FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU RASMUSSEN, HM DALLAL, GE PHELAN, E RUSSELL, RM AF RASMUSSEN, HM DALLAL, GE PHELAN, E RUSSELL, RM TI SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF RETINOL AND RETINYL ESTERS IN ADULTS IN RESPONSE TO MIXED VITAMIN-A AND CAROTENOID CONTAINING MEALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RETINYL ESTERS; CAROTENOIDS; RETINOL; VITAMIN-A ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA; BLOOD AB Previous studies using spectrophotometric methods for vitamin A analysis concluded that fasting prior to blood collection is not necessary for determining vitamin A status of children or young adult subjects. We measured the effect of mixed vitamin A and carotenoid containing meals with less than 3, 50, and 100% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin A on serum concentration of retinyl esters, retinol, and carotenoids in elderly and young adults after an overnight fast. Retinyl ester concentrations rose significantly in both age groups with a numerically higher rise over baseline in the elderly subjects: 6.0 +/- 0.9-mu-g/dl for elderly (p < 0.001), 5.0 +/- 0.5-mu-g/dl for young (p < 0.001) at 50% RDA; 9.0 +/- 1.3-mu-g/dl for elderly (p < 0.001) and 6.8 +/- 1.6-mu-g/dl for young (p < 0.05) at 100% RDA. We conclude that in both young and elderly adults, but especially in the elderly, fasting conditions are necessary for the accurate assessment of vitamin A status if spectrophotometric methods are used for measuring vitamin A. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 460 EP 465 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GG357 UT WOS:A1991GG35700006 PM 1955622 ER PT J AU SNYDER, JM MOUNTS, TL HOLLOWAY, RK AF SNYDER, JM MOUNTS, TL HOLLOWAY, RK TI VOLATILES FROM MICROWAVE-TREATED, STORED SOYBEANS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE FREE FATTY ACID; HEXANAL; MEAL; MICROWAVE; OIL; PEROXIDE VALUE; SOYBEAN; STATIC HEADSPACE; STORAGE; VOLATILE ID OIL; QUALITY; LIPOXYGENASE; MOISTURE AB Soybeans were microwaved to inactivate enzymes and prevent oil deterioration during storage. Microwave time was varied from 4 to 10 min, in 2-min increments, and the treated and control soybeans were stored for 8 weeks at 40-degrees-C. Damage was monitored by analysis of peroxide value and free fatty acid content of the extracted oil and by volatile analysis of the full-fat meal and extracted oil. Volatiles were measured by multiple headspace extraction, and the formation of hexanal was monitored in both oil and meal. During storage of the control beans, peroxide value increased from 0.41 to 1.20 meq/kg, hexanal concentration changed from 29 to 94 ppb and free fatty acid content increased from 0.4 to 1.7%. Oils extracted from soybeans that were microwaved for 4 or 6 min had peroxide values of about 1 meq/kg and hexanal concentrations of 39-44 ppb after storage, indicating partial inactivation of lipoxygenase enzymes. However, soybeans that were microwaved for 8 min or more tended to oxidize during storage to a greater extent than the control soybeans, showing higher peroxide values and greater formation of hexanal in the samples. This suggests that soybeans microwave-treated in excess of 8 min are heat-damaged and susceptible to deterioration during storage. Free fatty acid content of the oils from all of the microwave-treated soybeans was about 0.4% initially, and did not increase with storage, indicating inactivation of hydrolytic enzymes. RP SNYDER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 10 BP 744 EP 747 DI 10.1007/BF02662164 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL636 UT WOS:A1991GL63600010 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ CURTIS, CE AF LANDOLT, PJ CURTIS, CE TI MATING FREQUENCY OF FEMALE NAVEL ORANGEWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) AND PATTERNS OF OVIPOSITION WITH AND WITHOUT MATING SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEX-PHEROMONE; DISRUPTION AB Multiple spermatophores occurred in 24% of the navel orangeworm females collected in almond orchards in light traps. Numbers of spermatophores per female varied with population density, with greater mating frequency occurring at high population levels. Oldest females collected, with depleted ovaries and fat body, averaged 1.39 spermatophores per female. After mating, females in the laboratory laid most of their eggs within 24 hr. Unmated females oviposited daily but at a much lower rate than mated females, and all eggs deposited were infertile. Both mated and unmated females lived an average of 7.5 days in the laboratory. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 64 IS 4 BP 414 EP 420 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HC681 UT WOS:A1991HC68100009 ER PT J AU BARKER, JF JOACHIM, FG GRUGEL, S AF BARKER, JF JOACHIM, FG GRUGEL, S TI LABORATORY CONDITIONS FOR LARVAL DEVELOPMENT TO THE ADULT STAGE OF THE RED SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVIL, SMICRONYX-FULVUS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB Research on the biology and control of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, has been hampered by the inability to maintain the insect in the laboratory. After removal from the soil the larvae die, either from desiccation in dry conditions or uptake of water under very moist conditions and from pathogenic micro-organisms. This study was undertaken to describe holding conditions which would allow development of diapausing larvae to the pupal and adult stages. Larvae were held in modified microtiter trays to keep the larvae separated and in contact with a moist cotton substrate, containing 0.5 gm of water per gm of cotton. A 0.075% suspension of the fungicide, Benomyl, was used to control pathogenic fungi. Under these conditions the larvae survived, maintaining their average body weight at 4-1 +/- 0.1 mg which is the average weight of larvae at the time of collection from the field. The chamber in which the microtiter trays were held was maintained at 26.0 +/- 1.0-degrees-C on a L:D cycle of 15:9, and a relative humidity of 70-80%. Under these conditions, 60.93 +/- 0.97% of the larvae developed into adults. The procedure requires about 25 hours to produce 400 adult insects per week. The results should facilitate research-on pupal and adult development and biology of this important pest insect. RP BARKER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 64 IS 4 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HC681 UT WOS:A1991HC68100018 ER PT J AU ROGERS, TP FOOTE, BA TODD, JL AF ROGERS, TP FOOTE, BA TODD, JL TI BIOLOGY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF CHLOROPS-CERTIMUS AND EPICHLOROPS-EXILIS (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE), STEM-BORERS OF WETLAND SEDGES SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The life cycles of Chlorops certimus and Epichlorops exilis are described and illustrated. The adults are found in freshwater marshes where their host plants, species of the sedge genus Carex, occur. Eggs are deposited on the sheathing leaves of the host, and the larvae are stem borers. Both species are univoltine, overwintering as nearly mature larvae near the base of the sedge culm. Puparia are formed within the culm, and adults emerge in northeastern Ohio in early to mid-June. RP ROGERS, TP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FED BLDG,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 99 IS 4 BP 664 EP 683 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GY990 UT WOS:A1991GY99000009 ER PT J AU PLATTNER, RD ROSS, PF REAGOR, J STEDELIN, J RICE, LG AF PLATTNER, RD ROSS, PF REAGOR, J STEDELIN, J RICE, LG TI ANALYSIS OF CORN AND CULTURED CORN FOR FUMONISIN-B1 BY HPLC AND GC/MS BY 4 LABORATORIES SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP PLATTNER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 3 IS 4 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GU448 UT WOS:A1991GU44800020 PM 1760472 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, DL CALLIHAN, DR JARNAGIN, JL AF WHIPPLE, DL CALLIHAN, DR JARNAGIN, JL TI CULTIVATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS FROM BOVINE FECAL SPECIMENS AND A SUGGESTED STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review RP WHIPPLE, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 3 IS 4 BP 368 EP 373 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GU448 UT WOS:A1991GU44800024 PM 1760476 ER PT J AU CHEUNG, AK AF CHEUNG, AK TI CLONING OF THE LATENCY GENE AND THE EARLY PROTEIN-O GENE OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; HUMAN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; GLOBIN MESSENGER-RNA; TYPE-1 TRANSCRIPTS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER; INFECTED SWINE; NERVE GANGLIA; EXPRESSION AB A collection of overlapping cDNA clones encoding the latency transcript of pseudorabies virus and the DNA nucleotide sequence of the latency gene has been obtained. The transcript is spliced with 4.6 kb of intervening sequences. This mRNA, designated the large latency transcript, is 8.5 kb. It is polyadenylated and contains a large open reading frame capable of coding for a 200-kDa polypeptide. The direction of transcription is antiparallel to that of the immediate-early gene IE180 and a newly identified early gene, EP0. The latency transcript overlaps the entire IE180 gene and most of the EP0 gene. The EP0 mRNA is 1.75 kb and polyadenylated. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of cysteine-rich zinc finger domain similar to that of immediate-early gene ICP0 of herpes simplex virus types 1 and the gene 61 polypeptide of varicella-zoster virus. On the basis of the biological functions, conserved protein domains, and unique spatial arrangements of the homologous polypeptides (IE180 versus ICP4 and EPO versus ICP0) between pseudorabies virus and herpes simplex virus type 1, it is predicted that a homologous protein domain is also encoded by the 8.5-kb large latency transcripts of these two viruses. RP CHEUNG, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 55 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 65 IS 10 BP 5260 EP 5271 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA GF097 UT WOS:A1991GF09700017 PM 1654441 ER PT J AU NEILL, JD REARDON, IM HEINRIKSON, RL AF NEILL, JD REARDON, IM HEINRIKSON, RL TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION OF THE CAPSID PROTEIN GENE OF FELINE CALICIVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTED-CELLS; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA; VIRUS; RNA; PICORNAVIRUSES; GENOME; POLYPEPTIDE; REGION; MODEL AB The sequence of the 3'-terminal 2,486 bases of the feline calicivirus (FCV) genome was determined. This region of the FCV genome, from which the 2.4-kb subgenomic RNA is derived, contained two open reading frames. The larger open reading frame, found in the 5' end of the subgenomic mRNA, contained 2,004 bases encoding a polypeptide of 73,467 Da. The smaller open reading frame, encoded in the 3' end of the mRNA, was composed of 318 bases, encoding a polypeptide of 12,185 Da. The AUG initiation codon of the second open reading frame overlapped the UGA termination codon of the first, with the sequence AUGA. The nucleotide sequence of the region containing this overlap resembles the -1 frameshift sequences of the retroviruses. The 5' end of the 2.4-kb subgenomic RNA was mapped by primer extension analysis. There were two apparent transcription initiation points, both of which were 5' to the AUG initiation codon of the large open reading frame. Transcription from these sites yielded RNA transcripts with 5' nontranslated leader regions of 17 and 18 bases. The total length of the 2.4-kb subgenomic RNA was 2,375 bases (from the 5'-most start site) excluding the poly(A) tail. Edman degradation of the purified capsid protein of FCV showed that the capsid protein was encoded by the large open reading frame. Western immunoblot analysis of FCV-infected cells using a feline anti-FCV antiserum demonstrated that translation of the capsid protein was detectable at 3 h postinfection and continued to accumulate until 8 h postinfection, the last time examined. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. NR 34 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 65 IS 10 BP 5440 EP 5447 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA GF097 UT WOS:A1991GF09700038 PM 1716692 ER PT J AU DELGIUDICE, GD ROGERS, LL ALLEN, AW SEAL, US AF DELGIUDICE, GD ROGERS, LL ALLEN, AW SEAL, US TI WEIGHTS AND HEMATOLOGY OF WILD BLACK BEARS DURING HIBERNATION SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BLACK BEAR; BODY WEIGHT; HEMATOLOGY; HIBERNATION; LACTATION; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; URSUS-AMERICANUS AB We compared weights and hematological profiles of adult (> 3-yr-old) female black bears (Ursus americanus) during hibernation (after 8 january). We handled 28 bears one to four times (total of 47) over 4 yr of varying mast and berry production. Mean weight of lactating bears was greater (P < 0.0001) than that of non-lactating females. White blood cells (P < 0.05) and mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.005) also differed between lactating and non-lactating bears. Hemoglobin (P = 0.006) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.02) varied among years; values were lowest during 1975, following decreased precipitation and the occurrence of a second year of mast and berry crop shortages in a three-year period. Significant (P < 0.05) interaction between reproductive status (lactating versus non-lactating) and study year for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and packed cell volume, and increased mean corpuscular volume, suggested a greater nutritional challenge for lactating females compared to non-lactating females during the 1975 denning season. Our data suggest that hematological characteristics of denning bears may be more sensitive than weights as indicators of annual changes in nutritional status; however, other influential factors, in addition to mast and berry crop production, remain to be examined. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,FOREST WILDLIFE POPULAT & RES GRP,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. RP DELGIUDICE, GD (reprint author), US VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417, USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 637 EP 642 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP280 UT WOS:A1991GP28000016 PM 1758029 ER PT J AU STALLKNECHT, DE KELLOGG, ML BLUE, JL PEARSON, JE AF STALLKNECHT, DE KELLOGG, ML BLUE, JL PEARSON, JE TI ANTIBODIES TO BLUETONGUE AND EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUSES IN A BARRIER-ISLAND WHITE-TAILED DEER POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE BLUETONGUE VIRUS; EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ANTIBODIES; SEROLOGY ID GEORGIA AB From 1981 through 1989, serum samples from 855 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA), were tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). During this period, prevalence of precipitating antibodies to BTV and EHDV as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests decreased from 74% to 3% and from 34% to 1%, respectively. Antibodies were detected in serum samples from 0.5-yr-old deer only during 1981, 1982, and 1983, and with few exceptions, positive serological results after 1983 were restricted to older age classes. A decrease in prevalence of precipitating antibodies to BTV and EHDV in age classes exposed during 1981 indicates that AGID results from white-tailed deer populations underestimate the extent of previous exposure to these viruses. Serum neutralization test results from AGID-positive deer indicated that BTV 11 was the principal serotype responsible for infections during 1981. Since 1983, this serotype has been replaced by BTV 13; however, there has been a low level of transmission within the herd. Infection with EHDV 2 appeared most prevalent during 1982; as with BTV 13, there has been limited transmission in this high density deer population since 1983. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,GEORGIA DIAGNOST ASSISTANCE LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP STALLKNECHT, DE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 668 EP 674 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP280 UT WOS:A1991GP28000021 PM 1684621 ER PT J AU FLETCHER, WO STALLKNECHT, DE KEARNEY, MT EERNISSE, KA AF FLETCHER, WO STALLKNECHT, DE KEARNEY, MT EERNISSE, KA TI ANTIBODIES TO VESICULAR STOMATITIS NEW-JERSEY TYPE VIRUS IN WHITE-TAILED DEER ON OSSABAW ISLAND, GEORGIA, 1985 TO 1989 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE ANTIBODIES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; OSSABAW ISLAND; PREVALENCE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER ID PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; FERAL SWINE; PSYCHODIDAE; POPULATION; SEROTYPE; DIPTERA AB From 1985 to 1989, 491 serum samples were collected from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA) and were tested for neutralizing antibodies to New Jersey and Indiana type vesicular stomatitis viruses. Prevalence of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis New Jersey (VSNJ) virus in deer for the 5-yr period was 43%. Prevalence of antibodies differed by year (P < 0.0001), and was dependent on age class (P < 0.0001) and location on the island (P < 0.0001). Of 173 deer sampled from other locations in the southeastern United States, only two had VSNJ antibody titers normally considered positive (greater-than-or-equal-to 1: 32). The positive deer were f rom Union County, Arkansas (USA) and Wakulla County, Florida (USA). No evidence of exposure to vesicular stomatitis Indiana Virus was observed. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP FLETCHER, WO (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 675 EP 680 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP280 UT WOS:A1991GP28000022 PM 1661786 ER PT J AU SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN HANLON, CA RUPPRECHT, CE AF SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN HANLON, CA RUPPRECHT, CE TI NOTOEDRIC ACARIASIS IN THE PORCUPINE (ERETHIZON-DORSATUM) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE NOTOEDRES-DOUGLASI; PORCUPINE; ERETHIZON-DORSATUM; ACARIASIS; SKIN LESIONS; CASE REPORT ID 2 FOX SQUIRRELS; MANGE AB Six of 16 porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) live-trapped in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania were infested with the mite Notoedres douglasi. Alopecia was evident in the ventral inguinal area and the infested skin was thickened, wrinkled and had multifocal areas of extensive hyperkeratosis. Microscopically the skin lesions consisted of extensive acanthosis and hyperkeratosis with variable cellular infiltrate in the dermis. Mites were seen in tunnels in the hyperkeratotic skin sections. This is the first report of notoedric acariasis in the porcupine. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,NEW BOLTON CTR,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SNYDER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,POB 952,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 723 EP 726 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP280 UT WOS:A1991GP28000033 PM 1758044 ER PT J AU PATON, PWC ZABEL, CJ NEAL, DL STEGER, GN TILGHMAN, NG NOON, BR AF PATON, PWC ZABEL, CJ NEAL, DL STEGER, GN TILGHMAN, NG NOON, BR TI EFFECTS OF RADIO TAGS ON SPOTTED OWLS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTER LOADS; PACKAGES; SURVIVAL; GROUSE AB Fifteen of 47 radio-tagged northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) died during a 2-year study in northern California, and 11 of 33 radio-tagged California spotted owls (S. o. occidentalis) died in 2.5 years in the Sierra Nevada. Female owls with 19-g radio tags had significantly lower annual survival rates than color-banded females (P = 0.006) after a forest fire in 1987 in the Klamath Mountains. There were no differences in annual survival rates between males with and without radio tags. In 1988, fewer radio-tagged pairs (17%) fledged young than color-banded pairs (88%) (P < 0.001), and in 1989 radio-tagged pairs nested (7%) less often than color-banded owls (64%) (P = 0.0002). We suggest that spotted owl researchers avoid using backpack-mounted radio tags. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ARCATA,CA 95521. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 617 EP 622 DI 10.2307/3809508 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GW663 UT WOS:A1991GW66300012 ER PT J AU ROGERS, LL WILKER, GA SCOTT, SS AF ROGERS, LL WILKER, GA SCOTT, SS TI REACTIONS OF BLACK BEARS TO HUMAN MENSTRUAL ODORS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Due to widespread concern that menstruating women might be attacked by black bears (Ursus americanus), we recorded responses of 26 free-ranging black bears to tampons from 26 women and recorded responses of 20 free-ranging bears to 4 menstruating women in northeastern Minnesota. Menstrual odors were essentially ignored by black bears of all ages and either sex, regardless of season or the bear's reproductive status. In an extensive review of black bear attacks across North America, we found no instance of black bears attacking or being attracted to menstruating women. RP ROGERS, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,SR 1,BOX 7200,ELY,MN 55731, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 632 EP 634 DI 10.2307/3809511 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GW663 UT WOS:A1991GW66300015 ER PT J AU KIE, JG EVANS, CJ LOFT, ER MENKE, JW AF KIE, JG EVANS, CJ LOFT, ER MENKE, JW TI FORAGING BEHAVIOR BY MULE DEER - THE INFLUENCE OF CATTLE GRAZING SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; HABITAT SELECTION; SIERRA-NEVADA; TAILED DEER; HOME-RANGE; ELK; SIZE; POPULATION; HERBIVORE; PATTERNS AB We studied the effects of different cattle stocking rates on activity patterns of female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) on a summer range in the Sierra Nevada of California. Using an automated telemetry system, we determined that deer averaged 32 +/- 2.2 (SE)% of the time feeding, 8 +/- 1.1% traveling, and 60 +/- 2.4% resting per 24-hour period. Deer spent more time feeding and less time resting with increased cattle stocking rates. During 1984, a year of average precipitation, deer spent more time feeding per day in late summer than in early summer in range units grazed by cattle but did not do so in ungrazed range units. In 1985, a drier year, deer spent less time feeding per day in late summer in grazed range units. Time spent feeding by deer was negatively correlated with standing crop of herbaceous forage in meadow-riparian habitats. Deer increased their time spent feeding by shortening the length of resting bouts and including more feeding bouts each day, not by increasing the length of each foraging bout. Companion studies indicated that with cattle grazing, deer home-range sizes were larger (Loft 1988), and hiding cover for fawns was reduced (Loft et al. 1987). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that cattle competed with deer, particularly at high stocking rates and during a year of below-average precipitation. We suggest that female mule deer were acting as time-minimizers to meet the high energetic demands of lactation while minimizing their exposure to predators. Management options to reduce adverse effects include reducing or eliminating cattle grazing during early summer on all or part of the grazing allotment. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KIE, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2081 E SIERRA AVE,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA. OI Menke, John/0000-0002-0924-4349 NR 52 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.2307/3809516 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GW663 UT WOS:A1991GW66300020 ER PT J AU BURNS, RJ TIETJEN, HP CONNOLLY, GE AF BURNS, RJ TIETJEN, HP CONNOLLY, GE TI SECONDARY HAZARD OF LIVESTOCK PROTECTION COLLARS TO SKUNKS AND EAGLES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE; COMPOUND 1080; TOXICITY; MINK AB We evaluated the potential secondary hazard posed by striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) scavenging carcasses of coyotes (Canis latrans) killed by Livestock Protection Collars (LPC's). These collars are filled with a formulation of Compound 1080 registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Skunks and eagles were fed diets containing 4.1 and 7.7 ppm 1080, respectively, for 5 days. Although the treated diets contained 2-3 times the highest concentration of 1080 detected in carcasses of coyotes killed by LPC's, no deaths occurred. Some eagles showed signs of 1080 intoxication including loss of strength and coordination, lethargy, and tremors. Both species reduced consumption of treated diets but resumed normal feeding on untreated diets within a few days. We conclude that consuming carcasses of coyotes killed by LPC's poses little, if any, hazard to striped skunks or golden eagles. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP BURNS, RJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.2307/3809522 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GW663 UT WOS:A1991GW66300026 ER PT J AU MURPHY, DD NOON, BD AF MURPHY, DD NOON, BD TI COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY IN WILDLIFE BIOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GAINING RELIABLE KNOWLEDGE; NICHE; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; MANAGEMENT; TURNOVER; ISLANDS; HABITAT; ECOTOPE AB A decade after Romesburg admonished wildlife biologists to establish and test hypotheses to gain more "reliable knowledge," we have added an incentive to bring rigor to our science. Wildlife biologists are finding themselves defending their science against often savage criticism. At least 2 factors are central to producing solid, defendable science: (1) the rigorous application of scientific methods and (2) the development of clear operational definitions for terminology. The hypothetico-deductive (H-D) process, in the form of statistical tests of hypotheses based on experimental data, is hailed as the superior means of acquiring strong inference and reliable knowledge. Results from experimental studies, however, are seldom available, and most management decisions are made on the basis of incomplete information. We argue that even in the absence of experimental information, the H-D process can and should be used. All management plans and conservation strategies have properties that can be stated as falsifiable hypotheses and can be subjected to testing with empirical information and with predictions from ecological theory and population simulation models. The development of explicit operational definitions for key concepts used in wildlife science-particularly terms that recur in legislation, standards, and guidelines-is a necessary accompaniment. Conservation management and planning schemes based on the H-D process and framed with unequivocal terminology will allow us to produce wildlife science that is credible, defendable, and reliable. C1 US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95221. RP MURPHY, DD (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CTR CONSERVAT BIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 32 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.2307/3809531 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GW663 UT WOS:A1991GW66300035 ER PT J AU MANDRELL, TD AF MANDRELL, TD TI ACHROMOBACTER-XYLOSOXIDANS INFECTION IN BABOONS SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACTEREMIA; MENINGITIS C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT & ANIM CARE,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00140] NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 506 EP 508 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA HB766 UT WOS:A1991HB76600026 PM 1666159 ER PT J AU GARMYN, M YAAR, M HOLBROOK, N GILCHREST, BA AF GARMYN, M YAAR, M HOLBROOK, N GILCHREST, BA TI IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED MOLECULAR RESPONSE OF HUMAN KERATINOCYTES TO SOLAR-SIMULATED IRRADIATION SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE GENE INDUCTION; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION; SKIN CELLS ID CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; FOS PROTO-ONCOGENE; MESSENGER-RNA; C-MYC; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SUNBURN REACTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; EXPRESSION; GENE AB The clinical and histologic events in human skin after a single ultraviolet exposure are well documented; and both in vitro and in vivo studies have established immunologic and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet rays on cells. However, little is known about the ultraviolet damage/repair response at the level of gene induction. This study examines the genetic response in cultured human keratinocytes exposed to a single solar-simulated ultraviolet dose and harvested at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours postirradiation for northern blot analysis using c-DNA probes to well studied stress related genes, heat shock protein 70 and ubiquitin; to a recently cloned gene associated with growth arrest and DNA damage (gadd 153); to c-myc and c-fos, two proto-oncogenes known to be associated with cell growth and differentiation; and to glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, known to be involved in cellular intermediary metabolism. gadd 153 and c-fos mRNA levels are increased early (1-4 hours) in keratinocytes, at a time when the cells appear indistinguishable from nonirradiated controls. At the same early time points, the c-myc mRNA level is decreased. Heat shock protein 70 and ubiquitin transcripts are detectable under basal conditions but are not increased by ultraviolet exposure; although at later time points (24-48 hours), when there is morphologic evidence of cell damage and downregulation of the otherwise constitutively expressed gene glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, their unchanged steady state levels of mRNA constitute relative over expression. Irradiation of cells with the same solar-simulated ultraviolet dose filtered to remove the shortest and most damaging wavelengths results in a similar pattern of early gene induction, even though cell growth and survival are unaffected. These data suggest that two classes of genes participate in the response to ultraviolet rays: early genes whose mRNA levels are increased (gadd 153, c-fos) or decreased (c-myc) before or independent of any morphologic evidence of cell damage and late genes that are relatively increased (heat shock protein 70, ubiquitin) or decreased (glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase) in expression when morphologic cell damage is present. The early events may be a direct response to ultraviolet irradiation, whereas the late events may represent a secondary response to stress. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. GERONTOL RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 43 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 65 IS 4 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA GK685 UT WOS:A1991GK68500012 PM 1656141 ER PT J AU BAILLARGEON, MW MCCARTHY, SG AF BAILLARGEON, MW MCCARTHY, SG TI GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM NRRL Y-553 LIPASE - PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FATTY-ACID SPECIFICITY SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID FORMS; ASSAY AB Lipases from Geotrichum candidum NRRL Y-553 are of interest because of their unique specificity for cis-9-unsaturated f atty acids relative to both stearic and palmitic acids. The lipases were partially purified by chromatography on Octyl Sepharose, AG MP-1 macroporous anion exchanger, and chromatofocusing resin. The preparation was found to contain multiple, glycosylated lipases varying slightly in pI (pI 4.88, 4.78, 4.65, 4.57 and 4.52) as judged by both activity and silver staining. The molecular mass determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 64 kilodaltons for the main species, with minor species of 60 and 57 kilodaltons present as well. The specificity of the crude lipases for hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl esters of oleic vs. palmitic acid was 20-to-1. The specificity of the purified, partially separated lipases was similar to that of the crude preparation. Thus the lipases could be used even in crude form for the hydrolysis and restructuring of triacylglycerols on a large scale. RP BAILLARGEON, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 EI 1558-9307 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 831 EP 836 DI 10.1007/BF02536165 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GL414 UT WOS:A1991GL41400009 PM 1795605 ER PT J AU BYLER, DM GERASIMOWICZ, WV STOCKETTE, VM EBERL, DD AF BYLER, DM GERASIMOWICZ, WV STOCKETTE, VM EBERL, DD TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE INTERACTION OF UREA WITH THE NATURALLY-OCCURRING ZEOLITE CLINOPTILOLITE SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; WATER C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19144. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0026-265X(91)90090-C PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GH739 UT WOS:A1991GH73900007 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS ALYAMAN, F MINCHELLA, DJ LAROSA, G AF ZARLENGA, DS ALYAMAN, F MINCHELLA, DJ LAROSA, G TI A REPETITIVE DNA PROBE SPECIFIC FOR A NORTH-AMERICAN SYLVATIC GENOTYPE OF TRICHINELLA SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA PROBE; PARASITE DIAGNOSIS; REPETITIVE SEQUENCE; RIBOSOMAL RNA; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS ID AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PLASMID DNA; SPIRALIS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCES; FRAGMENTS; SWINE; GENE AB A partial genomic DNA library constructed in pUC 13 using DNA from a sylvatic isolate of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis T5) was differentially screened with radiolabeled homologous genomic DNA and with DNA from T. spiralis TI. One clone was identified and designated pUPB-3.7 which, by slot blot and Southern blot analyses, reacted specifically with T. spiralis T5 DNA and did not cross-react with DNA from any other T. spiralis genotype. The 482-bp repetitive sequence which is 70% rich in A and T residues, comprises at least 2.7% of the parasite genome and can detect as little as 0.4 ng of DNA. When used to assess the prevalence of T. spiralis T5 in Indiana wildlife, DNA from 19 of 20 independently obtained sylvatic isolates reacted positively with the pUPB-3.7 probe indicating that within this geographical locality, T. spiralis T5 is the predominating genotype in wild mammals. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. IST SUPER SANITA,PARASITOL LAB,ROME,ITALY. RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYST MAT PARASITOL LAB,BLDG 1180,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 48 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90109-J PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA GE357 UT WOS:A1991GE35700002 PM 1762626 ER PT J AU HADIDI, A POWELL, CA AF HADIDI, A POWELL, CA TI CDNA CLONING AND ANALYSIS OF RNA-2 OF A PRUNUS STEM PITTING ISOLATE OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE APPLE UNION NECROSIS AND DECLINE; DETECTION; CRNA PROBE; HYBRIDIZATION; PRUNUS STEM PITTING; TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ID DOT-HYBRIDIZATION DETECTION; UNION NECROSIS; DISEASE; INDUCTION; HOMOLOGY; TREES; PEACH; ASSAY C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,FT PIERCE,FL 34954. RP HADIDI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0890-8508(06)80004-6 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA GH383 UT WOS:A1991GH38300003 PM 1791854 ER PT J AU BOSWORTH, BT STJOHN, T GALLATIN, WM HARP, JA AF BOSWORTH, BT STJOHN, T GALLATIN, WM HARP, JA TI SEQUENCE OF THE BOVINE CD44 CDNA - COMPARISON WITH HUMAN AND MOUSE SEQUENCES SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE HOMING RECEPTOR; T-CELL ACTIVATION; DNA-SEQUENCE; MOLECULE; ADHESION; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; ANTIGENS; PROTEIN; SITE AB CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in leukocyte adherence, T-cell activation and lymphocyte homing. We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone which encodes for bovine CD44. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine CD44 has an overall high similarity with that of human and mouse CD44, 79.5 and 73.2%, respectively. In all three species, CD44 has a similar transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail. In addition, all of the cysteine residues and a majority of the putative N-linked glycosylation sites in the extracytoplasmic domain are conserved between bovine, human and mouse. All three species have an area of low interspecies similarity within the extracytoplasmic domain. This area has a similarity of 34% between bovine and human, 27% between bovine and mouse, and 35% between human and mouse. The location of this area of low similarity is conserved between species. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,DIV BASIC SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98104. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1131 EP 1135 DI 10.1016/0161-5890(91)90028-I PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA GJ565 UT WOS:A1991GJ56500010 PM 1922105 ER PT J AU MORGANJONES, G OWSLEY, MR KRUPINSKY, JM AF MORGANJONES, G OWSLEY, MR KRUPINSKY, JM TI NOTES ON COELOMYCETES .4. PHYLLOSTICTA-ANDROPOGONIVORA, CAUSAL ORGANISM OF LEAFSPOT DISEASE OF SCHIZACHYRIUM-SCOPARIUM (LITTLE BLUESTEM) AND ANDROPOGON-GERARDII (BIG AND SAND BLUESTEM), RECLASSIFIED IN ASCOCHYTA SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Note ID GENUS PHOMA; MEDICAGINIS AB Phyllosticta andropogonivora Sprague & Rogerson, which causes a leaf spot disease of little, big and sand bluestem, has been found, following examination of type and other material, to be misclassified. Following modern generic concepts, it is better placed in Ascochyta Lib., and is accordingly transferred to that genus. It is described and illustrated from host specimens and in vitro. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP MORGANJONES, G (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 42 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GW360 UT WOS:A1991GW36000007 ER PT J AU RYAN, AS RUSH, D KRIEGER, FW LEWANDOWSKI, GE AF RYAN, AS RUSH, D KRIEGER, FW LEWANDOWSKI, GE TI RECENT DECLINES IN BREAST-FEEDING IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1984 THROUGH 1989 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; DEMOGRAPHY ID 1ST 12 MONTHS; RECENT TREND; PATTERNS; DURATION; LIFE AB Ongoing surveys performed by Ross Laboratories demonstrate recent declines both in the initiation of breast-feeding and continued breast-feeding at 6 months of age. Comparing rates in 1984 and 1989, the initiation of breast-feeding declined approximately 13% (from 59.7% to 52.2%), and there was a 24% decline in the rate of breast-feeding at 6 months of age (from 23.8% to 18.1%). The decline in breast-feeding was seen across all groups studied but was greater in some groups than in others. Logistic regression analysis indicates that white ethnicity, some college education, increased maternal age, and having an infant of normal birth weight were all positively associated with the likelihood of both initiating breast-feeding and continuing to breast-feed to at least 6 months of age. Women who were black and who were younger, no more than high school educated, enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children supplemental food program, working outside the home, not living in the western states, and who had an infant of low birth weight were less likely either to initiate breast-feeding or to be nursing when their children were 6 months of age. The factors influencing the decline in breast-feeding were not uniform. There were fewer sociodemograpahic factors associated with the decline in the initiation of breast-feeding than in the decline in prolonged breast-feeding. While the disparity between older and younger mothers in initiating breast-feeding increased, there was an off-setting trend as the disparity associated with parity decreased. The only other significantly changed relationship for initiation of breast-feeding was that the disparity associated with higher income increased significantly: the decline in the rates of breast-feeding among the less affluent was greater than among the more affluent. Many more sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with declines in breast-feeding at 6 months of age. The disparity between those mothers not employed and those employed increased (from an odds ratio of 1.65 in 1984 to 2.43 in 1989). The disparities associated with age and parity both increased over time: the rate of breast-feeding declined more steeply among younger and primiparous mothers than among older and multiparous mothers. Similarly, the declines were greater among those enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children program (compared with those not enrolled), those with less than a college education (compared with some college education), and those not residing in the western region of the United States (compared with those residing in the West). Educational efforts to promote breast-feeding are needed for all pregnant women and should be particularly directed toward the groups who have experienced the most rapid recent decline in the rates of breast-feeding. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP RYAN, AS (reprint author), ROSS LABS,625 CLEVELAND AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43216, USA. NR 22 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1991 VL 88 IS 4 BP 719 EP 727 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GY801 UT WOS:A1991GY80100008 PM 1896274 ER PT J AU TOGNETTI, J HIRSCHMAN, JD MCLAUGHLIN, JE AF TOGNETTI, J HIRSCHMAN, JD MCLAUGHLIN, JE TI DECLINE IN BREAST-FEEDING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter RP TOGNETTI, J (reprint author), USDA,FOOD & NUTR SERV,OFF ANAL & EVALUAT,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1991 VL 88 IS 4 BP 873 EP 874 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GY801 UT WOS:A1991GY80100039 PM 1896303 ER PT J AU WHEELER, MH BHATNAGAR, D KLICH, MA AF WHEELER, MH BHATNAGAR, D KLICH, MA TI EFFECTS OF CHLOBENTHIAZONE ON AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS AND ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHIBITION; TRICYCLAZOLE; VERSICOLORIN; DICHLORVOS; PRECURSOR C1 SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP WHEELER, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PATHOL RES UNIT,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90073-U PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GM051 UT WOS:A1991GM05100009 ER PT J AU MEINZER, FC GRANTZ, DA AF MEINZER, FC GRANTZ, DA TI COORDINATION OF STOMATAL, HYDRAULIC, AND CANOPY BOUNDARY-LAYER PROPERTIES - DO STOMATA BALANCE CONDUCTANCES BY MEASURING TRANSPIRATION SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CANOPY DEVELOPMENT; STOMATA; TRANSPIRATION; WATER TRANSPORT ID WATER TRANSPORT; SUGARCANE; HUMIDITY; LEAF; RESPONSES AB A striking coordination is observed in sugarcane between prevailing levels of stomatal opening and the hydraulic capacity of the soil, roots and stem to supply the leaves with water. This coordination of vapor phase and liquid phase conductances is associated with decreases in stomatal conductance on a leaf area basis that compensate for increasing leaf area during canopy development, causing transpiration to approach a maximum value on a per plant or ground area basis rather than increase linearly with leaf area. The resulting balance between water loss and water transport capacity maintains leaf water status remarkably constant over a wide range of plant sizes and growing conditions. These changes in stomatal conductance during development are determined by changes in the composition of the xylem sap rather than by changes in leaf properties. Changes in boundary layer conductance resulting from non-developmental changes in canopy structure such as lodging cause additional changes in stomatal conductance mediated by altered humidity at the leaf surface. These maintain a constant level of total canopy vapor phase conductance (stomatal and boundary layer in series) and a constant level of canopy transpiration. These patterns indicate that stomata exert an active role in regulating transpiration even in dense canopies. This control function is consistent with stomatal metering of transpiration, mediated by fluxes of root-derived materials in the xylem sap. C1 USDA ARS,AIEA,HI 96701. RP MEINZER, FC (reprint author), HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 23 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 10 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM457 UT WOS:A1991GM45700018 ER PT J AU WISNIEWSKI, M BILES, C DROBY, S MCLAUGHLIN, R WILSON, C CHALUTZ, E AF WISNIEWSKI, M BILES, C DROBY, S MCLAUGHLIN, R WILSON, C CHALUTZ, E TI MODE OF ACTION OF THE POSTHARVEST BIOCONTROL YEAST, PICHIA-GUILLIERMONDII .1. CHARACTERIZATION OF ATTACHMENT TO BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; CELL-SURFACE; ADHESION; DISEASES; PURIFICATION; GLUCANASES; VEGETABLES; FRUITS C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP WISNIEWSKI, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 20 TC 164 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0885-5765(91)90033-E PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GX879 UT WOS:A1991GX87900001 ER PT J AU LAWSON, RH DIENELT, MM AF LAWSON, RH DIENELT, MM TI CHRYSANTHEMUM FOLIAN NECROSIS - SYMPTOMS, HISTOCHEMISTRY, AND X-RAY-ANALYSIS OF LEAF LESIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHRYSANTHEMUM PHLOEM NECROSIS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY ID PHLOEM NECROSIS; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY AB Foliar necrosis in the Marble cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzveler) is characterized by necrotic spotting in the lower leaves with associated chlorosis and premature senescence. The disorder is associated with manganese sensitivity and symptoms are amplified by the addition of supplemental manganese. Symptoms of foliar necrosis were produced in a high percentage of scion grafts of the D. grandiflora 'Fanfare' control when rootstocks of the Marble cultivars were treated with supplemental manganese. Marble and control cultivars with manganese-induced necrotic lesions showed degeneration in the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells adjacent to the vascular bundle. Bundle sheath cells were distorted, xylem vessels were occluded, and some sieve elements and companion cells were obliterated. Cell wall appositions were present in bundle sheath and epidermal cells abutting collapsed mesophyll cells. Supplemental manganese enhanced the cytological changes associated with necrosis. Normal, non-necrotic tissue in the Marble and control cultivars showed obliteration of some sieve elements and companion cells that was enhanced in necrotic Marble and control tissue. X-ray analysis revealed manganese accumulations in necrotic lesions in Marble cultivars with and without supplemental manganese, but not in symptomless tissue. We conclude that foliar necrosis in the Marble cultivars is associated with manganese toxicity. RP LAWSON, RH (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1071 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK732 UT WOS:A1991GK73200001 ER PT J AU DIENELT, MM LAWSON, RH AF DIENELT, MM LAWSON, RH TI CHRYSANTHEMUM FOLIAR NECROSIS - TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF LEAF LESIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHRYSANTHEMUM PHLOEM NECROSIS ID PHLOEM NECROSIS; TRANSFER CELLS; LEAVES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; COWPEA AB Plants of the Marble cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflora (formerly Chrysanthemum X morifolium) often display necrotic spotting of lower leaves and premature leaf senescence. Ultrastructural cytopathology from leaves of cultivars Pink Marble, White Marble, and Florida Marble was compared with that of leaf tissue from unaffected chrysanthemum cultivars Vero, Fanfare, Surf, and Bonnie Jean. P-protein and plastid complexes in sieve elements of the Marble cultivars were often highly electron-dense and sieve and companion cell obliteration sometimes appeared enhanced over controls. Mature sieve elements contained endoplasmic reticulum, plasmalemmae, plastids with starch grains, mitochondria, vesicles, and P-protein. Mycoplasmalike organisms were not observed. Necrosis was distinguished by collapse of mesophyll and epidermal cells, formation of papillae-like appositions on cell walls bordering necrosis, and accumulations of electron-dense spherical or filamentoid substances in central vacuoles. Similar features were present in necrotic foliar lesions from Vero, Fanfare, and Bonnie Jean treated with toxic levels of manganese. Results are consistent with earlier evidence indicating that chrysanthemum foliar necrosis in the Marble cultivars is associated with manganese toxicity and not a biotic agent. RP DIENELT, MM (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1079 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK732 UT WOS:A1991GK73200002 ER PT J AU RISTAINO, JB PERRY, KB LUMSDEN, RD AF RISTAINO, JB PERRY, KB LUMSDEN, RD TI EFFECT OF SOLARIZATION AND GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS ON SCLEROTIA OF SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII, SOIL MICROBIOTA, AND THE INCIDENCE OF SOUTHERN BLIGHT OF TOMATO SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLAR HEATING ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; VERTICILLIUM WILT; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; BIOCONTROL; GROWTH AB Soil solarization in combination with the introduction of the fungal antagonist Gliocladium virens were evaluated as a potential disease management strategy for control of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on tomatoes in North Carolina. Highest soil temperatures measured during the solarization period in 1988 and 1990 were 41 and 49 C, respectively, whereas maximum differences in soil temperature between plots that were solarized and plots that were not solarized were 9 C in 1988 and 14 C in 1990. G. virens significantly reduced numbers of sclerotia of S. rolfsii by 100, 96, and 56% to depths of 30 cm in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively, whereas solarization alone reduced numbers of sclerotia by 62% in 1990. When disease pressure was high in 1988, disease incidence in plots planted immediately after treatment was reduced by 49% in solarized soils amended with G. virens before solarization as compared to untreated controls. When disease pressure was low in 1990, disease incidence was reduced by either 77% in solarized soils or 53% in soils amended with G. virens alone, but the combined treatment did not significantly reduce disease the season after treatment. At shallow depths, introduced (G. virens) and indigenous fungi (Trichoderma spp.) did not survive solarization, but recovery of Trichoderma spp. increased when alginate bran pellets containing G. virens were added at depths of 20 and 30 cm in soil. Populations of thermotolerant fungi increased in solarized soils at 10-cm depths, whereas populations of fluorescent pseudomonads decreased immediately after solarization. Plant dry weights were doubled 4 wk after solarization as compared to untreated controls, but fruit yield of tomato planted the season after solarization was not affected by either solarization or the presence of G. virens. Solarization for a 6-wk period during the warmest months of the summer between a spring and fall-grown vegetable crop and treatment of solarized soils with G. virens could provide an additional management alternative for southern blight in the coastal plains of North Carolina. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RISTAINO, JB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1117 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK732 UT WOS:A1991GK73200009 ER PT J AU ADAMS, PB WONG, JAL AF ADAMS, PB WONG, JAL TI THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL PESTICIDES ON THE INFECTION OF SCLEROTIA OF SCLEROTINIA-MINOR BY THE BIOCONTROL AGENT SPORIDESMIUM-SCLEROTIVORUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; LETTUCE DROP; SOIL AB Pesticides were evaluated in vitro and in soil for toxicity to Sporidesmium sclerotivorum. Of the 46 pesticides evaluated in vitro, five fungicides (benomyl, captafol, chlorothalonil, thiabendazole, and thiophanate-methyl) and one herbicide (naptalam + dinoseb) were highly toxic to the biocontrol agent at 1-mu-g/ml in poison agar assays. Only three fungicides (anilazine, pentachloronitrobenzene, and thiram) were moderately toxic at 10-mu-g/ml. The remaining 37 pesticides were either slightly toxic (100-mu-g/ml) or less. In soil, chlorothalonil was the most toxic pesticide. This fungicide prevented the infection of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor in soil by S. sclerotivorum at 10-mu-g/g of soil. Five fungicides were further evaluated in soil columns. None of the fungicides were toxic to the biocontrol agent in soil at concentrations likely to be encountered in the field. Apparently, pesticides can be used in conjunction with S. sclerotivorum in an integrated approach to disease control. C1 DEPT PRIMARY IND,NEW TOWN RES LABS,NEWTOWN,TAS 7008,AUSTRALIA. RP ADAMS, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1340 EP 1343 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1340 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK732 UT WOS:A1991GK73200028 ER PT J AU MEHTA, RA PARSONS, BL MEHTA, AM NAKHASI, HL MATTOO, AK AF MEHTA, RA PARSONS, BL MEHTA, AM NAKHASI, HL MATTOO, AK TI DIFFERENTIAL PROTEIN-METABOLISM AND GENE-EXPRESSION IN TOMATO FRUIT DURING WOUNDING STRESS SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENE EXPRESSION; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; TOMATO; WOUNDING ID ACYL-CARRIER PROTEIN; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; POTATO-TUBER; TISSUE; PEROXIDASE; SEQUENCE; INFECTION; PERICARP; AVOCADO; CLONING AB Changes in protein and RNA levels which occur in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Pik-red) fruit tissue upon wounding were analyzed. Antibodies to nine plant proteins were used to identify the related cross-reactive proteins in tomato fruit tissue and quantify their abundance during wounding. Antibodies tested were pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-1a, 1b, 1c; PR-2, N, O; PR-P, Q; basic chitinase), plastid proteins (sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; acyl carrier protein; large subunit of Rubisco), cellulase and 33-kD cationic peroxidase. Marked differences in mRNA populations were also detected when the protein translation products following in vitro translation of poly(A)+ RNAs isolated from unwounded and wounded fruit tissue were compared. More direct evidence for the changes in mRNA levels was obtained by using specific cDNA probes, isolated from a cDNA library of wounded tomato pericarp tissue. Two cDNA clones identified RNAs that were induced upon wounding while a third cDNA clone identified a transcript whose abundance decreased. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,ROOM 118,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. US FDA,INST BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1057 EP 1065 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA GN750 UT WOS:A1991GN75000017 ER PT J AU HOGAN, KP SMITH, AP ZISKA, LH AF HOGAN, KP SMITH, AP ZISKA, LH TI POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE ON TROPICAL PLANTS SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE CLIMATE CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL; WATER USE EFFICIENCY ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; WATER RELATIONS; RAIN-FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE CHANGE; COSTA-RICA; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; INSECT HERBIVORE AB Very little attention has been directed at the responses of tropical plants to increases in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the potential climatic changes. The available data, from greenhouse and laboratory studies, indicate that the photosynthesis, growth and water use efficiency of tropical plants can increase at higher CO2 Concentrations. However, under field conditions abiotic (light, water or nutrients) or biotic (competition or herbivory) factors might limit these responses. In general, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations seem to increase plant tolerance to stress, including low water availability, high or low temperature, and photoinhibition. Thus, some species may be able to extend their ranges into physically less favourable sites, and biological interactions may become relatively more important in determining the distribution and abundance of species. Tropical plants may be more narrowly adapted to prevailing temperature regimes than are temperate plants, so expected changes in temperature might be relatively more important in the tropics. Reduced transpiration due to decreased stomatal conductance could modify the effects of water stress as a cue for vegetative or reproductive phenology of plants of seasonal tropical areas. The available information suggests that changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations could affect processes as varied as plant/herbivore interactions, decomposition and nutrient cycling, local and geographic distributions of species and community types, and ecosystem productivity. However, data on tropical plants are few, and there seem to be no published tropical studies carried out in the field. Immediate steps should be undertaken to reduce our ignorance of this critical area. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOGAN, KP (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 166 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 8 BP 763 EP 778 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01441.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GP369 UT WOS:A1991GP36900003 ER PT J AU YANG, XB DOWLER, WM ROYER, MH AF YANG, XB DOWLER, WM ROYER, MH TI ASSESSING THE RISK AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AN EXOTIC PLANT-DISEASE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; SOYBEAN RUST; WORLD; CONSEQUENCES; TEMPERATURE; INFECTION C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 75 IS 10 BP 976 EP 982 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GF728 UT WOS:A1991GF72800001 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE AF WELTY, RE TI EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES APPLIED SINGLY AND IN COMBINATION ON SEED YIELD AND 3 LEAF-SPOT DISEASES IN ORCHARDGRASS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE FORAGE; SCOLICOTRICHUM-GRAMINIS; SEED PRODUCTION AB Leaf diseases caused by Mastigosporium rubicosum (cause of eyespot), Rhynchosporium orthosporum (cause of scald), and Cercosporidium graminis (cause of leaf streak) were identified on orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) grown for seed. Fungicides (captafol, chlorothalonil, and propiconazole) were applied up to three times per year to plants in different stages of growth for 5 yr (1984-1988). Leaf area damaged by diseases (primarily scald) ranged from moderate to severe depending on the yearly variation in precipitation. In wet years, seed yields were significantly larger (P = 0.05) in plots treated with chlorothalonil than nontreated controls. Scores for leaf area damaged by disease in plots treated with chlorothalonil (when significantly different from controls) were inversely related to seed yield. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1004 EP 1008 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GF728 UT WOS:A1991GF72800006 ER PT J AU HIMMEL, PT HEWINGS, AD GLAWE, DA AF HIMMEL, PT HEWINGS, AD GLAWE, DA TI INCIDENCE OF SOILBORNE WHEAT MOSAIC-VIRUS AND ITS REPORTED VECTOR, POLYMYXA-GRAMINIS, IN FIELD-GROWN SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; INFECTION AB The incidence of soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Polymyxa graminis in four resistant (Hart, Purdue, IL 87-7394, and IL 85-2655) and four susceptible (Cardinal, Rosette, Michigan Amber, and Maryland 75-266-46) soft red winter wheat cultivars was investigated in field experiments during 1989-1990. Soilborne wheat mosaic virus antigen in roots and shoots was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). P. graminis root infections were assessed with bright field microscopy. Both resistant and susceptible cultivars became infected with the virus shortly after planting in the fall. Virus antigen was detected by ELISA in shoots of all resistant and susceptible plants until dormancy. When growth resumed in the spring, detectable viral antigen was significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) lower in the shoots of resistant cultivars. In contrast, the detectable antigen in roots of resistant cultivars was significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) lower than in susceptible cultivars for almost the entire 1989-1990 field season. The lower incidence of SBWMV in roots was associated with fewer shoot infections after dormancy. Although not statistically different, the number of resting spores of P. graminis per centimeter of root was generally lower in resistant than in susceptible cultivars. The results of this study suggest that mechanisms of resistance to soilborne wheat mosaic may involve a reduction in rates of virus particle assembly, movement, and/or replication. C1 USDA,ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP HIMMEL, PT (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1008 EP 1012 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GF728 UT WOS:A1991GF72800007 ER PT J AU ALDERMAN, SC AF ALDERMAN, SC TI ASSESSMENT OF ERGOT AND BLIND SEED DISEASES OF GRASSES IN THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY OF OREGON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DISEASE SURVEY; SEED PRODUCTION AB The levels of ergot and blind seed among grasses grown for seed in the Willamette Valley of Oregon between 1986 and 1989 were assessed. Seed samples, representing nine grass species, were obtained from the Oregon State University Seed Laboratory (seed lab) or, in 1988 and 1989, were collected from commercial fields before harvest. Grower management information was obtained for 179 and 218 fields in 1988 and 1989, respectively. The correlation coefficient between seed lab samples and field samples with ergot in 1988 and 1989 was 0.90 and 0.61, respectively. Ergot was observed in 2-34% of the colonial bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and chewing festuca seed samples examined. Significantly (P = 0.05) more samples infested with ergot were observed in 1988 than in 1989. The percentage of ergot in burned and nonburned fields was similar in 1988 and 1989, and the incidence ranged from 4 to 11%. The correlation coefficient between seed lab samples and field samples with blind seed in 1988 and 1989 was 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. Blind seed was detected in 8-10% of the tall fescue and in 2-3% of the perennial ryegrass seed samples examined. Blind seed was detected in 38% of fields open burned and 0% of fields not burned in 1988. In 1989, 6% of the fields open burned and 4% of the fields not burned contained blind seed. RP ALDERMAN, SC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1038 EP 1041 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GF728 UT WOS:A1991GF72800015 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JM CLARKE, HRG BRADSHAW, HD GORDON, MP AF DAVIS, JM CLARKE, HRG BRADSHAW, HD GORDON, MP TI POPULUS CHITINASE GENES - STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, AND SIMILARITY OF TRANSLATED SEQUENCES TO HERBACEOUS PLANT CHITINASES SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTONWOOD; GENE FAMILY; PHYLOGENY; SYSTEMIC RESPONSE; WOUNDING ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; MESSENGER-RNAS; POPLAR TREES; DNA; ENDOCHITINASE; TOBACCO; POTATO; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITORS AB Poplar trees have at least two different chitinase genes, win6 and win8, which are systemically wound-inducible and belong to multigene families [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 7895-7899). On one genomic clone that we have partially sequenced, there are three win6 genes which are transcriptionally oriented in the same direction. Between two of the win6 genes is a gene that we have designated chitinase X (chiX), which appears to be a pseudogene belonging to a multigene family distinct from win6 and win8. The win6 and chiX genes we have sequenced contain two AT-rich introns that correspond in location to those in a basic chitinase gene from tobacco. The predicted Win6 proteins have a putative signal peptide, a cysteine-rich 'hevein' domain, a hinge region, and a catalytic domain as described in Shinshi et al. [Plant Mol Biol 14: 357-368]. The predicted Win8 protein, by contrast, completely lacks a hinge region. Both Win6 and Win8 are expected to be highly acidic (with a calculated net charge of -15 to -17), whereas ChiX proteins are likely to be basic. Based on an inferred phylogeny, the catalytic domain of ChiX is more closely related to the basic chitinases of herbaceous plants than are either Win6 or Win8. