZ, PE VONTUNGELN, DL AF PHILLIPS, WA JUNIEWICZ, PE VONTUNGELN, DL TI THE EFFECT OF FASTING, TRANSIT PLUS FASTING, AND ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE ON THE SOURCE AND AMOUNT OF WEIGHT LOST BY FEEDER STEERS OF DIFFERENT AGES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STRESS; FECES; URINE; METABOLITES ID BEEF-CALVES; METABOLIC PROFILE; ZERANOL IMPLANT; PERFORMANCE; DIET; STRESS; TRANSPORT; DEPRIVATION; BEHAVIOR; CORTISOL AB Two trials (winter and summer) were conducted to determine effects of fasting and transportation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration on the amount and source of weight lost by feeder steers. Sixteen steers, in each of two experiments, were adapted to metabolism stalls for 10 d, were fed medium-quality hay at 2.1% of BW for 3 d, and then were subjected to either fasting alone or fasting plus transit for 48 h. In Exp. 1 steers were randomly assigned to treatments. In Exp. 2 steers were blocked by age (OLD or YOUNG) and assigned to treatments. Fecal and urinary excretions accounted for 65 and 38% of the total weight lost in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Fasting plus transit did not consistently increase the amount of weight lost compared with fasting alone but increased (P < .01) plasma glucose concentrations. Injection of ACTH before either fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased (P < .05) the amount of weight lost as feces. Steers in the OLD group lost more weight during transit and fasting but regained the lost weight faster (P < .01) during the recovery period than did steers in the YOUNG group. Injecting YOUNG steers with ACTH before fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased plasma fibrinogen (P < .10) and serum glucose (P < .05) concentrations more than ACTH injections in OLD steers. Although fasting and transit elicit mobilization of body nutrients and resulted in a loss of BW, these effects were quickly reversed during the poststress period. RP PHILLIPS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVEST RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2342 EP 2348 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW982 UT WOS:A1991FW98200010 PM 1653194 ER PT J AU EVOCK, CM CAPERNA, TJ STEELE, NC MCMURTRY, JP ROSEBROUGH, RW AF EVOCK, CM CAPERNA, TJ STEELE, NC MCMURTRY, JP ROSEBROUGH, RW TI INFLUENCE OF TIME OF INJECTION OF RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN (RPST) RELATIVE TO TIME OF FEEDING ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE, HORMONE AND METABOLITE STATUS, AND MUSCLE RNA, DNA, AND PROTEIN IN PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; FEED INTAKE; TIMING; GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION ID KILOGRAMS LIVE WEIGHT; BODY-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DOSE-RESPONSE; FIBER CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; RATS AB Thirty-six barrows were used in a 2 x 3 factorial treatment array to determine the effects of time of injection (0800 [AM] or 1800 [PM]) of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) (0, 50, or 100-mu-g.kg BW.d-1 adjusted weekly) relative to time of feeding on growth performance, carcass composition, serum hormones and metabolites, and muscle RNA, DNA, and protein. Pigs were fed at 85% of ad libitum and allowed access to feed between 0800 and 1200. Treatments were initiated at 38 kg and continued until each pig consumed an average of 7.5 Mcal of DE/d. There was no significant effect of injection time for any measure of growth performance or composition of gain even though rpST treatment improved most criteria evaluated. Treatment with rpST increased ADG by 30%, improved feed:gain by 23%, reduced lipid accretion by 46%, increased protein accretion by 69%, and increased loin eye area (LEA) by 26%. Time of injection also had no effect on serum hormones or metabolites, except for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), which were 20% higher in the AM-injected animals. Treatment with rpST increased (P < .05) RNA concentration (21%) and RNA/DNA (17%) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. In semimembranosus (SM) muscle, however, rpST administration resulted in an increased (P < .05) DNA concentration (10%) and a decreased DM content (4%). These results suggest that rpST influences growth differently in these two muscles. We conclude that time of rpST administration (AM vs PM) has no effect on its metabolic properties and, therefore, no effect on growth performance in the pig. RP EVOCK, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVEST & POULT SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2443 EP 2451 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW982 UT WOS:A1991FW98200021 PM 1715848 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M SHACKELFORD, SD AF KOOHMARAIE, M SHACKELFORD, SD TI EFFECT OF CALCIUM-CHLORIDE INFUSION ON THE TENDERNESS OF LAMBS FED A BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; TENDERNESS; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; CALCIUM; PROTEASES ID LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; INDUCED MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; DEPENDENT PROTEINASE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CATHEPSIN-B; CIMATEROL; GROWTH; QUANTIFICATION AB The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CaCl2 infusion in overcoming the toughness of meat associated with dietary administration of a beta- adrenergic agonist (BAA) to lambs. Thirty-two crossbred (1/2 Finnsheep x 1/4 Dorset x 1/4 Rambouillet) wether lambs were randomly assigned to receive 0 or 4 ppm BAA (L644,969; Merck, Sharpe and Dohme Research Laboratories) in a completely mixed, high-concentrate diet for 6 wk. Animals were slaughtered in two groups of 16. At slaughter time half of each group (0 or 4 ppm BAA) was randomly assigned to CaCl2 infusion. Feeding the BAA decreased (P < .05) fat thickness, kidney-pelvic fat, yield grade, and marbling and increased (P < .05) dressing percentage, lean firmness, leg score, and biceps femoris weight. Weight of biceps femoris was 32.8% greater in BAA-fed lambs. Treated, but not infused, lambs were significantly less tender than control lambs after 1, 7, and 14 d of postmortem storage. At 24 h postmortem, BAA-fed lambs had higher (P < .05) cathepsin B, calcium-dependent protease-II (CDP-II), and CDP inhibitor activities. Calcium chloride infusion increased marbling, decreased lean firmness, increased lean color score, and increased dressing percentage (P < .05). Infusion of carcasses with CaCl2 decreased (P < .05) shear force at all postmortem times. Infusion of carcasses with CaCl2 had no effect on cathepsins B and B + L activities, but it had a significant effect on CDP-I, CDP-II, and CDP inhibitor activities. The results of these experiments indicate that although feeding the BAA to lambs increased shear force value of longissimus muscle (32% after 14 d postmortem storage), CaCl2 infusion was effective in overcoming this BAA-induced toughness. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KOOHMARAIE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 34 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2463 EP 2471 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW982 UT WOS:A1991FW98200023 PM 1679427 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JC PRESTWICH, GD SUN, WC AF DICKENS, JC PRESTWICH, GD SUN, WC TI BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROSENSORY RESPONSES OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOH (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE), TO FLUORINATED ANALOGS OF ALDEHYDE COMPONENTS OF ITS PHEROMONE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; ANALOG; PARAPHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; NEUROBIOLOGY; OLFACTION; SINGLE NEURON; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; BOLL WEEVIL; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE ID SEX-PHEROMONE; BARK BEETLE; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PROCESSIONARY MOTH; HOST PLANT; DISRUPTION; HELIOTHIS; GRANDLURE AB Competitive field tests with alpha-fluorinated analogs of compounds III and IV (III-alpha-F and IV-alpha-F, respectively) of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh., aggregation pheromone showed these compounds, when combined with the other pheromone components [(+/-)-I and II), to be as attractive as grandlure [(+/-)-I, II, and III + IV]. Dose-response curves constructed from electroantennograms of male boll weevils to serial stimulus loads of III, IV, III-alpha-F, IV-alpha-F, and the corresponding acyl fluorinated analogs (III-acyl-F and IV-acyl-F) showed the alpha-fluorinated analogs to be as active as the pheromone components (threshold = 0.1-mu-g), while the acyl fluorinated analogs had a 10-100 x higher threshold (= 1-10-mu-g). Single-neuron recordings showed that IV neurons and II neurons (Dickens, 1990) responded to IV-alpha-F and III-alpha-F, respectively, while IV-acyl-F and III-acyl-F were inactive. Since a previous study showed compounds I, II, and IV to be essential for behavioral responses in the field, it seems likely that the activity of the alpha-fluorinated analogs observed here is due to the stimulation of IV neurons by IV-alpha-F as indicated in single neuron recordings. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP DICKENS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1020 DI 10.1007/BF01402930 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR955 UT WOS:A1991FR95500001 PM 24259164 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF HEDIN, PA PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI EFFECTS OF COTTON PLANT ALLELOCHEMICALS AND NUTRIENTS ON BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOBACCO BUDWORM SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOBACCO BUDWORM; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; PLANT RESISTANCE; PLANT-INSECT INTERACTION; TERPENOIDS; GOSSYPOL; ALLELOCHEMICALS ID TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; AMINO-ACIDS; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; OVIPOSITION; GOSSYPOL; PROTEIN; ROLES AB Female moths of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), oviposit in the terminals of the cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum (L.). The hatched larvae migrate to the terminal area and then to small squares (buds), on which they feed, finally burrowing into the anthers where they grow and develop. They attempt to avoid gossypol glands as they feed. Chemically related evidence explains, in part, these observations. The calyx crown of resistant lines (which is avoided) is high in the terpenoid aldehydes (TAs) including gossypol. HPLC data showed that the gossypol content of both susceptible and resistant glanded lines is equal, while the hemigossypolone and heliocides H-1 and H-2 are greatly increased in resistant lines and presumably are more closely associated with resistance. Analysis for total amino acids in cotton square tissues showed that there was a gradation from the calyx and calyx crown, which were lowest, to the anthers, the site of final insect development, which were highest. Synthetic diets mimicking amino acid distribution in anthers were found to be successful for larval growth and development. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1107 EP 1121 DI 10.1007/BF01402937 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR955 UT WOS:A1991FR95500008 PM 24259171 ER PT J AU DAHLGRAN, RA LONGSTRETH, M FAMINOW, MD ACUNA, K AF DAHLGRAN, RA LONGSTRETH, M FAMINOW, MD ACUNA, K TI ROBUSTNESS OF AN INTERMITTENT PROGRAM OF COMPARATIVE RETAIL FOOD PRICE INFORMATION SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID CONSUMER-BEHAVIOR; MARKETS C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT AGR ECON,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. USDA,FOREIGN AGR SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP DAHLGRAN, RA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT AGR ECON,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0022-0078 J9 J CONSUM AFF JI J. Consum. Aff. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 84 EP 97 PG 14 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA FZ807 UT WOS:A1991FZ80700005 ER PT J AU WEISS, WP SHOCKEY, WL AF WEISS, WP SHOCKEY, WL TI VALUE OF ORCHARDGRASS AND ALFALFA SILAGES FED WITH VARYING AMOUNTS OF CONCENTRATES TO DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; ORCHARDGRASS; CONCENTRATE ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; DIFFERENT FORAGE; FORMIC-ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; LACTATION; MILK; RATIOS; YIELD; DIETS AB Orchardgrass was fertilized with 75 kg N/ha five times during the growing season, harvested at an immature stage (primary growth cut in late vegetative stage and regrowth cut every 25 to 28 d), and ensiled. Alfalfa was harvested in late bud to early flower stage and ensiled. Orchardgrass had 52% NDF and 22% CP, and alfalfa contained 40% NDF and 22% CP. The silages were fed in diets containing 20, 40, or 60% concentrate (DM basis) to midlactation cows. Few interactions between forage type and concentrate amount were found. Forage type did not affect milk production (24 kg/d) or composition, but cows fed alfalfa consumed more DM than those fed orchardgrass (22 vs. 20 kg/d). Increasing concentrate from 20 to 40% increased milk production, but no additional response was observed when it increased to 60%. Milk fat percentage was reduced when diets contained more than 20% concentrate, so production of FCM was not affected by amount of concentrate. Increasing amount of concentrate in the diet linearly increased DMI. Digestibility of DM was higher for orchardgrass than for alfalfa diets (67 vs. 63%). Digestibility of orchardgrass NDF was much higher than for alfalfa (72 vs. 48%). Concentrate did not affect DM or fiber digestibilities. High quality orchardgrass was similar in feeding value to high quality alfalfa. Feeding more than 40% concentrate did not improve the nutritional value of these diets. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP WEISS, WP (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT DAIRY SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1933 EP 1943 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FU379 UT WOS:A1991FU37900019 ER PT J AU MISZTAL, I LAWLOR, TJ SHORT, TH WIGGANS, GR AF MISZTAL, I LAWLOR, TJ SHORT, TH WIGGANS, GR TI CONTINUOUS GENETIC EVALUATION OF HOLSTEINS FOR TYPE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TYPE EVALUATION; ANIMAL MODEL; FINAL SCORE ID MODEL-EQUATIONS AB Evaluations were based on final score closest to 30 mo of age for 2,072,336 Holstein cows classified from 1952 to 1988. A total of 2,394,809 animals were evaluated, which included 209,089 dams without records and 113,384 sires. Predicted breeding values for animals were obtained using an animal model, which included herd-classification date, animal, and unknown-parent effects. The first evaluation included all records through December 31, 1987 and was the result of 100 rounds of mixed Gauss-Seidel and second-order Jacobi iteration. Forty-eight subsequent sets of evaluations were computed with 20 rounds of iteration each and new information added 1 wk at a time. Solutions for bulls with high reliability (greater-than-or-equal-to .999) showed fluctuations less than .1 point. Most changes in the solutions for sires with lower reliability (< .999) occurred during a short period (2 to 4 wk). Solutions for cows changed most the week following availability of their latest records. Of the 118 unknown-parent solutions, only 4 varied more than .1 point. Of these 4, one group corresponding to the unknown dams of cows born in 1986 through 1987 varied more than 4.5 points. Weekly or biweekly genetic evaluations are computationally feasible and can provide more timely information on young animals. C1 HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN ASSOC AMER,BRATTLEBORO,VT 05301. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MISZTAL, I (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 6 BP 2001 EP 2009 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FU379 UT WOS:A1991FU37900029 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH ZETTLER, JL AF ARTHUR, FH ZETTLER, JL TI MALATHION RESISTANCE IN TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) - DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DISCRIMINATING CONCENTRATIONS BY TOPICAL APPLICATION AND RESIDUAL MORTALITY ON TREATED SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RED FLOUR BEETLE; MALATHION RESISTANCE; BIOASSAYS ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FLOUR BEETLE COLEOPTERA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PEANUTS AB Field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), previously tested for malathion resistance by topical application of a discriminating concentration of 500 ppm, were exposed on galvanized steel and plywood surfaces treated with 1.63 g (AI)/0.227 m2 (the labeled rate). These field strains and a malathion-susceptible laboratory strain were exposed for 24, 48, and 72 h at weekly intervals for 12 wk. Residues on steel and plywood killed the susceptible laboratory strain for the entire 12 wk of the test. Initial residue deposits were more toxic on steel than on plywood. Three field strains in particular were highly resistant to the surface residues, two field strains were susceptible, and the responses of the remaining strains varied between these extremes. Knockdown and mortality of the field strains to malathion residues on steel and plywood were not correlated with results from the discriminating concentration tests. We conclude that malathion resistance frequencies, as determined by topical application, cannot be used to predict red flour beetle mortality under simulated field conditions. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 721 EP 726 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400003 ER PT J AU ZETTLER, JL AF ZETTLER, JL TI PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM AND T-CONFUSUM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) FROM FLOUR MILLS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TRIBOLIUM SPP; DISCRIMINATING DOSES; INSECTICIDE ID INFESTING STORED PEANUTS; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; WHEAT AB Field strains of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were collected from flour mills throughout the United States and tested with discriminating doses to determine their resistance to pesticides. Of 17 strains of T. confusum, 82% were resistant to malathion, 53% were resistant to chlorpyrifos-methyl, 24% were resistant to dichlorvos, 18% were resistant to phosphine, and none was resistant to synergized pyrethrins or resmethrin. Of 28 strains of T. castaneum, 93% were resistant to malathion, 64% were resistant to dichlorvos, 46% were resistant to phosphine, 36% were resistant to chlorpyrifos-methyl, and none was resistant to synergized pyrethrins or resmethrin. Generally, T. castaneum was more resistant than T. confusum. The frequency of this gene for malathion resistance in T. castaneum was sufficiently high to contribute to control failures in the field. RP ZETTLER, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 763 EP 767 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400009 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DF BANKS, WA VANDERMEER, RK LOFGREN, CS AF WILLIAMS, DF BANKS, WA VANDERMEER, RK LOFGREN, CS TI RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) CONTROL WITH A CORN GRIT BAIT OF FENOXYCARB WITHOUT SOYBEAN OIL SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; BAITS; FENOXYCARB AB The standard fenoxycarb fire ant bait formulation (Logic), composed of pregel defatted corn grits and soybean oil toxicant, was modified by eliminating the soybean oil. This formulation without soybean oil contained > 2 times more fenoxycarb and was as effective as the standard bait formulation against laboratory colonies of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. In field tests, the modified and standard baits were equally effective in controlling fire ants after 6, 12, and 18 wk. Individual worker ants obtained from plots treated with fenoxycarb baits without soybean oil had > 47 times less fenoxycarb than did workers from the plots treated with the standard fenoxycarb baits containing soybean oil. RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 814 EP 817 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400019 PM 1885843 ER PT J AU HARRIS, JW HARBO, JR AF HARRIS, JW HARBO, JR TI PRODUCING EGGS FROM A SINGLE WORKER HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LAYING WORKERS; BREEDING ID MELLIFERA-CAPENSIS ESCH; OVARY DEVELOPMENT; COLONIES; QUEEN; BROOD AB Because a solitary worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) will not lay eggs, eggs were produced from small populations of caged workers. First, workers bees from four colonies were evaluated for their rate of worker ovary development. Groups of 25 workers were kept in incubator cages at 34 +/- 1-degrees-C, and each cage was given an empty section of drone comb and unlimited supplies of honey, water, and pollen. Workers from colonies A and B began laying eggs rapidly (about 9 d), workers from colony D were intermediate (about 12 d), and workers from colony C required about 25 d. Five workers from colony A were mixed with 25 workers from the same colony, from colony B, or from colony C and maintained for 10 d. The five workers developed their ovaries most rapidly with their own sisters or with workers from colony C and slowest with unrelated, fast-developing workers from colony B (P < 0.05). When a single worker from colony A was caged with 25 workers from colony C, all eggs were laid by the worker from colony A. Overall, 50% (19/38) of the workers from colony A became egg layers when they were caged alone with workers from colony C. Although workers from colony A developed their ovaries sooner than workers from colony C, the two groups had the same number of ovarioles. Yet, among sisters, ovaries with more ovarioles were significantly more developed than ovaries with fewer ovarioles. C1 USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. RP HARRIS, JW (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,400 LIFE SCI BLDG,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 818 EP 824 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400020 ER PT J AU BELL, MR AF BELL, MR TI EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROBIAL CONTROL OF HELIOTHIS SPP DEVELOPING ON EARLY SEASON WILD GERANIUMS - FIELD AND FIELD CAGE TESTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GERANIUM ID TOBACCO BUDWORM; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST PLANTS; NOCTUIDAE; VIRESCENS; DELTA AB A field test was conducted to study control of Heliothis spp. larvae on early season wild host plants, primarily wild Geranium spp. Halves of one test plot were either treated with red dye or blue dye alone, while halves of a second test area were treated with blue dye alone or red dye plus a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). Both blue and red marked moths (11.6 and 5.8% of the captured populations, respectively) were found among adult H. virescens (F.) males caught in pheromone traps near the areas treated with dyes alone. However, only blue marked moths (7.7% of the captured populations) were detected among adults captured near the areas treated with the blue dye alone or red dye plus virus. These results demonstrated a reduction in adult emergence from areas treated with the virus. In a subsequent field cage study, treating wild geranium with NPV formulated either in water, a dust formulation, or in 10% crude cottonseed oil resulted in reductions in adult Heliothis emergence of 91.3, 82.4, and 80.8%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Although significantly less effective (P = 0.05) than any NPV treatment, a mixture of an insect growth regulator and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, resulted in a significant (P = 0.05) reduction in emergence compared with the untreated control. RP BELL, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 851 EP 854 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400026 ER PT J AU HAYES, JL AF HAYES, JL TI DYNAMICS OF NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY OF MOTHS IN THE HELIOTHIS COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN COTTON SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS COMPLEX; NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY; PHEROMONE TRAPS ID ZEA BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; VIRESCENS F; EMERGENCE; TOBACCO; ADULTS; TRAPS; FIELD; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Nocturnal activity of adult Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) was monitored in cotton, from the pinhead square to open boll stage, in the Delta region of Mississippi. Samples were taken at hourly intervals by hand capture and pheromone traps and through the night by ultraviolet blacklight traps and compared with egg counts obtained from whole-plant inspection made the following day. H. virescens was the dominant species in all sampling (> 80% of all trapped males, > 98% of all hand captured adults, and > 98% of all egg counts), with the exception of blacklight traps (33% of all adults trapped). Low average adult fat body ratings (< 2) and low average number of spermatophores in females, together with low oviposition rates, indicate that H. zea was not a predominant resident during the sampling period (generations F2-F4). For H. virescens, hand captures of both males and females were highly correlated with egg counts (r = 0.8888; P < 0.0001). Correlation between H. virescens moths caught in pheromone traps and those caught by hand (and egg counts) were highest when the number caught in traps was compared with the number caught by hand 4 d previously (r = 0.5800, P < 0.0001). No association was found between captures in blacklight traps and captures by hand (or egg counts) for either species. Over 70% of all H. virescens caught by pheromone traps occurred after midnight, 64% of all H. virescens females caught by hand occurred before midnight, and hand-captured males were nearly equally divided before and after midnight. Over the season, during each generation, trapped and hand-captured males showed a tendency to reach peak numbers in later intervals. For both sexes, movement was most frequently observed during early intervals (2000-2300 hours CDST), with a lull in activity around midnight, followed by a high frequency of mating during later intervals (0100-0300 hours). The highest frequency of mating females was found during the sixth interval (0145-0245 hours), coincident with a dip in trap capture frequency. Trap capture frequency rose to a second peak during interval 7 (0300-0400 hours), coincident with the highest frequency of mating males. The consistency of the observed nocturnal patterns (in-field and trap), together with other studies showing similar results, lead to the conclusion that knowledge of nightly temporal frequency of trap captures may provide critical information for more accurate prediction of field population development than is currently possible with daily summary trap data alone. C1 USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 855 EP 865 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400027 ER PT J AU SMELSER, RB SHOWERS, WB SHAW, RH TAYLOR, SE AF SMELSER, RB SHOWERS, WB SHAW, RH TAYLOR, SE TI ATMOSPHERIC TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS TO PROJECT LONG-RANGE MIGRATION OF BLACK CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AGROTIS-IPSILON; MIGRATION ID MOTH AB The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), larva is a pest of seedling corn in the Midwest. Adults migrate from the south during the spring. Determination of their arrival date is critical to anticipate accurately the time of appearance of larvae in the field. A simplified and easily applied procedure called the moth influx potential (MIP) system was developed to project black cutworm moth movement. The procedure uses National Weather Service atmospheric trajectory forecasts in a backtracking trajectory strategy that projects moth movement from source regions estimated by soil temperature analysis. The MIP system was tested for its ability to determine nights of introduction of A. ipsilon moths into central Iowa; estimates were compared with numbers of adult males captured in traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone. Pooled data from 5 yr (1978-1981 and 1983) were used for these comparisons. Regression analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.01) but weak correlation (r = 0.210) between square-root transformations of daily MIPs and trap captures. The correlation of 4-d (r = 0.292), 5-d (r = 0.311), 6-d (r = 0.366), and 7-d averages (r = 0.369) of MIP and trap captures increased sequentially. Significant linear (r = 0.400) and quadratic trends (r = 0.366) were also detected between calendar week and trap captures. Stepwise regression of 7-d MIP and time variables provided a model for predicting trap captures. C1 USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA 50021. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,IOWA AGR & HOME ECON EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,CLIMATOL SECT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,IOWA AGR & HOME ECON EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,CLIMATOL SECT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 879 EP 885 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400030 ER PT J AU HOLMES, RS BURTON, RL BURD, JD OWNBY, JD AF HOLMES, RS BURTON, RL BURD, JD OWNBY, JD TI EFFECT OF GREENBUG (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) FEEDING ON CARBOHYDRATE-LEVELS IN WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GREENBUG; WHEAT; CARBOHYDRATES ID COLD-HARDINESS; WINTER-WHEAT; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; CEREAL APHIDS; PEA APHID; RESISTANT; FRUCTAN; DAMAGE; CULTIVARS; RESERVES AB The effect of biotype E greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding on nonstructural carbohydrate profiles in susceptible 'TAM W-101' winter wheat seedlings was investigated. Although greenbugs caused significant reductions in plant biomass, soluble carbohydrates (expressed as percentage dry weight) were not depleted and partitioning patterns were not altered, suggesting that reduced growth rates result from decreased photosynthetic capacity caused by toxicosis induced by greenbug. Total furanose levels were significantly reduced and did not recover after aphids were removed. Moreover, stem fructans showed a lower degree of polymerization in infested plants. These results may help to explain findings from previous reports that greenbug infestations predispose winter wheat to increased injury from cold temperature. RP HOLMES, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 897 EP 901 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400033 ER PT J AU SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG HARTSELL, PL MACKEY, B AF SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG HARTSELL, PL MACKEY, B TI FUMIGANTS AS TREATMENTS FOR HARVESTED CITRUS-FRUITS INFESTED WITH ASYNONYCHUS-GODMANI (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ASYNONYCHUS-GODMANI; CITRUS; FUMIGANTS ID METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; RESIDUES AB Ethyl formate, hydrogen cyanide, phosphine, and methyl bromide fumigants were tested for their efficacy for postharvest control of eggs of Fuller rose beetle, Asynonychus godmani Crotch, on lemons. Fuller rose beetle is a quarantine pest of citrus fruits entering Japan. Only methyl bromide use appears to be feasible for fumigating citrus fruits infested with beetle eggs. Fumigation of infested, unprocessed lemons at a 50% load factor for 2 h at 21-degrees-C with 44 g/m3 of methyl bromide resulted in a concentration x exposure time (CT) product of 75.6 g.h/m3, with mortality to eggs of 99.94%. Inorganic methyl bromide residue in lemon fruit pulp and peel averaged 5.0 and 12.2 ppm, respectively. Supplementing methyl bromide fumigation with 20% carbon dioxide did not improve insect mortality. Cold storage and shipping temperatures (normally used in handling citrus fruits destined for Japan) combined with methyl bromide fumigation also did not improve efficacy. RP SODERSTROM, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 936 EP 941 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400039 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT AF YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT TI POTENTIAL OF PYRIPROXYFEN AS A QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR CODLING MOTH AND ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; GRAPHOLITA-MOLESTA; JUVENILE HORMONE MIMICS ID METHOPRENE-IMPREGNATED WAXES; METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; LABORATORY TRIALS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; STONE FRUITS; NECTARINES; TEPHRITIDAE; PAPAYAS; DIPTERA AB A juvenile hormone mimic, pyriproxyfen, had ovicidal effects on eggs of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck). One-day-old codling moth eggs were more susceptible than 2-d-old eggs. Complete mortality of codling moth eggs was not attained at 10.0 ppm. At LC50 and LC90, 1-d-old oriental fruit moth eggs were less susceptible to pyriproxyfen than 1-d-old codling moth eggs. Older eggs of codling moth and oriental fruit moth did not respond to pyriproxyfen. Thirty-three codling moth eggs of 1,440 tested on nectarines survived an immersion in 10 ppm pyriproxyfen. Codling moth adults laid fewer eggs than unexposed adults when topically exposed to 25.0-mu-g per insect; they laid less viable eggs when topically exposed to 0.2-25.0-mu-g per insect. Exposure of codling moth and oriental fruit moth adults to pyriproxyfen residues (150-2,700 g/ha) did not affect fecundity but reduced egg viability in proportion to rate. Codling moth egg viability was reduced (97-100% mortality) by exposure of either adult females or males to 2,700 g/ha pyriproxyfen residues; viability of oriental fruit moth eggs was less affected than was codling moth egg viability. Exposure of both sexes of oriental fruit moth adults was more effective in reducing egg viability (94% mortality) than exposure of either sex alone. Exposure of adult females (92% egg mortality) was more effective than exposure of males (88% egg mortality) 1-4 d after treatment. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 942 EP 947 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400040 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ AF LIQUIDO, NJ TI INFESTATION RATES OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN SUNRISE PAPAYA BY VISUAL AND COLORIMETRIC RIPENESS INDEXES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DACUS SPP; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; PAPAYA ID HOT-WATER IMMERSION; FLIES DIPTERA; BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; BLOSSOM END; INDEX; EGGS AB A field survey on the island of Kauai was done to determine the infestation rates of oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and melon fly (D. cucurbitae Coquillett) in papaya (Carica papaya L. 'Sunrise') based on varying levels of visual and "hot spot" colorimetric b indices of fruit ripeness. (The "hot spot" is the most yellow spot on the fruit's skin surface.) The colorimetric b is a measure of yellowness obtained with the HunterLab LabScan Color Difference Meter. Melon fly never infested 'Sunrise' fruits at any stage of ripeness. In contrast, oriental fruit fly infested only one-quarter to fully ripe fruits. Mature green and color-break fruits, or those with values of b less-than-or-equal-to 18.4, were free of oriental fruit fly and melon fly infestations. Data suggest that two-stage hot-water immersion (double dip) treatment is still a viable quarantine treatment for 'Sunrise' papaya and that mature green and color-break fruits may be shipped to and marketed in the mainland United States without any treatment. RP LIQUIDO, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,BIOL & CONTROL RES UNIT,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 948 EP 953 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400041 ER PT J AU THIER, RW WEATHERBY, JC AF THIER, RW WEATHERBY, JC TI MORTALITY OF DOUGLAS-FIR AFTER 2 SEMIOCHEMICAL BAITING TREATMENTS FOR DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE; SEMIOCHEMICAL BAITING; DOUGLAS-FIR AB In May 1989, a study was conducted in southwestern Idaho to test the hypothesis that infestations of Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, would not differ among plots containing five semiochemical baits per 0.4 ha, two semiochemical baits per 0.4 ha, and control plots containing no baits. On average, 5.8 times and 6.4 times more trees were infested on the plots with two- or five-bait treatments, respectively, compared with the control plots. The average number of infested trees did not differ significantly between baited plots. However, means in baited plots differed significantly from means in the control plots. RP THIER, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 962 EP 964 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400043 ER PT J AU COGBURN, RR WAY, MO AF COGBURN, RR WAY, MO TI RELATIONSHIP OF INSECT DAMAGE AND OTHER FACTORS TO THE INCIDENCE OF SPECKBACK, A SITE-SPECIFIC LESION ON KERNELS OF MILLED RICE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RICE; SPECKBACK; QUALITY DAMAGE AB Speckback, a small imperfection that occurs on the dorsal surface (the surface opposite the germ) of kernels of rice (Oryza sativa L.), is characterized by a variety of lesions, not all of which are discernible by the unaided eye and, therefore, are unlikely to be detected by inspectors in industry. Speckback has been known for years but was so rare and inconspicuous that it was not considered a problem. A sudden, dramatic increase in the incidence of speckback coincided with the release of the high-yielding, semidwarf, long-grain cultivars Lemont and Gulfmont. The superficial resemblance to peck, damage associated with the rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), fostered suspicion that insects caused speckback. This imperfection, far more abundant in 'Lemont' and 'Gulfmont' than in other cultivars, was unaffected by chemical control of insects in commercial fields or test plots, by confining heavy infestations of insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts on rice panicles, by deliberate exclusion of all insects, or by stress (sheath blight) induced by the disease. Excessive or fluctuating levels of irrigation water increased the incidence of speckback somewhat but was not the sole determining factor. Regardless of insect infestation or control, speckback was 3.8 times more abundant in ratoon-crop and 5.9 times more abundant in late-planted rice than in main-crop rice seeded on a normal planting date. There was no evidence that speckback was caused by or associated with insects. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. RP COGBURN, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICE RES UNIT,BEAUMONT,TX 77713, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 987 EP 995 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400047 ER PT J AU SUMNER, HR GROSS, HR AF SUMNER, HR GROSS, HR TI TRACTOR-MOUNTED ROTARY DISPENSER FOR ARTIFICIALLY INFESTING WHORL-STAGE CORN WITH LARVAE OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; LARVAL APPLICATION; LARVAL INFESTATIONS ID ARMYWORM AB A rotating dispenser system for artificially infesting whorl-stage corn (Zea mays L.) with larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was designed, developed, and evaluated. The system uniformly dispenses larvae up to a density averaging 76 larvae per g of corncob grits, while rotating at 75 rpm. The mortality of larvae tumbled in the hopper with grits was higher than the mortality of those not tumbled, but mortality did not differ significantly among larvae tumbled for 5, 10, or 20 min. Following application, the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant. The application system probably can be used to convey the larvae of numerous lepidopterous species on a variety of row crops and also may be adaptable for use in the augmentation of biological control agents. RP SUMNER, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1014 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400050 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, BE BURKHOLDER, WE AF SCHWARTZ, BE BURKHOLDER, WE TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRANARY WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON BARLEY, CORN, OATS, RICE, AND WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SITOPHILUS-GRANARIUS; DEVELOPMENT; STORED PRODUCTS ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE L AB Granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), development from egg to adult emergence on barley, corn, oats, rice, and wheat was examined at 27.5-degrees-C and 75% RH. Development was slowest on corn and fastest on rice. No differences in developmental duration were observed among barley, oats, and wheat. Progeny production was highest on barley and wheat, followed by (in descending order) corn, rice, and oats. Granary weevil development from egg to adult emergence on corn was examined at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35-degrees-C, and 43, 58, or 75% RH. Development was slowest at 15-degrees-C and fastest at 30-degrees-C. Development was slowest at 43% RH. Few weevils emerged at 43% RH, and only one weevil emerged at 35-degrees-C and 75% RH. Granary weevil development from egg to adult emergence on barley was examined at 15, 20, 25, 27.5, and 30-degrees-C, and 43, 58, or 75% RH. Development was slowest at 15-degrees-C for all RH values and at 43% RH for all temperatures. RP SCHWARTZ, BE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1047 EP 1052 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400056 ER PT J AU BARRY, D DARRAH, LL AF BARRY, D DARRAH, LL TI EFFECT OF RESEARCH ON COMMERCIAL HYBRID MAIZE RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; RESISTANCE; MAIZE ID 2ND GENERATION; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; SELECTION; LINES AB Economic loss caused by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), amounts to millions of dollars per year. Maize breeding programs funded from public and private sources have developed and released germplasm with resistance to European corn borer whorl leaf feeding and, to a lesser extent, sheath and sheath collar feeding during flowering. A 4-yr study of 100 hybrids each year was undertaken to evaluate levels of resistance to European corn borer available to the farmer in commercial hybrids. About 90% of the maize hybrids evaluated have some resistance to whorl leaf feeding and about 75% have some resistance to sheath and sheath collar feeding. In approximately two-thirds of the hybrids evaluated in Missouri, the resistance levels could be further enhanced and susceptible hybrids improved with the introduction of additional genes for resistance. RP BARRY, D (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400057 ER PT J AU BING, JW GUTHRIE, WD AF BING, JW GUTHRIE, WD TI GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS FOR RESISTANCE IN MAIZE TO THE CORN LEAF APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-MAIDIS; ZEA-MAYS AB Corn leaf aphids [Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)] can be a serious pest of maize, Zea mays L. Because very little is known about the genetics of corn leaf aphid resistance in maize, a generation mean analysis was conducted on nine generations of maize [P1, B96 (susceptible); P2, Mo17 (resistant); F1; F2; F3; BC1; BC2; BS1; and BS2] to determine the type of gene action involved. The model that included additive and dominant effects explained 64.8% of the total variation among generations, whereas the model that included additive, dominant, and epistatic effects did not significantly improve the fit. The estimate of the additive genetic effects was most important, indicating that several loci contributed resistance to the corn leaf aphid. Dominant genetic effects were significant, but not as important as additive effects. Residuals remaining after fitting for additive and dominance effects were significant, indicating that more complicated genetic mechanisms may be involved. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,MWA,CORN INSECTS RES LAB,ANKENY,IA. RP BING, JW (reprint author), AGRIGENET CO,POB 508,SLATER,IA 50244, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1082 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FT234 UT WOS:A1991FT23400060 ER PT J AU NOWAK, DJ MCBRIDE, JR AF NOWAK, DJ MCBRIDE, JR TI COMPARISON OF MONTEREY PINE STRESS IN URBAN AND NATURAL FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE URBAN FORESTRY; TREE STRESS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; URBAN-WILDLAND INTERFACE; PINUS-RADIATA C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP NOWAK, DJ (reprint author), SUNY SYRACUSE, COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY, US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, 5 MOON LIB, SYRACUSE, NY 13210 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 4 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80074-X PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FW801 UT WOS:A1991FW80100007 ER PT J AU FRICKER, MD GRANTZ, DA WILLMER, CM AF FRICKER, MD GRANTZ, DA WILLMER, CM TI STOMATAL RESPONSES MEASURED USING A VISCOUS-FLOW (LIQUID) POROMETER SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE LIQUID FLOW POROMETER; STOMATAL RESPONSES; COMMELINA ID GUARD-CELL PROTOPLASTS; COMMELINA-COMMUNIS; EPIDERMAL STRIPS; LEAF EPIDERMIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; APERTURE; LEAVES AB The design of a liquid flow porometer for the measurement of stomatal responses in epidermal peels is described. The system is computerized and allows automatic measurement of about 1000 stomata (of Commelina communis L.) in three parallel experiments. Simultaneous microscopic observations of the stomata is also possible. Conditions are described for rapid measurement of stomatal responses with greater resolution than that achieved by conventional microscopic measurement techniques. To determine which feature(s) of the stomatal pore influenced the flow rate the most precise estimates of pore diameter and area were made using a cryo-fixation technique, scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. Flow rate showed a near linear dependence on pore area. The LFP was evaluated for measuring stomatal responses by comparison with conventional Petri-dish experiments. Responses to KCl, CO2, fusicoccin, and ABA were similar using the two methods, though there was little or no response to light in the LFP. Pore widths were also lower in the LFP under similar experimental conditions. The probable causes of these phenomena are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,AIEA,HI 96701. UNIV STIRLING,DEPT BIOL SCI,STIRLING FK9 4LA,SCOTLAND. RP FRICKER, MD (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PLANT SCI,S PK RD,OXFORD 0X1 3RB,ENGLAND. RI Fricker, Mark/L-6627-2014 OI Fricker, Mark/0000-0002-8942-6897 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 42 IS 239 BP 747 EP 755 DI 10.1093/jxb/42.6.747 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT519 UT WOS:A1991FT51900009 ER PT J AU KOVINCIC, I VUJICIC, IF SVABICVLAHOVIC, M VULIC, M GAGIC, M WESLEY, IV AF KOVINCIC, I VUJICIC, IF SVABICVLAHOVIC, M VULIC, M GAGIC, M WESLEY, IV TI SURVIVAL OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND RIPENING OF TRAPPIST CHEESE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TREATED MILK; MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY; MENINGITIS; SOFT AB Trappist cheese constitutes more than one-third of the semi-soft cheese production in Yugoslavia. The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive the Trappist cheese-making process and persist during 90 d of ripening and storage was examined. Trappist cheese was manufactured from pasteurized milk (trials A, B, C) and from whey (trials D and E) inoculated with L. monocytogenes (2.46-5.38 log10 CFU/ml). An increase in L. monocytogenes counts was detected after 30 d of ripening in all of the five trials. After ripening and storage for 90 d, the L. monocytogenes counts ranged from 2.72-5.64 log10 CFU/g cheese. A decline in the population of L. monocytogenes was correlated with a decrease in cheese moisture and pH and with an increase in NaCl and titratable acidity. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. FAC AGR NOVI SAD,YU-21000 NOVI SAD,YUGOSLAVIA. FAC MED BELGRADE,YU-1100 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 BP 418 EP 420 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FQ364 UT WOS:A1991FQ36400003 ER PT J AU ZAIKA, LL KIM, AH FORD, L AF ZAIKA, LL KIM, AH FORD, L TI EFFECT OF SODIUM-NITRITE ON GROWTH OF SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE; PH AB A partial factorial design study of the effect of NaNO2 (0, 100, 200, 1000 ppm) in combination with NaCl (0.5, 2.5, 4.0%), pH (7.5, 6.5, 5.5), and temperature (37, 28, 19-degrees-C) on growth of Shigella flexneri is reported. Experiments were done aerobically in brain-heart infusion medium, using an inoculum of 1 x 10(3) CFU/ml. Growth curves were fitted from plate count data by the Gompertz equation; exponential growth rates, lag times, generation times, and maximum populations were derived for all variable combinations. In the absence of nitrite, the organism grew well under all test conditions at 37 and 28-degrees-C but did not grow at 19-degrees-C at pH 5.5 nor at pH 7.5 with 4% NaCl. Nitrite did not affect growth in media of pH 7.5 at 37 and 28-degrees-C. At pH 6.5 growth was inhibited by 1000 ppm NaNO2. The organism failed to grow at 19-degrees-C at all nitrite levels in the presence of 2.5 or 4.0% NaCl. The inhibitory effect of nitrite was much greater in media of pH 5.5 and increased with increasing salt levels. More inhibition was apparent at 28 than at 37-degrees-C. While lack of growth was used as a paradigm of the effect of nitrite on S. flexneri, nitrite also increased the lag and generation times and decreased the exponential growth rate. Results indicated that NaNO2 in combinations with low temperature, low pH, and high salt content can effectively inhibit the growth of S. flexneri. RP ZAIKA, LL (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FQ364 UT WOS:A1991FQ36400005 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, SA WILLIAMS, AC BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG AF PALUMBO, SA WILLIAMS, AC BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG TI MODEL FOR THE AEROBIC GROWTH OF AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA K144 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TEMPERATURE; PH; ATMOSPHERE; NITRITE AB The combined effects of temperature (5 to 42-degrees-C), NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%), pH (5.3 to 7.3), and NaN02 (0 to 200-mu-g/ml) on the aerobic growth of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 were studied in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth using a modified central composite design. Variable combinations were tested in triplicate aerobic flasks; viable cell counts were made at intervals during incubation by surface plating on tryptic soy agar. Growth curves were generated using the Gompertz equation in conjunction with a nonlinear iterative regression analysis. Values for the four Gompertz parameters (A, C, B, and M) were obtained for the variable combinations tested. Using response surface techniques, quadratic and cubic equations containing the four variables of temperature, pH, NaCl, and NaN02 were developed to yield predictive values for the B and M Gompertz values. Goodness of fit evaluation of the models was by R2 values. Comparison of predicted and observed values of B and M and evaluation of predicted lag times and generation times indicated that the quadratic model gave a better fit. Overall, the variable combinations interacted to decrease the generation time and increase the lag time. The results indicate that pH, salt, and nitrite can decrease the growth of A. hydrophila when combined with low temperature incubation. RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 BP 429 EP 435 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FQ364 UT WOS:A1991FQ36400006 ER PT J AU MILLS, T AF MILLS, T TI UNDERSTANDING THE RPA SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MILLS, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON OFF,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 89 IS 6 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FN934 UT WOS:A1991FN93400012 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, NL FRENCH, R GRAY, SM AF ROBERTSON, NL FRENCH, R GRAY, SM TI USE OF GROUP-SPECIFIC PRIMERS AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LUTEOVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; POTATO LEAFROLL LUTEOVIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC RNA; DNA; PROBES; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB A general diagnostic assay for a number of distinct luteoviruses was developed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis. Two minimally degenerate, group-specific primers were derived from previously published RNA sequences of three luteoviruses. This primer pair generated specific PCR fragments of about 530 bp from extracts of plants infected with potato leafroll virus, beet western yellows virus, or New York barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) serotypes MAV, PAV, RMV, RPV and SGV, which span much of the respective viral coat protein gene. Each virus was easily distinguished from the others by restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified DNA products. Samples from BYDV-infected oat and wheat collected in Nebraska were identified as containing PAV-like serotypes; micro-heterogeneity was detected in several samples. This method provides a rapid, sensitive and relatively inexpensive means of luteovirus detection and identification. It is the first test capable of simultaneously detecting all five BYDV serotypes. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 25 TC 131 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 72 BP 1473 EP 1477 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-6-1473 PN 6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA FQ453 UT WOS:A1991FQ45300036 PM 1675249 ER PT J AU JURD, L AF JURD, L TI SYNTHESIS OF 4-PHENYL-2H-1-BENZOPYRANS SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PODOPHYLLOTOXIN AB Sesamol and other phenols react with equimolar quantities of cinnamaldehyde and morpholine in methanol to yield epimeric 2-morpholinyl-4-phenylbenzopyran derivatives, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of alcoholic neoflavanoid (4-phenylbenzopyran) compounds. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI TAMPA PA BOX 20285, TAMPA, FL 33622-0285 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JUN-JUL PY 1991 VL 28 IS 4 BP 983 EP 986 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HU844 UT WOS:A1991HU84400024 ER PT J AU HJELMFELT, AT AF HJELMFELT, AT TI INVESTIGATION OF CURVE NUMBER PROCEDURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE CONDITION PROBABILITIES; ANTECEDENT AB The curve number procedure of the Soil Conservation Service is investigated to establish a logically consistent, experimentally verifiable system. Several traditional aspects of the system are explored. These include conflicting definitions of the AMC-II condition, physical significance of the maximum potential retention, and the use of the runoff equation to estimate infiltration rate. To develop a consistent system, the runoff equation is taken to be a transform between a rainfall frequency distribution and a runoff frequency distribution. The curve numbers are treated as random variables with the curve numbers associated with antecedent moisture condition II (AMC-II) representing the central tendency. Those associated with AMC-I and AMC-III are shown to be representative of extremes of the distribution. RP HJELMFELT, AT (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,AGR ENGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 46 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1991 VL 117 IS 6 BP 725 EP 737 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:6(725) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA FN171 UT WOS:A1991FN17100004 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J BROWN, GO AF GARBRECHT, J BROWN, GO TI CALCULATION OF TOTAL CONVEYANCE IN NATURAL CHANNELS SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The evaluation of total conveyance using the summation approach over section elements is reviewed for one-dimensional, uniform, steady state flow in simple concave channels. The subdivision of a concave section into elements, the introduction of a lateral velocity gradient, the neglect of lateral shear between the elements, and the computation of the nonlinear conveyance as a linear summation of its components all contribute to the overestimation of total conveyance computed by the summation approach. The overestimation is quantified for six selected section shapes. The degree of overestimation is a function of section shape and increases with the number of section elements used in the summation. Based on the integral form of the summation approach, rectangular and trapezoidal section with width-to-depth (W/D) ratios above 20 have a computed total conveyance value within 5% above the value of the undivided section. For W/D ratios less than ten, the summation approach produces significantly higher total conveyance values for five of six section shapes. In this low range of W/D ratios, the summation approach should be avoided. In cases where the summation approach is required, the overestimation can be controlled by minimizing the number of section subdivisions. Differences in total conveyance computed by the summation approach are illustrated for a natural section. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1991 VL 117 IS 6 BP 788 EP 798 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:6(788) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA FN171 UT WOS:A1991FN17100008 ER PT J AU WONG, WW HACHEY, DL FESTE, A LEGGITT, J CLARKE, LL POND, WG KLEIN, PD AF WONG, WW HACHEY, DL FESTE, A LEGGITT, J CLARKE, LL POND, WG KLEIN, PD TI MEASUREMENT OF INVIVO CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS FROM (H2O)-H-2 - A RAPID PROCEDURE FOR THE ISOLATION, COMBUSTION, AND ISOTOPIC ASSAY OF ERYTHROCYTE CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HPLC; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; DEUTERIUM OXIDE; HUMAN; PIG; ERYTHROCYTES; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID RATIO MEASUREMENTS; DEUTERATED WATER; SEPARATION; DEUTERIUM; SAMPLES; PLASMA; HUMANS AB A rapid preparative scale purification of erythrocyte free cholesterol has been developed for measurements of in vivo cholesterol synthesis from (H2O)-H-2. The quantity and purity of cholesterol obtained is suitable for combustion, zinc reduction of the water formed, and determination of deuterium isotopic content by gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The ability to detect and to quantitate a range of cholesterol synthesis rates is illustrated by measurements on young pigs receiving diets without and with added dietary cholesterol. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP WONG, WW (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1056 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FU142 UT WOS:A1991FU14200016 PM 1940619 ER PT J AU WIEN, EM VANCAMPEN, DR AF WIEN, EM VANCAMPEN, DR TI FERRIC IRON-ABSORPTION IN RATS - RELATIONSHIP TO IRON STATUS, ENDOGENOUS SULFHYDRYL AND OTHER REDOX COMPONENTS IN THE INTESTINAL LUMEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE IRON ABSORPTION; ASCORBIC ACID; SULFHYDRYL; OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL; RATS ID GLUTATHIONE; TRANSFERRIN AB Based on the hypothesis that Fe+3 must be reduced before Fe absorption, we investigated luminal factors that might participate in the physiological Fe+3 reduction. Rats were fed diets containing 7 mg Fe/kg diet [iron deficient (-Fe)] or 160-200 mg Fe/kg diet [adequate iron (+Fe)] for 3 wk prior to a 10-min test of Fe-59 absorption from an in vivo ligated duodenal segment. During absorption of Fe-59, the oxidation-reduction potential became more reducing and the pH rose in segment contents. There were small but significant differences between the -Fe and +Fe rats. In one experiment, the lumen environment was modified by bile duct ligation and/or intestinal perfusion prior to the absorption test. Ascorbic acid, nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds, Fe+2 and total ionizable Fe were measured in luminal contents. Nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration was positively correlated with, and the best predictor of, Fe absorption in -Fe rats. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WIEN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 121 IS 6 BP 825 EP 831 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FM509 UT WOS:A1991FM50900008 PM 2033467 ER PT J AU SOLOMONS, NW BULUX, J RUSSELL, RM MORROW, FD DALLAL, G AF SOLOMONS, NW BULUX, J RUSSELL, RM MORROW, FD DALLAL, G TI THE REPRODUCIBILITY, SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE RELATIVE DOSE-RESPONSE (RDR) TEST FOR DETERMINING VITAMIN-A STATUS - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID TEST-RETEST REPRODUCIBILITY; GUATEMALAN ADULTS; DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; ISSUES; RATS C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SOLOMONS, NW (reprint author), CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 121 IS 6 BP 919 EP 920 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FM509 UT WOS:A1991FM50900020 ER PT J AU FAYER, R NERAD, T RALL, W LINDSAY, DS BLAGBURN, BL AF FAYER, R NERAD, T RALL, W LINDSAY, DS BLAGBURN, BL TI STUDIES ON CRYOPRESERVATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Neonatal BALB/c mice received oocysts or sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum pretreated by a variety of cryopreservation protocols. Histologic sections of infected and control mice were examined to determine if pretreated organisms established infection in the intestine. Sporozoites were inoculated rectally, oocysts orally. Freshly excysted sporozoites were frozen in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or glycerol at concentrations of 5%, 10%, or 15% at cooling rates of -1 C and -10 C per min. Other sporozoites were frozen to -70 C in the absence of cryoprotectant without controlled reduction of temperature, others placed in HBSS with 10% DMSO but not subjected to freezing, whereas others were placed in vitrification media containing 5.5 M propylene glycol, 6.5 M glycerol, or 8 M ethylene glycol for 1 min before resuspension in fresh HBSS and inoculation into mice. Intact oocysts were frozen without controlled reduction of temperature directly to -70 C in HBSS containing no cryoprotectant or in HBSS that contained 10% DMSO. Others were cooled at -0.3 C per min from 4 C to -70 C in HBSS with 5% or 10% DMSO. Still others were cooled at a rate of -1 C per min until reaching -40 C and then cooled at -10 C per min until reaching -70 C in HBSS with 7.5% DMSO. Oocysts and sporozoites not exposed to cryoprotectants were inoculated into mice orally and rectally, respectively, for control purposes. Only unfrozen oocysts and sporozoites not exposed to cryoprotectant, and some of the unfrozen oocysts and sporozoites exposed to 10% DMSO, successfully established infections in mice. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 77 IS 3 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.2307/3283119 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FP919 UT WOS:A1991FP91900005 PM 2040948 ER PT J AU CASTLE, MD JENKINS, MC DANFORTH, HD LILLEHOJ, HS AF CASTLE, MD JENKINS, MC DANFORTH, HD LILLEHOJ, HS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A RECOMBINANT EIMERIA-ACERVULINA ANTIGEN EXPRESSED IN SPOROZOITE AND MEROZOITE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COCCIDIOSIS; CHICKENS; IMMUNITY; TENELLA; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; PROTECTION AB A cDNA from Eimeria acervulina encoding an immunogenic region of antigens shared between sporozoites and merozoites was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunofluorescence staining of sporozoites, merozoites, and coccidial-infected intestinal tissue with monoclonal antibody used to detect the recombinant clone indicated that the epitope was present on internal parasite proteins. Immunostaining of nitrocellulose paper containing protein from both asexual stages revealed numerous sporozoite antigens (18-120 kDa) and only 1 merozoite antigen (150 kDa). Northern blot hybridization assays using this cDNA clone for probing sporozoite and merozoite RNA showed that distinct transcripts were present in both asexual stages. Similar to the immunofluorescence studies, many homologous RNAs were observed in sporozoites (3.7 - 13 kb) and only 1 prominent hybridizing species was found in merozoites (3.3 kb). The recombinant coccidial antigen, designated MA16, is a 125- kDa beta-galactosidase fusion protein, representing about 10 kDa of parasite protein. In blastogenesis assays, purified recombinant MA16 antigen is capable of activating T lymphocytes obtained from E. acervulina-immune inbred chickens. DNA sequencing of MA16 clone and analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated several putative T cell epitopes that may be responsible for the observed in vitro blastogenic response. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BLDG 1180,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 77 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.2307/3283125 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FP919 UT WOS:A1991FP91900010 PM 1710269 ER PT J AU FAYER, R BARTA, JR GUIDRY, AJ BLAGBURN, BL AF FAYER, R BARTA, JR GUIDRY, AJ BLAGBURN, BL TI IMMUNOGOLD LABELING OF STAGES OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM RECOGNIZED BY IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NEONATAL MICE; DIARRHEA; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; COW AB Ultrathin sections of mouse ileum infected with Cryptosporidium parvum were stained by immunogold techniques. Sections first were stained with polyvalent antibodies in whey from hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC), then stained by secondary antibodies in rabbit antibovine IgA, IgM, IgG1, and IgG2, and lastly labeled by goat anti-rabbit gold conjugate. Examination of the immunostained specimens by electron microscopy revealed that each bovine immunoglobulin isotype in the whey recognized antigens in meronts, merozoites, microgametocytes, microgametes, and macrogamonts. Based on these findings it is hypothesized that antigens in all stages of C. parvum provide targets of opportunity for the antiparasitic activity of HBC whey antibodies thereby accounting for its efficacy as an immunotherapeutic agent. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,MSL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET COLL,DEPT PATHOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,ZDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 77 IS 3 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.2307/3283142 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FP919 UT WOS:A1991FP91900027 PM 2040961 ER PT J AU WHEELER, JJ SELTMANN, H MOTTEN, AG AF WHEELER, JJ SELTMANN, H MOTTEN, AG TI THE MODE OF ACTION OF FATTY ALCOHOLS ON LEAF TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article AB The mode of action of a mixture of C-8 and C-10 fatty alcohols, formulated in polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-oleate (SMO) and used as an emulsion (FAE) to inhibit axillary bud (sucker) growth in tobacco production, was studied using infrared spectroscopy (NIR), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), electrical resistance, and the ability of treated cells to reverse plasmolysis on leaf tissues from Nicotiana tabacum L. and other dicotyledonous species. NIR spectra showed that isolated cuticles were affected optically when treated with FAE, but did not dissolve. PAS absorbances in the UV of isolated cuticles and of epidermal peels were similar and showed that cuticles were homogeneous, unilamellar structures. In intact leaf segments, it was possible, over time using PAS absorbances in the visible region, to separate absorbance of the surface components (cuticle) from the absorption of chlorophyll and other subsurface components and to monitor the penetration by FAE into the leaf. Penetration of the FAE to the subcuticular cells took approximately 2 h. Electrical resistance measurements of FAE-treated isolated midveins of tobacco leaves decreased with time, indicating that the plasma membranes of the cells became leaky. The effect of FAE on plasma membranes of cells was confirmed with Elodea sp. where leaf cells after treatment with 1 and 5% FAE lost the ability with time to plasmolyze upon exposure to a 10% solution of Ca(NO3)2. The results of the various studies were interpreted to mean that at the labeled concentration (4-5%) for use in the control of axillary bud growth on decapitated tobacco, FAE passed through the cuticle without disrupting it. However, the plasma membranes of the subtending cells were altered so that, in time, bud tissues desiccated (appeared burned) and growth of the sucker was controlled. C1 USDA ARS,CROP RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. NIEHS,MOLEC BIOPHYS LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF02279324 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GA086 UT WOS:A1991GA08600002 ER PT J AU BASSETT, CL MOTHERSHED, CP GALAU, GA AF BASSETT, CL MOTHERSHED, CP GALAU, GA TI POLYPEPTIDE PROFILES FROM COTYLEDONS OF DEVELOPING AND PHOTOPERIODICALLY INDUCED SEEDLINGS OF THE JAPANESE MORNING GLORY (PHARBITIS (IPOMOEA) NIL) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; FLORAL INDUCTION; STRAIN VIOLET; INVITRO; GERMINATION; PROTEINS; LEAF AB An unknown substance(s) produced in the cotyledons of seedlings of the Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil) during a defined period of darkness triggers the subsequent initiation of floral buds at apical and axillary meristems. Recent studies have concentrated on characterizing molecular changes as a possible mechanism associated with its synthesis, but these have failed to eliminate interference due to lack of development unity in the sampled population and to consider different kinetic alternatives of those potential changes. The current study demonstrates that numerous age-related changes occur in polypeptides from cotyledons during growth under noninductive conditions, but that these are minimal in older seedlings selected for improved synchrony of the floral response. Polypeptides from older seedlings sampled at various times during and after a dark inductive period were examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). No differences associated with floral induction could be detected. The results indicate that changes in gene expression correlated with floral-induction do not occur in the abundant polypeptide fraction within the limitations of the techniques employed. RP BASSETT, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1007/BF02279326 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GA086 UT WOS:A1991GA08600004 ER PT J AU LINGLE, SE DUNLAP, JR AF LINGLE, SE DUNLAP, JR TI SUCROSE METABOLISM AND IAA AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION IN MUSKMELON OVARIES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID CUCUMIS-MELO L; ABSCISIC-ACID; FRUIT; ENZYMES; ACCUMULATION; SYNTHASE; TISSUES; ACC AB Changes induced by the pollination of ovaries may be mediated by phytohormones and involve sugar-metabolizing enzymes. In order to further explore these relationships, soluble sugars, sucrose-phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14), sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), acid and neutral invertases (EC 3.2.1.26), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and ethylene were investigated in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) ovaries sampled before, during, and after anthesis. The fresh weight of ovaries increased 100% within 48 h after pollination, but did not change significantly in the absence of pollination. While sugar content per ovary increased after pollination, sugar content per mg protein was unaffected. Sucrose was not detected in nonpollinated ovaries 48 h after anthesis. Free IAA content was highest in ovaries sampled 48 h before anthesis. Pollination had no immediate effect on IAA content per mg protein in postanthesis ovaries. Although detected in all ovaries sampled, ethylene production increased significantly only in nonpollinated ovaries. Activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase was the same at all stages. The specific activities of sucrose synthase and the invertases were highest in nonpollinated ovaries. The increase in rate of sugar import into ovaries following pollination was not accompanied by an increase in the specific activity of any enzyme assayed, but was coincident with an increase in the total activity per ovary of sucrose synthase and acid invertase. There appears to be no direct relationship between sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, IAA or ethylene in developing pollinated ovaries, but the increase in sucrose cleavage activity in nonpollinated ovaries may be related to the increase in ethylene production. RP LINGLE, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1007/BF02279329 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GA086 UT WOS:A1991GA08600007 ER PT J AU BERHOW, MA VANDERCOOK, CE AF BERHOW, MA VANDERCOOK, CE TI SITES OF NARINGIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN GRAPEFRUIT SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; BIOSYNTHESIS; FLAVONOIDS; GRAPEFRUIT; NARINGIN; RADIOLABEL; SEEDLINGS ID CITRUS-PARADISI; CULTURES AB Radioactively-labeled acetate and phenylalanine were fed to intact and detached tissues of grapefruit seedlings to characterize the biosynthesis and subsequent metabolic fate of the flavanone glycoside naringin. Radiolabeled naringin was biosynthesized from both precursors in detached leaves, but not in detached stems or roots. Young leaves were much more efficient at incorporating label into naringin than older leaves. When radiolabeled precursors were fed to whole seedlings, labeled naringin was found in all parts of the plant, including stems and roots. This suggests that naringin is synthesized in young, rapidly growing leaves, then transported to other parts of the plant. RP BERHOW, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 138 IS 2 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FV015 UT WOS:A1991FV01500009 ER PT J AU MIERNYK, JA STURCH, SM AF MIERNYK, JA STURCH, SM TI STARVATION FOR REDUCED NITROGEN STIMULATES THE SECRETION OF PROTEASES BY MAIZE ENDOSPERM CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS L; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; PROTEIN SECRETION; PROTEASE; TISSUE CULTURE ID TOBACCO CELLS; PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEINS; INHIBITORS; GLYCANS; TISSUE AB Maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm cultures are normally grown in a medium containing nitrate plus asparagine. The endosperm cells do not grow unless supplied with a source of reduced nitrogen. It is possible to rescue nitrogen-starved cultures by adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the medium. Intact BSA rapidly disappears after addition to cultures previously incubated without reduced nitrogen for four days. Extracellular BSA-degrading activity is low in cultures grown with a complete medium but increased greatly in the medium of cells cultured without reduced nitrogen. Culture growth is not rescued by the addition of poly-L-asparagine or glycoproteins to the culture medium. Results obtained with activity gels suggest the secretion of two endoproteases from nitrogen-starved cultures. When culture filtrates were assayed in vitro at varying pH values, there were two peaks of proteolytic activity, one at 4.0 and the other at 5.5. By using functional group-directed reagents, it was shown that the pH 5.5 protease has a sulfhydryl-type mechanism while the pH 4.0 protease is a zinc-metalloenzyme. RP MIERNYK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 138 IS 2 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FV015 UT WOS:A1991FV01500016 ER PT J AU BOLONCHUK, WW LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA AF BOLONCHUK, WW LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA TI THE STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND NUTRITIONAL ADAPTATION OF COLLEGE BASKETBALL PLAYERS OVER A SEASON SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTYPE; BODY COMPOSITION; TRAINING; BLOOD CHEMISTRY AB The purpose of this study was to determine the structural, functional and nutritional adaptation of college basketball players over s season. Structure was determined by somatotype and body composition, function was determined by peak work capacity and work efficiency, and nutrition was determined by plasma metals analysis. The tests were performed twice on each of the eight subjects, one preseason (PRS) and one postseason (PST). A small structural adaptation was indicated by a mean decrease (< 1 kg) in fat free weight and an increase in ectomorphy (< 0.03). Body weight and skinfolds did not change significantly. Functional adaptation was indicated by a one minute decrease in running time for the work capacity test (p < 0.002), and an increase (p < 0.02) in VO2 for the work efficiency test. Nutritional adaptation was indicated by a greater mobilization of plasma Zn after exercise during PST than PRS. Plasma Cu apparently was mobilized during exercise in PST but the change during the season (- 10 to -6.6%) was not statistically significant because of the large interindividual variability in response. Structural and functional adaptation to basketball training over a collegiate season is small; however, the change in Zn mobility and the tendency for a concomitant change in Cu mobilization offers a unique finding to help explain the nutritional adaptation to training. RP BOLONCHUK, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA GH444 UT WOS:A1991GH44400007 PM 1753722 ER PT J AU MUSSELMAN, RC FOX, DG AF MUSSELMAN, RC FOX, DG TI A REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF TEMPERATE FORESTS IN THE GLOBAL CO2 BALANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; LAST CLIMATIC CYCLE; VOSTOK ICE CORE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION RESPONSE; BOREAL FORESTS; C-4 WEED; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT AB The role of temperate forests in the global carbon balance is difficult to determine because many uncertainties exist in the data, and many assumptions must be made in these determinations. Still, there is little doubt that increases in atmospheric CO2 and global warming would have major effects on temperature forest ecosystems. Increases in atmospheric CO2 may result in increases in photosynthesis, changes in water and nitrogen use efficiency, and changes in carbon allocation. Indirect effects of changes in global carbon balance on regional climate and on microenvironmental conditions, particularly temperature and moisture, may be more important than direct effects of increased CO2 on vegetation. Increased incidence of forest perturbations might also be expected. The evidence suggests that conditions favorable to forest growth and development may exist in the northern latitudes, while southern latitude forests may undergo drought stress. Current harvest of temperate and world forests contributes substantial amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, possibly as much as 3 gigatons (Gt) per year. Return of this carbon to forest storage may require decades. Forest managers should be aware of the global as well as local impact their management decisions will have on the atmospheric carbon balance of the ecosystems they oversee. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,INTERIOR W GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP MUSSELMAN, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ATMOSPHER CHANGE RES PROJECT,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 133 TC 46 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 15 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 798 EP 807 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FU112 UT WOS:A1991FU11200003 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF WONG, WW GARZA, C STUFF, JE SMITH, EO KLEIN, PD NICHOLS, BL AF BUTTE, NF WONG, WW GARZA, C STUFF, JE SMITH, EO KLEIN, PD NICHOLS, BL TI ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF BREAST-FED INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS; INFANTS; BREAST-FEEDING; GROWTH RATE ID FORMULA-FED INFANTS; HUMAN-MILK; NUTRIENT INTAKE; GROWTH AB Current recommendations for energy intake are reviewed in light of emerging data on energy intakes of breast-fed infants and on total daily energy expenditure of infants. For determination of energy requirements, the historical approach based on observed intakes of healthy infants is compared with a newly proposed approach based on energy expenditure and deposition. A data set of exclusively breast-fed infants is used to illustrate the circuity of either approach. Energy intake, expenditure, and stores must be evaluated in an assessment of dietary adequacy. Ultimately, energy requirements of infants should reflect growth rate, body composition, and level of physical activity conducive to optimal health and neurobehavioral development. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP BUTTE, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES,ROOM 8068,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FL850 UT WOS:A1991FL85000002 PM 1894876 ER PT J AU SCHOLNICK, F DIEFENDORF, EJ FEAIRHELLER, SH KRONICK, PL AF SCHOLNICK, F DIEFENDORF, EJ FEAIRHELLER, SH KRONICK, PL TI CROSS-LINKING OF COLLAGEN WITH ACRYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES .3. IMPROVED CHROME TANNAGE BY COLLAGEN MODIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Michael Reaction has been used with an acrylic-acid derivative to provide additional carboxyl binding sites on collagen during processing of hides into leather. The crosslinked product had a higher shrinkage temperature and a considerably lower lysine and hydroxylysine content than conventionally processed hides. Subsequent tanning led to a higher chrome uptake than that found in the untreated control. The results indicated that both direct crosslinking and improved chrome tanning are possible with this derivative but that these are accompanied by some loss of tensile strength. RP SCHOLNICK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 86 IS 6 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA GK536 UT WOS:A1991GK53600001 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ MARMER, WN AF TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ MARMER, WN TI EFFICIENCY OF ENZYMATIC SOLUBILIZATION OF CHROME SHAVINGS AS INFLUENCED BY CHOICE OF ALKALINITY-INDUCING AGENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Enzymic processing of chrome shavings has been shown to be a viable treatment of this waste product. Proteolytic enzymes, active at moderate temperatures, are effective in solubilizing the protein and, since the reaction takes place at an alkaline pH, the chromium remains insoluble. Various alkalinity-inducing agents, such as magnesium oxide, alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, can be employed to maintain the optimal environment for enzyme hydrolysis. These systems can be tailored to match the varied chrome-recycling steps that different tanneries employ. Some of these systems have improved the rate of solubilization of the shavings while lowering the required amount of enzyme, thus making the process more cost-effective. RP TAYLOR, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 86 IS 6 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA GK536 UT WOS:A1991GK53600002 ER PT J AU KRONICK, PL MALEEFF, BE DAHMS, MP AF KRONICK, PL MALEEFF, BE DAHMS, MP TI REMOVAL OF COLLAGEN-VI AND COLLAGEN-XII BY BEAMHOUSE CHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-SKIN AB Hides are prepared in the beamhouse for tanning by removing nonfibrous proteins from among the collagen fibrils. We now know that some of this protein also contains types of collagen that do not form fibrils. This material might be expected to resist the drastic chemical treatments of the beamhouse, as does the collagen type I of the fibers. Using immunochemical stains, we have examined the persistence of two such nonfibrillar collagens, types VI and XII, through simulated liming, bating (trypsin digestion), and pickling. Both collagens persisted after treatment with lime, but the antigenic site on the molecule of the collagen type XII was removed by trypsin. Collagen type VI resisted all the treatments. Beamhouse treatments eliminate at least part of the type XII molecule, which is found on the surfaces of the fibrils, but leaves type VI, which is present in very fine strands that connect the fibrils of types I/III/V. These remnant proteins can complicate the use of syntans, fatliquors, and dyes, which act on the surfaces of the fibrils. RP KRONICK, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 86 IS 6 BP 209 EP 224 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA GK536 UT WOS:A1991GK53600003 ER PT J AU KLINE, DL DAME, DA MEISCH, MV AF KLINE, DL DAME, DA MEISCH, MV TI EVALUATION OF 1-OCTEN-3-OL AND CARBON-DIOXIDE AS ATTRACTANTS FOR MOSQUITOS ASSOCIATED WITH IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN ARKANSAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Field studies were conducted to determine the responses of mosquitoes associated with irrigated riceland in Arkansas to 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), carbon dioxide (CO2) and combinations of both. Octenol was released at 4.1 (wick in) and 41.1 (wick out) mg/h and CO2 at 200, 500 and 1,000 ml/min. Octenol alone did not result in a significant (P > 0.05) increased response for any species relative to unbaited traps. An increase in CO2 release rate generally resulted in an increase in collection size. All octenol + CO2 combinations increased the collections of Coquillettidia perturbans, Culex salinarius and Psorophora columbiae relative to equivalent CO2 release rates alone. Mixed responses for these same treatment combinations were obtained for Anopheles crucians, An. quadrimaculatus and Cx. erraticus. RP KLINE, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 10 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX049 UT WOS:A1991FX04900001 PM 1680151 ER PT J AU FRITZ, GN NARANG, SK KLINE, DL SEAWRIGHT, JA WASHINO, RK PORTER, CH COLLINS, FH AF FRITZ, GN NARANG, SK KLINE, DL SEAWRIGHT, JA WASHINO, RK PORTER, CH COLLINS, FH TI DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI AND AN HERMSI BY HYBRID CROSSES, FREQUENCIES OF POLYTENE-X CHROMOSOMES AND RDNA RESTRICTION ENZYME FRAGMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A polytene chromosome analysis was prepared from Anopheles freeborni collected from 25 locations in north and central California, and parts of Washington and Oregon. The X chromosome banding pattern, thought previously to be specific to An. hermsi, was common in mosquitoes collected from foothill regions in California, and in all samples from Washington and Oregon. At some of these locations, many mosquitoes had heterokaryotypes for the inversion that distinguishes the X chromosome of An. freeborni from that of An. hermsi. Use of rDNA restriction site analysis, and the results from crossing of different strains bearing either type of X chromosome, showed that An. hermsi does not have a unique or diagnostic X chromosome. Anopheles hermsi was collected in San Mateo County, CA, which is now the northernmost known limit of this species. Crossing studies, or the examination of rDNA restriction enzyme profiles, are presently the only means of identifying An. hermsi. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 198 EP 206 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX049 UT WOS:A1991FX04900007 PM 1654384 ER PT J AU ABRAHAM, G DECOSSAS, KM HRON, RJ KUK, MS AF ABRAHAM, G DECOSSAS, KM HRON, RJ KUK, MS TI PROCESS ENGINEERING ECONOMIC-EVALUATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACTION OF COTTONSEED - PRELIMINARY-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATE SOLVENT; COST STUDY; COTTONSEED; ECONOMICS; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION ID OIL AB This preliminary analysis was undertaken to determine if the operations being developed for the aqueous ethanol extraction of cottonseed oil are economical and whether further research of this process should be pursued. Results of the conversion of hypothetical hexane extraction plants to ethanol extraction, in the plant capacity range of 300-600 tons of cottonseed flakes/day and operating 150-350 days annually, show that two unconventional operations, namely, chill-separation of miscella exiting the extractor and reduction of oil in recycled ethanol by reverse osmosis, require less energy and are less expensive than conventional alternatives. However, additional work is needed to determine the overall efficiency of an alcohol process as compared to a conventional hexane process. RP ABRAHAM, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 418 EP 421 DI 10.1007/BF02663759 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FR461 UT WOS:A1991FR46100011 ER PT J AU FAVATI, F KING, JW MAZZANTI, M AF FAVATI, F KING, JW MAZZANTI, M TI SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF EVENING PRIMROSE OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; EVENING PRIMROSE; EXTRACTION; GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; OENOTHERA-BIENNIS L; SEED OIL; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; FLUID EXTRACTION; CO2 EXTRACTION; OENOTHERA; SEED; PLANT AB The oil extracted from the seeds of Oenothera biennis L. (evening primrose) is a major commercial source of gamma-linolenic acid, a fatty acid having potential therapeutic value in the treatment of several diseases. This fatty acid is prone to oxidation and thermal rearrangement; therefore, the conventional recovery of the oil via mechanical expression and hexane extraction must be carried out under very mild and controlled conditions. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide has been employed as an alternative method to recover evening primrose oil (EPO). Extractions were performed over the pressure range of 20-70 MPa and at temperatures from 40 to 60-degrees-C, with a CO2 mass flow rate of 18 g/min. The experimental data permitted the determination of EPO solubility in supercritical CO2 at the tested extraction conditions. Supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of fractions collected during the extraction showed a subtle shift in the triglyceride composition. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis on similar fractions indicated that the fatty acid content was invariant with respect to extraction time. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. UNIV PISA, IST IND AGR, I-56123 PISA, ITALY. RI Favati, Fabio/J-1601-2012 NR 39 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 422 EP 427 DI 10.1007/BF02663760 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FR461 UT WOS:A1991FR46100012 ER PT J AU LANSER, AC LIST, GR HOLLOWAY, RK MOUNTS, TL AF LANSER, AC LIST, GR HOLLOWAY, RK MOUNTS, TL TI FTIR ESTIMATION OF FREE FATTY-ACID CONTENT IN CRUDE OILS EXTRACTED FROM DAMAGED SOYBEANS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE DECONVOLUTION; FREE FATTY ACID; FTIR; SOYBEAN OIL; TRIGLYCERIDE AB A user-interactive computer-assisted Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method has been developed for estimation of free fatty acids (FFA) in vegetable oil samples by deconvolution of the infrared (IR) absorbances corresponding to the triglyceride ester and FFA carbonyl bonds. Peak areas were used to determine FFA as a percentage of the total carbonyl areas in weighed standards of refined, bleached, deodorized soybean oil containing from 0 to 5% added oleic acid. These data for percent FFA by FTIR were compared to corresponding FFA data obtained by two titration methods-the AOCS Official Method Ca 5a-40 and the Official Method with a slight modification. Correlation coefficients were 0.999 for the Ca 5a-40, 0.999 for the modified and 0.989 for the FTIR methods. FFA in samples of crude soybean oils extracted from damaged beans (0.5 to 2.1% FFA) were measured by FTIR and compared to data obtained by titration of the same samples (correlation coefficient, 0.869). RP LANSER, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 448 EP 449 DI 10.1007/BF02663767 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FR461 UT WOS:A1991FR46100019 ER PT J AU SAINI, PK WEBERT, DW AF SAINI, PK WEBERT, DW TI APPLICATION OF ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS DURING ANTEMORTEM AND POSTMORTEM MEAT INSPECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CATTLE; BOVINE RP SAINI, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,DIV PATHOL & SEROL,SEROL BRANCH,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 11 BP 1898 EP 1901 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FN426 UT WOS:A1991FN42600018 PM 1714890 ER PT J AU HALL, WF WEIGEL, RM SIEGEL, AM WIEMERS, JF LEHMAN, JR TAFT, AC ANNELLI, JF AF HALL, WF WEIGEL, RM SIEGEL, AM WIEMERS, JF LEHMAN, JR TAFT, AC ANNELLI, JF TI PREVALENCE OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS-INFECTION AND ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN 6 LARGE SWINE HERDS IN ILLINOIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE PORCINE SPECIES; PSEUDORABIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID PIGS AB Sera were collected from 6 large farrow-to-finish swine herds infected with pseudorabies virus (PRV) in Illinois. All herds were participating in the Large Herd Cleanup Study, a USDA-initiated project to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating pseudorabies from large farms (> 400 sows) by use of a combination of vaccination and management changes. Herd size ranged between 425 and 1,500 breeding females. Between April and July 1990, sera for measurement of PRV antibodies were obtained from 113 to 156 sows and 112 to 162 finishing pigs (body weight > 70 kg)/herd. Duplicate sera from 30 sows and 30 market-weight pigs/herd were obtained for measurement of serum antibodies to the following associated organisms: swine influenza virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Eperythrozoon suis, and 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans. Prevalence of PRV antibodies attributable to field virus infection ranged between 53.8 and 100% for sows and between 0.7 and 97.3% for finishing pigs, as determined by the appropriate differential test for the vaccine being used on each farm. In only 1 herd, PRV seroprevalence was increased with higher sow parity. For associated infections, the risk of seropositivity attributable to PRV was not significant (for most infections) on all farms and varied among farms. Thus, pseudorabies did not appear, in general, to increase susceptibility to infection with other disease agents. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. ILLINOIS DEPT AGR,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62794. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN & POPULAT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA,APHIS,VS,ANIM DIS LAB,GALESBURG,IL 61402. RP HALL, WF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 11 BP 1927 EP 1931 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FN426 UT WOS:A1991FN42600024 PM 1651912 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, H KEITHLY, JH YOKOYAMA, H AF KOBAYASHI, H KEITHLY, JH YOKOYAMA, H TI IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FRUIT-SET AND HARVEST INDEX OF EGGPLANT BY 2-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)TRIETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [DCPTA] SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Application of the tertiary amine bioregulator, 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine hydrochloride (DCPTA), as a soak-treatment to ungerminated seeds of eggplant (Solanum melogena L. cv. Senryo-Nigo) reduced the days to harvest, increased the fruit set, and concentrated the harvestable yield of plants that were grown in pot culture. Of plants harvested 107 days after seed planting, the total fruits per plant, harvestable yield, and harvest index (dry weight basis) of 3 and 30-mu-M DCPTA-treated plants were increased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with the control values. The improved yield characteristics of DCPTA-treated plants were not dependent on DCPTA-mediated improvements in vegetative plant growth. C1 USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, 263 S CHESTER AVE, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING SHIMODACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 1882-3351 EI 1880-358X J9 J JPN SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 60 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FQ954 UT WOS:A1991FQ95400010 ER PT J AU WESLEY, RD WOODS, RD CHEUNG, AK AF WESLEY, RD WOODS, RD CHEUNG, AK TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS, AN ATTENUATED VARIANT OF TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MESSENGER-RNA; GENOMIC RNA; SEQUENCE; REPLICATION; DELETIONS; ORGANIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; POLYPEPTIDE; EXPRESSION; INFECTION AB The genome and transcriptional pattern of a newly identified respiratory variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus were analyzed and compared with those of classical enterotropic transmissible gastroenteritis virus. The transcriptional patterns of the two viruses indicated that differences occurred in RNAs 1 and 2(S) and that RNA 3 was absent in the porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) variant. The smaller RNA 2(S) of PRCV was due to a 681-nucleotide (nt) deletion after base 62 of the PRCV peplomer or spike (S) gene. The PRCV S gene still retained information for the 16-amino-acid signal peptide and the first 6 amino acid residues at the N terminus of the mature S protein, but the adjacent 227 residues were deleted. Two additional deletions (3 and 5 nt) were detected in the PRCV genome downstream of the S gene. The 3-nt deletion occurred in a noncoding region; however, the 5-nt deletion shortened the potential open reading frame A polypeptide from 72 to 53 amino acid residues. Significantly, a C-to-T substitution was detected in the last base position of the transcription recognition sequence upstream of open reading frame A, which rendered RNA 3 nondetectable in PRCV-infected cell cultures. RP WESLEY, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 65 IS 6 BP 3369 EP 3373 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA FM165 UT WOS:A1991FM16500074 PM 1851885 ER PT J AU FAYER, R PHILLIPS, L ANDERSON, BC BUSH, M AF FAYER, R PHILLIPS, L ANDERSON, BC BUSH, M TI CHRONIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN A BACTRIAN CAMEL (CAMELUS-BACTRIANUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BACTRIAN CAMEL; CAMELUS-BACTRIANUS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-MURIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARUM; PARASITE; PROTOZOAN ID ABOMASAL CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS AB A 4-yr-old female Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) had chronic cryptosporidiosis for 18 mo. The female camel had been housed with a male camel in an outdoor pen for 3 yr; the male had no history of cryptosporidiosis. Clinical signs included chronic loose stools, reduced appetite, weight loss, and lethargy. During this period, recurrent intestinal parasitic infections, including gastrointestinal helminths and cryptosporidiosis, were identified from microscopic stages in the feces. Treatment of the helminth infections with anthelmintics only temporarily diminished the number of eggs produced. Treatment of the cryptosporidiosis with an anticoccidial drug failed to resolve that infection. Oocysts averaging 5.9 x 7.9-mu-m were indistinguishable from those of Cryptosporidium muris or from a bovine isolate that parasitizes the abomasum. Attempts were made to experimentally establish cryptosporidial infections in neonatal calves and mice by oral administration of oocysts. Calves did not shed oocysts resembling C. muris during 17 days of daily fecal examinations. Only those mice examined 12 days or more after inoculation had oocysts in their feces and cryptosporidial stages in gastric glands of the stomach, indicating that the isolate from the camel was very similar, if not identical, to C. muris. C1 BROOKFIELD ZOO,BROOKFIELD,IL 60513. UNIV IDAHO,CAINE VET TEACHING CTR,CALDWELL,ID 83605. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 228 EP 232 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FY141 UT WOS:A1991FY14100008 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP PORTER, SL HATTEL, AL KRADEL, DC TOPPER, MJ JOHNSON, L AF DUBEY, JP PORTER, SL HATTEL, AL KRADEL, DC TOPPER, MJ JOHNSON, L TI SARCOCYSTOSIS-ASSOCIATED CLINICAL ENCEPHALITIS IN A GOLDEN EAGLE (AQUILA-CHRYSAETOS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE GOLDEN EAGLE; AQUILA-CHRYSAESTOS; SARCOCYSTIS; ENCEPHALITIS; SCHIZONTS; MEROZOITES; PROTOZOAN; PARASITE ID FALCATULA; PATHOGENESIS; BUDGERIGAR; PATHOLOGY AB A golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) had a slight head tilt for several months. After 18 mo in captivity, the eagle died and was necropsied. The main lesion was meningoencephalitis, characterized by necrosis of neuropil, vasculitis, and mononuclear cell infiltration. The parasite divided by schizogony. Numerous schizonts were associated with blood vessels, were approximately 10-20 x 6-15-mu-m, and contained up to 20 merozoites. The parasites stained positively with Sarcocystis cruzi antiserum but not with Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antisera. This is apparently the first report of Sarcocystis encephalitis in a raptorial bird. C1 WILDLIFE CTR VIRGINIA,WEYERS CAVE,VA 24486. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. PENN STATE UNIV,ANIM DIAGNOST LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DIV COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FY141 UT WOS:A1991FY14100009 ER PT J AU MINCKLEY, RL BUCHMANN, SL WCISLO, WT AF MINCKLEY, RL BUCHMANN, SL WCISLO, WT TI BIOASSAY EVIDENCE FOR A SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE IN THE LARGE CARPENTER BEE, XYLOCOPA-VARIPUNCTA (ANTHOPHORIDAE, HYMENOPTERA) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOXYLOCOPA VARIPUNCTA; BEHAVIOR; TERRITORIAL; CHOICE; GLAND AB A field bioassay was conducted to test whether compounds produced in the thoracic gland of male X. varipuncta are involved in long-range mate attraction. Filter paper impregnated with the two most abundant compounds of the male gland was placed in sites comparable to those used by territorial males during the time of day when mating activity occurs. Females visited these filter paper 'lures' as often as they visited unmanipulated males in the study area. Males with the chemical mixture added to their territories did not receive more matings than males at territories where we had not added the chemical mixture. These findings and other studies, summarized herein, support the hypothesis that the male gland produces a pheromone which functions as a long-range sex attractant. C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP MINCKLEY, RL (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 224 BP 285 EP 291 PN 2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FU873 UT WOS:A1991FU87300009 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, BW BEAL, TS AF KENNEDY, BW BEAL, TS TI MINERALS LEACHED INTO DRINKING-WATER FROM RUBBER STOPPERS SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZINC AB Drinking water and its delivery system are potential sources of variation in animal research. Concern arose that rubber stoppers used to cork water bottles might be a source of some nutritionally required minerals which could leach into drinking water. Six types of stoppers, each having different compositions, were cleaned with stainless-steel sipper tubes inserted into them and attached to polypropylene bottles filled with either deionized water (pH 4.5) or acidified-deionized water (pH 2.5). After six days of contact, water levels of copper, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, three of the stopper types were analyzed for mineral content. Minerals were present in both stoppers and drinking water. Acidified-deionized water generally leached more minerals from the stoppers than did deionized water. The black stopper which is commonly used in animal facilities contained and leached measurable levels of some minerals, but it still can be recommended for typical animal husbandry uses, although other types of stoppers would be more suitable for specific nutritional and toxicologic studies. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA GF778 UT WOS:A1991GF77800003 PM 1658460 ER PT J AU NAIR, PP SHAMI, S SAINZ, E JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR SCHATZKIN, A AF NAIR, PP SHAMI, S SAINZ, E JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR SCHATZKIN, A TI QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF FECAPENTAENES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FECAPENTAENE; MUTAGENS; SOS CHROMOTEST ID COLORIMETRIC BACTERIAL ASSAY; SOS CHROMOTEST; HUMAN FECES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POTENT MUTAGEN; DNA AB Fecapentaenes are a group of fecal mutagens of microbial origin isolated from human stools. Fecapentaene-12 (F-12) and fecapentaene-14 (F-14), differing only in two carbon atoms in the side chain, are glyceryl ethers with a highly reactive chromophoric aliphatic side chain incorporating a conjugated pentaene moiety. Although these compounds are known for their genotoxicity, no test systems have been developed to precisely assess their relative genotoxicity. In this study F-12 and F-14 were assayed for their genotoxicity using the SOS Chromotest in which the induction of beta-galactosidase in E. coli PQ37 was used as a quantitative measure of biological activity. The activity obtained with F-12 and F-14 was compared with that of 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) as the reference standard of a direct acting mutagen. While F-14 was almost as active as 4-NQO, F-12 was only about 25% as active as F-14, the higher analog. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP NAIR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1991 VL 260 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90003-5 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FR982 UT WOS:A1991FR98200003 PM 1904547 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF RICE, LG PLATTNER, RD OSWEILER, GD WILSON, TM OWENS, DL NELSON, HA RICHARD, JL AF ROSS, PF RICE, LG PLATTNER, RD OSWEILER, GD WILSON, TM OWENS, DL NELSON, HA RICHARD, JL TI CONCENTRATIONS OF FUMONISIN-B1 IN FEEDS ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL HEALTH-PROBLEMS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN-B1; FUMONISIN-B2; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SWINE PULMONARY EDEMA; ANIMAL FEEDS ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS AB Ninety-eight samples of feeds associated with 44 cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) and 83 samples of feed associated with 42 cases of a porcine pulmonary edema syndrome (PPE) were analyzed for fumonisin B1, (FB1). For comparison purposes, 51 feed samples not associated with PPE or ELEM were also analyzed. Feed associated with ELEM contained FB1 ranging from less than 1-mu-g/g to 126-mu-g/g with 75% of the cases having at least 1 sample above 10-mu-g/g. Feeds associated with PPE ranged from less than 1-mu-g/g to 330-mu-g/g with 71% of the cases having at least 1 sample greater than 10-mu-g/g. Quantitation was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/fluorescence using the fluorescamine derivative with confirmation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and/or gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 222 Z9 227 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 1991 VL 114 IS 3 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1007/BF00437200 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FQ506 UT WOS:A1991FQ50600001 PM 1886638 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, GL BRINK, GE AF WINDHAM, GL BRINK, GE TI HOST EFFICIENCY OF BERMUDAGRASS TO MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AND MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE BERMUDAGRASS; CYNODON-DACTYLON; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE AB Host efficiencies of ten hay and pasture bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon) for the four Meloidogyne incognita host races and three M arenaria race 2 populations were determined in the greenhouse. Rooted stem cuttings were inoculated with 1 500 nematode eggs, then grown for 60 days, when eggs were extracted from roots and counted. The cultivars Coastal, Coastcross-1, Grazer, and Tifton 44 were resistant to all populations of both nematode species. The cultivars Alicia, Lancaster, and Tifton 78 were resistant to all populations of M. arenaria race 2, but in some cases supported significant reproduction by races 3 and 4 of M. incognita. The cultivars Calley and Maddox were susceptible to all races of M. incognita and all populations of M. arenaria race 2 except for one population of M. arenaria from North Carolina, which reproduced poorly or none on Calley. A common bermudagrass genotype was resistant to races 2 and 3 of M. incognita and resistant to all populations of M. arenaria race 2. RP WINDHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FY586 UT WOS:A1991FY58600009 ER PT J AU GROVER, CA NATION, JR REYNOLDS, KM BENZICK, AE BRATTON, GR ROWE, LD AF GROVER, CA NATION, JR REYNOLDS, KM BENZICK, AE BRATTON, GR ROWE, LD TI THE EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON ETHANOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION USING A SUCROSE-FADING PROCEDURE SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OPERANT TESTS; CONCURRENT SCHEDULES; CADMIUM; ETHANOL; SUCROSE-FADING PROCEDURE ID ACCESS SITUATION; RAT; EXPOSURE; PREFERENCE; INITIATION; BEHAVIOR AB Rats were exposed for 70 days to either a diet containing 100 ppm cadmium (Group Cadmium) or a control diet with no additives (Group Control). Subsequently, all animals were trained to lever press for a 20% sucrose solution. Across several phases, sucrose was faded out as the reinforcer and gradually replaced with a 10% ethanol solution. A subsequent operant choice (concurrent) test, during which pressing one lever resulted in a dipper presentation of ethanol and the other lever provided water, was followed by a single-lever test where sucrose was reinstated as the reinforcer. The results showed that although cadmium-treated rats lever pressed more than controls during the early phases of the sucrose-fading procedure, animals exposed to cadmium lever pressed at lower rats than controls for ethanol during the concurrent test. There were no group differences on the final sucrose test. The possibility that cadmium may alter sensitivity to ethanol is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT VET ANAT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP GROVER, CA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PSYCHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA08283-01] NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FP812 UT WOS:A1991FP81200007 PM 1956584 ER PT J AU YANG, XS MADDEN, LV BRAZEE, RD AF YANG, XS MADDEN, LV BRAZEE, RD TI APPLICATION OF THE DIFFUSION EQUATION FOR MODELING SPLASH DISPERSAL OF POINT-SOURCE PATHOGENS SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; DIFFUSION; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; MODELING; QUANTITATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY ID INFECTED STRAWBERRY FRUIT; COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-CACTORUM; RAIN; INTENSITY; DURATION AB A model of splash dispersal of point-source pathogens is developed and parameterized from experimental data of Colletotrichum acutatum, the cause of strawberry anthracnose. Starting with analysis on a probability density function of a sum of random displacement vectors, the model turned out to be the fundamental solution of the classic diffusion equation. Model parameters were determined for three ground covers (plastic, soil, and straw) and two rain intensities (15 and 30 mm h-1). The nonlinear coefficient of determination varied from 0.80 to 0.96, indicating that the application of the diffusion equation is promising in modelling of splash dispersal processes from a point source over a homogeneous ground cover. C1 USDA,ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP YANG, XS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 118 IS 2 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00980.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FU577 UT WOS:A1991FU57700007 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, AC MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M MORROW, F MCNAMARA, JR SCHAEFER, EJ ENDRES, S DINARELLO, CA AF SHAPIRO, AC MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M MORROW, F MCNAMARA, JR SCHAEFER, EJ ENDRES, S DINARELLO, CA TI THE EFFECT OF FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON PLASMA ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, RETINOL, LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN NORMOLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FISH OIL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RETINOL; CHOLESTEROL ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; VITAMIN-E; BLOOD-LIPIDS; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC PATIENTS; PLATELET-FUNCTION; MICE; HEMOSTASIS; ESTERS; LIVER; YOUNG AB The effects of supplementation with MaxEPA fish oil (FO) on the plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, lipids and lipoproteins in young male subjects were studied. Ten normolipidemic adult male volunteers (25-39 y) supplemented their usual Western diets for 6 wk with 18 g MaxEPA FO per d. Blood samples were collected prior to supplementation, after 6 wk of supplementation, and 10 wk following cessation of the supplement. There was a significant increase (21%) in plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration after 6 wk of FO supplementation which returned to baseline 10 wk after cessation of the supplements. Plasma retinol increased by 14% and plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration decreased by 28% after 6 wk of supplementation. When FO was taken as a supplement to a typical Western diet significant increases in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (7%), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (10%) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL-C) (10%) in normolipidemic subjects were observed. Despite animal data indicating an increased need for dietary vitamin E with FO supplementation, in this clinical trial,the FO supplement administered in this study increased plasma alpha-tocopherol. This increase is due to the 1.35 mg of alpha-tocopherol added by the manufacturer which appears sufficient to maintain plasma vitamin E levels in the presence of increased PUFA intake, at least over a 6 wk period. Retinyl ester content in eight commercial FO products other than MaxEPA ranged from 2 to 2450-mu-g/g FO, with a mean of 315-mu-g/g. The alpha-tocopherol content in 12 other FO capsules available to consumers for over the counter purchase ranged from 18 to 2241-mu-g/g FO, with a mean of 1025-mu-g/g. The effects of ingesting FO supplements with a low content of alpha-tocopherol on the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol needs to be further examined. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 11 IS 6 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80344-6 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FL709 UT WOS:A1991FL70900002 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, JJ AF ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, JJ TI THE MEANING AND MEASUREMENT OF LEAN BODY-MASS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID 3-METHYLHISTIDINE EXCRETION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POTASSIUM; FAT; HUMANS; AGE; NUTRITION; NITROGEN; MODELS; INDEX AB Methods of measuring lean body mass have evolved greatly in the past decade. Because all practical methods of measurement are indirect (i.e., not involving carcass analysis), appropriate models of body composition must be applied. Today's improved precision is due both to better instrument and to improved models based on partition of the body into its constituent compartments. With this improved methodology has come the recognition that loss of lean body mass is associated with survival in starvation, acute illness, and aging. In addition, correlations of lean body mass with immune competence and functional status are beginning to emerge. It remains to be proven that changes in lean body mass in aging and disease independently determine outcome. Interventions that preserve or normalize lean body mass could be important for preservation of vigorous functional status. RP ROUBENOFF, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK08443] NR 62 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 49 IS 6 BP 163 EP 175 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FP315 UT WOS:A1991FP31500001 PM 2046978 ER PT J AU SPENCER, GF AF SPENCER, GF TI A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 5,7-DIHYDROXYCHROMONE SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note RP SPENCER, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA FV221 UT WOS:A1991FV22100012 ER PT J AU SHAH, PS CLARK, L MASON, JR AF SHAH, PS CLARK, L MASON, JR TI PREDICTION OF AVIAN REPELLENCY FROM CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE - THE AVERSIVENESS OF VANILLIN, VANILLYL ALCOHOL, AND VERATRYL ALCOHOL SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SHAH, PS (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 40 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90112-Y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FR376 UT WOS:A1991FR37600009 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, NL PHARR, DM HUBER, SC AF HUBBARD, NL PHARR, DM HUBER, SC TI SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE AND OTHER SUCROSE METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN FRUITS OF VARIOUS SPECIES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ACID INVERTASE; FRUIT RIPENING; SINK METABOLISM; SUCROSE ACCUMULATION; SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SUCROSE SYNTHASE ID MUSKMELON FRUIT; ACCUMULATION; INVERTASE; CUCUMIS AB Recent reports have suggested that sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14), a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis in photosynthetic "source" tissues, may also be important in some sucrose accumulating "sink" tissues. These experiments were conducted to determine if sucrose phosphate synthase is involved in sucrose accumulation in fruits of several species. Peach (Prunus persica NCT 516) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Chandler) fruits were harvested directly from the plant at various stages of fruit development. Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis), papaya (Carica papaya), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and mango (Mangifera indica) were sampled in postharvest storage over a period of several days. Carbohydrate concentrations and activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and acid and neutral invertases (EC 3.2.1.26) were measured. All fruits contained significant activities of sucrose phosphate synthase. Moreover, in furits from all species except pineapple and papaya, there was an increase in sucrose phosphate synthase activity associated with the accumulation of sucrose in situ. The increase in sucrose concentration in peaches was also associated with an increase in sucrose synthase and neutral and, in strawberries, with increased activity of both sucrose synthase and neutral invertase. The hexose pools in all fruits were comprised of equimolar concentrations of fructose and glucose, except in the mango. In mango, the fructose to glucose ratio increased from 2 to 41 during ripening as sucrose concentration more than doubled. The results of this study indicate that activities of the sucrose metabolizing enzymes, including sucrose phosphate synthase, within the fruit itself, are important in determining the soluble sugar content of fruits of many species. This appears to be true for fruits which sweeten from a starch reserve and in fruits from sorbitol translocating species, raffinose saccharide translocating species, and sucrose translocating species. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 22 TC 115 Z9 171 U1 6 U2 30 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 82 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FW453 UT WOS:A1991FW45300008 ER PT J AU WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M AF WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M TI CHANGES IN ASCORBATE, GLUTATHIONE, AND RELATED ENZYME-ACTIVITIES DURING THIDIAZURON-INDUCED BUD BREAK OF APPLE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE APPLE BUDS; ASCORBATE FREE RADICAL REDUCTASE; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; ASCORBIC ACID; DEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; DORMANCY BREAKING, GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; MALUS-DOMESTICA; NON-GLUTATHIONE THIOL; TOTAL NONPROTEIN THIOL ID FREE-RADICAL REDUCTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SENSITIVE METHOD; ROOT-NODULES; ACID; METABOLISM; DORMANCY AB The changes of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and glutathione content and related enzyme activities were studied in apple buds during dormancy and thidiazuron-induced bud break. An increase in ascorbic acid, reduced form of glutathione (GSH), total glutathione, total non-protein thiol (NPSH) and non-glutathione thiol (RSH) occurred as a result of induction by thidiazuron during bud break, whereas dehydroascorbic acid and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased during the same period. Thidiazuron also enhanced the ratio of GSH/GSSG, and activities of ascorbate free radical reductase (AFR; EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR; EC 1.8.5.1) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2). The ascorbic acid content and the activities of AFR, ascorbate peroxidase, and DHAR peaked when buds were in the side green or green tip stage just prior to the start of rapid expansion, and declined thereafter. The GSH, NPSH, RSH, ratio of GSH/GSSG, and activities of GR increased steadily during bud development. C1 GUANGXI AGR COLL,DEPT HORT,NANNING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 130 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 82 IS 2 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FW453 UT WOS:A1991FW45300014 ER PT J AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM DURING LEAF AGING IN TOBACCO (NICOTIANA-TABACUM) SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; AGING; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES; RUBISCO; SENESCENCE; STARCH; SUCROSE; SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; TOBACCO ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SENESCENCE; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENZYMES; ACCUMULATION; ACTIVATION; NUTRITION; GROWTH AB Nonstructural carbohydrate status and activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27, ADPG pyrophosphorylase) and sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14, SPS) were determined during ageing of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cvs KY 14 and Speight G28) leaves sampled from control plants and from plants that had the apical meristem and subsequent axillary growth removed (detopped plants). Over the 30-day period shoot growth increased much more for control compared to detopped plants, but the increase in root growth was similar for both treatments. Dry matter and leaf area of the individual leaf used for enzyme and metabolite analysis were constant over time for controls but increased 5-fold for detopped plants. Ageing of control leaves was indicated by a progressive loss of chlorophyll and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39, Rubisco) activity; loss of these components was diminished for detopped plants. In contrast to chlorophyll and Rubisco activity, activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase and SPS remained relatively constant over time for controls. Thus, under normal ageing conditions, changes in activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase and SPS were not closely associated with changes in the standard senescence indicators chlorophyll and Rubisco activity. The activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase and SPS were enhanced, relative to controls, within 6 days after applying the detopping treatment and activities remained high for the duration of the 30-day period. Detopping also led to increased concentrations of starch and sucrose, but the increases were not well correlated with changes in enzyme activities. The data indicated that the leaves of detopped plants functioned as both source leaves, with enhanced ability to synthesize carbohydrate, and sink leaves, with enhanced growth. Therefore, activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase and SPS were more responsive to changes within an individual leaf than to changes in whole plant growth. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 82 IS 2 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FW453 UT WOS:A1991FW45300025 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF LULAI, EC AF VAUGHN, SF LULAI, EC TI THE INVOLVEMENT OF MECHANICAL BARRIERS IN THE RESISTANCE RESPONSE OF A FIELD-RESISTANT AND A FIELD-SUSCEPTIBLE POTATO CULTIVAR TO VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALBO-ATRUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; ARACHIDONIC ACIDS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; LEAF INFECTION; ACCUMULATION; PHYTOALEXINS; TISSUE; ELICITORS; SUBERIN C1 USDA ARS, RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB, E GRAND FORKS, MN 56721 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80113-4 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GG176 UT WOS:A1991GG17600006 ER PT J AU SCHISLER, DA JACKSON, MA BOTHAST, RJ AF SCHISLER, DA JACKSON, MA BOTHAST, RJ TI INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION DURING CONIDIATION OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM ON CONIDIAL GERMINATION AND EFFICACY IN INCITING DISEASE IN SESBANIA-EXALTATA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOHERBICIDE; HEMP SESBANIA; NUCLEAR NUMBER; PHYLLOPLANE; SPORULATION; WEED ID VARIED GLUCOSE-CONCENTRATIONS; SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; MONILINIA-FRUCTICOLA; ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE; NUCLEAR NUMBER; SPORES; MEDIA; GLOEOSPORIOIDES; AGGRESSIVENESS; BIOCONTROL AB Conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum (NRRL 13737) were produced in semidefined, liquid media, with total carbon concentrations of 4 g/L and carbon/nitrogen ratios of 80:1, 30:1, and 10:1. Conidia produced in 10:1 medium were longer and thinner than conidia from 30:1 and 80:1 media, and a higher proportion contained two, rather than one, nuclei per conidium. After either 6 or 12 h on cellophane membranes, a greater proportion of conidia produced in the 10:1 medium had germinated compared with conidia from 30:1 and 80:1 media. Germination on attached leaves of Sesbania exaltata was greatest with conidia from 10:1 medium when assayed after either 6 or 24 h. Equality of variance tests implied that the leaf environment had a greater influence on the germination of conidia from 30:1 medium than conidia from 80:1 or 10:1 media. All conidial treatments caused losses in biomass of seedings of S. exaltata. Conidia produced in 10:1 or 30:1 media induced greater reduction in shoot height, and conidia from 10:1 medium induced greater reduction in shoot dry weight than did conidia from 80:1 medium. Further research on increasing the efficacy of mycoherbicide conidia by modifying the phyllosphere environment and the nutritional conditions of the conidiation medium is needed. RP SCHISLER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-587 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FQ339 UT WOS:A1991FQ33900004 ER PT J AU MCMULLEN, MD LOUIE, R AF MCMULLEN, MD LOUIE, R TI IDENTIFICATION OF A GENE FOR RESISTANCE TO WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS IN MAIZE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS; POTYVIRUS ID LINKAGE AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) induces generalized mosaic symptoms in selected maize inbreds. During 1988 and 1989, WSMV was detected in many lines in our maize nursery. WSMV symptoms were associated with the expression of the polymitotic (po) marker in a B73 genetic background. The polymitotic locus is on the short arm of maize chromosome 6. An isolate of WSMV (WSMV-W) from naturally infected plants was used to rub-inoculate greenhouse-grown maize plants segregating (po/po or po/+)B73, and the symptom responses of these plants confirmed the presence of a gene linked to po that controlled resistance to WSMV. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis located this gene on either the short arm of chromosome 6 or on the long arm proximal to the RFLP marker locus UMC59. The symptom responses to inoculation with WSMV were also determined for F2 and backcross plants from crosses between the WSMV-resistant inbred Pa405 and the WSMV-susceptible inbred Oh28. The segregation ratios suggested the presence of multiple genes for resistance to WSMV in Pa405. RFLP analysis of plants from these crosses demonstrated that one gene for resistance in Pa405 was also located on chromosome 6. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP MCMULLEN, MD (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 624 EP 627 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-624 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FQ339 UT WOS:A1991FQ33900011 ER PT J AU KEINATH, AP FRAVEL, DR PAPAVIZAS, GC AF KEINATH, AP FRAVEL, DR PAPAVIZAS, GC TI POTENTIAL OF GLIOCLADIUM-ROSEUM FOR BIOCONTROL OF VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLIOCLADIUM-CATENULATUM; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; MINIMEDUSA SP, PENICILLIUM SP, POTATO EARLY DYING; TALAROMYCES-FLAVUS; TRICHODERMA SPP ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB A bioassay system was developed to evaluate fungi for biocontrol potential against Verticillium dahliae. Microsclerotia of V. dahliae were embedded in squares of nylon mesh. The squares were buried in nonsterile soil amended with preparations of the test fungi grown on vermiculite/wheat bran (3:1, w/w). After recovery from soil, viability of the microsclerotia was assessed by observing growth of V. dahliae on agar medium. Glocladium roseum was the most effective species among 11 fungi tested. No viable microsclerotia were recovered from soils amended with G. roseum at a rate of 1.0% (w/w). The isolate of G. roseum used, the ratio of vermiculite to brain in the preparation, and the rate of antagonist preparation added to soil all significantly affected the viability of microsclerotia. The most effective isolate, G. roseum 632, significantly reduced the viability of microsclerotia by greater-than-or-equal-to 36% when grown on vermiculite/bran and added to soil at a rate greater-than-or-equal-to 0.01% (w/w). Three isolates of G. roseum, 632, W14, and Std, were effective in three different soils at -10 and -100 kPa soil matric potential. G. roseum has potential as a biocontrol agent of V. dahliae. RP KEINATH, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 644 EP 648 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-644 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FQ339 UT WOS:A1991FQ33900015 ER PT J AU ENTRY, JA CROMACK, K KELSEY, RG MARTIN, NE AF ENTRY, JA CROMACK, K KELSEY, RG MARTIN, NE TI RESPONSE OF DOUGLAS-FIR TO INFECTION BY ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE AFTER THINNING OR THINNING PLUS FERTILIZATION SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR MAPLE; ROOT-ROT; MELLEA; DEFOLIATION; CONIFERS; FORESTS; PHENOLS; STARCH; GROWTH; BIRCH AB Second-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were thinned to a 5- x 5-m spacing (TT); additional plots were thinned and fertilized once with 360 kg of N (as urea) per hectare (TF). An unthinned, unfertilized stand (UT) served as a control. Ten years after treatment, trees were inoculated with two isolates of Armillaria ostoyae. Trees receiving the TF and TT treatments produced greater diameter growth, leaf area, and wood production per square meter of leaf area per year than did those under the UT treatment. Rates of infection by A. ostoyae were highest in trees that received the TF and lowest in trees that received the TT treatment. Concentrations of sugar, starch, and cellulose in root bark tissue were highest in trees receiving the TF treatment and lowest in trees receiving the TT treatment. Concentrations of lignin, phenolics, and protein-precipitable tannins were highest in root bark from TT trees and lowest in root bark from TF trees. Biochemical parameters of root bark tissue were regressed with incidence of infection; coefficients of determination (r2) ranged from 0.07 (starch) to 0.57 (phenolic compounds). Ratios of the energetic costs of phenolic and of lignin degradation to the energy available from sugars (E(pd):E(as) and E(ld):E(as) were correlated with incidence of infection (r2 = 0.77 and 0.70, respectively). Thinning combined with fertilization may predispose P. menziesii trees to infection by A. ostoyae by lowering concentrations of defensive compounds in root bark and increasing the energy available to the fungus to degrade them. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP ENTRY, JA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 682 EP 689 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-682 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FQ339 UT WOS:A1991FQ33900022 ER PT J AU BERISFORD, CW DALUSKY, MJ BUSH, PB TAYLOR, JW BERISFORD, YC AF BERISFORD, CW DALUSKY, MJ BUSH, PB TAYLOR, JW BERISFORD, YC TI EFFICACY, PERSISTENCE, GROUND DEPOSITION, AND HUMAN EXPOSURE OF POLYMER-ENCAPSULATED LINDANE AND CHLORPYRIFOS USED FOR CONTROL OF THE SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE AB Formulations of lindane and chlorpyrifos were evaluated to determine if polymer encapsulation extended the duration of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) control, reduced ground deposition, increased persistence on bark or reduced potential human exposure relative to emulsifiable concentrate formulations. Encapsulation did not extend efficacy or reduce ground deposition of either insecticide when compared with the standard emulsifiable formulations. Encapsulation extended residue persistence of chlorpyrifos on bark, but not of lindane. The potential risk of human exposure to bark which was still wet with chlorpyrifos was increased 2.2 times by encapsulation, whereas, similar exposure to lindane was unaffected by encapsulation. After the insecticides had dried on the bark, the encapsulated formulations reduced risk to lindane by approximately 90% and by 83% for chlorpyrifos. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,AGR SERV RES LAB,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30367. RP BERISFORD, CW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI ST FOY PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 3488 CHEMIN SAINTE-FOY, ST FOY PQ G1X 2S8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PD JUN PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FP985 UT WOS:A1991FP98500002 ER PT J AU KROEN, WK PHARR, DM HUBER, SC AF KROEN, WK PHARR, DM HUBER, SC TI ROOT FLOODING OF MUSKMELON (CUCUMIS-MELO L) AFFECTS FRUIT SUGAR CONCENTRATION BUT NOT LEAF CARBON EXCHANGE-RATE SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATE EXPORT; FRUIT RIPENING; LEAF CARBON EXCHANGE; MUSKMELON (CUCUMIS-MELO); ROOT FLOODING; SUCROSE ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; SATIVUS L; PLANTS; GROWTH; STRESS AB Flooding the roots of greenhouse-grown muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Noy Yizreel) plants for 4 days reduced sucrose accumulation 36% in the inner mesocarp and 88% in the outer mesocarp of developing fruit. Concentration of the translocated sugars raffinose and stachyose were also lower in fruit on flooded plants than in those from nonflooded plants. In contrast, fruit hexose concentration was similar in both flooded and nonflooded plants. There was no alteration in activities of enzymes associated with sucrose metabolism in the fruit which could explain the decreased sucrose concentration. Four days of root flooding caused no reduction in leaf carbon exchange rate or assimilate export rate, indicating that the reduction in fruit sucrose accumulation was not due to source limitation. Root respiration, measured as CO2 evolution, was approximately 30% lower in anaerobic roots than in aerobic roots. When viewed as carbohydrate consumed, a doubling of glycolytic activity occurred in the anaerobic root mass. Increased demand for carbohydrates by anaerobic roots may lead to a reduction in translocated carbohydrates available for sucrose biosynthesis in the developing fruit. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KROEN, WK (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 4 BP 467 EP 473 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA FR384 UT WOS:A1991FR38400002 ER PT J AU REED, BM AF REED, BM TI MICROPROPAGATION OF MEADOWFOAM (LIMNANTHES SPP) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INVITRO-PROPAGATION AB A rapid micropropagation system was developed for meadowfoam (Limnathes spp. Brown) using four genotypes of three species. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/1 was tested for multiplication, shoot elongation and rooting. Explants were taken from pot-grown plants. The most useful level for shoot growth and multiplication of both floral induced and non-induced plants was 0.5 mg/1 BA. IAA failed to affect shoot growth or multiplication. Explants from non-induced plants multiplied at moderate to high rates on 0.5 mg/1 BA, while those from induced plants multiplied slowly and tended to elongate and flower. Non-induced plants on 2 mg/1 BA produced large numbers of tiny shoots; induced plants did not respond. Shoots of all genotypes rooted on MS medium without hormones and all plants grew normally after transplanting to soil. This system provides a new tool for the development of meadowfoam as a crop plant. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT368 UT WOS:A1991FT36800010 PM 24221402 ER PT J AU MINOCHA, R MINOCHA, SC KOMAMINE, A SHORTLE, WC AF MINOCHA, R MINOCHA, SC KOMAMINE, A SHORTLE, WC TI REGULATION OF DNA-SYNTHESIS AND CELL-DIVISION BY POLYAMINES IN CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS SUSPENSION-CULTURES SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS; BOUND POLYAMINES; CYCLE; DECARBOXYLASE; BIOCHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; ARGININE; TOBACCO; GROWTH; CARROT AB Various inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis were used to study the role of polyamines in DNA synthesis and cell division in suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) was the major enzyme responsible for putrescine production. DL alpha-difluoromethylarginine inhibited ADC activity, cellular putrescine content, DNA synthesis, and cell division. The effect was reversible by exogenous putrescine. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) activity was always less than 10% of the ADC activity. Addition of DL alpha-difluoromethylornithine had no effect on ODC activity, cellular polyamine levels, DNA synthesis, and cell division within the first 24 h but by 48 to 72 h it did inhibit these activities. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) inhibited S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) activity without affecting DNA synthesis and cell division. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. US FOREST SERV,NEFES,DURHAM,NH 03824. TOHOKU UNIV,FAC SCI,INST BIOL,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 126 EP 130 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT370 UT WOS:A1991FT37000004 PM 24221490 ER PT J AU FEIRER, RP SIMON, PW AF FEIRER, RP SIMON, PW TI BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CARROT INBREDS DIFFERING IN PLANT-REGENERATION POTENTIAL SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE DAUCUS; REGENERATION; ETHYLENE; PROTEIN; ISOZYMES ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; CALLUS-CULTURES; ETHYLENE; PROTEINS; INVITRO; MAIZE; LINES AB Cultures derived from domestic carrot (Daucus carota L.) inbreds were found to vary with respect to regeneration potential as measured by the production of somatic embryos in suspension cultures. A number of biochemical parameters previously reported to distinguish embryogenic from non-embryogenic cultures of other species were measured in these carrot cell lines. Ethylene production was found to be inversely related to regeneration potential. The cell line producing the greatest number of somatic embryos exhibited the lowest rate of ethylene biosynthesis, even when grown on 2, 4-D-containing maintenance medium. A specific isozyme of acid phosphatase was associated with embryogenic calli. Proteins visualized by SDS-PAGE did not discriminate between embryo-forming and proliferating calli in all inbreds. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP FEIRER, RP (reprint author), ST NORBERT COLL,DEPT BIOL,DE PERE,WI 54115, USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT370 UT WOS:A1991FT37000010 PM 24221496 ER PT J AU BOLAT, N ROELFS, AP AF BOLAT, N ROELFS, AP TI RESISTANCE OF DURUM WHEATS USED AS DIFFERENTIAL HOSTS FOR STEM RUST SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; GENES AB Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) cultivars (Mindum, Spelmar, Arnautka, Kubanka, Acme, Golden Ball, and Entrelargo de Montijo) used as standard or supplemental differentials for wheat stem rust were studied for resistance to selected pathogen cultures in the seedling stage. The presence of Sr9d in Mindum, Spelmar, and Arnautka was verified by using an avirulent race, Pgt-MCC, to inoculate F1, F2, and F3 plants from crosses of these cultivars with the susceptible cultivar Glossy Hugenot. Mindum and Spelmar had an additional incompletely recessive gene for resistance to the race Pgt-QTH, and Arnautka had a dominant gene for resistance to Pgt-GMC. Tests of F1, F2, and F3 plants from crosses of Kubanka and Acme with Glossy Hugenot indicated that, in addition to Sr9g (verified by using race Pgt-QBB), both cultivars have a single dominant resistance gene to Pgt-QTH. The F1 and F2 seedlings of Glossy Hugenot/Golden Ball indicated that the same or an allelic incompletely dominant gene(s) conditioned resistance of Golden Ball to races Pgt-TPM and Pgt-QBB. However, the low infection type expressed by infection with these two cultures differed. Entrelargo de Montijo had two recessive genes for resistance to Pgt-QTH. Continuous variation to Pgt-MCC in low infection type was found in the F2. However, about one of 64 of the F2 plants gave a reaction similar to that of the resistant parent indicating three recessive resistance genes. Resistance to these two races may be conditioned by five genes. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,CEREAL RUST LAB,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600005 ER PT J AU GULYA, TJ WOODS, DM BELL, R MANCL, MK AF GULYA, TJ WOODS, DM BELL, R MANCL, MK TI DISEASES OF SUNFLOWER IN CALIFORNIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Sunflower seed production has shifted from the north central states of North Dakota and Minnesota to California, primarily because of the longer growing season, but also to escape disease and insect problems of the Midwest. Between 1983 and 1988, the most prevalent diseases observed by county agricultural inspectors on sunflower in California were Rhizopus head rot (caused by R. oryzae), powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum), and charcoal rot (caused by Macrophomina phaseolina), none of which are diseases of quarantine significance. Rust (caused by Puccinia helianthi) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum wilt were the only quarantine diseases observed and these only sporadically. An intensive survey during 1989 detected Rhizopus head rot in 71% of surveyed fields, rust in 30%, powdery mildew in 25%, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum wilt in 20%, Sclerotinia minor wilt in 11%, charcoal rot in 8%, and Sclerotium rolfsii wilt in 6%. Downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara halstedii) was detected for the first time in 11 yr in California in one field during the unusually cool spring of 1989. Diseases that were not observed on cultivated sunflower in California include Phomopsis stem canker (caused by P. helianthi), Phoma black stem (caused by P. macdonaldii), Verticillium wilt (caused by V. dahliae), bacterial leaf spot (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. helianthi and P. cichorii), apical chlorosis (caused by P. syringae pv. tagetis), Septoria leaf spot (caused by S. helianthi), Alternaria leaf spot (caused by A. helianthi and A. zinniae), and broomrape (caused by Orobanche cumana and O. ramosa). C1 CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,ANAL & IDENTIFICAT BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,PEST DETECT EMERGENCY PROJECTS,SACRAMENTO,CA 95832. NORTHRUP KING & CO,WOODLAND,CA 95695. RP GULYA, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,BOX 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 572 EP 574 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600007 ER PT J AU ABNEY, TS PLOPER, LD AF ABNEY, TS PLOPER, LD TI GROWTH-REGULATOR EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN SEED MATURATION AND SEED-BORNE FUNGI SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHOMOPSIS SP; INFECTION; DIAPORTHE; DECAY AB Growth regulators (chlorflurenol [methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate], a morphactin, and ethephon [2-chloroethylphosphonic acid] or ethrel) were applied to soybeans (Glycine max) at midseason to alter the rate of maturation and incidence of seedborne fungi. Maturation rate, measured as the length of late-season growth stage intervals, was studied in diverse soybean genotypes to determine the role of plant and seed drydown on seed infection by Phomopsis spp. and Cercospora kikuchii. Chlorflurenol delayed maturity, extended the length of late-season growth stage intervals, and increased seed infection in entries susceptible or moderately resistant to seed diseases. Ethrel tended to hasten maturity, shorten late-season growth stage intervals, and decrease the percentage of seedborne fungi. Growth regulator effects on soybean genotypes that matured under the same environmental conditions indicate that initial levels of seed infection are directly related to the rate of pod and seed maturation (soybeans with low levels of seed infection have shorter drydown periods than those with high levels of seed infection). The growth stage interval consistently associated with seed infection was from physiological maturity (R7(1)) to harvest maturity (R8). Modification of the R7(1)-R8 interval of susceptible and moderately resistant entries by means of growth regulators was directly associated with changes in levels of seed infection. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP ABNEY, TS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CROP PROD & PATHOL UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600010 ER PT J AU DAGRACA, JV LEE, RF MORENO, P CIVEROLO, EL DERRICK, KS AF DAGRACA, JV LEE, RF MORENO, P CIVEROLO, EL DERRICK, KS TI COMPARISON OF ISOLATES OF CITRUS RINGSPOT, PSOROSIS, AND OTHER VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS OF CITRUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A collection of graft-transmissible psorosis and psorosislike diseases of citrus were compared with a partially characterized isolate of citrus ringspot virus (CRSV-4) from Florida. Fourteen isolates of citrus ringspot and psorosis from Florida, Spain, and Argentina were mechanically transmissible to Chenopodium quinoa and induced local lesions. The infectivity associated with several isolates was separated into top and bottom components by sucrose gradient centrifugation, which is characteristic of CRSV-4. A 48-kilo dalton (kDa) protein, which is assumed to be the CRSV capsid protein, was detected in preparations of top and bottom components from 13 of the isolates. The 48-kDa protein was not detected in preparations from healthy plants or plants with symptoms of concave gum, cristacortis, or impietratura. Thus, there was a good correlation between the detection of the 48-kDa protein, indicative of a CRSV-type virus, and the designation of diseases as either ringspot or psorosis based on symptoms. An antiserum, produced to purified CRSV-4, was used to detect the 48-kDa protein in western blots and virus particles by serologically specific electron microscopy (SSEM). This is further evidence that the 48-kDa protein is the capsid protein of the virus. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. INST VALENCIANO INVEST AGR,DEPT PROTECC VEGETAL,MONCADA,SPAIN. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV NATAL,PIETERMARITZBURG 3200,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600017 ER PT J AU CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE ABBOTT, JA BRUTON, BD AF CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE ABBOTT, JA BRUTON, BD TI POSTHARVEST CALCIUM TREATMENT OF APPLE FRUIT TO PROVIDE BROAD-SPECTRUM PROTECTION AGAINST POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; DECAY; INHIBITION AB Apple fruit (Malus domestica) were pressure infiltrated with calcium chloride solutions at harvest during three separate growing seasons. In 1984, the calcium concentration of Golden Delicious and Delicious apples ranged from 170 to 1,600 and 200 to 2,000-mu-g/g, respectively. In 1988, the calcium concentration of Delicious fruit ranged from 200 to 1,050-mu-g/g; similarly, that of Golden Delicious apples was 193-1,046-mu-g/g in 1989. Calcium concentration was negatively correlated with decay caused by the three different fungal pathogens tested during these three years. However, calcium reduced decay to a greater extent (70%) in fruit inoculated with Glomerella cingulata than in fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum (37%) or Botrytis cinerea (50%). Thus, calcium-induced resistance to postharvest fungal pathogens is broad in spectrum. C1 USDA,ARS,GENET & PROD RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CONWAY, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600019 ER PT J AU HARTUNG, JS CIVEROLO, EL AF HARTUNG, JS CIVEROLO, EL TI VARIATION AMONG STRAINS OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS CAUSING CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INOCULATED DETACHED LEAVES; PV-CITRI; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FLORIDA; NURSERIES; CANKER; HISTOPATHOLOGY; DIEFFENBACHIAE; AURANTIFOLIA; MEXICO AB A wide range of variation in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and aggressiveness was observed among 45 strains of Xanthomonas campestris isolated from 20 outbreaks of citrus bacterial spot disease in Florida citrus nurseries. The most aggressive strains, based on an in vitro assay, belonged to a single RFLP type. Although apparently homogenous in RFLP analyses, members of this group varied in carbon source oxidation. The less aggressive strains comprised a continuum of RFLP types and usually could be separated from the more aggressive group by carbon source oxidation profiles. Carbon source oxidation provided a convenient means for presumptive identification of strains isolated from citrus. Data from the in vitro aggressiveness assays, genomic DNA RFLP analyses, and carbon source oxidation profiles confirmed the separation of these bacteria into two distinct groups designated CBS-A and CBS-B. Based on carbon source oxidation, these strains may be related to some strains of X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. RP HARTUNG, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 622 EP 626 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600020 ER PT J AU CRAIG, J HIGNIGHT, KW AF CRAIG, J HIGNIGHT, KW TI CONTROL OF ERGOT IN BUFFELGRASS WITH TRIADIMEFON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POWDERY MILDEW; WINTER-WHEAT; PEARL-MILLET; EPIDEMICS AB The systemic fungicide triadimefon was tested for its ability to control ergot in buffelgrass at concentrations of 0.00375, 0.0075, or 0.015% a.i., applied at the rate of 1 L/80 cm2 clump of grass, with spray application frequencies of twice per week, once per week, and once every 2 wk. Significant (P < 0.01) negative relationships were found between ergot incidence and triadimefon concentration and between ergot incidence and the number of applications per 2-wk interval. In two field trials with ergot incidences of 71 and 54% in the check treatments, the most effective triadimefon treatment, 0.015% a.i. applied twice per week, reduced ergot incidences to 8 and 2%, respectively. RP CRAIG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS GERMPLASM RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 6 BP 627 EP 629 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM476 UT WOS:A1991FM47600021 ER PT J AU RICKEY, TM BELKNAP, WR AF RICKEY, TM BELKNAP, WR TI COMPARISON OF THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL STRESS-RESPONSIVE GENES IN POTATO-TUBERS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEAT SHOCK; HSP70; PATATIN; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; UBIQUITIN; WOUNDING ID PLANT DEFENSE GENES; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; LIPID ACYL HYDROLASE; INHIBITOR-II GENE; HEAT-SHOCK; FUNGAL ELICITOR; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB Changes in gene expression induced by mechanical injury and heat shock were studied by comparing the expression of several stress-responsive gene families in potato tubers. The steady-state levels of mRNA-encoding ubiquitin, HSP70, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) increased and patatin transcript levels decreased within 45 minutes of impact injury. Nuclear runoff assays were used to demonstrate that the changes in steady-state transcript levels were due, at least in part, to changes in the rate of transcription for these genes. The observed changes in transcript levels were confined to the injured portion of the tuber. Treatment of tubers with exogenous ethylene elicited the same changes in the steady-state transcript levels as impact injury, indicating a potential role for this hormone in the injury-induced regulation of these genes. Two other forms of physical stress, heat shock and cutting injury, resulted in patterns of gene expression that are different from those induced by impact injury. The stress-induced regulation of these four gene families is complex, even though several characteristics of their expression are similar. RP RICKEY, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1018 DI 10.1007/BF00016073 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FV925 UT WOS:A1991FV92500008 PM 1650614 ER PT J AU CURRY, J MORRIS, CF WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF CURRY, J MORRIS, CF WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF A CDNA-ENCODING A GROUP-3 LEA MESSENGER-RNA INDUCIBLE BY ABA OR DEHYDRATION STRESS IN WHEAT SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ABSCISIC ACID; DEHYDRATION; LEA; WATER STRESS; WHEAT ID PROTEINS AB A cDNA clone (pMA2005) of a Group 3 LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein has been sequenced from wheat. The wheat cDNA clone codes for a protein with ten tandem repeats of an 11 amino acid sequence and has homology to other Group 3 LEAs reported in barley, carrot, cotton and rape (L. Dure et al., Plant Mol Biol 12: 475-486, 1989). The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the wheat protein has a molecular weight of 23000 and is a basic, hydrophilic protein. Northern analysis with the cDNA clone shows that dehydration of wheat shoot tissue results in increased transcript levels that correlate with increases in endogenous ABA. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JOHNSON HALL 209,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 9 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1076 DI 10.1007/BF00016078 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FV925 UT WOS:A1991FV92500013 PM 1830822 ER PT J AU CHOUREY, PS TALIERCIO, EW KANE, EJ AF CHOUREY, PS TALIERCIO, EW KANE, EJ TI TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION AND ANAEROBICALLY INDUCED POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODULATION OF SUCROSE SYNTHASE GENES IN SORGHUM-BICOLOR M SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; MAIZE KERNELS; SYNTHETASE; SEEDLINGS; PURIFICATION AB We have used antibodies directed against the two sucrose synthase (SS) isozymes, and the cDNA clones corresponding to the two nonallelic genes in maize to describe sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) SS genes and their expressions at protein and RNA levels. Western blot analyses have shown evidence of two SS isozymes, SS1 and SS2, in sorghum; these were similar, but not identical, to maize isozymes in size, charge, subunit composition, and epitope specificities against both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Tissue-specific distributions of isozymes and genomic Southern hybridization data are consistent with a hypothesis that the SS1 and SS2 isozymes are encoded by two nonallelic genes, designated here as Sus1 and Sus2, respectively. Northern blot hybridizations on root RNAs showed gene-specific transcript patterns and, as in maize, the SS2-specific transcripts were slightly larger than the SS1-specific transcripts. Interestingly, no difference in the size of the SS1 and SS2 polypeptides was detected. Anaerobic induction led to significant elevations in steady-state levels of both SS1 and SS2 transcripts, but there was no detectable increase in the levels of the SS proteins. Thus, both the SS genes in sorghum were significantly regulated at the posttranscriptional level; whereas in maize, only one of the two SS genes was affected in this fashion. Another difference between maize and sorghum SS isozymes was in endosperm-specific polymerization among the SS subunits. Unlike maize endosperm where only the two SS homotetramers are seen, sorghum endosperm showed five SS isozymes attributable to a random copolymerization of SS1 and SS2 subunits, presumably due to a simultaneous expression of both genes in the endosperm cells. Physiological and molecular bases of these differences between these two crop plant species remains to be elucidated. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP CHOUREY, PS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 2 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1104/pp.96.2.485 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT305 UT WOS:A1991FT30500021 PM 16668212 ER PT J AU DEAN, JFD GROSS, KC ANDERSON, JD AF DEAN, JFD GROSS, KC ANDERSON, JD TI ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING XYLANASE .3. PRODUCT CHARACTERIZATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL FRAGMENTS; ALDITOL ACETATES; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; METHYLATION; CELLULYSIN; PATHOGEN; ELICITOR; PROTEINS; TOBACCO AB Induction of ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) leaf discs by the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) isolated from Cellulysin or xylan-grown cultures of Trichoderma viride was dependent upon the concentration of xylanase applied and upon the length of incubation. Arrhenius activation energies of 9,100 and 10,500 calories for the Cellulysin and T. viride EIX xylanase activities, respectively, were derived from the K(m) and V(max) values determined for each enzyme at several temperatures. The two xylanases digested xylan in a strictly endo fashion, releasing neither xylobiose nor free xylose, and no debranching activity was associated with either enzyme. The xylanases released polysaccharides from ground corn cobs, but little or no carbohydrate was released from tobacco mesophyll cell walls incubated with EIX. No heat-stable products capable of inducing ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco leaf discs were found in EIX digests of purified xylans. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Dean, Jeffrey/G-2184-2010 OI Dean, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1208-1023 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 2 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1104/pp.96.2.571 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT305 UT WOS:A1991FT30500033 PM 16668223 ER PT J AU BILES, CL ABELES, FB AF BILES, CL ABELES, FB TI XYLEM SAP PROTEINS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE AB Xylem sap from apple (Malus domestica Borkh), peach (Prunus persica Batsch), and pear (Pyrus communis L.) twigs was collected by means of pressure extrusion. This sap contained a number of acidic peroxidases and other proteins. Two other sources of xylem sap used in this study were stem exudates and guttation fluid. Similar peroxidases were also found in stem exudates and guttation fluids of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Isoelectric focusing activity gels showed that two peroxidases (isoelectric point [pl] 9 and pl 4.6) were present in initial stem exudates collected in the first 30 minutes after excision. Subsequent samples of stem exudate collected contained only the pl 4.6 isozyme. The pl 4.6 peroxidase isozyme was also found in root tissue and guttation fluid. These observations suggest that roots produce and secrete the pl 4.6 peroxidase into xylem sap. Cucumber seedlings were treated with 100 microliters per liter ethylene for 16 hours and the exudate from decapitated hypocotyl stumps was collected over a 3 hour period. Ethylene increased the peroxidase activity of stem exudates and inhibited the amount of exudate released. These observations suggest that xylem sap peroxidase may play a role in plugging damaged vascular tissue. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 10 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 2 BP 597 EP 601 DI 10.1104/pp.96.2.597 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT305 UT WOS:A1991FT30500037 PM 16668227 ER PT J AU SLONE, JH BUCKHOUT, TJ VANDERWOUDE, WJ AF SLONE, JH BUCKHOUT, TJ VANDERWOUDE, WJ TI SYMPORT OF PROTON AND SUCROSE IN PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES ISOLATED FROM SPINACH LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-VULGARIS-L; DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; TRANSPORT; PHLOEM; SELECTIVITY; PROTOPLASTS; ATPASE; LEAF AB The mechanism of sucrose transport was investigated in plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. PM vesicles were isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning and were equilibrated in pH 7.8 buff er containing K+. The vesicles rapidly accumulated sucrose in the presence of a transmembrane pH gradient (DELTA-pH) with external pH set at 5.8. The uptake rate was slow at pH 7.8. The K+-selective ionophore, valinomycin, stimulated uptake in the presence of a DELTA-pH, and the protonophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), greatly inhibited DELTA-pH-dependent sucrose uptake. Addition of sucrose to the vesicles resulted in immediate alkalization of the medium. Alkalization was stimulated by valinomycin, was abolished by CCCP, and was sucrose-specific. These results demonstrate the presence of a tightly coupled H+/sucrose symporter in PM vesicles isolated from spinach leaves. C1 UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH BIOL,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. RP SLONE, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 2 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1104/pp.96.2.615 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT305 UT WOS:A1991FT30500040 PM 16668230 ER PT J AU MA, SX GROSS, KC WASSERMAN, BP AF MA, SX GROSS, KC WASSERMAN, BP TI DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF THE (1,3)-BETA-GLUCAN (CALLOSE) SYNTHASE FROM TOMATO - POSSIBLE ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS PHOSPHOLIPASES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BETA-GLUCAN SYNTHASE; UDP-GLUCOSE; VULGARIS L; MEMBRANE; BIOSYNTHESIS; INACTIVATION; CALMODULIN; BREAKDOWN; BINDING; TISSUE AB Activity levels of UDP-glucose: (1,3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase in microsomal membranes of pericarp tissue from tomato fruit (Lycoperisicon esculentum Mill, cv Rutgers) were determined during development and ripening. Addition of the phospholipase inhibitors O-phosphorylcholine and glycerol-1-phosphate to homogenization buffers was necessary to preserve enzyme activity during homogenization and membrane isolation. Enzyme activity declined 90% from the immature green to the red ripe stage. The polypeptide composition of the membranes did not change significantly during ripening. The enzyme from immature fruit was inactivated by exogenously added phospholipases A2, C, and D. These results suggest that the decline in callose synthase activity during ontogeny may be a secondary effect of endogenous lipase action. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,NEW JERSEY AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 2 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.1104/pp.96.2.664 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FT305 UT WOS:A1991FT30500048 PM 16668238 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE HINTON, A KUBENA, LF ZIPRIN, RL DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE HINTON, A KUBENA, LF ZIPRIN, RL DELOACH, JR TI DECREASED SALMONELLA COLONIZATION IN TURKEY POULTS INOCULATED WITH ANAEROBIC CECAL MICROFLORA AND PROVIDED DIETARY LACTOSE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; LACTOSE; COLONIZATION; TURKEY POULTS; CECAL MICROFLORA ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; FLORA; PREVENTION; REDUCTION; INFECTION; CULTURES AB The effect of intracloacal inoculation with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora and addition of lactose to the feed on Salmonella senftenberg cecal colonization was evaluated in turkey poults. One-day-old poults were divided into four groups and provided 1) no anaerobic cultures, no lactose (control), 2) anaerobic cultures, 3) 5% lactose in the feed, or 4) anaerobic cultures and lactose. All groups were challenge orally with 10(6) S. senftenberg at 3 days of age. Salmonella senftenberg growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P < .05) at 10 and 30 days of age in both trials and at 20 days of age in Trial 1 in each of the three treatment groups as compared with the controls. On Day 30, the number of poults that were positive for Salmonella cecal culture was significantly decreased (P < .01) in each of the treatment groups compared with the controls. Protection against Salmonella colonization was similar in the treatment groups inoculated with anaerobic cultures or provided dietary lactose. Combined treatment with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora and provision of dietary lactose resulted in a level of protection against colonization equal to or higher than did either of the two treatments administered separately. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1350 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FN244 UT WOS:A1991FN24400009 PM 1886842 ER PT J AU GIROIR, LE HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH WITZEL, DA YERSIN, AG IVIE, GW AF GIROIR, LE HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH WITZEL, DA YERSIN, AG IVIE, GW TI THE INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TOXICITY OF KOJIC ACID AND AFLATOXIN IN BROILER-CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KOJIC ACID; AFLATOXIN; TOXICITY; BODY WEIGHT; BROILERS ID SYNERGISM AB The individual and combined effects of kojic acid and aflatoxin were studied in male broiler chicks (Peterson x Hubbard). The experiment had a two by two factorial arrangement of treatments with dietary treatments of 0 and 2,500 mg kojic acid/kg feed and 0 and 2.5 mg aflatoxin/kg feed. The broilers were obtained at 1 day of age and housed in electrically heated batteries with feed and water available for ad libitum intake until they reached 3 wk of age. The toxicity of kojic acid was characterized by significant (P < .05) reductions in body weight, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, serum cholesterol concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and by significant (P < .05) increases in the relative weight of the pancreas, proventriculus, and gizzard, and serum concentrations of uric acid and triglycerides. Aflatoxicosis was characterized by significant (P < .05) reductions in body weight, serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and inorganic phosphorus, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity, and mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Significant (P < .05) increases in the relative weight of the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, proventriculus, and heart, and the serum pyruvic transaminase activity were also caused by aflatoxin alone. The only significant (P < .05) interaction between kojic acid and aflatoxin, which can best be described as antagonistic, was seen through an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. These data indicate that kojic acid is not an aflatoxin synergist at the levels used in the present study. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1351 EP 1356 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FN244 UT WOS:A1991FN24400010 PM 1886843 ER PT J AU WHITESIDES, JF KRISTA, LM MORA, EC KLESIUS, PH GRAY, BW SPANO, JS DRANE, JW AF WHITESIDES, JF KRISTA, LM MORA, EC KLESIUS, PH GRAY, BW SPANO, JS DRANE, JW TI EFFECT OF SURGICAL AND CHEMICAL IN OVO BURSECTOMY ON LYMPHOCYTE DENSITY SCORES AND HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS IN HYPERTENSIVE AND HYPOTENSIVE TURKEYS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BURSECTOMY; LYMPHATIC NODULES; LYMPHOCYTE DENSITY; LYMPHOID ORGANS; HYPERTENSION ID IMMUNE CAPACITY; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; 60 HR; B-L; CHICKEN; INCUBATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CELLS; PERFORMANCE AB The effects of surgical and chemical in ovo bursectomy on the histology of primary and secondary lymphoid organs were studied in hypertensive and hypotensive lines of turkeys. The effects of bursectomy were measured by determining the presence of lymphatic nodules and the presence of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs: spleen, cecal tonsil, Meckel's diverticulum, and Peyer's patches; as well as in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius. No treatment effect on splenic nodule formation occurred, but a significantly lower lymphocyte density score was present in the surgically bursectomized group. Both nodule formation and lymphocyte density scores for the cecal tonsil and Peyer's patches were significantly reduced in the surgically bursectomized and testosterone-treated groups as compared with the control and sham groups. The most consistent depression in lymphatic scores in both the surgically and chemically bursectomized groups occurred in the Peyer's patches followed by cecal tonsils and Meckel's diverticulum. As expected, there were no differences in thymocyte density scores. There was no consistent effect on lymphatic scores due to blood pressure selection; however, the hypertensive line showed significantly lower scores than the hypotensive line in the bursa, cecal tonsils, and Peyer's patches. No differences between the sexes were noted in any organ. C1 AUBURN UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP WHITESIDES, JF (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,129 POOLE AGR CTR,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1362 EP 1371 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FN244 UT WOS:A1991FN24400012 PM 1886845 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, TA ITAGAKI, H TEAL, PEA JASENSKY, RD TUMLINSON, JH HILDEBRAND, JG AF CHRISTENSEN, TA ITAGAKI, H TEAL, PEA JASENSKY, RD TUMLINSON, JH HILDEBRAND, JG TI INNERVATION AND NEURAL REGULATION OF THE SEX-PHEROMONE GLAND IN FEMALE HELIOTHIS MOTHS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; OCTOPAMINE; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; VENTRAL NERVE CORD; TERMINAL ABDOMINAL GANGLION ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; C-14 ACETATE INCORPORATION; MANDUCA-SEXTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NEUROMUSCULAR-TRANSMISSION; LEPIDOPTERA-TORTRICIDAE; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; OCTOPAMINERGIC NEURON; HORMONAL-STIMULATION; CALLING BEHAVIOR AB Female Heliothis moths normally produce their species-specific male attractant (sex pheromone blend) during scotophase, and this production is stimulated by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), presumably carried in the hemolymph. Several lines of evidence indicate that the central nervous system plays another critical role in this regulation. Pheromone biosynthesis was induced during photophase by electrical stimulation of the ventral nerve cord or the peripheral nerves projecting from the terminal abdominal ganglion to the pheromone gland in the tip of the abdomen. Electron microscopy further revealed that axonal branches innervate the gland tissue. Nerve branches associated with pheromone gland cells are enwrapped in glia and contain dense-core vesicles, suggesting that the innervation of the gland might be neurosecretory. Finally, the biogenic monoamine octopamine was nearly as effective as purified Heliothis zea PBAN in stimulating pheromone biosynthesis when injected into intact females during mid-photophase. Furthermore, both octopamine and PBAN stimulated significant increases in the pheromone content of the glands in isolated abdomens lacking a ventral nerve cord but only when abdomens were treated at the onset of scotophase. These data suggest that the regulation of sex pheromone production in Heliothis is more complex than previously thought. Activation of the gland appears to be governed by both neural and hormonal mechanisms, and these control mechanisms depend on photoperiodic cues. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV ARIZONA,DIV BIOTECHNOL,ARIZONA RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP CHRISTENSEN, TA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DIV NEUROBIOL,ARIZONA RES LABS,611 GOULD SIMPSON BLDG,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 07990] NR 67 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 88 IS 11 BP 4971 EP 4975 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.11.4971 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FP087 UT WOS:A1991FP08700085 PM 2052579 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ SCHMUGGE, TJ AF JACKSON, TJ SCHMUGGE, TJ TI VEGETATION EFFECTS ON THE MICROWAVE EMISSION OF SOILS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE; ATTENUATION; RADIATION; CANOPIES; COVER; FIELD AB Research has shown that soil moisture information can be retrieved by passive microwave remote sensing. This is even possible when there is a vegetation canopy present if the effects of the vegetation are corrected for. Vegetation correction algorithms must attempt to include all significant physical parameters, yet they must also only require data that can be readily obtained. Previous research proposed a model that attempted to meet these requirements. Critical to this model is the estimation of a vegetation parameter b that characterizes the canopy. In this study we evaluated published data to determine the functional dependence of this parameter on vegetation characteristics. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,ROOM 205,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 449 Z9 479 U1 7 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90057-D PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GA805 UT WOS:A1991GA80500005 ER PT J AU CHAPPELLE, EW MCMURTREY, JE KIM, MS AF CHAPPELLE, EW MCMURTREY, JE KIM, MS TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE PIGMENT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BLUE FLUORESCENCE BAND IN THE LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE (LIF) SPECTRA OF GREEN PLANTS, AND THE POTENTIAL USE OF THIS BAND IN REMOTELY ESTIMATING RATES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CELL WALL; PHENOLIC COMPONENTS AB The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of vegetation is being investigated in this laboratory for use as a technique for the remote detection of the effects of environmental stress upon vegetation, as well as for plant identification. The fluorescence band with a maximum at 440 nm, in conjunction with the chlorophyll bands with maxima at 685 and 740 nm, has been found to be a critical band in the development of algorithms for detecting stress, and identifying plant types. The identification of the plant constituent responsible for this band is vital to understanding the mechanism underlying its fluorescence changes in response to environmental and physiological changes. The identification was achieved as follows: The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of pure plant pigments were determined. Fluorescence bands with maxima at 420 nm, 440 nm, 490 nm, and 525 nm were observed for vitamin K1, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH), beta-carotene, and riboflavin, respectively. The LIF spectra of water extracts and acetone extracts of clover leaves were also measured. It was found that the blue fluorescence band was associated with the water extract. NADPH which is a water-soluble compound, and the water extract of clover had no fluorescence after oxidation by potassium ferricyanide, while the fluorescence of water insoluble vitamin K1 was unchanged by the oxidizing agent. It was also found that the absorption maximum of NADPH was the same as the absorption maximum of the aqueous extract of clover. The above findings indicated that the compound responsible for the blue fluorescence at 440 nm is in the reduced state and is water-soluble. It was concluded that NADPH was responsible for the blue fluorescence at 440 nm. The strong linear relationship between the fluorescence at 440 nm and the rate of photosynthesis suggests the possible use of LIF measurements in the remote estimation of photosynthetic rates. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CHAPPELLE, EW (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 15 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90058-E PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GA805 UT WOS:A1991GA80500006 ER PT J AU MARCOS, CP SANCHEZ, R PALACIO, M PURSEL, VG GARCIA, TP RILLO, SM AF MARCOS, CP SANCHEZ, R PALACIO, M PURSEL, VG GARCIA, TP RILLO, SM TI EFFECTS OF DILUTION RATE ON THE MOTILITY AND ACROSOME MORPHOLOGY OF BOAR SPERMATOZOA STORED AT 15-DEGREES-C SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article DE SWINE; DILUTION; SPERMATOZOA; MOTILITY; ACROSOME MORPHOLOGY AB The objective of this investigation was to establish the optimal extent of dilution for storage of boar spermatozoa at 15-degrees-C in Kiev diluent. The dilution titers used for the sperm-rich fraction of ejaculates from 8 boars ranged from 1:2 to 1:50. Seminal doses were stored for 10 days. Motility and acrosome morphology were evaluated after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days of storage. The percentages of motile spermatozoa after 24 and 72 hours of storage were significantly higher for dilution rates between 1:7 and 1:11 than for dilution rates lower than 1:7 or higher than 1:11 (p < 0.05). The percentages of spermatozoa with normal acrosomes after 24, 72, and 120 hours of storage were significantly higher for dilution rates between 1:8 and 1:11 than for dilution rates lower than 1:8 or higher than 1:11 (p < 0.01). C1 UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID,FAC VET,CATEDRA BIOL,MADRID 3,SPAIN. INST NACL INVEST AGR,DEPT REPROD ANIM,MADRID,SPAIN. RP MARCOS, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01527.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA FU752 UT WOS:A1991FU75200002 ER PT J AU SAYRE, RM WERGIN, WP SCHMIDT, JM STARR, MP AF SAYRE, RM WERGIN, WP SCHMIDT, JM STARR, MP TI PASTEURIA-NISHIZAWAE SP-NOV, A MYCELIAL AND ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIUM PARASITIC ON CYST NEMATODES OF GENERA HETERODERA AND GLOBODERA SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PASTEURIA; PASTEURIA NISHIZAWAE; SOIL; NEMATODE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; TAXONOMY; NEW SPECIES ID MAX L MERR; BACILLUS-PENETRANS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GLYCINES ICHINOHE; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB This study describes Pasteuria nishizawae sp. nov., a fourth species of the genus Pasteuria. This mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium parasitizes the adult females of cyst-forming nematodes in the genera Heterodera and Globodera. The distinct ultrastructural features and unique host range found for this bacterium separate it from two closely related species, Pasteuria penetrans, which parasitizes several species of root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, and Pasteuria thornei, which appears to parasitize only one species of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus. Because these obligate bacterial parasites of nematodes have not been cultured axenically, the taxonomic relationships described here for each species are based mainly on developmental morphology, fine structure of the respective sporangia and endospores, and their pathogenicity on nematode species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP SAYRE, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 142 IS 5 BP 551 EP 564 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(91)90188-G PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FZ021 UT WOS:A1991FZ02100007 PM 1947427 ER PT J AU LIEFERT, WM AF LIEFERT, WM TI ECONOMIC RENT AND ESTIMATION OF SOVIET GNP GROWTH SO REVIEW OF INCOME AND WEALTH LA English DT Article RP LIEFERT, WM (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN RES INCOME WEALTH PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 269 MERCER ST ROOM 700, NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0034-6586 J9 REV INCOME WEALTH JI Rev. Income Wealth PD JUN PY 1991 IS 2 BP 159 EP 176 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA FX787 UT WOS:A1991FX78700003 ER PT J AU DERISSI, R HALLAUER, AR AF DERISSI, R HALLAUER, AR TI EVALUATION OF 4 TESTERS FOR EVALUATING MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) LINES IN A HYBRID DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GENETICA LA English DT Article AB Choice of tester is important in the evaluation of maize (Zea mays L.) lines for potential use in hybrids. The objective of this study was to determine the relative merits of four testers for evaluating inbred lines in a hybrid development program. One hundred S2 lines were derived from each of two brachytic (br2) populations under recurrent selection, and these were crossed to two genetically broad-based testers (parental and unrelated populations) and to two genetically narrow-based testers (an unrelated single cross and one inbred line). In all instances, variance component estimates of lines were greater than their respective line x tester interactions. Greater tester x line interaction did not occur with the use of narrow-based testers than with the use of broad-based testers. The parental-population testers provided more consistent discrimination among S2 lines. The results suggested that genetically narrow-based testers, such as inbred lines and single crosses, can be effectively used to identify lines having good general combining ability (GCA). There was evidence that unrelated testers and inbred-line testers with poor GCA and good performance per se were better testers for discriminating among S2 lines. The highly significant phenotypic correlations between testers and the percentage of coincidence of selected lines with good GCA suggested that either type of tester can be used to classify 50% of lines with good combining ability. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC BRASIL GENETICA PI RIBEIRAO PRET PA DEPT GENETICA FAC MEDICINA RIBEIRAO PRETO, 14049-900 RIBEIRAO PRET, BRAZIL SN 0100-8455 J9 REV BRAS GENET JI Rev. Bras. Genet. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 467 EP 481 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FY414 UT WOS:A1991FY41400018 ER PT J AU ABELES, FB BILES, CL AF ABELES, FB BILES, CL TI CELLULASE ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPING APPLE FRUITS SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; CELLULASE; MALUS-SYLVESTRIS ID POST-HARVEST VARIATION; RIPENING PEARS; CELL-WALLS; POLYGALACTURONASE; ETHYLENE; STORAGE AB Changes in cellulase, polygalacturonase and total protein were measured during the growth and ripening of three apple cultivars (Malus sylvestris Mill 'Stark Lodi', 'Paulared' and 'Golden Delicious') with the view of establishing the role of these cell wall-degrading enzymes in fruit development. In agreement with earlier work, no endo-polygalacturonase activity was evident at any stage of apple development. Cellulase was present in young expanding fruit and decreased in activity as the fruit reached full size and ripened. Separation of cellulase on MonoQ columns indicated the presence of three isoforms, two of which had molecular weights of 67 kDa. Electrophoresis of proteins from developing fruit indicated that proteins with molecular weights of 24, 26 and 67 kDa increased during ripening. Unlike other climacteric fruit, ripening in apples was not associated with an increase in extractable cellulase or polygalacturonase. The sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies suggest that a 67 kDa protein increased during ripening. The decrease in enzyme activity may be due to the inability of available extraction techniques to release this enzyme from apple cell walls. RP ABELES, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90029-X PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FT797 UT WOS:A1991FT79700008 ER PT J AU ELLSWORTH, TR CLAPP, CE BLAKE, GR AF ELLSWORTH, TR CLAPP, CE BLAKE, GR TI TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN SOIL STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES UNDER CORN AND SOYBEAN CROPPING SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; LIVING ROOTS; TILLAGE; EROSION; LOSSES AB Soil erosion is often less intense following a corn crop (Zea mays L.). compared with a soybean crop (Glycine max L.) Crop residue effects alone cannot account for this differential susceptibility; thus soil structural properties may be partially responsible for observed differences in water erosion between the two crops. Large temporal variations in structural properties have been observed beneath pasture and legume cropping. Such temporal variations may interact with periods of intense rainfall and result in differential susceptibilities to erosion. To help explain differences in erosion, our objective was to examine temporal variations in soil structural properties under soybean and corn cropping. Soil samples were collected from four different locations in Minnesota on corn and soybean field plots and from two greenhouse studies. Samples were air dried and measured for wet aggregate stability and wet and dry aggregate size distribution. The soil water content was determined at time of sampling. A significant interaction between crop and days after planting was observed at all locations, which suggests that temporal variations in structural properties differed between the two crops. The temporal variation in soil properties was very large, with maximum values observed during the season often twice that of minimum values. These findings may help explain differences in erosion and depict the importance of timing in sampling strategies for assessing management impacts on soil properties. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP ELLSWORTH, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 151 IS 6 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1097/00010694-199106000-00002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FV097 UT WOS:A1991FV09700002 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW STEWART, BA PARR, JF SINGH, RP AF UNGER, PW STEWART, BA PARR, JF SINGH, RP TI CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT AND TILLAGE METHODS FOR CONSERVING SOIL AND WATER IN SEMIARID REGIONS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND CROPS; DEEP TILLAGE; WHEAT; YIELD; SORGHUM; EVAPORATION; GROWTH; MULCH; CONSERVATION; MOISTURE AB Soil degradation reduces soil productivity and is a serious problem on much of the land in semi-arid regions. To avert continued degradation, the soil productivity balance must be shifted from degrading processes to conservation practices. Crop residue management and conservation tillage are on the positive side of the balance. When adequate residues are available and conservation tillage is used, soil erosion is greatly reduced and water conservation is enhanced. Water conservation is important for improving crop yields in semi-arid regions, especially where irrigation is not used. A major constraint to residue management in many countries is low production and widespread use for other purposes. In such cases, clean tillage and appropriate support practices such as contouring, furrow diking, strip cropping and terracing may provide adequate soil and water conservation benefits. Where these are not adequate, alternative management practices should be implemented to ease the demand for residues, thus permitting more of them to be retained on the land for soil and water conservation purposes. Some alternative practices include limited or selective residue removal, substituting high quality forages for residues as animal feed, alley cropping, using wasteland areas more effectively, improving the balance between feed supplies and animal populations, and using alternative fuel sources. C1 CRIDA,JODHPUR 342001,INDIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 77 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2-4 BP 219 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90041-U PG 22 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FT071 UT WOS:A1991FT07100006 ER PT J AU GUERRA, AA STEGER, RW GUERRA, JC AF GUERRA, AA STEGER, RW GUERRA, JC TI THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF BRAIN-SEROTONIN IN SEASONAL DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; TEXAS; ACID AB Heads of subtropical boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, contained larger amounts of the brain hormone serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) than reported previously for any vertebrate or invertebrate tissue system. Female weevils had significantly larger amounts of serotonin than the males regardless of age or larval diet. Serotonin concentrations of this hormone increased with weevil age in both sexes. Although relatively large amounts of this hormone were found throughout the year, concentrations increased significantly between August and November, with concentration peaks during September and October. Maximum serotonin concentrations corresponded dramatically to the seasonal incidence of dispersal flight behavior exhibited by overwintering weevils in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and optimum serotonin levels appear correlated to reported seasonal saturated fatty acid (energy reserve) concentrations. In addition, the higher serotonin and fatty acid concentrations correlated with weevil feeding on cotton bolls. Based on this information it was suggested that: 1) serotonin in this weevil could act both as a neurotransmitter and as a hormone, and 2) that serotonin could be associated with the metabolic processes that regulate dispersal and migratory flights in this species. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. OVERLOOK HOSP,CTR MED EDUC,SUMMIT,NJ 07901. RP GUERRA, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX977 UT WOS:A1991FX97700001 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ STANEART, B AF COOK, BJ STANEART, B TI AN OPTICAL TRANSDUCER SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION OF MUSCLE AND APPENDAGE MOVEMENTS IN INSECTS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; STABLE FLY AB A new, inexpensive optical transducer system has been developed to detect a wide range of muscle actions and movement from both large and small insects. Representative myographs are shown for both visceral and skeletal muscle preparations from the stable fly, horn fly, and the cockroach. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TESTING MACHINING & REPAIR FACIL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 124 EP 130 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX977 UT WOS:A1991FX97700005 ER PT J AU CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ BARIOLA, LA DEETER, B AF CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ BARIOLA, LA DEETER, B TI PINK-BOLLWORM IN DIFFERENT COTTONS AND EFFECT OF PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORS UNDER SHORT-SEASON CONDITIONS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL TERMINATION; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; POPULATIONS; IRRIGATION AB An experimental cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., with okra leaf, nectariless and earliness characteristics had lower pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), infestations during late August and September compared to several commercial cultivars. There were no significant PBW oviposition preferences on eleven different cotton types grown in the Imperial Valley, CA in 1987 and 1988. Numbers of PBW male moths caught in gossyplure-baited traps were low through June but increased in July. Different cotton types selected for early, moderately early, and late maturing characteristics responded similarly to the plant growth regulators (PGR) thidiazuron (Dropp(R), N-phenyl-N' -1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea, 50% wettable powder, Nor-Am Agricultural Products, Inc., Naperville, IL) and ethephon (Prep(R), alpha-chloroethyl phosphonic acid, Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co., Research Triangle Park, NC). PGR's were applied to reduce late-season fruiting forms as a source of host material for developing overwintering PBW populations. At harvest, lint yields of different cotton types differed as did the numbers of immature green bolls on the different cottons. Differences reflected inherent maturity characteristics of the cotton types when grown under a short-season cotton production system with early irrigation termination. Combinations of ethephon and thidiazuron or thidiazuron alone were more effective than ethephon alone for reducing late-season immature green bolls. At Maricopa, AZ, under slightly longer growing season conditions, ethephon and thidiazuron did not reduce yields but were less effective in reducing numbers of green bolls at harvest time. The data suggest these results occurred because of temperatures below the thresholds of the plant growth regulators' activity. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RHONE POULENC AG CO,WICKENBURG,AZ 85358. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 132 EP 143 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX977 UT WOS:A1991FX97700006 ER PT J AU DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP NG, SS VIDELA, GW AF DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP NG, SS VIDELA, GW TI GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) ON WHORL AND REPRODUCTIVE STAGE PLANTS OF SELECTED CORN HYBRIDS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; MAIZE AB The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, attacks corn in the whorl and reproductive stages of growth. Experiments were conducted from 1987 to 1989 to determine if corn with leaf feeding resistance retains its resistance to this pest in the reproductive stage and if resistance in the reproductive stage of growth could be detected among a group of hybrids. Staggered plantings of the hybrids were made to allow plants of both growth stages to be infested with neonate larvae on the same day. Larval survival and weights at 7 and 14 days after infestation were used to evaluate for resistance. Significant differences in larval growth and/or survival were found among hybrids within plant growth stages and between plant growth stages within hybrids. Larvae recovered from whorl stage plants of hybrids with leaf feeding resistance weighed two to three times more than those from reproductive stage plants of the same hybrids. Conversely, larvae from whorl-stage plants of some hybrids susceptible to leaf feeding weighed approximately twice as much as larvae from reproductive-stage plants of the same hybrids. These data indicate that the degree of resistance or susceptibility can shift with plant growth stage. There was an indication that a low level of resistance exists among hybrids with leaf feeding resistance infested in the reproductive stage of growth. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP DAVIS, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 144 EP 154 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX977 UT WOS:A1991FX97700007 ER PT J AU AKEY, DH AF AKEY, DH TI A REVIEW OF MARKING TECHNIQUES IN ARTHROPODS AND AN INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTAL MARKING SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; LARVAL DIET; RUBIDIUM; INSECTS; POPULATIONS; MARKER; FIELD; GELECHIIDAE; NOCTUIDAE AB Ecological studies often investigate questions regarding population dispersal, density, and longevity by using a capture-mark-release-recapture method or some variation of it. Marking has been an integral part of such studies and can be divided into six categories: coding, dyes, dusts, radioisotopes, genetic, and elemental enrichment. Elemental composition can also be included in a broad definition. These methods are reviewed here. This paper is an introduction to a conference that focused on elemental enrichment as a marking technique. Elemental marking is defined as the establishment of an elemental concentration or content, in an individual, significantly higher than that carried by the indigenous population. The origin of the technique, history, and numerous questions regarding its appropriate application are discussed. The topics covered range from movement and dispersion studies to the complexities of trophic interactions across species, such as host to parasite. RP AKEY, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 SU 14 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FY114 UT WOS:A1991FY11400001 ER PT J AU AKEY, DH BURNS, DW AF AKEY, DH BURNS, DW TI ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATION AND METHODOLOGIES FOR ELEMENTAL DETERMINATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED IONIZATION SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLENARY LECTURE; FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY; RUBIDIUM; INSECTS; PLASMAS; LEPIDOPTERA; ACTIVATION AB Available analytic methods for elemental determinations of biological samples are reviewed and discussed. Preparation of samples (including wet digestions and dry ashing techniques), analytical standards, and analytical blanks are considered. Current practices of elemental marking techniques and of the use of inherent elemental composition as a marker in itself are presented. Specifically, atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission, X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy, neutron-activation analysis, laser-enhanced flame ionization, and mass spectrometry are considered in respect to elemental analysis of plant and arthropod samples. Emphasis is placed on atomic absorption and prerequisite sample preparation because of the practicality of the technique and its present widespread use. C1 DOW CHEM CO USA,PITTSBURG,CA 94565. RP AKEY, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 SU 14 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FY114 UT WOS:A1991FY11400004 ER PT J AU HAYES, JL AF HAYES, JL TI ELEMENTAL MARKING OF ARTHROPOD PESTS IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS - SINGLE AND MULTIGENERATIONAL MARKING SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; RUBIDIUM MARKING; PINK-BOLLWORM; DISPERSAL; NOCTUIDAE; HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; MARKER; LYGUS; CORN AB Use of elemental markers to study movement of arthropod pests of field crops is reviewed. Trace elements, rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs), have provided a nondisruptive method of marking natural adult populations via developmental stage consumption of treated host plants. Multigenerational marking occurs with the transfer of elemental markers from marked adults to reproductive products, including eggs, egg masses, and spermatophores. For highly mobile insects such as Lepidoptera, recovery of marked eggs is superior to the more typical recapture of marked adults. Preliminary studies required to refine marking and detection techniques are described, and results of ongoing field studies of meso-scale movement in Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) using elemental marking and recovery of eggs are reported. Additionally, the problem of mark variability is discussed. RP HAYES, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROPS INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 SU 14 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FY114 UT WOS:A1991FY11400005 ER PT J AU FLEISCHER, SJ BRIDGES, JR RAVLIN, FW THOENY, WT AF FLEISCHER, SJ BRIDGES, JR RAVLIN, FW THOENY, WT TI ELEMENTAL MARKING IN DECIDUOUS AND CONIFEROUS TREE SYSTEMS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PIN OAK; RUBIDIUM; TORTRICIDAE; INSECTS; LYMANTRIIDAE AB Systemic introduction of Rb into trees as a means of marking insects has been shown to be feasible in two coniferous and two deciduous tree species. Relatively simple application technologies using low rates have proven successful. Injections of solutions, as opposed to implants of dry material, resulted in more rapid uptake and less injury in the tree. Both apoplastic, symplastic and lateral transport occurs within the tree. Distribution within trees varied with tree tissue, height and aspect and was correlated to K levels. Trace element concentration in tree and insect tissue was often directly proportional to application rate. There is a potential of recycling of the Rb within the tree from one year to the next. Insects that have been marked include foliage, fruit, and phloem feeders, and predators and parasitoids. C1 US FOREST SERV,FIDR,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 SU 14 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FY114 UT WOS:A1991FY11400006 ER PT J AU JACKSON, CG AF JACKSON, CG TI ELEMENTAL MARKERS FOR ENTOMOPHAGOUS INSECTS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RUBIDIUM; MARKING; LEPIDOPTERA; LYGAEIDAE; HEMIPTERA; PREDATOR; LYGUS; DIET AB The use of rare elements to label entomophagous insects is a potentially valuable tool for studying survival and dispersal in the field. Prey insects have been labeled by treating their host plants with solutions of the chloride salts of the elements or by adding the elements to an artificial diet. At least three parasitoids, Anaphes iole (Girault), Leiophron uniformis (Gahan), and Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), and a predaceous hemipteran, Geocoris punctipes (Say), have been labeled by adding rubidium to artificial diets of their hosts or prey. The same procedures have been used to label M. croceipes with strontium, cesium, and dysprosium. The use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a graphite furnace makes possible the analysis of micrograms of sample with the elements at levels of parts per billion per individual insect. RP JACKSON, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE & BIOL CONTROL INSECTS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 SU 14 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FY114 UT WOS:A1991FY11400008 ER PT J AU FLEISCHER, SJ HAYES, JL AKEY, DH AF FLEISCHER, SJ HAYES, JL AKEY, DH TI A CALL FOR UNIFORMITY IN REPORTING TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,FOREST INSECT RES,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1991 SU 14 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FY114 UT WOS:A1991FY11400010 ER PT J AU HARPER, RJ LAMBERT, AH AF HARPER, RJ LAMBERT, AH TI ROPE FINISHING - A ROUTE TO PSEUDO TIE-DYED FABRICS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE CROSS-LINKING; DYE-RESIST; FINISHING; ROPE FINISHING; SELECTIVE DYE UPTAKE; TIE DYEING AB Fabrics were rope finished with cationic and crosslinking agents. Subsequent exhaust dyeing of the fabrics led to a tie-dyed appearance. Systems are described to achieve a multicolor effect by using grafted materials that have affinity for different types of dyes. RP HARPER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 6 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FR165 UT WOS:A1991FR16500004 ER PT J AU DUCKETT, KE CAIN, J KROWICKI, RS THIBODEAUX, DP AF DUCKETT, KE CAIN, J KROWICKI, RS THIBODEAUX, DP TI AUTOMATING THE AREALOMETER - EXAMINATION OF THE KOZENY EQUATION SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Samples of eleven cottons with a wide range of fineness and immaturity properties, as measured by the Arealometer, were studied for airflow behavior on an experimental computerized system. Specific surface areas as calculated from the Kozeny relationship were obtained for void fractions ranging between 0.60 to 0.90. The observed variation in fiber fineness with void fraction was unexpected as originally applied to the Arealometer. Nevertheless, both the specific surface areas A and A(H) at low and high specimen compressions, respectively, correlated favorably with results of the Arealometer. These correlations were best when the values obtained on the newly automated system were at fixed void fractions rather than fixed porous plug resistances to airflow as built into the Arealometer. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP DUCKETT, KE (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL HUMAN ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 61 IS 6 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1177/004051759106100601 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FN803 UT WOS:A1991FN80300001 ER PT J AU BELLOWS, RA STAIGMILLER, RB WILSON, JM PHELPS, DA DARLING, A AF BELLOWS, RA STAIGMILLER, RB WILSON, JM PHELPS, DA DARLING, A TI USE OF BOVINE FSH FOR SUPEROVULATION AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN BEEF HEIFERS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUPEROVULATION; BOVINE FSH; EMBRYOS; PROGESTERONE; BEEF CATTLE ID JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE; PROFILES; QUALITY AB A biologically active dimeric glycoprotein gonadotropin (bFSH) produced by recombinant DNA technology was used to determine superovulation response and embryo production in Hereford F1 and Brahman F1 heifers. Heifers received a total dose of either 18- or 24-mg bFSH administered intramuscularly and given twice daily over a 3-d period. Luteal regression was induced with either dinoprost (Lutalyse(R)) or cloprostenol (Estrumate(R)) administered immediately before the fifth bFSH injection. Blood samples were obtained just prior to the first and fifth bFSH injection and 12 h after the last injection. Progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Embryos were collected by routine nonsurgical procedures. Superovulatory response (P < 0.01) and the number of embryos recovered (P < 0.05) were greater in Brahman F1 than Hereford F1 heifers. No significant differences were found due to luteolytic agent or bFSH dosage. Serum progesterone concentration in the initial sample was higher (P < 0.01) in Hereford F1 than in Brahman F1 heifers, and there were interactions in progesterone concentrations between heifer breed and bFSH dose (P < 0.05) and between breed and luteolytic agent (P < 0.05). Residual correlation analyses showed heifers with high progesterone concentrations in the initial sample yielded more normal, quality Grade-1 embryos recovered and frozen (P < 0.10 to P < 0.05). This new compound had high biological activity and gave an excellent superovulatory response within the dosage range studied. Variation in ovarian-embryo traits was similar to that of presently available gonadotropins. RP BELLOWS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,ROUTE 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(91)90355-H PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA FP076 UT WOS:A1991FP07600002 ER PT J AU RILEY, RT SHOWKER, JL AF RILEY, RT SHOWKER, JL TI THE MECHANISM OF PATULINS CYTOTOXICITY AND THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF INDOLE TETRAMIC ACIDS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CALCIUM-UPTAKE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM VESICLES; TIGHT EPITHELIAL MONOLAYERS; MOUSE FIBROBLAST MICROSOMES; CANINE-KIDNEY-CELLS; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; K+-CHANNEL; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MYCOTOXIN PATULIN RP RILEY, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 63 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 109 IS 1 BP 108 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90195-K PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FP133 UT WOS:A1991FP13300011 PM 2038742 ER PT J AU GIBSON, KE SCHMITZ, RF AMMAN, GD OAKES, RD AF GIBSON, KE SCHMITZ, RF AMMAN, GD OAKES, RD TI MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT VERBENONE DOSAGES IN PINE STANDS OF WESTERN MONTANA SO USDA FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; PINUS-CONTORTA; PINUS-PONDEROSA; PHEROMONE; PEST CONTROL; ANTIAGGREGATIVE AGENT AB Five dosages of verbenone, the principal antiaggregative pheromone of mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), were deployed in plastic bubble capsules in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) stands in Montana to determine the optimum level of verbenone needed to prevent infestation by MPB and to determine if beetles dispersed from treated plots and increased infestation in adjacent strips. Although considerable reduction in infestation occurred in stands receiving the heaviest dosage of verbenone (compared to check stands), a statistically significant difference (P = 0.043) was demonstrated only for one of the two tests in lodgepole pine and for neither of the two tests in ponderosa pine. Average percentages of infested lodgepole per plot in the 1989 test ranged from 0.3 percent in the 40-capsule/acre treatment to 5.2 percent in check plots. Beetle infestation did not increase in the immediate area surrounding treatment plots. RP GIBSON, KE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NO REG,MISSOULA,MT, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV INT EXP STA PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 SN 0146-3551 J9 USDA FOR SERV INT R JI USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1991 IS 444 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GD612 UT WOS:A1991GD61200001 ER PT J AU ADAMS, DM HAYNES, RW AF ADAMS, DM HAYNES, RW TI NATIONAL FOREST TIMBER SUPPLY AND STUMPAGE MARKETS IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Review DE MARKET MODEL; TIMBER SUPPLY; NATIONAL FOREST TIMBER SALES; BIDDING; FORECASTING; ECONOMETRICS AB This paper presents an aggregate regional model of the National Forest timber supply process and the interaction of National Forest and non-National Forest supply in determining regional stumpage prices and harvest volumes. Model simulations track actual behavior in the Douglas-fir regional stumpage market with reasonable accuracy; projections for the next two decades suggest that little real appreciation in stumpage prices will occur, that cut and bid prices will fluctuate around each other, and that the ratio of uncut volume to sold volume will gradually decline and stabilize at somewhat lower levels than were observed during the 1960s and 1970s. RP ADAMS, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1991 IS 435 BP U1 EP U1 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FZ307 UT WOS:A1991FZ30700001 ER PT J AU CAIN, MD AF CAIN, MD TI 5-YEAR RESPONSE OF NATURAL LOBLOLLY AND SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION TO RELEASE TREATMENTS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Response of naturally established loblolly and shortleaf pine regeneration was monitored for 5 years after four release treatments in southern Arkansas. The main benefit from release was an increase in the percentage of established pines not overtopped by competing vegetation. RP CAIN, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1991 IS 265 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FV519 UT WOS:A1991FV51900001 ER PT J AU JAMES, LF PANTER, KE BROQUIST, HP HARTLEY, WJ AF JAMES, LF PANTER, KE BROQUIST, HP HARTLEY, WJ TI SWAINSONINE-INDUCED HIGH MOUNTAIN DISEASE IN CALVES SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCOWEED OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; HEART-FAILURE; CATTLE AB Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid in the locoweeds (certain species of the Astragalus and Oxytropis genera), was fed to young Holstein bull calves in their milk at high elevation (3090m), and the incidence of high mountain disease (HMD) was compared with locoweed-fed and control calves. Five of 5 calves fed swainsonine and 5 of 5 calves fed fresh Oxytropis sericea showed outward signs of HMD, which included edema under the jaws, throat area and brisket and gross and microscopic lesions of HMD and locoweed poisoning. Grossly there were HMD lesions, including congestion of the liver, right ventricular hypertrophy, and dilatation and excessive fluid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Microscopically, the severe centrilobular lesions in the liver, edema of the pulmonary artery, severe edema and/or fibrosis of the roof of the right atrium were suggestive of HMD. The mild to moderate neurovisceral cytoplasmic foamy vacuolation of selected tissues and cerebellar neuroaxonal dystrophy in all calves fed swainsonine and locoweed were indicative of locoweed poisoning. In control calves, 1 of 6 showed equally severe outward, gross, and microscopic lesions of HMD, but none had any lesions indicative of locoweed poisoning. The ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle wall weights were significantly higher (P = 0.033) for the swainsonine-fed calves (1.4) and the locoweed-fed calves (1.3) compared to the controls (0.9). Scores indicating the severity of HMD from observations prior to necropsy were significantly higher for the swainsonine and locoweed-fed calves compared to controls (P = 0.032). There was a positive correlation (0.79) between the right to left ventricular weight ratios and the HMD observation scores. There were no significant (P greater-than-or-equal-to 0.05) changes in blood chemistry profiles due to treatment, except for AST which was elevated in the swainsonine and locoweed-fed groups (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01). C1 TARONGA ZOO,SYDNEY,NSW 2088,AUSTRALIA. RP JAMES, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84333, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 33 IS 3 BP 217 EP 219 PG 3 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA FM138 UT WOS:A1991FM13800004 PM 1907051 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF RICE, LG CASPER, HH CRENSHAW, JD RICHARD, JL AF ROSS, PF RICE, LG CASPER, HH CRENSHAW, JD RICHARD, JL TI NOVEL OCCURRENCE OF CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID IN SUNFLOWER SEEDS SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PEANUTS AB Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a secondary metabolite produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, was detected in moldy sunflower seed screenings fed to sows who experienced conception problems and feed refusal. Tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the CPA which was extimated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to be present at 10 ppm. A Penicillium species was isolated from the moldy seeds, but in culture it did not produce CPA. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 33 IS 3 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA FM138 UT WOS:A1991FM13800025 PM 1858315 ER PT J AU SHEN, DT BURGER, D LI, ZQ GORHAM, JR AF SHEN, DT BURGER, D LI, ZQ GORHAM, JR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-I, LOS-ANGELES STRAIN SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; CULTURES; PROTEINS AB We produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), Los Angeles strain, and then evaluated them as potential candidates for preparing diagnostic reagents. Of the 318 cell lines expressing antibodies to the virus, 60% (192) secreted IgG and 40% (126) secreted IgM. Twenty-six mAbs were selected based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization (VN) titers and characterized by immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and immunoblots. The selected mAbs were assigned to one of four groups based on their immunoprecipitation patterns. Group A (4 mAbs) precipitated a complex of three glycoproteins with molecular weight (MW) 130 kDa, 72 kDa and 55 kDa, which presumably represented gI of BHV-1. Monoclonal antibodies of this group were highly reactive in ELISA but had low VN titers. Group B (4 mAbs) precipitated a glycoprotein with MW of 71 kDa (gIV). This group of mAbs had high VN titers. Group C (16 mAbs) precipitated a 97 kDa glycoprotein (gIII). Monoclonal antibodies of this group had high ELISA but low VN titers. Group D (2 mAbs) precipitated a double band of non-glycolysated proteins with MW of 37/32 kDa; these proteins could not be assigned to any of the antigens of BHV-1 previously described. ELISA and VN titers of this group of mAbs were low. To test the antigenic variability of the antigenic determinants which were recognized by these 4 groups of mAbs, we adapted Madin Darby bovine kidney cell-propagated BHV-1 Los Angeles strain to Crandell's feline kidney cell line. After the tenth passage in feline kidney cells, the epitopes on the 37/32 kDa peptide recognized by the mAbs group D were no longer detectable. Additional changes were noted in the electrophoretic mobility of the 130 kDa and 71 kDa glycoproteins (gI) identified by mAb of group A shifted downward. The 71 kDa glycoprotein (gIV) reactive with mAb group B and the 97 kDa (gIII) reactive with mAb group C remained stable. Since clone No. 191 of group B mAb was potent in ELISA, VN, immunoblots and immunofluorescence, and recognized an epitope which did not change under selective pressure, we feel that the mAb produced by this clone are a good candidate for the production of diagnostic reagents. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SHEN, DT (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90097-Y PG 13 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA FU352 UT WOS:A1991FU35200003 PM 1716023 ER PT J AU ZHANG, XY INAMDAR, NM SUPAKAR, PC WU, K EHRLICH, KC EHRLICH, M AF ZHANG, XY INAMDAR, NM SUPAKAR, PC WU, K EHRLICH, KC EHRLICH, M TI 3 MDBP SITES IN THE IMMEDIATE-EARLY ENHANCER-PROMOTER REGION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; B VIRUS ENHANCER; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; EARLY GENE; SEQUENCE; ELEMENTS; DOMAIN C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33999] NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 182 IS 2 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90631-K PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA FM141 UT WOS:A1991FM14100049 PM 1850934 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC COOPER, CM AF RITCHIE, JC COOPER, CM TI AN ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATING SURFACE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS WITH LANDSAT MSS DIGITAL DATA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; REFLECTANCE; RESERVOIRS; EROSION ID WATER-QUALITY; MOON LAKE; MISSISSIPPI AB Algorithms for Landsat MSS digital data are needed to reduce the necessity of calibrating each Landsat scene if these data are to be useful in monitoring programs for surface suspended sediments. In this study digital data were extracted from 16 Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) scenes collected between March 1987 and August 1988 over Enid Reservoir in North Central Mississippi. These data were converted to radiance and reflectance data for comparison with field measurements of surface suspended sediment concentrations. Concentrations ranged from 2 to 168 mg/l during the study with only four greater than 100 mg/l. Linear and polynomial regression analyses were used to relate the surface suspended sediment concentrations with radiance and reflectance. Reflectance in MSS band 2 (0.6 to 0.7-mu-m) and MSS band 3 (0.7 to 0.8-mu-m) were best related to the surface suspended sediment concentrations with coefficients of determination accounting for 71 percent and 68 percent of the variation in the data, respectively. Regressions with radiance data accounted for 36 percent (band 2) or less of the variation. Logarithmic transformations of either reflectance or sediment concentrations increase the coefficients of determination for MSS band 2 reflectance data to 81 percent. Regressions between the ratio of MSS band 1 to MSS band 2 reflectances and concentrations also accounted for 80 percent of the variation. An equation Log(e) SS (mg/l) = -9.21R1/2 + 2.71R1/2(2) + 8.45, where S is surface suspended sediment concentrations and R1/2 is the ratio of MSS band 1 to MSS band 2 reflectances, provided the best fit to the data with a coefficient of determination of 0.82. This equation is essentially the same as an algorithm proposed by Topliss et al. (1990), for estimating surface suspended sediment concentrations in Canadian coastal waters. These equations for Enid Reservoir and Canadian waters suggest that it may be possible to develop an algorithm for widespread use for estimating surface suspended sediments. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BARCE,BLDG 265,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA GR495 UT WOS:A1991GR49500001 ER PT J AU SHAHLAEE, AK NUTTER, WL BURROUGHS, ER MORRIS, LA AF SHAHLAEE, AK NUTTER, WL BURROUGHS, ER MORRIS, LA TI RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT PRODUCTION FROM BURNED FOREST SITES IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; HYDROPHOBICITY; BURNING; GEORGIA PIEDMONT AB Runoff and sediment production was measured under simulated and natural rain from 1 x 5 m plots established on a cutover and burned mixed pine-hardwood site in the Georgia Piedmont. Trees on the study site were cut and removed without mechanical disturbance. Slash was removed, kiln dried and replaced on the slope, and burned prior to plot installation. Three slopes, two rainfall intensities, three rainfall simulations representing three soil moisture conditions, and two replicate plots were used. The experiment was repeated four times during the period July 1989-July 1990 to investigate the effects of temporal changes in surface conditions and particularly root mat and residual forest floor decomposition. Runoff and sediment production from natural rainfall events was also measured from these plots during the period February-October 1990. Results of all measurements indicate that runoff and sediment production were generally low because of the protection afforded by the residual forest floor following burning. However, temporary hydrophobic conditions caused by a dry organic layer produced relatively high runoff rates and high sediment for the first few minutes of runoff for some of the simulated rainfall applications. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP SHAHLAEE, AK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 485 EP 493 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA GR495 UT WOS:A1991GR49500014 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD AF SHIELDS, FD TI WOODY VEGETATION AND RIPRAP STABILITY ALONG THE SACRAMENTO RIVER MILE 84.5-119 SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE RIPRAP; STREAMBANK PROTECTION; RIPARIAN ZONE; VEGETATION; FLOOD CONTROL; HYDRAULICS; SEDIMENTATION; SACRAMENTO RIVER; REMOTE SENSING ID PROTECTION; EROSION AB Stability of vegetated and bare riprap revetments along a Sacramento River reach during the flood of record was assessed. Revetment damages resulting from the flood were identified using records provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and verified by contacts with local interests. Vegetation on revetments along a 35.6-mile reach was mapped using inspection records and stereo interpretation of aerial photos taken shortly before and after the flood. A follow-up field inspection was conducted in September 1989. Revetment age, material, bank curvature, vegetation, and damage were mapped from a boat. Mapping results from both 1986 and 1989 were placed in a data base. About 70 percent of the bank line of the study reach was revetted. About two-thirds of the revetment was cobble; one-third was quarry stone. Revetment vegetation varied from none to large (> 50-inch diameter) cottonwoods. About 10 percent of the revetted bank line supported some type of woody vegetation. Damage rates for revetments supporting woody vegetation tended to be lower than for unvegetated revetments of the same age located on banks of similar curvature. Chi-squared tests indicated damage rates were greater for older (pre-1950 construction) revetments, but were unable to detect differences based on vegetation or bank curvature. Research is needed to generate design criteria and construction techniques to allow routine use of woody plants in bank protection structures. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 527 EP 536 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA GR495 UT WOS:A1991GR49500018 ER PT J AU GOTTFRIED, GJ AF GOTTFRIED, GJ TI MODERATE TIMBER HARVESTING INCREASES WATER YIELDS FROM AN ARIZONA MIXED CONIFER WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT; PEAK FLOWS; PATCH CLEARCUTTING; PARTIAL HARVESTING; MIXED CONIFER FORESTS; ARIZONA ID CREEK; FOREST AB A paired watershed design was used to evaluate the effects of management prescription which included patch clearcutting, group selection, and single-tree selection harvesting on water yield improvement. The harvest created 63 openings, averaging 0.5 ha in size over 13 percent of the watershed area. Stand density was reduced by 34 percent to 30 m2/ha. Average annual streamflow for the initial eight-year period since treatment increased significantly by about 45 percent, or 44 mm, mostly because of increased winter runoff. A greater proportion of the snowmelt-generated streamflow occurred earlier in the spring, while annual peak flows were increased by an average of 65 percent, or about 28.42 l/s/km2. Maximum snow water equivalents remained unchanged. The primary causes of the increases were reduced evapotranspiration and increased snow accumulation in the openings; however, it appears that the partially cut stand contributed to the increases. RP GOTTFRIED, GJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,700 S KNOLES DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 537 EP 547 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA GR495 UT WOS:A1991GR49500019 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J AF GARBRECHT, J TI A DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC WATERSHED MODEL - DISCUSSION SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Discussion RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,SO PLAINS AREA,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 549 EP 551 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA GR495 UT WOS:A1991GR49500020 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, DC WOOLHISER, DA KEEFER, TO AF GOODRICH, DC WOOLHISER, DA KEEFER, TO TI KINEMATIC ROUTING USING FINITE-ELEMENTS ON A TRIANGULAR IRREGULAR NETWORK SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DELINEATION AB Automated extraction of geometry for hydraulic routing from digital elevation models (DEM) is a procedure that must be easily accomplished for widespread application of distributed hydraulically based rainfall excess-runoff models. One-dimensional kinematic routing on a regular grid DEM is difficult due to flow division and convergence. Two-dimensional kinematic routing on a triangular irregular network (TIN) surmounts many of these difficulties. Because TIN DEMs typically require far fewer points to represent topography than regular grid DEMs, substantial computational economy is also realized. One-dimensional routing using vector contour data overcomes the grid-based routing disadvantages but often requires several orders of magnitude more storage points than a TIN. The methodology presented in this paper represents a compromise between slightly increased computational complexity and the economy of TIN topographic representation. We take the unique approach of subdividing each topographic triangle (TIN facet) into a set of coplanar triangular finite elements, performing routing on a single facet and then routing the resulting excess hydrograph to downstream facets and channels via upstream boundary conditions. Results indicate that shock conditions are readily handled, computed depths match analytic results to within +/- 3% and volume balances are typically within 1%. This modeling system illustrates the viability of kinematic routing over a TIN DEM derived directly from digital mapping data. RP GOODRICH, DC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1003 DI 10.1029/91WR00224 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FP651 UT WOS:A1991FP65100002 ER PT J AU WILCOX, BP SEYFRIED, MS MATISON, TH AF WILCOX, BP SEYFRIED, MS MATISON, TH TI SEARCHING FOR CHAOTIC DYNAMICS IN SNOWMELT RUNOFF SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; SHORT TIMESCALES; WEATHER; HYDROLOGY; DIMENSION; RAINFALL; MODELS AB Chaos analysis has altered the way we view natural systems. Complex or random-appearing phenomena may be chaotic and thus deterministic, rather than random. In this study, we used the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm (GPA) to evaluate a runoff time series from a second-order catchment in southwestern Idaho for chaotic dynamics. GPA can identify the presence of low-dimensional chaotic dynamics for experimental time series. A daily runoff record, 8800 days in length, was examined. We found no evidence of chaotic dynamics in snowmelt runoff. Snowmelt runoff measured at a daily time step has a large number of degrees of freedom, which is characteristic of a random rather than chaotic process. These results suggest that the random-appearing behavior of snowmelt runoff is generated from the complex interactions of many factors, rather than low-dimensional chaotic dynamics. C1 USDA,ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1010 DI 10.1029/91WR00225 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FP651 UT WOS:A1991FP65100003 ER PT J AU BEGONIA, GB ALDRICH, RJ SALISBURY, CD AF BEGONIA, GB ALDRICH, RJ SALISBURY, CD TI SOYBEAN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS AS INFLUENCED BY CANOPY HEIGHTS AND DURATION OF COMPETITION OF VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI MEDIK) SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; PLANT POPULATION; VENICE MALLOW; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; WEEDS AB Soybean yields, pod and branch numbers were inversely related to the height of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). This effect was attributed to increasing interception of light with increasing height of A. theophrasti. Reductions in soybean yield and yield components were greater if A. theophrasti was maintained at various heights for only 3 weeks rather than 6 weeks following soybean emergence. This effect was attributed to a longer duration of light competition by the weed. Even when the A. theophrasti canopy was kept 25% below that of soybean for 4 weeks, soybean yields, pod and branch numbers decreased when the weed was allowed to regrow during the remainder of the season, but not if the weed was removed after the initial 4-week clipping period. No reduction in seed yields, pod and branch numbers was noted if A. theophrasti plants 25% shorter than soybeans were removed or allowed to resume growth after the initial 6 or 8 weeks of clipping. Soybean seed size was slightly affected by A. theophrasti canopy height and duration of competition. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1991.tb01750.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FN135 UT WOS:A1991FN13500001 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, JL MASON, JR OTIS, DL HEISTERBERG, JF AF CUMMINGS, JL MASON, JR OTIS, DL HEISTERBERG, JF TI EVALUATION OF DIMETHYL AND METHYL ANTHRANILATE AS A CANADA GOOSE REPELLENT ON GRASS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BIRD REPELLENT; LIVESTOCK FEED C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. USDA,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,RALEIGH,NC 27611. MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FU987 UT WOS:A1991FU98700008 ER PT J AU TOBIN, ME DOLBEER, RA WEBSTER, CM SEAMANS, TW AF TOBIN, ME DOLBEER, RA WEBSTER, CM SEAMANS, TW TI CULTIVAR DIFFERENCES IN BIRD DAMAGE TO CHERRIES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CONSUMPTION; METHIOCARB C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,HUDSON VALLEY LAB,HIGHLAND,NY 12528. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 190 EP 194 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FU987 UT WOS:A1991FU98700009 ER PT J AU LINZ, GM DAVIS, JE ENGEMAN, RM OTIS, DL AVERY, ML AF LINZ, GM DAVIS, JE ENGEMAN, RM OTIS, DL AVERY, ML TI ESTIMATING SURVIVAL OF BIRD CARCASSES IN CATTAIL MARSHES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SONGBIRD CARCASSES C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FU987 UT WOS:A1991FU98700010 ER PT J AU DOLBEER, RA BERNHARDT, GE SEAMANS, TW WORONECKI, PP AF DOLBEER, RA BERNHARDT, GE SEAMANS, TW WORONECKI, PP TI EFFICACY OF 2 GAS CARTRIDGE FORMULATIONS IN KILLING WOODCHUCKS IN BURROWS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FU987 UT WOS:A1991FU98700011 ER PT J AU VOSE, JM WHITE, AS AF VOSE, JM WHITE, AS TI BIOMASS RESPONSE MECHANISMS OF UNDERSTORY SPECIES THE 1ST YEAR AFTER PRESCRIBED BURNING IN AN ARIZONA PONDEROSA-PINE COMMUNITY SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FIRE; SHRUBS AB Species-specific biomass and density responses were determined for three grasses and two shrubs in a northern Arizona ponderosa-pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest one year following a prescribed burn. Sources of response were determined by monitoring changes in surviving plants as well as contributions by new seedlings and sprouts. Results are reported for four overstory types (open sawtimber sites, below-canopy sawtimber sites, and pole and sapling patches). Responses varied among species and within species by overstory type. Sitanion hystrix showed a positive biomass response to prescribed burning in the open sawtimber sites, due to increased growth of surviving plants and a large influx of seedlings. In contrast, in the pole patches, where fire severity was high, S. hystrix had a high mortality and low colonization, but maintained its pre-burn biomass levels through increased growth of surviving plants. Muhlenbergia montana decreased following burning in both the open sawtimber sites and pole patches, because of high mortality, no increased growth of surviving plants, and virtually no seedling colonization. Ceanothus fendleri experienced high mortality in the below-canopy sawtimber sites and pole patches, but often sprouted vigorously following fire. C1 UNIV MAINE,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,ORONO,ME 04469. RP VOSE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 31 PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90037-V PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FR940 UT WOS:A1991FR94000003 ER PT J AU GENEST, J JENNER, JL MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM SILBERMAN, SR WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF GENEST, J JENNER, JL MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM SILBERMAN, SR WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI PREVALENCE OF LIPOPROTEIN (A) [LP(A)] EXCESS IN CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; RISK FACTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN; HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMINOGEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HETEROGENEITY; ACTIVATION AB Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is composed of 1 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle, to which 1 molecule of apolipoprotein (a) is covalently linked. Elevated levels of Lp(a) have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and Lp(a) has been shown to be highly heritable. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of familial Lp(a) excess in patients with CAD. We determined plasma levels of Lp(a) in 180 patients (150 men and 30 women) with angiographically documented CAD before age 60 years, and in 459 control subjects (276 men and 183 women) clinically free of cardiovascular disease. In addition, Lp(a) levels were determined in families of 102 of the CAD probands (87 men and 15 women). No gender differences in Lp(a) levels were observed between men and women (patients or control subjects). Patients with CAD had higher Lp(a) levels than did control subjects (19 +/- 21 vs 13 +/- 15 mg/dl, p < 0.001). The prevalence of Lp(a) excess (defined as > 90th percentile of controls) was 17% in patients with CAD (p < 0.05). Lp(a) levels were not correlated with cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or apolipoproteins A-I or B. There was a weak correlation between Lp(a) and triglycerides (r = 0.166, p < 0.05) in patients and control subjects. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that Lp(a) was a risk factor for the presence of CAD in men, independent of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, LDL and HDL cholesterol, or apolipoprotein A-I and B levels. Family studies revealed that Lp(a) levels are strongly genetically determined. Spearman rank correlations for Lp(a) levels between proband-spouse (r = -0.004, p = 0.948) and midparent-midoffspring (r = 0.580, p < 0.001) indicate that Lp(a) levels are largely genetically determined. The prevalence of familial Lp(a) excess was 16% (14 of 87) in men and 20% (6 of 30) in women. Our data indicate that Lp(a) is a common genetic disorder in patients with premature CAD and that it is highly heritable. In addition, Lp(a) levels are independent of other lipoprotein parameters. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. TERUMO MED CORP,ELKTON,MD. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV 83-03, HL 35243] NR 36 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 13 BP 1039 EP 1045 DI 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90862-F PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA FL100 UT WOS:A1991FL10000001 PM 1827234 ER PT J AU AZEREDOESPIN, AML SCHRODER, RFW HUETTEL, MD SHEPPARD, WS AF AZEREDOESPIN, AML SCHRODER, RFW HUETTEL, MD SHEPPARD, WS TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION IN GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; RFLP; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; POPULATION GENETICS ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; SEQUENCE RELATEDNESS; HAWAIIAN DROSOPHILA; EVOLUTION; MELANOGASTER AB This study demonstrates variability in restriction enzyme cleavage sites of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among four populations of Colorado potato beetle (CPB). A suite of three enzymes (EcoRI, HpaI, PstI) was sufficient to discriminate among the populations tested. Individuals heteroplasmic for restriction enzyme patterns were found in some populations. Variability in CPB mtDNA should prove useful in efforts to trace the origin and dispersal of the species in North America. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Azeredo Espin, Ana/N-2213-2015 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD MAY 15 PY 1991 VL 47 IS 5 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1007/BF01959950 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FP338 UT WOS:A1991FP33800031 ER PT J AU SHEN, JB OROZCO, EM OGREN, WL AF SHEN, JB OROZCO, EM OGREN, WL TI EXPRESSION OF THE 2 ISOFORMS OF SPINACH RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVASE AND ESSENTIALITY OF THE CONSERVED LYSINE IN THE CONSENSUS NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING DOMAIN SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI F1-ATPASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; BETA-SUBUNIT; PROTEIN; ATP; SITE; PURIFICATION; REPLACEMENT AB The two isoforms of ribulose 1,2-bisphosphate carboxylase activase (Rbu-P2 carboxylase) from spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) were individually purified from Escherichia coli transformed with expression vectors for the appropriate cDNAs. Both isoforms catalyzed activation of Rbu-P2 carboxylase (ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, EC 4.1.1.39) and ATP hydrolysis. The kinetics of the two isoforms with respect to ATP concentration were different, in that the 45-kDa polypeptide exhibited a sigmoidal response while a rectangular response was observed with the 41-kDa isoform. These observations suggest that the additional domain at the C terminus of the 45-kDa isoform modulates the ATP regulation of activity. Lysine 169, at the putative ATP-binding site of the 41-kDa form of Rbu-P2 carboxylase activase, was changed to arginine, isoleucine, and threonine by directed mutagenesis. These mutations abolished Rbu-P2 carboxylase activase and ATPase activities, as well as the capability of the protein to bind ATP. These results confirm that lysine 169 is an essential residue. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 29 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 14 BP 8963 EP 8968 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FM038 UT WOS:A1991FM03800049 PM 1827441 ER PT J AU MARTIN, CJ EVANS, WJ AF MARTIN, CJ EVANS, WJ TI INACTIVATION OF INTESTINAL ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE BY INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE-CU(II) COORDINATE-COMPLEXES SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIVALENT-CATION INTERACTIONS; PHYTIC ACID; ION INTERACTIONS; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-A; CHELATING-AGENTS; BINDING; COPPER(II); CO(II); ZN(II); HEAT AB Alkaline phosphatase (APase) was > 99% inactivated upon incubation with myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) and Cu(II) ions. In the absence of Cu(II), IHP did not inactivate the enzyme. Likewise, cupric ions alone did not produce inactivation. Reactions of APase with IHP plus Cu(II) were competitively inhibited by zinc ions. In contrast to the marked effect of (IHP-Cu) chelate complexes on APase activity, the complexes of IHP with either Zn(II) or Mn(II) had no discernable effect. Both the extent and the rate of activity loss were dependent on the combined IHP and Cu(II) concentration. At an IHP to Cu(II) ratio of 11.6, the extent of inactivation was approximately proportional to the Cu(II) concentration with maximal inactivation attained above 10-mu-M. Under the same conditions, a nonlinear relation (saturation kinetics) was observed between the pseudo first-order rate constants for the reaction and the IHP and Cu(II) concentration. On the basis of adherence of the data to a mechanism involving an intermediate whose concentration was rate determining, it was suggested that a ternary complexes composed of the apoprotein, the catalytic site zinc ions, and one or more specific IHP-Cu(II) complex ([IHP-Cu]*) may be the first step along the reaction coordinate. Relevant to this possibility which assumes active site interaction is the fact that both IHP alone and (IHP-Cu) complexes are good competitive inhibitors of p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis under the same solution conditions wherein APase inactivation occurs in the absence of substrate. Rates of enzyme inactivation are decreased with an increase in pH from 6.5 to 8.0. They are also dependent upon buffer type and concentration, apparently related to their association constants for cupric ion binding. Over and above such specific effects, rates of inactivation are also reduced with an increase in ionic strength. Depending on the ratio and concentrations of IHP and Cu(II) used in the reaction with APase, subsequent exposure to EDTA followed by assay in the presence of Zn(II) gave recoveries of activity ranging from 60% to 100%. Both the prior inactivated enzyme (containing IHP and cupric ions) in the presence of EDTA and the native APase upon simultaneous exposure to IHP, Cu(II), and EDTA were slowly and irreversibly inactivated. Correction for this effect gave reconstitution of activity of the (IHP-Cu)-inactivated APase by Zn(II) addition equivalent to that which could be obtained by EDTA-treatment of the native enzyme. A possible interpretation of the overall results obtained is that a metal ion exchange occurs in the reaction of APase with IHP and Cu(II), i.e., substitution of the catalytic zinc atoms for copper atoms. Such an exchange reaction has been shown to occur in the reaction of (IHP-Cu) complexes with carboxypeptidase A. However, since the IHP and Cu(II) concentrations used in the enzyme inactivation reaction have a definite effect on the recovery of activity by Zn(II) addition after short-term EDTA exposure, other reactions that lead to irreversible inactivation probably occur. C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP MARTIN, CJ (reprint author), UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT BIOCHEM,3333 GREEN BAY RD,N CHICAGO,IL 60064, USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAY 15 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 3 BP 161 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0162-0134(91)84002-Q PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FK858 UT WOS:A1991FK85800002 PM 1880498 ER PT J AU MARTIN, CJ EVANS, WJ AF MARTIN, CJ EVANS, WJ TI REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF INTESTINAL ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE BY INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE AND ITS CU(II) COORDINATE-COMPLEXES SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC ACID AB The influence of inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) and its cupric ion chelate complexes on alkaline phosphatase (APase) catalysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis at pH 7.2 has been determined. Both IHP and (IHP-Cu) complexes, but not Cu(II) alone, are effective inhibitors of the enzyme and are of the strictly competitive type with K(i) values in the mu-M range. Without added inhibitors present, the kinetic parameters are k(cat) 5.7 x 10(3) min-1; and K(M), 18-mu-M. In the presence of 62-mu-M IHP, k(cat) was essentially unchanged with an apparent K(M) of 68-mu-M giving a K(i) of 22-mu-M. In the presence of an (IHP-Cu) complex (62-mu-M IHP, 128-mu-M Cu(II)), the apparent K(M) was 55-mu-M and K(i) was 30-mu-M. At a ratio of Cu(II):IHP of 6.0 (372:62-mu-M) the apparent K(M) was 30-mu-M and K(i) was 94-mu-M. The inhibitory effect of (IHP-Cu) complexes thus decreases as the IHP binding sites for cupric ions become saturated. A high ionic strength environment markedly reduces the inhibitory effect of IHP. Previous studies have also shown that rates of APase inactivation by (IHP-Cu) complexes are also ionic strength sensitive [1]. The inhibition of APase activity by either IHP or its coordinate complexes with cupric ions is evidence for their interaction at the enzyme's catalytic sites. Such results thus provide support for an essential element of the mechanism previously suggested for the reversible inactivation (as opposed to inhibition) of APase by (IHP-Cu) chelate complexes, viz., that it may be due to a metal ion exchange reaction leading to the formation of a Cu(II)-substituted enzyme. C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP MARTIN, CJ (reprint author), UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT BIOCHEM,3333 GREEN BAY RD,N CHICAGO,IL 60064, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAY 15 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0162-0134(91)84003-R PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FK858 UT WOS:A1991FK85800003 PM 1880499 ER PT J AU SANDQUIST, RE ERICKSON, VJ AF SANDQUIST, RE ERICKSON, VJ TI CARRY-OVER EFFECTS OF TRUNK-IMPLANTED ACEPHATE FOR PROTECTING DOUGLAS-FIR FROM WESTERN-SPRUCE-BUDWORM DEFOLIATION SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ORTHENE MEDICAPS; GRAND FIR AB Carry-over effects of the systemic insecticide acephate (O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) were evaluated 1 year after Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, were implanted. Trees had protection from western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Freeman) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the year after treatment. Foliage protection with implants installed 1 week after vegetative bud-burst was similar to its protection the first year. Foliage protection with implants installed 3 weeks before vegetative bud-burst was less than its protection the first year, less than the later implants, and slightly more than untreated controls. C1 UMATILLA NATL FOREST,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP SANDQUIST, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG,POB 3623,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 10 PY 1991 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90094-C PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FQ058 UT WOS:A1991FQ05800008 ER PT J AU LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE STEFFENS, GL MUROFUSHI, N AF LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE STEFFENS, GL MUROFUSHI, N TI GRADIENT C18 HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF GIBBERELLINS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS AB Retention times of 66 gibberellins (GAs) in gradient C18 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are reported. These include the retention times of 21 new GAs added to our previously reported 24 GAs. Retention times of the other 21 GAs are the ranges estimated from previously reported C18 HPLC. The polarity order (elution order) of GAs with hydroxyl groups at different locations and orientations is 12-alpha > 13 > 11-beta > 16-alpha > 1-alpha > 2-alpha > 15-beta > 1-beta > 2-beta > 3-alpha > 3-beta. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT AGR CHEM,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP LIN, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAY 10 PY 1991 VL 543 IS 2 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)95798-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FN987 UT WOS:A1991FN98700020 ER PT J AU SHIOMI, N ONODERA, S CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA AF SHIOMI, N ONODERA, S CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA TI SEPARATION OF FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE ISOMERS BY ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS L; ROOTS; PURIFICATION C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP SHIOMI, N (reprint author), RAKUNO GAKUEN UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,EBETSU,HOKKAIDO 069,JAPAN. NR 11 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0002-1369 J9 AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO PD MAY PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1428 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FN869 UT WOS:A1991FN86900039 ER PT J AU VANSCHILFGAARDE, J AF VANSCHILFGAARDE, J TI WHAT WE ARE DOING TO WATER SO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP VANSCHILFGAARDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0002-1458 J9 AGR ENG PD MAY PY 1991 VL 72 IS 3 BP 8 EP 10 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA FJ999 UT WOS:A1991FJ99900005 ER PT J AU SILVA, JM AF SILVA, JM TI GYPSY MOTHS - THWARTING THEIR WANDERING WAYS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SILVA, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200001 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI DWARF IN SIZE - GIANT IN PRODUCTIVITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200002 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI CUTTING ENERGY COSTS FOR IRRIGATION SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200003 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI MAKING THE PLANT-SOIL NUTRITION CONNECTION SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200004 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI SALAD DAYS OF A LETTUCE BREEDER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200005 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI WALKING - BACKMENDING EXERCISE FOR WOMEN SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200006 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI BABESIOSIS TEST IS ON THE FAST TRACK SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200007 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B AF HARDIN, B TI NOW ITS SUGAR - NOW ITS ALTERNAN SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200008 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI WHEAT HARDNESS - HIGH-PRECISION KNIFE TELLS ALL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FR732 UT WOS:A1991FR73200009 ER PT J AU HUNSAKER, DJ BUCKS, DA JAYNES, DB AF HUNSAKER, DJ BUCKS, DA JAYNES, DB TI IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY OF LEVEL BASINS AS INFLUENCED BY VARIATIONS IN SOIL-WATER CONTENT AND SURFACE ELEVATION SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION; YIELD; FIELD AB Spatial variability in soils and surface elevation is an important consideration in the design and management of surface irrigated level basin systems. Field studies were conducted on a variable sandy loam soil in central Arizona to evaluate how the nonuniformities in in the antecedent soil water content (prior to irrigation) and field surface level affected the uniformity of infiltrated water for a level basin irrigation system. Relationships between the soil water content and the sand, silt and clay fractions were described for a 4.2-ha experimental site, which was separated into 12 basins and planted to wheat in 1985 and 1986. Measured water distribution uniformities (average low quater infiltrated depth/average infiltrated depth) were between 13-27% lower than that of an idealized uniformity of 98% where only infiltration opportunity time differences affect infiltrated depth uniformity. However, 0.51 to 0.68 of the variability in infiltrated depth could be explained differences in the antecedent soil water content (0-1.0 m soil depth), while as much as 0.23 of the infiltrated depth variability, and 0.60 of the variability in deep percolation, was explained by nonuniformities in surface elevation. For a properly designed level basin system on sandy loam, distribution uniformities of 85% or more should be attained when 85% of the basin elevation is within +/- 15 mm of the mean, provided the antecedent water content variability is on the order of 0.15 or less. However, those proposing to use level basins which have more extensive soil and water content variability should maintain a leveling precision, such that 100% of the basin is within +/- 15 mm to attain high distribution uniformities. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP HUNSAKER, DJ (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 325 EP 340 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(91)90025-E PG 16 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA FK706 UT WOS:A1991FK70600004 ER PT J AU MOORMAN, TB DOWLER, CC AF MOORMAN, TB DOWLER, CC TI HERBICIDE AND ROTATION EFFECTS ON SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS AND CROP YIELDS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; SOYBEAN ROOTS; TRIFLURALIN; PLANT; WHEAT; FERTILIZATION; COLONIZATION; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUES AB The effects of long-term use of the herbicides, trifluralin and alachlor, on crop yields and microbial populations were determined for continuous and rotated corn and soybeans under field conditions. Seven previous annual herbicide applications produced no lasting differences in populations of soil fungi, cellulolytic bacteria, pectinolytic bacteria, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., or Gram-positive bacteria. Both herbicides caused temporary fluctuations in the populations of soil and rhizosphere bacteria. The effects of crop rotation on these microbial groups were confined to sampling times following crop residue incorporation. The average yield of rotated soybeans was 12% greater than that of continuous soybeans. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31794. RP MOORMAN, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 311 EP 325 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90081-8 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK128 UT WOS:A1991FK12800003 ER PT J AU WOOD, CW PETERSON, GA WESTFALL, DG COLE, CV WILLIS, WO AF WOOD, CW PETERSON, GA WESTFALL, DG COLE, CV WILLIS, WO TI NITROGEN-BALANCE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF NEWLY ESTABLISHED NO-TILL DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRASSLAND SOILS; GREAT PLAINS; BUDGET AB Soil-crop management affects the soil-N balance and, thus, has a direct bearing on soil productivity. This study determined the effects of cropping intensity (crops/time) under no-till and grassland establishment on aboveground biomass production and the system-N balance after 4 yr (1985-1989). The effects were examined across toposequences in the West Central Great Plains that had been tilled and frequently fallowed for > 50 yr. Production systems included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (WF), wheat-corn (Zea mays L.) or sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.)-millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)-fallow (WCMF), and perennial grass (CG). Intense agronomic systems (WCMF) had greater aboveground production, greater N uptake, and greater percent plant residue retention than WF. Continuous grass systems had less aboveground production and N uptake but greater percent plant residue retention than agronomic systems. Soil-profile NO3-N was lower under WCMF systems than WF systems, but organic N showed the opposite trend implying that more intense systems are at less risk for NO3-N leaching, and have greater potential for replenishment of soil-organic N via enhanced immobilization. Aboveground biomass production and plant residue production increased downslope, but slope position had little effect on plant-N uptake, plant residue retention, or soil-N dynamics. Imposing no-till and perennial grassland systems created a N-balance disequilibrium, but more time will be required to ascertain the trajectory of N loss or gain due to establishment of no-till or grassland management on these soils. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NAT RESOURCES ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WOOD, CW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,202 FUNCHESS HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 519 EP 526 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200001 ER PT J AU FRITZ, JO COLLINS, M AF FRITZ, JO COLLINS, M TI YIELD, DIGESTIBILITY, AND CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF ENDOPHYTE FREE AND INFECTED TALL FESCUE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FORAGE COMPOSITION; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; SEED; PERFORMANCE; DIGESTION; TOXICITY; GROWTH; CATTLE AB Utilization of low-endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has been shown to improve animal performance; however, insufficient information is available on the direct effects of endophyte infection on the productivity and composition of tall fescue herbage. A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of A. coenophialum infection on the yield, digestibility, and chemical composition of tall fescue. Endophyte-free (EF) and endophyte-infected (EI) plots for each of two tall fescue cultivars (Kenhy and Kentucky 31) were established in August 1985 on a Maury slit loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalt) soil. Dry matter yields were determined for three harvests made in 1986 and 1987. Total N, fiber composition, and in vitro rate and extent of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion were determined on samples of first and second harvest forage. Dry matter yields were not affected by infection status and averaged 0.80 and 0.83 Mg ha-1 in 1986 and 1.69 and 1.79 Mg ha-1 in 1987 for EF and EI tall fescue, respectively. Endophyte infection status had no effect on the rate or extent of NDF digestion. Rate of NDF digestion averaged 0.056 and 0.055 h-1 for EF and EI tall fescue, respectively. Endophytic infection also had no influence on the N concentration or fiber composition of tall fescue. The results of this study suggests that A. coenophialum does not have a significant effect on the digestibility or chemical composition of tall fescue. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP FRITZ, JO (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200004 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JC HILL, NS MOSJIDIS, JA WINDHAM, WR AF PETERSEN, JC HILL, NS MOSJIDIS, JA WINDHAM, WR TI SCREENING SERICEA-LESPEDEZA GERMPLASM FOR HERBAGE QUALITY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; TANNIN CONCENTRATION; PRESERVATION METHOD; CONDENSED TANNINS; FORAGE QUALITY; SORGHUM GRAIN; VANILLIN; DIGESTIBILITY; ASSAY AB Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don] is recognized as being a relatively poor quality forage because of high concentrations of tannins in its leaves. Therefore, an accurate assessment of tannins in the leaves is essential for the selection of low tannin lines. The objectives of our research were to investigate improved methods of tannin analysis for the screening of the lespedeza germplasm, and to determine the relationship between in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), and leaf tannins. Field experiments containing 81 lespedeza entries were established at two locations. Herbage samples were harvested twice during the growing season for 2 yr and the leaves analyzed for IVDMD, CP, and tannin concentration by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Results of an HCl-vanillin analysis of aqueous acetone extracts of fresh-frozen samples (ACE-FF) and oven-dried samples (ACE-OD), and methanolic extracts of oven-dried samples (MET-OD) were used to derive the NIRS tannin equations. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) were lowest for the MET-OD data and highest for the ACE-FF data. However, coefficients of variation (CV) were inversely proportional to SEC. Coefficients of variation of field experiments were also lowest when samples were analyzed by the NIRS tannin equation derived from ACE-FF data. Differences in tannin concentration, CP, and IVDMD existed among entries, locations, and seasons. Differences between locations and seasons were due to changes in moisture and temperature. Strong negative correlations were found for the ACE-FF tannin data and IVDMD (r = -0.90 to -0.92), and ACE-FF data and CP (r = -0.66 to -0.70) relationships. Our results indicate that the tannin analysis of ACE-FF is a better reference method for NIRS calibration and subsequent screening of the lespedeza germplasm, and that the relationships between tannins, CP and IVDMD, suggest that a significant improvement in herbage quality may be achieved. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200016 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N LILLEHOJ, EB WIDSTROM, NW KANG, MS WEST, DR PAYNE, GA CLEVELAND, TE CALVERT, OH FORTNUM, BA AF SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N LILLEHOJ, EB WIDSTROM, NW KANG, MS WEST, DR PAYNE, GA CLEVELAND, TE CALVERT, OH FORTNUM, BA TI AFLATOXIN IN CORN HYBRIDS FIELD INOCULATED WITH ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KERNEL INFECTION; MAIZE; MISSISSIPPI; GENOTYPES AB Corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes with resistance to Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. are needed to reduce aflatoxin contamination of grain. The primary objective of this study was to determine if the pinbar inoculation technique was effective in separating hybrids for resistance and susceptibility to kernel infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination of the grain at a number of locations, but other inoculation techniques were evaluated at individual locations. Two single crosses, Mo18W X Mp313E and SC54 X Tx601, previously classified as resistant to kernel infection by A. flavus and two susceptible crosses, Mp68:616 X SC212M and GT106 X T202, were used. We found that hybrids previously classified as resistant to kernel infection by A. flavus had fewer kernels infected and lower aflatoxin concentration in the corn grain at harvest. However, these differences were not significant at all locations. Over six locations, resistant hybrids contained 58% less aflatoxin in the grain and 41% fewer infected kernels than susceptible hybrids. In addition to the pinbar, the side-needle, and to a lesser extent the knife inoculation technique, differentiated hybrid response to ear inoculation with A. flavus. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAINS EXPTL STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,CTR AGR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27650. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. PEE DEE EXPTL STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,FLORENCE,SC 29503. RP SCOTT, GE (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200018 ER PT J AU PRIHAR, SS STEWART, BA AF PRIHAR, SS STEWART, BA TI SORGHUM HARVEST INDEX IN RELATION TO PLANT SIZE, ENVIRONMENT, AND CULTIVAR SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT AB There are reports in the literature showing that harvest index (HI) does and does not increase with increase in plant size. The slope of the upper-bound line passing through the origin in the grain yield vs. dry matter yield plots has been proposed to approximate the "genetic" HI for a given environment and inter-cultivar comparison. The objectives of this study were to determine what changes occur in HI of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as plant size, environment, and cultivar vary. Several environments were established in two replicated field experiments on Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll), one with eight cultivars, and the other with two cultivars, three seeding dates, and three irrigation regimes. Cultivar DK-41Y were common to both experiments. Variation in plant size was created by thinning the original stands to varying degrees. Harvest index was determined for different plant densities based on individual plant data. Lack of non-zero intercepts of grain-yield vs. dry-matter-per-plant regressions and constancy of HI with change in plant mass, under a given environmental condition, showed that HI was independent of plant size. Harvest index values, based both on average grain and dry matter yield, and slope of the upper-bound line, were sensitive to environments. Upper-bound HI values of cultivars DK-42, DK-41Y, and Sprint (0.50-0.52) were significantly higher than those of Funks 499, Richardson 9112, and DK-46 (0.46-0.48). C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. PUNJAB AGR UNIV,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200020 ER PT J AU FOLLETT, RF PORTER, LK HALVORSON, AD AF FOLLETT, RF PORTER, LK HALVORSON, AD TI BORDER EFFECTS ON N-15 FERTILIZED WINTER-WHEAT MICROPLOTS GROWN IN THE GREAT-PLAINS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE REQUIREMENTS; PLOT SIZE; N-15; RECOVERY; CORN AB Field experiments requiring N-15 enriched fertilizer are costly, thus microplot techniques are generally used. Placing physical barriers around microplots to contain the N-15 may introduce artifacts that affect N recovery by crops, limit types and numbers of measurements, and cause other restrictions. The purpose of this experiment was to determine minimum microplot size (without the use of barriers) for accurately measuring enriched N-15 uptake into a winter wheat crop, while using normal field cultural practices. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was seeded into KNO3 fertilized (56 and 112 kg N ha-1) plots (4.57 m by 3.05 m) on a Platner silt loam soil (fine montmorillonitic mesic Aridic Paleustol). Within each larger plot, four microplots (2.29 m by 1.83 m) were fertilized with 10 atom % N-15 enriched KNO3 at the same rate as for main plots. Nitrogen-rate treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. Above ground plant material was harvested (0.3 m of row) from six adjacent rows at flowering (Feeke's scale = 10.5). Three rows were harvested from inside (N-15 enriched KNO3 added) and three from outside (N-15 enriched KNO3 not added) of the microplots. Plant uptake of total N into plant tops was not significantly different across any of the six harvested rows. Dry matter yields and total-N uptake were significantly larger for the 112 than for the 56 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate, as were the N-15 uptake and atom N-15 % values in plant material within the microplots. In rows adjacent to microplot borders, concentrations of N-15 in plant material changed rapidly; but there were no differences beyond 0.46 m inside or outside the microplots. These results indicate that minimum microplot size for studies with fall-applied N-15 on winter wheat grown in the Great Plains is 1.5 by 1.5 m. C1 CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,AKRON,CO. RP FOLLETT, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,301 S HOWES ST,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200021 ER PT J AU VARVEL, GE PETERSON, TA AF VARVEL, GE PETERSON, TA TI NITROGEN-FERTILIZER RECOVERY BY GRAIN-SORGHUM IN MONOCULTURE AND ROTATION SYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL-NITROGEN; NO-TILLAGE; YIELD; PLANT; CORN AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has become a major dryland crop for the Great Plains, but information on production in rotations is limited. This study was conducted to determine N fertilizer recovery and use by grain sorghum in monoculture and rotational systems. Grain sorghum was grown under rainfed conditions on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll) in: (i) continuous grain sorghum monoculture, (ii) a 2-yr soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-grain sorghum rotation, (iii) a 4-yr rotation of soybean-corn [Zea mays L.]-oat [Avena sativa (L.)] + clover [80% Melilotus officinalis (L.) and 20% Trifolium pratense (L.)]-grain sorghum, and (iv) a 4-yr rotation of oat+clover-corn-soybean-grain sorghum at Mead, NE. Broadcast applications of N-15-depleted NH4NO3 were made at 90 and 180 kg N ha-1 in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate N fertilizer recovery. Fertilizer N recovery determined by isotopic methods was significantly higher for grain sorghum in monoculture (64.9%) vs. grain sorghum in rotation (54.9%). Fertilizer N recovery estimated by the difference method ranged from 118.5% in continuous grain sorghum to 9.1% in sorghum following oat+clover. Differences in N-recovery results by the isotope and difference methods indicated N fertilizer applied to grain sorghum in various cropping systems appeared to be entering different organic soil-N pools. These results substantiate the importance of the mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT) effect in N-isotope experiments and the necessity for careful interpretation of N-recovery results, especially between complex cropping systems. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT SOIL SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ST PAUL,MN. RP VARVEL, GE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FP102 UT WOS:A1991FP10200023 ER PT J AU BERNAT, GA JOHNSON, TG AF BERNAT, GA JOHNSON, TG TI DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD LINKAGES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE HOUSEHOLD INCOME; LINKAGES; REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS ID INPUT-OUTPUT-ANALYSIS; AREA CONSUMER DEMAND; MODELS AB The study uses input-output models with disaggregated household sectors to demonstrate that important interhousehold linkages are ignored in standard input-output models of both rural and urban regions. The results indicate that higher-income households are not strongly linked to low-income households and that, given equal changes in exogenous income, low-income households will have much higher impacts on the local economy than high-income households. In addition, significant differences in household linkages were found between rural and urban regions. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP BERNAT, GA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. RI Johnson, Thomas/G-1986-2010 OI Johnson, Thomas/0000-0002-1245-0776 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.2307/1242717 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA FN150 UT WOS:A1991FN15000010 ER PT J AU POWERS, NJ AF POWERS, NJ TI MARKETING ORDER IMPACTS ON FARM-RETAIL PRICE SPREADS - COMMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Note RP POWERS, NJ (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.2307/1242738 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA FN150 UT WOS:A1991FN15000031 ER PT J AU STAM, JM COLLENDER, RN AF STAM, JM COLLENDER, RN TI THE FARM DEBT CRISIS OF THE 1980S - HARL,NE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP STAM, JM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 544 EP 545 DI 10.2307/1242751 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA FN150 UT WOS:A1991FN15000044 ER PT J AU REINSEL, RD AF REINSEL, RD TI AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM - POLICY AND PROCESS IN THE EC AND THE USA - WAYNE,MH, JOSLING,TE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP REINSEL, RD (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 546 EP 547 DI 10.2307/1242753 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA FN150 UT WOS:A1991FN15000046 ER PT J AU KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE NEWBRUN, E AF KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE NEWBRUN, E TI ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND PERIODONTAL STATUS DURING SHORT-TERM VITAMIN-B6 DEPLETION OF YOUNG, NONPREGNANT WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY; PYRIDOXINE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; DENTAL STATUS; YOUNG WOMEN; PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE; TRYPTOPHAN-LOAD TEST; 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID; MENSTRUAL CYCLE ID DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; SYSTEM AB As part of a larger investigation to determine the effect of animal vs. plant proteins on the vitamin B-6 requirement of young women, clinical changes during vitamin B-6 depletion were documented. Eight healthy young women were confined to a metabolic unit and fed a defined formula diet nearly devoid of vitamin B-6 (< 0.05 mg/d). Serial electroencephalographic (EEG) tracings, peripheral nervous system tests, periodontal evaluations, and biochemical measures of vitamin B-6 status were conducted. Within 12 d on the depletion diet, two of the eight women exhibited abnormal EEG tracings. These changes were readily reversed by repletion of vitamin B-6 at the 0.5-mg/d level. Biochemical measures reflected lowered vitamin B-6 status but were not predictive of the onset of EEG changes. No detectable alterations in oral or periodontal status were found, nor did plaque flora change markedly. This study is the first report of EEG changes occurring in women undergoing vitamin B-6 depletion and the first report to document EEG changes in adults within 12 d on a vitamin B-6-depletion regimen. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT STOMATOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP KRETSCH, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1274 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FJ408 UT WOS:A1991FJ40800029 PM 2021133 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN RIBAYAMERCADO, JD RUSSELL, RM SAHYOUN, N MORROW, FD GERSHOFF, SN AF MEYDANI, SN RIBAYAMERCADO, JD RUSSELL, RM SAHYOUN, N MORROW, FD GERSHOFF, SN TI VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY IMPAIRS INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION AND LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION IN ELDERLY ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN B-6; IMMUNE RESPONSE; AGE; LYMPHOKINE PRODUCTION ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; T-CELLS; RESPONSES; AGE; POPULATION; DECLINE; INVITRO; PEOPLE AB The effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on immune response was studied in eight healthy elderly adults. The protocol consisted of a 5-d baseline (BL) period; a vitamin B-6-depletion period of less-than-or-equal-to 20 d; three stages of vitamin B-6-repletion, each lasting 21 d; and a 4-d final phase. The amounts of vitamin B-6 ingested during the different phases of the study were 3.00, 15.00, 22.50, and 33.75-mu-g.kg body wt-1. d-1, respectively. During the final phase the subjects ingested 50 mg vitamin B-6/d. Fasting blood was collected at the end of each period. Vitamin B-6 depletion significantly decreased percentage and total number of lymphocytes, mitogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to T- and B-cell mitogens, and interleukin 2 production. These indices returned to BL values after the third vitamin B-6-repletion period, when the total vitamin B-6 intakes were 1.90 +/- 0.18 mg/d for women and 2.88 +/- 0.17 mg/d for men. Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs in vitro indices of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly adults. This impairment is reversible by vitamin B-6 repletion. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 49 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1280 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FJ408 UT WOS:A1991FJ40800030 PM 2021134 ER PT J AU LONGNECKER, MP TAYLOR, PR LEVANDER, OA HOWE, SM VEILLON, C MCADAM, PA PATTERSON, KY HOLDEN, JM STAMPFER, MJ MORRIS, JS WILLETT, WC AF LONGNECKER, MP TAYLOR, PR LEVANDER, OA HOWE, SM VEILLON, C MCADAM, PA PATTERSON, KY HOLDEN, JM STAMPFER, MJ MORRIS, JS WILLETT, WC TI SELENIUM IN DIET, BLOOD, AND TOENAILS IN RELATION TO HUMAN HEALTH IN A SELENIFEROUS AREA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM; TOXICITY; HUMANS ID NUTRITIONAL AVAILABILITY; UNITED-STATES; CHINA; INTOXICATION; FOODS; RATS AB To determine whether high dietary selenium intake was associated with adverse effects, selenium in diet, blood, and toenails was studied in relation to human health in adults residing in western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming. Over a 2-y period 142 subjects were recruited from households selected at random and from ranches where unusually high selenium intakes were suspected. Subjects completed health questionnaires, underwent physical examinations, provided blood samples for clinical assessment, and provided blood, urine, toenails, and duplicate-plate food collections for selenium analysis. About half of the 142 free-living subjects had selenium intakes > 2.54 mu-mol/d (200-mu-g/d) (range 0.86-9.20-mu-mol/d, or 68-724-mu-g/d). Physical findings characteristic of selenium toxicity were not present nor were clinically significant changes in laboratory tests or frequency of symptoms related to selenium in the blood, toenails, or diet. We found no evidence of toxicity from selenium in subjects whose intake was as high as 9.20-mu-mol/d (724-mu-g/d). C1 UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR FACIL,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. USDA,VIT & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL,RAPID CITY,SD 57701. RP LONGNECKER, MP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,10833 LE CONTE AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 32 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1294 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FJ408 UT WOS:A1991FJ40800032 PM 2021136 ER PT J AU NELSON, ME FISHER, EC DILMANIAN, FA DALLAL, GE EVANS, WJ AF NELSON, ME FISHER, EC DILMANIAN, FA DALLAL, GE EVANS, WJ TI A 1-Y WALKING PROGRAM AND INCREASED DIETARY CALCIUM IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN - EFFECTS ON BONE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE EXERCISE; DIET; OSTEOPOROSIS; BODY COMPOSITION; DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; SINGLE-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; INVIVO NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXERCISE; OSTEOPOROSIS; SUPPLEMENTATION; PHOSPHORUS; DENSITY; RATES; SPINE; ASSAY AB The effects of a supervised 1-y walking program and increased dietary calcium (milk supplement, 831 mg/d, vs placebo drink, 41 mg/d) on bones were examined in 36 postmenopausal women (60.2 +/- 6.5 y). Trabecular bone-mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L1-L3), measured by computed tomography, increased by 0.5% in exercising women (n = 18) and decreased by 7.0% in sedentary women (n = 18; P = 0.02). Femoral-neck BMD measured by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) increased by 2.0% in women consuming high dietary calcium (n = 18) and decreased by 1.1% in those on moderate calcium intake (n = 18; P = 0.001). Neither exercise nor dietary calcium had an effect on lumbar spine (L2-L4) measured by DPA, distal radius measured by single-photon absorptiometry, or total body calcium measured by in vivo neutron activation. The varying proportions and rates of turnover of trabecular and cortical bone from one site to another suggest that exercise and high dietary calcium may preferentially alter bone density at different skeletal sites. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. RP NELSON, ME (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 46 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1311 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FJ408 UT WOS:A1991FJ40800034 PM 2021138 ER PT J AU FONSECA, BAL KHOSHNOOD, K SHOPE, RE MASON, PW AF FONSECA, BAL KHOSHNOOD, K SHOPE, RE MASON, PW TI FLAVIVIRUS TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS PRODUCED FROM FUSIONS OF A PORTION OF THE E-PROTEIN GENE WITH THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI TRPE GENE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS GENOME; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; DENGUE; RNA; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; ANTIBODIES AB Based on previous data showing that JEV and DEN-1 fusion proteins can be used as antigens, we engineered analogous fusion proteins for the same regions of the E proteins of DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4, using the polymerase chain reaction. The resulting fusion proteins were tested in a modified ELISA for their reactivity with mouse immune ascitic fluids (MIAF) generated against 10 different flaviviruses. The results showed that these recombinant antigens could be used as type-specific immunological reagents, and suggest that these antigens could ser-ve as the basis for rapid, safe, and inexpensive flavivirus serosurveys. C1 YALE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH, YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. INST ADOLFO LUTZ REGISTRO, DEPT VIROL, SECAO ARBOVIRUS, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL. USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10987-17] NR 31 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 500 EP 508 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA FW270 UT WOS:A1991FW27000006 PM 1648310 ER PT J AU WHIPP, SC AF WHIPP, SC TI INTESTINAL RESPONSES TO ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI HEAT-STABLE TOXIN-B IN NON-PORCINE SPECIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENTERO-TOXIN; CYCLIC-GMP; GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; INFANT MICE; STB; RABBITS; TISSUE; PIGS AB The Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STb) is the most prevalent toxin associated with diarrheagenic E coli isolates of porcine origin. Unequivocal biological activity of this toxin has been observed only in swine intestine. In this study, when endogenous protease activity was blocked with soybean trypsin inhibitor, intestinal secretion was stimulated by STb in jejunal loops of rats, mice, calves, and rabbits. Compared with pigs, rats, mice, and calves, rabbits were relatively insensitive to STb. These data demonstrate that the activity of STb is not a species-specific toxic activity; there is species variation in sensitivity to STb, and some common laboratory animals may have potential to be used to measure biological activity of STb. RP WHIPP, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 52 IS 5 BP 734 EP 737 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ683 UT WOS:A1991FJ68300017 PM 1854098 ER PT J AU PARADIS, MR BREEZE, RG BAYLY, WM COUNTS, DF LAEGREID, WW AF PARADIS, MR BREEZE, RG BAYLY, WM COUNTS, DF LAEGREID, WW TI ACUTE HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA AFTER ORAL-ADMINISTRATION OF L-TRYPTOPHAN IN PONIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-EDEMA; 3-METHYLINDOLE; CATTLE; EMPHYSEMA; INDOLE AB The hematologic and pathologic effects of orally administered L-trypotophan and indoleactic acid and of L-tryptophan administered IV were studied in ponies. Sixteen adult Shetland ponies were allotted into 4 experimental groups. Group 1 consisted of 5 ponies (1-5) given 0.6 g of tryptophan/kg of body weight in a water slurry via stomach tube. Group 2 included 4 ponies (6-9) given 0.35 g of tryptophan/kg orally. Group-3 ponies (10-13) were given 0.35 g of indoleacetic acid/kg orally. Group 4 consisted of 3 ponies (14-16) given a single 4-hour IV infusion of 0.1 g of tryptophan/kg. Restlessness, increased respiratory rate, hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria were detected in 4 of the 5 group-1 ponies. Only pony 7 in group 2 developed hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and a significant increase in respiratory rate. Renal pathologic lesions, consistent with hemoglobinuric nephorsis, were seen in ponies 2,4,5 and 7. Bronchiolar degeneration was evident in 4 of 9 ponies given tryptophan orally. The importance of these resipratory lesions was unknown. Clinical or pathologic abnormalities were not noticed in the ponies of group 3 and 4. Mean plasma tryptophan values increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 at 6 hours after dosing. A second peak of tryptophan was detected in both groups at 12 hours. Values returned to predose values by 48 hours. Plasma indole and 3-methylindole concentrations were detectable in only 2 ponies (4 and 7). In vitro incubations of cecal fluid from ponies 6, 8, and 9 yielded a percentage conversion of tryptophan to indole of 16.75%, 5.84%, and 7.96%, respectively. 3-Methylindole was not produced. These results suggested that indole was the major metabolite of orally administered tryptophan in these ponies. C1 MARION LABS INC,KANSAS CITY,MO 64134. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN MED & SURG,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP PARADIS, MR (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED,200 WESTBORO RD,N GRAFTON,MA 01536, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 52 IS 5 BP 742 EP 747 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ683 UT WOS:A1991FJ68300019 PM 1854100 ER PT J AU PARADIS, MR BREEZE, RG LAEGREID, WW BAYLY, WM COUNTS, DF AF PARADIS, MR BREEZE, RG LAEGREID, WW BAYLY, WM COUNTS, DF TI ACUTE HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA INDUCED BY ORAL-ADMINISTRATION OF INDOLE IN PONIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-EDEMA; 3-METHYLINDOLE; CATTLE; EMPHYSEMA; HORSES AB Eight ponies were alloted to 2 groups of 4. Group-1 ponies (1-4) were given 0.2 g of indole/kg of body weight orally and group-2 ponies (5 to 8) were given 0.1 g of indole/kg. Various physical, hematologic, and physiologic measurements were obtained after administration of indole. Intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria were detected in both groups within 24 hours of dosing. Hemolysis was reflected by decreases in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and RBC count, and an increase in indirect bilirubin. Erythrocyte fragility appeared to increase in both groups at 8 hours after dosing and peaked at 16 hours after dosing. At 72 hours after dosing, the RBC fragility value was less than predose measurements. Heinz body foramtion was noticed in group-2 ponies, but not in group 1. Plasma indole concentrations increased in both groups from the nondetectable predose concentrations. Group-1 values were 203% of group-2 values. In group 2, plasma indole was nondetectable by 12 hours, whereas low concentrations could still be measured in the group-1 ponies at 24 hours. Ponies in group 1 died or were euthanatized between 24 and 72 hours after dosing, whereas group-2 ponies were euthanatized between 48 and 120 hours. At necropsy, all body fat, mucous membranes, and elastic tissue were stained yellow. Hemoglobinuric nephrosis was the most prominent microscopic lesion. Results of this study indicated that indole, a metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan, causes acute intravascular hemolysis in ponies. C1 MARION LABS INC,KANSAS CITY,MO 64134. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN MED & SURG,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP PARADIS, MR (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED,N GRAFTON,MA 01536, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 52 IS 5 BP 748 EP 753 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ683 UT WOS:A1991FJ68300020 PM 1854101 ER PT J AU MARINCULIC, A GAMBLE, HR URBAN, JF RAPIC, D ZIVICNJAK, T SMITH, HJ MURRELL, KD AF MARINCULIC, A GAMBLE, HR URBAN, JF RAPIC, D ZIVICNJAK, T SMITH, HJ MURRELL, KD TI IMMUNITY IN SWINE INOCULATED WITH LARVAE OR EXTRACTS OF A PIG ISOLATE AND A SYLVATIC ISOLATE OF TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENS; IMMUNIZATION AB Inoculation of swine with a sylvatic isolate of Trichinella spiralis, designated T s nativa, resulted in low numbers of muscle larvae, compared with muscle larvae accumulation in swine inoculated with a pig type of T s spiralis. Despite low infectivity of T s nativa for swine, primary inoculation resulted in high levels of immunity against challenge infection with T s spiralis. This immunity was expressed in accelerated expulsion of challenge adults from the intestine and reduced numbers of muscle larvae. Pigs inoculated with T s nativa developed cellular and humoral responses similar to those in pigs inoculated with T s spiralis. However, in immunoblots, sera from pigs inoculated with T s nativa recognized additional proteins in muscle larvae excretory-secretory (ES) products, compared with sera from pigs inoculated with T s spiralis. Active immunization of pigs with ES products from T s nativa resulted in numerically higher, but not significantly different levels of immunity, compared with pigs immunized with ES from T s spiralis. The highest levels of immunity were obtained in pigs immunized with a T s spiralis newborn larval extract. The combination of ES products and newborn larval extract did not result in additive levels of immunity. These results indicate that the major immune effector response to Trichinella sp in pigs is against the newborn larvae, regardless of the genetic type of Trichinella sp. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,YU-41001 ZAGREB,YUGOSLAVIA. AGR CANADA,ANIM PATHOL LAB,SACKVILLE E0A 3C0,NB,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,ROOM 2,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 52 IS 5 BP 754 EP 758 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ683 UT WOS:A1991FJ68300021 PM 1854102 ER PT J AU LEACH, SS MURDOCH, CW GORDON, C AF LEACH, SS MURDOCH, CW GORDON, C TI RESPONSE OF SELECTED SOILBORNE FUNGI AND BACTERIA TO HERBICIDES UTILIZED IN POTATO CROP MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS IN MAINE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DINOSEB; FUSARIUM SPP; VERTICILLIUM SPP; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DISEASES; LINURON; SOIL AB The response of nine soilborne fungi associated with potato production: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani 'Coerculeum,' F. roseum 'Sambucinum,' F. avenaceum, Helminthosporium solani, Verticillium albo-atrum, Alternaria solani, Trihcoderma viride, and Laetisaria arvalis; and five soilborne bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Pseudomonas aeruqinosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens to the herbicides linuron, metribuzin, dinoseb, paraquat, EPTC, and dalapon were determined by growth on amended media. None of the herbicides increased radial growth of the fungi, and only dinoseb significantly (P = 0.05) reduced radial growth of all fungi at concentrations less than 64 ppm. EPTC, dalapon, linuron, paraquat, and dinoseb severely inhibited bacterial survival (91, 82, 44%, respectively) when evaluated on trypticase soy and cimmons citrate agar media amended with herbicides at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ppm. Dinoseb, when applied to field soil in pots, significantly reduced total microorganism populations in the top 5 cm of soil. Results suggest that soil applications of herbicides can selectively inhibit soil microflora with possible effects on disease incidence and severity, and may also be a factor in determining effectiveness of biological control agents. RP LEACH, SS (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,USDA ARS,NE PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1007/BF02853665 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FL381 UT WOS:A1991FL38100001 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE AF BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE TI RAPID PLOIDY SCREENING OF TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM (POTATO) SPECIES THROUGH POLLEN DIAMETER MEASUREMENT SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POLLEN SIZE; PLOIDY DETERMINATION AB Determination of the sporophytic ploidy of numerous individuals by chromosome counting is a difficult and time consuming necessity for many genetic and taxonomic research problems. The potential for microscopic pollen diameter measurement as a fast, easy and reliable alternative method for estimating sporophytic ploidy was investigated. Contrary to popular assumptions, the diameters of large, well-stained pollen grains from plants of the same ploidy were shown to be quite consistent among a wide variety of tuber-bearing Solanum (potato) species, fitting remarkably well with expectations based on a linear relationship between ploidy and pollen grain volume (r = 0.97). Seventy-six ploidy predictions on a total of 83 coded samples were correct (92%). Although it is not effective in distinguishing 4x and 6x sporophytes, microscopic pollen diameter measurement is a very rapid and reliable method by which to distinguish 2x from 4x or 6x sporophytes. C1 USDA ARS,INTERREG POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1007/BF02853666 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FL381 UT WOS:A1991FL38100002 ER PT J AU BROWN, CR YANG, CP KWIATKOWSKI, S ADIWILAGA, KD AF BROWN, CR YANG, CP KWIATKOWSKI, S ADIWILAGA, KD TI INSERT COPY NUMBER, CHROMOSOME-NUMBER, POLLEN STAINABILITY, AND CROSSABILITY OF AGROBACTERIUM-TRANSFORMED DIPLOID POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENE TRANSFER; GERMPLASM; SOLANUM; TISSUE CULTURE ID TUMEFACIENS BINARY VECTOR; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; EFFICIENT TRANSFORMATION; GENE-TRANSFER; PLASMID DNA; PLANTS; CULTIVARS; SYSTEM; LEAF; EXPRESSION AB Two 2n-pollen producing cultivated diploid, 2n = 24, potato genotypes DM56.4 and US-W5337.3 were inoculated with binary Agrobacterium vectors. The T-DNA contained a neomycin phosphotransferase II coding region fused to a nopaline synthase promoter providing gene expression in plants and resistance to kanamycin. A total of 28 clones regenerated as adventitious shoots from callus tissue, growing on medium with kanamycin, was analyzed for chromosome number, pollen stainability, and crossability. Several clones were tested and found to retain crossability with diploid and tetraploid clones. Nine out of 10 of the regenerants from DM56.4 had been doubled; seven of these were tetraploids with 2n = 48, one clone had 2n = 49, and another 2n = 46. Five of 14 regenerants of US-W5337.3 had been doubled, and three of these had fewer than 2n = 48. Pollen stainability revealed that the tetraploid regenerants from DM56.4 were male sterile, whereas tetraploids from US-W5337.3 had stainable pollen. All of the diploid regenerants produced 2n pollen. Crossability of several diploid and tetraploid regenerants was high. The number of T-DNA inserts revealed by Southern blot analysis was also determined. Six, 10, and 9 regenerants had 1, 2, and 3 inserts of T-DNA, respectively. There were single regenerants each with 5, 6, or 7 inserts. Selection for higher insert number among regenerants should be feasible based on the range of insert number found. Identical restriction patterns within three groups of clones indicated that the 28 clones analyzed emerged from only 21 cells derived from independent transformation events. The variability in chromosome number and pollen stainability suggests that variation in other traits would be obtainable. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP BROWN, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL LAB,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1007/BF02853669 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FL381 UT WOS:A1991FL38100005 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF SALVUCCI, ME CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-BASED RADIOMETRIC ASSAY FOR SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE AND OTHER UDP-GLUCOSE REQUIRING ENZYMES SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETASE; BINDING C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 194 IS 2 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90242-L PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FJ174 UT WOS:A1991FJ17400020 PM 1830727 ER PT J AU HACHEY, DL PATTERSON, BW REEDS, PJ ELSAS, LJ AF HACHEY, DL PATTERSON, BW REEDS, PJ ELSAS, LJ TI ISOTOPIC DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC KETO ACID PENTAFLUOROBENZYL ESTERS IN BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS BY NEGATIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-METABOLISM; ALKYLATION; LEUCINE; INVIVO AB A rapid, single-step procedure for the extraction and derivatization of organic alpha-keto acids from microliter quantities of human plasma has been developed. The keto acids were analyzed as the pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) ester by methane negative chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The PFB esters possess excellent chromatographic properties and required no further derivatization to block the keto group. They fragment to produce intense carboxylate anions, often as the sole ion in the spectrum, and offer detection limits below 1 pmol. This derivative is suitable for isotopic analysis of organic keto acids because it does not introduce any additional isotopic complexity into the target molecule. Normal human plasma 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid levels were 34.9 +/- 5.3-mu-mol.L-1 and could be determined with 1.1% precision by isotope dilution GC/MS. We have used this procedure to study leucine and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid metabolism by using stable isotopically labeled tracers in a variety of normal and abnormal conditions. C1 EMORY UNIV,DIV MED GENET & PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP HACHEY, DL (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 21 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 9 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1021/ac00009a017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FJ318 UT WOS:A1991FJ31800019 PM 1858984 ER PT J AU HOPPER, KR WOOLSON, EA AF HOPPER, KR WOOLSON, EA TI LABELING A PARASITIC WASP, MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE), WITH TRACE-ELEMENTS FOR MARK RECAPTURE STUDIES SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; MARK RECAPTURE; DISPERSAL ID LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; PINK BOLLWORM; RUBIDIUM; COLEOPTERA; DISPERSAL; INSECTS; POPULATIONS; HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; LYGUS AB Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), a parasitoid of larvae of Heliothis spp., was labeled by rearing it in host larvae that were fed diet containing 1,000-2,000 parts per million of one or more of four trace elements: cesium (Cs), dysprosium (Dy), rubidium (Rb), or strontium (Sr). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for the analysis of the labels. Cs and Dy concentrations in Cs-labeled and Dy-labeled parasitoids overlapped those found in parasitoids reared on unlabeled diet. Although the amounts of Rb and Sr in labeled parasitoids declined after they emerged as adults and ceased to be exposed to a trace element source, parasitoids labeled with these elements were distinguishable from field-collected, unlabeled insects up to 20 d after adults emerged. Although development time of males and females and adult longevity of females differed between unlabeled and labeled parasitoids, the differences were small and the direction of the differences reversed between experiments, suggesting that the trace elements had little effect on development time or adult longevity. C1 USDA ARS,EUROPEAN PARASITE LAB,F-78910 ORGERUS BEHOUST,FRANCE. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOPPER, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FN030 UT WOS:A1991FN03000006 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW HALDEMANN, RH HENRY, TJ AF NEAL, JW HALDEMANN, RH HENRY, TJ TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL POTENTIAL OF A JAPANESE PLANT BUG STETHOCONUS-JAPONICUS (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE), AN ADVENTIVE PREDATOR OF THE AZALEA LACE BUG (HETEROPTERA, TINGIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ASIATIC LACE BUG PREDATOR; STEPHANITIS-SPP; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID EXOCRINE SECRETIONS; HEMIPTERA AB Stethoconus japonicus Schumacher, a Japanese plant bug, is the first host-specific lace bug predator established in the Western Hemisphere. In studies with immigrant and native species of lace bugs, S. japonicus showed the highest biological control potential for species of Stephanitis lace bugs. The developmental rate of immature stages at 26.1-degrees-C was similar to that of its preferred host, the azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott). At 26.1-degrees-C, females generally lived 20-30 d and laid an average of 236 eggs. Instars developed at the same rate on fifth instars of two of three Stephanitis and one Corythucha lace bug species and, when reared on S. pyrioides, males consumed 17.0 nymphs and females consumed 18.7 nymphs. Females consumed 5.5 adult female S. pyrioides daily, and males consumed 2.4. Female S. japonicus are host adaptable and regularly consumed hawthorn lace bugs, Corythucha cydoniae (Fitch), either at a low or high rate when offered an equal number of female lace bugs. Eggs deposited in the midrib of young leaves hatch during the current season and, as the host matures through the season, eggs are deposited at the base of leaf petioles and leaf scars on the stem, and hatch the following spring. That overwintered eggs in the azalea stem hatch asynchronously to the overwintered eggs of the host may indicate that voltinism is regulated by host plant water potential. Laboratory development of temporally synchronized eggs is lengthy. A protocol for quantifying and standardizing predation potential of nymphs is evaluated. C1 SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FN030 UT WOS:A1991FN03000011 ER PT J AU BROGDEN, KA AF BROGDEN, KA TI CHANGES IN PULMONARY SURFACTANT DURING BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; ENDOTOXIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LUNG; PULMONARY SURFACTANT ID INDUCED LUNG INJURY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; II CELLS; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; RAT LUNG; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; ABNORMALITY; METABOLISM; INVIVO; SYSTEM AB In pneumonia, bacteria induce changes in pulmonary surfactant. These changes are mediated by bacteria directly on secreted surfactant or indirectly through pulmonary type II epithelial cells. The bacterial component most likely responsible is endotoxin since gram-negative bacteria more often induce these changes than gram-positive bacteria. Also, endotoxin and gram-negative bacteria induce similar changes in surfactant. The interaction of bacteria or endotoxin with secreted surfactant results in changes in the physical (i.e. density and surface tension) properties of surfactant. In addition, gram-negative bacteria or endotoxin can injure type II epithelial cells causing them to produce abnormal quantities of surfactant, abnormal concentrations of phospholipids in surfactant, and abnormal compositions (i.e. type and saturation of fatty acids) of PC. The L/S ratio, the concentration of PG, and the amount of palmitic acid in PC are all significantly lower. The changes in surfactant have a deleterious effect on lung function characterized by significant decreases in total lung capacity, static compliance, diffusing capacity, and arterial PO2, and a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Also decreased concentrations of surfactant or an altered surfactant composition can result in the anatomic changes commonly seen in pneumonia such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and atelectasis. RP BROGDEN, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD MAY PY 1991 VL 59 IS 4 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1007/BF00583673 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FW992 UT WOS:A1991FW99200001 PM 1883227 ER PT J AU DATTA, A BETTERMANN, A KIRK, TK AF DATTA, A BETTERMANN, A KIRK, TK TI IDENTIFICATION OF A SPECIFIC MANGANESE PEROXIDASE AMONG LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES SECRETED BY PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM DURING WOOD DECAY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; LENTINUS-EDODES; DEGRADATION; LIGNINASE; CULTURES; ENDO-1,4-BETA-GLUCANASES; LOCALIZATION; PURIFICATION; QUANTITIES; BREAKDOWN AB The specific enzymes associated with lignin degradation in solid lignocellulosic substrates have not been identified. Therefore, we examined extracts of cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium that were degrading a mechanical pulp of aspen wood. Western blot (immunoblot) analyses of the partially purified protein revealed lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and glyoxal oxidase. The dominant peroxidase, an isoenzyme of MnP (pI 4.9), was isolated, and its N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition were determined. The results reveal both similarities to and differences from the deduced amino acid sequences from cDNA clones of dominant MnP isoenzymes from liquid cultures. Our results suggest, therefore, that the ligninolytic-enzyme-encoding genes that are expressed during solid substrate degradation differ from those expressed in liquid culture or are allelic variants of their liquid culture counterparts. In addition to lignin peroxidase, MnP, and glyoxal oxidase, xylanase and protease activities were present in the extracts of the degrading pulp. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP DATTA, A (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 03326] NR 41 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1460 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FK459 UT WOS:A1991FK45900027 PM 1854201 ER PT J AU BASIT, HA ANGLE, JS SALEM, S GEWAILY, EM KOTOB, SI VANBERKUM, P AF BASIT, HA ANGLE, JS SALEM, S GEWAILY, EM KOTOB, SI VANBERKUM, P TI PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY AMONG STRAINS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM BELONGING TO SEROGROUP-110 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; HYDROGENASE; SOYBEANS; SOIL AB Thirty-four strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum within serogroup 110 were examined for phenotypic diversity. The strains differed in their abilities to nodulate and fix dinitrogen with Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams. Thirteen strains expressed uptake hydrogenase activity when induced as free-living cultures in the presence of 2% hydrogen and oxygen. Six bacteriophage susceptibility reactions were observed. Each of the strains produced either a large, mucoid or a small, dry colony morphology, but colony type was not related to effectiveness for nitrogen fixation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ZAGAZIG UNIV,DEPT BOT,ZAGAZIG,EGYPT. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1570 EP 1572 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FK459 UT WOS:A1991FK45900046 PM 16348497 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, EL PAWLAK, Z OWEN, NL FEIST, WC AF ANDERSON, EL PAWLAK, Z OWEN, NL FEIST, WC TI INFRARED STUDIES OF WOOD WEATHERING .1. SOFTWOODS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; SOFTWOODS; WEATHERING AB Infrared spectra, in the diffuse reflectance mode, are presented for three common softwoods (Western redcedar, southern pine, and Douglas fir) that have been subjected to a variety of artificial weathering conditions. The surface spectra of the three unweathered woods have distinctly different characteristic features, but after 2400 hours of full artificial weathering the surface features are virtually identical and correspond closely with those of the cellulosic polymer components. Weathering with light alone has a less pronounced effect on the wood surfaces, whereas weathering with water alone has virtually no effect in comparison to the result of both light and water used in conjunction. A photochemically induced reaction pathway for the weathering process, consistent with the experimental findings, is discussed. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PROVO,UT 84602. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 6 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1366/0003702914336930 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA FN413 UT WOS:A1991FN41300022 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, EL PAWLAK, Z OWEN, NL FEIST, WC AF ANDERSON, EL PAWLAK, Z OWEN, NL FEIST, WC TI INFRARED STUDIES OF WOOD WEATHERING .2. HARDWOODS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; HARDWOODS; WEATHERING AB Four different hardwoods-yellow poplar, quaking aspen, white oak, and hard maple-have been subjected to a range of artificial weathering conditions, and their surfaces monitored with the use of diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The first two species show a weathering pattern rather similar to that of softwoods, whereas the latter two are more resistant to the effects of light and water. The differences in wood density are thought to be significant in the different behavior of the woods towards weathering, in addition to any contributing effects that might be caused by a variation in the overall chemical composition. After 2400 hours of full artificial weathering, all traces of lignin seem to have been removed from the surfaces of all four woods. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PROVO,UT 84602. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 8 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 648 EP 652 DI 10.1366/0003702914336769 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA FN413 UT WOS:A1991FN41300023 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, SR YAAR, M AF FELDMAN, SR YAAR, M TI ONCOGENES - THE GROWTH-CONTROL GENES SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID N-MYC ONCOGENE; FACTOR RECEPTOR; SARCOMA-VIRUS; C-MYC; PROTEIN; CANCER; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PRODUCT AB Genes that are involved in the development of cancer have been identified. These genes, called "oncogenes," are related to normal cellular genes called "proto-oncogenes," which code for proteins involved in the regulation of cellular growth and differentiation. Through the study of these genes, we now begin to assess prognosis of several malignant neoplasms. Moreover, specific inhibitors of oncogene activity have potential use in treatment regimens for cancer. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP FELDMAN, SR (reprint author), MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT DERMATOL,171 ASHLEY AVE,CHARLESTON,SC 29425, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 127 IS 5 BP 707 EP 711 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FL673 UT WOS:A1991FL67300015 PM 2024990 ER PT J AU WELBOURN, WC JENNINGS, DT AF WELBOURN, WC JENNINGS, DT TI 2 NEW SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEIDAE (ACARI, PROSTIGMATA) ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE), IN MAINE SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPTUS AB Two new species of the mite family Erythraeidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona) found associated with the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Maine are described. Larvae of Leptus treati sp. nov. parasitize spruce budworm adults; L. treati is the first member of the genus to have both larval and postlarval instars described. Adults of Balaustium kendalli sp. nov. prey on spruce budworm eggs; B. kendalli is only the second member of the genus to have both larval and postlarval instars described. C1 UNIV MAINE,NE FOREST EXPT STN,ORONO,ME 04469. RP WELBOURN, WC (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ACAROL LAB,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 123 IS 3 BP 567 EP 580 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX044 UT WOS:A1991FX04400009 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT AF YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT TI A PLUM VOLATILE, 1-NONANOL - AN OVIPOSITIONAL DETERRENT FOR CODLING MOTH SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 123 IS 3 BP 711 EP 712 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FX044 UT WOS:A1991FX04400018 ER PT J AU NEALE, DB WILLIAMS, CG AF NEALE, DB WILLIAMS, CG TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM MAPPING IN CONIFERS AND APPLICATIONS TO FOREST GENETICS AND TREE IMPROVEMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Review ID MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; JUVENILE-MATURE CORRELATIONS; QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; LACTUCA-SATIVA L; LINKAGE MAP; CHLOROPLAST DNA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PATERNAL INHERITANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB It is now technically possible to construct high-density restriction fragment length polymorphism maps for almost any conifer. Hundreds of new genetic markers will become available for forest genetics research and tree-improvement applications. Having a large number of genetic markers will improve efficiency in studies in which isozymes or other markers have traditionally been applied (e.g., genetic variation in populations, paternity analysis, varietal identification, and seed-orchard efficiency). High-density restriction fragment length polymorphism maps may make it possible to (i) identify quantitative trait loci and (ii) practice marker-assisted selection in conifer breeding. C1 WEYERHAEUSER CO,NEW BERN FORESTRY RES STN,NEW BERN,NC 28560. RP NEALE, DB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 117 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1139/x91-076 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FM126 UT WOS:A1991FM12600001 ER PT J AU BURR, KE WALLNER, SJ TINUS, RW AF BURR, KE WALLNER, SJ TINUS, RW TI ETHYLENE AND ETHANE EVOLUTION DURING COLD-ACCLIMATION AND DEACCLIMATION OF PONDEROSA PINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; LEAF TISSUE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIA; TEMPERATURE AB Greenhouse container-grown ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) were cold acclimated and deacclimated in growth chambers during a 19-week regime. Seedling cold hardiness, bud dormancy, and ethylene and ethane evolution from excised needles were measured weekly. Ethylene and ethane evolution and the ethane/ethylene ratio declined from bud set to bud break and did not parallel changes in cold hardiness. Large standard errors of the ethylene evolution means made detecting statistical differences over time difficult. Significant deviations in the ethane evolution means were observed, however, and indicated a sharp decrease and recovery at the start of cold acclimation and a peak at the start of deacclimation. The ethane/ethylene ratio accentuated the declining trend from bud set to bud break and the two sharp deviations in the trend at the start of acclimation and deacclimation. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BURR, KE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,700 S KNOLES DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1139/x91-082 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FM126 UT WOS:A1991FM12600007 ER PT J AU KUHLMAN, EG POWERS, HR AF KUHLMAN, EG POWERS, HR TI SYMPTOM EXPRESSION AMONG HALF-SIB SLASH PINE PROGENIES AFTER INOCULATION WITH CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F-SP-FUSIFORME SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; SEEDLINGS; INFECTION AB Half-sib progeny from 106 slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem. var. elliottii) trees in a rust-resistant orchard were inoculated with fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) using the concentrated basidiospore spray system. Mass susceptible seedlings served as the control in each of the five inoculations needed to screen the 106 families. Relative susceptibility compared with the control was determined by the percentage of seedlings with galls 6 or 9 months after inoculation. According to the 0.70 disease ratio computation (percentage with galls in the test family divided-by percentage with galls in the susceptible control less-than-or-equal-to 0.70), 59 of the 106 families were resistant. The 0.70 disease ratio was more conservative at designating families as resistant than Fisher's least significant difference test (67 of 106 resistant), but was more liberal than Tukey's honestly significantly different test (42 of 106 resistant). Other symptoms of infection were recorded to determine frequency of occurrence. Multiple symptoms occurred on many seedlings; however, the symptom indicating the greatest susceptibility was used in the analysis. Galls, stem symptoms without any swelling, needle spots, and no symptoms were taken to indicate progressively decreasing susceptibility to fusiform rust. The largest variation among resistant families occurred in the frequency of symptomless seedlings (0-77% frequency among families in the five inoculations). The results from this study indicate that the frequencies of different symptom types observed following inoculation might be utilized to separate various types of resistance within a group of pine families characterized as resistant. RP KUHLMAN, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LABS,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 612 EP 615 DI 10.1139/x91-084 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FM126 UT WOS:A1991FM12600009 ER PT J AU DEAL, RL OLIVER, CD BORMANN, BT AF DEAL, RL OLIVER, CD BORMANN, BT TI RECONSTRUCTION OF MIXED HEMLOCK SPRUCE STANDS IN COASTAL SOUTHEAST ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; GAP AB Stands of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) on low-elevation, upland sites in coastal southeast Alaska develop as single-generation stands after stand-replacing disturbances and as multiple-generation stands after minor disturbances. Both stand types were studied. Spruce grew rapidly after major and minor windthrow events and reached the mid to upper canopy of the stand. Hemlock showed variable growth patterns and occupied both upper and lower canopy positions. Unlike forested regions containing more tree species, the species compositions and stand structures were similar among both the single- and multiple-generation stands. Hemlock and spruce occupied unique yet similar canopy and stand structural positions in both single- and multiple-generation stands because they had distinctly different regeneration and development patterns. Regardless of the frequency or intensity of the disturbance, spruce usually regenerated on mineral or mixed-soil microsites created by windthrow events, and hemlock usually regenerated on organic substrates. Hemlock regeneration was prolific and tended to dominate sites by sheer number. Mortality rates were extremely high, but the large number of hemlock seedlings guaranteed many surviving stems. Spruce regeneration was much lower, but this species had higher survival rates and generally more rapid height growth. An important stand component was the advance hemlock regeneration that existed prior to the new stand; they formed a significant and dominant position in the future stand. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP DEAL, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 643 EP 654 DI 10.1139/x91-088 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FM126 UT WOS:A1991FM12600013 ER PT J AU NEALE, DB MARSHALL, KA HARRY, DE AF NEALE, DB MARSHALL, KA HARRY, DE TI INHERITANCE OF CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA IN INCENSE-CEDAR (CALOCEDRUS-DECURRENS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID PATERNAL INHERITANCE; FERTILIZATION; PLASTIDS; HYBRIDS; PINE AB Paternal inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin (Cupressaceae)) controlled crosses was demonstrated using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The only other plant species for which paternal inheritance of both organelle genomes has been reported is Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl., a member of the family Taxodiaceae, which is thought to be closely related to the Cupressaceae. These taxa differ from the family Pinaceae, where chloroplast DNA is predominately paternally inherited and mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited. RP NEALE, DB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,INST FOREST GENET,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1139/x91-100 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FM126 UT WOS:A1991FM12600025 ER PT J AU JUZWIK, J TESTA, F AF JUZWIK, J TESTA, F TI EFFECT OF COVER CROPS ON CYLINDROCLADIUM-SP IN AN ONTARIO BARE-ROOT NURSERY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB Four species were grown as cover crops and incorporated into soil of field plots at Midhurst Nursery, Midhurst, Ontario, two times per growing season for 2 successive years. After two seasons, microsclerotial populations of Cylindrocladium sp. were higher in soils planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cv. Vernal) (p = 0.03) and Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Green Leaf) (p = 0.10), and not different in soils with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Glen Lea), than populations in noncropped, fallow plots. Lower populations of the fungus were detected in soils planted with flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) (p < 0.08) than in the fallow ones. Highest disease incidence in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) transplants occurred when grown in plots treated with alfalfa, Sudan grass, and wheat. Disease incidence was lower in transplants grown in the flax plots than in those grown in the other plots (p < 0.001), including the fallow ones (p = 0.055). Spruce mortality was also less in the flax plots compared with all other treatment plots (p < 0.001). C1 ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,FOREST HLTH & PROTECT SECT,SAUL ST MARIE P6A 5N5,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP JUZWIK, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 724 EP 728 DI 10.1139/x91-102 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FM126 UT WOS:A1991FM12600027 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB AF CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB TI POLYURETHANE FOAMS EXTENDED WITH CORN FLOUR SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Five levels of unmodified corn flour (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, based on weight of polyether polyol) were evaluated as fillers-extenders in rigid polyurethane foams. Densities of the flour-filled and control foams were similar (0.025-0.026 g/cm3) except for the foams containing 10% flour (0.029 g/cm3). The moisture in the flours at the various levels of addition appeared to have a significant effect on the structural formation of the foams. Force-deformation curves of foams with 5 and 10% flour were similar to those curves of the controls. Thermal conductivity of the foam filled with 10% flour was slightly lower (thus having greater insulating value) than were the values for the foam filled with 5% flour or the control foam (0.0232 versus 0.0242 W/m.K) (0.161 versus 0.168 BTU in./[ft2.hr. degrees-F]). Foams containing 5 and 10% flour did not increase more than 5% in volume when subjected to thermal or humid conditions for 14 days. At the 40% level, foams expanded 14 and 16% under thermal and humid conditions, respectively, after 14 days. RP CUNNINGHAM, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 258 EP 261 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FP803 UT WOS:A1991FP80300009 ER PT J AU CARR, ME WING, RE DOANE, WM AF CARR, ME WING, RE DOANE, WM TI ENCAPSULATION OF ATRAZINE WITHIN A STARCH MATRIX BY EXTRUSION PROCESSING SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES AB Atrazine, a powdered herbicide widely used in agriculture, was encapsulated within a starch matrix by a continuous process in a twin-screw extruder under various conditions. Four extrusion procedures were evaluated. Unmodified cornstarch was gelatinized in the extruder in the presence of the herbicide and water (starch concentrations in the water were 20-65%); atrazine was added at levels of 5-20% (product basis). The extruded materials were cooled, dried, ground, and sieved to obtain granular products of 10-20 and 20-40 mesh. These products were analyzed for encapsulation efficiency, swellability in water, and release of active agent in aqueous ethanol (10%). Effects of extrusion, milling, and drying variables on properties of encapsulated products were studied. This work suggests that excellent potential exists for producing starch-encapsulated products with a range of customized release properties by applying twin-screw extruder technology. The production rate of the starch-encapsulated herbicide containing 10% atrazine was scaled up from 12 lb/hr (db) in a ZSK 30 to 167 lb/hr in a ZSK 57 twin-screw extruder. An encapsulation-efficiency value of about 90% was achieved at both production rates. The starch-encapsulated atrazine, prepared in the ZSK 57, will be evaluated in field trials in seven states. RP CARR, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FP803 UT WOS:A1991FP80300010 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G AF CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G TI STABILIZING BROWN RICE PRODUCTS BY AQUEOUS ETHANOL EXTRACTION SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE AB This article describes extraction processes using aqueous ethanol (EtOH) (95%, v/v) for producing stabilized brown rice and brown rice flours. The effects of EtOH extraction on brown rice composition, appearance of kernel surface, bacterial and mold populations, and storage stabilities of brown rice kernels and flours (prepared from extracted kernels) were examined. Less than 3% of the oil was removed from brown rice kernels extracted with EtOH at room temperature (RT) (approximately 24-degrees-C), whereas extraction at 70-degrees-C removed 15% of the oil. Thiamin retention was 91 and 37% in kernels extracted with EtOH at RT and 70-degrees-C, respectively. Little or no loss of protein, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, or minerals occurred in the extracted kernels. EtOH extraction decreased the bacterial population of the rice to very low levels and, at RT or 70-degrees-C, stabilized brown rice kernels to lipolysis. Only flour prepared from kernels extracted with EtOH at 70-degrees-C was stable to lipolysis. Brown rice kernels extracted with EtOH at 70-degrees-C were more susceptible to oxidative rancidity, probably because the hot alcohol disturbed the caryopsis coat. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,BOX 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FP803 UT WOS:A1991FP80300011 ER PT J AU FANTA, GF CHRISTIANSON, DD AF FANTA, GF CHRISTIANSON, DD TI INFLUENCE OF POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) ON THE PASTE VISCOSITY AND GEL RHEOLOGY OF CORNSTARCH DISPERSIONS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BLOWN FILMS; STARCH AB The rise in viscosity of aqueous starch suspensions during gelatinization was measured with a Brabender amylograph with and without poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA). Increase in paste viscosity were observed with as little EAA as 0.25-0.50 g/30 g of starch. EAA was added as a 5-10% solution in aqueous ammonium hydroxide, thus producing an alkaline pH during pasting. A similar but smaller increase in viscosity was also observed under near-neutral conditions, brought about by the removal of excess ammonia by evaporation. Gelatinization of starch in the presence of either poly (acrylic acid) or stearic acid caused no increase in viscosity; this is consistent with the theory that EAA increases viscosity by pseudocross-linking starch through formation of helical complexes with more than one starch macromolecule. Although EAA increases the paste viscosity of aqueous starch dispersions, it reduces the strength of gels formed from starch pastes. Scanning electron micrographs and Fourier transform infrared analyses for EAA suggest that EAA does not promote disruption of starch granules but complexes with starch that has already been solubilized by heating in water. RP FANTA, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PLANT POLYMER RES & FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 300 EP 304 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FP803 UT WOS:A1991FP80300018 ER PT J AU PRIMARD, S GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, CJ LEE, JH AF PRIMARD, S GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, CJ LEE, JH TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GLUTEN PROTEIN-COMPOSITION AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN 4 POPULATIONS OF HIGH-PROTEIN, HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS; DURUM WHEATS; ATTRIBUTES; POLYACRYLAMIDE; CULTIVARS; VARIETIES; BAKING AB High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to analyze the gliadin and glutenin protein composition of 286 experimental winter wheats. Tested lines were derived from four hard red winter wheat populations produced as part of a high-protein breeding program. Quality parameters (grain protein content, SDS sedimentation volume, and mixograph characteristics) were correlated with the presence and amounts of each measured protein component. Statistically significant relationships between quality characteristics and protein components were observed in all four populations, and all observed correlations were population-specific. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to identify the combination of protein variables that best explained variation in each quality parameter. Highly significant models were developed; however, the components of each model varied with the population. Quality characteristics also were correlated with genetic similarity indices (based on protein composition) between experimental lines and all parental lines; no meaningful relationships were identified. The results suggest that the quality characteristics of experimental wheat lines are a function of the interaction of numerous protein components, are influenced by a number of genetic factors in addition to endosperm protein composition, and cannot be predicted from the quality characteristics of parental lines. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP PRIMARD, S (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FP803 UT WOS:A1991FP80300019 ER PT J AU LOOKHART, GL GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, J LUKASZEWSKI, A AF LOOKHART, GL GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, J LUKASZEWSKI, A TI IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT LINES CONTAINING THE 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SECALE-CEREALE L; STORAGE PROTEINS; CHROMOSOME-TRANSLOCATION; SDS-PAGE; RYE; ELECTROPHORESIS; GLUTENIN; QUALITY; HYBRIDS; BARLEY AB Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 70% ethanol-solubilized grain proteins was used to identify 1BL/1RS in a sample of 63 experimental wheat lines and six released cultivars. The veracity of this technique was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation of reduced grain proteins, Southern blotting of genomic DNA followed by hybridization with a rye-specific DNA probe, and direct karyotyping of chromosomes of each tested line. Simultaneous application of multiple techniques for identifying 1RS in wheat genetic backgrounds in suggested as a way to isolate new translocation lines that lack undesirable gene products. Of the methods studied, only HPLC and SDS-PAGE can be used to determine the presence of lines carrying the rye translocation in flours; the other techniques require viable grain samples. Presently, only direct karyotypic analyses can differentiate a 1BL/1RS translocation from a 1AL/1RS or a 1DL/1RS translocation. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP LOOKHART, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 312 EP 316 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FP803 UT WOS:A1991FP80300020 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE AF SONNET, PE TI A SHORT HIGHLY REGIOSELECTIVE AND STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE DIACYLGLYCEROLS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; GLYCIDOL; STEREOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS ID ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; EPOXIDATION; GLYCIDOL; ESTERS AB Glycidyl esters reacted with carboxylic anhydrides in the presence of LiBr in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or benzene to produce 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol esters with no significant acyl migration. Displacement of Br by cesium carboxylates was accomplished cleanly in THF-hexamethylphosphoric triamide (THF-HMPT) at 50-55-degrees-C (5 h) completing a highly regioselective triglyceride synthesis. The regioselectivity of these reactions allows stereoselective synthesis if one initiates the short sequence with enantiomerically pure glycidol. Commercial (R)-(+)-glycidol (94.6% R) was used to synthesize (R)- and (S)-lauroyl oleoyl palmitoyl glycerol. H-1-NMR data of S-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethylphenyl acetic acid ((S)-MTPA) derivatives formed by reaction of the (S)-MTPA ester of (R)-glycidol indicated that these reactions preserved configuration as expected. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(91)90109-O PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA FU464 UT WOS:A1991FU46400005 ER PT J AU SINGER, SW NASLUND, NL SINGER, SA RALPH, CJ AF SINGER, SW NASLUND, NL SINGER, SA RALPH, CJ TI DISCOVERY AND OBSERVATIONS OF 2 TREE NESTS OF THE MARBLED MURRELET SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE MARBLED MURRELET; BRACHYRAMPHUS-MARMORATUS; TREE NESTS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; CALIFORNIA AB Two nests of the Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) were found in old-growth (300 + years) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees in Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Santa Cruz County, California. These were the third and fourth known North American tree nests, and the first to be found by searching from the ground without the use of radio-telemetry. Ground-search techniques for finding nests are presented. Both nests were in the incubation stage when found. Each was observed from a distance for 15 days and 34 days, respectively. Incubation shifts lasted 24 hr with the adults exchanging duties at dawn. Flight behavior near the nest is described. Corvid predation caused both nests to fail, and may be a problem where murrelets nest in areas of high human usage. After nest failure, each tree was climbed. Both nests were located in the inner canopy, mid-crown portion of the trees. Nest branches were large, moss-covered, horizontal branches that were well shaded. One nest was a previously undescribed type of constructed nest made up of small Douglas-fir twigs and foliose lichens. The other nest was a natural depression in a moss-covered limb. Eggshell fragments were similar to previously described eggs. Nest site characteristics are compared to characteristics of the other known Marbled Murrelet tree nests. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521. RP SINGER, SW (reprint author), SANTA CRUZ CITY MUSEUM NAT HIST,1305 E CLIFF DR,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95062, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 1991 VL 93 IS 2 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.2307/1368948 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA FN966 UT WOS:A1991FN96600011 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW WERNER, BK AF BURTON, GW WERNER, BK TI GENETIC-MARKERS TO LOCATE AND TRANSFER HETEROTIC CHROMOSOME BLOCKS FOR INCREASED PEARL-MILLET YIELDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HCB; HETEROTIC CHROMOSOME BLOCK AB The introgression of exotic germplasm by conventional breeding procedures to promote greater heterosis and yield within adapted hybrid cultivars often is a difficult and lengthy process. As part of long-term investigations, the objectives of this study were to evaluate and use nonlethal genetic markers to locate heterotic chromosome blocks (HCBs) in exotic pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] lines, develop methods to use the markers to transfer in the future the selected HCBs to inbred T383, and to increase the yield of 'Tifleaf 2' (T85A X T383). The nonlethal dominant R gene for red plant color was used to screen 129 pearl millet near-isogenic populations for high-yielding HCBs by measuring height and weight of at least 50 red and 50 green spaced plants in each population. In 27 populations, HCB heterosis [(green - red plant wt)/red plant wt) X 100] ranged from 18 to 61% (P < 0.01). The nonlethal tr gene for the trichomeless condition was used to screen 91 pearl millet populations for HCB heterosis = [(Tr - tr plant wt)/tr plant wt) X 100]. In 52 of these populations, HCB heterosis ranged from 17 to 44% (P < 0.01). The best HCBs are being transferred to inbred T383, the male parent of Tifleaf 2, using the genetic markers R and tr to follow the HCBs during the backcross transfer. The design calls for completing three to four backcross generations per year. When top-yielding HCBs identified by R and tr become a part of the gene complex of T383, T85A X T383 HCB can be expected to outyield T85A X T383. Plant height measurements were of no value in screening exotic lines for high yielding HCBs. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 576 EP 579 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400004 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, WF HOLBROOK, CC WYNNE, JC AF ANDERSON, WF HOLBROOK, CC WYNNE, JC TI HERITABILITY AND EARLY-GENERATION SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO EARLY AND LATE LEAFSPOT IN PEANUT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CERCOSPORIDIUM-PERSONATUM; COMPONENTS AB The genetic nature of resistance to early (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) and late [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton] leafspot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is quantitative, making selection for resistance difficult in segregating populations. In many areas of peanut production, without fungicide application one or both diseases may significantly reduce yields. A study was conducted to obtain heritability estimates, responses to selection, and relationship of resistance of two peanut populations for early and late leafspot resistance. Selection based on F2 family means in the F3 generation via defoliation, infection, and sporulation was performed for early and late leafspot in North Carolina and Georgia, respectively, within populations of PI 314817/[TG3/EC 76446 (292)] and (PI 314817/ICGS 4). Divergent selections for each diseases were evaluated in the F4 generation at the same locations the following year for resistance by visual rating of infection and defoliation. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from low to high (0.12-0.88) for components of resistance to each leaf-spot disease. Narrow-sense heritability estimates from parent-offspring regression (0.18-0.74) and realized heritability (0.60-1.41) were significant for late leafspot resistance and early leafspot resistance in the PI 314817/[TG3/EC 76446 (292)] population. Results indicated that selection based on family means would be successful. Selection of individual plants within families did not significantly improve genetic progress. Moderate to high correlations (0.41-0.86) existed between early and late leafspot disease components indicating possible genetic linkage or host-plant physiology that conferred resistance to both diseases in one population. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31794. RP ANDERSON, WF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 588 EP 593 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400007 ER PT J AU MCQUINN, SD SLEPER, DA MAYLAND, HF KRAUSE, GF AF MCQUINN, SD SLEPER, DA MAYLAND, HF KRAUSE, GF TI GENETIC-VARIATION FOR SELENIUM CONTENT IN TALL FESCUE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERITABILITY; VARIABILITY; REGRESSION AB Selenium is an element necessary for good animal health. No information is available on inheritance of Se concentration in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.). Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the nature of genetic variation of Se concentration in tall fescue. To accomplish this objective, 15 parental clones were randomly chosen from a broad-based population, and their half-sib (HS) progenies were generated using a polycross mating design. Selenium analysis was determined flourometrically by digesting dried, ground herbage samples in 3:1 HNO3/HClO4. Significant genetic variation was observed among HS families in the fall for Se concentration. Heritability, calculated using parent-off-spring (PO) regression, gave estimates of 18% for summer and 68% for the fall. Heritability and genetic gain estimates were maximized in the fall, as compared with the summer, largely because of a large environmental component. Genetic gain, expressed as a percentage of the mean of parents, predicted an advance of 19% for fall herbage. Progress in selecting for improved concentrations of Se in the fall in this population of tall fescue is likely. C1 BEATRICE HUNT WESSON,VALPARAISO,IN 46383. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT STAT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 617 EP 620 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400012 ER PT J AU MAY, L VANSANFORD, DA MACKOWN, CT CORNELIUS, PL AF MAY, L VANSANFORD, DA MACKOWN, CT CORNELIUS, PL TI GENETIC-VARIATION FOR NITROGEN USE IN SOFT RED X HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GPC; GRAIN PROTEIN CONCENTRATION; GDW AND TDW; GRAIN AND TOTAL DRY WT; HI; HARVEST INDEX; HRW AND SRW; HARD RED AND SOFT RED WINTER (WHEAT); NHI; NITROGEN HARVEST INDEX (N PARTITIONING); NS; FERTILIZER NITROGEN SUPPLY; NUEP AND NUEY; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY FOR PROTEIN AND YIELD; TN; TOTAL PLANT NITROGEN ID GRAIN PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; PARTITIONING EFFICIENCY; YIELD; TRANSLOCATION; ASSIMILATION; GENOTYPES; QUALITY AB Hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars are genetically distinct from soft red winter (SRW) wheat cultivars and thus provide new sources of germplasm for SRW wheat breeding programs. Previous research has shown that HRW X SRW wheat crosses can generate segregates with acceptably low grain protein concentration (GPC). This study was conducted to evaluate genetic variation of traits related to N uptake, partitioning, and utilization in HRW X SRW wheat populations. The F3 and F4 generations of three HRW X SRW crosses were grown in 1985 and 1986, respectively, on a Maury silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf) near Lexington, KY. Significant differences among F4 families were observed for N harvest index (NHI), GPC and N use efficiency for yield (NUEY) and protein (NUEP) in all populations. The correlation between N partitioning (NHI) and GPC varied among crosses, ranging from r = -0.57 (P < 0.01) to near zero. Highly significant differences for NUEY and NUEP were observed among F4 families of each cross. A path analysis indicated that the direct effect of N uptake efficiency accounted for as much as 91% of the variation in NUEY and 88% in NUEP. Indirect effects were of little consequence. The data demonstrate that N-use traits are strongly influenced by the environment, and would be difficult to modify in a breeding program. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 626 EP 630 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400015 ER PT J AU RABOY, V NOAMAN, MM TAYLOR, GA PICKETT, SG AF RABOY, V NOAMAN, MM TAYLOR, GA PICKETT, SG TI GRAIN PHYTIC ACID AND PROTEIN ARE HIGHLY CORRELATED IN WINTER-WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NIR; NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE ID TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; ZINC; SELECTION AB Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), the major storage form of P in seeds, is believed to have a negative impact on nutritional quality. Since breeding for low phytic acid has been proposed for several cereals and legumes, it is important to predict the effects of selection against phytic acid on other major grain components. Experiments were conducted to determine the quantitative relationship between grain phytic acid P, total P, and protein in two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations, each consisting of F6 progeny of a double cross. Substantial variation in phytic acid P was observed, with the range in values equal to 30 and 48% of the respective population mean. Observed variation in phytic acid P was highly and positively correlated with variation in grain total P (r = 0.93 and 0.96 in Populations 1 and 2, respectively), and with variation in grain protein (r = 0.65 and 0.87, respectively). The close correlation of phytic acid P with both total P and protein indicates that selection against grain phytic acid would lead to undesirable reductions in both grain total P and protein. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. AGR RES CTR,GIZA,EGYPT. RP RABOY, V (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS IMPROVEMENT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 631 EP 635 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400016 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL VOIGT, PW EVERS, GW AF BURSON, BL VOIGT, PW EVERS, GW TI CYTOLOGY, REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR, AND FORAGE POTENTIAL OF HEXAPLOID DALLISGRASS BIOTYPES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FAA; FORMALIN-ACETO-ALCOHOL; IVDMD; INVITRO DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE; MMC; MEGASPORE MOTHER CELL; PMC; POLLEN MOTHER CELL ID PASPALUM AB During the past 25 yr, several different dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) biotypes have been discovered, but little is known regarding their cytology and reproductive behavior. This study was undertaken to determine the cytology, method of reproduction, and fertility of three biotypes and the forage yield and quality of two of them. Two biotypes, Torres and Uruguaiana, were introduced from southern Brazil and the third, Uruguayan, was collected in Uruguay. All three are hexaploids with 2n = 6x = 60. The Torres biotype was meiotically irregular, with a mean chromosome association of 58.74 univalents and 0.63 bivalents per cell. Two accessions of the Uruguaiana biotype were studied; they had a mean meiotic chromosome association of 9.62 univalents, 25.17 bivalents, and 0.01 quadrivalents. Eleven accessions of the Uruguayan biotype were studied; their mean chromosome associations were 1.26 univalents, 29.28 bivalents, and 0.04 quadrivalents. It was proposed that the lack of chromosome pairing in the Torres biotype is genetically controlled. The genomic formulas of the Uruguaiana and Uruguayan biotypes are proposed to be AABBC1C2 and AABBCC, respectively. An examination of megasporogenesis and embryo sac development revealed that all three biotypes reproduce by apomixis, with apospory followed by pseudogamy. One Uruguayan accession was a facultative apomict with a small degree of sexuality. The forage yield potential and forage quality were determined for the Torres and Uruguayan biotypes, as well as for common dallisgrass. Torres produced less forage than the other two. Common dallisgrass produced less forage than the mean of the Uruguayan accessions in most environments. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) differences among accessions were relatively small. Common dallisgrass did not differ in IVDMD from any of the Uruguayan accessions. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,AGR RES STN,ANGLESTON,TX 77515. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 636 EP 641 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400017 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP BURTON, GW ZONGO, JD DICKO, IO AF WILSON, JP BURTON, GW ZONGO, JD DICKO, IO TI DISEASE RESISTANCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PEARL-MILLET LANDRACES FROM SOUTH BURKINA-FASO SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; ENZYME DIVERSITY; AFRICA AB Disease resistance and morphologic traits of 106 landraces of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] collected in south Burkina Faso were evaluated to distinguish potentially different sources of resistance. Selfed (S1) plants were inoculated with isolates of Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. (leaf spot), Puccinia substriata Ellis & Barth. var. indica (rust), and Moesziomyces penicillariae (Bref.) Vanky (smut) collected in Georgia. Height and flowering dates of greenhouse-grown S0 plants, S1 seed characteristics, and frequencies of chlorophyll-deficient S1 seedlings were evaluated. Among landraces, the frequency of plants resistant to Py. grisea ranged from 51.9 to 99.1% (xBAR = 82.5%). Frequencies of plants resistant to Pu. substriata ranged from 0 to 44.2% (xBAR = 10.1%). Differences in resistance to M. penicillariae existed among the landraces. Percent smutted florets ranged from 0.8 to 8.4% (xBAR = 4.2%). Seed set in the smut evaluation averaged 24.3% and was correlated with smut infection. In the greenhouse, S0 plant height and days to flowering averaged 2.3 m and 60.4 d, respectively. Seed color was generally light gray; seeds were typhoides shaped, with a mean 100-seed weight of 1.20 g. Five clusters of phenotypic diversity were identified among the landraces by principal component and cluster analyses, and several potentially different sources of disease resistance were identified. Nine pairs of the landraces and an additional landrace clustered with one of the pairs may be duplicate accessions. C1 OUAGADOUGOU UNIV,BURKINA FASO,NAMIBIA. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,GEORGIA EXPT STN,COLL AGR,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 641 EP 645 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400018 ER PT J AU CANTRELL, RG JOPPA, LR AF CANTRELL, RG JOPPA, LR TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN WILD EMMER (TRITICUM-TURGIDUM L VAR DICOCCOIDES) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GRAIN PROTEIN; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; LOCATION; LINES AB Utilization of related wild species for genetic improvement of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has been limited by the lack of suitable cytogenetic stocks. This study was conducted to identify the chromosomal location of genes influencing quantitative traits in wild emmer (T. turgidum L. var. dicoccoides). Thirteen of the possible 14 disomic substitution lines of 'Langdon' durum wheat (LDN), each containing a different individual chromosome pair of T. turgidum var. dicoccoides (accession FA-15-3 = DIC), were compared with each other and with the recipient parent LDN in a replicated experiment at Langdon and Prosper, ND, in 1988 and 1989. Some genotypes with a DIC chromosome 4A or a 4B pair exhibited an average of 39% higher grain yield than LDN. Genotypes with DIC chromosomes 6B had the highest grain protein yield (14.0 g m-2) compared with LDN (10.6 g m-2) and did not differ significantly from LDN for kernel weight. Genotypes with DIC chromosomes 5B had the highest kernel weight (42.3 mg) of all of those tested. The earliest-maturing genotypes contained the DIC chromosome pair 6A. Genotypes possessing a DIC chromosome pair 4A, 5A, 5B, 6B, or 7B were significantly taller than LDN. Results indicated that important agronomic traits in cultivated durum wheat can be improved by introgressing genes from wild emmer using chromosome substitution lines that overcome many of the problems of conventional wide hybrids. It is important to derive several genotypes that possess a particular DIC chromosome pair, since genetic heterogeneity was detected even after five backcrosses to LDN. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. RP CANTRELL, RG (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 645 EP 649 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400019 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE ONEILL, JJ KIANG, YT BULT, CJ AF DEVINE, TE ONEILL, JJ KIANG, YT BULT, CJ TI GENETIC-LINKAGE OF THE RJ2 GENE IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GMU; GENETIC MAPPING UNIT(S); UV; ULTRAVIOLET ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM STRAINS; DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES; INHERITANCE; GENOTYPES; NODULATION AB Several genes controlling nodulation response in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., have been found and their use in restricting nodulation with less desirable strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum has been postulated. However, little is known of their linkage relationships with other genes. This report details genetic linkage tests of the Rj2 locus with 20 other loci: T, P1, L1, Y13, Adh1, W1, F, Rj1, Idh1, Fr1, Y9, Aco2, Dial, Fr2, Got, Mpi, Pgd1, Pgm1, Y10, and Y17. Only one of the genes tested showed evidence of genetic linkage with Rj2. The estimated distance of Aco2 from Rj2 was 44.7 +/- 2.1 genetic map units. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400023 ER PT J AU MELCHINGER, AE MESSMER, MM LEE, M WOODMAN, WL LAMKEY, KR AF MELCHINGER, AE MESSMER, MM LEE, M WOODMAN, WL LAMKEY, KR TI DIVERSITY AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNITED-STATES MAIZE INBREDS REVEALED BY RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BSSS; IOWA STIFF STALK SYNTHETIC; CM; CENTIMORGAN; KB; KILOBASE (1000 BASE PAIRS); LSC; LANCASTER SURE CROP; RD; ROGERS DISTANCE; AND GRD; SRD; GENERAL AND SPECIFIC ROGERS DISTANCE; AND MRD; MODIFIED ROGERS DISTANCE; RFLP; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; RYD; REID YELLOW DENT ID WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; ISOZYME VARIATION; SINGLE-CROSS; HYBRID MAIZE; LINES; MULTIVARIATE; POPULATIONS AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been proposed as molecular markers for characterizing the genetic diversity in maize (Zea mays L.). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of RFLP data for (i) elucidating heterotic patterns among maize inbreds and (ii) assessing genetic similarity among related and unrelated lines. Thirty-two maize inbreds from the U.S. Corn Belt were analyzed for RFLPs with two restriction enzymes and 83 DNA probes distributed over the maize genome. Eighty-two probes detected polymorphisms with at least one enzyme. On average, 4.3 variants were found per probe-enzyme combination across all 32 inbreds. Genetic distances among lines, estimated from RFLP data as Rogers' distance (RD), revealed considerable diversity among lines from Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS), Reid Yellow Dent (RYD), and Lancaster Sure Crop (LSC). Lines from different heterotic groups had a slightly greater RD mean than unrelated lines from the same heterotic group, yet differences were small when compared with the wide range of RDs for individual lines combinations within each group. RDs between related lines agreed well with expectations based on coancestry coefficients determined from pedigree data with few exceptions. Principal component analyses of RFLP data resulted in a separate grouping of lines from BSSS/RYD and LSC. Dispersion of lines of miscellaneous origins was generally consistent with expectations based on known breeding behavior and pedigrees. Results from this study suggest that RFLP data can be used for assigning inbreds into heterotic groups and quantifying genetic similarity between related lines, but it seems that a large number of probe-enzyme combinations are required to obtain reliable estimates of genetic distance. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV HOHENHEIM,W-7000 STUTTGART 70,GERMANY. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,CEREAL & SOYBEAN IMPROVEMENT RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 51 TC 146 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 669 EP 678 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400024 ER PT J AU PERCY, RG TURCOTTE, EL AF PERCY, RG TURCOTTE, EL TI EARLY-MATURING, SHORT-STATURED AMERICAN PIMA COTTON PARENTS IMPROVE AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PS-6; PIMA S-6; YD; YEAR DAY ID CROSSES AB The commercial potential of interspecific cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum L. X G. barbadense L.) remains unrealized due to several fiber-quality deficiencies and the agronomic traits excessive vegetative vigor and generally slow maturation rates. This study examined whether four G. barbadense strains, bred for short stature and early maturity, favorably affect hybrid plant height, earliness, and lint yield. The four strains and the G. barbadense commercial cultivar Pima S-6 (PS-6) were crossed to short-staple G. hirsutum cultivars McNair 235, Stoneville 506, TAMCOT SP21-S, and AZ107 to produce F1 hybrids. Hybrids and their parents were evaluated in replicated tests at Maricopa, AZ (1988), Safford, AZ (1988 and 1989), and Las Cruces, NM (1989). Maricopa is a low-elevation desert site (358 m); Safford and Las Cruces are at 884 and 1180 m, respectively. The G. barbadense parents influenced hybrid plant height at Maricopa and Las Crues, with PS-6 producing the tallest hybrids. At Maricopa and Safford (1989), the later-maturing PS-6 parent produced later-maturing hybrids and the early-maturing strains 84514 and 8327 produced earlier-maturing hybrids. Hybrid yields exceeded parent yields in the three higher-elevation tests. The best hybrid yield exceeded the best parent yield (of either species) by 29.1% at Safford (1989), 49.1% at Safford (1988), and 87.5% at Las Cruces. Significant G. barbadense contributions to hybrid yield performance were observed in all tests. At the three higher-elevation locations, the best hybrid yields were obtained from crosses involving the early-maturing, short-statured strains 84514 and 8327. Under the higher-elevation environments, which maximized hybrid yield heterosis, parent earliness was a better predictor of hybrid yield than was parent yield. RP PERCY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,MARICOPA AGR CTR,38760 W SMITH ENKE RD,MARICOPA,AZ 85239, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400032 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE KILEN, TC ONEILL, JJ AF DEVINE, TE KILEN, TC ONEILL, JJ TI GENETIC-LINKAGE OF THE PHYTOPHTHORA RESISTANCE GENE RPS2 AND THE NODULATION RESPONSE GENE RJ2 IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GMU; GENETIC MAP UNITS ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; GENOTYPES AB Genome mapping of the agronomically important genes in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is as yet in a primitive stage. In this study we tested the Rps2 locus controlling resistance to phytophthora root rot (induced by Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea T. Kuan & D.C. Erwin) for genetic linkage to the Rj2 locus controlling ineffective nodulation with certain strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The line BARC-4 (Rj2) carrying the Rj2 and Rps2 alleles was hybridized with 'Clark 63' carrying the rj2 and rps2 alleles. The F2 plants were characterized for the Rj2 vs. rj2 phenotypes by inoculating seeds in growth-tray culture with a strain (USDA 7) defining for the Rj2 locus. The F3 progeny derived from F2 plants assayed for the Rj2 gene were screened to determine the genotype at the Rps2 locus. The F3 seedlings were evaluated in hydroponic culture inoculated with Race 4 of P. megasperma. Analysis of data indicated a significant (P < 0.0001) chi-square for linkage. The maximum likelihood estimate for linkage indicated a very tight linkage with 2.7 +/- 1 genetic map units separating these loci. The Rps2-Rj2 linkage is designated Linkage Group 19. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 713 EP 715 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400033 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RC AF JOHNSON, RC TI SALINITY RESISTANCE, WATER RELATIONS, AND SALT CONTENT OF CRESTED AND TALL WHEATGRASS ACCESSIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RWC; RELATIVE WATER CONTENT (LEAF) ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; AGROPYRON; TOLERANCE AB Salinity is a significant factor in reducing stand establishment and productivity of grasses on certain rangeland sites. Research was undertaken to identify crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.] accessions potentially useful in breeding salt-resistant populations and to determine physiological factors associated with the superior salinity resistance of tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & Dewey] compared to crested wheatgrass. Forage production under saline (irrigation with -0.6 MPa NaCl solution) and nonsaline conditions was examined in plants grown in sand culture. Consistent differences in forage salinity resistance (forage dry wt. of salinity stressed plants/forage dry wt. of unstressed plants) were not detected, but crested wheatgrass accessions were identified with both high salinity resistance at germination and high forage production under saline and nonsaline conditions. High forage-producing crested wheatgrass accessions under salinity stress showed certain physiological responses similar to salt-resistant tall wheatgrass. Tall wheatgrass and high producing crested wheatgrass maintained average leaf turgor of 1.0 MPa over a range of NaCl irrigation solutions from 0 to -1.8 MPa, but turgor of low-producing crested wheatgrass was reduced by -1.2 and -1.8 MPa solutions. In -0.6 MPa solutions, tall wheatgrass and high forage-producing crested wheatgrass accessions had higher concentrations of K, lower Na, and lower Na/K ratios in leaves than low-producing crested wheatgrass. Concentrations of K, Na, and Cl in root tissue did not differ in crested wheatgrass. Tall wheatgrass, however, had consistently higher root K, Na, Cl, and lower Na/K ratios than crested wheatgrass. The results suggest that high forage production under saline conditions was related to turgor maintenance, lower Na/K ratios, and mechanisms for partial exclusion of Na in leaves. RP JOHNSON, RC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM & TESTING UNIT,59 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 730 EP 734 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400038 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP AF LIVINGSTON, DP TI NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION IN WINTER OAT CROWNS BEFORE AND DURING COLD HARDENING SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DP; DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION; FFT; FRUCTAN-FRUCTAN FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE; HPLC; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PPFD; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY; SST; SUCROSE-SUCROSE FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE ID FRUCTAN; BARLEY; RYE AB Most cool-season grasses store large amounts of fructan during fall hardening. Fructan storage has been extensively investigated in most winter cereals, but very little research has been reported in oat (Avena sativa L.). To compare fructan accumulation in crowns of representative winter cereals, two oat, two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), one wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and one rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar were raised under controlled conditions for 5 wk at 15-degrees-C and 3 wk at 2-degrees-C. Starting at the end of Week 4, and at weekly intervals, carbohydrates were extracted from fresh crown tissue and separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On a dry-weight concentration basis, oat crowns accumulated significantly less fructan of degree of polymerization greater than 9 (DP > 9) than all other cultivars and significantly more DP3 to DP7 fructan. The presence of large amounts of sucrose and DP3 to DP7 fructan suggested that substrate level was not limiting synthesis of DP > 9 fructan in oat. RP LIVINGSTON, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US REG PASTURE RES LAB, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 751 EP 755 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400042 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR KITANI, S HINSON, K BRUNIARD, J HORIE, T AF SINCLAIR, TR KITANI, S HINSON, K BRUNIARD, J HORIE, T TI SOYBEAN FLOWERING DATE - LINEAR AND LOGISTIC-MODELS BASED ON TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DAYLENGTH AB Temperature and photoperiod are important determinants of the time from emergence to flowering in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A linear and a logistic model have been developed independently for describing the development rate to flowering (a high development rate means a short time to flowering). Field experiments on Arredondo fine sand soil (loamy, siliceous hyperthermic Grossarenic Paleudult) at Gainesville, FL, during 3 yr using a range of sowing dates in each year provided data to evaluate each model. In the first 2 yr, 13 cultivars were grown from 17 sowing dates. The linear model was found to represent adequately these 2 yr of data, but the logistic model was somewhat superior for 12 of the 13 cultivars. The coefficients derived for each model from the first 2 yr of study were used to predict flowering date in the 3rd yr. Both models gave accurate predictions of flowering date, although the larger discrepancies between predictions and observations were obtained with the linear model. Assuming an adequate data base to evaluate the coefficients in each model, either model was able to predict soybean flowering date. C1 KYOTO UNIV,CROP SCI LAB,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 786 EP 790 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400048 ER PT J AU GRABBER, JH JUNG, GA AF GRABBER, JH JUNG, GA TI ISOLATION OF PARENCHYMA AND SCLERENCHYMA CELL-TYPES FROM THE PLANT-PARTS OF GRASSES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID MESOPHYLL; LEAVES AB A simple and rapid mechanical method is reported for the isolation of parenchyma and sclerenchyma from the leaf blade, leaf sheath, and stem of grasses. Parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells were isolated by wet-sieving homogenized plant parts of orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Parenchyma cells were collected in a fraction < 150-mu-m in diameter, while sclerenchyma cells were retained in a fraction > 1180-mu-m in diameter. The purity of parenchyma was very high from the leaf blade and leaf sheath (> 95%) and moderate from the stem (70-85%). Sclerenchyma preparations contained > 80% sclerenchyma fibers, with the balance consisting primarily of vascular tissue. This method provides a means of isolating parenchyma and sclerenchyma for studies of the chemical, digestion, and physical characteristics of their cell walls. This technique, however, cannot be used to estimate the proportions of cell types contained in grass herbage. C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP GRABBER, JH (reprint author), INST MINER,CHAZY,NY 12921, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 838 EP 842 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400057 ER PT J AU COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ WALKER, AK SCHMITTHENNER, AF AF COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ WALKER, AK SCHMITTHENNER, AF TI REGISTRATION OF PIXIE SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 ASGROW SEED CO, JANESVILLE, WI 53545 USA. OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. RP COOPER, RL (reprint author), OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400061 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, JJ MILLER, JF STATLER, GD GULYA, TJ AF HAMMOND, JJ MILLER, JF STATLER, GD GULYA, TJ TI REGISTRATION OF NECHE FLAX SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP HAMMOND, JJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400060 ER PT J AU COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ SCHMITTHENNER, AF MCBLAIN, BA FIORITTO, RJ MARTIN, SK CALIPDUBOIS, A AF COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ SCHMITTHENNER, AF MCBLAIN, BA FIORITTO, RJ MARTIN, SK CALIPDUBOIS, A TI REGISTRATION OF GNOME-85 SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID MEGASPERMA VAR SOJAE C1 OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT AGRON, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP COOPER, RL (reprint author), OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 848 EP 848 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400062 ER PT J AU MANSUR, LM DECIANZIO, SR SCHULTZ, SP FEHR, WR TACHIBANA, H AF MANSUR, LM DECIANZIO, SR SCHULTZ, SP FEHR, WR TACHIBANA, H TI REGISTRATION OF NEWTON SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00708. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP MANSUR, LM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 848 EP 849 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400063 ER PT J AU GREEN, CC CULP, TW KITTRELL, BU AF GREEN, CC CULP, TW KITTRELL, BU TI REGISTRATION OF 2 GERMPLASM OF UPLAND COTTON WITH HIGH-YIELD POTENTIAL AND FIBER QUALITY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS, FLORENCE, SC 29503 USA. PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR, FLORENCE, SC 29501 USA. RP GREEN, CC (reprint author), DELTA & PINE LAND CO, POB 1529, HARTSVILLE, SC 29550 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 853 EP 853 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400070 ER PT J AU GREEN, CC CULP, TW KITTRELL, BU AF GREEN, CC CULP, TW KITTRELL, BU TI REGISTRATION OF 5 GERMPLASM LINES OF UPLAND COTTON WITH HIGH-YIELD POTENTIAL AND FIBER QUALITY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS, FLORENCE, SC 29503 USA. PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR, FLORENCE, SC 29501 USA. RP GREEN, CC (reprint author), DELTA & PINE LAND CO, POB 1529, HARTSVILLE, SC 29550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 854 EP 855 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400073 ER PT J AU GREEN, CC CULP, TW KITTRELL, BU AF GREEN, CC CULP, TW KITTRELL, BU TI REGISTRATION OF 4 GERMPLASM LINES OF UPLAND COTTON WITH EARLY MATURITY AND HIGH-FIBER QUALITY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS, FLORENCE, SC 29503 USA. PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR, FLORENCE, SC 29501 USA. RP GREEN, CC (reprint author), DELTA & PINE LAND CO, POB 1529, HARTSVILLE, SC 29550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 854 EP 854 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FZ644 UT WOS:A1991FZ64400072 ER PT J AU MASON, JR NEAL, J OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR AF MASON, JR NEAL, J OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR TI BIRD-REPELLENT PROPERTIES OF SECRETIONS FROM NYMPHS OF THE AZALEA LACE BUG SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; AVOIDANCE; FEEDING; LACE BUG; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; REPELLENT; STEPHANITIS-PYRIODES ID CAPSAICIN; HEMIPTERA; TINGIDAE AB Many insect species possess chemical defenses against avian predators. Here, we present a series of behavioral investigations designed to assess the repellency of secretions produced by nymphs of the azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyriodes). In Experiment 1, adult and nymph lace bugs were presented to Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). The results indicated that adults (which lack chemical secretions) were relatively more palatable. In Experiment 2, we dipped nymphs in methylene chloride to remove secretion, and then presented dipped and undipped insects to birds. Consumption of the former nymphs was significantly higher than consumption of the latter, providing strong evidence that nymphs are avoided because of secretions. To test the corollary hypothesis that adults are palatable because they lack secretion (Experiment 3), we treated adult lace bugs as well as green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) with nymph secretions (a hydrochromone and a diketone). Treated insects of both species were avoided while untreated insects were not. Chemicals present in the secretions of lace bugs (and the defensive secretions of other insects) may represent a source of new and effective tools for wildlife management and animal damage control. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT & NEMATODE HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 1 IS 2 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.2307/1941815 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FP618 UT WOS:A1991FP61800012 PM 27755667 ER PT J AU KLEMCKE, HG POND, WG AF KLEMCKE, HG POND, WG TI PORCINE ADRENAL ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE RECEPTORS - CHARACTERIZATION, CHANGES DURING NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT, AND RESPONSE TO A STRESSOR SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOWL INDUCES ALTERATIONS; CORTICOTROPIN RECEPTORS; PROTEIN-MALNUTRITION; OWN RECEPTORS; CAMP RESPONSE; CELLS; RAT; ACTH; BINDING; CORTICOSTERONE AB ACTH receptors were characterized in the porcine adrenal cortex using a biologically active [I-125] Tyr23,Phe2,Nle4ACTH(1-38) analog, and a 149,000 x g(av) total particulate tissue preparation. Binding of this labeled ACTH analog to adrenocortical ACTH receptors was demonstrated to be time and temperature dependent, tissue and hormone specific, saturable, reversible, have a binding optimum at pH 7.5, and be dependent on the presence of Ca++. Scatchard analyses of saturation data using the computer program LIGAND indicated a single class of high affinity binding sites [association constant (K(a)) = 2.00 +/- 0.25 10(9) M-1)]. Hill plots of saturation data had slopes (b = 0.83 +/- 0.09) that did not differ from 1, and hence also indicated a single class of binding sites. The rate constant of association (k1 = 3.72 +/- 1.19 x 10(8) min-1 M-1) was compatible with the known rapidly occurring action of ACTH in pigs in vivo. Kinetic experiments also indicated the ACTH receptors to be of high affinity (4.18 +/- 0.54 x 10(10) M-1; n = 4). Receptor-associated degradation occurring to analog during incubations involved cleavage of the peptide into fragments rather than deiodination and could be partially prevented by use of 0.01% bacitracin. Subsequently, a study was conducted to determine changes in the ability of piglets to respond, in terms of plasma cortisol, to the physiological and psychological stressor of overnight maternal deprivation (MD) at various neonatal ages (days 3-31 of age); to measure age-related and stressor-associated changes in adrenal ACTH receptors; and to associate any changes in adrenal response with changes in ACTH receptors. Plasma cortisol obtained by venipuncture did not vary with age in either control or MD piglets but was elevated by MD (16.98 +/- 2.5 vs. 68.3 +/- 8.2 ng/ml). There was no effect of MD and associated hormonal perturbations on adrenal ACTH receptors. However, there were significant age-related differences in these receptors, with a 1.6-fold increase in concentrations (55.6 +/- 12.0 fmol/mg protein), and a 63% decrease (P < 0.05) in affinity (4.19 +/- 0.86 x 10(8) M-1) evident at 17 days of age compared with 10 and 24 days of age. The significance of these age-related changes in ACTH receptors for adrenal function remains to be determined; however, it is evident that in neonatal pigs, there is no stress nonresponsive period. RP KLEMCKE, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 128 IS 5 BP 2476 EP 2488 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FJ396 UT WOS:A1991FJ39600036 PM 1850352 ER PT J AU DAY, WH AF DAY, WH TI THE PECULIAR SEX-RATIO AND DIMORPHISM OF THE GARDEN FLEAHOPPER, HALTICUS-BRACTATUS (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Nearly 90% of the adult garden fleahoppers, Halticus bractatus, collected were females. This unbalanced sex ratio, though it is suggestive of a reproductive anomaly, is probably an artifact caused by the sweep net sampling method, and is likely a result of behavioral differences between the sexes. Nymphs were also inefficiently sampled by sweeping. Nearly 90% of female fleahoppers were the flightless, brachypterous morph. If this is representative of the population, then few females are capable of emigrating. This and the high parasitism rates recently discovered would contribute to the sporadic appearance of this insect in numbers sufficient to cause damage to crops. RP DAY, WH (reprint author), USDA,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 102 IS 3 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FU262 UT WOS:A1991FU26200001 ER PT J AU THOMAS, MR IRVING, CS REEDS, PJ MALPHUS, EW WONG, WW BOUTTON, TW KLEIN, PD AF THOMAS, MR IRVING, CS REEDS, PJ MALPHUS, EW WONG, WW BOUTTON, TW KLEIN, PD TI LYSINE AND PROTEIN-METABOLISM IN THE YOUNG LACTATING WOMAN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WHOLE-BODY; NONLACTATING WOMEN; MATERNAL DIET; TURNOVER; STARVATION; NITROGEN; MILK; PERFORMANCE AB Five lactating and five postpartum non-lactating women of similar ages, times postpartum, body weight and height consumed a liquid formula diet that supplied 1.3 g protein and 32 kcal/kg per day (lactating subjects) and 1.1 g protein and 26 kcal/kg per day (non-lactating subjects). Their last meal supplied 25% of the daily intake and was consumed 4 h before they received L-[C-13(1)]lysine (27-mu-mol/kg) by a single intravenous injection and L-[N-15(2)] lysine (27-mu-mol/kg) orally. Frequent plasma and breath samples were collected for 6 h during which time they consumed no food. On a separate day, subjects received NaH(CO3)-C-13 (10-mu-mol/kg) as a single intravenous dose and breath samples were collected for 6 h. Plasma tracer lysine levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry isotope ratiometry, and breath (CO2)-C-13 levels were measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Averaged tracer data for the two groups were fitted to a multicompartmental model of lysine and protein metabolism that partitioned lysine kinetics between a central and two tissue compartments. The tissue compartments had characteristically fast and slow rates of lysine turnover. The results were compared with those previously obtained in nulliparous women. The postpartum state was associated with a reduction in protein turnover in a compartment with a rapid rate of protein turnover and postpartum women catabolized significantly less lysine than nulliparous controls. Lactating women catabolized slightly more lysine than the non-lactating postpartum subjects, especially when lysine catabolism was expressed as a proportion of lysine flux. Lactation was associated with smaller splanchnic and extracellular pools of free lysine and with an increase in the rate constant for absorption of orally administered lysine. Lysine flux was significantly lower in the lactating subjects and this was associated with a decrease in the rate of lysine turnover in the slowly turning over lysine compartment. The results suggest that lactation is associated with a slower rate of protein turnover in a peripheral tissue compartment. We conclude that an intake of 1.3 g protein/kg per day may be inadequate to support the protein needs of lactation and body protein metabolism and may result in metabolic adaptations that maintain lactation at the potential expense of other aspects of maternal protein turnover. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA,ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM 28129] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 227 EP 242 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FZ578 UT WOS:A1991FZ57800001 PM 1915194 ER PT J AU SEDER, RA LEGROS, G BENSASSON, SZ URBAN, J FINKELMAN, FD PAUL, WE AF SEDER, RA LEGROS, G BENSASSON, SZ URBAN, J FINKELMAN, FD PAUL, WE TI INCREASED FREQUENCY OF INTERLEUKIN-4-PRODUCING T-CELLS AS A RESULT OF POLYCLONAL PRIMING - USE OF A SINGLE-CELL ASSAY TO DETECT INTERLEUKIN-4-PRODUCING CELLS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECRETING MURINE PLASMACYTOMAS; IGD MYELOMA PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; LYMPHOKINE ACTIVITIES; INDEPENDENT ANTIGEN; H-2 RECOGNITION; IDENTIFICATION; IL-4; ACTIVATION; POLYPEPTIDE AB A limiting dilution assay capable of detecting interleukin 4 (IL4) production by a single cell has been developed. This assay is based on the stimulation of T cells, in the presence of IL 2 (5 U/ml), with anti-CD3 antibody bound to the surface of Terasaki wells. Cells of the IL 4-selective indicator line, CT.4S, are added 24-36 h later and IL 4 production is determined based on their survival 24-48 h thereafter. A frequency of 0.98 was obtained for IL 4 production by T cells of the D10.G4 cell line. T cells from naive donors capable of producing IL 4 in response to anti-CD3 plus IL 2 were quite rare, with a frequency in four experiments ranging between 0.0003 and 0.0018. Treatment of mice with polyclonal activators known to increase the IL 4-producing capacity of T cells when assayed in bulk culture caused striking increases in the frequency of IL 4-producing cells. Similarly, culturing cells in vitro with anti-CD3, IL 2 and IL 4 for 5 days caused a marked increase in the frequency of cells capable of producing IL 4, to 0.031.IL 4 production by individual T cells is dependent upon IL 2. Thus, in naive T cell populations, the frequency of IL 4-producing cells in response to stimulation with anti-CD3 in the absence of IL 2 was below the limit of detection. T cells from primed donors showed a striking inhibition in the frequency of IL 4-producing cells in response to anti-CD3 when IL 2 was not present. The availability of a simple assay to measure the frequency of cells capable of producing IL 4 should have substantial utility in allowing the evaluation of conditions that regulate IL 4 production in vivo and in vitro. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED CTR,LAUTENBERG CTR TUMOR IMMUNOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP SEDER, RA (reprint author), NIAID,IMMUNOL LAB,BLDG 10,RM 11N311,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Le Gros, Graham/C-6725-2011; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1247 DI 10.1002/eji.1830210522 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FM553 UT WOS:A1991FM55300021 PM 1828031 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM SYTSMA, KJ SMITH, JF AF SPOONER, DM SYTSMA, KJ SMITH, JF TI A MOLECULAR REEXAMINATION OF DIPLOID HYBRID SPECIATION OF SOLANUM-RAPHANIFOLIUM SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Note DE CHLOROPLAST DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; PHYLOGENETICS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SOLANUM SECT PETOTA ID CHLOROPLAST DNA EVOLUTION; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; CULTIVATED POTATOES; ORIGIN; ASTERACEAE; INTROGRESSION; ONAGRACEAE; WILD; SAXIFRAGACEAE; HELIANTHEAE C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 66 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD MAY PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.2307/2409926 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FQ984 UT WOS:A1991FQ98400020 ER PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA TI A TYPE-II RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE OF STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS ST117 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE; STH117I; BSTNI AND ECORII ISOSCHIZOMER ID GENE CLONING; LACTOCOCCI; SEQUENCE; SYSTEMS; ENZYMES; DNA AB Streptococcus thermophilus strain 117 produces a type II restriction endonuclease designated as Sth117I. This enzyme was isolated from cell extracts by membrane filtration and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Anion exchange chromatography on a DE52 column yielded an enzyme preparation free of nonspecific nucleases. The optimal reaction conditions for Sth117I are: (1) [MgCl2] greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mM; (2) pH range of 6.5-7; (3) incubation temperature between 37 and 50-degrees-C; and (4) [NaCl] or [KCl] lesser-than-or-equal-to 50 mM. The results of single- and double-digestion experiments indicated that the Sth117I was an isoschizomer of BstNI and EcoRII with the recognition sequence of 5'-CCWGG-3'. The cleavage site of Sth117I was identified as 5'-CC WGG-3' by 5'-end analysis. This was supported by the results of ligation experiments with Sth117I-restricted DNAs and the BstNI- or EcoRII-generated fragments. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 80 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FL585 UT WOS:A1991FL58500014 ER PT J AU ADAMS, CE SACHS, S AF ADAMS, CE SACHS, S TI GOVERNMENTS ROLE IN COMMUNICATING FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE STUDENT ASSOC AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INST OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS : ETHICAL ISSUES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF INST OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS MEMBERS CY JUN 16-20, 1990 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, STUDENT ASSOC RP ADAMS, CE (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 254 EP 255 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FL373 UT WOS:A1991FL37300021 ER PT J AU GATCHELL, CJ AF GATCHELL, CJ TI YIELD COMPARISONS FROM FLOATING BLADE AND FIXED ARBOR GANG RIPSAWS WHEN PROCESSING BOARDS BEFORE AND AFTER CROOK REMOVAL SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMBER AB Gang-ripping technology that uses a movable (floating) outer blade to eliminate unusable edgings is described, including new terminology for identifying preferred and minimally acceptable strip widths. Because of the large amount of salvage required to achieve total yields, floating blade gang ripping is not recommended for boards with crook. With crook removed by cross-cutting to shorter, straight pieces, fixed arbor and floating blade procedures gave similar yield results. The yields from several hundred straight boards were also similar to those for the boards with crook removed. No. 1 Common had more yield in the longest lengths than did No. 2 Common, but the amount of No. 2 Common lengths had been shown earlier to be more than sufficient to meet the needs of the furniture and cabinet industries. RP GATCHELL, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 9 EP 17 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FM713 UT WOS:A1991FM71300002 ER PT J AU HANSEN, BG SINCLAIR, SA AF HANSEN, BG SINCLAIR, SA TI WOOD USE IN OFFICE FURNITURE MANUFACTURE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB This note focuses on changes in the office furniture industry's use of wood-based materials between 1967 and 1987. The office furniture industry's importance relative to the wood household furniture industry, as a consumer of wood-based materials, has increased significantly since 1967. While the total use of all wood-based material inputs by the industry is at record levels, use of specific materials per unit of output has been mixed. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP HANSEN, BG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROUTE 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FM713 UT WOS:A1991FM71300006 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, LH PARRESOL, BR AF WILLIAMS, LH PARRESOL, BR TI BORATE DIFFUSION INTO RED OAK SAPWOOD LUMBER - AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The length of time necessary to store red oak sapwood lumber (Quercus spp.) for adequate diffusion penetration of borates was studied by dip-treating for 1 minute matched packets of 5/4 (31.7 mm) lumber in heated 34 to 36 percent boric acid equivalent (BAE) solutions of two borates, ammonium pentaborate/sodium sulphate as AM-BOR-S(R)1 or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate as TIM-BOR(R). Treated packets were stored for diffusion under a plastic cover or in a shed and sampled after 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Results of ANOVA tests indicated that boron retentions in wood did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) by borate or by method and time of storage. After 3 weeks of diffusion storage, borate retentions found in board centers were adequate to provide protection from lyctid powderpost beetles and brown-rot decay fungi, provided treated wood is used aboveground where it is protected from frequent wetting. Fungicides tested alone and with borates prevented lumber discoloration by mold fungi, but not by enzymatic gray stain. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. RP WILLIAMS, LH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FM713 UT WOS:A1991FM71300009 ER PT J AU SOLTIS, LA HANSON, S AF SOLTIS, LA HANSON, S TI STRENGTH OF LIGHT-GAUGE STEEL NAILED CONNECTIONS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The objective was to determine if the 25 percent increase in allowable lateral nail strength values for steel sideplates in the National Design Specification (NDS) is valid for light-gauge steel side-plated connections, such as joist hangers. Lateral nail connections (120) were tested to compare 14-, 18-, and 20-gauge (1.9-, 1.2-, 0.9-mm-thick) steel side members connected to a southern pine main member. All tests used a 16d (0.165- by 3.5-in. (4.2- by 88.9-mm)) nail. Results indicate that the 25 percent increase listed in the NDS is conservative; increases of 40 to 50 percent were observed. Results were independent of steel-plate thickness. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SOLTIS, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FM713 UT WOS:A1991FM71300012 ER EF