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT BIOCHEM SJ-70,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MICROBIOL SC-42,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 33 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.1007/BF00037049 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GK492 UT WOS:A1991GK49200005 PM 1912489 ER PT J AU AVNI, A MEHTA, RA MATTOO, AK GREENBERG, BM CHATTOO, BB HELLER, D EDELMAN, M AF AVNI, A MEHTA, RA MATTOO, AK GREENBERG, BM CHATTOO, BB HELLER, D EDELMAN, M TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE SPIRODELA-OLIGORRHIZA CHLOROPLAST PSBA GENE CODING FOR THE D1 (32 KDA) PHOTOSYSTEM-II PROTEIN SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DUCKWEED; PLASTID GENE; GENE SEQUENCE; PSBA ID THYLAKOID MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; DNA C1 MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA, DEPT MICROBIOL, BARODA 390002, GUJARAT, INDIA. MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA, CTR BIOTECHNOL, BARODA 390002, GUJARAT, INDIA. WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT PLANT GENET, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT BIOL, WATERLOO N2L 3G1, ONTARIO, CANADA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 919 EP 921 DI 10.1007/BF00037073 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GK492 UT WOS:A1991GK49200029 PM 1912505 ER PT J AU CORNISH, K RADIN, JW TURCOTTE, EL LU, ZM ZEIGER, E AF CORNISH, K RADIN, JW TURCOTTE, EL LU, ZM ZEIGER, E TI ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE OF PIMA COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L) BRED FOR INCREASED YIELD SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; LEAVES; PLANTS; CARBON; CAPACITY AB Yield of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) has tripled over the last 40 years with the development of new cultivars. Six genetic lines representing successive stages in the breeding process (one primitive noncultivated accession, four cultivars with release dates from 1949 to 1983, and one unreleased breeding line) were grown in a greenhouse, and their gas exchange properties were compared. Among the cultivated types, genetic advances were closely associated with increasing single-leaf photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g(s)), especially in the morning. The A and g(s) of the primitive line approached those of the cultivated types early in the morning, but were much lower for the rest of the day. In both morning and afternoon, A was correlated with g(s) across genotypes but was not correlated with leaf thickness, concentrations of chlorophyll or starch, or intercellular CO2 concentration (c(i)). In the oldest cultivar, the relationship of A to c(i) did not change between morning and afternoon. In the two most recent lines, the slopes of the A:c(i) curves at limiting c(i) exceeded that of the oldest cultivar by 25 to 50% in the morning, but the differences were much smaller in the afternoon. The maximum A of the newer lines at high c(i) exceeded that of the oldest cultivar only in the morning. Breeding for increasing yield has enhanced the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance of Pima cotton and altered the diurnal regulation of photosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. PIMA COTTON BREEDING & GENET,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,BIOMED & ENVIRONM SCI LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NR 26 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 2 BP 484 EP 489 DI 10.1104/pp.97.2.484 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM057 UT WOS:A1991GM05700002 PM 16668424 ER PT J AU HOLDEN, MJ LUSTER, DG CHANEY, RL BUCKHOUT, TJ ROBINSON, C AF HOLDEN, MJ LUSTER, DG CHANEY, RL BUCKHOUT, TJ ROBINSON, C TI FE3+-CHELATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY OF PLASMA-MEMBRANES ISOLATED FROM TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL) ROOTS - COMPARISON OF ENZYMES FROM FE-DEFICIENT AND FE-SUFFICIENT ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON UPTAKE; FERRIC REDUCTION; H+-ATPASE; PLANTS; TRANSPORT; PROTEINS; VESICLES; BINDING; NADH AB Reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ is a prerequisite for Fe uptake by tomato roots. Ferric chelate reductase activity in plasma membranes (PM) isolated from roots of both iron-sufficient (+Fe) and iron-deficient (-Fe) tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was measured as NADH-dependent ferric citrate reductase and exhibited simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrates, NADH and Fe3+(citrate3-)2. NADH and Fe3+(citrate3-)2 K(m) values for reductase in PM from +Fe and -Fe tomato roots were similar, whereas V(max) values were two- to threefold higher for reductase from -Fe tomatoes. The pH optimum for Fe-chelate reductase was 6.5. Fe-chelate reductases from -Fe and +Fe tomato roots were equally sensitive to several triazine dyes. Reductase was solubilized with n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and electrophoresed in nondenaturing isoelectric focusing gels. Three bands, with isoelectric points of 5.5 to 6.2, were resolved by enzyme activity staining of electrofocused PM proteins isolated from +Fe and -Fe tomato roots. Activity staining was particularly enhanced in the isoelectric point 5.5 and 6.2 bands solubilized from -Fe PM. We conclude that PM from roots of +Fe and -Fe plants contain Fe-chelate reductases with similar characteristics. The response to iron deficiency stress likely involves increased expression of constitutive Fe-chelate reductase isoforms in expanding epidermal root PM. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH BIOL,DEPT PFLANZENPHYSIOL,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. EDINBORO UNIV,DEPT BIOL & HLTH SCI,EDINBORO,PA. NR 26 TC 85 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 2 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1104/pp.97.2.537 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM057 UT WOS:A1991GM05700010 PM 16668432 ER PT J AU VANTOAI, TT BOLLES, CS AF VANTOAI, TT BOLLES, CS TI POSTANOXIC INJURY IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; RADICALS; CATALASE; STRESS AB The postanoxic injury, also known as reperfusion injury, is associated with the returning of anoxic tissues to normal atmosphere. Using tetrazolium chloride staining, ATP content, and seedling growth rate as indicators, we found that postanoxic injuries in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings were more severe after 1 and 2 hours of anoxia than after longer anoxic durations (3 to 5 hours). Anaerobic incubation of root tips in the presence of 100 mM ascorbate, an antioxidant and free radical-scavenging compound, alleviated the postanoxic injury associated with the short durations of anoxia. Extracts from soybean seedling roots returned to air from 1 hour of anoxia had an elevated capacity to produce superoxide radicals over extracts from postanoxic roots stressed for 3 or 5 hours. Activity of superoxide dismutase in soybean roots returned to air from 1 and 2 hours of anoxia was 30 to 50% lower than activities in roots returned to air from 5 hours of anoxia. Superoxide dismutase-specific transcripts were also lower in postanoxic roots stressed for 1 hour than in roots stressed for longer anoxic durations. The evidence suggested that the postanoxic injury of soybean roots after a short anoxic stress was associated with an increased superoxide radicals production capacity coupled with a reduced superoxide dismutase activity. Periods of anoxia of at least 3 hours were necessary for soybean seedlings to develop the ability to cope with postanoxic stress. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT RENAL DIS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP VANTOAI, TT (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 2 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1104/pp.97.2.588 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM057 UT WOS:A1991GM05700017 PM 16668439 ER PT J AU HWANG, SY VANTOAI, TT AF HWANG, SY VANTOAI, TT TI ABSCISIC-ACID INDUCES ANAEROBIOSIS TOLERANCE IN CORN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; WATER-STRESS; ZEA-MAYS; MAIZE; ROOTS; PLANTS; ANOXIA; NULL; ABA AB Flooding is a frequently occurring environmental stress that can severely affect plant growth. This study shows that treatment of corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings with abscisic acid (ABA) increases their tolerance to anoxia 10-fold over untreated seedlings and twofold over seedlings treated with water. Corn seedlings stressed anoxically for 1 day showed only 8% survival when planted in vermiculite. Pretreatment of root tips with 100 micromolar ABA or water for 24 hours before the 1 day anoxic stress increased the anoxic survivability of seedlings to 87% and 47%, respectively. Cycloheximide (5 milligrams per liter), added together with ABA, reduced the seedling survival rate, indicating that the induction of anoxic tolerance in corn by ABA was partly a result of the synthesis of new proteins. ABA treatment induced a threefold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme activity in corn roots. However, after 24 h of anoxia, alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme activity between the ABA-pretreated and non-pretreated corn roots was not significantly different. The results indicated that ABA played an important role in inducing anoxic tolerance in corn and that the induced tolerance was probably mediated by an increase in alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme activity before the anoxic stress. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT RENAL DIS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 2 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1104/pp.97.2.593 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM057 UT WOS:A1991GM05700018 PM 16668440 ER PT J AU TURANO, FJ WILSON, BJ MATTHEWS, BF AF TURANO, FJ WILSON, BJ MATTHEWS, BF TI RAPID PURIFICATION AND THERMOSTABILITY OF THE CYTOPLASMIC ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE FROM CARROT SUSPENSION-CULTURES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA ROOT-NODULES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PIG-HEART; ISOENZYMES; CLONING; CHICKEN; PRECURSOR; LIVER; CDNA AB Several isoenzymic forms of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) have been identified in protein extracts from carrot (Daucus carota) cell suspension cultures. The cellular location of the major form (form I) of AAT in carrot suspension cultures was determined by heat inactivation, subcellular fractionation, and amino acid sequence analysis. In mammalian systems, there are two forms of AAT, a heat-stable cytoplasmic form and a heat-labile form in the mitochondria. The thermostability of three isoenzymes of carrot AAT was examined, and the results showed that form I was more thermostable than forms II or III. Organelles were separated in sucrose gradients by isopycnic centrifugation. Activity for form I was identified in the soluble fractions and not in fractions containing peroxisomes, proplastids, or mitochondria. Form I was purified to homogeneity and endoproteolytically cleaved, and the peptide fragments were separated by reverse phase chromatography. Analysis of the sequence data from two of the polypeptides showed that the amino acid identity of form I is more conserved to the animal cytoplasmic AAT than to animal mitochondrial AAT sequences. These data strongly suggest that form I of AAT from carrot is the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. Additionally, a rapid purification scheme for form I of AAT from carrot is presented using selective heat denaturation and anion-exchange chromatography. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 2 BP 606 EP 612 DI 10.1104/pp.97.2.606 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM057 UT WOS:A1991GM05700020 PM 16668442 ER PT J AU METZGER, JD DUSBABEK, K AF METZGER, JD DUSBABEK, K TI DETERMINATION OF THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING THERMOINDUCED STEM GROWTH IN THLASPI-ARVENSE L SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLINS; PHOTOPERIOD; ELONGATION; SPINACH; METABOLISM AB Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a species with a cold requirement for the initiation of reproductive development (thermoinduction). Work in this laboratory has been focused on elucidating the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the bolting or rapid stem elongation response that is an intricate part of reproductive development in this species. In the present paper the cellular basis for thermo-induced stem growth was determined. Evidence is presented indicating that bolting results from the production of new cells that elongate to their original length before thermoinduction. This increase in cell division occurs in the pith an cortex approximately 0.5 to 5.0 millimeters below the stem apex. For at least the early stages of thermo-induced stem growth, enhanced cell elongation does not appear to be a factor because average lengths of pith cells from stems of thermo-induced plants were similar or less than noninduced controls. In addition, both the amount of increase in the production of new pith cells and stem growth were positively correlated with the length of the cold treatment. Two other lines of evidence are presented corroborating previous assertions (JD Metzger [1985] Plant Physiol 78: 8-13) that gibberellins mediate thermo-induced stem growth in field pennycress. First, treatment of noninduced plants with gibberellin A3 completely mimicked the effects of a 4-week cold treatment on mitotic activity in the pith and cortex. Second, very little increase in the production of new cells was observed in the pith and cortex of thermo-induced plants of a gibberellin-deficient dwarf mutant of field pennycress. It is also shown that the influence of photoperiod on stem growth is mediated by an effect on the final length that cells ultimately attain. RP METZGER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 2 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1104/pp.97.2.630 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM057 UT WOS:A1991GM05700023 PM 16668445 ER PT J AU TYCZKOWSKI, JK HAMILTON, PB RUFF, MD AF TYCZKOWSKI, JK HAMILTON, PB RUFF, MD TI ALTERED METABOLISM OF CAROTENOIDS DURING PALE-BIRD SYNDROME IN CHICKENS INFECTED WITH EIMERIA-ACERVULINA SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; LUTEIN; MALABSORPTION; CAROTENOIDS; EXCRETION ID YOUNG BROILER-CHICKENS; OXYCAROTENOID PIGMENTS; LUTEIN; ABSORPTION; AFLATOXIN; TENELLA AB The progression of changes in carotenoid metabolism during pale-bird syndrome caused by a coccidial infection was investigated. Male broiler chickens 15 days of age on a yellow corn and soybean meal-based diet were infected with Eimeria acervulina oocysts and their serum, liver, and toe webs were sampled at 0, 4, 6, and 10 days postinfection for HPLC analysis of carotenoids. At 4 days postinfection a drastic reduction (71%) in serum lutein, the main body carotenoid, and smaller reductions in liver (58%) and toe webs (38%) occurred. Derivative forms of lutein, mainly esters, continued to be lost from tissues for 10 days postinfection. These carotenoids were apparently lost via the intestinal tract because birds placed on a white corn and soybean meal-based diet at time of infection had lutein in their jejunal contents even at 7 days postinfection. The loss of carotenoids from the body was accompanied by a decreasing ability to absorb canthaxanthin, a red carotenoid, from the intestinal contents. The absorption of canthaxanthin measured at 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days reached its low point of 1% of preinfection ability on Day 5 before a slow recovery commenced. Thus, the pale-bird syndrome caused by E. acervulina appeared to be the result of a loss of previously absorbed carotenoids coupled with drastic malabsorption of dietary carotenoids. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST ANIM PARASITOL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2074 EP 2081 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GG159 UT WOS:A1991GG15900008 PM 1956852 ER PT J AU SOLIS, MA AF SOLIS, MA TI REVISION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE NEW-WORLD GENUS ONEIDA HULST (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, EPIPASCHIINAE), DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND COMMENTS ON THE CODING OF SCALE COLOR CHARACTERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE ONEIDA; DASYVESICA; PYRALIDAE; PHYLOGENY AB The genus Oneida is revised, and five species are recognized: lunulalis Hulst (the type species); mejona Schaus; marmorata Schaus; luniferella Hulst; grisiella new species. Oneida diploa Dyar is designated a junior synonym of O. luniferella Hulst. Dasyvesica Solis, the sister group of Oneida, is described as a new genus. It includes several new combinations: D. nepomuca Schaus, D. lophotalis Hampson, and D. crinitalis Schaus. An estimated phylogeny of the species of Oneida is presented. The use of unpolarized scale color characters is discussed. RP SOLIS, MA (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 93 IS 4 BP 808 EP 827 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GU465 UT WOS:A1991GU46500002 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DC AF FERGUSON, DC TI THE IDENTITY OF ARCTIA-OBLITERATA STRETCH (LEPIDOPTERA, ARCTIIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE GRAMMIA; HOLARCTIC DISTRIBUTION; TAXONOMY AB The type specimen of Arctia obliterata Stretch, 1885, was long misidentified as a form of Grammia ornata (Packard), and the name considered a junior synonym of ornata. Recent examination of the type shows that obliterata refers to the same species as Grammia turbans (Christoph, 1892), described from Siberia but known also from western North America. The name turbans Christoph must therefore be regarded as a junior subjective synonym of obliterata Stretch. No differences were found to distinguish Siberian from North American specimens of obliterata, and the origin of the type could not be determined. RP FERGUSON, DC (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 93 IS 4 BP 828 EP 833 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GU465 UT WOS:A1991GU46500003 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE CORDO, HA GANDOLFO, D AF BOLDT, PE CORDO, HA GANDOLFO, D TI LIFE-HISTORY OF STOLAS (ANACASSIS) FUSCATA (KLUG) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON SEEPWILLOW, BACCHARIS-SALICIFOLIA (R-AND-P) PERS (ASTERACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; STOLAS (ANACASSIS) FUSCATA; ASTERACEAE; BACCHARIS; SEEPWILLOW; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; LIFE-HISTORY AB The leaf-feeding chrysomelid Stolas (Anacassis) fuscata (Klug) is a dominant herbivore of the woody shrub seepwillow, Baccharis salicifolia in central and northern Argentina. In Buenos Aires Province, it also occurs on Baccharis punctulata DC. The life history of this leaf-feeder was studied in the field in Argentina and in the laboratory in the United States. In central Argentina, there were three generations per year. Eggs were deposited in clusters about 1.2 m above the ground on the uppersides of leaves. There were 8 to 55 eggs per cluster of which 90% hatched in seven days. Eggs were held together with a viscous-like secretion that dries on exposure to air. In the laboratory, development from egg to adult eclosion took 36 to 46 days. Five larval instars developed in 27 days and consumed 79.6 cm2 of leaf material. Pupation occurred on the plant and adults emerged in 6.6 days. Females laid an average of 1614 eggs, lived an average of 27 weeks, and consumed 221 cm2 of leaf. The eulophid Emersonella saturata De Santis (or near) was reared from eggs of S. fuscata and the tachinid Eucelatoriopsis parkeri Sabrosky was reared from larvae, pupae, and adults. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 93 IS 4 BP 839 EP 844 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GU465 UT WOS:A1991GU46500005 ER PT J AU GORDON, RD VANDENBERG, N AF GORDON, RD VANDENBERG, N TI FIELD GUIDE TO RECENTLY INTRODUCED SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA) IN NORTH-AMERICA, WITH A REVISED KEY TO NORTH-AMERICAN GENERA OF COCCINELLINI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE PREDACEOUS COCCINELLIDAE; INTRODUCED SPECIES; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; KEY TO GENERA OF COCCINELLINI AB Six species of predaceous Coccinellidae are being released for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in North America. The following 3 species are now established: Hippodamia (Adonia) variegata (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), and Coccinella septempunctata L. Hippodamia (Semiadalia) undecimnotata (Schneider), Oenopia conglobata (L.), and Scymnus frontalis (F.) are not known to be established. Two additional species of predaceous Coccinellidae are recent adventive additions to the North American fauna, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Georgia, and Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontopiddian) in New Jersey and New York. The key to North American genera of Coccinellini is revised. RP GORDON, RD (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA,ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 93 IS 4 BP 845 EP 864 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GU465 UT WOS:A1991GU46500006 ER PT J AU SCHAUFF, ME AF SCHAUFF, ME TI CHALCID CORNER - AN INTERACTIVE IDENTIFICATION APPLICATION FOR THE FAMILIES OF NORTH-AMERICAN CHALCIDOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB An interactive identification software application has been written to assist non-experts in the identification of the families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of North America. This program allows the incorporation of embedded graphics, sound, visual effects, and other features not possible with conventional hard-copy publications. The program allows the user to choose from a list of alternative questions about chalcids and then proceed through a series of screens to make identifications, confirm tentative identifications, review biological and taxonomic information on a particular family, or review information on the superfamily as a whole. RP SCHAUFF, ME (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,PSI,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 93 IS 4 BP 962 EP 965 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GU465 UT WOS:A1991GU46500020 ER PT J AU ELSASSER, TH CAPERNA, TJ FAYER, R AF ELSASSER, TH CAPERNA, TJ FAYER, R TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA AFFECTS GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION BY A DIRECT PITUITARY INTERACTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID (GH)-RELEASING FACTOR; FACTOR CACHECTIN; GH SECRETION; BINDING; INTERLEUKIN-1; RELEASE; PLASMA; CALVES; CELLS; RATS AB Administration of 50, 250, and 1,250 ng/kg iv of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (RBTNF) did not affect basal plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone in male calves. However, when administered 30 min before challenge with 1-mu-g/kg iv of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 250 ng/kg of RBTNF increased the subsequent incremental GH response. At 1,250 ng/kg of RBTNF, GH response to TRH was significantly blunted. For each dose of RBTNF administered, the incremental change in plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone following TRH was not significantly different from control. To examine direct effects of RBTNF on pituitary function, fresh bovine pituitaries were sliced into 1-mm cubes and incubated with 0 or 10(-8), 10(-9), or 10(-10) M RBTNF. Additional cultures were treated with 10(-8) or 10(-9) M GH-releasing factor or 10(-8) M TRH and 0 or 10(-8) M RBTNF. Media GH increased in cultures with 10(-10) M RBTNF and declined linearly as RBTNF concentration increased. RBTNF blocked GH release from GH-releasing factor- and TRH-challenged pituitary slices. Membranes prepared from homogenized bovine pituitaries had specific saturable binding characteristics for monomeric I-125-RBTNF. Membranes treated with 4 M MgCl2 for 10 min and washed free of Mg2+ produced Scatchard plots fit to a two-site model (high affinity site K(d) = 6.6 nM), while Scatchards of non-Mg2+-treated membranes fit a single site (K(d) = 8.9 nM). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of I-125-RBTNF cross-linked pituitary membranes showed specific binding of monomeric I-125-RBTNF to protein components ranging in molecular weight from 19,000 to 77,000. The data suggest that RBTNF has modulatory effects on the regulation of GH secretion acting directly at the pituitary through specific receptors. RP ELSASSER, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BLDG 200,ROOM 120,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 198 IS 1 BP 547 EP 554 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF685 UT WOS:A1991GF68500006 PM 1653958 ER PT J AU AUGUSTINE, PC AF AUGUSTINE, PC TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY PRODUCED AGAINST PARTIALLY PURIFIED SPOROZOITE ANTIGEN INHIBITS INVASION OF CELLS BY SPOROZOITES OF AVIAN EIMERIA SPECIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Previous studies showed that molecules of in vitro-cultured primary turkey kidney cells bound to 23-, 40-, and 60- to 65-kDa antigens of sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized sporozoites of Eimeria adenoeides. Similar binding to antigens of three other species of avian Eimeria, E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. meleagrimitis, is now reported. Strips containing the most avidly bound sporozoite antigen (approximately 40 kDa) were excised from the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels on which E. adenoeides antigens had been electrophoretically separated. The strips were homogenized and injected into mice to produce hybridoma cell lines. Twelve cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAb) that reacted with E. adenoeides sporozoites were detected. One of these McAb, H11C3, reacted with structures in the anterior tip of sporozoites of E. adenoeides and five other species of avian Eimeria. When included in the inoculation medium, this McAb significantly inhibited invasion of cultured kidney cells by sporozoites of E. adenoeides and E. tenella. In contrast, when the sporozoites were pretreated with McAb H11C3 and then washed free of the antibody, no inhibition of invasion was observed. RP AUGUSTINE, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PDL,BLDG 1040,ROOM 102,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 198 IS 1 BP 606 EP 611 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF685 UT WOS:A1991GF68500015 PM 1909794 ER PT J AU BARB, CR KRAELING, RR BARRETT, JB RAMPACEK, GB CAMPBELL, RM MOWLES, TF AF BARB, CR KRAELING, RR BARRETT, JB RAMPACEK, GB CAMPBELL, RM MOWLES, TF TI SERUM GLUCOSE AND FREE FATTY-ACIDS MODULATE GROWTH-HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION IN THE PIG SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED GH SECRETION; ENDOCRINE CHANGES; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; LH-SECRETION; PITUITARY; PROLACTIN; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM; INHIBITION; RELEASE AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose treatment on growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone secretion in the pig. In Experiment (Exp) 1, 15 prepuberal gilts received an intravenous infusion of FFA (n = 5; 3 ml of 10% Liposyn II/kg), glucose (n = 5; 1 g/kg), or saline (n = 5; 3 ml of 0.9%/kg). Jugular blood samples were collected every 15 min for 2 hr before and 3 hr after intravenous infusion of saline, FFA, and glucose. Synthetic [Ala15]-h growth hormone-releasing factor-(1-29)NH2 (1-mu-g/kg) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (0.2-mu-g/kg) were administered 30 min after infusion (Time 0 = infusion). In Exp 2, eight prepuberal gilts received either FFA (n = 4) or saline (n = 4) as described in Exp 1, except that treatments were given every hour over a 10-hr period. Blood samples were collected every 15 min from 1 hr before to 10 hr after the start of FFA or saline infusion. In Exp 1, the peak GH response to growth hormone-releasing factor was delayed by 45 min (P < 0.01) by glucose treatment and suppressed (P < 0.01) by FFA treatment. The luteinizing hormone response to gonadotroph-releasing hormone was suppressed (P < 0.03) by glucose and enhanced (P < 0.03) by FFA. In Exp 2, the number of GH pulses was increased (P < 0.05) by FFA infusion and GH concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.58, P < 0.0003) with FFA concentrations, while luteinizing hormone pulse amplitude was greater (P < 0.01) in FFA gilts than in saline gilts. These results indicate that FFA are more effective modulators of GH secretion than acute hyperglycemia, while metabolic status can alter pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,POB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 198 IS 1 BP 636 EP 642 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF685 UT WOS:A1991GF68500020 PM 1891475 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK NACHMAN, RJ DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK NACHMAN, RJ DELOOF, A TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF LOCUSTAMYOINHIBITING PEPTIDE (LOM-MIP), A NOVEL BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE NEUROPEPTIDE FROM LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE MYOINHIBITION; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; HINDGUT; OVIDUCT; ADIPOKINETIC HORMONE; APGWAMIDE ID VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; COCKROACH; HOMOLOGY AB A novel peptide termed locustamyoinhibiting peptide (LOM-MIP) was isolated from brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-suboesophageal ganglion extracts of the locust, Locusta migratoria. The primary structure of this nonapeptide has been determined Ala-Trp-Gln-Asp-Leu-Asn-Ala-Gly-Trp-NH2. LOM-MIP suppresses the spontaneous contractions of the hindgut and oviduct of Locusta migratoria and of the hindgut of Leucophaea maderae. This novel peptide is, however, structurally different from leucomyosuppressin, a hindgut suppressing peptide isolated from Leucophaea maderae heads. LOM-MIP has a Gly-TrpNH2 carboxy-terminal in common with APGWamide, a penis retractor muscle inhibiting peptide isolated from the snail, Lymnea stagnalis. In addition, it shows carboxy-terminal sequence similarities with locust AKH II which ends in AGWamide. No sequence similarities were found with other vertebrate or invertebrate peptides. Synthetic LOM-MIP showed biological as well as chemical characteristics indistinguishable from those of native LOM-MIP. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,INVERTEBRATE NEUROENDOCRINE RES LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSEST 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 19 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(91)90199-Q PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA GL673 UT WOS:A1991GL67300009 PM 1796179 ER PT J AU MORRA, MJ BLANK, RR FREEBORN, LL SHAFII, B AF MORRA, MJ BLANK, RR FREEBORN, LL SHAFII, B TI SIZE FRACTIONATION OF SOIL ORGANO-MINERAL COMPLEXES USING ULTRASONIC DISPERSION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATTER; CARBON; VIBRATION; NITROGEN AB Potential artifacts created by soil fractionation procedures are frequently ignored when studying the interaction of natural and synthetic organic compounds with clay-sized materials. Ultrasonic dispersion treatments of 0-7.66 kJ applied to soil in water were used in combination with centrifugation and sedimentation techniques to obtain sand, silt, coarse clay, and medium clay fractions from soils with 19.2 to 44.2 g organic C kg-1 soil. No more than 1.37 kJ of sonication energy was needed for maximum yields of silt-sized materials, whereas sand yields decreased monotonically and clay yields increased at a decreasing rate with energy inputs up to 7.66 kJ. Coulter counter analysis of silt-sized fractions showed that no redistribution in particle-size occurred within this fraction with increased sonication energy. Changes in total C and N concentrations in the silt-sized fractions showed no consistent trends with increased sonication energy. Total C and N concentrations increased in the coarse clay-sized fractions and decreased in the medium clay-sized fractions with a greater input of sonication energy. Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared analysis did not reveal any qualitative changes in the coarse clay fractions, although changes in the medium clay fractions of the two soils highest in organic C occurred when energy was increased from 0.84 to 2.94 kJ. We conclude that excessive sonication energies may cause undesirable artifacts, especially in the medium clay-sized fraction. It is suggested that a standard sonication procedure to obtain adequate particle size yields and limit artifacts in the fractionated organo-mineral complexes include the application of no more than 3-5 kJ of energy to 10 g soil in 50 mL of water. C1 USDA ARS,LANDSCAPE ECOL RANGELANDS UNIT,RENO,NV 89512. UNIV IDAHO,COLL AGR,STAT PROGRAMS,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP MORRA, MJ (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT SOIL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Morra, Matthew/B-1723-2008 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 152 IS 4 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1097/00010694-199110000-00008 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GM491 UT WOS:A1991GM49100008 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, S FORSTER, HS AF GOLDBERG, S FORSTER, HS TI BORON SORPTION ON CALCAREOUS SOILS AND REFERENCE CALCITES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANION SORPTION; ADSORPTION; MINERALS AB Boron sorption on two calcareous soils, one noncalcareous soil, and two reference calcites was investigated in batch systems both as a function of solution pH (5.5-12) and as a function of initial B concentration (1-250 g B m-3). Boron sorption was investigated on untreated soil samples, and soil samples treated with dilute acid to remove soil calcite. Boron sorption on the soil samples increased from pH 5.5 to 9, exhibited a peak near pH 9.5, and decreased from pH 10 to 11.5. Boron sorption on the two reference calcites exhibited an adsorption envelope with maximum sorption occurring near pH 9.5. The magnitude of the B adsorption maximum was significantly lower for the soil samples treated for calcite removal than for the untreated soil samples. This result indicates that calcite plays an important role in B sorption by calcareous soils. Boron sorption as a function of equilibrium B concentration could be described by both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms over the entire concentration range studied on all materials. Goodness of fit of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation was much improved over linear transformations by using the program ISOTHERM with its nonlinear least squares optimization routine. RP GOLDBERG, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 152 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1097/00010694-199110000-00009 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GM491 UT WOS:A1991GM49100009 ER PT J AU WASSERMAN, BP TIMPA, JD AF WASSERMAN, BP TIMPA, JD TI RAPID QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF EXTRUSION-INDUCED STARCH FRAGMENTATION BY AUTOMATED GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR MODIFICATIONS; SCREW EXTRUSION; WHEAT-STARCH; COOKING AB Gel permeation chromatography with application of the universal calibration concept was found to be a rapid and effective method for quantification of extrusion-induced starch fragmentation. This method (Timpa, J.D., J. Agr. Food Chem. 39 (1991), 270-275) employs dimethyl acetamide (DMAC) with lithium chloride to solubilize samples and automated gel permeation chromatography for fractionation. Instrumentation was equipped with a viscometer and refractometer. data was interpreted by application of the universal calibration concept. These results confirm that the largest starch molecules in corn meal (10(7) to 10(8) Daltons) were slightly prone to fragmentation. Fragments produced were primarily in the weight range of 10(4)-10(7) Daltons. In addition, some smaller fragments (ranging between 5,000 and 7,500) were also generated by extrusion. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP WASSERMAN, BP (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,NEW JERSEY AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD OCT PY 1991 VL 43 IS 10 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1002/star.19910431005 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GQ840 UT WOS:A1991GQ84000004 ER PT J AU ACREE, JA ECHTERNKAMP, SE KAPPES, SM LUEDKE, AJ HOLBROOK, FR PEARSON, JE ROSS, GS AF ACREE, JA ECHTERNKAMP, SE KAPPES, SM LUEDKE, AJ HOLBROOK, FR PEARSON, JE ROSS, GS TI FAILURE OF EMBRYOS FROM BLUETONGUE INFECTED CATTLE TO TRANSMIT VIRUS TO SUSCEPTIBLE RECIPIENTS OR THEIR OFFSPRING SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE; BOVINE; EMBRYO TRANSFER; VIRUS TRANSMISSION ID CONTROLLING VIRAL-INFECTIONS; BOVINE EMBRYOS; EXPOSURE AB Sixty heifers were infected with bluetongue virus (BTV) by the bites of the vector and by inoculation with insect origin virus. During the acute and convalescent stages of the infection, embryos were collected nonsurgically from these animals and washed according to the recommendations of the International Embryo Transfer Society (1). No BTV was isolated from 77 of these embryos when they were inoculated onto cell culture and into embryonating chicken eggs. There was no evidence of lateral BTV transmission when 231 of these embryos were transferred into susceptible recipients, nor was there evidence of vertical BTV transmission to the 88 calves resulting from these transfers. Another six donors that were assumed to have recovered from a natural infection of BTV, were added to the study to increase the probability of obtaining embryos from a persistently infected BTV carrier. However, it was determined later that these animals had not been infected with BTV but with the closely-related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Embryos were collected from these donors and washed as above. Neither BTV nor EHDV was isolated from 26 of these embryos by the inoculation of cell culture and embryonating chicken eggs. There was no evidence of lateral BTV or EHDV transmission to recipients of 15 of these embryos or of vertical BTV or EHDV transmission to the resulting 7 calves. However, two recipients of embryos from one of these donors developed antibodies to BTV 6 to 9 months after transfer. Passive antibodies to BTV were also detected in their calves. There is good evidence that these two recipients acquired BTV from natural exposure to infected insect vectors and not from the transferred embryos. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP ACREE, JA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS POLICY & PROGRAM DEV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 36 IS 4 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(91)90406-4 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA GH895 UT WOS:A1991GH89500015 PM 16727038 ER PT J AU HINCKS, JR KIM, HY SEGALL, HJ MOLYNEUX, RJ STERMITZ, FR COULOMBE, RA AF HINCKS, JR KIM, HY SEGALL, HJ MOLYNEUX, RJ STERMITZ, FR COULOMBE, RA TI DNA CROSS-LINKING IN MAMMALIAN-CELLS BY PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS - STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW ALKALINE ELUTION; RAT-LIVER; N-OXIDE; GENOTOXICITY; HEPATOCYTES; DEHYDRORETRONECINE; MONOCROTALINE; MUTAGENICITY; SENECIONINE; INTERSTRAND C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,PROGRAMS TOXICOL & MOLEC BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RI Coulombe, Roger/G-7523-2012 NR 40 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 111 IS 1 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90137-4 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GN684 UT WOS:A1991GN68400010 PM 1949039 ER PT J AU RINNE, JN LAFAYETTE, RA AF RINNE, JN LAFAYETTE, RA TI SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN-STREAM ECOSYSTEMS - RESEARCH DESIGN, COMPLEXITY, AND OPPORTUNITY SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE FISHERIES; RESEARCH DESIGN; SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN-STREAM ECOSYSTEMS AB Two basic approaches to research design in riparian areas - intrastream and interstream - and their merits are evaluated based on physical, chemical and biological data from streams in central Arizona and northern New Mexico. Interaction between research and management personnel must be constant and close to identify research opportunity. Such a partnership operating within the framework of daily forest land management activity will be effective in generating valid, defendable, and applicable information for future management of forest lands. Conducting viable research on the effects of the combination of natural- and land management-induced factors on stream environments and biota in southwestern National Forests is complex. Factors contributing to complexity are: (1) interactions of multiple land uses, (2) spatial-temporal relationships, (3) inability to establish a frame of reference, (4) inability to replicate study areas, (5) jurisdiction in habitat and species management, and (6) frequent changes in land management objectives and direction. Combined, these factors render it difficult to effectively study land management impacts on riparian ecosystems. RP RINNE, JN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,RES WORK UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 1991 IS RM-299 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HG971 UT WOS:A1991HG97100001 ER PT J AU FISHER, WF PRUETT, JH HOWARD, VM SCHOLL, PJ AF FISHER, WF PRUETT, JH HOWARD, VM SCHOLL, PJ TI ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES IN VACCINATED AND HYPODERMA-LINEATUM-INFESTED CALVES SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KINETIC DEVELOPMENT; CATTLE; OESTRIDAE; DIPTERA; ANTIBODY; PROTEINS; SERUM AB Cattle infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) develop specific humoral antibodies and a cellular immune reaction, defined by delayed-type hypersensitivity, to purified H. lineatum proteins. This investigation was designed to study the antigen-specific bovine lymphocyte response to hypodermin A (HyA), a serine protease of larval first-instar H. lineatum. Calves were vaccinated with either native or denatured HyA, and challenge-infested with H. lineatum. The kinetic development of a cellular immune response to HyA was monitored during vaccination and infestation. The HyA-specific responses were highly variable and weak during vaccination and infestation. Although HyA-specific lymphocyte blastogenic responses were observed, no correlation was noted between the magnitude of antigen-specific, peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and larval mortality. In striking contrast to responses observed during infestation, intense HyA-specific lymphocyte responses were observed with 3 calves 6 months after recovery from infestation. In addition, those responses were further heightened by a 250-mu-g booster injection of pure HyA. RP FISHER, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,POB 232,KERRVILLE,TX 79028, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(91)90090-I PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA GP811 UT WOS:A1991GP81100013 PM 1763482 ER PT J AU URI, ND AF URI, ND TI WATER-QUALITY, TREND DETECTION, AND CAUSALITY SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; TESTS; LAKE AB This paper begins by discussing the detection of a trend in water quality time series. Using the method of Box and Jenkins, an example of trend identification in sediment loading in the Iowa River is presented. Subsequent to the identification of a trend, an approach is suggested whereby the factors giving rise to the trend can be detected. For the example being considered, it is indicated that the cropping practices in the watershed have a significant impact on the detected trend. Thus, each 1% increase in the area of corn and soybeans planted results in about a 0.42% increase in sediment loading. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,RTD,ERS,ROOM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1007/BF00211836 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA GP466 UT WOS:A1991GP46600007 ER PT J AU LEIJ, FJ SKAGGS, TH VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF LEIJ, FJ SKAGGS, TH VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN 3-DIMENSIONAL SEMI-INFINITE POROUS-MEDIA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MASS-TRANSPORT; DISPERSION; CHEMICALS AB This paper presents several analytical solutions for three-dimensional solute transport in semi-infinite porous media with unidirectional flow using first-type (or concentration) and third-type (or flux) boundary conditions at the inlet location of the medium. The solutions may be used for predicting solute concentrations in homogeneous media, verification of more comprehensive numerical models, and laboratory or field determination of solute transport parameters. The transport equation incorporates terms accounting for advection, dispersion, zero-order production, and first-order decay. General solutions were derived for an arbitrary initial distribution and solute input with the help of Laplace, Fourier, and Hankel transforms. Specific solutions are presented for rectangular and circular solute inflow regions, as well as for solutes initially present in the form of parallelepipedal or cylindrical regions of the medium. The solutions were mathematically verified against simplified analytical solutions. Examples of concentration profiles are presented for several solute transport parameters using both first- and third-type boundary conditions. A mass balance constraints is defined based on a prescribed solute influx; the third-type condition is shown to conserve mass whereas the first-type condition was found to always overestimate resident solute concentrations in the medium. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP LEIJ, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALINITY LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2719 EP 2733 DI 10.1029/91WR01912 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA GJ136 UT WOS:A1991GJ13600020 ER PT J AU KEELEY, PE THULLEN, RJ AF KEELEY, PE THULLEN, RJ TI GROWTH AND INTERACTION OF BERMUDAGRASS (CYNODON-DACTYLON) WITH COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BERMUDAGRASS, CYNODON-DACTYLON (L) PERS =3 CYNDA; COTTON, GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L ACALA-SJ-2; FLUAZIFOP, (-/+)-2-[4-[[5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-2-PYRIDINYL]OXY]PHENOXY]PROPANOIC ACID; WEED SEED AND RHIZOME PRODUCTION; COTTON GRADES; WEED COMPETITION; CYNDA; COTTON YIELD AB Several weed-free and bermudagrass competition periods were established and maintained in cotton to evaluate their influence on cotton yields and reproduction of bermudagrass. Cotton sprayed with fluazifop for bermudagrass control 4 or 8 weeks after emergence yielded 93 and 90% as much as weed-free cotton. This compared to losses of 16 and 26% when bermudagrass was permitted to compete with cotton for 12 and 25 weeks, respectively. Cotton handweeded for 8 to 12 weeks yielded the same as weed-free cotton and 9% more than cotton weed free for only 4 weeks. Bermudagrass seed production was prevented and rhizome production was negligible when weed competition did not exceed 8 weeks and weed-free periods exceeded 4 weeks. Bermudagrass produced significant amounts of seeds (45 to 88% of weedy checks) and rhizomes (9 to 31% of weedy checks) in plots weed free for 4 weeks and in plots where control was delayed for 12 weeks. Cotton grades were reduced because the cotton lint was contaminated with grass in plots weed free for only 4 weeks, and in plots where bermudagrass competed for 25 weeks. RP KEELEY, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 570 EP 574 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HA612 UT WOS:A1991HA61200009 ER PT J AU EGLEY, GH WILLIAMS, RD AF EGLEY, GH WILLIAMS, RD TI EMERGENCE PERIODICITY OF 6 SUMMER ANNUAL WEED SPECIES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GLYPHOSATE, N-(PHOSPHONOMETHYL)GLYCINE; COMMON PURSLANE, PORTULACA-OLERACEA L =3 POROL; HEMP SESBANIA, SESBANIA-EXALTATA (RAF) RYDB EX AW HILL = SEBEX; HORSE PURSLANE, TRIANTHEMA-PORTULACASTRUM L = TRTPO; PRICKLY SIDA, SIDA-SPINOSA L = SIDSP; SPURRED ANODA, ANODA-CRISTATA (L) SCHLECHT = ANVCR; VELVETLEAF, ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI MEDIK = ABUTH; RAINFALL; SEED GERMINATION; SOIL TEMPERATURE; WEED EMERGENCE; WEED PERIODICITY; ABUTH; ANVCR; POROL; SEBEX; SIDSP; TRTPO ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; SOIL; CULTIVATION; SEEDS; TIME; RAINFALL; BURIAL AB Emergence periodicity of common purslane, hemp sesbania, horse purslane, prickly sida, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf was determined from March to October during 5 yr at Stoneville, MS, in the absence of reseeding. In early March of each year prior to emergence determinations, plots were not tilled or tilled to depths of 0, 5, 10, or 15 cm. Yearly emergence periodicity of the six weed species was not affected by tillage. In each year, weeds of all species emerged in identifiable flushes and very few emerged at other times during the growing season. Velvetleaf emerged mainly during the early growing season from March through May. Peak periods of emergence for the other species varied slightly over the 5 yr, but conformed generally to the early or the midseason peak period (June, July, and August) or both. In most years, common purslane, horse purslane, hemp sesbania, prickly sida, and spurred anoda emerged during the midseason period. Annual patterns of temperature fluctuations were similar during the 5 yr, but relatively warm soil temperatures during the early growing season of 1977 may have caused earlier emergence of velvetleaf, prickly sida, and hemp sesbania. Weekly water balance (rainfall minus open-pan evaporation) varied during March through May of each year but was negative during each June, July, and August. Apparently the main effect of a positive water balance during most of the year was to cause merger of the early and midseason peak emergence periods in 1979. Early and midseason emergence peaks were possibly due to different populations of seeds able to germinate in cooler soil temperatures of the early season and warmer soil temperatures of the midseason, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP EGLEY, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 595 EP 600 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HA612 UT WOS:A1991HA61200013 ER PT J AU PENNINGTON, KL HARPER, SS KOSKINEN, WC AF PENNINGTON, KL HARPER, SS KOSKINEN, WC TI INTERACTIONS OF HERBICIDES WITH WATER-SOLUBLE SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROMACIL, 5-BROMO-6-METHYL-3-(1-METHYL-PROPYL)-2,4(1H,3H)PYRIMIDINEDIONE; ALACHLOR, 2-CHLORO-N-(2,6-DIETHYLPHENYL)-N-(METHOXYMETHYL)-ACETAMIDE; DIQUAT, 6,7-DIHYDRODIPYRIDO[1,2-ALPHA-2',1'-C] PYRAZINEDIIUM ION; PARAQUAT, 1,1'-DIMETHYL-4,4'-BIPYRIDINIUM ION; BROMACIL; METRIBUZIN; ALACHLOR; DIQUAT; PARAQUAT; GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; METRIBUZIN, 4-AMINO-6-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-3-(METHYLTHIO)-1,2,4-TRIAZINE-5(4H)-ONE ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; EQUILIBRIA; BINDING; DDT; SOLUBILITY; POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES; PARAQUAT AB Interactions of water-soluble soil organic matter (WSSOM) with the herbicides bromacil, metribuzin, alachlor, diquat, and paraquat were examined to determine if these interactions can improve predictions of herbicide leaching potential. A high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration column was used to separate WSSOM extracts from four mineral agricultural soils into fractions with approximate log molecular weights of 4.96 to 6.82. WSSOM fractions were predominantly anionic in nature with some hydrophobic character. The amount of paraquat bound by WSSOM ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 mmol g-1DOC-1 with K(DOC) (partition coefficient for dissolved organic carbon) values from 0.050 to 0.187 L kg-1. Diquat was bound at 0.9 to 1.5 mmol g-1DOC-1 by the extracts with K(DOC) values from 0.044 to 0.143 L kg-1. Bromacil, metribuzin, and alachlor did not bind to the extracts tested. WSSOM did not increase paraquat solubility in the presence of soil. Binding of these herbicides to WSSOM in the soils used in this study would not be a significant mechanism for increased mobility and groundwater contamination potential. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 667 EP 672 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HA612 UT WOS:A1991HA61200024 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK BOYETTE, CD HOAGLAND, RE VESONDER, RF AF ABBAS, HK BOYETTE, CD HOAGLAND, RE VESONDER, RF TI BIOHERBICIDAL POTENTIAL OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME AND ITS PHYTOTOXIN, FUMONISIN SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN, PROPANE-1,2,3-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID DIESTERS OF LONG CHAIN AMINOPENTALS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; JIMSONWEED, DATURA-STRAMONIUM L =3 DATST; BIOCONTROL; BIOHERBICIDE; BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL; MYCOHERBICIDE ID JIMSONWEED DATURA-STRAMONIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ALTERNARIA-CRASSA; MYCOTOXINS; FUNGI; WEEDS; SOIL AB An isolate of Fusarium moniliforme (Sheldon) (JW #1) was discovered on greenhouse-grown jimsonweed in Mississippi, U.S.A., in 1990. Applications of aqueous suspensions of spores/mycelia (> 1 X 10(7) propagules ml-1) grown on potato-dextrose agar to the potted soil in which 2- to 4-wk-old jimsonweed plants were grown caused local lesions or mosaic-like patterns on the leaves and inhibited growth. Application of lesser doses to the leaves only produced no visual effects. When the fungal suspensions were applied at higher dosages, (> 1 X 10(7) propagules ml-1) either by soil drench or subirrigation, symptoms such as local lesions or a mosaic-like pattern on the leaves appeared and plant growth was inhibited. When the fungus was grown on an autoclaved rice medium and the ground mixture applied to jimsonweed plants, the plants wilted within 24 h and died after 48 h. Crude and cell-free filtrates of the fungal-rice culture also killed 1- to 2- and 3- to 4-week-old plants after 24 to 72 h. A major toxin identified was fumonisin B1, isolated from fermented rice at 400-mu-g g-1. Fumonisin B1 applied in water at 2.5-mu-g 100-mu-l-1 to excised jimsonweed leaves caused the same symptomology (i.e., soft rot diffusing along leaf veins) within 24 h as the cell-free extract or the crude culture filtrates. Similar damage occurred to intact plants treated with crude or cell-free filtrates or purified aqueous fumonisin B1 solutions. C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 60604. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 673 EP 677 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HA612 UT WOS:A1991HA61200025 ER PT J AU BOYETTE, CD WEIDEMANN, GJ TEBEEST, DO QUIMBY, PC AF BOYETTE, CD WEIDEMANN, GJ TEBEEST, DO QUIMBY, PC TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF JIMSONWEED (DATURA-STRAMONIUM) WITH ALTERNARIA-CRASSA SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JIMSONWEED, DATURA-STRAMONIUM L =3 DATST; ALTERNARIA-CRASSA (SACC) RANDS; BIOHERBICIDE; MYCOHERBICIDE; DATST ID SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; BIOCONTROL AB In field experiments conducted from 1985 to 1987 in Mississippi and Arkansas, jimsonweed was successfully controlled with the fungus Alternaria crassa (Sacc.) Rands. Conidial applications of the fungus provided an average of 96% control in Mississippi, and 87% control in Arkansas. Mycelial formulations were less effective than conidial applications overall, but during periods of favorable environmental conditions, weed control provided by the mycelial formulations was similar to that provided by conidial preparations. These results indicate that Alternaria crassa has potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling jimsonweed. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP BOYETTE, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 678 EP 681 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HA612 UT WOS:A1991HA61200026 ER PT J AU HICKMAN, MV EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE RICHARDSON, AJ AF HICKMAN, MV EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE RICHARDSON, AJ TI AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING AND MAPPING DICAMBA INJURY PATTERNS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; VEGETATION INDEX; NEAR-INFRARED VIDEOGRAPHY; COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM AB Field trials were conducted to compare on-site visual evaluations with color-infrared photography (CIR), and near-infrared (NIR) videography (video) and hand-held radiometry (HHR) for detecting and mapping dicamba injury in cotton. CIR, video, and HHR detected 48%, 42% and 36%, respectively, of the injured crop area as defined by visual evaluation (injury ratings > 0 on a scale of 0 to 9). The remote techniques were unable to differentiate crop injury that did not involve the entire plant canopy. Reflectance measurements in the visible red (R) (630-690 nm) and NIR (760-900 nm) wavelengths were taken and used in herbicide dosage prediction equations. Predicted herbicide dosages were significantly, positively correlated (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) with physical measures of herbicide present. These studies suggest that remote detection and mapping of moderate and severe herbicide injury is possible. Further, NIR videography, with near-real-time capability and low cost may be the system of choice for this type of application. RP HICKMAN, MV (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,MWA DEPT BOT PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 700 EP 706 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HF524 UT WOS:A1991HF52400001 ER PT J AU KEELEY, PE THULLEN, RJ AF KEELEY, PE THULLEN, RJ TI BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF BLACK NIGHTSHADE (SOLANUM-NIGRUM) IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROMETRYN; COTTON YIELD; WEED SEEDLING POPULATIONS; WEED SEED POPULATIONS; HERBICIDE INCORPORATION; SOLNI AB A 4-yr study (1985, 1987, 1988, 1989) was conducted on the same field plots at Shafter, CA to evaluate the efficacy of prometryn in controlling black nightshade on planting beds of cotton. Two rates (1.7 and 2.2 kg ai ha-1) were applied at two times (mid March before the preplant irrigation and early April at cotton planting) each year. Incorporation of prometryn into moist planting beds with a powered rotary tiller operated at 10 cm deeper resulted in excellent control of black nightshade under low to moderate weed pressure in 1985 and 1987. Control of nightshade with early and late applications of 1.7 kg ha-1 of prometryn under high weed pressure in 1988 was only 70% at harvest, and yield losses of cotton averaged 25%. Yields of cotton treated with 2.2 kg ha-1 of prometryn in 1988 were not significantly different from weed-free plots. Only the late application of 2.2 kg ha-1 of prometryn prevented significant cotton losses under extreme weed pressure in 1989. Cotton yield losses with the other prometryn treatments ranged from 78 to 100%. Losses of cotton in weedy-check plots that received only cultivation ranged from 22% in the absence of rain or irrigation at cotton planting in 1987 to as much as 100% when rain fell in 1988 or plots were irrigated at planting in 1989. Plots hoed one time 4 wk after cotton planting yielded an average of 84% as much seed cotton as weed-free plots. In an attempt to determine why the efficacy of prometryn declined between 1985 and 1989, several experiments were conducted in 1988 to 1990 to discover reasons for this poor control of nightshade. Because efforts failed to provide evidence for the movement of the herbicide with water, the development of weed resistance to prometryn, or accelerated degradation of this herbicide in soil, increasing weed seed populations in soil were believed to have contributed greatly to the declining nightshade control from prometryn. The fact that prometryn applied and incorporated into flat soil provided excellent control of nightshade in 1990 under sprinkler irrigation indicated that both soil moisture and incorporation techniques limited activity of prometryn in planting beds in 1988 and 1989. Incomplete control of nightshade plus good soil moisture at planting contributed to the high weed populations in 1988 and 1989. RP KEELEY, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 713 EP 722 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HF524 UT WOS:A1991HF52400003 ER PT J AU MUELLERWARRANT, GW AF MUELLERWARRANT, GW TI ENHANCED ACTIVITY OF SINGLE-ISOMER FENOXAPROP ON COOL-SEASON GRASSES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GRASS SEED PRODUCTION; RACEMATE; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; POA-TRIVIALIS; FESAR; LOLPE; POATR AB Formulations of fenoxaprop enriched in the R(+) isomer, HOE 46360-08H EW (described as an emulsifiable water-based formulation) and HOE 46360-05H EC (emulsifiable concentrate), were compared with the commercial racemate EC for control of roughstalk bluegrass and tolerance of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue grown for seed. The enriched EW and EC formulations were more than twice as active as the racemate per kg total fenoxaprop, despite enrichment to only 92 and 89% R(+) isomer purity, which should have increased activity by 1.84- and 1.78-fold, respectively. Increased activity was evident both as improved weed control and as decreased crop tolerance. Although the 3.69-fold increase in activity of HOE 46360 EW on roughstalk bluegrass relative to the racemate may be partly due to changes in the emulsion, the 3.06-fold increase in activity of HOE 46360 EC suggests that the S(-) isomer somehow interferes with the activity of the R(+) isomer. Use of 280 g ai ha-1 of the racemate could be replaced with 76 g ha-1 of the EW or 92 g ha-1 of the EC formulation of HOE 46360 for equivalent roughstalk bluegrass control, but with decreased crop tolerance in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. RP MUELLERWARRANT, GW (reprint author), NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,USDA ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 826 EP 833 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HF524 UT WOS:A1991HF52400022 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM YOUNGQUIST, JA ROWELL, JS HYATT, JA AF ROWELL, RM YOUNGQUIST, JA ROWELL, JS HYATT, JA TI DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF ASPEN FIBERBOARD MADE FROM ACETYLATED FIBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASPEN; KETENE; ACETYLATION; FIBERBOARDS; WATER SWELLING; EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT; STRENGTH PROPERTIES ID FLAKES AB Aspen fiber was reacted with either ketene gas or liquid acetic anhydride to produce acetylated fiber. The fiber was formed into medium density fiberboard using phenolic resin. Boards made from acetylated fiber were smoother, more uniform in density, and slightly darker than boards made from control fiber. Acetylated boards swelled at a much lower rate and to a lesser extent in both liquid water and water vapor as compared to control boards. Boards made from ketene-reacted fiber were not as dimensionally stable as boards made from acetic-anhydride-reacted fiber. Increasing the amount of phenolic resin to produce the fiberboards increased the dimensional stability and strength of control boards but had little effect on acetylated boards. No statistical difference in moduli of elasticity or rupture was found between control and acetylated boards. C1 EASTMAN KODAK CO,EASTMAN CHEM DIV,KINGSPORT,TN 37662. RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 558 EP 566 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GM687 UT WOS:A1991GM68700009 ER PT J AU SHATTERS, RG MIERNYK, JA AF SHATTERS, RG MIERNYK, JA TI A ZEIN SIGNAL SEQUENCE FUNCTIONS AS A SIGNAL-ANCHOR WHEN FUSED TO MAIZE ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; CHIMERIC PROTEIN; PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION; SIGNAL SEQUENCE; SIGNAL ANCHOR; ZEIN ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; AMINO-ACIDS; INSERTION; SITE; TRANSLOCATION; PEPTIDE; SYSTEM; GLYCOSYLATION; ORIENTATION AB A chimeric gene, preZad, was constructed encoding a zein signal sequence fused precisely to the amino terminus of maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1. Translocation and processing of this chimeric preZad protein were assayed in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system supplemented with canine pancreatic microsomes. PreZad was cotranslationally translocated across the vesicular membranes. Unexpectedly, the signal sequence was not removed although a suitable cleavage site was preserved and presented within the vesicle lumen. Failure to cleave the signal sequence was apparently not due to the lack of a beta-turn near the processing site. When a beta-turn was introduced near the cleavage site through site-directed mutagenesis, no processing was observed. PreZad was not solubilized by alkaline treatment of the microsomes, indicating an integral membrane association. Resistance to proteolysis, in the absence of detergent, indicates that preZad is associated with the membranes in a type Il orientation (C-terminus in and N-terminus outside the vesicles). Analysis of truncated versions of preZad showed that it is the uncleaved signal sequence that functions as a signal-anchor. Changing the ratio of net charge flanking the signal sequence to < 1 (N-terminal:C-terminal) did not alter the type II membrane orientation, as would have been predicted by the 'positive-in rule'. Our results provide additional insight into the role of the passenger protein and signal sequence-flanking regions in recognition of a signal peptidase processing site, and the orientation of insertion of a signal-anchor sequence into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD SEP 30 PY 1991 VL 1068 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90208-P PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GL842 UT WOS:A1991GL84200010 PM 1716987 ER PT J AU GUENTHER, PM HUBERT, WA AF GUENTHER, PM HUBERT, WA TI FACTORS INFLUENCING DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS DURING WINTER IN SMALL WYOMING RESERVOIRS SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE DISSOLVED OXYGEN; RESERVOIR; WINTER; WYOMING RP GUENTHER, PM (reprint author), USDA,MED BOW NATL FOREST,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD SEP 30 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 3 BP 282 EP 285 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GK877 UT WOS:A1991GK87700011 ER PT J AU SCHULZ, TT LEININGER, WC AF SCHULZ, TT LEININGER, WC TI NONGAME WILDLIFE COMMUNITIES IN GRAZED AND UNGRAZED MONTANE RIPARIAN SITES SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE BIRDS; SMALL MAMMALS; WILSONS WARBLER; WESTERN JUMPING MOUSE; CATTLE GRAZING; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; COLORADO; RIPARIAN WILDLIFE RP SCHULZ, TT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD SEP 30 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 3 BP 286 EP 292 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GK877 UT WOS:A1991GK87700012 ER PT J AU BLAUSTEIN, AR OLSON, DH AF BLAUSTEIN, AR OLSON, DH TI DECLINING AMPHIBIANS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BLAUSTEIN, AR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 27 PY 1991 VL 253 IS 5027 BP 1467 EP 1467 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GG651 UT WOS:A1991GG65100002 ER PT J AU ZUERNER, RL AF ZUERNER, RL TI PHYSICAL MAP OF CHROMOSOMAL AND PLASMID DNA COMPRISING THE GENOME OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AGAROSE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; OPEN-CIRCULAR DNA; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SEPARATION; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE; PROBE AB The size and physical structure of the Leptospira interrogans genome was characterized using contour-clamped homogenous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis. The L. interrogans genome is approximately 4750 kb in size and is composed of two molecular species of DNA: a 4400 kb chromosome; and a 350 kb plasmid, pLIN1. A physical map of the chromosome was constructed with the restriction enzymes NotI and SfiI. A physical map of pLIN1 was constructed with ApaI, NotI, Sse8387I, SgrAI, and SmaI. Both the L. interrogans chromosome and pLIN1 are circular. RP ZUERNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD SEP 25 PY 1991 VL 19 IS 18 BP 4857 EP 4860 DI 10.1093/nar/19.18.4857 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GH660 UT WOS:A1991GH66000005 PM 1656379 ER PT J AU WANG, ZY PORTIS, AR AF WANG, ZY PORTIS, AR TI A FLUOROMETRIC STUDY WITH 1-ANILINONAPHTHALENE-8-SULFONIC ACID (ANS) OF THE INTERACTIONS OF ATP AND ADP WITH RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE 1-ANILINONAPHTHALENE-8-SULFONIC ACID; FLUOROMETRY; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING; ENZYME REGULATION; RUBISCO ACTIVASE ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CHLOROPLASTS; LEAVES AB The interactions of ATP and ADP with rubisco activase purified from spinach were investigated by measuring enhanced fluorescence due to ANS-binding to the protein. Evidence of conformational changes was observed from the differences in the interaction of ANS with rubisco activase in the presence of excess ATP and ADP. Fluorescent changes associated with the titration of a rubisco activase-ANS mixture with ATP and ADP indicated that the binding of ADP to rubisco activase was much tighter than that of ATP. The concentration of Mg2+ and pH had significant effects on the affinities of rubisco activase for ATP and ADP, with higher pH and Mg2+ concentration facilitating the binding of ATP to rubisco activase in the presence of ADP. The physiological implications of the binding characteristics of ATP and ADP with rubisco activase on the light-dark regulation of rubisco are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,190 PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL LAB,1201 W GREGORY AVE,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD SEP 20 PY 1991 VL 1079 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90067-A PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GK041 UT WOS:A1991GK04100003 PM 1911849 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND PROPAGULE PRODUCTION OF HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA GROWN FROM AXILLARY TURIONS OR SUBTERRANEAN TURIONS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC PLANT; HYDRILLA; AXILLARY TURION; SUBTERRANEAN TURION ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; TUBER SIZE; LF ROYLE; COMPETITION; POTOMAC AB Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle produces two types of vegetative propagules, subterranean turions and axillary turions. After 8 or 12 weeks growth under similar conditions, plants grown from subterranean turions weighed 1.7 to 2 times as much as plants grown from axillary turions. Subterranean turion-derived plants produced more propagules (by weight and number) per plant than plants from axillary turions. Characteristics of weight frequency distributions (median, minimum, maximum, and coefficient of variation) for new subterranean turions were also influenced by the type of propagule from which the parent plant was derived. The number of root crowns per plant which reflects the plant's ability to expand horizontally was significantly greater for subterranean turion-derived plants (by 2 times) than for plants from axillary turions. These results support the hypothesis that following colonization of an area the impact of Hydrilla on resident species changes over time. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 20 PY 1991 VL 222 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF00006103 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GQ287 UT WOS:A1991GQ28700008 ER PT J AU LATHAM, D AF LATHAM, D TI LIGHTNING FLASHES FROM A PRESCRIBED FIRE-INDUCED CLOUD SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID THUNDERSTORMS AB A prescribed fire was ignited near Chapleau, western Ontario, Canada, on the afternoon of August 10, 1989. The fire, covering approximately 400 ha, burned vigorously over a period of 3 hours, from 1400 to 1700 EDT, generating a plume cloud structure including a portion resembling an anvil. During the period 1500-1630, 21 ground flashes lowering positive charge from the plume cloud were observed simultaneously by an electric field mill near the fire and a lightning location system. Four negative flashes that occurred at the beginning of the time period were not recognized as ground flashes by the location system. These four flashes out of a total of 37 flashes exceeding 90 V/m at the electric field meter were the only flashes perceived as lowering negative charge; all the others lowered positive charge, whether recognized by the locating system as ground flashes or not. The median current of the positive flashes to ground as calculated from the location system output was 36 kA. Application of simple models of charge distribution to the plume structure indicate that the plume and associated cloud had a monopolar charge distribution, with positive charge at altitude and that the fire was most probably the source of this charge. A charge generation rate of 2 nC/m2/s by the fire could generate enough charge to satisfy the flash discharge rate and amount using the simplest model. The locations for the ground termini of the flashes are downwind of the fire location, some by as much as 30 km. They seem to be associated with the anvillike structure of the plume, although it is known that positive ground flashes commonly occur at considerable horizontal distances from their origin. There is no time organization to the distances of the termini from the fire. RP LATHAM, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB, POB 8089, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D9 BP 17151 EP 17157 DI 10.1029/91JD01808 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GH375 UT WOS:A1991GH37500003 ER PT J AU WATERHOUSE, AL CALUB, TM FRENCH, AD AF WATERHOUSE, AL CALUB, TM FRENCH, AD TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF FRUCTANS .3. CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF 1-KESTOSE BY MOLECULAR MECHANICS AND BY NMR-SPECTROSCOPY SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBILITY; PROTON; MM2 AB Models of the trisaccharide, 1-kestose [beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <--> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside], were analyzed with the molecular mechanics computer program MM2(87) to ascertain their inter-ring torsion angles, primary alcohol side-group orientations, and ring puckering. The most striking result was that the modeling predicted and n.m.r. spectroscopy corroborated that the central fructofuranose ring takes a different form from that previously observed in the crystal. No other studies of fructofuranoses have observed that crystallographic form, thus suggesting that the 18 hydrogen bonds created upon crystallization of 1-kestose support the ring deformation. Because this trisaccharide is too complex for a complete study of conformation space, only structures having inter-ring conformations that were at energetic valleys in previous studies of the constituent disaccharides were analyzed. The model of 1-kestose with lowest energy had inter-ring torsion angles that did not correspond to the global minima of the model disaccharides, although they were generally close to the linkage conformations observed in the crystal structure, differing by an average of 19-degrees. C1 TULANE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. RI Waterhouse, Andrew /F-6719-2011 OI Waterhouse, Andrew /0000-0002-5088-7442 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 18 PY 1991 VL 217 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84114-T PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GL547 UT WOS:A1991GL54700004 PM 1797404 ER PT J AU LIU, JH WATERHOUSE, AL CHATTERTON, NJ AF LIU, JH WATERHOUSE, AL CHATTERTON, NJ TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF D-FRUCTANS .4. PROTON AND CARBON CHEMICAL-SHIFT ASSIGNMENTS FOR 6-KESTOSE AND NEOKESTOSE FROM 2-DIMENSIONAL NMR MEASUREMENTS SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY-ENHANCED DETECTION; QUANTUM COHERENCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The proton and carbon chemical shift assignments of the simplest levan, 6-kestose, [O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 6)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <--1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside], along with another trisaccharide, neokestose, [O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 <--2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside], were determined using two-dimensional (2D) homonuclear and heteronuclear n.m.r. methods. The H-1 peak of H-1 of the glucose residue was determined by its chemical shift. Using H-H coupling information to this proton, the chemical shifts of most of the proton signals of the glucose moiety were determined. Though the signals from the two fructose residues were very close, a NOESY experiment and long-range C-H correlation experiments allowed their complete carbon and proton assignment. This work completes and corrects literature assignments. C1 TULANE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES,LOGAN,UT 84322. RI Waterhouse, Andrew /F-6719-2011 OI Waterhouse, Andrew /0000-0002-5088-7442 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 18 PY 1991 VL 217 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84115-U PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GL547 UT WOS:A1991GL54700005 PM 1797405 ER PT J AU BANCAL, P HENSON, CA GAUDILLERE, JP CARPITA, NC AF BANCAL, P HENSON, CA GAUDILLERE, JP CARPITA, NC TI FRUCTAN CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AND SENSITIVITY TO AN EXOHYDROLASE SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; OLIGOMERS; LEAVES AB A fructan exohydrolase selective for (2 --> 1)-linked terminal fructosyl linkages, isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex) stems and leaf sheaths, was used to elucidate the chemical structures of several oligomeric fructans extracted from liliaceous and graminaceous species. Products released by enzymic and mild acid hydrolysis were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of partially methylated alditol acetates permitted unequivocal deduction of many linkage sequences, first of the hydrolysis products and then of the original oligomers. We found that bifurcose, a tetrasaccharide formed by addition of a fructosyl unit to O-6 of the central fructose residue of 1-kestose, was a central molecule in the generation of the branched, oligomeric fructans of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fidel). These arise by the extension of both (2 --> 1)- and (2 --> 6)-linked chains from the bifurcose branch-point residue. Some of the (2 --> 6)-linked units that slowly accumulate in oligomers may arise in vivo from selective hydrolysis, by fructan exohydrolases, of (2 --> 1)-linked terminal units at branch point residues rather than by the action of (2 --> 6)-specific synthases. Limited hydrolysis by specific exohydrolases in vitro coupled with separation of the oligomeric products constitutes an effective approach to the sequence analysis of complex oligosaccharides. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. CTR MONDESIR,INST NATL RECH AGRON,F-63039 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR BORDEAUX,INST NATL RECH AGRON,F-33140 PONT DE LA MAYE,FRANCE. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 18 PY 1991 VL 217 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84124-W PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GL547 UT WOS:A1991GL54700014 PM 1797396 ER PT J AU JURSINIC, PA MCCARTHY, SA BRICKER, TM STEMLER, A AF JURSINIC, PA MCCARTHY, SA BRICKER, TM STEMLER, A TI CHARACTERISTICS OF 2 ATRAZINE-BINDING SITES THAT SPECIFICALLY INHIBIT PHOTOSYSTEM-II FUNCTION SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; HERBICIDE; CHARGE RECOMBINATION; UNSPECIFIC BINDING; PHOTOAFFINITY LABELING; PHOTOSYSTEM-II CONCENTRATION ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; HERBICIDE RECEPTOR PROTEIN; CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANES; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; QUINONE ACCEPTOR; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; REACTION CENTERS; FILM DETECTION; QB-PROTEIN AB In pea thylakoids, [C-14]atrazine is found to have two binding sites per active oxygen-evolving complex; one with high-binding affinity and one with low-binding affinity. The high affinity site has a K(d) = 80 nM, is present at a concentration of 120 nM (1 site / 470 Chl); binds in less than 500 ms; and blocks the electron flow reaction, Q(a)-Q(b) --> Q(a)Q(b)-. The low affinity site has a K(d) = 420 nM; is present at a concentration of 120 nM (1 site / 470 Chl); binds with a half-time of 4 to 5 s; and partially inhibits the charge recombination reaction in Photosystem II, Sn+1Q(a)- --> SnQ(a). In the same thylakoids, the concentration of Photosystem II centers active in oxygen evolution is 100 nM (1 / 540 Chl) and the concentration of those active in charge separation is 120 nM (1 / 450 Chl). Therefore, there are approximately two atrazine-binding sites per Photosystem II reaction center; one with high affinity and one with low affinity. High-affinity labelling with [C-14]azidoatrazine is associated with a 34.5 kDa protein, which is identified as D1, using polyclonal antisera. Low-affinity labelling with [C-14]azidoatrazine is associated with a 30-32 kDa protein, which is identified as D2 with the monoclonal antibody FQC3. Our findings indicate that both high- and low affinity sites are specific for Photosystem II function. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & BIOCHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP JURSINIC, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD SEP 13 PY 1991 VL 1059 IS 3 BP 312 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0005-2728(05)80216-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GG968 UT WOS:A1991GG96800007 ER PT J AU PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM THOMPSON, MP AF PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM THOMPSON, MP TI EFFECT OF METAL-ION BINDING ON THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF BOVINE ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN AS EXAMINED BY INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-BINDING; AMIDE-I; SPECTRA; PROTEINS; FLUORESCENCE; RESOLUTION; CONFORMATION; RIBONUCLEASE; WATER; BANDS AB We have examined the influence of monovalent and divalent cations on the secondary structure of bovine alpha-lactalbumin at neutral pH using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Our present studies are based on previously reported amide I' component band assignments for this protein [Prestrelski, S. J., Byler, D. M., & Thompson, M. P. (1991) Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 37, 508-512]. The results indicate that upon dissolution, alpha-lactalbumin undergoes a small, but significant, time-dependent conformational change, regardless of the ions present. Additionally, these studies provide the first quantitative measure of the well-known secondary structural change which accompanies calcium binding. Results indicate that removal of Ca2+ from holo alpha-lactalbumin results in local unfolding of the Ca2+-binding loop; the spectra indicate that approximately 16% of the backbone chain changes from a rigid coordination complex to an unordered loop. We have also examined the effects of binding of several other metal ions. Our studies have revealed that binding of Mn2+ to apo alpha-lactalbumin (Ca2+-free), while inducing a small, but significant, conformational change, does not cause the alpha-lactalbumin backbone conformation to change to that of the holo (Ca2+-bound) form as characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Similar changes to those induced by Mn2+ are observed upon binding of Na+ to apo alpha-lactalbumin, and furthermore, even at very high concentrations (0.2 M), Na+ does not stabilize a structure similar to the holo form. Binding of Zn2+ to the apo form of alpha-lactalbumin does not result in significant backbone conformational changes, suggesting a rigid Zn2+-binding site. Further, as characterized by infrared spectroscopy, binding of Zn2+ to holo alpha-lactalbumin does not induce a reversion to an apolike conformer. These results suggest that current models of the metal-binding properties of alpha-lactalbumin need to be carefully reexamined in light of these findings. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,DEPT CHEM & PHYS SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19144. RI Byler, David Michael/C-5007-2008 OI Byler, David Michael/0000-0002-6880-7674 NR 43 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 10 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 36 BP 8797 EP 8804 DI 10.1021/bi00100a010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GE459 UT WOS:A1991GE45900010 PM 1888739 ER PT J AU LILJA, C MARKS, HL AF LILJA, C MARKS, HL TI CHANGES IN THE RATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE-TRACT ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM SELECTION FOR HIGH GROWTH-RATE IN THE QUAIL SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; POSTNATAL-GROWTH C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV GEORGIA,SEPRL,USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0001-6772 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND JI Acta Physiol. Scand. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 143 IS 1 BP A59 EP A59 PG 1 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA GD854 UT WOS:A1991GD85400128 ER PT J AU FLERCHINGER, GN PIERSON, FB AF FLERCHINGER, GN PIERSON, FB TI MODELING PLANT CANOPY EFFECTS ON VARIABILITY OF SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND WATER SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; SIMULATION; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; WYOMINGENSIS; CROP AB Vegetative cover affects the spatial and temporal variability of heat and water in the soil. The ability to predict temperature and water conditions enhances our ability to evaluate management options for soil and water conservation, plant establishment and pest control. The simultaneous heat and water (SHAW) model is a detailed process model of heat and water movement in a snow-residue-soil system. This paper describes provisions added to the SHAW model for vegetative cover and simulation of heat and water transfer through the soil-plant-air continuum. The model was applied without calibration to one full year of data on semiarid sagebrush rangeland to simulate vegetation effects on the spatial and temporal variability of soil temperature and water. The model currently has no provisions for plant growth or annual variation in leaf area index, resulting in insufficient shading of the soil surface during summer months. Nevertheless, the model accounted for over 96% of the variation in near-surface soil temperature for sagebrush-covered areas and over 91% of the variation for bare soil surfaces. Simulated water potential and total water use also agreed well with measured values. RP FLERCHINGER, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 25 TC 78 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90093-6 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GG842 UT WOS:A1991GG84200004 ER PT J AU DALRYMPLE, DG AF DALRYMPLE, DG TI PERESTROIKA IN THE COUNTRYSIDE - AGRICULTURAL REFORM IN THE GORBACHEV ERA - MOSKOFF,W SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. RP DALRYMPLE, DG (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 65 IS 4 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA HB465 UT WOS:A1991HB46500018 ER PT J AU NORRIS, K AF NORRIS, K TI GROPING FOR THE MASTER SWITCH SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP NORRIS, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800001 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI DISCOVERING PHYTOCHROME - TRIPPING THE LIGHT SWITCH FANTASTIC SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800002 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI PHYTOCHROME SENDS THE SIGNALS - SPROUT FLOWER GROW SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800003 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI DRESS-FOR-SUCCESS MULCH SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800004 ER PT J AU KONSTANT, DA AF KONSTANT, DA TI EROSION CANT HIDE FROM LASER SCANNER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KONSTANT, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800005 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B AF HARDIN, B TI CUPHEA - PLANTS WITH A BEAUTIFUL FUTURE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800006 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI HOPPINESS IS BREWING BETTER BEER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800007 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI FOR VITAMIN-A EAT AN ORANGE TOMATO SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800008 ER PT J AU KONSTANT, DA AF KONSTANT, DA TI ROOT ENZYMES ARE IN CONTROL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KONSTANT, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800009 ER PT J AU GERRIETTS, M AF GERRIETTS, M TI WHEAT TOUGH ENOUGH TO TAKE THE HESSIAN FLY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP GERRIETTS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800010 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI BUILDING A BETTER STRAWBERRY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800011 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI INHIBIT MELANIN - YOUR FUNGAL PROBLEMS ARE OVER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800013 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI LOOKING INTO A COTTON CELL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800012 ER PT J AU SILVA, JM AF SILVA, JM TI ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, SO LOVELY, SO LETHAL TO MOTHS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP SILVA, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE758 UT WOS:A1991GE75800014 ER PT J AU JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA ROSENBERGER, JL AF JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA ROSENBERGER, JL TI SWARD DYNAMICS AND HERBAGE NUTRITIONAL-VALUE OF ALFALFA-RYEGRASS MIXTURES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; BINARY-MIXTURES; RED-CLOVER; ORCHARDGRASS; PRODUCTIVITY; CULTIVARS; LEGUMES; GRASSES; SOWN AB No grass species has proven to be well suited as a companion grass in binary mixtures with alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., over a wide range of environments and management practices. Two trials were conducted with alfalfa and perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., as binary mixtures and monocultures in Pennsylvania, USA (41-degrees-N, 77-degrees 30'W) to determine the influence of seeding rate and phenological development and tillering potential of ryegrass on sward dynamics and herbage nutritional value. The experiment was seeded on Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) soil in August 1983 and 1984 to determine consistency of sward dynamics of stands seeded in different years. Field plots were harvested in late May and after 35-d intervals in summer, and 45 d in fall. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was used to estimate botanical composition of the mixtures. Nitrogen concentration and in vitro dry matter disappearance determinations were made on freeze-dried herbage for 2 yr from one of the two trials. Botanical composition of alfalfa-perennial ryegrass mixtures was influenced more by ryegrass seeding rate than by alfalfa seeding rate. The influence of alfalfa and ryegrass seeding rates on botanical composition was particularly large during stand establishment and the first crop year. Alfalfa became the dominant species within 1 yr in all mixtures in both trials even when conditions heavily favored ryegrass during stand establishment. Annual yield of digestible dry matter was maximized at 9.9 Mg ha-1 when alfalfa and perennial ryegrass were seeded at approximately 15 and 11 kg ha-1, respectively. Weed content of the mixtures was inversely related to seeding rate of ryegrass. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP JUNG, GA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 786 EP 794 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600003 ER PT J AU BELESKY, DP PERRY, HD WINDHAM, WR MATHIAS, EL FEDDERS, JM AF BELESKY, DP PERRY, HD WINDHAM, WR MATHIAS, EL FEDDERS, JM TI PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF BERMUDAGRASS IN A COOL TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DACTYLON L PERS; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; APPALACHIAN REGION; SELECTIONS; GROWTH; NITROGEN; YIELD AB In temperate environments a warm-season species is needed to provide forage during summer when the growth rate of cool-season forages is low. Management data for warm-season pasture is limited for the Appalachian region. A bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] selection RS1, has been identified which is capable of growth and persistence in areas where other cultivars of the species winterkill. A field study was conducted to determine RS1 bermudagrass productivity and quality as affected by a split application of 60, 120, 240, or 360 kg N ha-1 and a 2-, 4-, or 6-wk delay of initial harvest on a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludult (Gilpin) soil. Treatments were replicated four times in the field, and the study was conducted for 2 yr. Delaying initial harvest significantly increased yield in both years to more than 8 Mg ha-1 when 360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 was applied. Herbage yields typically ranged between 3 and 6 Mg ha-1 and would contribute substantially to forage requirements in mid-summer in the region. Increased N resulted in higher herbage yield regardless of harvest delay regime. Herbage yields were about 25% less in 1989 than in 1988 and could be due in part to cool and wet conditions in 1989, compared to a hot, dry 1988 growing season. Bermudagrass in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein declined with delayed initial harvest (maturity), increased following the mid-season N application, and continued to decline into late summer. Season average quality was not affected by initial harvest delay. Bermudagrass (RS1) will persist and respond to N fertilizer and defoliation management in cool, temperate environments and promises to be a useful component in forage-based animal production systems in the region. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP BELESKY, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERV RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 810 EP 813 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600007 ER PT J AU FRANK, AB AF FRANK, AB TI MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CRESTED AND WESTERN WHEATGRASS FOLLOWING GRAZING SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE GRASSES; SPRING WHEAT; TEMPERATURE AB Stage of morphological development during spring growth of perennial forage grasses can be predicted reliably from accumulated growing degree-days (GDD), but information is lacking on the relationship between morphological development and GDD accumulated following grazing. A study was conducted in a rainout shelter at Mandan, ND during 1987 and 1988 to determine the GDD required for morphological development of initial and regrowth forage of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex. Link) Schult.] and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii Rydb, (Love)]. Crested wheatgrass was grazed twice each year and western wheatgrass three times each year by sheep (Ovis aries L.). Water was applied weekly to provide treatments receiving 50, 100, and 150% of the long term 1 April to 1 November rainfall received at Mandan, ND. Plant development following the first grazing for both species was linearly related to GDD but plant development following subsequent grazing for both species was curvilinear. The deviation from linearity became greater after the first regrowth phase for both species and occurred during periods of decreasing photoperiods. Plant development for both species was similar at all three water treatments. This information should be useful for predicting stage of plant development and, when considered with other management information, would have utility in managing grazing systems utilizing several grazing cycles. RP FRANK, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 826 EP 828 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600010 ER PT J AU MEYERS, LL RUSSELLE, MP AF MEYERS, LL RUSSELLE, MP TI LIMITATIONS TO BROMIDE DETERMINATIONS IN ALFALFA USING THE BROMIDE-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRACE AB Bromide is a potential tracer of nutrient uptake by plant roots in soil-plant systems, yet traditional methods of Br analysis have been time consuming, expensive, or difficult to complete. The bromide-selective electrode (BrSE) has been used with some success as a simple means to accurately determine Br in soils and plant materials. We tested 0.1 M NaNO3 and 0.025 M Al2(SO4)3 as extractants of Br in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for determination with a BrSE and investigated BrSE interferences from Cl and soluble proteins. Sodium nitrate was eliminated as an extractant due to unstable potentials and gross overestimation of added Br. Extraction with Al2(SO4)3 resulted in stable potentials and accurate recovery of added Br, but x-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the BrSE overestimated tissue Br by 1.3 to 14 times. Overestimation of Br was strongly correlated with the ratio of Cl:Br in the extracts and the BrSE was affected by relatively low [Cl] at [Br] lower than 4 mg L-1. The BrSE is neither an accurate nor a simple means of Br analysis in alfalfa. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP MEYERS, LL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MINNESOTA CLUSTER LOCAT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 833 EP 835 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600012 ER PT J AU TIMMONS, DR BAKER, JL AF TIMMONS, DR BAKER, JL TI RECOVERY OF POINT-INJECTED LABELED NITROGEN BY CORN AS AFFECTED BY TIMING, RATE, AND TILLAGE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; FERTILIZER SOURCE; YIELDS; TIME; N-15; GRAIN; SOILS; IOWA AB Point-injection technology is being developed to improve fertilizer management, particularly N management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the rate (number) and timing of point-injections of an ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution on N uptake and corn growth and to measure any differences due to tillage. Nitrogen-15 depleted NH4NO3 (AN) was hand-injected beside individual plants at the V1, V5, and/or V9 growth stages at rates of 50, 100, and/or 200 kg N ha-1 with fall moldboard plow (MP), fall chisel plow (CP), and ridge-till (RT) systems. While MP had the highest grain and total dry matter production (but with the lowest N concentrations in those materials), tillage was not a significant factor in either the percentage of the total plant N derived from labeled AN (N(F)) or its recovery (N(R)) for any stage sampled. Generally the year (i.e. different environmental conditions) and application timing or a timing-by-year interaction had the greatest influence on N(F) and N(R). Although plants sampled at the V9 stage on the average recovered more N from the V1 application (39%) vs the V5 application (27%), at maturity N(R) values for grain (35%) and total dry matter (47%) were the same for both V1 or V5 applications (when only two applications were made). However when three applications were made (at the V1, V5, and V9 stages), N(R) values decreased with time of application for both grain (38, 31, and 26%, respectively) and total dry matter (53, 43, and 33%, respectively). Across application timing, grain N(R) values were 34 and 31%, respectively, for MP and RT. Compared with preplant knifed-in labeled N for MP and RT systems in an adjacent simultaneous study, grain N(R) values for point-injected N in this study were 16 and 6% greater, respectively, indicating that multiple injections of fertilizer N improved N-use efficiency. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 850 EP 857 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600016 ER PT J AU ALLEN, LH BISBAL, EC BOOTE, KJ JONES, PH AF ALLEN, LH BISBAL, EC BOOTE, KJ JONES, PH TI SOYBEAN DRY-MATTER ALLOCATION UNDER SUBAMBIENT AND SUPERAMBIENT LEVELS OF CARBON-DIOXIDE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; PLANT-GROWTH; TRANSPIRATION RESPONSES; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; WATER-USE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD; CHAMBERS; WEIGHT AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] is expected to cause increases in crop growth and yield. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of subambient, as well as superambient, [CO2] on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] dry matter production and allocation for two reasons: to assess response of plants to prehistoric as well as future expected CO2 levels and to increase confidence in [CO2] response curves by imposing a wide range of [CO2] treatments. Soybean was grown in outdoor, sunlit, controlled-environment chambers at CO2 levels of 160, 220, 280, 330, 660, and 990-mu-mol (CO2) mol-1 (air). Total dry matter growth rates during the linear phase of vegetative growth were 5.0, 8.4, 10.9, 12.5, 18.2, and 20.7 g m-2 d-1 for the above respective [CO2]. Samples taken from 24 to 94 d after planting showed that the percentage of total plant mass in leaf trifoliolates decreased with increasing [CO2] whereas the percentage in structural components (petioles and stems) increased. At final harvest the respective [CO2] treatments resulted in 38, 53, 62, 100, 120, and 92% seed yield with respect to the 330-mu-mol mol-1 treatment. Total dry weight responses were similar. Late season spider mite damage of the 990 and 280-mu-mol mol-1 treatments reduced yields. These data confirm not only that rising CO2 should increase plant growth, but also that plant growth was probably seriously limited by atmospheric [CO2] in preindustrial revolution times back to the previous global glaciation. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP ALLEN, LH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 38 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 875 EP 883 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600020 ER PT J AU COOPER, RL FAUSEY, NR STREETER, JG AF COOPER, RL FAUSEY, NR STREETER, JG TI YIELD POTENTIAL OF SOYBEAN GROWN UNDER A SUBIRRIGATION DRAINAGE WATER MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEED YIELD; IRRIGATION; CULTIVARS; MOVEMENT AB Combination subsurface irrigation/drainage systems to manage water (add or remove) on poorly drained soils is a relatively new concept in the humid Midwest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield potential of a subirrigation/drainage system, when used in combination with a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system with known high yield potential, on a poorly drained soil at Wooster, OH. The water table was maintained on a Ravenna silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aeric Fragiuqualfs) by subirrigation at an average depth of 39 cm. Water table depth ranged from 25 cm over the drain line to 53 cm at the midpoint between drain lines which were spaced 6 m apart. Five cultivars (Sprite, Sprite 87, Hobbit 87, Asgrow 3127, Williams 82) and two row spacings (18 and 76 cm) were compared in 1985 and 1986. In 1987, the five cultivars were all planted in 18-cm rows and compared at two water table levels (the 1985 and 1986 level and a non-irrigated naturally varying depth). Averaged over the five cultivars, the constant water table produced a 3-yr average yield of 5392 kg/ha. In 1987 there was a 2051 kg ha-1 or 58% yield advantage for the subirrigation/drainage system over non-irrigation (5563 vs 3512 kg ha-1). The 1985, 1986 mean yield advantage for 18-cm rows compared to 76-cm rows was 1010 kg ha-1 or 23%. These results indicate that with a properly managed subirrigation/drainage system, combined with a soybean production system with high yield potential, long-term average soybean yields of 5300 kg ha-1 should be possible in the humid Midwest. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON & AGR ENGN,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP COOPER, RL (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 884 EP 887 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600021 ER PT J AU FRANK, AB BAUER, A AF FRANK, AB BAUER, A TI ROOTING ACTIVITY AND WATER-USE DURING VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CRESTED AND WESTERN WHEATGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; PRESSURE; GRASSES; GROWTH AB Crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex. Link) Schult] and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii Rybd, (Love)] are important cool-season forage species that have contrasting growth patterns. Knowledge of relationships among plant development stage, water use, and rooting activity would aid in understanding the responses of these species to stresses and defoliation. Our objectives were to compare evapotranspiration (ET), rooting activity, and plant water status in relation to Haun development stage of 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass 'Rodan' western wheatgrass. These species were grown at three water treatments (50, 100, and 150% of 1 April to 31 October monthly rainfall) and two N fertilizer (11 and 110 kg N ha-1) rates in a rain-out shelter at Mandan, ND for a 3-yr period. The soil was a Parshall fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed Pachic Haploborolls). Cumulative ET through early boot stage averaged 133 and 170 mm for crested and western wheatgrass, respectively. Maximum ET rate occurred at Haun stage 5 to 6 for both species. Crested wheatgrass rooting activity averaged over three water treatments increased about 4.4 cm d-1 compared to 3.7 cm d-1 for western wheatgrass. Both species exhibited rooting activity to 1.2 m by mid-May when western wheatgrass had developed to Haun stage 4.9 and crested wheatgrass to 5.7. Water use-efficiency of crested wheatgrass decreased as water treatment and Haun stage increased, but western wheatgrass did not change with either. Water use-efficiency of crested wheatgrass, but not of western wheatgrass, was greater at 110 than at 11 kg fertilizer N ha-1. Information on the simultaneous development of plant aerial parts and rooting activity contributes to an understanding of the water-use relations of these species and has application in development of growth and yield simulation models. RP FRANK, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 906 EP 910 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GG706 UT WOS:A1991GG70600025 ER PT J AU CALDERONE, NW BRUCE, WA ALLENWARDELL, G SHIMANUKI, H AF CALDERONE, NW BRUCE, WA ALLENWARDELL, G SHIMANUKI, H TI EVALUATION OF BOTANICAL COMPOUNDS FOR CONTROL OF THE HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE, ACARAPIS-WOODI SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Several naturally-occurring compounds of botanical origin were evaluated in laboratory tests to determine whether they might provide effective control of the tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi. Clove oil, citronellal, terpineol, and alpha-terpinene, exhibited significant acaricidal activity greater than or equal to menthol and merit further evaluation in field trials. RP CALDERONE, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 131 IS 9 BP 589 EP 591 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD336 UT WOS:A1991GD33600023 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB HEYMAN, MB EVANS, WJ FUSS, P TSAY, R YOUNG, VR AF ROBERTS, SB HEYMAN, MB EVANS, WJ FUSS, P TSAY, R YOUNG, VR TI DIETARY ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF YOUNG-ADULT MEN, DETERMINED BY USING THE DOUBLY LABELED WATER METHOD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY METABOLISM; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ADULT; BASAL METABOLIC RATE ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; EXPENDITURE; HUMANS; WOMEN; VALIDATION; DEUTERIUM; EXERCISE; SOLDIERS AB We examined the hypothesis that current recommendations on dietary energy requirements may underestimate the total energy needs of young adult men, by measuring total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) in 14 weight-maintaining healthy subjects leading unrestricted lives. TEE and body composition were measured by using H-2(2) O-18, and REE was measured by using indirect calorimetry. All subjects had sedentary full-time occupations and participated in strenuous leisure activities for 34 +/- 6 (SE) min/d. TEE and REE were 14.61 +/- 0.76 and 7.39 +/- 0.26 MJ/d, respectively, and 202 +/- 2 and 122 +/- 2 kJ.kg-1.d-1. There were significant relationships between TEE and both body fat-free mass (r = 0.732, P < 0.005) and measured REE (r = 0.568, P < 0.05). Measured TEE:REE values were significantly higher than the recommended energy requirement (1.98 +/- 0.09, compared with 1.55 or 1.67, P < 0.005). These results are consistent with the suggestion that the current recommended energy intake for young adult men may underestimate total energy needs. C1 MIT,CLIN RES CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,HUMAN NUTR LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. SHRINERS BURN INST,BOSTON,MA. RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR88]; NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 34 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 54 IS 3 BP 499 EP 505 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GD041 UT WOS:A1991GD04100007 PM 1877505 ER PT J AU TREMBLAY, A SEALE, J ALMERAS, N CONWAY, J MOE, P AF TREMBLAY, A SEALE, J ALMERAS, N CONWAY, J MOE, P TI ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF A POSTOBESE MAN REPORTING A LOW-ENERGY INTAKE AT WEIGHT MAINTENANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY INTAKE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; OBESITY; CALORIMETRY ID INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; LARGE EATERS; EXPENDITURE; BALANCE; EXERCISE; OBESITY; FAT AB Three experiments were performed to test the validity of the low reported energy intake of weight maintenance in a postobese man. In the first experiment the subject reported a mean energy intake of 8008 kJ/d during 16 d and he maintained a stable body weight. This finding was not reproduced in the second experiment, which consisted of a 6-d inpatient study during which the subject was confined to a whole-body calorimeter for 5 d. Indeed, he lost weight when fed a controlled energy intake of 7950 kJ/d. Moreover, this experiment showed that direct and indirect calorimetry provided comparable energy-expenditure measurements during this period. Finally, when the subject was refed a controlled energy intake of 7950 kJ/d for 21 d, body weight and fat losses were observed. Therefore, these observations do not support the validity of the low energy intake that may be reported by people predisposed to obesity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TREMBLAY, A (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,PHYS ACTIV SCI LAB,PEPS,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 54 IS 3 BP 506 EP 508 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GD041 UT WOS:A1991GD04100008 PM 1877506 ER PT J AU LAINE, L SHULMAN, RJ PITRE, D LIFSCHITZ, CH ADAMS, J AF LAINE, L SHULMAN, RJ PITRE, D LIFSCHITZ, CH ADAMS, J TI CYSTEINE USAGE INCREASES THE NEED FOR ACETATE IN NEONATES WHO RECEIVE TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CYSTEINE; ACETATE; NEONATES; ACIDOSIS; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION ID PHOSPHATE SOLUBILITY; NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; CALCIUM AB The addition of cysteine (as cysteine HCl) to a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution enhances calcium and phosphate solubility because cysteine lowers the pH of the solution. To determine whether adding cysteine to TPN solutions affected the acid-base homeostasis of infants and increased their need for acetate to obviate acidosis, we studied two groups of neonates-those receiving TPN before (group C) and after (group NC) the addition of cysteine. Measurements were made before and during the first 2 wk of TPN administration. We measured the pH of our standard TPN solution with and without the addition of cysteine. Serum carbon dioxide was significantly lower in group C despite a significantly greater intake of acetate in group NC. In the in vitro study the addition of cysteine to the TPN solution lowered the pH from 5.5 to 5.1. Newborns who received TPN solutions to which cysteine was added had lower serum carbon dioxide values and a greater need to receive acetate than did newborns who received TPN solutions without cysteine. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 54 IS 3 BP 565 EP 567 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GD041 UT WOS:A1991GD04100018 PM 1908633 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY KLEIN, PD AF GRAHAM, DY KLEIN, PD TI WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE METHODS, PROBLEMS, INTERPRETATIONS, AND USES OF UREA BREATH TESTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRIC CAMPYLOBACTER; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; DIAGNOSIS C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MOLEC VIROL,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GRAHAM, DY (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,111D,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 28 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1118 EP 1122 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GE504 UT WOS:A1991GE50400002 PM 1882788 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY KLEIN, PD EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ ALPERT, LC OPEKUN, A JERDACK, GR MORGAN, DR AF GRAHAM, DY KLEIN, PD EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ ALPERT, LC OPEKUN, A JERDACK, GR MORGAN, DR TI SIMPLE NONINVASIVE METHOD TO TEST EFFICACY OF DRUGS IN THE ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION - THE EXAMPLE OF COMBINED BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE AND NITROFURANTOIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIPOTASSIUM DICITRATOBISMUTH TDB; NON-ULCER DYSPEPSIA; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; DUODENAL-ULCER; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RELAPSE RATES; RANITIDINE; OFLOXACIN; GASTRITIS; THERAPY AB Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infections has proved to be difficult. There is a need both for improved therapies and for ways to rapidly identify therapies that show sufficient promise to be worth pursuing. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the value of a therapeutic regimen of a bismuth salt plus nitrofurantoin for eradication of infection by H. pylori and to determine the validity/utility of the urea breath test in monitoring the progress of a clinical trial. We used an 80% eradication rule to define a promising therapeutic regimen, i.e., a regimen that eradicated the infection (no evidence of infection by H. pylori 4 wk after termination of therapy) in at least 80% of the individuals treated. Eighteen men (median age 38) with documented infection by H. pylori completed the study. At the end-of-study evaluation, H. pylori infection was eradicated (negative urea breath test, culture, and histology) in only one of 18 (5.5%) subjects; 15 were positive by the urea breath test, 16 by culture, 15 by Warthin-Starry stain, and 16 by the presence of acute-on-chronic inflammation. Using the 80% eradication rule, any one of these tests alone would have identified that the combination of antimicrobials tested was not effective in the eradication of the infection. We conclude that the urea breath test is a simple, noninvasive, cost-effective method to separate promising from unpromising candidate therapies and for the evaluation of new therapeutic concepts. C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45247. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES,USDA ARS,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GRAHAM, DY (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,111D,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1158 EP 1162 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GE504 UT WOS:A1991GE50400011 PM 1882794 ER PT J AU MEINERSMANN, RJ RIGSBY, WE STERN, NJ KELLEY, LC HILL, JE DOYLE, MP AF MEINERSMANN, RJ RIGSBY, WE STERN, NJ KELLEY, LC HILL, JE DOYLE, MP TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF COLONIZING AND NONCOLONIZING CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION AB Campylobacter jejuni A74/O and A74/C are congenic strains. An oral dose of 10(5) organisms of strain A74/C colonizes chicken intestines. Strain A74/O, from which A74/C is derived, doses not colonize the chicken intestines with an oral dose of 10(5) organisms. In this study, the congenic bacteria were compared to identify possible colonization mechanisms. Differences were not observed in plasmid content or by HindIII, Pst I, Acc I, HincII, Ava I, Ava II, Xba I, and BamHI restriction enzyme digestion of total DNA. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained samples revealed no differences between the strains. Sections of cecal tissue from nonfed day-of-hatch chicks were cultured with each strain for 2 hours and then examined by light and electron microscopy. Both strains caused necrosis of villus epithelial cells. Immunofluorescent or silver staining revealed strain A74/C located deep in numerous epithelial crypts, but strain A74/O only was present in one sample mixed with sloughed necrotic cells. Similarly, organisms were detected by transmission electron microscopy deep in crypts in tissues cultured with A74/C, but not A74/O. Cells of A74/C detected in crypts did not appear to associate with epithelial cells. The strains did not differ in chemotactic behavior to mucin or fucose. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP MEINERSMANN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1518 EP 1522 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GD168 UT WOS:A1991GD16800025 PM 1952344 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD ELLIS, JA KUBENA, LF HUFF, WE PETERSEN, HD AF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD ELLIS, JA KUBENA, LF HUFF, WE PETERSEN, HD TI EFFECTS ON AFLATOXIN M1 RESIDUES IN MILK BY ADDITION OF HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE TO AFLATOXIN-CONTAMINATED DIETS OF DAIRY-COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM AB Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for agricultural feeds, was added to aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated diets of 3 lactating dairy cows and evaluated for its potential to reduce aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) residues in milk. During phase I, cows were fed alternating diets that consisted of 200-mu-g of AF/kg of feed for 7 days, 0.5% HSCAS plus 200-mu-g of AF/kg of feed for 7 days, and feed with the HSCAS removed for a final 7 days. The AFM1 milk concentrations from the intervals with HSCAS added to diets were compared with those times when HSCAS was absent. The presence of 0.5% HSCAS in feed containing 200-mu-g of AF/kg reduced AFM1 secretion into the milk by an average of 0.44-mu-g/L (from pretreatment of 1.85-mu-g/L to 1.41-mu-g/L with HSCAS, a 24% reduction). Following a 10-day period of noncontaminated feed consumption and no AFM1 residues in the milk, phase II of the study was begun. The same experimental design as phase I was used, but the dosages of HSCAS and AF were changed to 1.0% and 100-mu-g/kg of feed, respectively. The addition of 1.0% HSCAS in feed containing 100-mu-g of AF/kg decreased AFM1 content in the milk by an average of 0.40-mu-g/L (from a pretreatment of 0.91-mu-g/L to 0.51-mu-g/L when HSCAS was present, a 44% reduction). These findings suggest that HSCAS, a high-affinity sorbent compound for AF in vitro, is capable of reducing the secretion of AFM1 into milk. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1556 EP 1559 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GD168 UT WOS:A1991GD16800033 PM 1659263 ER PT J AU VARELAMOREIRAS, G RUIZROSO, B VARELA, G AF VARELAMOREIRAS, G RUIZROSO, B VARELA, G TI EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF ACETAMINOPHEN ON THE NUTRITIONAL UTILIZATION OF DIETARY-PROTEIN SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE ACETAMINOPHEN; DRUG-NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS; DIETARY PROTEIN; XENOBIOTICS; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY ID METABOLISM; METHIONINE AB The effect of long-term administration of acetaminophen to rats on the dietary protein utilization was investigated using protein-sufficient and protein-deficient diets. Fat digestibility, food efficiency and some hepatic parameters were also determined. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in the nitrogen metabolic utilization in the protein-sufficient treated animals compared to the untreated group (0.59 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.75 +/-0.03, p < 0.001). The protein-deficient diet and the administration of the drug resulted in lower nitrogen metabolic utilization in either of the two metabolic balances (days 4-11 and 36-42). These changes were not accompanied by variations in the nitrogen digestibility coefficient. C1 UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID,FAC FARM,DEPT NUTR,MADRID 3,SPAIN. RP VARELAMOREIRAS, G (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRC AGING,BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 35 IS 5 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1159/000177661 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GU510 UT WOS:A1991GU51000008 PM 1776827 ER PT J AU GREENSTONE, MH STUART, MK HAUNERLAND, NH AF GREENSTONE, MH STUART, MK HAUNERLAND, NH TI USING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES FOR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS - AN EXAMPLE FROM THE HELIOTHINAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE INSECTA; HELICOVERPA; HELIOTHIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ID PROTEIN; BINDING; NITROCELLULOSE; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; FIXATION; ALBUMIN; ZEA AB Vertebrate antisera have been used for phylogenetic analysis for > 85 yr by raising them against molecules from one taxon and reacting them with homologous molecules from other taxa in the groups under consideration. The reactions are evaluated quantitatively and are used to estimate immunological distances between taxa. The strength of these reactions reflects the summation of interactions between the individual antibodies making up the antiserum and the antigenic determinants they recognize on the molecule. The availability of monoclonal antibodies makes possible a new approach for immunological phylogenetic analysis because they recognize individual antigenic determinants that are either present or absent, thus qualifying as character states. We illustrate this approach with monoclonal antibodies to determinants on two larval plasma proteins from Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The distribution of these two determinants is consistent with current thinking on the close relationship of H. zea and Heliothis armigera (Hubner), and supports the monophyly of those heliothines that we have tested. Immunoblotting may be used with this approach to support the homology of determinants in different taxa by confirming the identity of the molecules on which they reside, after the molecules have been characterized by such assays as native PAGE and isoelectric focusing. C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. RP GREENSTONE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG656 UT WOS:A1991GG65600002 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW OLIVER, JE AF NEAL, JW OLIVER, JE TI UNIDIRECTIONAL ASYMMETRIC SEXUAL HYBRID IN SYMPATRIC STEPHANITIS LACE BUGS (HEMIPTERA, TINGIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STEPHANITIS SPP; BACKCROSSES; STERILITY ID HETEROPTERA; COMPONENTS; AZALEA AB Reciprocal crosses of Stephanitis takeyai Drake and Maa and the azalea lace bug, S. pyrioides (Scott), resulted in mostly female hybrid progeny only from S. pyrioides. Eggs oviposited by mated S. takeyai did not hatch. Hybrids were confirmed by two physical methods: (1) gas chromatographic comparison of the composition of exocrine secretions from parental and hybrid late-instar exuviae; the F1 hybrid from S. pyrioides females x S. takeyai males secreted compounds characteristic of both parents and (2) examination of setae on the hood, paranotum, and median carina, which were present on parental S. takeyai, normally absent on S. pyrioides, and diffusely present on the hybrid. Hybrid females visually resembled S. pyrioides, did not oviposit unless mated, and readily fed on the reciprocating host, Pieris japonica (Thumb.) D. Don ex G. Don; a few of each cohort had the ovipositor hyperextended. The hybrid males were sterile in backcrosses to parental species. Hybrid females backcrossed to both parental males resulted in progeny only from S. pyrioides; the backcross had a normal sex ratio and nymph secretions similar to S. pyrioides. There was no progeny from backcrosses to male S. takeyai. This is the first report of hybridization among sympatric congeneric species in Tingidae. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 480 EP 487 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG656 UT WOS:A1991GG65600005 ER PT J AU BING, JW NOVAK, MG OBRYCKI, JJ GUTHRIE, WD AF BING, JW NOVAK, MG OBRYCKI, JJ GUTHRIE, WD TI STYLET PENETRATION AND FEEDING SITES OF RHOPALOSIPHUM-MAIDIS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON 2 GROWTH-STAGES OF MAIZE SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RHOPALOSIPHUM-MAIDIS; ZEA-MAYS; STYLET MOVEMENTS AB Stylet penetration and feeding sites of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were observed on the seedling stage (Plumule to V1) and the late whorl stage of (V15) maize inbred B96 (Zea mays L.). Fifty-seven percent of R. maidis stylets entered plants in the late whorl stage through stomata, whereas only 8% of the R. maidis penetrated seedling-stage plants through stomata. The majority of aphids (86%) penetrated seedling plants intercellularly between epidermal cells. Phloem was the preferred feeding site in seedling-stage plants (79%) and plants in the late whorl stage (57%) as indicated by stylet track terminations. In seedling maize, 13% of all stylet tracks had multiple branches, whereas 22% of the stylet tracks in the late whorl stage had multiple branches. C1 USDA ARS,ANKENNY,IA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP BING, JW (reprint author), AGRIGENET CO,SLATER,IA, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG656 UT WOS:A1991GG65600015 ER PT J AU ROBACKER, DC GARCIA, JA MARTINEZ, AJ KAUFMAN, MG AF ROBACKER, DC GARCIA, JA MARTINEZ, AJ KAUFMAN, MG TI STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS ATTRACTIVE TO LABORATORY STRAIN ANASTREPHA-LUDENS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ATTRACTANTS ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; DACUS DIPTERA; BACTERIA AB A bacterium isolated from the mouthparts of a laboratory-culture female Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), was highly attractive to sugar-fed, protein-starved, 4-16-d-old male and female laboratory-cultured Mexican fruit flies. The bacterium was identified as a strain of Staphylococcus (RGM-1) matching most closely to S. aureus. This is the first report of a Staphylococcus attractive to a tephritid species. Four S. aureus strains purchased from the American Type Culture Collection were as attractive to A. ludens as RGM-1. Tryptic soy broth cultures of RGM-1 were compared with torula yeast-borax, a standard bait for Anastrepha, for attractiveness to Mexican fruit flies. Bacterial preparations generally were less attractive or at best equally attractive as torula yeast-borax when baits were tested in pairs of competing McPhail traps in a greenhouse flight chamber and in a grapefruit orchard. C1 USDA,APHIS SCI & TECHNOL,CTR MISSION PLANT METHODS DEV,EDINBURG,TX 78593. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,WK KELLOGG BIOL STN,HICKORY CORNERS,MI 49060. RP ROBACKER, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG656 UT WOS:A1991GG65600016 ER PT J AU SAPPINGTON, TW SHOWERS, WB AF SAPPINGTON, TW SHOWERS, WB TI IMPLICATIONS FOR MIGRATION OF AGE-RELATED VARIATION IN FLIGHT BEHAVIOR OF AGROTIS-IPSILON (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AGROTIS-IPSILON; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR ID BLACK CUTWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAL REARING CONDITIONS; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; MOTHS; ARMYWORM; FEMALES; SYSTEM; MILL AB Long-duration flight behavior of the migratory moth Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) was examined using computer-interfaced flight mills. Moths were tested each day for the first 5 d after eclosion. Time of flight initiation, time of flight termination, duration of flight, and flight speed were similar for males and females within each age class. Three-day-old moths began flight earlier in the night (164 min after sunset) and flew significantly longer (391 min) than moths of all other age classes. One-day-old moths initiated flight significantly later (331 min after sunset) than all other age classes. Time of flight termination and flight speed were not significantly affected by age. Although moths of any age could make flights of any length, the percentage of moths making flights of a given duration was consistently greatest for those 3 d old and least for those 1 d old. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,ANKENNY,IA 50021. RP SAPPINGTON, TW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 560 EP 565 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG656 UT WOS:A1991GG65600017 ER PT J AU AHLGREN, JA AF AHLGREN, JA TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PYRUVATED-MANNOSE-SPECIFIC XANTHAN LYASE FROM HEAT-STABLE, SALT-TOLERANT BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION; PROTEINS AB A xanthanase complex secreted by a consortium of heat-stable, salt-tolerant bacteria includes a lyase that specifically removes terminal pyruvated beta-D-mannose residues from the side chains of xanthan gum. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture broth following ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. It consists of a single subunit of molecular weight 33,000. The enzyme is stable to 55-degrees-C for more than 6 h in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) containing 0.25 M NaCI. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at 0.05 M NaCI and a pH of 5. The enzyme has a pI of 3.7. It does not remove unsubstituted terminal beta-D-mannose residues from xanthan side chains nor does it hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannose. Treatment of xanthan with purified lyase results in a polysaccharide containing side chains terminating in an unsaturated 4,5-ene-glucuronic acid. RP AHLGREN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2523 EP 2528 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GF769 UT WOS:A1991GF76900013 PM 16348550 ER PT J AU EHRENSHAFT, M UPCHURCH, RG AF EHRENSHAFT, M UPCHURCH, RG TI ISOLATION OF LIGHT-ENHANCED CDNAS OF CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GROWTH; GENES; BETICOLA; CULTURE; TOXIN AB Cercospora kikuchii is a fungal pathogen of soybeans which produces a photosensitizing phytotoxic polyketide metabolite, cercosporin. Cercosporin synthesis in culture is modulated by several environmental factors. In addition to the light requirement for toxin action, cercosporin biosynthesis is also highly light regulated. As a first step towards identifying genes involved in cercosporin regulation and biosynthesis, we have used subtractive hybridization to isolate light-enhanced cDNA clones. Six distinct cDNA clones representing genes from a wild-type C. kikuchii strain for which transcript accumulation is positively regulated by light were isolated. To assess the relationship of these light-enhanced cDNAs to cercosporin biosynthesis, we compared corresponding steady-state RNA levels in the wild type and in three mutant strains altered in toxin biosynthesis. Two of the mutant C. kikuchii strains which fail to accumulate cercosporin in response to light also fail to exhibit light-enhanced accumulation of transcripts corresponding to all six light-enhanced cDNAs. Cercosporin accumulation in the third mutant strain, S2, is regulated by medium composition as well as light. S2 fails to accumulate cercosporin in complete medium, a medium which allows significant cercosporin accumulation by the wild-type strain. When cultured in complete medium, this mutant strain also fails to show the wild-type, light-enhanced accumulation of transcripts corresponding to five of the six light-enhanced cDNAs. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that transcript accumulation for two of the six light-enhanced cDNAs strongly paralleled cercosporin accumulation in light-grown wild-type culture. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP EHRENSHAFT, M (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2671 EP 2676 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GF769 UT WOS:A1991GF76900038 PM 16348553 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB WHITEHEAD, TR AF HESPELL, RB WHITEHEAD, TR TI CONJUGAL TRANSFER OF TN916, TN916-DELTA-E, AND PAM-BETA-1 FROM ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS TO BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS STRAINS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; RESISTANCE TRANSPOSON TN916; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PLASMID PAM-BETA-1; DNA FRAGMENTS; CLONING AB Anaerobic filter matings of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c, CF3, D1, or GS113, representing different DNA relatedness groups, were done with Enterococcus faecalis CG110, which contains chromosomally inserted Tn916. Tetracycline-resistant transconjugants were obtained with each mating pair at average frequencies of 4.4 x 10(-6) (per recipient) and 5.2 x 10(-6) (per donor). The transfer frequencies of Tn916 into B. fibrisolvens varied 5- to 10-fold with mating time, strain, and growth stage. By using Southern hybridization with pAM120 as the probe, Tn916 was shown to insert at one or more separate chromosomal sites for each strain of B. fibrisolvens. Retransfer of Tn916 from B. fibrisolvens H17c or CF3 to E. faecalis OG1-X or JH 2-2 or to B. fibrisolvens D1 or GS113 could not be shown. Matings of E. faecalis RH110, which contains chromosomally inserted Tn916-DELTA-E, with B. fibrisolvens 49, H17c, D1, CF3, GS113, or VV-1 resulted in erythromycin-resistant transconjugants at average frequencies of 5.3 x 10(-7) (per recipient) and 2.5 x 10(-7) (per donor). Tn916-DELTA-E was shown by Southern hybridization with pAM120 to insert at one or more sites in the chromosome of each strain. B. fibrisolvens H17c was anaerobically filter mated with E. faecalis JH 2-SS, which contains pAM-beta-1. Erythromycin-resistant transconjugants were obtained at frequencies of 2 x 10(-5) (per recipient) and 6 x 10(-5) (per donor). The presence of pAM-beta-1 in these transconjugants could not be shown by agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid minilysates but could be shown by Southern hybridization analysis. Retransfer of pAM-beta-1 from B. fibrisolvens H17c transconjugants in matings with B. fibrisolvens D1 or GS113 or with E. faecalis JH 2-2 could not be shown. These data are the first to show stable transfer of a plasmid (pAM-beta-1), transposons (Tn916, Tn916-DELTA-E), or genes (erythromycin and tetracycline resistances) from nonruminal species to ruminal species of bacteria. RP HESPELL, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2703 EP 2709 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GF769 UT WOS:A1991GF76900044 PM 1662939 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB WHITEHEAD, TR AF HESPELL, RB WHITEHEAD, TR TI INTRODUCTION OF TN916 AND PAM-BETA-1 INTO STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS JB1 BY CONJUGATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; BACTERIA AB The transposon Tn916 and self-mobilizing plasmid pAM-beta-1 were conjugated from Enterococcus faecalis to the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis JB1. Transconjugants were identified by resistance to tetracycline (Tn916) or erythromycin (pAM-beta-1) and by Southern hybridization analyses. Transfer frequencies were 7.0 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-6) per recipient cell for Tn916 and pAM-beta-1, respectively. The transconjugants JB1/Tn916 and JB1/pAM-beta-1 were used as donors for matings with E. faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and the ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. While pAM-beta-1 was successfully transferred to all three organisms, Tn916 was transferred only into B. subtilis and B. fibrisolvens at very low frequencies. This is the first report of conjugal DNA transfers between two ruminal organisms. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2710 EP 2713 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GF769 UT WOS:A1991GF76900045 PM 1662940 ER PT J AU MEDVECZ, PJ NICHOLS, KM CLAY, DT ATALLA, R AF MEDVECZ, PJ NICHOLS, KM CLAY, DT ATALLA, R TI DETERMINATION OF GAS TEMPERATURES AT 295-K-1273-K USING CO VIBRATIONAL-ROTATIONAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA RECORDED WITH AN FT-IR SPECTROMETER SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE INFRARED; FT-IR; CO; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS; COMBUSTION GASES AB Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy has been used to determine the rotational temperatures of high-temperature (less-than-or-equal-to 1273 K) CO/N2 gas samples. To achieve this objective, a special gas cell was constructed which permitted the acquisition of absorption spectra of samples containing CO at concentrations of 1-10% by volume in N2 and at temperatures between 295 and 1273 K. The absorption spectra were recorded with the use of a moderate-resolution (0.25 cm-1) FT-IR spectrometer. The rotational temperatures were calculated from the spectra after rigorous correction for photometric errors. Temperatures calculated from the P branch of CO spectra had accuracies of 3.2% or better. In all cases, the calculated temperatures were lower than temperatures recorded with a thermocouple, which had an accuracy of +/- 0.75%. An important factor in the success of these determinations was the adoption of measures to prevent the modulated spectral emission of the hot gases from reaching the detector. C1 INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL,575 14TH ST NW,ATLANTA,GA 30318. JAMES RIVER CORP,NEENAH,WI. FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1350 EP 1359 DI 10.1366/0003702914335779 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA GL412 UT WOS:A1991GL41200022 ER PT J AU GENEST, JJ MCNAMARA, JR UPSON, B SALEM, DN ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ MALINOW, MR AF GENEST, JJ MCNAMARA, JR UPSON, B SALEM, DN ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ MALINOW, MR TI PREVALENCE OF FAMILIAL HYPERHOMOCYST(E)INEMIA IN MEN WITH PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE HOMOCYST(E)INE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; GENETICS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ID CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE; POSSIBLE RISK FACTOR; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW-LEVEL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; FATTY STREAK CONVERSION; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; FIBROUS PLAQUE AB Elevated plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine have been reported to be more prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) than in controls. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this elevation was genetic. We determined homocyst(e)ine levels in 176 men with premature CAD (> 50% stenosis of a major epicardial coronary artery occurring before the age of 60 years) and in 255 controls free of cardiovascular disease. Homocyst(e)ine levels were higher in the CAD group compared with controls (13.9 +/- 6.7 versus 10.9 +/- 4.9 nmol/ml, p < 0.001); in addition, 28% of CAD patients had homocyst(e)ine levels above the 90th percentile of controls. Statistical analysis revealed that homocyst(e)ine levels were not related to the presence of hypertension or diabetes, smoking, or plasma levels of lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B. The families of 71 CAD patients were sampled (selected on the basis of availability of relatives) and included 60 spouses and 239 first-degree relatives; 370 subjects were thus sampled. Spearman correlations between probands and spouses (r = 0.264, p = 0.041) and between mean values for parent and offspring (r = 0.356, p = 0.002) for homocyst(e)ine levels indicated that homocyst(e)ine levels greater than the 90th percentile; familial segregation was observed in 10 of these kindreds. Therefore, 14% of CAD patients had familial hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. In conclusion, our data suggest that plasma homocyst(e)ine is a risk factor for the development of CAD, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, and that this elevation is in part genetically determined. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED CARDIOL,BOSTON,MA. OREGON REG PRIMATE RES CTR,BEAVERTON,OR 97006. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NCHHSTP CDC HHS [PS-RR00163-30]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243, HV 83-03] NR 41 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1136 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GH339 UT WOS:A1991GH33900001 PM 1911700 ER PT J AU MANTE, S MORGENS, PH SCORZA, R CORDTS, JM CALLAHAN, AM AF MANTE, S MORGENS, PH SCORZA, R CORDTS, JM CALLAHAN, AM TI AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF PLUM (PRUNUS-DOMESTICA L) HYPOCOTYL SLICES AND REGENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMATURE EMBRYOS; MALUS-PUMILA; CALLUS; PROMOTER; CHERRY; PSEUDOCERASUS; COTYLEDONS; SEGMENTS; PERSICA; APRICOT AB Plum plants were regenerated from hypocotyl segments derived from the embryonic axes of ungerminated seeds stored for up to six months at 4-degrees-C. Shoots were produced in 45 percent of the explants with an average of 8 shoots per explant. This regeneration system was used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with plasmids containing genes for neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Approximately 25 percent of the explants produced shoots on regeneration medium in the presence of antibiotics, and 30 percent of these could be rooted. Putative transgenic plants expressed NPTII and GUS activity, and Southern analyses demonstrated integration of T-DNA into the plum genome. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. CORNELL UNIV,GENEVA,NY 14456. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 9 IS 9 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1038/nbt0991-853 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GZ940 UT WOS:A1991GZ94000024 ER PT J AU GREGORY, SV SWANSON, FJ MCKEE, WA CUMMINS, KW AF GREGORY, SV SWANSON, FJ MCKEE, WA CUMMINS, KW TI AN ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE OF RIPARIAN ZONES SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; OREGON; FOREST; METABOLISM; ECOLOGY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FOREST SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT BIOL SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP GREGORY, SV (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 71 TC 1170 Z9 1295 U1 32 U2 354 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 8 BP 540 EP 551 DI 10.2307/1311607 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA GD097 UT WOS:A1991GD09700010 ER PT J AU SENOCK, RS SISSON, WB DONART, GB AF SENOCK, RS SISSON, WB DONART, GB TI COMPENSATORY PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF SPOROBOLUS-FLEXUOSUS (THURB) RYDB - FOLLOWING SIMULATED HERBIVORY IN THE NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT SO BOTANICAL GAZETTE LA English DT Article ID NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; DEFOLIATION; CAPACITY; GROWTH; RESPONSES; LEAVES; PRODUCTIVITY AB Leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), conductance to water vapor, water potential, solar radiation penetration within the canopy, and biomass production of Sporobolus flexuosus plants in the northern Chihuahuan Desert were measured 4, 18, and 34 d following removal of one-half of all shoots. Regrowth in partially defoliated plants was limited because of a delay in any substantial precipitation until relatively late in the growing season and the mature stage of plant development at the time of defoliation. There were no differences in Pn between partially defoliated and control plants 4 d after defoliation but on days 18 and 34, Pn rates of defoliated plants were 35% higher than for leaves of similar age on control plants. However, significant differences between treatments did not occur until midday when incident solar radiation was greatest. Daily integrated solar radiation penetration within the canopy of defoliated and control plants averaged 66% and 32%, respectively, of the total irradiance received in the open. The simultaneous direct effects of defoliation and indirect effects of increased irradiance levels within the canopy of partially defoliated plants may have contributed concurrently to the compensatory photosynthesis. Compensatory photosynthesis evident in this study was not due to changes in conductance or improvements in plant water status. There were no differences between treatments in leaf conductance but, on all three sample days, leaf water potentials of partially defoliated plants were 20%-30% more negative than those of control plants. Results of this study indicate that compensatory photosynthesis may be a common response in defoliated range grasses despite the suboptimal environmental conditions common in the field. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0006-8071 J9 BOT GAZ PD SEP PY 1991 VL 152 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1086/337890 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HA010 UT WOS:A1991HA01000004 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG WILLIAMS, JL HARMON, CW RINDERER, TE MORRIS, HF AF DANKA, RG WILLIAMS, JL HARMON, CW RINDERER, TE MORRIS, HF TI DOSES AND RESIDUES OF ACEPHATE BAITS USED TO ERADICATE UNDESIRABLE HONEY-BEES - A HAZARD ASSESSMENT SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; COLONIES C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,HARRY D WILSON FEED & FERTILIZER LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 47 IS 3 BP 422 EP 427 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GA390 UT WOS:A1991GA39000016 PM 1768959 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, J DAWSONHUGHES, B AF JOHNSON, J DAWSONHUGHES, B TI PRECISION AND STABILITY OF DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; PRECISION; STABILITY ID PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; LUMBAR SPINE; BONE; RADIOGRAPHY; DENSITY AB This study was performed to determine the precision and stability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements, to compare bone mineral density (BMD) of subjects measured by DEXA and radionuclide dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), and to evaluate different absorber materials for use with an external standard. Short-term precision (% coefficient of variation, CV) was determined in 6 subjects scanned six times each with repositioning, initially and 9 months later. Mean CV was 1.04% for spine and 2.13% for femoral neck BMD; for whole-body measurements in 5 subjects, mean CV was 0.64% for BMD, 2.2% for fat, and 1.05% for lean body mass. Precision of aluminum phantom measurements made over a 9-month period was 0.89% with the phantom in 15.2 cm, 0.88% in 20.3 cm, and 1.42% in 27.9 cm of water. In 51 subjects, BMD by DEXA and DPA was correlated for the spine (r = 0.98, P = 0.000) and femoral neck (r = 0.91, P = 0.000). Spine BMD was 4.5% lower and femoral neck BMD 3.1% higher by DEXA than by DPA. An aluminum phantom was scanned repeatedly, in both water and in an oil/water (30:70) mixture at thicknesses ranging from 15.2 through 27.9 cm. Phantom BMD was lower at 15.2 cm than at higher thicknesses of both water and oil/water (P = 0.05, ANOVA). The phantom was scanned repeatedly in 15.2, 20.3, and 27.9 cm of water over a 9 month period. In 15.2 and 20.3 cm of water, phantom BMD did not vary significantly whereas in 27.9 cm of water (equivalent to a human over 30 cm thick), phantom BMD increased 2.3% (P = 0.01) over the 9 months. RP JOHNSON, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 14 TC 183 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 49 IS 3 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.1007/BF02556113 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GB051 UT WOS:A1991GB05100006 PM 1933582 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JS GOFF, J AF HAYNES, JS GOFF, J TI DISTRIBUTION OF TYPE-X COLLAGEN IN TIBIOTARSI OF BROILER-CHICKENS WITH VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE TYPE-X COLLAGEN; RICKETS ID AVIAN TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CHONDROCYTES; CARTILAGE AB Type X collagen is a significant component of the extracellular matrix of the hypertrophic zone of physeal cartilage, but its precise role in endochondral ossification has not been determined. The concentration of type X collagen increases in physeal cartilage in chicks with vitamin D deficiency. The purpose of our study was to determine whether defective endochondral ossification due to vitamin D deficiency was associated with abnormalities in the distribution of type X collagen in the proximal tibiotarsus of chicks. To accomplish this, we induced vitamin D deficiency in broiler chicks and sequentially evaluated the pattern of type X collagen immunoreactivity in the proximal tibiotarsus using a monoclonal antibody specific for chicken type X collagen. Type X collagen immunoreactivity was present in the matrix of the prehypertrophic zone, hypertrophic zone, cartilage cores of the primary spongiosa, and within the chondrocytes of the prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic zones in vitamin D-deficient and D-replete chicks. However, rachitic chicks exhibited two consistent differences in type X collagen immunoreactivity: hypertrophic chondrocytes in the late hypertrophic zone and primary spongiosa contained intracellular type X collagen; and type X collagen was concentrated into laminated aggregates in the pericellular and territorial matrices in the late hypertrophic zone and primary spongiosa. We conclude from these findings that (1) normal serum concentrations of 1,25(OHD)2D3 and 25OHD3 are not required for type X collagen production; (2) type X collagen production does not decrease in the most mature zones of the physes in chicks with vitamin D deficiency; and (3) newly secreted type X collagen accumulates in the pericellular and territorial matrices of the late hypertrophic zone and primary spongiosa of rachitic chicks, perhaps because it is not readily incorporated into the interterritorial matrix. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP HAYNES, JS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 49 IS 3 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1007/BF02556116 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GB051 UT WOS:A1991GB05100009 PM 1933585 ER PT J AU DEGROOT, P DEBARR, GL BIRGERSSON, GO PIERCE, HD BORDEN, JH BERISFORD, YC BERISFORD, CW AF DEGROOT, P DEBARR, GL BIRGERSSON, GO PIERCE, HD BORDEN, JH BERISFORD, YC BERISFORD, CW TI EVIDENCE FOR A FEMALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE IN THE WHITE-PINE CONE BEETLE, CONOPHTHORUS-CONIPERDA (SCHWARZ), AND IN THE RED PINE-CONE BEETLE, C-RESINOSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Evidence for a female-produced sex pheromone in the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), and the red pine cone beetle, C. resinosae Hopkins, was obtained from laboratory bioassays and field experiments conducted with C. coniperda beetles from Ontario and North Carolina. In an olfactometer, males from both species responded significantly more to volatiles from females than to volatiles from males or cones. Generally, females did not differ in their response to female-, male-, or cone-produced volatiles. Both sexes responded to host volatiles. The strong response by male C. coniperda to females was confirmed in field tests. C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CTR PEST MANAGEMENT,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHEM ECOL,S-41320 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. RP DEGROOT, P (reprint author), FORESTRY CANADA,INST FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,BOX 490,SAULT ST MARIE P6A 5M7,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1064 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN006 UT WOS:A1991GN00600007 ER PT J AU BENTZ, BJ LOGAN, JA AMMAN, GD AF BENTZ, BJ LOGAN, JA AMMAN, GD TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) AND SIMULATION OF ITS PHENOLOGY SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; DISTRIBUTION MODEL; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY AB Temperature-dependent development of the egg, larval, and pupal life-stages of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) was described using data from constant-temperature laboratory experiments. A phenology model describing the effect of temperature on the temporal distribution of the life-stages was developed using these data. Phloem temperatures recorded in a beetle-infested lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas) were used as input to run the model. Results from model simulations suggest that inherent temperature thresholds in each life-stage help to synchronize population dynamics with seasonal climatic changes. This basic phenological information and the developed model will facilitate both research and management endeavors aimed at reducing losses in lodgepole pine stands caused by mountain pine beetle infestations. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP BENTZ, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,OGDEN,UT 84401, USA. NR 27 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 33 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1094 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN006 UT WOS:A1991GN00600010 ER PT J AU ZHAO, X GROENEWEGEN, PP MCBRIDE, BW BURTON, JH ELSASSER, TH AF ZHAO, X GROENEWEGEN, PP MCBRIDE, BW BURTON, JH ELSASSER, TH TI RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I IN BOVINE-MILK SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MILK; IGF-I; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; COWS ID BINDING-PROTEINS; SOMATOMEDIN-C; HORMONE; COLOSTRUM; SERUM AB This experiment was designed (1) to study the effectiveness of acid-ethanol extraction and gly-gly HC1 incubation to dissociate the IGF-binding protein complex before IGF-I RIA measurements in bovine milk, and (2) to determine the influence of freezing/thawing and defatting of milk samples on IGF-I concentration of milk. Acidification of milk with acid-ethanol (acid-ETOH) liberated more IGF-I from its binding proteins than with gly-gly HC1. Milk samples obtained from three control cows and three rbST-treated cows (41-44 wk postpartum) were treated with acid-ethanol and assayed by a radio-immunoassay. IGF-I concentrations in the milk were 3.30 +/- 1.40 for the control cows and 2.77 +/- 1.36 ng mL-1 for the rbST-treated cows. Fat removal before or after freezing did not affect milk IGF-I measurements. The milk concentration of IGF-I after freezing/thawing twice was not different from that after freezing/thawing once. The radioimmunoassay resulting from this study should provide a tool for monitoring IGF-I concentrations in milk throughout the entire lactation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ZHAO, X (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Zhao, Xin/M-4312-2015 OI Zhao, Xin/0000-0002-1078-7332 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 71 IS 3 BP 669 EP 674 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GT382 UT WOS:A1991GT38200007 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, JC AF CHAMBERS, JC TI PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN A PERENNIAL TUNDRA FORB (GEUM-ROSSII) - EFFECTS OF CLONE AREA AND NEIGHBORHOOD SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE GEUM-ROSSII; ALPINE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; GROWTH; CLONE AREA; PATTERN ANALYSIS; SUCCESSION; NEIGHBORHOOD ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; SOLIDAGO-CANADENSIS; PLANTS; INTEGRATION; POPULATIONS; BIOLOGY; GENETS; RAMETS; SEED AB The relationships of clone area and neighborhood to ramet size, reproductive effort, and spatial distribution within Geum rossii clones were studied in an alpine ecosystem on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana. Clones growing on an early seral site in relative isolation were compared to clones on a late seral site within dense, heterogeneous neighborhoods. Individual clones of G. rossii required a minimum clone area of about 200 cm2 before maximum ramet size and reproductive effort were achieved. Mean ramet size and reproductive effort were fairly constant among clones larger than 200 cm2 on both the early and later seral sites. Within clones the size and reproductive effort of ramets were positively related. Pattern analysis revealed that ramets became more widely and irregularly spaced as clone area increased on the early seral site. This may have been a geometric function of an increase in the space required as clones aged and became larger. On the late seral site, clones were characterized by ramets that were widely and erratically spaced, that had low leaf numbers and mass, and that had low reproductive effort. For clones of comparable area on the early seral site, ramets were more closely and uniformly spaced, and leaf number, mass, and reproduction per ramet were higher. Conservative patterns of growth and reproduction make G. rossii well suited to dominate in dense, heterogeneous neighborhoods of late seral sites and to colonize mineral soils of early seral sites. Similar to other clonal species, site characteristics and the type of neighborhood determine the trade-off between the physical occupation of space and the allocation to ramet growth and reproduction in G. rossii. RP CHAMBERS, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1977 EP 1983 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GP552 UT WOS:A1991GP55200012 ER PT J AU CROW, TR MROZ, GD GALE, MR AF CROW, TR MROZ, GD GALE, MR TI REGROWTH AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATIONS FOLLOWING WHOLE-TREE HARVESTING OF A MAPLE OAK FOREST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; BRACKEN; LOSSES AB The rates of biomass and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg accumulations were measured in a mixed hardwood-Haplorthod ecosystem following whole-tree harvesting and compared with preharvest conditions. Stand biomass and net primary production averaged 150.7 Mg/ha and 7.3 Mg.ha-1.year-1, respectively, in the preharvest forest. An estimated 100 Mg/ha of biomass was removed in a commercial whole-tree harvesting operation during the dormant season. Regrowth during the 4 years after harvest was categorized into the following floristic groups: woody plants, woodland herbaceous species that were part of the preharvest forest, early successional species that colonized the site after harvest, and graminoids. Woodland herbaceous and woody species dominated the recovery vegetation and together accounted for more than 70% of the nutrients captured by vegetation throughout the postharvest measurement period. Extensive clonal structures for many woody species and two common woodland herbaceous species, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and Aster macrophyllus L., resulted in their rapid recovery. Rapid growth along with high nutrient concentrations (especially K for woodland herbs) provided effective mechanisms for conserving nutrients following disturbance. After the first growing season following whole-tree harvesting, 44% of the total aboveground dry weight was in woody vegetation, 46% in woodlands herbs, 9% in early successional species, and 1% in graminoids, compared with 73, 17, 7, and 3% for the same categories by year 4. Annual rates of N, K, and Mg uptake by plants should equal or exceed their preharvest rates within 5 years after harvest; those for Ca and P take longer. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP CROW, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1305 EP 1315 DI 10.1139/x91-184 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE322 UT WOS:A1991GE32200002 ER PT J AU HOFF, RJ AF HOFF, RJ TI RESISTANCE TO WESTERN GALL RUST IN ARTIFICIALLY INOCULATED PONDEROSA PINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRONARTIUM-HARKNESSII AB Seedlings from 80 open-pollinated families of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were inoculated with western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) at the beginning of their 2nd year of growth. The overall infection level was 41%, with a family heritability of 0.76. Several resistance responses were evident, heritabilities of which ranged from moderate to high; i.e., for seedlings with no seedlings with no symptoms, the heritability value was 0.60, while for trees with bark reactions that prevented gall formation, the heritability value was 0.71. There were there such types of bark reactions, for which heritability values were 0.36, 0.58, and 0.60. Heritability values of 0.38, 0.41, and 0.45 were found for trees with dead galls, rust-killed trees, and rate of gall appearance, respectively. Resistance of ponderosa pine to western gall rust is not only high but highly variable and exhibits a rich assortment of resistance reactions that probably account for the low level of gall-rust damage. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining resistance in ponderosa pine tree-improvement programs. RP HOFF, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1316 EP 1320 DI 10.1139/x91-185 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE322 UT WOS:A1991GE32200003 ER PT J AU PATTON, RL JENSEN, KF SCHIER, GA AF PATTON, RL JENSEN, KF SCHIER, GA TI RESPONSES OF RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS TO OZONE AND ACID DEPOSITION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; 5 SOILS; GROWTH; DECLINE; RAIN; PINE; PRECIPITATION; ASSIMILATION; SYMPTOMS; DIOXIDE AB Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings were treated with ozone and simulated acid precipitation to determine the effects of these pollutants on growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and foliar mineral content. One-year-old seedlings were fumigated with ozone (at 0.15-mu-L/L for 6 h/d or at 0.15-mu-L/L for 6 h/d plus 0.07-mu-L/L for 18 h/d) and treated with simulated precipitation (pH 3.5, 4.0, or 4.5) for up to 28 weeks. Seedlings were harvested at 7-week intervals. Ozone had no effect on growth, and precipitation acidity affected only terminal length. Carbohydrate pools were altered little by the ozone and precipitation treatments. Of eight minerals tested, only Ca was affected by precipitation acidity and only P and Cu were affected by ozone. The results of this experiment show that red spruce seedlings that receive ample supplies of water and nutrients are tolerant to ozone and changes in precipitation acidity. RP PATTON, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1354 EP 1359 DI 10.1139/x91-191 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE322 UT WOS:A1991GE32200009 ER PT J AU KALDY, MS RUBENTHALER, GI KERELIUK, GR BERHOW, MA VANDERCOOK, CE AF KALDY, MS RUBENTHALER, GI KERELIUK, GR BERHOW, MA VANDERCOOK, CE TI RELATIONSHIPS OF SELECTED FLOUR CONSTITUENTS TO BAKING QUALITY IN SOFT WHITE WHEAT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION; RAPID METHOD; PENTOSANS; PRODUCTS; WINTER AB Selected constituents of soft white wheat flour samples from various locations were examined and related to baking quality in order to identify those constituents that are associated with end-use quality. Among the selected constituents, the pentosan fractions were found to be inversely correlated with baking quality. Soluble and enzyme-extractable pentosans were negatively associated with cookie diameter. Cake volume was negatively associated with soluble, enzyme-extractable, and total pentosans. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP KALDY, MS (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,LETHBRIDGE T1J 4B1,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 508 EP 512 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GH778 UT WOS:A1991GH77800013 ER PT J AU FENG, GH CHEN, MS KRAMER, KJ REECK, GR AF FENG, GH CHEN, MS KRAMER, KJ REECK, GR TI ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORS FROM RICE - FRACTIONATION AND SELECTIVITY TOWARD INSECT, MAMMALIAN, AND BACTERIAL ALPHA-AMYLASES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYSTEINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; PURIFICATION; BRAN; ELECTROPHORESIS; SYSTEM; WHEAT AB Rice, a cereal grain in which proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors have not been well characterized, was found to contain amylase activity and numerous proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors. Inhibitory activity in crude extracts was best detected after the extracts were heated to inactivate the endogenous amylase activity. A relatively simple procedure was developed to extract alpha-amylase inhibitors from rice. Rice flour was extracted with 0.15M NaCl, and the crude extract was heated at 70-degrees-C for 20 min. A portion of the heat-soluble protein was then precipitated by adding ammonium sulfate to a concentration of 1.8M. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the ammonium sulfate precipitate was composed of relatively small proteins with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 14 kDa. With two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the ammonium sulfate fraction was resolved into at least eight proteins, most with pIs between 8 and 9. Further separation was done by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). More than 17 protein peaks were resolved. Individual HPLC fractions were assayed for inhibitory activities toward a group of insect (rice weevil, red flour beetle, confused flour beetle, and yellow mealworm), mammalian (human salivary and porcine pancreatic), and bacterial (Bacillus) alpha-amylases. The results showed that 13 of the HPLC fractions examined contained inhibitors of one or more of the alpha-amylase tested. Several fractions were selective toward insect alpha-amylases. Some inhibited only one of the four insect alpha-amylases, whereas others inhibited both insect and mammalian alpha-amylases. None of the fractions inhibited the bacterial alpha-amylase. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,WILLARD HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GH778 UT WOS:A1991GH77800015 ER PT J AU WU, YV BERGQUIST, RR AF WU, YV BERGQUIST, RR TI RELATION OF CORN GRAIN DENSITY TO YIELDS OF DRY-MILLING PRODUCTS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HARDNESS AB Grain density of corn is positively correlated with yields of certain dry-milled fractions. Grain hardness of corn determined by density correlated positively with yields of total grits and with second- plus third-break grits (P < 0.01), and negatively with yields of degerminator fines, low-fat flour, high-fat flour, and total flour (P < 0.01). Grain density and percent moisture were found to be negatively correlated. C1 PFISTER HYBRID CORN CO,EL PASO,IL 61738. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 542 EP 544 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GH778 UT WOS:A1991GH77800020 ER PT J AU WHITE, RE AF WHITE, RE TI REVALIDATION OF 2 SPECIES OF AMERICAN LEMA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP WHITE, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOLOGY LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3 BP 270 EP 272 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM148 UT WOS:A1991GM14800008 ER PT J AU PANTONE, DJ BAKER, JB AF PANTONE, DJ BAKER, JB TI WEED-CROP COMPETITION MODELS AND RESPONSE-SURFACE ANALYSIS OF RED RICE COMPETITION IN CULTIVATED RICE - A REVIEW SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ALTERNATIVE APPROACH; MIXTURE EXPERIMENTS; ORYZA-SATIVA; INTERFERENCE; DENSITY; POPULATIONS; PLANTS AB Models that predict crop yield based on crop and weed densities are valuable for estimating yield losses and devising weed control strategies. Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1989 to evaluate a model describing the competitive interaction between red rice (Oryza sativa L.), a weedy variety, and the commercial cultivar, Mars. The response-surface model consisted of nonlinear yield-density equations where average per-plant yield was the dependent variable and the densities of the competing plant varieties were the independent variables. Yield was measured as both grain yield and the number of seeds. The model predicted the maximum yield of an isolated plant, the area associated with the maximum yield per plant, and competitive ability. Each year, the predicted maximum yield of an isolated red rice plant was greater than that for Mars. Similarly, the parameter describing the area associated with maximum yield per plant was larger for red rice. Red rice was the dominant competitor; the model indicated that it took approximately three Mars plants to have the same effect on the grain yield of Mars as only one red rice plant. With respect to red rice, competition was primarily with plants of the same variety, whereas for Mars, competition with plants of the other variety was more important. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP PANTONE, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1105 EP 1110 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300003 ER PT J AU LEHMANN, JW CLARK, RL FREY, KJ AF LEHMANN, JW CLARK, RL FREY, KJ TI BIOMASS HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MATINGS OF GRAIN AMARANTHS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MALE-STERILITY; AVENA-SATIVA; GENETICS; SELECTION; CROSSES; INDEX; YIELD AB To develop a practical foundation for breeding higher-yielding grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.), 32 amaranth accessions from the World Germplasm Collection were hybridized to produce 87 F1's, which were subsequently evaluated for biomass heterosis and combining ability in three factorial mating designs. On average, interspecific matings of A. cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L., in comparison with their parents, produced highly significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) biomass increases. When crossed with A. cruentus African vegetable accessions as females, male parents of both species showed significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) general combining ability (GCA). Mid-parent heterosis for biomass ranged from -13 to 88% and high-parent heterosis ranged from -24 to 40%. Late flowering of interspecific matings was associated with larger biomass yields. Preliminary experiments utilizing intraspecific matings within both A. hypochondriacus and A. cruentus gave no indication of high-parent heterosis. Interspecific hybridization seems to be a promising way to increase biomass productivity of Amaranthus spp. for use as forage, energy feedstock, or a vegetable. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP LEHMANN, JW (reprint author), INST DEV AMARANTH PROD INC,POB 125,BRICELYN,MN 56014, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1116 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300004 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE KUYKENDALL, LD ONEILL, JJ AF DEVINE, TE KUYKENDALL, LD ONEILL, JJ TI NODULATION INTERACTION OF THE SOYBEAN ALLELE RJ2 WITH ASIATIC ISOLATES OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN AB The dominant allele Rj2 in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., restricts nodulation with Bradyhizobium japonicum (Jordan) strains USDA 7, USDA 14, and USDA 122, while the recessive allele rj2 permits normal nodulation. To determine the frequency of nodulation restriction by the Rj2 allele of soybean, 89 bradyrhizobial isolates from Asia were tested in Leonard jar culture for nodulation response with near isogenic plant lines differing at the Rj2 locus. Fifty-one percent of the isolates tested elicited the nodulation restriction of the Rj2 allele. No geographic pattern in the occurrence of Rj2-restricted strains was discerned. Nearly half (47%) of the isolates restricted by the Rj2 allele were from Serogroup 6. Twenty-one of 25 Serogroup 6 strains were restricted by the Rj2 allele. Since some strains in Serogroup 6 were not restricted by the Rj2 allele and some strains not in Serogroup 6 were restricted, specific serological reaction per se is not essential or necessary for eliciting the action of the Rj2 allele. It appears that the Rj2 rejection is not as related to serotype as had been assumed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NITROGEN FIXAT & SOYBEAN GENET LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1131 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300008 ER PT J AU MARTIN, JM BLAKE, TK HOCKETT, EA AF MARTIN, JM BLAKE, TK HOCKETT, EA TI DIVERSITY AMONG NORTH-AMERICAN SPRING BARLEY CULTIVARS BASED ON COEFFICIENTS OF PARENTAGE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY AB Maintenance of genetic diversity is an important safeguard against vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. The coefficients of parentage, r, among cultivars computed from known pedigree information can be used as an index of genetic diversity. Because of the emphasis placed on developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars for the malting and brewing industry, it seemed likely that barley may have a narrower gene pool than other crop species where less emphasis has been placed on quality traits. Our objective was to examine the diversity among North American spring barley cultivars and the contribution of major ancestors to the two- and six-rowed barley gene pools using the coefficient of parentage as an index of diversity. Coefficients of parentage were computed for all pairs of 167 spring barley cultivars. Mean r with major ancestors was computed for cultivars categorized by row type and era of release. A cluster analysis, performed on the coefficient of parentage matrix, produced 30 disjoint clusters. The five ancestors with highest mean r with cultivars contributed 45 and 62% of the germplasm to the early and recent two-rowed cultivars and 52 and 44% of the germplasm pool in the six-rowed cultivars for the two respective time periods. Mean r within the two- and six-rowed cultivars was 0.11 and 0.10, respectively. Mean r within cultivars increased 180% in the two-rowed and 36% in the six-rowed cultivar groups from the early to recent cultivar groups. Cultivar groups formed by the cluster analysis produced mean within-cluster r values ranging from 0.29 to 0.57. Principal coordinate analysis of the between cluster matrix showed that the two- and six-rowed gene pools are essentially unrelated. Major six-rowed malting cultivars grouped into two clusters and the major two-rowed malting cultivars grouped into one cluster. These results show that malting barley cultivars are based on a limited sample of germplasm. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP MARTIN, JM (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 15 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1137 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300009 ER PT J AU TINIUS, CN BURTON, JW CARTER, TE AF TINIUS, CN BURTON, JW CARTER, TE TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR SEED SIZE IN SOYBEAN .1. RESPONSE TO SELECTION IN REPLICATE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN; OIL AB Seed size is an important component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the response to recurrent mass selection for increased seed size on male-sterile (MS) plants, examine the indirect response on seed size and seed yield of derived male-fertile (MF) plants, and evaluate the repeatability of selection response across replicate populations. Plant germplasm was developed from the intermating population N79-1500, which segregates for male sterility. The base population was divided into three replicate subpopulations and MS plants were selected for large seed size in each separately. After four cycles of selection in two of the subpopulations and three cycles in the third, composites of the parents of each cycle were tested at four locations in North Carolina for 2 yr. There was a significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) increase in both MS and MF seed size for all subpopulations; the rate of increase in MS seed size was approximately twice that of MF seeds. The increase in mean MF seed size was associated with an increase in the frequency of seeds in the larger size classes and a decrease among the smaller classes. Seed yield increased linearly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) for two of the subpopulations at rates of 46 +/- 18 and 78 +/- 27 kg ha-1 cycle-1. The third showed a nonsignificant increase (17 +/- 19 kg ha-1 cycle-1). Recurrent mass selection for increased seed size facilitated by genetic male sterility may be an effective adjunct in a conventional breeding program to increase the yield potential of populations yet require only slightly more resources. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,3127 LIGON ST,BOX 7631,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. ASGROW SEED CO,BOX 210,MARION,AR 72364. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1137 EP 1141 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300010 ER PT J AU TOFTE, JE SMITH, RR GRAU, CR AF TOFTE, JE SMITH, RR GRAU, CR TI SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES IN RED-CLOVER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is known to be a moderate host for Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. Recently, an isolate of A. euteiches (Ae-572) was observed to be highly virulent on red clover. This research was conducted to determine inheritance of, and select for, resistance to A. euteiches in red clover using an inoculated seedling assay. Resistant and susceptible red clover plants were intercrossed to study the inheritance of resistance. Frequency distributions of resistant and susceptible F1 plants indicated that resistance to A. euteiches is inherited as a quantitative trait. Three cycles of selection for resistance to A. euteiches in red clover resulted in significant improvement in resistance from the original selected population (Cycle 0 = 3.64 mean disease severity index (DSI); Cycle 3 = 2.43 mean DSI). Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high enough (h(n)2 = 51% for Cycle 3) to assure that a recurrent selection program utilizing family selection could be used to improve red clover populations for resistance to A. euteiches. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP TOFTE, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1144 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300011 ER PT J AU MCVEY, DV AF MCVEY, DV TI REACTION OF A GROUP OF RELATED WHEAT SPECIES (AABB GENOME AND AN AABBDD) TO STEM RUST SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION-TYPE DATA; TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; UNITED-STATES; LEAF RUST; RESISTANCE; GENES; RACES; RECONDITA AB Accessions of spring habit Triticum spp. with genomes AABB and T. sphaerococcum Percival (genomes AABBDD) were surveyed to characterize their reaction to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.). Because of the dearth of information in the literature on the reaction of these species to stem rust, the objectives of this study were to screen the accessions for possible new sources of resistance to stem rust, and to postulate the identify of known genes and the minimum number of unknown genes for resistance to stem rust among accessions of each species. Infection-type data from seedlings of 164 introductions of the USDA National Small Grains Collection artificially infected with 35 isolates of P. graminis tritici were categorized as either low or high infection type. A boxing program based on the gene-for-gene concept was used to identify corresponding resistance/avirulence gene pairs. In the combined AABB genomic groups, only 2 of a possible 28 known Sr genes, Sr9f and SrMCN, were among the 35 distinct Sr genes postulated. The other 33 Sr genes were associated with reaction patterns not previously identified. Six accessions were resistant to all isolates and several accessions were resistant to the present prevalent races of the stem rust pathogen in North America. Based on the acessions evaluated, T. sphaerococcum is a poor source of Sr genes for resistance to stem rust. RP MCVEY, DV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1149 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300012 ER PT J AU KOLAR, SC HAYES, PM CHEN, THH LINDERMAN, RG AF KOLAR, SC HAYES, PM CHEN, THH LINDERMAN, RG TI GENOTYPIC VARIATION FOR COLD TOLERANCE IN WINTER AND FACULTATIVE BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VERNALIZATION REQUIREMENT; FREEZING TOLERANCE; WHEAT; HARDINESS AB Improved winter survival of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) may be achieved by developing genotypes that maintain an acceptable level of cold tolerance despite fluctuations in air soil temperature. The cold tolerance of eight winter and facultative barley cultivars, a spring barley and a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was measured in controlled freeze tests of field-grown material. The temperature lethal to 50% of each genotype population (LT50) was calculated from survival data. The LT50 values for each genotype were determined at multiple sampling dates at two locations over a 2-yr period. Sampling dates were considered environments and these data were used to identify genotypes showing stable, or full-season, cold tolerance. Genotypes were grouped according to patterns of comparable LT50 response across the six environments. The significant genotype group X environment interaction detected in the analysis of groups and environments was due to changes in magnitude of response rather than changes of rank. Averaged across all environments. 'Norstar' winter wheat was significantly more cold tolerant than the barely germplasm, and there was little variation for cold tolerance among winter barley genotypes. Winter barley cultivars were more cold tolerant than facultative cultivars. Two joint regression stability parameters, the regression coefficient (b) and squared deviations from regression (s(d)2), revealed genotypic variation for full-season cold tolerance. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HORT CROP RES LAB,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HORT CROP RES LAB,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1152 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300013 ER PT J AU BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE AF BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOTETRAPLOID RUSSIAN WILDRYE PRODUCED WITH NITROUS-OXIDE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Poor seedling vigor is a major factor limiting widespread use of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski] (2n = 2x = 14) as complementary pasture. Induced polyploidy has been shown to increase plant vigor, particularly seeding vigor, of other diploid species. Objectives of this study were to produce autotetraploids in Russian wildrye using the N2O technique and to ascertain meiotic stability and seedling vigor of induced autotetraploids. Spikes were hand emasculated, pollinated, and treated with N2O at 0.5 MPa pressure from 20 to 44 h after pollination. Putative diploid and autotetraploid progeny were identified from measurements of stoma length, stoma frequency, and pollen grain diameter. Ploidy classification was verified by chromosome counts from microsporocytes. Fifty-two progeny were obtained from nine crosses, but only 21 were autotetraploid. One plant was aneuploid, with 29 chromosomes. An average of 0.47 trivalent and 1.96 quadrivalent chromosome configurations were observed per cell at metaphase I, indicating the absence or inactivity of genetic factor(s) conditioning bivalent pairing. Seed set averaged 30 and 27% for diploids and autotetraploids, respectively. Emergence from a 5.0-cm planting depth in a greenhouse test, a measure of seedling vigor, averaged a significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) 13% higher for autotetraploids than diploids. Nitrous oxide treatment of Russian wildrye resulted in meiotically stable autotetraploid selections with progenies that were superior in seedling emergence to diploid checks. C1 USDA,ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BERDAHL, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1155 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300014 ER PT J AU YOUNG, BA AF YOUNG, BA TI HERITABILITY OF RESISTANCE TO SEED SHATTERING IN KLEINGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Seed shattering and nonuniformity of seed ripening in kleingrass, Panicum coloratum (L.), reduce the quantity of harvestable seed and contribute to diminished seed quality. In this study two populations were derived from an accession of kleingrass (PI 410177) that has superior seed retention. The objective was to determine the heritability of seed retention and the feasibility of developing improved germplasm from these populations. Variation for seed retention (SR) was demonstrated in these populations using a laboratory procedure for measuring SR. Culms were excised from field-grown plants after pollination, placed in water, and brought to a greenhouse to allow the seed to mature. After 35 d the inflorescences were uniformly agitated and the degree of SR determined. The heritability of SR was measured using parent-offspring regression. Narrow-sense heritabilities were similar and low in both populations (0.38 and 0.40), and genotype x environment interactions were a large component of the total variation. This suggests that improvement of seed shattering resistance will be slow and will require replicated testing in multiple environments per cycle of recurrent selection. RP YOUNG, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1156 EP 1158 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300015 ER PT J AU NICKELL, AD WILCOX, JR CAVINS, JF AF NICKELL, AD WILCOX, JR CAVINS, JF TI GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LOCI CONTROLLING PALMITIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INHERITANCE; MUTANT; OIL AB Three mutagen-derived soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines have been identified with unique levels of fatty acids. Levels of linolenic acid (18:3) in C1640 and palmitic acid (16:0) in C1726 and C1727 are controlled by alleles with additive effects at three loci. If these loci are independent, soybean strains could be developed with unique and useful combinations of both linolenic and palmitic acids. The primary objective of this study was to determine the genetic relationships between loci controlling levels of palmitic acid and the locus controlling linolenic acid. Additionally, effects of altered levels of linolenic and palmitic acids on total fatty acid composition were determined. Fatty acid composition of F2 seeds from crosses of C1640 (low 18:3) with both C1726 (low 16:0) and C1727 (high 16:0) were determined by gas chromatography. Chi-square analyses of the data demonstrated that the fan locus controlling low 18:3 was inherited independently from both the fap1 and fap2 loci controlling low and high levels of 16:0, respectively. There was no indication of an interaction among alleles at these loci. The decreases in palmitic acid due to fap1 and increases due to fap2 were associated primarily with changes in oleic and linoleic acids. Decreases in linolenic acid due to fan were associated primarily with increases in linoleic acid. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,NAT CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP NICKELL, AD (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1171 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300018 ER PT J AU TAHARA, M GUENZI, AC READ, JJ CARVER, BF JOHNSON, RC AF TAHARA, M GUENZI, AC READ, JJ CARVER, BF JOHNSON, RC TI QUANTIFICATION OF ABSCISIC-ACID IN WHEAT LEAF TISSUE BY DIRECT ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EMBRYOS; CEREAL; LEAVES AB The plant growth hormone abscisic acid (ABA) modulates plant responses and adaptations to environmental stress. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure which would facilitate broadscale screening of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) germ-plasm in which ABA content or rate of accumulation in leaf tissue is the selection criterion. The effects of extraction time, C18 reverse-phase chromatography, solvent volatilization, and dilution of sample extract on quantification of ABA by direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were investigated. Results showed that complete volatilization of extraction solvent did not affect ABA determination. Extraction of ABA from wheat leaves, using 800 mL L-1 methanol (MeOH), was complete after 24 h. Interference to EIA due to MeOH was eliminated when MeOH was diluted to less-than-or-equal-to 80 mL L-1. No apparent inhibitors to EIA were detected by a parallelism test of dilution curves or by partial purification of leaf extract using C18 reverse-phase chromatography. Simplified and effective procedures are proposed which facilitate the preparation of a large number of leaf samples at minimal expense and labor without sacrificing accuracy of ABA estimation. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NIPPON STEEL INC,DIV BIOTECHNOL,CHIYODA KU,TOKYO,JAPAN. USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1189 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300022 ER PT J AU SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME AF SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME TI MAIZE KERNEL SET AT LOW WATER POTENTIAL .1. SENSITIVITY TO REDUCED ASSIMILATES DURING EARLY KERNEL GROWTH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DROUGHT STRESS; DRY-MATTER; GRAIN FILL; YIELD; POLLEN; SILK; CARBOHYDRATE; SENESCENCE; COMPONENTS AB Plant water deficits during flowering and early kernel growth reduce the yield potential of maize (Zea mays L.) by decreasing kernel number per ear. Our objective was to determine if zygotic abortion, which increases in water-deficient plants, is caused by a decrease in assimilate supply to the ear. Plants were grown in soil/sand media in a controlled environment. Beginning at silk emergence and continuing for 3 wk after pollination, leaf photosynthesis was inhibited almost-equal-to 50% (moderate) or 100% (severe) by withholding water (water-deficit treatment) or decreasing light intensity (low-light treatment). Silk water potential (psi-w) at pollination was about -0.7 and -1.1 MPa in the moderate and severe water-deficit treatments, compared to about -0.4 MPa in well-watered plants. Mean kernel number per ear was 581 in control plants and was decreased 48 and 99% by the moderate and severe water-deficit treatments, respectively. In the corresponding low-light treatments, kernel number was decreased 40 and 100%. Thus, losses in kernel number pe ear reflected the relative inhibition of photosynthesis during early kernel growth, regardless of plant water status. Compared to controls, the water-deficit and low-light treatments decreased partitioning of dry matter, carbohydrates, and reduced N to the kernels. However, carbohydrates continued to accumulate immediately after pollination in the stalk and leaf tissue. This suggests that some stalk and leaf reserves were unavailable to support early kernel growth at low psi-w. Collectively, these data indicate that early kernel development is highly dependent on a continued supply of carbohydrates from concurrent photosynthesis. Water deficits increase the probability of developmental failure by limiting this supply. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1195 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300023 ER PT J AU SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME AF SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME TI MAIZE KERNEL SET AT LOW WATER POTENTIAL .2. SENSITIVITY TO REDUCED ASSIMILATES AT POLLINATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; DROUGHT STRESS; GRAIN-YIELD; GROWTH; CARBOHYDRATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REPRODUCTION; COMPONENTS; ANTHESIS; ABORTION AB Plant water deficits at pollination decrease kernel set in maize. An important component of this kernel loss is developmental failure after fertilization. This study was undertaken to determine if zygotic abortion in water-deficient plants results primarily from a decrease in assimilate supply during the critical period around pollination. Plants were grown in soil/sand media in a controlled environment, and photosynthesis was inhibited by water-deficit or low-light treatments. Plants were hand-pollinated when silk water potential of control, low-light, and water-deficient plants was -0.4, -0.4, and -1.0 MPa, respectively. Corresponding leaf water potentials were -0.3, -0.3, and -1.7 MPa. The water deficit decreased ovary water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor by 0.6, 0.3, and 0.3 MPa, respectively, compared with values in well-watered plants. Treatments were terminated 2 d after pollination, and leaf photosynthesis recovered to control values within 24 h. Kernel numbers per ear were 598 +/- 17 for control, 222 +/- 72 for low light, and 15 +/- 6 for water-deficit treatments. The brief inhibition of photosynthesis had little impact on C and N accumulation in vegetative sinks, but severly reduced assimilate movement to reproductive sinks. At pollination, concentrations (mg g-1 dry wt.) of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in ovaries were similar for all treatments. The high levels of these soluble sugars in both setting and aborting ovaries suggests that kernel set depends on the rate of movement of assimilates into the ovaries, rather than the concentration of soluble sugars per se. Sucrose uptake by isolated ovaries was inhibited at low water potential, suggesting a direct effect of ovary water status on kernel development. The nearly complete kernel loss observed in the water-deficit plants indicates that low ovary water potential at pollination decreased kernel set beyond that which can be attributed to reduced assimilate supplies alone. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 26 TC 65 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1196 EP 1203 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300024 ER PT J AU READ, JJ JOHNSON, DA ASAY, KH TIESZEN, LL AF READ, JJ JOHNSON, DA ASAY, KH TIESZEN, LL TI CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, GAS-EXCHANGE, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY IN CRESTED WHEATGRASS CLONES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COOL-SEASON; GRASSES; YIELD; GENOTYPES; CULTIVARS; PRESSURE; DIOXIDE; LEAVES; CO2 AB Carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA) has been proposed as a criterion in selecting for water-use efficiency (WUE) in C3 crop species. This study was conducted to determine associations among DELTA, leaf instantaneous WUE (WUE(i)), and shoot WUE (WUE(s)) in clones of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes] previously selected for low, medium, and high DELTA. Nine clones (three in each DELTA class) were grown in a greenhouse in pots weighted every third day and brought to either 0.03 or 0.12 kg kg-1 gravimetric water content. Leaf gas exchange rates and water potentials were determined at 2-wk intervals until plant harvest at 12 wk. Under drought, the ranking of DELTA classes for stomatal conductance agreed with previous and present DELTA classifications, and midday leaf water potentials averaged almost-equal-to 0.4 MPa lower in the low than in the medium or high DELTA class. Shoot dry weight and DELTA decreased with drought and were correlated positively under well-watered conditions (r = 0.77*, df = 7, P < 0.05), but not under drought. Although DELTA and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration of individual clones were correlated positively at each water level, the expected differences between DELTA classes in DELTA, WUE(i), and WUE(s) were obtained only under drought. A lower DELTA in low than high DELTA class under drought was associated with greater shoot dry weight, WUE(s), and WUE(i). Across water levels, large negative correlations were found between DELTA and WUE(i) (r = -0.95**, df = 16, P < 0.01) or WUE(s) (r = -0.89**, df = 16). These results indicate that selection for low carbon isotope discrimination will improve water-use efficiency in crested wheat-grass under drought. C1 AUGUSTANA COLL,DEPT BIOL,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57197. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP READ, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1208 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300025 ER PT J AU MACKOWN, CT AF MACKOWN, CT TI LABELED-NITRATE ASSIMILATION AND N-15 EXPORT FROM LEAVES OF BURLEY TOBACCO SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; ZEA-MAYS; N-15; ACCUMULATION; AMMONIUM; GROWTH; PLANTS; ROOTS; SHOOT AB At harvest, burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves frequently contain undesirably high levels of NO3, which are usually greater in older leaves lower in the canopy than in younger leaves of the upper canopy. Substantial NO3 uptake occurs during the 4-wk period between topping (apical bud removal) and harvest. To evaluate N use characteristics of leaves differing in stalk position during this period, the 4th or 10th leaf from the top of field-grown plants received N-15-NO3 solution (99 atom % N-15). The N-15-NO3 was fed to one half of the leaf through a lateral vein in the middle of the leaf. Plants were sampled 1, 3, and 7 d later and separated by leaf position for N analysis. Xylem exudate was collected from the base of the plant at 3 and 7 d after labeling. The N-15-NO3 was readily reduced at both leaf positions. Reduced N-15 accumulation by the uppermost three leaves and stalk was greater in plants fed N-15-NO3 at the 10th leaf than at the fourth leaf position; however, the amount accumulated was samll relative to the amount of reduced N-15 retained in labeled leaves. Reduced N in the xylem exudate of plants fed N-15 at either leaf position was enriched to 0.16 and 0.078 atom % N-15 excess at 3 and 7 d, respectively. These results indicate that, after topping, both upper- and mid-canopy leaves had similar NO3-reduction capacities and a portion of the newly reduced N was cycled through the root system. Differences in leaf NO3 accumulation may be related to greater N supply and uptake during early plant growth rather than to differences in NO3 assimilation potential of leaves late in the season. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP MACKOWN, CT (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1217 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300027 ER PT J AU WU, S HARPER, JE AF WU, S HARPER, JE TI DINITROGEN FIXATION POTENTIAL AND YIELD OF HYPERNODULATING SOYBEAN MUTANTS - A FIELD-EVALUATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERRILL; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NODULATION MUTANTS; NITRATE; ABUNDANCE; ASSAY AB Soil N is a major deterrent to increased N2 fixation by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Three hypernodulating mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7) were compared with a nonnodulating mutant (NN5) and the 'Williams' parent in a field study in 1988 and 1989 to determine nodulation and agronomic response to 0 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied as urea. Nodule activity was determined by acetylene (C2H2) reduction activity of nodulated roots and relative ureide abundance in vacuum-extracted xylem sap. In the absence of N fertilizer, two years of data based on the C2H2 reduction assay indicated that all hypernodulating mutants had greater N2 fixation potential than did Williams in early growth stages. Among them, NOD1-3 had higher N2-fixing potential (about 10%) than the other two mutants. Both the relative ureide abundance assay (comparing NN5 with other lines in 1989) and the C2H2 reduction assay during the 2-yr study indicated that N2 fixation by Williams was completely inhibited by N fertilizer through the initial sampling date, while the three hypernodulating mutants showed detectable N2 fixation activity. The relative ureide abundance assay indicated that both NOD1-3 and NOD2-4 lines were more tolerant of added N fertilizer than was Williams in 1989. In the absence of N fertilizer and at later stages of plant development, N input from N2 fixation by Williams was very similar to that of the three hypernodulating mutants. Seed yields from the hypernodulating mutants were 10 to 30% less than that from Williams in both years. In general, the small differences among soybean lines in seed protein and oil concentrations in both years were not significant. Therefore, total N in harvested seed was less for the hypernodulating lines than for Williams. The results indicate that these hypernodulating mutants are currently inferior to Williams from an agronomic standpoint. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,1201 W GREGORY,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1240 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300031 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, KD VANTOAI, TT AF NEWMAN, KD VANTOAI, TT TI DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION AND ORGAN-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF SOYBEAN ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ADH1; ROOTS; ANAEROBIOSIS; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; ACID; GENE AB The Adh1 gene coding for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme is one of the most widely studied genes in plants. Some controversy exists, however, concerning the induction of ADH activity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] by flooding stress. This study showed that the induction of ADH in 5- to 21-d-old soybean seedlings by flooding was organ-specific and changed with seedling age. A single ADH isozyme was resolved by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein extracts from control and flooded soybean leaves, hypocotyls, and roots. The cotyledons of unstressed soybean contained three ADH isozymes: two were distinct, one was faintly visible. Following plant submersion, all three isozymes in the cotyledons increased in activity. RNA blot hybridization revealed the accumulation of Adh-specific transcripts in flooded soybean cotyledons and roots. A two-gene model for soybean ADH is proposed, where one gene is expressed in roots, hypocotyls, leave, and cotyledons, while the other gene is expressed only in cotyledons. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,590 WOODY HAYES DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1257 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300034 ER PT J AU SISCO, PH AF SISCO, PH TI DUPLICATIONS COMPLICATE GENETIC-MAPPING OF RF4, A RESTORER GENE FOR CMS-C CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY IN CORN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; FERTILITY RESTORATION; MAIZE; FRAGMENTS AB Previous studies of the genetics of fertility restoration for C-type cytoplasmic male sterility (cms-C) in corn (Zea mays L.) have produced conflicting results. The objective of this study was to localize the restorer gene(s) for cms-C using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Rf4, a single dominant restorer gene for cms-C found in inbred A619, was localized to Chromosome 8, almost-equal-to 2 centimorgans from an RFLP marker locus, NPI114A. The presence in corn of extensive nucleotide duplication complicated the analysis. Because the region of Chromosome 8 near Rf4 is duplicated on Chromosome 3, an additional restorer gene for cms-C may eventually be found on Chromosome 3. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SISCO, PH (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BOX 7620,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1266 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300036 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE GUSTIN, RD BECK, DL HANSON, DG AF RIEDELL, WE GUSTIN, RD BECK, DL HANSON, DG TI WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM DAMAGE - EFFECT OF TILLAGE ON PLANT-RESPONSE AND GRAIN-YIELD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; INFESTATIONS AB Corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) are the most economically destructive insect pests of corn (Zea mays L.) in the U.S. Midwest. The objective of this 2-yr field study was to measure plant response and yield under ridge tillage or spring disk tillage in fields artificially infested with western corn rootworm (D. virgifera virgifera LeConte). Corn rootworm infestations were applied at 0, 1650, 3300, or 6600 viable eggs m-1. We measured insect survival to adult, root damage rating, nodal root volume (Nodes 4 and above) at maximum insect damage, and grain yield. In 1988, which was characterized by above-normal temperature and below-normal precipitation, root damage increased (6.7 rating at 1650 eggs m-1 to 7.9 at 6600 eggs m-1) and insect survival to adult decreased (4.9% at 1650 eggs m-1 to 1.2% at 6600 eggs m-1) with increasing infestation level under both tillage systems. During the 1988 season, plants grown under ridge tillage had larger nodal root systems (17.9 mL) than under spring disk tillage (9.9 mL). Ridge-tilled plants also had greater yield (5.5 vs. 4.1 Mg ha-1 with no rootworm eggs; 4.3 vs. 3.1 with 1650 eggs m-1; and 4.1 vs. 2.2 Mg ha-1 with 3300 eggs m-1). In 1989, which had near normal temperature but below-normal precipitation during the growing season, root damage increased (from a 1.1 to 5.9 rating as the infestation level increased from 0 to 6600 eggs m-1) and insect survival to adult decreased (from 1.3 to 0.7% as the infestation level increased from 1650 to 6600 eggs m-1) under both tillage systems. Tillage practice had no effect on plant response to rootworm feeding or yield. However, the number of nodal root axes per plant (22.4) and grain yield (8.8 Mg ha-1) were increased significantly under both tillage systems infested with 6600 eggs m-1 of row (29.0 axes per plant and 10.2 Mg ha-1). These results suggest that during a hot, dry growing season, ridge tillage increased yield for unifested and rootworm-infested plants when compared with yields produced using spring disk tillage. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1297 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300042 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA WINDHAM, GL ELLSBURY, MM MCLAUGHLIN, MR PRATT, RG BRINK, GE AF PEDERSON, GA WINDHAM, GL ELLSBURY, MM MCLAUGHLIN, MR PRATT, RG BRINK, GE TI WHITE CLOVER YIELD AND PERSISTENCE AS INFLUENCED BY CYPERMETHRIN, BENOMYL, AND ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; LADINO CLOVER; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; QUALITY AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) stands commonly decline within 2 to 3 yr after establishment, due to insects, fungi, nematodes, viruses, and other factors. This study determined the effect of application of insecticide and fungicide, and infestation of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, alone and in all combinations, on white clover persistence, yield, and crude protein (CP) concentration. The insecticide was cypermethrin [(+/-)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (+/-)-cis,trans- 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and the fungicide was benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate]. 'Regal' white clover was grown on a Marietta fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrept) for 3 yr after establishment in 1986. No effects of the treatments on yield, stand, or CP were observed in 1987. In 1988 and 1989, yields were 52 to 85% greater in cypermethrin-treated plots, 12% greater (1988 only) in benomyl-treated plots, and 6 to 17% lower in M. incognita-infested plots compared with untreated plots. The number of stolons per meter was 27 to 39% greater in cypermethrin-treated plots, 20% greater (1988 only) in benomyl-treated plots, and 12 to 20% lower in M. incognita-infested plots, compared with untreated plots. All treatments had little effect on CP concentration. Fewer Sitona hispidulus Fab-larvae were found in the cypermethrin-treated than untreated plots in 1989. White clover decline in the field was not due to any synergistic interactions between the factors evaluated in this study. When stresses such as insect, fungi, nematode, or virus are present and limit white clover growth, selection for resistance to these stresses should contribute to improved stand longevity and production of white clover. RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1302 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300043 ER PT J AU HODGES, HF REDDY, VR REDDY, KR AF HODGES, HF REDDY, VR REDDY, KR TI MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION OF FRUITING COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; CROP; ENVIRONMENT; CARBON; SYSTEM; CANOPY; RATES; YIELD AB The bioregulator, mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethylpiperidinum chloride), consistently suppresses rank growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but yield responses are erractic. The objective of this study was to determine cotton plant response to mepiquat chloride (MC) at different temperatures, so that appropriate functions can be provided to the cotton crop simulation model. Cotton plant foliage was sprayed with MC at initial bloom, and maintained at four different day/night temperatures for 49 d. Carbon dioxide fluxes were measured continuously, and used to calculate photosynthetic and respiration rates. Plant components and leaf area were measured at the end of the treatment period. Mainstem growth rates and node addition rates were reduced by MC application at all temperatures. Gross photosynthesis increased linearly when the ambient air temperature increased to 30-degrees-C and declined at 40-degrees-C. Mepiquat chloride increased the canopy gross photosynthesis (Pg) within 48 h, suggesting a direct effect on photosynthesis. The increased Pg established on Day 2 persisted throughout the season at various temperatures, but the differences decreased at the end of the season. Respiration rates increased linearly as air temperature increased and decreased with plant age when expressed on unit weight basis. Biomass yields of cotton plants harvested 49 d after treatment were closely related to net photosynthetic assimilation accumulated over the same period. We conclude that MC and temperature impact cotton growth, development, respiration, and photosynthetic rates. This information will be useful for predicting optimum timing and amounts of MC application for improved managements of cotton canopies. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HODGES, HF (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1302 EP 1308 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300044 ER PT J AU BUXTON, DR BRASCHE, MR AF BUXTON, DR BRASCHE, MR TI DIGESTIBILITY OF STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES IN COOL-SEASON GRASS AND LEGUME FORAGES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL STAGE; DIGESTION KINETICS; STEMS; COMPONENTS; ALFALFA AB Structural carbohydrates of forages are not completely digestible by ruminants. The nature of the limitation and interrelationships among digestibility of structural carbohydrates are poorly understood. This field study was conducted to determine digestion kinetics of cell-wall carbohydrates to better understand these interrelationships. Leaves and stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were sampled in late May, and stems were again sampled 6 wk later. Plant samples were incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, and digestion kinetics were determined for neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) and cell-wall carbohydrates. Potentially digestible cellulose as a proportion of total cellulose decreased to a greater extent with age in grass (53%) than in legume (22%) stems. Hemicellulose often was more digestible than cellulose. However, cell-wall glucose, the principal component of cellulose, was more digestible than xylose, the principal component of hemicellulose. Conversely, the remaining neutral sugars associated with hemicellulose generally were more digestible than glucose. Xylose had the lowest digestibility of the neutral sugars, which was as low as 17% in legume stems. Arabinose digestibility was > 60%, even in highly lignified stems, suggesting that not more than a small portion is bonded to lignin. Across plant parts, a close relationship existed between glucose and xylose digestibilities with coefficients of determination of 0.94, suggesting that they may mutually limit each other's digestibility. With stem aging of grass, NDF rate of digestion was reduced from 0.076 to 0.042 h-1 by a decrease in hemicellulose rate of digestion from 0.146 to 0.060 h-1. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP BUXTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,1565 AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1338 EP 1345 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300052 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, WR HILL, NS STUEDEMANN, JA AF WINDHAM, WR HILL, NS STUEDEMANN, JA TI ASH IN FORAGE, ESOPHAGEAL, AND FECAL SAMPLES ANALYZED USING NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In study of the plant-animal interface, knowledge of the organic fraction of pasture, esophageal, and fecal samples can help predict energy intake and digestion. Ashing of the large sample volumes necessary to conduct interface studies, however, is cumbersome and impractical. This study was initiated to examine the use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a means of predicting ash concentration in pasture, esophageal, and fecal samples. Pasture mixtures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were defoliated by grazing animals. Pasture, esophageal, and fecal samples were collected and scanned by NIRS. A calibration subset was selected, samples were ashed, and the data used for equation development. The optimum equation was developed using log 1/reflectance (R) spectral data and produced standard errors of calibration (SEC) and validation (SEP) of 14.4 and 14.2 g kg-1, respectively, regardless of whether ash or organic matter data were used. Equations selected during calibration contained three wavelength pairs within 40 nm of one another. New calibration equations were generated by forcing in one wavelength in the neighboring pair +/- 20 nm from the selected band. Validation error of calibration equations with forced wavelengths was not different from that of the original calibration equation. It was concluded that wavelength pairs were necessary to calculate slope differences of spectra from samples varying in ash concentration. Recalibration of the instrument with a subset of pasture and esophageal samples improved SEC and SEP to 9.5 and 9.8 g kg-1, respectively; recalibration with a subset of fecal samples improved SEC and SEP to 10.6 and 12.7 g kg-1, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP WINDHAM, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1349 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300053 ER PT J AU PERRY, MC MCINTOSH, MS STONER, AK AF PERRY, MC MCINTOSH, MS STONER, AK TI GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF VARIATION IN THE USDA SOYBEAN GERMPLASM COLLECTION .2. ALLOZYME FREQUENCIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; WILD BARLEY; ELECTROPHORESIS; POPULATIONS; ASSOCIATIONS; INHERITANCE; DIVERSITY; ISOZYMES; ISRAEL AB Allozyme frequencies can be used as quick and inexpensive measures for determining patterns of diversity in germplasm collections. Our objective was to describe the extent of geographical diversity present in five enzymes controlled by seven variable protein loci (13 alleles) for 2236 accessions of Glycine max (L.) Merr. in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. These accessions represent the entire range of geographical origins in the collection. Countries of origin were grouped into 15 regions based on geography and number of accessions. Assays were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Each locus had two alleles, except that Sod2 had three and MDH was monomorphic. Total gene diversity was low for all loci except Pgi2 and Pgd1. The proportion of the total diversity between regions was relatively high for Sod2. Canonical discriminant and cluster analyses resulted in five clusters, each containing a single region (Africa, Central China, Southwest Central Asia, India, or the New World) and one cluster that contained 10 regions (Chungchong, Korea; Cholla, Korea; Europe; Japan, Jilin, China; Kyonggi, Korea; Kyongsang, Korea; Korea; North China; and Southeast Asia) and 85% of all accessions. This indicates that allele frequencies at these loci were poor discriminators of phenotypic diversity. Additional enzyme loci and other morphological and physiological characters should be used to assist in the further description of this collection. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM SERV LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI McIntosh, Marla/A-3441-2011 OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1360 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300055 ER PT J AU MERTENS, DR HINTZ, RW SIMS, LS CARDOZA, RD AF MERTENS, DR HINTZ, RW SIMS, LS CARDOZA, RD TI FILTERING MANIFOLD FOR DETERMINING THE FIBROUS COMPOSITION OF FEEDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note AB Analysis of the fibrous composition of feeds by the Goering and Van Soest procedure requires that samples be filtered in the presence of mineral acids and organic solvents. In this process, it is desirable to use a manifold that not only is resistant to these reagents, but also is inexpensive and easy to construct. The new design fits Gooch crucibles tightly and eliminates vacuum leaks and the associated foaming that hampers filtration of difficult samples. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MERTENS, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1361 EP 1363 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300056 ER PT J AU KASPERBAUER, MJ BUSSCHER, WJ AF KASPERBAUER, MJ BUSSCHER, WJ TI GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN COTTON ROOT PENETRATION OF A COMPACTED SUBSOIL LAYER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID COASTAL-PLAIN; TILLAGE AB Roots able to penetrate through compacted subsoil might result in better use of soil water. This study was conducted to determine whether roots of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes differ in ability to penetrate through compacted soil and, if so, to develop a system for early identification of superior rooting. Sixteen genotypes were compared without irrigation in Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) overlying a compacted subsoil layer near Florence, SC. Some remained turgid, while others wilted. Roots of the turgid genotypes penetrated the compacted layer, whereas few roots of the wilted genotypes did. One line that remained turgid and one that wilted in the field were then studied over artificially compacted soil cores. Roots of the turgid (but not the wilted) genotype penetrated bulk densities of 1.4 g cm-3. Artificially compacted cores can provide a tool to evaluate genotypes for root penetration as an early part of cultivar development for sandy soils that overlie compacted subsoil. RP KASPERBAUER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1376 EP 1378 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300063 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH DEWEY, DR HORTON, WH JENSEN, KB CURRIE, PO CHATTERTON, NJ HANSEN, WT CARLSON, JR AF ASAY, KH DEWEY, DR HORTON, WH JENSEN, KB CURRIE, PO CHATTERTON, NJ HANSEN, WT CARLSON, JR TI REGISTRATION OF NEWHY RS HYBRID WHEATGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES STN,MILES CITY,MT 59301. USDA,SCS,W NATL TECH CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97209. RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1385 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300075 ER PT J AU SEARS, RG HEYNE, EG MARTIN, TJ COX, TS BROWDER, LE WETZEL, DL SHOGREN, MD BOLTE, LC CURRAN, SP LAWLESS, JR WITT, MD HEER, WF AF SEARS, RG HEYNE, EG MARTIN, TJ COX, TS BROWDER, LE WETZEL, DL SHOGREN, MD BOLTE, LC CURRAN, SP LAWLESS, JR WITT, MD HEER, WF TI REGISTRATION OF KARL WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS AGR EXPT STN,FT HAYS BRANCH,FT HAYS,KS 67601. USDA ARS,HARD WHEAT QUAL LAB,US GRAIN MARKETING RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS AGR EXPT STN,NW RES EXT CTR,COLBY,KS 67701. KANSAS AGR EXPT STN,SW RES EXT CTR,GARDEN CITY,KS 67846. RP SEARS, RG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1386 EP 1386 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300077 ER PT J AU DONALDSON, E BRUEHL, GW RUBENTHALER, GL AF DONALDSON, E BRUEHL, GW RUBENTHALER, GL TI REGISTRATION OF ANDREWS WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA. RP DONALDSON, E (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,DRY LAND RES UNIT,LIND,WA 99341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1387 EP 1387 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300079 ER PT J AU VOGEL, KP HASKINS, FA GORZ, HJ ANDERSON, BA WARD, JK AF VOGEL, KP HASKINS, FA GORZ, HJ ANDERSON, BA WARD, JK TI REGISTRATION OF TRAILBLAZER SWITCHGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; DIFFERING DIGESTIBILITY; INVITRO C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP VOGEL, KP (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 5 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1388 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300080 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI REGISTRATION OF 15-INTERSPECIFIC SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM LINES DERIVED FROM WILD ANNUAL SPECIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID HELIANTHUS RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21701, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1390 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300081 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH DEWEY, DR JENSEN, KB HORTON, WH MAUGHAN, KW CHATTERTON, NJ CARLSON, JR AF ASAY, KH DEWEY, DR JENSEN, KB HORTON, WH MAUGHAN, KW CHATTERTON, NJ CARLSON, JR TI REGISTRATION OF PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA X ELYMUS-LANCEOLATUS HYBRID GERMPLASM SL-1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. PIONEER HI-BRED INT INC,N PLATTE,NE 69101. USDA,SCS,W NATL TECH CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97209. RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1391 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300082 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW WILSON, JP AF BURTON, GW WILSON, JP TI REGISTRATION OF PROSTRATE DALLISGRASS GERMPLASM =1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON & PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,AGR RES STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1392 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300084 ER PT J AU HAUNOLD, A NICKERSON, GB AF HAUNOLD, A NICKERSON, GB TI REGISTRATION OF 10-HOP GERMPLASM LINES FOR AN EARLY-FLOWERING TRIPLOID POLLINATOR COMPOSITE FOR YIELD STIMULATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID HOP GERMPLASM C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HAUNOLD, A (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1393 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300085 ER PT J AU MERKLE, OG WEBSTER, JA STARKS, KJ SMITH, EL AF MERKLE, OG WEBSTER, JA STARKS, KJ SMITH, EL TI REGISTRATION OF YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID TOLERANT WHEAT GERMPLASM YSCA-1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1394 EP 1394 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300087 ER PT J AU SPAETH, SC MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF SPAETH, SC MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI REGISTRATION OF 3 GERMPLASMS OF WINTERHARDY LENTIL SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP SPAETH, SC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1395 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH123 UT WOS:A1991GH12300089 ER PT J AU OSMANI, AH ODONNELL, K PU, RT OSMANI, SA AF OSMANI, AH ODONNELL, K PU, RT OSMANI, SA TI ACTIVATION OF THE NIMA PROTEIN-KINASE PLAYS A UNIQUE ROLE DURING MITOSIS THAT CANNOT BE BYPASSED BY ABSENCE OF THE BIME CHECKPOINT SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; CELL CYCLE REGULATION; CHECKPOINTS; NIMA AND BIME; PROTEIN KINASE ID HISTONE H-1 KINASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; CELL-CYCLE; NUCLEAR DIVISION; RNA-POLYMERASE; CDC2 PROTEIN; GENE; MUTATION; EXPRESSION; ENCODES AB Mutation of nim A reversibly arrests cells in late G2 and nim A overexpression promotes premature mitosis. Here we demonstrate that the product of nim A (designated NIMA) has protein kinase activity that can phosphorylate beta-casein but not histone proteins. NIMA kinase activity is cell cycle regulated being 20-fold higher at mitosis when compared to S-phase arrested cells. NIMA activation is normally required in G2 to initiate chromosome condensation, to nucleate spindle pole body microtubules, and to allow an MPM-2 specific mitotic phosphorylation. All three of these mitotic events can occur in the absence of activated NIMA when the bim E gene is mutated (bim E7). However, the bim E7 mutation cannot completely bypass the requirement for nim A during mitosis as entry into mitosis in the absence of NIMA activation results in major mitotic defects that affect both the organization of the nuclear envelope and mitotic spindle. Thus, although nim A plays an essential but limited role during mitosis, mutation of nim A arrests all of mitosis. We therefore propose that mutation of nim A prevents mitotic initiation due to a checkpoint arrest that is negatively mediated by bim E. The checkpoint ensures that mitosis is not initiated until NIMA is mitotically activated. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP OSMANI, AH (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT CELL BIOL, 1 BAYLOR PLAZA, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42564] NR 32 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2669 EP 2679 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA GB448 UT WOS:A1991GB44800040 PM 1868838 ER PT J AU DIAWARA, MM WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF DIAWARA, MM WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI MECHANISM OF WHORL FEEDING RESISTANCE TO FALL ARMYWORM AMONG CONVERTED SORGHUM ACCESSIONS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE); SORGHUM-BICOLOR; PSEUDORESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGICAL NON-PREFERENCE ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Field studies were conducted in 1989 to evaluate selected converted sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) accessions for resistance to whorl-stage feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) and to determine the mechanism of resistance. The sorghum was infested in the whorl 26 days after planting (DAP) in experiment 1 and 33 DAP in experiment 2. In experiment 1, the plant accessions 'IS7273C,' 'IS7444C,' 'IS12573C,' 'IS12678C,' and 'IS12679C,' were more resistant (rating < 3) to damage by S. frugiperda larvae than the resistant check CIMMYT (CM) 1821 (rating 6.2) at 14 days after infestation (DAI). These genotypes were also more resistant (ratings less-than-or-equal-to 4 at 7 DAI and < 3 at 14 DAI) than the resistant check CM1821 (ratings 5.6 at 7 DAI and 8 at 14 DAI) in experiment 2. The number of larvae that established/plant on IS7273C, IS7444C, IS12573C, or IS12679C was significantly less compared with establishment on the resistance check CM1821 at 14 DAI in experiment 1 and at 7 and 14 DAI in experiment 2. Resistance in IS7273C, IS7444C, IS12573C, and IS12679C was mainly due to their rapid rate of growth which induced a quick change in the plant morphology from the whorl- to the panicle-stage and did not permit a sustained colonization of larvae. This new type of resistance could be referred to as 'morphological non-preference' as apposed to chemical non-preference where non-preference is due to plant chemical factors. These genotypes had a significantly shorter cycle than the other sorghum genotypes. Host evasion, a type of pseudoresistance, was the basis for resistance in 'IS7794C' and 'IS7947C'. Tolerance was the major mechanism of resistance in the resistant check CM1821. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,IBPMRL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 60 IS 3 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP165 UT WOS:A1991GP16500003 ER PT J AU WIYGUL, G SIKOROWSKI, PP AF WIYGUL, G SIKOROWSKI, PP TI THE EFFECT OF A HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN ISOLATED FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI ON PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN FAT-BODIES ISOLATED FROM MALE BOLL-WEEVILS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Note DE BACTERIAL PRODUCTS; CONTAMINATION; INSECT REARING; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; BACTERIAL LOAD; SMALL-INTESTINE; CURCULIONIDAE; PURIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; ACIDS C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WIYGUL, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 60 IS 3 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP165 UT WOS:A1991GP16500012 ER PT J AU SMITH, DR AF SMITH, DR TI A NEW AULACUS (HYMENOPTERA, GASTERUPTIONIDAE, AULACINAE) FROM VIRGINIA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Aulacus impolitus, n. sp., is described from Virginia and separated from related species. A list of 12 species of Aulacinae known to occur in Virginia is given. RP SMITH, DR (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 102 IS 4 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GH130 UT WOS:A1991GH13000005 ER PT J AU BYERS, RA BARRATT, BIP AF BYERS, RA BARRATT, BIP TI BEHAVIOR OF SLUGS, DEROCERUS-RETICULATUM (GASTROPODA, LIMACIDAE), AND CRICKETS, GRYLLUS-PENNSYLVANICUS (ORTHOPTERA, GRYLLIDAE), ON SEEDLING ALFALFA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Ten juvenile slugs, Derocerus reticulatum and five field crickets, Gryllus pennsylvanicus were confined either together or alone with or without alfalfa, Medicago sativa in replicated tests in a greenhouse. Surviving slugs, crickets and alfalfa plants were recorded after eight days. Defoliation was scored on a 1-4 scale for remaining alfalfa plants. Both slugs and crickets survived well, either alone or together, as long as alfalfa was present. Survival of both was reduced in the absence of alfalfa. poorer survival was attributed to lack of alfalfa as a food source. There was no evidence that crickets had attacked or eaten the slugs or vice versa. Alfalfa was susceptible to defoliation from both D. reticulatum and G. pennsylvanicus. Survival of alfalfa plants was reduced by slugs but not by crickets. However, combining slugs and crickets significantly reduced plant survival below that of slugs alone, indicating their combined feeding was additive. Mean defoliation scores were significantly greater for slugs than for crickets and both combined significantly increased defoliation scores over either alone. Apparently neither invertebrate interfered with feeding by the other or the combination of the two would not have been additive. RP BYERS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 102 IS 4 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GH130 UT WOS:A1991GH13000008 ER PT J AU COOPER, CM SCHIEBE, FR RITCHIE, JC AF COOPER, CM SCHIEBE, FR RITCHIE, JC TI AN INEXPENSIVE SAMPLER FOR OBTAINING BULK SEDIMENT CORES SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND WATER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A large-volume core sampler for sediment-muck substrates is described. The sampler can acquire a discrete sediment core of 10 cm in diameter and up to 1.5 m long. Such samplers are needed to collect the volume necessary for analysis of sediments for contaminants, bulk density, or radioactive dating. The sampler consists of a 1- to 2-m length of PVC pipe mounted below a threaded metal pipe air exhaust-intake assembly. This assembly is quick-connected to standard threaded lengths (300 cm) of water pipe (2 cm diam) or electrical conduit so that bottom sediments in water depths of up to 10 m can be sampled. The core sampler is hand-operated and pushed into bottom sediments from a boat. It does not have to be triggered remotely because of the one-way modified check valve in the air exhaust-intake assembly. After the sampler is extracted from the sediment, the extension handle can be quickly removed for ease of sampler handling, and the core can be extruded from the PVC tube by air pressure. RP COOPER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL WATER S PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF01704665 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA GE401 UT WOS:A1991GE40100006 ER PT J AU SCHMOLDT, DL PETERSON, DL AF SCHMOLDT, DL PETERSON, DL TI APPLYING KNOWLEDGE-BASED METHODS TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT AN AIR-QUALITY WORKSHOP SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM; AIR POLLUTION; WILDERNESS AB In response to protection needs in class I wilderness areas, forest land managers of the USDA Forest Service must provide input to regulatory agencies regarding air pollutant impacts on air quality-related values. Regional workshops have been convened for land managers and scientists to discuss the aspects and extent of wilderness protection needs. Previous experience with a national workshop indicated that a document summarizing workshop discussions will have little operational utility. An alternative is to create a knowledge-based analytical system, in addition to the document, to aid land managers in assessing effects of air pollutants on wilderness. Knowledge-based methods were used to design and conduct regional workshops in the western United States. Extracting knowledge from a large number of workshop participants required careful planning of workshop discussions. Knowledge elicitation methods helped with this task. This knowledge-based approach appears to be effective for focusing group discussions and collecting knowledge from large groups of specialists. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,NATL PK SERV,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,AR-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 15 IS 5 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1007/BF02589622 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GJ854 UT WOS:A1991GJ85400004 ER PT J AU WALTER, DE KAPLAN, DT AF WALTER, DE KAPLAN, DT TI OBSERVATIONS ON COLEOSCIRUS-SIMPLEX (ACARINA, PROSTIGMATA), A PREDATORY MITE THAT COLONIZES GREENHOUSE CULTURES OF ROOTKNOT NEMATODE (MELOIDOGYNE SPP), AND A REVIEW OF FEEDING-BEHAVIOR IN THE CUNAXIDAE SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Coleoscirus simplex (Ewing) (Cunaxidae: Coleoscirinae) colonizes greenhouse pot cultures of rootknot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Orlando, Florida, where it preys on vermiform nematodes and soil arthropods. This is the first report of nematophagy in a cunaxid mite. Mating was required for oviposition in C. simplex. An average of 4.4 eggs were laid per day, and mean generation time was 14.3 days at 28-degrees-C. A silken web was spun around the mite and the end of each active instar. Coleoscirus simplex fed near the top of the food web that colonized rootknot nematode cultures, but feeding relationships were complex. Size, degree of sclerotization, speed, and availability of alternative prey influenced predatory success. Cannibalism was common, including attacks on quiescent immatures in the molting web. Coleoscirus simplex did not feed on the eggs of either rootknot nematodes or arthropods. Neoscirula sp. (Coleoscirinae) and Pulaeus sp. (Cunaxoidinae) also fed on both arthropods and nematodes, but three species in the Cunaxinae, Dactyloscirus inermis (Tragardh), Dactyloscirus sp., and Cunaxa sp., fed only on arthropods. RP WALTER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1007/BF01204399 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GK204 UT WOS:A1991GK20400005 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH AF NIELSEN, FH TI NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS FOR BORON, SILICON, VANADIUM, NICKEL, AND ARSENIC - CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND SPECULATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ARSENIC; BORON; NICKEL; SILICON; VANADIUM ID DIETARY BORON; METABOLISM; MAGNESIUM; MATRIX; BONE; HEAT AB Definition of specific biochemical functions in higher animals (including humans) for the ultra-trace elements boron, silicon, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic still has not been achieved although all of these elements have been described as being essential nutrients. Recently, many new findings from studies using molecular biology techniques, sophisticated equipment, unusual organisms, and newly defined enzymes have revealed possible sites of essential action for these five elements. Based on these findings and the response of animals and/or humans to low intakes of these elements, the following speculations have been presented: 1) Boron has a role that affects cell membrane characteristics and transmembrane signaling. 2) Silicon is necessary for the association between cells and one or more macromolecules such as osteonectin, which affects cartilage composition and ultimately cartilage calcification. 3) Vanadium reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form a pervanadate that is required to catalyze the oxidation of halide ions and/or stimulate the phosphorylation of receptor proteins. 4) Nickel is needed for the CO2-fixation to propionyl-CoA to form D-methylmalonyl-CoA. 5) Arsenic has an important role in the conversion of methionine to its metabolites taurine, labile methyl, and the polyamines. If any of these speculations are found to be true, the element involved will be firmly established as having a nutritional requirement because the body obviously cannot synthesize it. Based on animal findings, the dietary requirement is likely to be small; that is, expressed in micrograms per day. RP NIELSEN, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 50 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 8 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2661 EP 2667 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA GE811 UT WOS:A1991GE81100006 PM 1916090 ER PT J AU HINKLE, NC KOEHLER, PG KERN, WH PATTERSON, RS AF HINKLE, NC KOEHLER, PG KERN, WH PATTERSON, RS TI HEMATOPHAGOUS STRATEGIES OF THE CAT FLEA (SIPHONAPTERA, PULICIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PROLIXUS STAL HEMIPTERA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; POSTERIOR MIDGUT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BLOOD; CULICIDAE; REDUVIIDAE; MECHANICS; PROTEIN AB Hematophagy of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche), was investigated. Blood feeding in the adult stages nearly doubled the weight of mixed-sex fleas. However, within 12 h, the gained weight was lost. Protein mass tripled after feeding, but starvation caused a reduction in protein with the percentage protein remaining constant (5%). Both in vivo and in vitro rearing of cat fleas was successful in allowing flea survival, feeding, fecal production, and reproduction. In vivo rearing, infesting cats with 50 fleas per week, resulted in a mean of 332 fleas per cat. Because 68% were female, male survival times on the host were shorter than those of females. Female fleas produced 1 egg per h, and combined sexes averaged 0.77 mg of feces per day. Average blood ingestion for defecation was 6.97-mu-l of blood. In vitro rearing resulted in lower egg production (12%), feces production (50%), and ingestion of blood for defecation. Two types of flea feces were found-spherules and coils. Within 24 h of first feeding, almost all feces were spherules < 0.07 mm in diameter. After 10 days of feeding, 60-70% of the feces were coils. These adult feces are the natural larval diet of cat flea larvae. C1 USDA ARS, MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32608 USA. RP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 3 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.2307/3494830 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG814 UT WOS:A1991GG81400001 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ GONZALEZ, M CHAMBERS, DL HEATH, RR AF LANDOLT, PJ GONZALEZ, M CHAMBERS, DL HEATH, RR TI COMPARISON OF FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND TRAPPING OF PAPAYA FRUIT-FLY IN PAPAYA PLANTINGS IN CENTRAL-AMERICA AND FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CURVICAUDA GERSTAECKER DIPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TEPHRITIDAE; FLIES; TIME AB Papaya fruit flies, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker, were observed on papaya trees in Guatemala and Costa Rica to compare with reported patterns of behavior for papaya fruit flies in south Florida. In both cases, males and females were nearly always on fruit and not on leaves. General activity of both sexes and female oviposition were highest in the morning in Central America, contrasting with the late afternoon activity period in Florida. A total of 23 mating pairs was observed in Costa Rica, all on papaya trees in late morning, compared to late afternoon to dusk in Florida. A fruit model trap baited with the pheromone 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine caught significant numbers of both male and female T. curvicauda in Costa Rica at a pheromone release rate of 1-mu-g/h. At this location, counts of flies in plots on papaya trees versus traps indicated a high rate of capture of both sexes of papaya fruit flies with the fruit-model sex pheromone trap. C1 PINEAPPLE DEV CORP COSTA RICA SA,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. USDA,APHIS,GUATEMALA MEDFLY METHODS STN,APO,MIAMI,FL 34024. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 3 BP 408 EP 414 DI 10.2307/3494834 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GG814 UT WOS:A1991GG81400005 ER PT J AU HOSFIELD, GL AF HOSFIELD, GL TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF PRODUCTION AND FOOD QUALITY FACTORS IN DRY BEAN SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULINARY QUALITY; EDIBLE BEANS; VARIABILITY; INHERITANCE; YIELD C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP HOSFIELD, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL RES UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 45 IS 9 BP 98 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GF900 UT WOS:A1991GF90000007 ER PT J AU LEAK, WB AF LEAK, WB TI SECONDARY FOREST SUCCESSION IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE AB Secondary forest succession in the northern hardwood and spruce-hemlock forests of central New Hampshire, USA, was examined by regressing percentage composition of the major species over stand age, using both temporary and remeasured plots in essentially uncut stands ranging in age from 3 to over 190 years. Plots were classified by site: fine till, sandy till, and softwood sites. Successional change varied by site, and five ecological species roles were detected: dominating climax, stable climax, minor climax, persistent successional, and temporary successional species. After heavy cutting, stands on fine till sites move through an abundance of successional species such as pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.), aspen (Populus spp), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis Britton) toward a predominence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). A similar trend occurs on sandy till, although red maple (A. rubrum L.) - a low nutrient-demanding species - is a more common successional species and American beech is much more aggressive than sugar maple. On softwood sites (shallow, dry, wet, or poorly aerated soils), the successional species, including high proportions of red maple, are succeeded by a predominance of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and, especially at higher elevations, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). On these softwood sites, a persistent representation of successional species is maintained by frequent stand disturbances. On fine and sandy till, exogenous disturbance has a minimal influence on the composition of the climax forest. Minimum time-to-climax was estimated at 170 years and 250 years on fine till and softwood sites, respectively, using the species composition of old-growth forests in the region as standards. RP LEAK, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90077-9 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GL719 UT WOS:A1991GL71900007 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, KM HARD, JS AF REYNOLDS, KM HARD, JS TI RISK AND HAZARD OF SPRUCE BEETLE ATTACK IN UNMANAGED STANDS ON THE KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA, UNDER EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WHITE SPRUCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Forest community type was the most important variable determining risk of a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kby) outbreak. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) communities exhibited low to moderate risk overall, but stands in these communities with deep accumulations of fibrous organic matter on the soil surface (more than 7.5 cm) were at significantly greater risk than stands with shallower accumulation of fibrous organic matter. Differences in risk between black spruce communities with shallow and deep fibrous organic layers were not paralleled by differences in hazard as measured by either affected stems or basal area. Low-elevation mixed spruce-paper birch (Picea Betula Papyrifera Marsh.) communities, in which the principal spruce species were white )Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and/or Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii Little), exhibited the greatest overall risk of spruce beetle outbreak, and the greatest hazard was associated with these communities. Within this group, stands with open canopies had a significantly greater incidence of outbreaks than stands with closed canopies, but open- and closed-canopy stands did not differ with respect to hazard. The group of forest communities with the lowest overall risk of spruce beetle outbreak consisted of a diverse mixture of communities. Communities in which white and/or Lutz spruce were the principal overstory species also occurred in this group. Within the group, increasing elevation was associated with increasing risk and hazard. In low-elevation stands (less than 150 m), a further division between low- and high-risk stands could be made on the basis of forest community. In stands of intermediate elevation (150-300 m), depth of the fibrous organic layer exceeding 5 cm was associated with increased risk. RP REYNOLDS, KM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99501, USA. OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90081-6 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GL719 UT WOS:A1991GL71900011 ER PT J AU MITCHOFF, ME MORRELL, JJ AF MITCHOFF, ME MORRELL, JJ TI PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT OF PLYWOOD PANELS FROM THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The effect of panel source on treatability by preservatives was investigated by treating panels obtained from 37 manufacturers in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana with chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA-C) and ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA). Generally, ACZA produced better preservative penetration and retention in panels than CCA-C, but there were wide variations in treatability depending upon panel source and species composition. Although the presence of core gaps, lathe checks, and incomplete gluelines should render plywood more treatable, none of the panels were completely penetrated, even when retentions far exceeded those required for ground-contact exposure. The results indicate that careful consideration must be given to geographic source when panels are treated with preservatives for exposure to high-decay and insect hazards. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MITCHOFF, ME (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GG576 UT WOS:A1991GG57600003 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BR FOSTER, DO AF JOHNSON, BR FOSTER, DO TI PRESERVATIVE LOSS FROM STAKES TREATED WITH AMMONIACAL COPPER BORATE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Southern pine stakes were pressure treated with ammoniacal copper borate and buried vertically to one half their length for 11 years at the Harrison Experimental Forest in Saucier, Miss. Chemical analyses showed much higher losses of boron compared to copper from both the groundline and aboveground portions of stakes. Residual boron in the stakes was 1.2 percent at the groundline and 12 percent aboveground. Residual copper was 79 percent at the groundline and 87 percent aboveground. Degradation of stakes by decay fungi and termites was light to moderate. Protection was attributed to the residual copper. RP JOHNSON, BR (reprint author), USDA,SERV FOREST,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GG576 UT WOS:A1991GG57600007 ER PT J AU MCALISTER, RH CLARK, A AF MCALISTER, RH CLARK, A TI EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND SEED SOURCE ON THE BENDING PROPERTIES OF JUVENILE AND MATURE LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Wood harvested from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations was tested to determine the effect of geographic location and provenance on mechanical properties of juvenile and mature wood. Plantations sampled were established as part of the Southwide Pine Seed Source Study in 1952 to 1953. Three seed sources, Onslow County, N.C., Livingston Parish, La., and a local seed source, were sampled at each of three locations: Georgia Coastal Plain, Georgia Piedmont, and Arkansas Upper Coastal Plain. Plantation location had a statistically significant effect on modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of both juvenile and mature wood. Seed source location was not a significant factor. RP MCALISTER, RH (reprint author), USDA,SERV FOREST,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GG576 UT WOS:A1991GG57600008 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, RK AF CAMPBELL, RK TI SOILS, SEED-ZONE MAPS, AND PHYSIOGRAPHY - GUIDELINES FOR SEED TRANSFER OF DOUGLAS-FIR IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ADAPTATION; ECOGEOGRAPHIC CENTER GENETIC VARIATION; GENEOLOGY ID VAR GLAUCA POPULATIONS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; GENETIC-VARIATION; ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TAMARACK FAMILIES; FERTILIZER LEVELS; AVENA-BARBATA; GROWTH; GENOTYPE AB One procedure for guiding seed transfer is to partition the species habitat into zones within which there is little genetic variation from location to location. This report compares soil types and the existing regional seed zones as bases for classifying geographic genetic variation into zones. The data used were genotypic values of 135 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) trees from 80 locations in a 15,000 km2 area in southwestern Oregon. Genotypic values were estimated by measuring traits expressing phenology and growth potential of 2-year seedlings in a common-garden experiment. Neither the soils model nor the seed-zones model satisfactorily classified geographic genetic variation (significant lack of fit). When physiographic variables (latitude, longitude, elevation, etc.) were added to the models, the added variables accounted for 16% to 23% of the total variation among locations. Gradients of genetic variation therefore exist within soil types and present seed zones. These gradients reflect the overall gradients of geographic variation with latitude, longitude, and elevation that occur in the region. The results suggest that zones constructed from a physiographic model may explain more of the genetic variation in southwestern Oregon than do either soils or seed-zones models. RP CAMPBELL, RK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 973 EP 986 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700001 ER PT J AU MILLAR, CI MARSHALL, KA AF MILLAR, CI MARSHALL, KA TI ALLOZYME VARIATION OF PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR (CHAMAECYPARIS-LAWSONIANA) - IMPLICATIONS FOR GENETIC CONSERVATION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPHTHORA-LATERALIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ISOZYMES ID PINE; HETEROZYGOSITY; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB Variation at 32 allozyme loci in nine disjunct populations of Port-Orford-cedar (POC) from the California floristic region was measured to estimate the amount and pattern of genetic variability in natural stands. Variation in electrophoretically detectable loci was moderately high, with mean number of alleles per locus = 1.9, 64.9% polymorphic loci, and observed heterozygosity = 0.13. Diversity was highest in the seven populations from the coastal mountains and lowest in the two populations from the inland portion of POC's distribution. The Sacramento River population in the inland group had only 44% polymorphic loci, and observed heterozygosity equaled 0.05. Populations in the inland region were allozymically distinct from those in the coastal region as well as from each other. Mean genetic distances among the coastal populations were 0.005 compared to 0.016 between the inland and coastal groups and 0.013 between inland populations. Population variation accounted for 5% of the total allozyme diversity. Genetic conservation efforts for POC in California are evaluated. In situ areas are already being established in some genetically important localities, although many gaps remain; ex situ coverage is inadequate. RP MILLAR, CI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,INST FOREST GENET,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1077 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700007 ER PT J AU SASEK, TW RICHARDSON, CJ FENDICK, EA BEVINGTON, SR KRESS, LW AF SASEK, TW RICHARDSON, CJ FENDICK, EA BEVINGTON, SR KRESS, LW TI CARRYOVER EFFECTS OF ACID-RAIN AND OZONE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MULTIPLE FLUSHES OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PINUS-TAEDA; CHLOROPHYLL; CAROTENOIDS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE ID AIR-POLLUTION STRESS; WHITE-PINE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DARK RESPIRATION; GROWTH; SENSITIVITY; DECLINE; TAEDA; SOILS; MIST AB The effects of acid rain and ozone exposure on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings in the Piedmont of North Carolina were assessed over two exposure seasons (1987-1988). Direct effects and carryover effects of long-term exposure on the photosynthetic potential and photopigment concentrations of different needle age-classes were studied. Three half-sib families were grown in open-top field chambers and exposed to two acid rain treatments (pH 5.3 or 3.3) and five ozone exposures delivered in proportion to ambient concentrations (0.5x to 3.0x ambient) in a complete factorial design. Ozone significantly affected photosynthesis but there were no statistically significant effects of acid rain nor any ozone x acid rain interactions. In 1987, photosynthesis of the 1987 first-flush progressively diverged among the ozone treatments except between charcoal-filtered (CF almost-equal-to 0.5x ambient) and nonfiltered air (NF). At the end of the first season, photosynthesis was reduced 24% at 1.5x compared to CF and more than 80% at 2.25x and 3.0x. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were similarly reduced at elevated ozone exposures. In 1988, photosynthesis of the 1987 first-flush in the elevated ozone treatments remained lower. Early in the second season, the 1988 first-flush had a 25% to 50% lower photosynthetic potential at 2.25x and 3.0x compared to CF. This carryover effect on the photosynthetic potential before significant cumulative exposure was progressively smaller in the later 1988 flushes. In the late season flushes in the highest ozone treatments, photosynthesis was significantly higher than in the lower ozone treatments. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP SASEK, TW (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1078 EP 1098 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700008 ER PT J AU MINORE, D MEANS, JE CUNNINGHAM, PG WEATHERLY, HG AF MINORE, D MEANS, JE CUNNINGHAM, PG WEATHERLY, HG TI GROWTH-PATTERNS OF DEERBRUSH AND SNOWBRUSH AS FUNCTIONS OF AGE AND SHRUB VIGOR SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HEIGHT; STEM LENGTH; CROWN AREA; CEANOTHUS-INTEGERRIMUS; CEANOTHUS-VELUNTINUS VAR VELUTINUS AB To describe the growth of deerbrush (Ceanothus integerrimus Hook & Arn) and snowbrush (C. velutinus var. velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.) by age and shrub vigor, stem-analysis techniques were applied to 61 open-grown shrubs of each species in southwestern Oregon. Present crown dimensions were measured, and past stem lengths for each year of growth were determined by dissecting the longest stem. Models were fit to describe stem length as a function of plant age and stem length at age 10 (L10) for each species. Shrub height and crown area were then related to length of the longest stem, and curves were constructed to illustrate crown development by age and L10. The results can be used to estimate the growing space that will be occupied by open-grown shrubs of either species at any time from ages 4 through 20. RP MINORE, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1149 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700011 ER PT J AU TURNER, R NEWTON, CM DENNIS, DF AF TURNER, R NEWTON, CM DENNIS, DF TI ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARCEL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRICE IN THE MARKET FOR VERMONT FORESTLAND SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HEDONIC; ECONOMETRIC MODEL ID HEDONIC PRICES; IMPLICIT MARKETS; URBAN FRINGE; MODELS; VALUES AB An implicit price model is used to analyze the market for forestland in Vermont. Data were collected on physical and locational characteristics associated with a sample of recent sales (100-500 ac tracts). Least squares regression was used to identify marginal implicit prices of the characteristics. More than 46% of the variation in price per acre was explained by the set of characteristics and all significant characteristics influenced the price in the expected direction. Parcel size had little effect on price per acre; however, the presence of road frontage, the presence of open land, increases in population, proximity to major roads and ski areas, and lower taxes all contributed to higher prices. C1 UNIV VERMONT,AIKEN CTR,SCH NAT RESOURCES,DEPT FORESTRY,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP TURNER, R (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,RD 1,BOX 2770,BRISTOL,VT 05443, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1162 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700012 ER PT J AU FENN, M AF FENN, M TI INCREASED SITE FERTILITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATE IN HIGH-POLLUTION SITES IN THE SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NUTRIENT CYCLING; AIR-POLLUTION GRADIENT; OZONE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; RETRANSLOCATION OF NITROGEN ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; AIR-POLLUTION; DEPOSITION; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; CANOPY AB Some possible factors causing enhanced litter decomposition in high-pollution sites in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California were investigated. Nitrogen concentration of soil, as well as foliage and litter of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) were greater in high-pollution plots than in moderate- or low-pollution plots. Nitrogen concentration of soil, foliage, and litter of ponderosa pine (ozone-sensitive), and of the ozone-tolerant species, sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens [Torr.] Florin.), were all higher at a higher pollution site than at a moderate-pollution site. The rate of litter decomposition for all three species was also greater at the high-pollution site. Results suggest that the primary factor causing enhanced decomposition of L-layer litter in high-pollution plots is greater site fertility, leading to the production of foliage and litter that is higher in N than litter from moderate- or low-pollution plots. Although foliage of ponderosa pine trees exhibiting symptoms of severe ozone damage in high-pollution plots abscissed 2-4 years earlier than foliage of trees in low-pollution plots, retranslocation of N and P prior to needle abscission was not inhibited in high-pollution plots. Higher N levels in litter in the high-pollution plots does not appear to be due to reduced retranslocation of N from senescing foliage. Litter from ponderosa pine trees with severe symptoms of ozone damage (chlorotic mottle) decomposed at the same rate as litter from adjacent trees with no visible chlorotic mottle. Treating ponderosa and Jeffrey pine litter from four plots with 2, 20, or 200 mM NH4NO3 significantly increased the rate of litter decomposition at one or more N concentrations in three of the four plots. Total CO2 generated by the decomposing litter during a 15 or 17 day period tended to increase with N amendment, but was significantly increased only with litter from the dogwood plot treated with 200 mM NH4NO3. In some areas in the San Bernardino Mountains, chronic N deposition may stimulate litter decomposition by: (1) increasing site fertility, leading to higher concentrations of N in foliage and litter, and (2) accumulation of N onto litter and plant canopies, which stimulates litter decomposition upon wetting. RP FENN, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FOREST FIRE LAB,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1181 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700013 ER PT J AU MARQUIS, DA ERNST, RL AF MARQUIS, DA ERNST, RL TI THE EFFECTS OF STAND STRUCTURE AFTER THINNING ON THE GROWTH OF AN ALLEGHENY HARDWOOD STAND SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SIZE-CLASS DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CHERRY-MAPLE TYPE; INCREMENT ID DENSITY AB A 50-year-old Allegheny hardwood stand in which the crown canopy had stratified into distinct species groups was thinned to 60% relative density leaving dramatically different stand structures and species composition. Treatments included combined thinning, thin from middle, thin from above, thin from below, and unthinned control. Individual tree growth was stimulated most by thinnings that created openings in the main crown canopy and still retained adequate numbers of the larger stems of the faster growing species. Thinning from below, which removed primarily noncommercial saplings and small poles of the shade-tolerant species, did not affect diameter growth of the larger stems. Total stand growth in basal area and volume was dramatically reduced by thinning from above, which removed nearly all of the larger stems and faster growing species. Treatments that reduced growing stock in the largest size classes, where most of the stand value is concentrated, had a detrimental effect on future timber values. Best individual tree growth, and best stand growth in basal area, cubic volume, board volume, and dollar value occurred in the combined thin treatment. Future yields after any thinning can be viewed as the net effect of reduction in the amount of growing-stock capital and increases in residual tree growth resulting from reduced competition. Recommendations for appropriate types of thinning and timing of the first thinning in stands such as this are provided. RP MARQUIS, DA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WARREN,PA 16365, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1200 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GE527 UT WOS:A1991GE52700014 ER PT J AU MUCK, RE PITT, RE LEIBENSPERGER, RY AF MUCK, RE PITT, RE LEIBENSPERGER, RY TI A MODEL OF AEROBIC FUNGAL GROWTH IN SILAGE .1. MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; WATER RELATIONS; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; THERMAL DEATH; HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; STORAGE FUNGI; SOLID MEDIA; YEAST AB The components of a simulation model of mesophilic and thermophilic yeast and mould growth in aerobically deteriorating silage are presented. The purpose of the model is to examine the relative roles of yeasts and moulds in deterioration and the factors affecting aerobic stability. Information for the model was based on literature studies. Growth of the fungi was assumed to be affected by temperature, pH, water activity, and lactic and acetic acid concentrations. The substrates utilized in the model, in order of preference, were water-soluble carbohydrates, ethanol, lactic acid and acetic acid. Gas movement and heat transfer were not considered. Consequently, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were assumed to be those for open air, and the heat of respiration retained in the silage was set as a constant percentage of that released by fungal growth. Based on the relationships developed for the model, pH affects yeast growth minimally and does not affect mould growth at all. Water activity over the range in silage affects yeast growth more than mould growth, but affects neither one strongly. Undissociated lactic and acetic acids decrease growth rate and may be important factors in silage stability. Compared with moulds, yeast growth rates are less affected by suboptimum temperatures but are more sensitive to temperatures in excess of the optimum. A succeeding study compares the model with published aerobic deterioration studies and examines the predicted succession of microbial groups and the variation in silage stability as affected by silage parameters, initial temperature, and initial microbial populations. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP MUCK, RE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 98 TC 44 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1991.tb02234.x PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GD444 UT WOS:A1991GD44400010 ER PT J AU PITT, RE MUCK, RE PICKERING, NB AF PITT, RE MUCK, RE PICKERING, NB TI A MODEL OF AEROBIC FUNGAL GROWTH IN SILAGE .2. AEROBIC STABILITY SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DETERIORATION; ENSILAGE AB A simulation model of yeast and mould growth in aerobically deteriorating silage was tested and analysed. The model predictions of aerobic stability were compared with actual stability data from published experiments and were accurate when maize silage composition and initial yeast and mould counts were known. The time-course of deterioration was simulated for various initial temperatures and yeast and mould concentrations and exhibited primary, secondary, and tertiary heating in some cases; however, the model was limited in its ability to predict temperature history during deterioration because of the simplified treatment of heat transfer. In simulations, the relative importance of yeasts and moulds depended mainly on initial fungal concentrations, whereas the relative importance of mesophiles and thermophiles depended primarily on initial temperature. The model predicted that the period of silage aerobic stability ends when fungal concentrations reach approximately 0.001 g g-1 silage. Temperature, water-soluble carbohydrate concentration, fungal populations, and fermentation product concentrations in interaction with pH had the greatest direct effects on predicted aerobic stability. The model results suggest that aerobic stability is greatest when the pre-ensiling forage is highly buffered, of low dry matter content, and contains sufficient water-soluble carbohydrates to allow fermentation to the lowest possible pH with no residual water-soluble carbohydrates. C1 USDA,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PITT, RE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1991.tb02235.x PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GD444 UT WOS:A1991GD44400011 ER PT J AU KATOVICH, SA KULMAN, HM AF KATOVICH, SA KULMAN, HM TI EASTERN PINE SEEDWORM, CYDIA-TOREUTA (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) IN RED PINE-CONES IN WISCONSIN SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Cydia toreuta population densities, prolonged diapause behavior, parasitism and adult emergence patterns were examined over four years at two red pine locations in Wisconsin. Last-instar densities ranged from 0.54 to 3.18 per cone. This was considered a wide range for this species in red pine. Population clumping was evident at last-instar densities below 2.90, however no consistent pattern was evident between years. Clumping disappeared at populations greater than 2.90 last-instars. Prolonged diapause varied from 7.8 to 38.9 %. Parasitism rates varied from 10.9 to 46.6 %. Phanerotoma toreuta (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the most abundant parasite at both sites and emerged in unison with male C. toreuta. Estimation of percent of last-instars undergoing prolonged diapause prior to spring emergence can be accomplished using forced emergence though cones should be collected after 31 January. Estimation of percent parasitism can be made as early as November. Resident moth populations could be estimated prior to spring flight utilizing this information. Emergence occurred over an approximately 2 week period between mid-May and early June. The majority of male moths emerged prior to females. RP KATOVICH, SA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 24 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HA116 UT WOS:A1991HA11600003 ER PT J AU WILSON, LF AF WILSON, LF TI LOCATION AND CONDITION OF WHITEMARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) COCOONS IN A MICHIGAN BLACK-WALNUT PLANTATION SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma, cocoons were monitored in a black walnut, Juglans nigra, plantation in Michigan from 1978 to 1981. Larvae spun cocoons on the exposed bark of the bole (29.6%), in crevices on the bole formed by pruning wounds (17.5%), beneath limbs (24.2%), and in branch crotches (28.7%). Parasites and predators destroyed 88% of the pupae in their cocoons. The tussock moth population, although moderate to high in the egg stage, decreased sufficiently in the larval stages each year to cause no more than 5% defoliation to individual trees. RP WILSON, LF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 24 IS 3 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HA116 UT WOS:A1991HA11600004 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC JACKSON, JJ SUTTER, GR BECK, DA AF ELLIOTT, NC JACKSON, JJ SUTTER, GR BECK, DA TI A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF ADULT DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN ARTIFICIALLY INFESTED CORN FIELDS SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The influence of corn plant phenology on the dynamics of adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, populations was studied during 1988 and 1989 in corn fields artificially infested with eggs. Fifty percent of adult emergence from the soil occurred by day 194 in 1988 and day 203 in 1989. In both years, adult emergence was synchronized with corn flowering, eggs were recovered in soil samples approximately four days after reproductive females were first observed in the population, and oviposition was essentially compLete about 25 days after it began. The number of reproductive female beetle-days accumulating per m2 was similar in both years. Approximately two times as many eggs were laid in 1988 (1239 eggs/m2) as in 1989 (590 eggs/m2). The difference in egg density may have been caused by differences among years in the temporal synchrony of reproductive beetles with flowering corn. Daily survival rates of adults were high while corn was flowering; exhibited a gradual decline during grain filling; and decreased rapidly during the grain drying stage. RP ELLIOTT, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN RD,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 24 IS 3 BP 159 EP 167 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HA116 UT WOS:A1991HA11600005 ER PT J AU BRONSON, RT LIPMAN, RD AF BRONSON, RT LIPMAN, RD TI REDUCTION IN RATE OF OCCURRENCE OF AGE-RELATED LESIONS IN DIETARY RESTRICTED LABORATORY MICE SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE AGING; FOOD RESTRICTION; BIOMARKERS OF AGING; MOUSE; PATHOLOGY; CANCER ID LONGEVITY AB This report describes the results of a study to find differences in the distribution of pathologic lesions between 40% dietary restricted (DR) and ad libitum (AL) fed mice of four genotypes, C57BL/6NNia, DBA/2NNia, B6D2F1NNia and B6C3FlNNia. Representative samples of all organs were studied from 1134 mice killed at 12, 18, 24 and 30 months of age. Approximately half were female, half male. All mice were fed a natural ingredient diet, NIH-31 and were maintained under pathogen free conditions. A total of 135 lesions was observed. The rate of occurrence of each of 35 common lesions is described for each age/genotype/sex in the study. Fifteen lesions are described in detail. Highly significant differences were found between mice of the same age, sex and genotype in the two diet groups in the percent rate of occurrence of total lesions, total tumors, and total lymphoid nodules of various organs. These parameters generally increased with age in both diet groups. For example, of female mice of all genotypes at 24 months, 51% AL and 13% DR mice had tumors. These percentages were 123% and 17% respectively at 30 months. The evidence presented here suggests that total tumors, total lymphoid nodules, total lesions, and absence of lesions are all useful measures of aging, independent of the life span, that reflect the long known effect of dietary restriction on reducing the rate of aging. These parameters, however, only partially reflected the longer life span of hybrid as compared with inbred mice. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BRONSON, RT (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 07747]; NIMHD NIH HHS [263-MD-627770] NR 19 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD FAL PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 169 EP 184 PG 16 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA GP865 UT WOS:A1991GP86500004 PM 1765417 ER PT J AU LANDUCCI, LL AF LANDUCCI, LL TI APPLICATION OF MODERN LIQUID-STATE NMR TO LIGNIN CHARACTERIZATION .1. ONE-DIMENSIONAL SPECTRAL EDITING TECHNIQUES SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE C-13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY; JMOD; LIGNIN; APT; MILLED-WOOD LIGNIN; DEPT; ACETYLATED LIGNIN; INEPT; QUAT; ASPEN ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; C-13 NMR; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ENHANCEMENT; DEPT; SEQUENCE; SIGNALS AB Spin-echo (JMOD, APT, and QUAT) and polarization-transfer (DEPT and INEPT) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were compared and evaluated for the C-13 NMR characterization of lignins. A combination of experiments was advantageous for optimal information content, especially in the assignment of weak signals. Details concerning the implementation of the various experiments and their advantages and disadvantages are described. RP LANDUCCI, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD SEP PY 1991 VL 45 SU S BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.s1.55 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GM998 UT WOS:A1991GM99800011 ER PT J AU SIMON, PW GABELMAN, WH FRANKLIN, DF AF SIMON, PW GABELMAN, WH FRANKLIN, DF TI JONES,HENRY,A. (1889-1981) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXTENS,DEPT HORT,PARMA,ID 83660. RP SIMON, PW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1118 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000004 ER PT J AU WELKER, WV GLENN, DM AF WELKER, WV GLENN, DM TI GROWTH-RESPONSE OF YOUNG PEACH-TREES TO DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF VEGETATION-FREE AREA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; ORCHARD FLOOR MANAGEMENT; WEED CONTROL ID SOD PROXIMITY AB Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees were grown for five growing seasons in uniform-sized vegetation-free areas arranged in three patterns within a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) sod. Trees grown in a vegetation-free area arranged in a strip pattern grew better than trees grown either in the center or edge of a square. The distribution pattern of the vegetation-free area influenced growth during the first 4 years; however, at the end of 5 years, differences in canopy width and trunk cross-sectional area were minimal. Thus, there is much latitude in distributing the available vegetation-free area as orchard floor management practices dictate. RP WELKER, WV (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1141 EP 1142 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000012 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM ROBERTS, BW SCHATZER, RJ AF RUSSO, VM ROBERTS, BW SCHATZER, RJ TI FEASIBILITY OF TRELLISED CUCUMBER PRODUCTION SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AB Trellising was evaluated for its effects on yields of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars Dasher II, Marketmore 76, and PetoTripleMech at Lane and Wilburton, Okla. Trellising improved total and marketable yield at both locations compared with ground culture. 'PetoTripleMech', evaluated as a fresh-market cultivar, produced yields equal to, or higher than, the other cultivars. Average marketable fruit weight was not affected by trellising but was affected by cultivar at Lane, with 'PetoTripleMech' having the heaviest fruit. Economic analysis indicated that trellising is a viable management system for small-scale cucumber production. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,WES WATKINS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,LANE,OK 74555. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1156 EP 1158 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000018 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE TI QUALITY OF STORED MARSH AND RUBY RED GRAPEFRUIT AFTER HIGH-TEMPERATURE, FORCED-AIR TREATMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; CITRUS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; POSTHARVEST; CONDITION; QUALITY AB 'Marsh' and 'Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) tolerated a high-temperature, forced-air, vapor heat treatment of 43.5C for 260 minutes, a treatment applied for security against the Caribbean fruit fly [Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)]. Fruit did not develop symptoms of quality deterioration during subsequent storage. With 'Marsh' fruit, 99% and 96% were sound, whereas with 'Ruby Red' 98% and 94% were sound after storage at 10C for 28 days or 10C for 28 days plus 7 days at 21C, respectively. Differences in means for percentage of sound fruit were not significant for cultivar or vapor heat treatment. After the final storage period, there was significantly more (2.4-fold, P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) aging observed on 'Ruby Red' fruit than on 'Marsh', averaged over all treatments. Vapor heat did not affect aging of 'Ruby Red' but increased aging of 'Marsh' fruit. Decay was reduced to almost-equal-to 2.0% in vapor heat-treated fruit from 5.0% for nontreated fruit. The efficacy of thiabendazole to control stem end rot was increased on vapor heat-treated fruit compared with nontreated fruit. After the final inspection, the appearance of 'Marsh' fruit was fresher (index 2.0) than that of 'Ruby Red' fruit (index 2.3), but the appearance of vapor heat-treated and nontreated fruit was similar. Peel color of 'Ruby Red' fruit was not affected by the vapor heat treatment, but, after 4 weeks at 10C plus 1 week at 21C, 'Marsh' fruit that were not treated were greener than those treated with vapor heat. The vapor heat treatment tested is a potentially viable quarantine procedure for Florida grapefruit that can be applied without adversely affecting fruit quality during normal storage. RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1188 EP 1191 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000031 ER PT J AU MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE AF MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE TI ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE, RESPIRATION, AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AS INDEXES OF CHILLING INJURY IN GRAPEFRUIT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POSTHARVEST; CITRUS-PARADISI AB Storage of 'Marsh' white seedless grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) for 2 weeks at 5C resulted in the development of chilling injury (CI). Electrolyte leakage from chilled fruit did not increase significantly until CI had become severe, and was therefore considered to be of limited value as an early indicator of CI. In contrast to electrolyte leakage, respiration and ethylene evolution were significantly higher in chilled than in nonchilled fruit, even before the onset of visual symptoms of CI. Respiration rates ranged from almost-equal-to 8 to 11 and 5 to 7 ml CO2/kg per hour in chilled and nonchilled fruit, respectively. Ethylene evolution was not detected from nonchilled fruit, whereas chilled fruit produced from 45 to 250 nl ethylene/kg per hour. Results of this study indicate that electrolyte leakage does not increase until visible pitting of the flavedo has occurred, whereas stimulation of respiration and ethylene evolution occur early in the development of CI. RP MCCOLLUM, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 9 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1191 EP 1192 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000032 ER PT J AU WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M AF WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M TI CHANGES IN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY DURING THIDIAZURON-INDUCED LATERAL BUDBREAK OF APPLE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; FREE RADICALS; GROWTH SUBSTANCE ID LOCALIZATION; DORMANCY; PLANTS AB The effects of thidiazuron on changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. York Imperial) buds during dormancy break were determined. Dormant buds had low SOD activity. Increased SOD activity was correlated with budbreak induced by thidiazuron. Buds contained three distinct forms of SOD: Cu, Zn-SOD; Mn-SOD; and Fe-SOD. Most of the SOD activity in apple buds was attributed to Cu and Zn-SOD, followed by Mn-SOD. Iron-SOD was not present in dormant buds, and only a trace amount was found as buds started rapid expansion. Chemical name used: N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3,-thidiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron). RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1202 EP 1204 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000037 ER PT J AU RUBINO, DB AF RUBINO, DB TI PERFORMANCE OF 15 EXACUM-AFFINE GENOTYPES IN A LOW-IRRADIANCE ENVIRONMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERSIAN VIOLET; SIMULATED HOME ENVIRONMENT; GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY; POSTHARVEST ID SIMULATED HOME CONDITIONS AB Fifteen cultivated genotypes of Exacum affine Balf. were evaluated for flower development and for flower and leaf color at 0 days (marketable stage, almost-equal-to 25% of plant canopy covered with flowers), and after 14 and 28 days of maintenance in a low-irradiance environment (almost-equal-to 1-mu-mol.m-2.s-1 photosynthetically active radiation from cool-white fluorescent lights for 12 hours daily). Flowering and flower color development were reduced, but leaf color improved during maintenance under low irradiance. Variability was observed among the 15 genotypes for flower bud and flower color development in a low-irradiance environment. RP RUBINO, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1215 EP 1216 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000042 ER PT J AU WALKER, MA LIDER, LA GOHEEN, AC OLMO, HP AF WALKER, MA LIDER, LA GOHEEN, AC OLMO, HP TI VR 039-16 GRAPE ROOTSTOCK SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VITIS; GRAPE BREEDING; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FANLEAF DEGENERATION C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP WALKER, MA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VITICULTURE & ENOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1224 EP 1225 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GH450 UT WOS:A1991GH45000049 ER PT J AU STABEL, TJ MAYFIELD, JE TABATABAI, LB WANNEMUEHLER, MJ AF STABEL, TJ MAYFIELD, JE TABATABAI, LB WANNEMUEHLER, MJ TI SWINE IMMUNITY TO AN ATTENUATED SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM MUTANT CONTAINING A RECOMBINANT PLASMID WHICH CODES FOR PRODUCTION OF A 31-KILODALTON PROTEIN OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; T-CELLS; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; LAMINA PROPRIA; B-SUBUNIT; MICE; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LYMPHOCYTES AB Salmonella typhimurium chi-4064, an attenuated DELTA-cya DELTA-crp mutant of S. typhimurium SR-11, was shown to be avirulent in swine. S. typhimurium chi-4064 was used as a carrier for plasmid pBA31-R7, which codes for the expression of a 31-kDa protein from Brucella abortus (BCSP31). Given orally, S. typhimurium chi-4064(pBA31-R7) colonized the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of 5- to 6-week-old crossbred swine. Orally immunized animals developed serum and intestinal antibody responses to the B. abortus 31-kDa protein and to salmonella endotoxin as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Similarly immunized swine did not develop delayed-type hypersensitivity following a subcutaneous injection of recombinant BCSP31. However, swine parenterally immunized with recombinant BCSP31 incorporated in Freund incomplete adjuvant did develop a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to the homologous antigen. The data indicated that oral presentation of antigen to swine in the context of recombinant S. typhimurium effectively stimulated mucosal and systemic antibody-mediated immunity but failed to sensitize swine for either an antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity or a blastogenic response to the cloned BCSP31. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET MED RES INST,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 59 IS 9 BP 2941 EP 2947 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GD020 UT WOS:A1991GD02000013 PM 1908827 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP SHEN, SK AF DUBEY, JP SHEN, SK TI RAT MODEL OF CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; GONDII AB A rat model of congenital toxoplasmosis is described for the study of protective immunity and chemotherapy during pregnancy. Six Sprague-Dawley 7- to 15-day gestational rats were inoculated orally (three rats, trial A) or subcutaneously (three rats, trial B) with 10,000 infective oocysts of the CT-1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The tissues of rat pups born from these rats were bioassayed for T. gondii infection. T. gondii was recovered from 30 of 33 (90.9%, trial B) and 23 of 28 (82.17%, trial A) rat pups bioassayed at 1 to 134 days of age. Two 10- to 14-day gestational pregnant rats were inoculated subcutaneously (trial C) with 10,000 infective bradyzoites from tissue cysts; 10 of 23 (43.8%) of the newborn pups were infected with T. gondii. Congenital infection occurred only when rats were infected during pregnancy. None of three rats in trial A that had given birth to congenitally infected rat pups produced congenitally infected rat pups during the second pregnancy. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 59 IS 9 BP 3301 EP 3302 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GD020 UT WOS:A1991GD02000065 PM 1879945 ER PT J AU PALMER, GH MCELWAIN, TF PERRYMAN, LE DAVIS, WC REDUKER, DR JASMER, DP SHKAP, V PIPANO, E GOFF, WL MCGUIRE, TC AF PALMER, GH MCELWAIN, TF PERRYMAN, LE DAVIS, WC REDUKER, DR JASMER, DP SHKAP, V PIPANO, E GOFF, WL MCGUIRE, TC TI STRAIN VARIATION OF BABESIA-BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE-EXPOSED EPITOPES SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID NEUTRALIZATION-SENSITIVE EPITOPE; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; CATTLE; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; PROTEINS; DEFINE AB Babesia bovis merozoites are exposed to antibodies during the extraerythrocytic phase, and surface polypeptides bearing exposed epitopes are possible immunogens. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the merozoite surface bind either immunodominant epitopes expressed diffusely on the merozoite surface or, alternatively, epitopes expressed in a polar pattern. Epitopes expressed diffusely on the immunodominant 42- and 44-kDa merozoite polypeptides were not conserved among strains from geographically diverse regions. In contrast, epitopes expressed in a polar pattern on the merozoite surface were conserved among nine strains and clones. Identification of variable and conserved epitopes provides a basis for defining antigenic variation and cross-protective immunity. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. KIMRON VET INST,DEPT PARASITOL,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP PALMER, GH (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 15 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 59 IS 9 BP 3340 EP 3342 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GD020 UT WOS:A1991GD02000076 PM 1715329 ER PT J AU SNAPPER, CM YAMAGUCHI, H URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD AF SNAPPER, CM YAMAGUCHI, H URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD TI INDUCTION OF LY-6A-E EXPRESSION BY MURINE LYMPHOCYTES AFTER INVIVO IMMUNIZATION IS STRICTLY DEPENDENT UPON THE ACTION OF IFN-ALPHA-BETA AND OR IFN-GAMMA SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LY-6A-E EXPRESSION; MURINE LYMPHOCYTES; IFN-ALPHA-BETA; IFN-GAMMA ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; T-CELL ACTIVATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; LYMPHOID-CELLS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PROTEINS; MICE AB Ly-6A/E is a phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein which mediates murine T and B cell signalling. IFN-gamma, IFB-alpha/beta, LPS, and IL-4 have all been reported to induce or upregulate Ly-6A/E by normal lymphocytes. Since no systematic study has addressed the stimulant selectivity of Ly-6A/E expression by murine lymphocytes nor investigated its induction and regulation during primary in vivo immune responses we analyzed in vitro Ly-6A/E expression after multiple stimuli and during a number of distinct in vivo immunizations. We show that LPS induces B cell Ly-6A/E in vitro by stimulating the release of IFN-alpha/beta by 'contaminating' adherent cells. In the presence of anti-IFN-gamma + anti-IFN-alpha/beta antibodies, no Ly-6A/E was induced upon addition of multiple cytokines, including IL-4, or mitogenic doses of anti-Ig antibody. Furthermore, IFN-gamma-containing, CD4+ T cell (T(h)1) supernatants potently induced Ly-6A/E by murine B cells whereas IL-4-containing (T(h)2) supernatants were either weak or ineffective; anti-IFN-gamma + anti-IFN-alpha/beta inhibited Ly-6A/E induction by both T(h)1 and T(h)2 supernatants. Immunization of mice with Brucella abortus or poly (I) . poly (C) resulted in induction of Ly-6A/E expression by virtually all B and T cells, whereas injection of G-alpha-M-delta led to peak induction of Ly-6A/E by approximately 50% of both B and T cells. Lymphocytes from mice infected with the nematode parasites Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus expressed no Ly-6A/E. Injection of mice with anti-IFN-gamma and/or anti-IFN-alpha/beta antibodies at the time of immunization abrogates Ly-6A/E induction in all model systems tested. These results indicate that Ly-6A/E is a highly selective, if not exclusive, marker of in vitro and in vivo IFN action and may thus play a role in cell-mediated immune responses. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SNAPPER, CM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI21328] NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0953-8178 J9 INT IMMUNOL JI Int. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 3 IS 9 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1093/intimm/3.9.845 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA GE616 UT WOS:A1991GE61600001 PM 1931812 ER PT J AU COHEN, WB AF COHEN, WB TI TEMPORAL VERSUS SPATIAL VARIATION IN LEAF REFLECTANCE UNDER CHANGING WATER-STRESS CONDITIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAVES AB Leaf reflectance changes associated with changes in water stress were analysed in two separate experiments. Results indicate that the variation in reflectance among collections of leaves of a given species all at the same level of water stress is at least as great as the variation in reflectance associated with changes in water stress for a given leaf collection of that species. The implication is that results from leaf reflectance-water stress studies have only limited applicability to the remote sensing of plant canopy water stress. RP COHEN, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1865 EP 1876 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GE543 UT WOS:A1991GE54300007 ER PT J AU KLAVONS, JA BENNETT, RD VANNIER, SH AF KLAVONS, JA BENNETT, RD VANNIER, SH TI NATURE OF THE PROTEIN CONSTITUENT OF COMMERCIAL ORANGE JUICE CLOUD SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The cloud of five commercial orange juice concentrates contained an average of 52.4% protein. Most of the cloud protein was soluble in the chaotropic reagent 10 M urea-6% citric acid, pH 2.5. The cloud of two ready-to-serve pasteurized orange juices showed much the same behavior as the concentrates, although the total cloud weights and cloud protein contents were less. Some of the cloud appears to be formed during juice processing. The primary causes of the protein insolubility in the juice are due to inherently insoluble protein, complex formation with low molecular weight organic cloud constituents, and covalent bonding to other cloud constituents. Protein-pectin complex formation is believed to play only a minor role. RP KLAVONS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1021/jf00009a001 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GF929 UT WOS:A1991GF92900001 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK AF MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK TI CHANGE IN APPLE FRUIT VOLATILES AFTER STORAGE IN ATMOSPHERES INDUCING ANAEROBIC METABOLISM SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; AROMA QUALITY; ALCOHOLS AB Delicious apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) stored in 0.05% O2/0.2% CO2, 1-degrees-C, for 30 days developed large concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde. The accumulation of products of anaerobic metabolism resulted in altered synthesis of fruit volatiles, most notably a large increase in the amount of ethyl acetate. Several ethyl esters, not detectable from control fruit, were present in headspace samples collected from apples stored in 0.05% O2/0.2% CO2 including ethyl propanoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, and ethyl octanoate. The increase in the emission of these compounds was accompanied by a decrease in the amounts of other esters requiring the same carboxylic acid group for synthesis. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP MATTHEIS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 26 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1602 EP 1605 DI 10.1021/jf00009a012 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GF929 UT WOS:A1991GF92900012 ER PT J AU MICICH, TJ AF MICICH, TJ TI BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER-SUPPORTED TOMATINE TOWARD CHOLESTEROL IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF BUTTER OIL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Insoluble carboxy-functionalized polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymers were bonded to tomatine at 0.03-0.11 mmol of tomatine/g of polymer. Tomatine was added either to the poly(styrenecarboxyl chloride) or directly to the (carboxymethyl)polystyrene through the mediation of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Tomatinized polymers removed cholesterol from hexane solutions of butter oil or cholesterol; however, the complex formed in the presence of butter oil is of low stability. Cholesterol was completely removed and the polymers were regenerated by benzene extraction at room temperature. Cholesterol bound to tomatinized polymers is not stable to 2-methyl-1-propanol extraction. Cholesterol uptake by tomatinized polymers was most efficient when hexane was the solvent. RP MICICH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1610 EP 1613 DI 10.1021/jf00009a014 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GF929 UT WOS:A1991GF92900014 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA VROOMEN, H AF LARSON, BA VROOMEN, H TI NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND LAND DEMANDS AT THE UNITED-STATES REGIONAL LEVEL - A PRIMAL APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION MODELS; INPUT; TECHNOLOGY; POLICIES; FARMS AB A primal approach for estimating nitrogen, phosphorus and land demands at the regional level is developed based on the first-order conditions for expected profit maximisation. The approach is applied to State-level data on corn production in the US Corn Belt. The empirical results suggest that technologies in corn production differ significantly across the region, and, consistent with earlier studies in Ireland, fertiliser demands have become less responsive to own-price changes over time. These results are consistent with structural and technological changes that have occurred in agriculture. RP LARSON, BA (reprint author), USDA,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ECON RES SERV,ROOM 508,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOC PI ABERDEEN PA UNIV OF ABERDEEN DEPT OF AGRICULTURE 581 KING STREET, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND AB9 1UD SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 42 IS 3 BP 354 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00360.x PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GH695 UT WOS:A1991GH69500007 ER PT J AU BRAZEE, RD REICHARD, DL BUKOVAC, MJ FOX, RD AF BRAZEE, RD REICHARD, DL BUKOVAC, MJ FOX, RD TI A PARTITIONED ENERGY-TRANSFER MODEL FOR SPRAY IMPACTION ON PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RETENTION C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP BRAZEE, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 50 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0021-8634(05)80002-2 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GF812 UT WOS:A1991GF81200002 ER PT J AU NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R CUNDIFF, LV DICKERSON, GE GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM AF NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R CUNDIFF, LV DICKERSON, GE GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM TI LIFETIME PRODUCTION OF BEEF HEIFERS CALVING 1ST AT 2 VS 3 YEARS OF AGE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; AGE AT FIRST CALVING; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; EFFICIENCY ID PERFORMANCE; COWS AB Records of Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, and first-cross cows born from 1960 to 1963 were used to study the effect of age at first calving and culling policy on cumulative survival (SU), number of breeding seasons (BS), pregnancies (PG), calves born (CB) and alive at 72 h (C72) and at weaning (CW), calf weaning weights (WW), and input/output efficiency, up to 12 yr of age. The 155 cows born in 1960 and 1961 calved first at 3 yr of age (M3) and the 173 born in 1962 and 1963 calved at 2 yr of age (M2). Analyses included both actual culling of cows open in two consecutive years (AC) and imposed culling of any open cow (IC). Also, economic efficiency for no culling (NC) of cows for infertility after first calving and up to 10 yr of age was calculated. The model included cow birth year-sire breed of cow (Y-S), sires within Y-S, breed of cow's dam (D), and D x Y-S. Linear functions of Y-S were used to estimate means for M2 and M3 cows. Under AC, by 12 yr of age M2 exceeded M3 cows by 6.8% SU, 1.1 BS, 1.2 PG, 1.1 CB, 1.0 C72, .9 CW, and 138 kg WW (P < .10). Under IC, M2 exceeded M3 cows by only .7% SU, .3 BS, .3 PG, .3 CB, .2 C72, and .1 CW; and M3 produced 24 kg more WW than M2 cows (P < .10). Economic efficiency was higher for M2 than for M3 cows (> 10% at 6 yr to > 5% at 12 yr culling age), regardless of culling policy. Economic efficiency was maximum when terminal age of cows was 6 to 9 yr for M2 and 8 to 9 yr for M3 cows. Repeatability of pregnancy was higher (P < .05) for M3 (19%) than for M2 (2%) cows. Economic efficiency for M2 or M3 cows under NC was slightly poorer (2 to 3%) than under either AC or IC policies. Economic efficiency can be improved by managing heifers to calve first as 2-yr-olds under either mild or intense culling of open cows. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI A218,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3467 EP 3479 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400003 PM 1938633 ER PT J AU NOTTER, DR KELLY, RF BERRY, BW AF NOTTER, DR KELLY, RF BERRY, BW TI EFFECTS OF EWE BREED AND MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM ON EFFICIENCY OF LAMB PRODUCTION .3. MEAT CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; MEAT; SYSTEMS; TASTE PANELS; BREEDS; FLAVOR ID RAM LAMBS; SLAUGHTER WEIGHT; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; CARCASS COMPOSITION; FLAVOR PROFILE; PALATABILITY; QUALITY; CASTRATION; DIET; SEX AB Effects of management system, ewe breed, sex, and legume grazing on cooking and sensory characteristics and shear force of lamb meat were estimated from data collected on animals produced in three management systems. System 1 lambs were born in late fall and fed to slaughter on a concentrate diet. System 2 lambs were born in January and February and grazed pure stands of alfalfa or ladino clover after weaning. System 3 lambs were born in March and April and remained with their dams on native bluegrass-white clover pasture throughout the grazing season. Lambs were progeny of either 1/2-Suffolk, 1/2-Rambouillet ewes or 1/2-Suffolk, 1/4-Finnsheep, 1/4-Rambouillet or Dorset ewes and were sired by Suffolk rams. Lambs were slaughtered at 50 (females) to 55 kg (males). One-half of the males in System 1 were left intact; all males in Systems 2 and 3 were castrated. Mean age at slaughter was 156, 204, and 234 d for lambs in Systems 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Cooked weight of loin chops averaged 68.5% of uncooked weight and did not differ among systems. Shear force was greatest for System 1 lambs and least for System 3 lambs in yr 1, but systems did not differ in shear performance in yr 2. System differences in tenderness favored System 3 lambs. Although mean flavor intensity was least for System 2 lambs, the frequency of high-intensity, potentially objectionable flavors was highest for these lambs and especially for those grazing alfalfa. In general, however, sensory characteristics did not differ greatly among production systems, and correlation analysis revealed little potential to use carcass traits to predict meat characteristics. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NOTTER, DR (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3523 EP 3532 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400009 PM 1938639 ER PT J AU GREEN, RD CUNDIFF, LV DICKERSON, GE AF GREEN, RD CUNDIFF, LV DICKERSON, GE TI LIFE-CYCLE BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF BOS-INDICUS X BOS-TAURUS AND BOS-TAURUS CROSSBRED COW-CALF PRODUCTION TO WEANING SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; BREEDS; CROSSBREEDING; EFFICIENCY; DETERMINISTIC MODELS ID ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH; HEREFORD; HEIFERS; MAINTENANCE; PUBERTY; BREED AB A deterministic model was developed that accounted for all biological inputs and outputs for a theoretical herd of F1 females at age equilibrium mated to produce three-way terminal-cross calves and for the required proportion of straightbred cows needed to produce replacements. Two Bos indicus x Bos taurus vs two Bos taurus x Bos taurus types of crossbred cows were compared in the production environment of south-central Nebraska. The four types of F1 females were from Hereford (H) or Angus (A) dams and by H or A (HA), Pinzgauer (Pz), Brahman (Bm), or Sahiwal (Sw) sires. The crossbred females were assumed mated to Red Poll (R) sires for their first calving and to Simmental (S) sires thereafter. Two evaluations of efficiency for each of the four breeding systems were total cow and calf feed energy input 1) per unit of only weaned calf weight output (CALFEFF, Mcal/kg) and 2) per unit of weaned calf plus .55 x cull cow weight output (TVALEFF, Mcal/kg). Results for a terminal age of 7 yr in systems using HA, Pz, Bm, and Sw crossbred cows, respectively, were 64.9, 64.5, 60.9, and 59.3 Mcal/kg for CALFEFF and 45.7, 46.4, 44.1, and 43.7 Mcal/kg for TVALEFF. Changing terminal age to 11 yr reduced CALFEFF about 6% but increased TVALEFF about 7%, because total inputs increased more than output value (10 vs 3%) from 7 to 11 yr terminal ages. These results suggest differences in efficiency among these breed crosses favoring the Bos indicus crossbred cows by over 4% in this particular environment. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3544 EP 3563 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400011 PM 1938641 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI BREED EFFECTS AND HETEROSIS IN ADVANCED GENERATIONS OF COMPOSITE POPULATIONS FOR BIRTH-WEIGHT, BIRTH DATE, DYSTOCIA, AND SURVIVAL AS TRAITS OF DAM IN BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; HETEROSIS; BREED DIFFERENCES; BIRTH WEIGHT; DYSTOCIA; CALF SURVIVAL AB Heterosis effects were evaluated as traits of the dam in F2 progeny of F1 dams and F3 and 4 progeny of F2 and 3 dams in three composite populations of beef cattle. Traits included birth weight, birth date, calving difficulty percentage, and survival percentage at birth, 72 h, and weaning for calves with dams of different age classes. Breed effects were evaluated for the nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R], Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C]) that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 C, 1/4 B, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, 1/4 A). Among calves with 2-yr-old dams, breed effects were significant for birth weight, birth date, calving difficulty percentage, and survival percentage at birth but not at 72 h and weaning. Calf survival at weaning was lowest for smallest (< mu- 1.5-sigma) and largest (> mu + 1.5-sigma) birth weight classes and did not differ among intermediate birth weight classes. Calves with difficult births with 2-yr-old dams were significantly heavier at birth (39.6 vs 35.4 kg) and had significantly lower survival at 72 h (87.1 vs 92.2%) and at weaning (77.4 vs 85.1%) than calves with 2-yr-old dams that did not experience difficult births. Among calves with dams greater-than-or-equal-to 3 yr old and from dams of all ages, breed group effects generally were significant for the traits analyzed. Important breed group effects on dystocia and survival traits were observed independent of breed group effects on birth weight. Effects of heterosis were significant for birth weight for each generation of each composite population and for the mean of the three composite populations. general, heterosis effects for calving difficulty percentage were not significant. Effects of heterosis generally were significant for date of birth (earlier) for each composite population and for the mean of the three composite populations. Heterosis effects on survival to weaning percentage generally were positive but generally were not significant. Heterosis retained for birth weight, birth date, and survival percentage in combined F3 and 4 generation progency of combined F2 and 3 generation dams did not differ (P > .05) from expectation based on retained heterozygosity. These results support the hypothesis that heterosis in cattle for these traits is the result of dominance effects of genes. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3574 EP 3589 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400013 PM 1938643 ER PT J AU CLAWSON, AJ GARLICH, JD COFFEY, MT POND, WG AF CLAWSON, AJ GARLICH, JD COFFEY, MT POND, WG TI NUTRITIONAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, GENETIC, SEX, AND AGE EFFECTS ON FAT-FREE DRY-MATTER COMPOSITION OF THE BODY IN AVIAN, FISH, AND MAMMALIAN-SPECIES - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE BODY COMPOSITION; PROTEIN CONTENT; ASH CONTENT; NUTRITIONAL STATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE; GENETIC EFFECTS ID ENERGY-INTAKE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; GROWTH-RATE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; GROWING-PIGS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ACID COMPOSITION; MINERAL CONTENT; PREGNANT EWE; FEED-INTAKE AB The purpose of this review is to outline and interpret the effects of nutrition, physiological state, sex, genetics, and age on composition of the fat-free dry matter of birds, mammals, and fishes in order to test the hypothesis that the protein:ash ratio in the body is constant. Calculations from a broad array of published data revealed that nutritional factors, including mineral, protein and amino acid nutriture, frequency and level of feeding, and energy intake and nonnutritional factors, including physiological state, sex, genetic background, and age of animal, may each alter the ratio of protein:ash in the body. All or part of the response may be associated with changes in accretion of body protein and(or) skeletal development and mineralization imposed by these nutritional and nonnutritional factors. In most cases of amino acid or protein deficiency, the protein:ash ratio was decreased relative to the control because the deposition of protein in muscle and viscera was reduced more than the growth and mineralization of the skeleton. In other cases, the protein:ash ratio was increased relative to a control because the dietary Ca or P intake or absorption limited skeletal mineralization. More knowledge is needed of how skeletal development and protein:ash ratio in the body is regulated, especially under the influence of nutritional, ontogenetic, and physiological variables among different genotypes of mammals, birds, and fishes. Documentation that the protein:ash ratio in the whole body of representative mammals, birds, and fishes is not constant, but is subject to manipulation, has important physiological and economic implications for developing food animals for the efficient production of lean meat. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILD NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP CLAWSON, AJ (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 130 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3617 EP 3644 PG 28 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400018 PM 1938646 ER PT J AU LESHIN, LS RUND, LA KRAELING, RR KISER, TE AF LESHIN, LS RUND, LA KRAELING, RR KISER, TE TI THE BOVINE PREOPTIC AREA AND MEDIAN-EMINENCE - SITES OF OPIOID INHIBITION OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE-SECRETION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; LHRH; OPIOID RECEPTORS; NALOXONE ID POSTPARTUM BEEF-COWS; OPIATE RECEPTORS; LH-SECRETION; HYPOTHALAMUS INVITRO; GROWTH-HORMONE; SYNAPTIC INPUT; BINDING-SITES; MALE-RAT; NALOXONE; BRAIN AB Autoradiography was used to quantify opioid receptors in the median eminence (ME) and preoptic area (POA) of the brain of eight heifers, and in vitro perifusion of ME and POA tissue from seven cows and heifers was used to examine the release of LHRH after administration of naloxone (NAL). For quantitative receptor autoradiography, [H-3]NAL was used as the radioligand and NAL or morphine as competitors. Specific binding of [H-3]NAL in POA and ME resulted in linear Scatchard plots with similar equilibrium dissociation constants (K(d) = 4.2 +/- 1.1 nM) and mean binding site densities in the POA and ME (POA: 80.3 +/- 5.8; ME 67.5 +/- 8.0 fmol/mm2). There were no differences between mean binding site densities of zonas externa and interna of the ME; however, between various regions of the POA within individual animals, binding site densities varied threefold (47.6 to 165.1 fmol/mm2). During in vitro perifusions of isolated POA and ME, basal LHRH secretion from ME decreased (P < .001) from 15.9 +/- 1.8 to 7.3 +/- .8 pg/10 min fraction (500-mu-l) but remained constant for POA (3.1 +/- .4 pg/fraction). Injections of medium alone did not affect LHRH secretion. Although there was no significant dose (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) effect, NAL increased (P < .05) LHRH efflux from the ME and POA when administered at 110 min from the initiation of perifusion and again at 200 min for ME but not for POA. All tissues responded to KCl (30 mM) administered at 290 min of perifusion with increased (P < .001) LHRH efflux. Both immunoreactive-LHRH and immunoreactive-beta-endorphin were immunocytochemically localized in neurons from some of these perifused tissues. We suggest that endogenous opioids suppress LHRH secretion by actions on specific opioid receptors located within the POA and ME of the brain. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP LESHIN, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. OI rund, laurie/0000-0003-0761-7196 NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3733 EP 3746 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400029 PM 1657852 ER PT J AU LUGINBUHL, JM FISHER, DS POND, KR BURNS, JC AF LUGINBUHL, JM FISHER, DS POND, KR BURNS, JC TI IMAGE-ANALYSIS AND NONLINEAR MODELING TO DETERMINE DIMENSIONS OF WET-SIEVED, MASTICATED FORAGE PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; MASTICATION; FORAGE; CATTLE ID COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS HAY; INGESTIVE MASTICATION; WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; SIZE REDUCTION; CATTLE; STEERS; FRAGMENTATION; PASSAGE AB A procedure to estimate dimensions of digesta particles was developed and evaluated. After wet sieving, particles of masticated switchgrass and bermudagrass hays retained on sieves with apertures of 1.0 mm2 or larger were placed on moist white filter paper, separated manually, and photographed. Photographs were scanned with a flat-bed scanner, scaled to size, and digitized. Projected area, perimeter, length, and width of particles were determined by a microcomputer system. Variables derived for each particle included the form factor, which was defined as (4 x pi x area)/perimeter2, and each particle's length: width ratio. Ninety-three percent of data from two trails with steers had significant lack of fit (P < .05 to P < .0001) to normal, lognormal, Weibull, or gamma distributions. As an alternative, individual particle measurements were summed on a cumulative percentage basis for each variable and were fit to an inverted Gompertz function to estimate median, mode, and mean dimensions of scanned particles. Estimates from the equation fit the distribution well; asymptotic SE averaged 3.5 and 1.4% of parameter means for dimensions of masticated switchgrass and bermudagrass hay particles, respectively. No analytic solution exists for the mean, which must be estimated numerically, but analytic solutions are available for the median and mode. Use of this equation will prevent bias caused by lack of fit to a particular distribution and yield more accurate estimates of mean particle dimensions than arithmetic means. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP LUGINBUHL, JM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3807 EP 3816 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400037 PM 1938660 ER PT J AU HOUSE, WA CROOKER, BA BAUMAN, DE AF HOUSE, WA CROOKER, BA BAUMAN, DE TI UTILIZATION OF SULFUR AND OTHER MINERAL ELEMENTS BY GROWING DAIRY HEIFERS TREATED WITH BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY COWS; HEIFERS; SOMATOTROPIN; SULFUR; MINERAL METABOLISM; TRACE ELEMENTS ID PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; HEREFORD HEIFERS; LIPID-METABOLISM; ENERGY-INTAKE; BEEF STEERS; NITROGEN; PROLACTIN; CALCIUM AB Apparent absorption and retention of Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Mn, Zn, and S were determined in Holstein heifers treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST). Six heifers (initial BW averaged 104 kg) were assigned to various doses of bST in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with six consecutive 21-d periods. Treatments were daily i.m. injections of 0, 6.7, 33.3, 66.7, 100, or 200-mu-g of bST/kg of BW on d 8 to 21 of each period. All heifers were fed a hay-concentrate diet, and nutrient digestibilities and balances were determined on d 14 to 20 of each period. Mineral concentrations in feed, water, excreta, and blood plasma were determined with an inductively coupled argon plasma-emission spectrometer. Exogenous bST did not affect apparent absorption or retention of Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Mn, or Zn. Plasma CU concentration was greater (P < .05) in heifers receiving bST (82-mu-g of Cu/dl) than in those receiving excipient (73-mu-g of Cu/dl); plasma concentrations of other elements were not affected by bST. Injection of bST did not affect S absorption, but urinary S excretion decreased (P < .05) and S retention increased (P < .05) as dose of bST increased. The amount of S retained (1.5 g/d) when the heifers received the largest dose of bST was approximately 50% greater than the amount retained when heifers received excipient. These results demonstrate that bST affects the postabsorptive metabolism of S. Generally, bST did not affect nutrient digestibilities. Effects of bST on dietary mineral requirements were not determined because of the relatively short (14 d) treatment periods. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HOUSE, WA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3817 EP 3825 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400038 PM 1938661 ER PT J AU WIGGANS, GR AF WIGGANS, GR TI NATIONAL GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS FOR DAIRY-CATTLE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE MIDWESTERN MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF ANIMAL SCIENCE : NATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF US HERDS AND FLOCKS CY MAR, 1990 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI DE DAIRY CATTLE; GENETIC IMPROVEMENT; GENETIC EVALUATION; SIRE SAMPLING ID SIRE EVALUATION; HETEROGENEITY; TRAITS; LEVEL AB Rate of genetic improvement for milk yield has been increasing in recent years. Cows born in 1986 were about 135 kg superior in breeding value for milk yield to those born in 1985. Over 2.2 million cows contribute new data to genetic evaluations for production traits annually. These evaluations are computed with an animal model that provides best linear unbiased predictions of transmitting abilities for milk, fat, and protein yields and fat and protein percentages. The model includes effects of management group, permanent environment, herd-sire interaction, and animal genetic merit. Unknown-parent groups represent the genetic merit of base populations defined by birth year and sex. Type appraisal data are collected by breed associations and are evaluated with a sire model. Holstein cow evaluations are computed using scores from all appraisals and a multitrait model; evaluations for other breeds are computed using all appraisal scores, a repeatability model, and a single-trait system. Dystocia data are collected by individual AI organizations and dairy records processing centers; they are analyzed by a categorical-trait sire model at Iowa State University with support from the National Association of Animal Breeders. The AI organizations have been extremely important in increasing rate of genetic progress by increasing numbers of young bulls sampled, increasing selection intensity of bull dams through multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, and shortening generation interval through the use of younger cows and some virgin heifers as bull dams. International sales have made an important contribution to financing AI programs. Future evaluations may include additional traits such as mastitis resistance, longevity, and fertility and may be computed more frequently. Additional factors may also be considered in the models. RP WIGGANS, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 69 IS 9 BP 3853 EP 3860 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC934 UT WOS:A1991GC93400041 PM 1938664 ER PT J AU TESKE, ME BENTSON, KP SANDQUIST, RE BARRY, JW EKBLAD, RB AF TESKE, ME BENTSON, KP SANDQUIST, RE BARRY, JW EKBLAD, RB TI COMPARISON OF FSCBG MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH HEATHER SEED ORCHARD DEPOSITION DATA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Aerial applications of esfenvalerate in a Douglas-fir seed orchard in the Oakridge Ranger District of the Willamette National Forest are used to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide treatments to control seed and cone insects of Douglas fir. Data from Kromekote spray deposition cards are compared with canopy penetration and deposition predictions from FSCBG, a Forest Service computer model that predicts the behavior of pesticide sprays released from aircraft. Predictions of canopy penetration and ground deposition are within an average of 7.8% of the overall field dataset. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the simulation model for selecting spray application parameters and describing the environmental distribution of pesticides. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,PORTLAND,OR 97208. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,DAVIS,CA. US FOREST SERV,CTR TECHNOL & DEV,MISSOULA,MT. RP TESKE, ME (reprint author), CONTINUUM DYNAM INC,POB 3073,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1366 EP 1375 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<1366:COFMPW>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GE655 UT WOS:A1991GE65500009 ER PT J AU DOVIDIO, R LAFIANDRA, D TANZARELLA, OA ANDERSON, OD GREENE, FC AF DOVIDIO, R LAFIANDRA, D TANZARELLA, OA ANDERSON, OD GREENE, FC TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAD WHEAT MUTANTS LACKING THE ENTIRE CLUSTER OF CHROMOSOME-6A CONTROLLED GLIADIN COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SEQUENCES; FRAGMENTS; LOCUS; GENE C1 USDA,BERKELEY,CA. RP DOVIDIO, R (reprint author), UNIV TUSCIA,DIPARTIMENTO AGROBIOL & AGROCHIM,VITERBO,ITALY. RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GH423 UT WOS:A1991GH42300004 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR LANDOLT, PJ TUMLINSON, JH CHAMBERS, DL MURPHY, RE DOOLITTLE, RE DUEBEN, BD SIVINSKI, J CALKINS, CO AF HEATH, RR LANDOLT, PJ TUMLINSON, JH CHAMBERS, DL MURPHY, RE DOOLITTLE, RE DUEBEN, BD SIVINSKI, J CALKINS, CO TI ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS, FORMULATION, AND FIELD TESTING OF 3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY PHEROMONE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; PHEROMONE; ATTRACTANT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ETHYL-(E)-3-OCTENOATE; GERANYL ACETATE; (E,E)-ALPHA-FARNESENE ID CONTROLLED RELEASE DEVICES; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; VOLATILE SUBSTANCES; INSECT PHEROMONES; SEX-PHEROMONE; FLIES; IDENTIFICATION; REEVALUATION; TEPHRITIDAE; CAPILLARIES AB Three major components, ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1925 EP 1940 DI 10.1007/BF00993739 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GG642 UT WOS:A1991GG64200016 PM 24257931 ER PT J AU WESLEY, IV WESLEY, RD CARDELLA, M DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ AF WESLEY, IV WESLEY, RD CARDELLA, M DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ TI OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER-FETUS AND CAMPYLOBACTER-HYOINTESTINALIS BASED ON 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DNA PROBES; GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; IDENTIFICATION; JEJUNI; PIGS; CLASSIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; STRAINS AB Deoxyoligonucleotide probes were constructed for the identification of Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter hyointestinalis based on 16S rRNA sequence data. Probes were targeted to hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA. Specificity of oligonucleotide probes was tested in a colony blot assay with type strains of 15 Campylobacter and Arcobacter species as well as in a slot blot format using genomic DNA extracted from field strains of C. fetus and C. hyointestinalis. Two oligonucleotides were constructed for C. fetus that hybridized with equal specificity with each of 57 biochemically confirmed isolates of C. fetus but not with any other Campylobacter species. The C. hyointestinalis probe reacted with 47 of 48 biochemically confirmed field isolates of C. hyointestinalis. In Southern blot hybridization of BglII digests of genomic DNA, the respective probes reacted within three restriction fragments of either C. hyointestinalis (7.2, 8.2, and 10.1 kb) or C. fetus (7.0, 7.7, and 9.0 kb). This suggests multiple copies of genes encoding 16S rRNA. C1 USDA,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. FORSYTH DENT CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP WESLEY, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 49 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1812 EP 1817 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GB716 UT WOS:A1991GB71600012 PM 1723076 ER PT J AU KNOWLES, DP PERRYMAN, LE KAPPMEYER, LS HENNAGER, SG AF KNOWLES, DP PERRYMAN, LE KAPPMEYER, LS HENNAGER, SG TI DETECTION OF EQUINE ANTIBODY TO BABESIA-EQUI MEROZOITE PROTEINS BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED COMPETITIVE-INHIBITION ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI ELISA) was developed to detect antibody to Babesia equi. One hundred fifty-four equine serum samples from 19 countries were tested for antibody to B. equi by the complement fixation test and by CI ELISA. The CI ELISA and complement fixation test results agreed in 94% (144) of the serum samples tested. The 10 discrepant serum samples were retested and analyzed for ability to immunoprecipitate in vitro translation products from B. equi merozoite mRNA. Five discrepant results were clearly resolved in favor of the CI ELISA, and the remaining five discrepancies were not definitively resolved. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP KNOWLES, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 11 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2056 EP 2058 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GB716 UT WOS:A1991GB71600056 PM 1774334 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE JUDD, FW AF EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE JUDD, FW TI EVALUATION OF AIRBORNE VIDEO IMAGERY FOR DISTINGUISHING BLACK MANGROVE (AVICENNIA-GERMINANS) ON THE LOWER TEXAS GULF-COAST SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; REMOTE SENSING; TEXAS GULF COAST; COMPUTER IMAGE ANALYSES AB Airborne color-infrared (CIR) video imagery was evaluated for mapping black mangrove [Avicennia germinans (L.) L.] populations on the lower Texas gulf coast. Video imagery of black mangrove sites was obtained in December 1989. Results showed that black mangrove populations had a distinct red signature on the CIR video imagery that could be separated from other vegetation, soil, and water. Computer-based image analyses of the imagery showed that black mangrove populations could be quantified. Airborne video data provides a near-real-time tool for distinguishing and delineating black mangrove communities and should be useful for assessing damage to populations following catastrophic weather events such as freezes and tropical storms. Aerial surveys are also less costly to conduct with video than with photography. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1173 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA GF130 UT WOS:A1991GF13000016 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RS AF WILLIAMS, RS TI EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION ON PAINTED WOOD - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AIR-POLLUTION DAMAGE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; COATINGS; SORPTION; FILMS; DURABILITY; SUBSTRATE; TRANSPORT; POLYIMIDE; EROSION AB Acidic deposition has captured the attention of many researchers during the last decade and considerable knowledge has been gained in many disciplines including forestry, limnology, atmospheric sciences, and materials science. The study of the degradation of materials by acidic deposition has included the effects on wood, paint, and painted wood. The literature pertinent to the effects of acidic deposition and its precursors on these materials is critically reviewed. The subjects include transport properties of paints and polymers, the reactions of acids with paint components, and the degradation of wood. The research on acidic effects on paint degradation leaves many questions unanswered and the review forms the basis for future research recommendations. RP WILLIAMS, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 63 IS 800 BP 53 EP 73 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA GF671 UT WOS:A1991GF67100001 ER PT J AU CAPUTO, MR LYNCH, L AF CAPUTO, MR LYNCH, L TI IMPLICATIONS OF ENDOGENOUS PRICES IN CONSUMER THEORY - THE CASE OF BARTER AND THE CONSUMER COOPERATIVE SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1990 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP W ECON ASSOC ID ECONOMICS; MONEY C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP CAPUTO, MR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5967 J9 J COMP ECON JI J. Comp. Econ. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1016/0147-5967(91)90023-M PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA GH624 UT WOS:A1991GH62400002 ER PT J AU PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW MCCOMBS, C AF PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW MCCOMBS, C TI ALGINATE CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF METRIBUZIN SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE CONTROLLED RELEASE; METRIBUZIN; ALGINATE; ADSORPTION; CHARCOAL AB The release rates of metribuzin from various alginate-clay formulations were investigated. The standard formulation consisted of 1% alginate-1% metribuzin congruent-to 10% clay and 88% water. The type of alginate was found to have little effect on release rate but did affect the physical properties of both the slurry and the dried beads. The replacement of clay with adsorbents for organic compounds (4% adsorbent-6% clay) indicated no advantage for alumina, silica gel, and Celite. With charcoal, a slow down of release was observed but some metribuzin was irreversibly adsorbed. If a ratio of 1% charcoal-9% clay was used, then the rate of release was slowed and only 8% of the metribuzin was irreversibly adsorbed. The adsorbent formulations had phytotoxicity comparable to commercial formulations of metribuzin. RP PEPPERMAN, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD SEP PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0168-3659(91)90136-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GH354 UT WOS:A1991GH35400011 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM TI 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR MODELING OF BOVINE CASEINS - KAPPA-CASEIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; MILK PROTEINS ID SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; BETA-CASEIN; PREDICTION; MILK; TEMPERATURE; MICELLAR; PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE; TURNS AB Three-dimensional structures derived from X-ray crystallography are extremely important in elucidating relationships between structure and function for many proteins. However, not all proteins can be crystallized. The caseins of bovine milk are one class of noncrystallizable proteins. The complete primary and partial secondary structures of these proteins are known, but homologous proteins with known crystallographic structure are not available. In this report, sequence-based predictions of secondary structure were made and adjusted to conform with global secondary structures derived from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. With this information, a three-dimensional structure for kappa-casein was constructed using molecular modeling computer programs. The constructed model contains two unstranded beta-sheets; both are predominately hydrophobic and capable of forming quaternary structural interaction sites with alpha-s1-casein. This unrefined structure is in good agreement with much of the biochemical information available for kappa-casein. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2879 EP 2889 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GC667 UT WOS:A1991GC66700009 PM 1779047 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM TI 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR MODELING OF BOVINE CASEINS - ALPHA-S1-CASEIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; MILK PROTEINS ID SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; PREDICTION; CONFORMATION; PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE; CHYMOSIN; TURNS AB Structures derived from X-ray crystallography are extremely important in elucidating functional relationships for many proteins. However, the caseins of bovine milk are one class of noncrystallizable proteins. The complete primary and partial secondary structures of these proteins are known, but homologous proteins of known crystallographic structure cannot be found. Therefore, sequence-based predictions of secondary structure were made and adjusted to conform with global secondary structures determined by Raman spectroscopy. With this information, a three-dimensional structure for alpha-s1-casein was constructed using molecular modeling programs. The predicted structure of alpha-s1-casein contains a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic domain, which are connected by a segment of alpha-helix. This unrefined structure shows good agreement with global biochemical and chemical information concerning alpha-s1-caseins A, B, and C. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2889 EP 2895 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GC667 UT WOS:A1991GC66700010 PM 1779048 ER PT J AU BRAMLEY, AJ SCHULTZE, WD AF BRAMLEY, AJ SCHULTZE, WD TI EFFECT OF MILKING WITHOUT PULSATION ON TEAT DUCT COLONIZATION WITH STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE AND PENETRABILITY TO ENDOTOXIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MASTITIS; STREPTOCOCCI; PULSATION ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KERATIN; COWS AB Forty quarters of 10 cows were milked for a 9-d period with one of four treatments: 1) no linear pulsation, 2) conventional milking, 3) no pulsation for 4 d followed by conventional milking for 5 d, and 4) conventional milking for 4 d followed by milking without pulsation for 5 d. All teat orifices were inoculated with approximately .5 million cfu of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae on d 1 and 5. Recoveries of Strep. agalactiae from the teat end were increased for teats milked without pulsation. Recoveries of Strep. dysgalactiae were lower than those of Strep. agalactiae and not increased by milking without pulsation. In a second experiment, teats of 20 cows were milked for a 15-d period with or without liner pulsation. For 10 successive milkings, all teats were inoculated with 1.0-mu-g of Escherichia coli endotoxin either immediately or 2.5 h after each milking. The frequency of endotoxin penetration, measured by the Wisconsin Mastitis Test, in pulsated quarters and in nonpulsated quarters was similar. For quarters milked without pulsation but not for pulsated quarters, inoculation of endotoxin immediately after milking led to greater incidence of teat duct penetration than for inoculation 2.5 h after milking. C1 AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,COMPTON LAB,NEWBURY RG16 0NN,BERKS,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MASTITIS & MILK SECRET LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2982 EP 2988 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GC667 UT WOS:A1991GC66700024 PM 1779054 ER PT J AU FALDET, MA SATTER, LD AF FALDET, MA SATTER, LD TI FEEDING HEAT-TREATED FULL FAT SOYBEANS TO COWS IN EARLY LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; SILAGE; PROTEIN; ROASTING ID DAIRY-COWS; EXTRUDED SOYBEANS; WHOLE COTTONSEED; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; MEAL; MILK; METABOLISM; SOLVENT; GLUCOSE; SILAGE AB Forty-six multiparous Holstein cows were fed one of three total mixed diets from 15 to 119 d postpartum with alfalfa silage as the only forage. Each diet contained 50% forage and 50% concentrate on a DM basis. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous by replacing corn and solvent soybean meal with raw soybeans or heat-treated soybeans. The proportion of protein supplement in the diet on a DM basis was 10% soybean meal, 13% raw soybeans, or 13% heat-treated soybeans. The soybeans were heat-treated to maximize the amount of available lysine passing to the small intestine. The soybean meal diet was fed to all cows during wk 1 and 2 postpartum for covariate adjustment of DMI and milk production. Intake of DM was similar across treatments. Feeding heat-treated soybeans supported more milk (4.5 kg/d), 3.5% FCM (4.0 kg/d), and milk protein (.09 kg/d) than soybean meal or raw soybeans. Milk fat percentage was not altered by treatments. However, milk protein percentage was depressed in cows fed heat-treated soybeans compared with soybean meal (2.85 vs. 2.99%, respectively). Milk production response of cows fed properly heat-treated soybeans compared with soybean meal with alfalfa silage as the sole forage is thought to be related primarily to improved supply of undegraded intake protein. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 38 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 3047 EP 3054 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GC667 UT WOS:A1991GC66700030 PM 1779058 ER PT J AU LOPEZGUISA, JM SATTER, LD PANCIERA, M AF LOPEZGUISA, JM SATTER, LD PANCIERA, M TI UTILIZATION OF ENSILED CORN CROP RESIDUES BY HOLSTEIN HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMMONIA; DIGESTIBILITY; BY-PRODUCTS; BRASSICA ID YEARLING DAIRY HEIFERS; STOVER SILAGE DIETS; POULTRY EXCRETA; FEEDING VALUE; DIGESTION; GROWTH; AMMONIA; DIGESTIBILITY; STALKLAGE AB Corn crop residues were harvested 1 to 2 d after harvest of high moisture corn. Half the harvested residues were treated with an aqueous solution of ammonia before ensiling to give 34 g of ammonia/kg of residue DM. The untreated half was the control silage. Both silages were ensiled in bunker silos. More residues were harvested 2.5 wk later from the same field and combined with Brassica napus L. before ensiling in a bag, and this constituted the third forage treatment. Three diets containing 48.8, 46.5, and 63.8% residue silage (DM basis), with the latter containing corn crop residue and brassica in a 3:1 ratio, were designated as control, ammoniated, and brassica, respectively. The other ingredients of the diet were alfalfa silage, cracked corn, and urea. The diets were fed to Holstein heifers averaging 186 kg (light BW) and 372 kg (heavy BW). Weight gains were similar at 84 d for heifers fed the control and the ammoniated residue diets. Light and heavy heifers gained 619 and 631 g/d with the control diet and 678 and 631 g/d with the ammoniated residue diets. At 70 d, the heavy heifers fed control, ammoniated, and brassica diets had weight gains of 629, 671, and 786 g/d, respectively. Digestion coefficients were similar between the control and ammoniated residue diets: DM (62.6 and 58.7%), NDF (56.7 and 56.2%), and ADF (56.3 and 55.8%). Ammonia treatment of corn crop residue silage had no effect on animal performance or digestibility. Brassica appeared to improve animal performance when it was mixed with corn crop residue silage. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 3160 EP 3166 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GC667 UT WOS:A1991GC66700041 PM 1663960 ER PT J AU BONCZEK, RR RICHARDSON, DO MOORE, ED MILLER, RH OWEN, JR DOWLEN, HH BELL, BR LANGHOLFF, WK AF BONCZEK, RR RICHARDSON, DO MOORE, ED MILLER, RH OWEN, JR DOWLEN, HH BELL, BR LANGHOLFF, WK TI DIRECT RESPONSE IN YIELD AND CORRELATED RESPONSE IN COMPONENTS ACCOMPANYING SELECTION FOR MILK-YIELD IN JERSEYS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SELECTION; MILK YIELD; DIRECT RESPONSE ID RANDLEIGH JERSEYS; SIRE SELECTION; PROFITABILITY; LACTATIONS; POPULATION; EFFICIENCY; HOLSTEINS; TRENDS; HERD AB In 1967, the Jersey herd at the Dairy Experiment Station, Lewisburg, TN was divided into two groups on the basis of ancestry, type, and breeding value for milk as part of a project to determine effects of single trait selection for high milk yield on yield and correlated traits. Control group was mated randomly to 20 unproven young sires selected randomly from those available from breeding studs in 1967. Selection group was mated to sires selected solely on the basis of their high transmitting ability for milk. Selection sires were selected at intervals and used for 4 yr. By the end of the project (1984), lactation information was available on 672 daughters (520 selection and 152 control) of 37 bulls (17 selection and 20 control). Differences in breeding values for milk, fat, and fat test as calculated from the PTA reported in the July 1989 USDA genetic evaluations and differences in first lactation mature equivalent production of milk, fat, fat test, and 4% FCM were examined. Linear mixed models were used for all analyses and contained the fixed effects group, generation within group, and year. Sires were random, nested within group, and used to test for group differences. Groups differed for all traits. Selection was superior to control in breeding value for milk and fat (828 and 31 kg) and for production of milk, fat, and 4% FCM (1066, 42, and 1061 kg). Control was superior to selection in breeding value and production fat test (.15 and .12%). Group differences existed within generation class for all yield traits but not for fat percentage. Realized response closely matched or exceeded expected response as estimated from pedigree information. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. RP BONCZEK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 3209 EP 3222 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GC667 UT WOS:A1991GC66700047 PM 1779070 ER PT J AU MALIK, AS AF MALIK, AS TI PERMANENT VERSUS INTERIM REGULATIONS - A GAME-THEORETIC ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article RP MALIK, AS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0095-0696(91)90037-J PG 13 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GA373 UT WOS:A1991GA37300003 ER PT J AU DENNIS, DF SENDAK, PE AF DENNIS, DF SENDAK, PE TI FACTORS INFLUENCING INVOLVEMENT OF A FORESTER IN MANAGING NONINDUSTRIAL FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT; PRIVATE FORESTRY RP DENNIS, DF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, BURLINGTON, VT 05402 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 33 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80093-3 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GG985 UT WOS:A1991GG98500007 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, HW AF SCHROEDER, HW TI PREFERENCE AND MEANING OF ARBORETUM LANDSCAPES - COMBINING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SCHROEDER, HW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 16 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-4944 J9 J ENVIRON PSYCHOL JI J. Environ. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 231 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80185-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA GK013 UT WOS:A1991GK01300002 ER PT J AU KOTULA, AW DUBEY, JP SHARAR, AK ANDREWS, CD SHEN, SK LINDSAY, DS AF KOTULA, AW DUBEY, JP SHARAR, AK ANDREWS, CD SHEN, SK LINDSAY, DS TI EFFECT OF FREEZING ON INFECTIVITY OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII TISSUE CYSTS IN PORK SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OOCYSTS; VIABILITY; PIGS; MICE AB To study the effect of low temperatures on infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts, pork from infected pigs was mixed with infected mouse brains and homogenized thoroughly. Twenty-gram samples of infected homogenized meat which were sealed in plastic pouches, pressed to a uniform thickness resulting in samples having the dimensions of approximately .2 x 16 x 18 cm, were subjected to temperatures of -1 to -171.1-degrees-C for 1 s to 67.2 d. Treated samples were digested in HCl-pepsin solution and infectivity assayed in mice. A regression model from these data is described by the least squares linear regression: Square root of time for the inactivation of T. gondii (h) = 26.72 + 2.16 temperature (degrees-C) with r = 0.77. T. gondii tissue cysts remained viable usually up to 22.4 d at -1 and -3.9-degrees-C and 11.2 d at -6.7-degrees-C but were usually rendered nonviable by freezing at -12.37-degrees-C. These data demonstrate that T. gondii tissue cysts are inactivated by freezing more readily than encysted Trichinella spiralis larvae. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KOTULA, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 18 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 54 IS 9 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GE393 UT WOS:A1991GE39300005 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW SONGPRASERTCHAI, S BOYD, G AF THAYER, DW SONGPRASERTCHAI, S BOYD, G TI EFFECTS OF HEAT AND IONIZING-RADIATION ON SALMONELLA - TYPHIMURIUM IN MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-CHANGES; IRRADIATION; INACTIVATION; THERMORADIATION; POULTRY AB Response-surface methodologies were used to examine the effects of gamma-irradiation temperature and dose preceded or followed by heating at 60-degrees-C for 3 min on the survival of Salmonella typhimurium in mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM). The effects of irradiation temperature and dose were significant. Heating the inoculated chicken meat before irradiation did not sensitize the bacteria to the effects of the ionizing radiation. Treating the inoculated chicken meat with gamma radiation made the Salmonella much more sensitive to the effects of heat. For example, 3 min of heat at 60-degrees-C followed by a radiation dose of 0.90 kGy at 0-degrees-C decreased the number of survivors by 6.4-log units; when the irradiation occurred prior to heating, the decrease was 8.9-log units. Independent studies revealed that the effect of cooking was directly dependent upon the irradiation dose regardless of the order in which the heat and radiation treatments were applied. The effect of irradiation on the survival of the Salmonella was not dependent on the amount of heat applied regardless of the order in which the treatments were applied. There was no evidence of a gamma-radiation, dose-dependent decrease in the thermal D10 value at 60-degrees-C of S. typhimurium in MDCM. The increased gamma-radiation, dose-dependent sensitivity of irradiated Salmonella in MDCM to heat did not change even when the irradiated meat was stored for periods of up to 6 weeks at 5-degrees-C prior to heating. C1 OFF ATOM ENERGY PEACE,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 54 IS 9 BP 718 EP 724 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GE393 UT WOS:A1991GE39300010 ER PT J AU SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M WHIPPLE, G WHEELER, TL MILLER, MF CROUSE, JD REAGAN, JO AF SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M WHIPPLE, G WHEELER, TL MILLER, MF CROUSE, JD REAGAN, JO TI PREDICTORS OF BEEF TENDERNESS - DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBCUTANEOUS FAT THICKNESS; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION INDEX; BOVINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; YOUNG BULL CARCASSES; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; PALATABILITY; POSTMORTEM; MEAT; QUANTIFICATION AB Equations were developed to predict beef longissimus dorsi (LD) tenderness after postmortem refrigerated aging. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and myofibril fragmentation indices (MFI) were determined at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days postmortem on LD of Angus-Hereford (AH, n = 8) and 5/8 Brahman crossbred (n = 8) heifer carcasses. Correlation coefficients between WBSF and MFI were -0.91, -0.74, -0.63, and -0.40 at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days postmortem, respectively. None of the traits measured correlated significantly with 14-day WBSF (P > 0.05). A three-variable prediction equation that included 24-hr calcium-dependent protease (CDP) inhibitor activity, 0-hr CDP-I activity and 24-hr cystatin activity accounted for 63% of the variation in 14-day WBSF. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 31 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 7 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1130 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04718.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000003 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ MENICHILLO, DA AF MILLER, AJ MENICHILLO, DA TI BLOOD FRACTION EFFECTS ON THE ANTIBOTULINAL EFFICACY OF NITRITE IN MODEL BEEF SAUSAGES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; BOVINE LACTOFERRIN; CURED MEAT; IRON; INHIBITION; GROWTH; OXIDE AB Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum was studied in a model cured beef sausage containing 0-5% added dried bovine blood fractions. Controls which contained nitrite but without blood fractions, were toxic by bioassay in 3 wk at 27-degrees-C. Controls without nitrite or blood fractions were toxic at 1 wk, while model sausages supplemented with hemoglobin, red cells, or whole blood were toxic in 1-3 wk. Plasma yielded no detectable toxin for 4 to > 10 wk depending upon addition level. Sausages showing delayed toxigenesis had pH values lower than those which developed toxin earlier. These results demonstrated that use of blood fractions that increased iron levels in beef above 30-mu-g/g interfered with the antibotulinal efficacy of sodium nitrite. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1158 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04723.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000008 ER PT J AU ZUBILLAGA, MP MAERKER, G AF ZUBILLAGA, MP MAERKER, G TI QUANTIFICATION OF 3 CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION-PRODUCTS IN RAW MEAT AND CHICKEN SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY COLUMN METHOD; AUTOXIDATION; MUSCLE; OXIDES; FOODS; DISPERSIONS; EXTRACTION; SEPARATION; LIPIDS AB Raw veal, beef, pork, and chicken muscle tissues were extracted by a modified dry column procedure in which silicic acid was incorporated in the trap of the column. This method separated cholesterol derivatives from the bulk of neutral lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol. Isolation of sterols by preparative thin layer chromatography followed by quantification by direct on-column capillary gas chromatography permitted measurement of 7-ketocholesterol, cholesterol 5-alpha, 6-alpha-epoxide, and cholesterol 5-beta,6-beta-epoxide at concentrations less than 1 ppm. All muscle tissues contained the three cholesterol products in measurable quantities. 7-Ketocholesterol constituted more than 50% of the oxidation products in all samples. RP ZUBILLAGA, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1194 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04732.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000017 ER PT J AU KONSTANCE, RP AF KONSTANCE, RP TI AXIAL-COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF KAMABOKO SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURIMI; GELS; PROTEIN; FISH; TEXTURE AB Kamaboko, gelled seafood product from frozen surimi, has distinctive textural properties. Characterization of those properties, using an integrated approach to rheological studies, was accomplished by means of an instrumental texture profile analysis and evaluation of resultant stress-strain relationships. The material had near-ideal area expansion even at compressions of 60% while retaining its highly elastic texture. Apparently the product did not yield through 80% compression. Hardness of the kamaboko at 80% compression was characterized by a local maximum at 37.5-degrees-C which may have been related to processing temperature of the initial surimi gel-set used in a double-gel-set procedure. Evaluation of stress-strain relationships confirmed the incompressible nature of the gel and showed relatively slight variations between the Young's modulus and the deformability modulus. The elastic limit of the kamaboko increased significantly as temperature increased from 25 to 50-degrees-C. RP KONSTANCE, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1291 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04754.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000039 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, LC FLEMING, HP DAESCHEL, MA AF MCDONALD, LC FLEMING, HP DAESCHEL, MA TI ACIDIFICATION EFFECTS ON MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS DURING INITIATION OF CUCUMBER FERMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRINED CUCUMBERS; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; BLOATER FORMATION AB Addition of acetic acid (0.067M) or calcium acetate (0.133 M) to the cover brine (1.94M NaCl) of cucumbers reduced naturally occurring Enterobacteriaceae, but not lactic acid bacteria (LAB), during the first 5 days after brining. Naturally occurring LAB were predominantly heterofermentative (greater-than-or-equal-to 80%) 1 day after brining and homofermentative (greater-than-or-equal-to 90%) on the 5th day. Enterobacteriaceae survived longer within cucumbers than in brine, particularly in nonacidified cucumbers. Starter cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum or Pediococcus pentosaceus decreased 90-99.9% during the first 10 hr after addition and did not increase until about 30 h after brining. Obtaining predominant fermentation of brined cucumbers by added cultures was difficult due to presence of natural microflora on/in the cucumbers and the harsh environment of the brine (high salt, low nutrients). C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MCDONALD, LC (reprint author), NUTRASWEET CO,BOX 2387,AUGUSTA,GA 30903, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1353 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04771.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000056 ER PT J AU TATSUMI, Y WATADA, AE WERGIN, WP AF TATSUMI, Y WATADA, AE WERGIN, WP TI SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF CARROT STICK SURFACE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF WHITE TRANSLUCENT APPEARANCE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Carrot sticks that were prepared with a sharp culinary knife exhibited a whitish translucent appearance on the surface. This condition was not readily apparent with carrot sticks sliced with a razor sharp blade. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the translucent tissue revealed that the knife tended to shear, separate and compress the cells and tissues of the root. Dehydration of the large mass of exposed cells probably was responsible for the appearance of the whitish translucent tissue. Development of this condition is undesirable because consumers associate this with aged or nonfresh carrot sticks. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 4 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1359 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04772.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000057 ER PT J AU HERNANDEZ, E BAKER, RA AF HERNANDEZ, E BAKER, RA TI CANDELILLA WAX EMULSION, PREPARATION AND STABILITY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Wax in water emulsions were prepared with candelilla wax using a modified conventional method of high pressure homogenization for foods. The resulting emulsions were compared to coconut oil-in-water emulsions. A model based on spectra absorbance analysis was used to evaluate creaming rates of wax-in-water emulsions as well as coconut oil-in-water emulsions, prepared at different homogenization pressures. It showed creaming rates for wax-in-water emulsions were lower than for oil-in-water emulsion. Wax-in-water emulsions prepared at 4100 kPa produced suspended globules of 1.89-mu-m in size; emulsions prepared at higher homogenization pressures produced smaller average particle sizes, i.e., 0.66-mu-m at 27560 kPa. C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. RP HERNANDEZ, E (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1382 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04779.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000064 ER PT J AU STRANGE, ED VANHEKKEN, D THOMPSON, MP AF STRANGE, ED VANHEKKEN, D THOMPSON, MP TI QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF CASEINS WITH REVERSE-PHASE AND ANION-EXCHANGE HPLC SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BOVINE-MILK PROTEINS; SKIM MILK; IDENTIFICATION AB Whole native caseinate (WNC) and casein (CN) fractions from preparative DE-52 cellulose urea columns were chromatographed using C-8 reverse-phase (RP) and DEAE-type anion-exchange (AEx) HPLC system. With RP, alpha-s2-CN and kappa-CN eluted first as several small peaks; alpha-s1-CN eluted later as two peaks, followed by beta-CN peaks. With AEx, kappa-CN eluted early as a group of peaks, beta-CN eluted next, and alpha-s1-CN and alpha-s2-CN coeluted last. Standard curves were prepared for alpha-s1-CN and beta-CN using RP-PHLC and showed correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The caseins in WNC, nonfat dry milk casein, commercial casein(ates) and caseins from milks of individual cows were determined. RP STRANGE, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,REG RES SERV,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1420 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb04787.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GL080 UT WOS:A1991GL08000072 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT ON EARLY GROWTH OF POTAMOGETON-GRAMINEUS L SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; PECTINATUS L; PLANTING DEPTH; TUBER SIZE; GERMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; ECOLOGY AB Early growth of Potamogeton gramineus L. was evaluated at several combinations of temperature (10 to 35 C) and light (7 to 213 umol m-2 s-1) in laboratory cultures. Leaf production rates were positive except at 35 C, and generally increased at higher light levels. Leaf production was reduced at 10 or 35 C. At low light levels (< 65 umol m-2 s-1), elongation rate increased with temperature. The maximum rate occurred at 25 or 30 C. At higher light levels, elongation rate decreased at higher temperatures. At low light levels (< 25 umol m-2 s-1), dry weight decreased over time. At these light levels, rates were more negative at high temperatures. At high light levels (> 65 umol m-2 s-1) dry weight increased and appeared to be a function of temperature. At greater-than-or-equal-to 65 umol m-2 s-1 P. gramineus was photosynthetically sufficient within 4 weeks of sprouting. Comparison of P. gramineus and P. pectinatus showed that P. gramineus would not grow as rapidly under early season conditions. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,AQUAT WEED LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1080/02705060.1991.9665299 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GN009 UT WOS:A1991GN00900001 ER PT J AU COOPER, CM AF COOPER, CM TI INSECTICIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS OF AN INTENSIVELY CULTIVATED WATERSHED IN MISSISSIPPI SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERMETHRIN; TOXICITY AB Concentrations of three currently used insecticides (fenvalerate, permethrin, and methyl parathion) were documented in major watershed components of Moon Lake, Mississippi and its 166 km2 watershed over a three year period. Moon Lake (10.1 km2), an oxbow of the Mississippi River, receives flow through a series of wetlands from a flatland watershed intensively cultivated in cotton, soybeans, and rice. None of the three insecticides were detected in watershed soils, but they were found sporadically in wetland and lake sediments, water and fish. Twenty-six percent of the 110 fish collected had measurable concentrations of the insecticides. Detection of all three insecticides, especially methyl parathion, in fish tissue suggested that they have sufficient persistence for uptake and, perhaps, bioaccumulation. The occurrence of banned organochlorine insecticides in the ecosystem was also observed, especially during runoff, and it also indicated the importance of watershed management practices on long term water quality. RP COOPER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1080/02705060.1991.9665300 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GN009 UT WOS:A1991GN00900002 ER PT J AU WINGET, RN MANGUM, FA AF WINGET, RN MANGUM, FA TI ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF TRICORYTHODES-MINUTUS TRAVER (EPHEMEROPTERA, TRICORYTHIDAE) IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVERLAP AB Based on data from 892 stations in 11 western states two geographic populations of Tricorythodes minutus Traver are described. The Great Basin population was found in streams that had sedimented substrate, sparse riparian vegetation, low channel gradients, and moderate to high concentrations of alkalinity and sulfates. The other population, found in California and Oregon, commonly occupied streams with moderate siltation, dense riparian vegetation, and low alkalinity and sulfate concentrations. The differences between the two populations could be the result of competitor or predator avoidance by one or both populations, or different limiting seasonal or irregular events may cause the separation. It is possible that the two populations represent subspecies or even two distinct species. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT REG,OGDEN,UT 84401. RP WINGET, RN (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV HAWAII,DIV MATH SCI & TECHNOL,LAIE,HI 96762, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1080/02705060.1991.9665311 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GN009 UT WOS:A1991GN00900013 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA AF PEDERSON, GA TI INHERITANCE OF SHORT INTERNODES IN WHITE CLOVER SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note AB A genotype (Upright VRG) of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with short internodes was identified from the Southern Regional Virus Resistant (SRVR) germplasm. Plants with the short internode trait had smaller areas of stolon spread, greater height (petiole length), and fewer flowers than did normal white clover. Genetic analyses of the F1, F2, and backcross progenies of reciprocal crosses between Upright VRG and normal white clover clones were conducted. No differences due to reciprocal effects were found between any of the crosses or backcrosses. All F1 progeny had normal internodes except for two probable selfs. The F2 progeny segregated in a 15:1 ratio of normal to short internodes, indicating that the short internode trait was controlled by two recessive genes. The gene symbols i1 and i2 are proposed for this new trait. RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 82 IS 5 BP 418 EP 420 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA GQ521 UT WOS:A1991GQ52100010 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR ABNEY, TS AF WILCOX, JR ABNEY, TS TI INHERITANCE OF A NARROW, RUGOSE-LEAF MUTANT IN GLYCINE-MAX SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note AB Genetic studies of a narrow, rugose-leaf soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] mutant indicated the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive allele, designated Inr. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and bioassays on cv Bansei soybean demonstrated the mutant phenotype was not due to soybean mosaic virus, tobacco ring spot virus, tomato ring spot virus, or tobacco streak virus. The narrow, rugose-leaf mutant is maintained as T313 in the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Genetic Type Collection at Urbana, Illinois. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP PROD & PATHOL RES,MIDWEST AREA,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 82 IS 5 BP 421 EP 423 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA GQ521 UT WOS:A1991GQ52100012 ER PT J AU RUBINO, DB DAVIS, DW AF RUBINO, DB DAVIS, DW TI MAINTENANCE OF TROPICAL ISOZYME ALLELES DURING RANDOM MATING IN A SEMIEXOTIC MAIZE COMPOSITE SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID SELECTION; DRIFT AB Information on the maintenance of tropical germplasm in temperate sweet corn x tropical maize composites would influence decisions about the number and geographic location of random mating cycles to facilitate gene flow before recurrent selection for temperate-zone adaptation. This study was conducted to determine if tropical germplasm is lost during random mating as a result of natural selection in a temperate environment. Frequencies of unique tropical isozyme alleles were estimated for the four initial cycles of random mating following the intercrossing of 11 temperate sweet corn inbred parents with 17 tropical maize parents. Variations in the frequencies of two of nine alleles of tropical origin were significantly (P < .05) greater than could be attributable to genetic drift alone. However, only allele Glu 1-9, contributed by the Mexican parent Elotes Conicos (Comp. Gto. Gpo. 13), appeared to have a significant (P < .05) linear decrease in frequency over cycles. Directional natural selection did not have a large impact on the five genomic regions marked by segregating isozyme loci, reflecting conservation of tropical germplasm during the early years of adaptation. Tropical germplasm in temperate x tropical maize composites can be maintained even when the composite is random mated in a temperate environment. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP RUBINO, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,ROOM 208,BLDG 104,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 82 IS 5 BP 423 EP 425 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA GQ521 UT WOS:A1991GQ52100013 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP AF JAUHAR, PP TI SEARS,ERNEST,R. (1910-1991) - A SCIENTIST, A MAN, A VISIONARY - IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Item About an Individual ID GENETIC-CONTROL; CHROMOSOME RP JAUHAR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY AGR RES CTR,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 82 IS 5 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA GQ521 UT WOS:A1991GQ52100018 PM 1940287 ER PT J AU SWAIM, P PODGURSKY, M AF SWAIM, P PODGURSKY, M TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC-LOSSES AMONG DISPLACED WORKERS - A REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES LA English DT Note ID JOB DISPLACEMENT C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP SWAIM, P (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0022-166X J9 J HUM RESOUR JI J. Hum. Resour. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 742 EP 755 DI 10.2307/145983 PG 14 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA GR271 UT WOS:A1991GR27100008 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, NL AF COLEMAN, NL TI TURBULENT VELOCITY PROFILES FOR SMOOTH AND ROUGH OPEN CHANNELS - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP COLEMAN, NL (reprint author), USDA,NAT SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1991 VL 117 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1221 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:9(1219.2) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GD591 UT WOS:A1991GD59100012 ER PT J AU WANG, LY STREETT, DA HENRY, JE AF WANG, LY STREETT, DA HENRY, JE TI NOSEMA-MONTANAE N-SP (MICROSPORIDA, NOSEMATIDAE), A PARASITE FROM THE GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS-PACKARDII (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIGHT MICROSCOPY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROSPORIDIA; GRASSHOPPER; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION; NOSEMA-MONTANAE N-SP C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,ENTOMOL RES LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP WANG, LY (reprint author), BEIJING AGR UNIV,DEPT PLANT PROTECT,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90065-X PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GE051 UT WOS:A1991GE05100008 ER PT J AU WIYGUL, G SIKOROWSKI, PP AF WIYGUL, G SIKOROWSKI, PP TI OXYGEN-UPTAKE IN LARVAL BOLLWORMS (HELIOTHIS-ZEA) INFECTED WITH IRIDESCENT VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON BOLLWORM; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; IRIDESCENT VIRUS ID LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; ARMADILLIDIUM-VULGARE; TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS; IRIDOVIRUS; COLEOPTERA C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WIYGUL, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90069-3 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GE051 UT WOS:A1991GE05100012 ER PT J AU STYER, EL HAMM, JJ AF STYER, EL HAMM, JJ TI REPORT OF A DENSOVIRUS IN A COMMERCIAL CRICKET OPERATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; DENSOVIRUS; PARVOVIRIDAE; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CRICKET PATHOGEN C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & PEST MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP STYER, EL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,VET DIAGNOST & INVEST LAB,POB 1389,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90076-3 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GE051 UT WOS:A1991GE05100019 ER PT J AU GILLIAM, M TABER, S AF GILLIAM, M TABER, S TI DISEASES, PESTS, AND NORMAL MICROFLORA OF HONEYBEES, APIS-MELLIFERA, FROM FERAL COLONIES SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE APIS-MELLIFERA; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; FERAL BEE COLONIES; DISEASES; NOSEMA-APIS; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA ID GREATER WAX MOTH; APIARIAN SOURCES; BEE COLONIES; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; MICROBES; FRASS; POPULATION; MICROORGANISMS; STREPTOMYCIN RP GILLIAM, M (reprint author), USDA,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 58 IS 2 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90077-4 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GE051 UT WOS:A1991GE05100020 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ AF TROUT, TJ TI FURROW GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Furrow shape information is required for modeling and evaluating furrow irrigation. Currently used shape models assume the furrow perimeter is rigid so that only the flow depth increases with capacity. Acutal furrow perimeters are not rigid and may widen as their capacity increases. If the furrow width increases proportionally with flow depth, the flow cross-sectional shape remains constant and only the size increases with capacity. This constant-shape model results in simple generalized relationships between the hydraulic and geometric parameters, which simplifies analysis of the complicated interactions that occur during furrow irrigation. The two shape models are compared conceptually and against field measurements. The rigid-perimeter model better matches field-measured furrow shapes and is easier to rationalize conceptually. However, both models match the important relationships between furrow geometric parameters and hydraulic parameters equally well. The most important relationship between flow area and uniform flow section factor is insensitive to both the model and shape. The predictions of both models are more sensitive to the furrow top width-to-flow depth ratio than to shape. RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), USDA,RES SERV,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 117 IS 5 BP 613 EP 634 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:5(613) PG 22 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA GF906 UT WOS:A1991GF90600001 ER PT J AU CHAMPION, DF KRUSE, EG OLSEN, SR KINCAID, DC AF CHAMPION, DF KRUSE, EG OLSEN, SR KINCAID, DC TI SALT MOVEMENT UNDER LEVEL-BASIN IRRIGATION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Level-basin irrigation has been studied at two sites in western Colorado for seven years. This paper describes changes in the salinity profile in the root zone under level-basin irrigation. On soils with initially low salt content, salt concentrations in the soil profiles increased under level-basin irrigation, because the irrigation efficiencies are greater than for prior practices. Conversely, good water management and uniform applications on level basins lowered the salt content in the top 60 cm of soils with high initial salt content. After a few years of level-basin irrigation with Colorado River water, in either case, the salt content equilibrated at levels that do not restrict growth of common field crops. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 117 IS 5 BP 642 EP 655 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:5(642) PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA GF906 UT WOS:A1991GF90600003 ER PT J AU CLEMMENS, AJ AF CLEMMENS, AJ TI IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY RELATIONSHIPS FOR IRRIGATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB For a given level of irrigation uniformity there is a trade-off between the amount of water applied and the area that receives some target amount of water. If the distribution of infiltrated depth is known (e.g., a normal distribution), then the relation between these two can be quantified. In addition, the average amount in that area not receiving the target amount can be determined with the relations provided herein. It is shown how these relations can be used with combination of variance techniques to make decisions on the gross amount of water to apply to an irrigation set, a field, a farm, or a group of farms based on target amounts to be applied and the area that is to receive this desired amount. RP CLEMMENS, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 117 IS 5 BP 682 EP 699 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:5(682) PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA GF906 UT WOS:A1991GF90600006 ER PT J AU MUSICK, JT AF MUSICK, JT TI EFFECTS OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON WHEAT YIELDS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP MUSICK, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 117 IS 5 BP 806 EP 808 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:5(806) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA GF906 UT WOS:A1991GF90600016 ER PT J AU BARNARD, DR AF BARNARD, DR TI MECHANISMS OF HOST TICK CONTACT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (ACARI, IXODIDAE) IN BEEF-CATTLE FORAGE AREAS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; HOST CONTACT; APPETENCE ID LONE STAR TICK; DROP-OFF RHYTHMS; HEBRAEUM KOCH; FIELD CONDITIONS; BONT TICK; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MEDIATION; DISPERSAL AB At least five groups of parameters regulate contact between ticks and host animals. Group 1 (seasonal effects) and group 2 (daily effects) comprise abiotic parameters and include daylength, temperature, relative humidity, and interactions thereof. Groups 3, 4, and 5 consist of biotic parameters. These pertain to biological processes in ticks (group 3), such as hunger responses and spatial patterns in aphagous tick populations; biological processes in host animals (group 4), such as patterns of habitat use by host animals; and interactions between host animals and ticks (group 5). Host-tick contact is possible when ticks are hungry, when ticks exhibit a positive appetence response, and when ticks and host animals are together in time and space. A descriptive model is proposed to correlate these processes and interactions with the observed behavior of the host-tick contact system in nature. Emphasis in the model is placed on host activity and differences among host types. RP BARNARD, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 5 BP 557 EP 564 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GG448 UT WOS:A1991GG44800001 PM 1941920 ER PT J AU MEOLA, SM WRIGHT, MS HOLMAN, GM THOMPSON, JM AF MEOLA, SM WRIGHT, MS HOLMAN, GM THOMPSON, JM TI LOCALIZATION OF LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN-LIKE PEPTIDES IN THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF THE STABLE FLY WITH IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; NEUROPEPTIDE; MYOINHIBITORY; FMRFAMIDE ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; BLOWFLY OPTIC LOBE; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; AMIDE-LIKE; FMRFAMIDE; DROSOPHILA; LIGHT AB An antiserum raised against leucomyosuppressin (LMS), the first insect neuropeptide shown to inhibit contraction of both visceral and skeletal muscles of insects, revealed the presence of LMS-like material in neurons of the adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Cells and their processes immunoreactive to the LMS antiserum were found in the brain, subesophageal, and thoracico-abdominal ganglia, with the majority of these neurons in the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. Positive immunostaining after preabsorption of the antibodies with the molluscan tetrapeptide FMRFamide, which absorbs the antibodies directed against the C-terminal FLRFamide of LMS, indicates that structural similarities between LMS and the stable fly neuropeptide(s) extend beyond a similar C-terminal tetrapeptide sequence. RP MEOLA, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 5 BP 712 EP 718 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GG448 UT WOS:A1991GG44800024 PM 1941941 ER PT J AU WILSON, WC AF WILSON, WC TI DETECTION OF EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUS IN CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INSECTA; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; GENOME SEGMENTS; DNA PROBES; HYBRIDIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; ASSIGNMENT AB Nucleic acid hybridization was used to detect epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus serotype 1 and serotype 2 in Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett). Adult females were inoculated intrathoracically with virus, then were assayed daily for the presence of viral RNA for 2 wk, at which time maximum virus replication is likely to occur. Viral RNA of EHD serotypes 1 and 2 was first detected by hybridization on days 9 and 7 after infection, respectively, and then for up to 14 days after infection. EHD serotype 1 viral RNA was detected by hybridization in infected flies fixed in ethanol at room temperature for 7 d and in unfixed (frozen) infected flies. However, weak false positives diminished prospects for application of this method. RP WILSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 5 BP 742 EP 744 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GG448 UT WOS:A1991GG44800030 PM 1941947 ER PT J AU CARTWRIGHT, AL AF CARTWRIGHT, AL TI ADIPOSE CELLULARITY IN GALLUS-DOMESTICUS - INVESTIGATIONS TO CONTROL BODY-COMPOSITION IN GROWING CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ADIPOSE CELLULARITY; GROWTH; FAT; CHICKENS ID ABDOMINAL FAT PAD; SERINE PROTEASE HOMOLOG; BROILER-TYPE CHICKENS; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; GROWTH-HORMONE; TISSUE CELLULARITY; FEMALE CHICKENS; WHITE LEGHORN; MESSENGER-RNA; WEIGHT-GAIN AB The domestic chicken, Gallus domesticus, is recognized as an efficient source of lean meat. Genetic selection has resulted in large body size strains that grow rapidly. Concomitant with development of these desirable characteristics is increased abdominal fat deposition and altered body composition. Adipose cellular development in different genetic groups shows that abdominal adipocyte cell number as a proportion of body mass decreases as body size increases, concurrent with increased adiposity. Adipocyte hypertrophy explains a large proportion of the variation in abdominal fat percentage. Growth hormone is correlated with the number and size of abdominal adipocytes across genotype, sex and age. Adipose tissue development and body composition are affected by hormone levels in growing chickens. Possible approaches to modulate fat deposition and adipose cellularity in poultry are reviewed. C1 USDA ARS, POULTRY RES LAB, GEORGETOWN, DE 19947 USA. NR 100 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1486 EP 1497 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GC977 UT WOS:A1991GC97700028 PM 1880626 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ BURRIN, DG AF SHULMAN, RJ BURRIN, DG TI TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION ENERGY COMPOSITION AFFECTS SMALL INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE NEWBORN MINIATURE PIG SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FUEL MIXES; INSULIN; GROWTH; MUCOSA; MASS AB Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) decreases disaccharidase activity in the small intestine of humans and miniature piglets. The possibility, however, that specific components of TPN (eg, the energy mix) will increase disaccharidase activity has largely been unexplored. The identification of such components would be particularly useful in the treatment of premature infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts and patients with small intestinal mucosal disease associated with decreased disaccharidase activity. To determine whether the TPN energy composition affects small intestinal disaccharidase activity, 7-day-old miniature piglet littermates were randomized to receive TPN containing either glucose (group G) or glucose and fat (group G/F) as the nonnitrogen energy source(s). The TPN regimens were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The piglets were not allowed oral intake during the 7 days they were maintained on TPN. At 14 days of age the piglets were killed and the small intestines analyzed for weight, protein, DNA, and disaccharidase activity. Body weight was similar between groups at both the beginning and end of the study. The TPN regimen did not affect small intestinal weight or protein and DNA content. However, jejunal and ileal sucrase and ileal maltase activities (mu-mol/min.kg body wt +/- SD) were greater in group G than those in group G/F (28 +/- 9 vs 19 +/- 11, p = 0.04; 13 +/- 7 vs 7 +/- 4, p = 0.037; and 31 +/- 8 vs 19 +/- 10, p = 0.0088, respectively). No differences in lactase activity were noted between groups. It is concluded that in the absence of oral feedings, a glucose-based TPN regimen in the newborn miniature piglet increases sucrase and maltase activities more than a glucose/fat-based regimen. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SHULMAN, RJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIATR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 15 IS 5 BP 560 EP 563 DI 10.1177/0148607191015005560 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GF110 UT WOS:A1991GF11000013 PM 1942471 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC KNUTSON, CA AF DOEHLERT, DC KNUTSON, CA TI 2 CLASSES OF STARCH DEBRANCHING ENZYMES FROM DEVELOPING MAIZE KERNELS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS L; PULLULANASE; ISOAMYLASE; STARCH HYDROLYSIS ID RICE SEEDS; PURIFICATION; AMYLOPECTIN AB Based on their substrate specificities, two distinct classes of starch debranching enzymes have been isolated from developing maize kernels. One class of enzyme hydrolyzed pullulan most rapidly followed by beta-limit dextrin, amylopectin, and phytoglycogen. This activity was classified as a pullulanase (E.C. # 3.2.1.41). A different class of enzyme debranched amylopectin most rapidly, followed by beta-limit dextrin and phytoglycogen. It, however, would not hydrolyze pullulan and was classified as isoamylase (E.C. # 3.2.1.68). Two forms of isoamylase were isolated which differed in relative molecular mass and eluted separately on anion exchange chromatography, but only one form was characterized. Both classes of enzyme activity caused an increase in starch-iodine staining when incubated in an amylopectin solution. The optimal pH for pullulanase activity was pH 5.5, whereas isoamylase had optimal activity at pH 6.0 to 7.5. Both classes of enzyme required 5 mM dithiothreitol or the equivalent sulfhydryl reducing power for activity. We speculate that pullulanase may be specialized to function in conjunction with beta-amylase in hydrolyzing exposed alpha-1,6 branches, whereas isoamylase appears to be more efficient at hydrolyzing less exposed branches in amylopectin. RP DOEHLERT, DC (reprint author), NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA ARS,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 138 IS 5 BP 566 EP 572 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GG951 UT WOS:A1991GG95100013 ER PT J AU URI, ND MIXON, JW AF URI, ND MIXON, JW TI EFFECTS OF UNITED-STATES AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION PROGRAMS ON WOMENS EMPLOYMENT SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article ID ENFORCEMENT RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 13 IS 3 BP 367 EP 382 DI 10.1016/0161-8938(91)90020-Y PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA GH410 UT WOS:A1991GH41000003 ER PT J AU UNDEEN, AH FRIXIONE, E AF UNDEEN, AH FRIXIONE, E TI STRUCTURAL ALTERATION OF THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE IN SPORES OF THE MICROSPORIDIUM NOSEMA-ALGERAE ON GERMINATION SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLAR FILAMENT; EXTRUSION; INVASION AB The fine structure of the plasma membrane in spores of the microsporidium Nosema algerae, a pathogen of mosquitoes, was examined in the resting condition and after the spores were stimulated to germinate in vitro. Slow penetration of resin caused collapse of the germinated spores. Thin sections of germinated spores showed peculiar membrane infoldings that were never found in ungerminated samples. Analogous germination-dependent configurations of the plasma membrane were observed in freeze-fractured preparations of spores either fixed and impregnated with glycerol prior to freezing, or rapidly frozen with liquid propane while in the process of germination. In every case, the replicas presented germinated spores with indentations in the protoplasmic face of the plasma membrane, and apparently complementary blunt spines on the external face, that were absent in ungerminated spores. It suggests that these alterations of the plasma membrane result from a structural adjustment to a spontaneous contraction of the spore case after germination. We discuss this interpretation with regard to conflicting views on the nature of such morphological features. RP UNDEEN, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 38 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04826.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GH714 UT WOS:A1991GH71400013 PM 1920152 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH MAYLAND, HF AF ASAY, KH MAYLAND, HF TI GENETIC VARIANCES FOR DRY-MATTER YIELD, NITROGEN-CONTENT, AND NITROGEN YIELD IN CRESTED WHEATGRASS-ALFALFA MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; HERITABILITY; GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT; GRASS BREEDING; NITROGEN UPTAKE; NITROGEN TRANSFER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION ID FORAGE; LEGUMES; GRASSES; QUALITY; ROOTS; SHRUB AB Since its introduction from Asia in the early 1900s, crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.)Gaertner, A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes et al.] has had a major impact on the improvement of western rangelands of North America. Most of the early seedlings with this cool-season grass were made as monocultures. Present and projected use of rangelands, however, prescribe that future crested wheatgrass cultivars have the genetic potential to be an effective component in a species complex including other grasses, shrubs, and forbs. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of associated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the performance and genetic variability in a 50-clone sample of a tetraploid crested wheatgrass breeding population. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were found among the clonal lines for dry matter (DM) yield, nitrogen (N), and N yield. Opportunities for genetic improvement, as indicated by the magnitude of the genetic variation for these characters, was significantly increased when the grasses were grown in association with alfalfa. Significant (P < 0.01) and positive correlations of clonal means between stand types indicated that differences among the clonal lines in DM yield, N content, and N yield were relatively consistent when grown with or without alfalfa. These results indicate that initial screening could be effectively done in tetraploid crested wheatgrass in the presence or absence of alfalfa. Final evaluation of breeding lines and experimental strains, however, should be done with alfalfa if the object is to develop cultivars to be grown in combination with that species. C1 USDA,ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 418 EP 421 DI 10.2307/4002736 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000001 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA MARTENS, E AF YOUNG, JA MARTENS, E TI IMPORTANCE OF HYPOCOTYL HARIS IN GERMINATION OF ARTEMISIA SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SEEDBED ECOLOGY; SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY; GEOTROPISM; SEEDLING STRESS AB The nature and function of hairs that occur on the lower portion of the hypocotyl of juvenile Artemisia seedlings was investigated. Our purpose was to determine if these hairs served an important function in seedling establishment of these species, which are often difficult to establish by direct seeding. The hypocotyl hairs occurred in a number of Artemisia species. The hairs form a dense ring around the bottom of the hypocotyl and the radicle emerges through the ring. Apparently, the function of the hairs is to attach the juvenile seedling to the surface of the germination substrate, which may aid in the penetration of the radicle into the substrate. Scanning electron microscope images of the hypocotyl hairs revealed the occurrence of mucilage which may aid in attaching the hairs to the substrate. In most studies, dislodging the seedling and breaking the contact of the hypocotyl hairs to the substrate reduced seedling survival and increased the number of surviving seedlings with abnormal geotropism. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.2307/4002740 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000005 ER PT J AU LONGLAND, WS AF LONGLAND, WS TI RISK OF PREDATION AND FOOD-CONSUMPTION BY BLACK-TAILED JACKRABBITS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE LEPUS-CALIFORNICUS; FORAGING; HERBIVORY; SHRUB COVER ID PATCH-USE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; GREY SQUIRRELS; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; STRATEGIES; RANGELAND; VIGILANCE; SEEDINGS AB Vegetation cover may afford many species of prey animals reduced risk of being detected and/or attacked by predators. In this study, feeding stations were provided for black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) at 3 distances from perennial shrubs to test the prediction that the intensity of foraging by these hares would subside as they moved away from the presumed safety of shrub cover. Jackrabbits consumed significantly more food at stations under shrub canopies than at stations 5 and 10 m from shrubs. Thus, results are consistent with the hypothesis that risk of predation constrains the foraging activities of jackrabbits. The two-fold increase in food consumption near shrubs as compared with consumption away from shrubs implies that native plants or agronomic crops should incur lower levels of herbivory by jackrabbits when they occur at some distance from protective cover. RP LONGLAND, WS (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.2307/4002742 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000007 ER PT J AU WELCH, BL WAGSTAFF, FJ ROBERSON, JA AF WELCH, BL WAGSTAFF, FJ ROBERSON, JA TI PREFERENCE OF WINTERING SAGE GROUSE FOR BIG SAGEBRUSH SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; BIG SAGEBRUSH; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SAGE GROUSE; PREFERENCE ID MULE DEER PREFERENCE; ACCESSIONS; SHEEP AB A study determined sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) preference for 3 subspecies and 9 accessions of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.). The subspecies were mountain big sagebrush (A. t. ssp. vaseyana Rydb. Beetle), Wyoming big sagebrush (A. t. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle and Young), and basin big sagebrush (A. t. ssp. tridentata Nutt.). Accessions were collected at various sites in Utah and established in a uniform garden. Eleven plants for each accession or 33 plants for each subspecies were planted at random on a 2.13-m grid for a total of 99 plants. An enclosure with a top was constructed. Six birds were captured and placed in the garden. Preference was measured by the number of bites taken during the study and by estimates of percentage of leaves eaten at the end of the study. Results, by order of preference, were mountain big sagebrush, Wyoming big sagebrush, and basin big sagebrush. Within the most preferred subspecies there was distinct preference among accessions as measured by bite counts. When the forage of preferred subspecies or accessions was exhausted, the birds readily ate other subspecies or accessions. C1 UTAH DIV WILDLIFE RESOURCES,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. RP WELCH, BL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.2307/4002745 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000010 ER PT J AU PIERSON, FB WIGHT, JR AF PIERSON, FB WIGHT, JR TI VARIABILITY OF NEAR-SURFACE SOIL-TEMPERATURE ON SAGEBRUSH RANGELAND SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOIL TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SAGEBRUSH; GEOSTATISTICS; SEMIVARIOGRAM ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION RATES; SEMI-VARIOGRAMS; PATTERNS; STATE AB Models used to simulate plant growth and insect development on rangelands often assume that soil temperature is homogeneous over the entire area of interest. This simplifying assumption is made because few data are available on the magnitude and structure of the spatial variability of soil temperature within rangeland communities. The influence of sagebrush on the spatial variability and diurnal fluctuations of near-surface soil temperature was examined within a sagebrush-grass plant community. Hourly soil temperatures were measured at 1-, 5-, and 10-cm depths at 30-cm intervals along a 12.3-m north-south transect over a 6-day period in March, 1989. Both classical and geostatistical techniques were used to quantify and model the magnitude and structure of the spatial and temporal variability. Maximum soil temperatures at the 1-cm depth varied from 7 to 23-degrees-C under sagebrush and bare interspace, respectively. Periodic spatial patterns in soil temperature were found for all measured depths with a wavelength of periodicity approximately equal to the separation distance between sagebrush plants along the transect. Diurnal variability in near surface soil temperature was much greater in interspace areas compared to under sagebrush plants. The amplitude of diurnal variability in soil temperature at the 1-cm depth under sagebrush was similar to the amplitude of the diurnal variability at the 10-cm depth within the interspaces. RP PIERSON, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PL IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.2307/4002751 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000016 ER PT J AU WHITE, LM AF WHITE, LM TI MEFLUIDIDE EFFECT ON WEEPING LOVEGRASS HEADING, FORAGE YIELD, AND QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ERAGROSTIS-CURVULA; CRUDE PROTEIN; INVITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; GROWTH REGULATOR; PHENOLOGY; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; GROWTH-REGULATORS; DIGESTIBILITY; HARVEST; HERBAGE; SEASON; BARLEY; SHEEP; DATE AB Weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees.] provides high quality forage during May, but growth of floral stems causes a rapid decline in forage quality. The study objective was to determine which combination of date and rate of mefluidide[N-(2,4-dimethyl-5-{[(trifluoro methyl)sulfonyl]amino}phenyl)acetamide], a growth regulator, would effectively decrease number of floral stems and thus maintain higher forage quality. Mefluidide (0.00, 0.28, 0.56, and 0.84 kg/ha) was applied to lovegrass on 1 of 3, 2, 5, and 5 dates in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987, respectively. Lovegrass was grown on a Pratt fine sandy loam (Thermic Psammentic Haplustalf) soil near Woodward, Okla. Factorial combinations of treatments were rerandomized within the study area each year. Plots (1.8 by 5 m) were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Forage was harvested in mid June to early July with a sickle bar at seed ripe. Mefluidide reduced the number of floral stems only when applied 1 week after floral primordium initiation. Mefluidide application 1 week earlier or later had little effect on number of floral stems, forage yield, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), or crude protein (CP). Application of 0.56 kg/ha of mefluidide 1 week after floral primordium initiation decreased number of floral stems 58 to 93%, decreased forage yield 14 to 23%, increased percent leaves 4 to 32 percentage units, and had little effect on leaf yield. It increased whole-plant IVDMD 1.6 to 2.8 and CP 0.2 to 1.6 percentage units depending upon year. Generally, mefluidide had little effect on leaf or stem IVDMD or CP that averaged 49 and 7.5% for leaves and 39 and 5.1% for stems, respectively. The effective 'window' for mefluidide application is probably too short for practical use by farmers or ranchers. RP WHITE, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.2307/4002753 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000018 ER PT J AU GARCIAHOLQUIN, M BOVEY, RW SCHUSTER, JL AF GARCIAHOLQUIN, M BOVEY, RW SCHUSTER, JL TI CONTROL OF WOODY-PLANTS IN GRAZING LANDS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SABAL-ROSEI; ACACIA-HINDSII; ACACIA-CYMBISPINA; GUAZUMA-ULMIFOLIA; CLOPYRALID; DICAMBA; HEXAZINONE; PICLORAM; TEBUTHIURON; TRICLOPYR AB Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate herbicides for control of Palma de llano (Sabal rosei Mart.), jarretadera (Acacia hindsii Benth), huinol (Acacia cymbispina Sprague & Riley), and guazima (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.), woody species encroaching in grazing lands on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. In the greenhouse, picloram at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ae/ha killed all jarretadera, huinol, and guazima plants. Mixtures of picloram + clopyralid, dicamba, or triclopyr at 0.07 + 0.07 and 0.14 + 0.14 kg/ha also killed most plants. Triclopyr killed all huinol at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha but not all jarretadera or guazima. Clopyralid was effective on jarretadera and huinol but not as effective as picloram. Dicamba was ineffective on jarretadera and killed 88 to 100% of the huinol and guazima plants at 0.28 kg/ha. The palm could not be grown in the greenhouse. In the field, foliar sprays of triclopyr or picloram at 0.4 and 0.3 g ae/L water, respectively, killed 70% or more of the jarretadera, huinol and guazima but 77% or less of the palm. No herbicide successfully controlled jarretadera in 1988. Hexazinone applied to the soil killed 82% or more of the palm plants at 0.5 g ai/2.5 cm of stem diameter. Soil-applied tebuthiuron pellets were not effective on jarretadera or palm, but the briquettes (Brush Bullets) at 2 and 4 g/2.5 cm of stem diameter killed 50, 60, and 83% or more of the huinol, palm, and guazima plants, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP GARCIAHOLQUIN, M (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGEMENT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.2307/4002754 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000019 ER PT J AU KARN, JF AF KARN, JF TI CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF FORAGE AND FECES AS AFFECTED BY MICROWAVE-OVEN DRYING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FREEZE DRYING; OVEN DRYING; EXTRUSA; NATIVE RANGE ID ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA; SAMPLES; WASTES AB Freeze drying, conventional oven drying , and microwave oven drying were compared with respect to their effect on the chemical composition of native range forage and feces from cattle grazing the forage. Forage was collected by hand harvesting and by esophageal-fistulated steers (extrusa) on 10 collection dates from 11 June to 15 Oct. in 1987 and on 6 collection dates from 2 June to 15 Sept. in 1988. Composite fecal samples were obtained from cattle grazing the same pastures the day following forage collections. Drying method had minimal effect on in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), nitrogen, and ash insoluble in neutral detergent (AIND) in hand clipped native forage. However, both microwave and conventional oven drying of extrusa resulted in greater NDF than freeze drying. Unexpectedly, IVDOM in microwave oven dried extrusa was equal to or greater than values for freeze dried material. There were no interactions between drying method and sampling date for any components measured in the extrusa. Microwave and conventional oven drying of feces resulted in greater NDF values than freeze drying, with microwave drying resulting in significantly greater NDF than conventional oven drying. There was also more AIND in heat dried feces, but nitrogen and ash levels were not affected by drying method. The data indicate that if nitrogen or ash are to be determined in hand clipped forage, extrusa, or feces, then microwave or conventional oven drying is acceptable; but if fiber levels are to be determined in these materials, then it appears they should be freez dried for the most accurate results. RP KARN, JF (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 512 EP 515 DI 10.2307/4002755 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF820 UT WOS:A1991GF82000020 ER PT J AU SCHANBACHER, BD SCHEMM, SR RHIND, SM AF SCHANBACHER, BD SCHEMM, SR RHIND, SM TI GONADOTROPIN CONCENTRATIONS AND OVULATION RATES IN SUFFOLK EWES ACTIVELY OR PASSIVELY IMMUNIZED AGAINST INHIBIN-ALPHA SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article DE INHIBIN; FECUNDITY; LH; FSH; IMMUNIZATION; SHEEP ID BOVINE FOLLICULAR-FLUID; ESTROUS-CYCLE; MERINO EWES; SHEEP; SUBUNIT; ESTRADIOL; FRACTION; INCREASE; HORMONE; PHASE AB Mature Suffolk ewes were either actively or passively immunized against the synthetic fragment of porcine inhibin alpha, pI-alpha(1-30), to determine the effects on gonadotrophin secretion and ovulation rate. Thirteen control ewes were immunized against human serum albumin, 12 ewes were actively immunized against pI-alpha(1-30) and 36 ewes were passively immunized with pI-alpha(1-30) antiserum. Blood samples were collected at 4-h intervals for 72 h from oestrus-synchronized ewes following the withdrawal of the progestagen pessaries. Mean gonadotrophin concentrations measured during the oestrous cycle of control ewes, ewes actively immunized against pI-alpha(1-30) and ewes passively immunized against pI-alpha(1-30) were similar, but their secretory profiles differed. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were highest in ewes which had received antiserum at the time of pessary withdrawal; FSH concentrations did not decrease during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle in ewes given antiserum 24 h after pessary withdrawal. Subtle but significant increments in serum FSH concentrations were observed in all passively immunized ewes in which sampling commenced at the time of treatment. The amplitude of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, but not of the FSH peak, and the postovulatory secondary rise in FSH were lower (P < 0.05) in actively immunized ewes than in control ewes. The mean (+/- s.e.) ovulation rate for actively immunized ewes (6.6 +/- 1.0) was 3 times higher (P < 0.05) than that for control ewes (2.0 +/- 0.2), but was unaffected by passive immunization (range, 1.8-2.3). The divergent results involving serum gonadotrophins and ovulation rate following active or passive immunization to the same pI-alpha(1-30) immunogen suggest that changes in circulating gonadotrophins alone may not account for the increased ovulation rate in immunized Suffolk ewes. RP SCHANBACHER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,REPROD RES UNIT,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA GG006 UT WOS:A1991GG00600016 PM 1920282 ER PT J AU STOTT, DE AF STOTT, DE TI A TOOL FOR SOIL CONSERVATION EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE RP STOTT, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GJ343 UT WOS:A1991GJ34300007 ER PT J AU TRUMAN, CC ASMUSSEN, LE ALLISON, HD AF TRUMAN, CC ASMUSSEN, LE ALLISON, HD TI GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR - A TOOL FOR MAPPING RESERVOIRS AND LAKES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL PROPERTIES; VARIABILITY AB Ground-penetrating radar was evaluated as a tool for mapping reservoir and lake bottoms and providing stage-storage information. An impulse radar was used on a 1.4-ha (3.5-acre) reservoir with 31 transects located 6.1 m (20 feet) apart. Depth of water and lateral extent of the lake bottom were accurately measured by ground-penetrating radar. A linear (positive) relationship existed between measured water depth and ground-penetrating radar-determined water depth (R2 = 0.989). Ground-penetrating radar data were used to create a contour map of the lake bottom. Relationships between water (contour) elevation and water surface area and volume were established. Ground-penetrating radar proved to be a useful tool for mapping lakes, detecting lake bottom variations, locating old stream channels, and determining water depths. The technology provides accurate, continuous profile data in a relatively short time compared to traditional surveying and depth-sounding techniques. RP TRUMAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 370 EP 373 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GJ343 UT WOS:A1991GJ34300014 ER PT J AU BILBRO, JD AF BILBRO, JD TI RELATIONSHIPS OF COTTON DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION AND PLANT STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR WIND EROSION MODELING SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; LEAF GROWTH; SIMULATION; LEAVES; YIELD AB Annual soil losses from wind erosion in the United States are extensive. A means of predicting when and where these losses occur and the amount of the losses is vitally needed. Researchers with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Research Service are developing a Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS). WEPS will be made up of several submodels and various data bases. The CROP submodel of WEPS will calculate the total above-ground dry matter of a given crop at any given time after planting. Mathematical equations for the relationships of this total above-ground dry matter to leaf area, stem area, and plant height will be needed to calculate an erosion-reduction factor for use by WEPS. I developed such equations for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from data obtained in a 2-year growth and development study. The 1988 and 1989 growing seasons were wetter and drier than average, respectively, and the equation coefficients for the respective equations for the 2 years differed significantly, as indicated by their confidence limits. Consequently, the data for the 2 years were combined and additional equations developed for use in the WEPS model. These equations and other data presented may be of benefit to others for model building or testing. RP BILBRO, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GJ343 UT WOS:A1991GJ34300017 ER PT J AU CHU, CC AF CHU, CC TI INVIVO LEAF BLADE AND PETIOLE NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY, AND NITRATE CONTENT OF SELECTED VEGETABLES DURING VEGETATIVE GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF THE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF CHINA LA English DT Article DE PETIOLE NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY; PETIOLE NITRATE; VEGETABLE; VEGETATIVE GROWTH AB Petioles of plants are not generally considered to be major sites of nitrate reductase activity (NRA) . Studies were conducted to determine the significance of petiole NRA from 44 greenhouse-grown vegetables from 10 families and 23 genera. An in vivo assay with endogenous nitrate-N only was used to compare petiole NRA and leaf blade NRA. In addition, nitrate-N content of the plant materials was determined. Results indicated substantial petiole in vivo NRA in most species/cultivars when plants were grown vegetatively, and that 14 species/cultivars had rates either similar to or higher than leaf blades. It is concluded that petiole NRA may contribute substantially to plant N metabolism in some species. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4151 HWY 86,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR ASSN CHINA PI TAIPEI PA 14 WENCHOW ST, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 0578-1434 J9 J AGR ASSOC CHINA JI J. Agric. Assoc. China PD SEP PY 1991 IS 155 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY370 UT WOS:A1991GY37000004 ER PT J AU DWYER, JT AF DWYER, JT TI BRINGING ADAS STRATEGIC PLAN TO LIFE - CHOICE, CARING, COMPASSION, COLLABORATION, AND COMPENSATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP DWYER, JT (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU PHS HHS [MCJ9120] NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1061 EP 1064 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GF108 UT WOS:A1991GF10800002 PM 1918755 ER PT J AU SCHRECK, CE LEONHARDT, BA AF SCHRECK, CE LEONHARDT, BA TI EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF QUWENLING, A MOSQUITO REPELLENT FROM CHINA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY AB Quwenling, an insect repellent product of China derived from extracts of the lemon eucalyptus plant (Eucalyptus maculata citriodon), was evaluated. Laboratory tests compared Quwenling with deet against Anopheles albimanus, An. quadrimaculatus, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and field tests with Ae. taeniorhynchus. Cloth treated with Quwenling at > 2x the dosage of deet was effective against 2 of 4 species tested (Ae. albopictus 29 days, An. quadrimaculatus 28 days). On the skin of volunteers at 2x the dosage of deet, the duration of protection for Quwenling was significantly less than deet with Ae. aegypti and Ae. taeniorhynchus, and was not significantly different with Ae. albopictus. Both repellents were ineffective against the anopheline species. As a topically applied mosquito repellent, Quwenling has a shorter duration of effectiveness than deet. RP SCHRECK, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 432 EP 436 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM633 UT WOS:A1991GM63300013 ER PT J AU NARANG, SK SEAWRIGHT, JA SUAREZ, MF AF NARANG, SK SEAWRIGHT, JA SUAREZ, MF TI GENETIC-STRUCTURE OF NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS IN COLOMBIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID QUADRIMACULATUS COMPLEX DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMATICS; DROSOPHILA; KEY AB Electrophoretic and cytogenetic studies were undertaken on the population structure of Anopheles albimanus from 11 localities in Colombia, 3 from northern (Atlantic coast) and 8 from southern (Pacific coast) regions. Of the 25 allozyme loci examined, significant allele frequency differences were observed at 4 loci: hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (Had-1) and 3 esterases (Est-2, Est-4 and Est-6). The northern populations had higher variability, with 55% polymorphic loci, a mean heterozygosity of 20.4% and a mean of 3.0 alleles per locus. These values for southern populations were 24%, 9.1% and 1.5%, respectively. There were neither diagnostic loci nor clinal effect on frequencies of allozymes. Except for a small inversion on the X chromosome in low frequency in certain populations, all populations were homosequential in chromosomal banding patterns. Hybrids from matings between natural populations and the Gainesville laboratory strain were fully fertile. Estimates of genetic similarities (0.95-0.97 among southern and 0.99-1.00 among northern populations) suggest a lack of significant genetic differentiation among distant populations in this species. Based on the chromosomal, hybridization and electrophoretic data, we concluded that mosquitoes from the 11 collections were conspecific populations of An. albimanus. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. MINIST SALUD,SERV ERADICAC MALARIA,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. RP NARANG, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM633 UT WOS:A1991GM63300014 PM 1791454 ER PT J AU FOCKS, DA AF FOCKS, DA TI IMPACT OF MINOR REDUCTIONS IN ADULT AND LARVAL SURVIVAL FECUNDITY AND HATCH ON THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF PSOROPHORA-COLUMBIAE - A SIMULATION STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTING HYDROLOGIC SUBMODEL; LOUISIANA RICE AGROECOSYSTEM; LIFE TABLE MODEL; SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA; STABLE FLIES; HORN FLIES; IVERMECTIN; DIPTERA; CATTLE; AVERMECTINS AB Laboratory work has shown that mosquitoes obtaining blood meals from animals treated with ivermectin exhibit lowered adult survival, fecundity, egg hatch and larval survival. Computer simulation evaluated the consequences of this phenomenon in field populations of Psorophora columbiae feeding on cattle in the rice agroecosystem. Results suggest that rather minor reductions, on the order of 10% below normal, in these life history parameters would significantly affect the population dynamics of this species in this particular system. Significant reductions in the amount of insecticide used for mosquito abatement are also projected. RP FOCKS, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 476 EP 480 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM633 UT WOS:A1991GM63300021 PM 1686448 ER PT J AU ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO AF ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO TI LITHOGRAPHIC AND LETTERPRESS INK VEHICLES FROM VEGETABLE-OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GEL; HEAT-BODIED; INK; SOYBEAN; VEGETABLE OILS; VEHICLE AB Our objectives for this study were to produce vegetable oil-based printing ink vehicles that did not require any petroleum components, which meet or exceed industry standards for rub-off resistance, viscosity and tackiness for a variety of printing applications. These objectives were satisfactorily met. Vehicles were completely compatible with carbon black, making them suitable for black ink formulations. In addition, the resulting vehicles had exceptionally light colors, and permitted formulations of colored inks that had substantially reduced pigment levels compared to industry standards. RP ERHAN, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,OIL CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 68 IS 9 BP 635 EP 638 DI 10.1007/BF02662282 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GF802 UT WOS:A1991GF80200001 ER PT J AU BAUGHER, TA ELLIOTT, KC LEACH, DW HORTON, BD MILLER, SS AF BAUGHER, TA ELLIOTT, KC LEACH, DW HORTON, BD MILLER, SS TI IMPROVED METHODS OF MECHANICALLY THINNING PEACHES AT FULL BLOOM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; ABSCISSION; FRUIT SIZE ID TREES AB Studies were conducted on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during 1988 to 1990 to test the performance of a tree-width rope-curtain bloom thinner and a rotating rope-curtain thinner. Six trips over the tree canopy were required with the tree-width rope curtain, and only one trip was required with the rotating curtain to thin to a spacing of about one flower per 9 cm of fruiting shoot length. Based on the number of flowers per square centimeter of branch cross-sectional area (CSA) immediately following thinning and the number of fruit per square centimeter of CSA following June drop, rope-curtain thinning was equal to hand-thinning at full bloom (FB). Rope-curtain thinning reduced hand-thinning time by 40% and increased harvest fruit weight by 10% to 20%. Research on various modifications in tree training/pruning indicated that performance of the mechanical thinner was negatively correlated with shoot density. Thinning was maximum on open-center-trained trees on which detailed pruning had been conducted to eliminate overlapping shoots. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,EXPT FARM,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP BAUGHER, TA (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV PLANT & SOIL SCI,EXPT FARM,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 766 EP 769 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400001 ER PT J AU LANG, GA DANKA, RG AF LANG, GA DANKA, RG TI HONEY-BEE-MEDIATED CROSS-POLLINATION VERSUS SELF-POLLINATION OF SHARPBLUE BLUEBERRY INCREASES FRUIT SIZE AND HASTENS RIPENING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM HYBRIDS; FRUIT RIPENING; SEED NUMBER; HONEY BEE; APIS-MELLIFERA ID POLLEN SOURCE AB To study self- and cross-pollination effects on fruit development in southern highbush (mainly Vaccinium corymbosum L.) blueberries, 'Sharpblue' plants were caged with honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and other 'Sharpblue' or 'Gulfcoast' plants at anthesis. Ratios of pollinizer : fruiting flowers ranged from 2.1 to 4.5. Cross-pollination increased fruit size by almost-equal-to 14% and seed count by 27% but did not influence fruit set. Overall, seed count decreased by 58% during the 30 days of harvest, but this did not directly affect fruit size. Seed count appeared to influence earliness of ripening as much as it influenced fruit size. Cross-pollination increased the harvest percentage of early-ripening fruits by 140% and of premium market fruits (those greater-than-or-equal-to 0.75 g) by 13% and decreased the percentage of small fruits by 66%. Consequently, a 43% increase in premium early market crop value (nearly $5000/ha) resulted from optimizing 'Sharpblue' cross-pollination. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. RP LANG, GA (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 770 EP 773 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400002 ER PT J AU ZIMMERMAN, RH MILLER, SS AF ZIMMERMAN, RH MILLER, SS TI ORCHARD GROWTH AND FRUITING OF MICROPROPAGATED APPLE-TREES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; MICROPROPAGATION; INVITRO CULTURE; ROOTSTOCK; CULTURAL PRACTICES; FLOWERING; FRUIT SET; NEMATODES; XIPHINEMA SPP ID SCION CULTIVARS; INVITRO AB Four apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars, Northern Spy, Ozark Gold, Stayman, and Rome Beauty, were tissue cultured on their own roots (TC) or were budded on seedling, MM.106, or M.26 rootstocks. All four cultivars were planted at Beltsville, Md., and 'Ozark Gold' and 'Stayman' were planted at Kearneysville, W. Va. TC trees produced more vegetative growth than trees budded on MM.106 and M.26 at both locations, but TC trees differed little in size from those budded on seedling rootstock. Flowering was delayed on TC and seedling rootstock trees relative to those on MM.106 or M.26 rootstocks. Fruit yields in general were low but were higher for the trees on clonal rootstocks than the TC or seedling rootstock trees, especially at Beltsville. The limited vegetative growth and poor fruit yield of trees on M.26 and MM.106 at Beltsville may have been due to significant infestation by plant parasitic nematodes at this site. TC trees seemed to have been less affected by the nematodes, probably because of their greater vigor and more extensive root systems. All trees at Kearneysville were more vigorous than comparable ones at Beltsville. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP ZIMMERMAN, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 780 EP 785 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400004 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GF WANG, CY CONWAY, WS AF KRAMER, GF WANG, CY CONWAY, WS TI INHIBITION OF SOFTENING BY POLYAMINE APPLICATION IN GOLDEN DELICIOUS AND MCINTOSH APPLES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; MALUS-DOMESTICA; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; PUTRESCINE; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE ID ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; CALCIUM INFILTRATION; TOMATO FRUIT; STORAGE; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; SPERMIDINE; QUALITY; TISSUE; DISKS AB Pressure infiltration of 'Golden Delicious' and 'McIntosh' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with polyamines resulted in an immediate increase in firmness. 'Golden Delicious' apples were 2.7 N (0.25 mM spermidine) to 6.7 N (1.0 mM spermine) firmer, while 'McIntosh' apples were 2.2 N (0.25 mM spermidine) to 5.3 N (1.0 mM spermine) firmer than the water-treated control. During 28 weeks of storage at 0C, the differences between the polyamine-treated and water-treated apples were even larger. Similar results were observed with a 3% Ca treatment, but the Ca treatment reduced the rate of softening to a greater extent than did the polyamine treatments in 'Golden Delicious'. Polyamines increased the endogenous levels of the polyamines infiltrated; however, the levels declined rapidly with time in storage. Both polyamine and Ca inhibited the development of chilling injury symptoms (brown core) in 'McIntosh'. The influence of polyamines on ethylene production was negligible in both cultivars. The Ca treatment, however, inhibited ethylene evolution in 'Golden Delicious'. Polyamines, thus, may affect apple softening through rigidification of cell walls rather than through interactions with ethylene metabolism. RP KRAMER, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 813 EP 817 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400010 ER PT J AU EISSENSTAT, DM SYVERTSEN, JP DEAN, TJ JOHNSON, JD YELENOSKY, G AF EISSENSTAT, DM SYVERTSEN, JP DEAN, TJ JOHNSON, JD YELENOSKY, G TI INTERACTION OF SIMULATED ACID-RAIN WITH OZONE ON FREEZE RESISTANCE, GROWTH, AND MINERAL-NUTRITION IN CITRUS AND AVOCADO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLD TOLERANCE; SUBTROPICAL EVERGREENS; AIR POLLUTION; ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE; ACID PRECIPITATION; PERSEA-AMERICANA; CITRUS-PARADISI ID WINTER HARDINESS; WATER RELATIONS; FOREST DECLINE; COLD HARDINESS; NORWAY SPRUCE; AIR-POLLUTION; SEEDLINGS; INJURY; TREES; TEMPERATURE AB The combined effects of O3 and acid rain on freeze resistance, growth, and mineral nutrition were studied using broadleaf-evergreen citrus and avocado trees. Using a factorial design, 'Ruby red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) trees on either Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) or sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstocks and 'Pancho' avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) on 'Waldin' rootstock were exposed to O3 and acid rain for 8 months in open-top chambers under field conditions. The O3 treatments were one-third ambient (0.3X), ambient (1X), twice ambient (2X), or thrice ambient (3X). Ambient O3 concentrations averaged 39.1 nl.liter-1 over a 12-hour day. The acid rain treatments had a pH of 3.3, 4.3, or 5.3 and were applied to simulate long-term rainfall averages. In general, the effects of acid rain on growth and freeze resistance were small. Rain of high acidity (pH = 3.3) offset the negative effects of O3 on growth (total leaf mass) in avocado and grapefruit/Volkamer lemon trees. In contrast, rain of high acidity magnified the detrimental effects of O3 on electrolyte leakage of leaf disks at subzero temperatures, especially for citrus. Freeze resistance, determined by stem and whole-plant survival following freezing temperatures, was lower in the most rapidly growing trees. Consequently, for trees exposed to a combination of O3 and acidic rain, leaf electrolyte leakage did not correlate significantly with stem survival of freezing temperatures. We conclude that the danger of acid rain to citrus and avocado in Florida is rather slight and would only present a potential problem in the presence of extremely high O3. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT FORESTRY,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP EISSENSTAT, DM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 838 EP 845 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400016 ER PT J AU CURRY, EA AF CURRY, EA TI NAA-INDUCED ETHYLENE AND ACC IN DELICIOUS SPUR TISSUES - CHANGES WITH TEMPERATURE AND TIME SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; BIENNIAL BEARING; FRUIT SET; FRUIT DROP; ABSCISSION AUXIN; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS; SENSITIVITY ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; APPLE; SENSITIVITY; PRECURSOR; EVOLUTION; FRUITS; GROWTH; ASSAY; BLOOM AB These studies with apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) spur tissues were conducted to investigate the mechanism whereby NAA may stimulate fruit abscission in the spring but acts to prevent fruit drop in the fall. NAA-induced ethylene evolution from 'Delicious' spurs in vivo was similar to that evolved from excised leaf and fruit tissues that later were treated in the laboratory and incubated in darkness at 20C. The peak in ethylene production occurred 24 hours after treatment at 30C, 48 hours after treatment at 20C, and production was still increasing 72 hours after treatment at 10C. Leaf tissue showed the greatest induction of ethylene from NAA followed by fruit and petiolar tissues. Induction was greatest early in the season and declined steadily until about "June drop." After this time, none of the tissues showed significant capacity for ethylene induction. Chemical names used: 2-(1-naphthyl)acetic acid (NAA). RP CURRY, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 846 EP 850 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400017 ER PT J AU SCORZA, R MAY, LG PURNELL, B UPCHURCH, B AF SCORZA, R MAY, LG PURNELL, B UPCHURCH, B TI DIFFERENCES IN NUMBER AND AREA OF MESOCARP CELLS BETWEEN SMALL-FRUITED AND LARGE-FRUITED PEACH CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; FRUIT DEVELOPMENT; FRUIT GROWTH; HISTOLOGY AB The growth in diameter of large- ('Loring' and 'Suncrest') and small-fruited ('Bailey' and 'Boone County') peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was recorded at weekly intervals from 175 days prebloom to ripening. Samples collected at three dates prebloom, full bloom (FB), and four dates postbloom, including ripe fruit, were sectioned and stained. Total cell count and mean cell size were determined for prebloom ovaries and postbloom mesocarp tissue. Large-fruited cultivars had significantly more cells (up to 3.7 times) than small-fruited cultivars at all sampling dates. Cell sizes increased dramatically with fruit development, but were similar for all cultivars within each sampling date. These results suggest that mesocarp cell count is the major difference between small- and large-fruited peach cultivars and that this difference is determined early in the growth of the ovary. C1 SHEPHERD COLL,SHEPHERDSTOWN,WV 25443. RP SCORZA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 14 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 116 IS 5 BP 861 EP 864 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GE894 UT WOS:A1991GE89400020 ER PT J AU BARTON, FE AF BARTON, FE TI NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY .2. EFFECT OF CALIBRATION SET SELECTION ON ACCURACY OF METHOD SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; PROTEIN; OIL AB Tall fescue samples (Festuca arundenacea Schreb.) were collected during 1983-1985. The 1983 and 1984 samples were used for calibration and the 1985 samples were used for validation. The combined 1983-1984 calibration set contained 382 samples. The program "SUBSET" was run and 74 samples were selected. The remaining samples from 1983-1984 were divided into 4 files of 77 samples each by taking every 4th sample. The "SUBSET" program was run on the 1985 set of 211 samples and 40 samples were selected that represented all the spectral diversity in the "t. Separate sets of equations were developed with 2 regression programs, "BEST" and "CAL," and used to predict acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, permanganate lignin, and crude protein. The results show that while a random selection could sometimes produce a better set for calibration, the "SUBSET" program picks a set that consistently will produce a good calibration. In most Instances, the "SUBSET" equations were the best or next to the best when measured by the standard error of performance corrected for blas. RP BARTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 74 IS 5 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GF676 UT WOS:A1991GF67600021 ER PT J AU MEYER, RF BROWN, CC HOUSE, C HOUSE, JA MOLITOR, TW AF MEYER, RF BROWN, CC HOUSE, C HOUSE, JA MOLITOR, TW TI RAPID AND SENSITIVE DETECTION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS IN TISSUES BY ENZYMATIC RNA AMPLIFICATION OF THE POLYMERASE GENE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; PCR; RNA POLYMERASE GENE ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; ELISA; ACID; DNA AB Direct detection of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus from infected bovine and porcine tissue was investigated using a modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A high degree of conservation was found in the genomic region coding for the viral RNA polymerase among the seven FMD viral (FMDV) serotypes. An oligomeric primer pair and probe were constructed from consensus sequence data within this area. First strand cDNA was synthesized using random hexamers and Moloney MuLV reverse transcriptase. The oligomeric primers used for PCR of the random primed cDNA yielded a 454-base-pair target amplification product. The PCR product was sized by agarose gel electrophoresis and hybridized strongly with the consensus sequence oligomeric probe. The PCR product was further examined by digestion with NcoI, confirming the predicted internal restriction enzyme site. All seven serotypes of FMDV RNA were amplified in a few hours and the PCR product tested positive. The sensitivity of the enzymatic amplification for detection of FMDV was 10 TCID50 by gel electrophoresis and less than 1 TCID50 when combined with hybridization to a labeled probe. The technique was specific, as determined by examination of at least 12 other viruses, including enteroviruses and other agents of vesicular disease. In vitro enzymatic amplification of cDNA from FMDV RNA using the modified PCR technique is highly specific, rapid and at least as sensitive as presently used procedures for FMDV laboratory diagnosis. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CLIN & POPULAT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP MEYER, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 14 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90096-I PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA GP297 UT WOS:A1991GP29700004 PM 1666635 ER PT J AU FORGER, JM BRONSON, RT HUANG, AS REISS, CS AF FORGER, JM BRONSON, RT HUANG, AS REISS, CS TI MURINE INFECTION BY VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS - INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE H-2D SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOLYTIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFLUENZA; CELLS; MICE; GLYCOPROTEIN; RECOGNITION; ANTIGENS; SEROTYPE; POLARITY AB BALB/c mice and congenic H-2L(d)-deficient BALB/c-H-2dm2 (dm2) mice were experimentally infected intranasally with isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The survival of infected hosts, viral replication in lungs and brains, and histopathologic changes in the two mouse strains were compared. In both strains of mice, mortality occurred during the period 7 to 10 days postinfection. However, dm2 mice were relatively resistant to lethal infections. Viral replication occurred at low levels in the lungs of both strains and did not evoke significant pathologic changes. In contrast, viral replication in the brains was much greater; in the BALB/c strain, this was accompained by more frequent and more severe pathologic changes. In general, mice surviving at day 10 had effectively cleared virus from central nervous system but not respiratory sites. Evidence is presented that viral replication occurs first in the nasal cavity and is transmitted both to the lungs and to the olfactory bulb where focal cytopathology occurs. Virus enters the ventricles, causing encephalitis; necrosis occurs around the ventricles and in the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord. Necrotic lesions were accompanied by mononuclear infiltration. Mice immunized with virus of the same serotype or with a vaccinia virus hybrid encoding the VSV glycoprotein were protected from lethal infection; in contrast, mice immunized with heterotypic virus were susceptible to challenge. C1 TUFTS USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOLEC GENET,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,DIV PEDIAT ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. OI Reiss, Carol/0000-0003-4353-8882 FU NCI NIH HHS [5T32 CA 09031]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 18083, R37 AI20896] NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 65 IS 9 BP 4950 EP 4958 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA GB018 UT WOS:A1991GB01800049 PM 1651414 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP HEDSTROM, O MACHADO, CR OSBORN, KG AF DUBEY, JP HEDSTROM, O MACHADO, CR OSBORN, KG TI DISSEMINATED TOXOPLASMOSIS IN A CAPTIVE KOALA (PHASCOLARCTOS-CINEREUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TOXOPLASMOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; KOALA; PHASCOLARCTOS-CINEREUS; TACHYZOITES; TISSUE CYSTS AB Toxoplasma gondii was found in the heart, brain, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, urinary bladder, kidney, and adrenal glands of a captive adult female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) that died at the San Francisco Zoo. Predominant lesions were encephalitis, myocarditis, and necrosis of the pancreas and adrenal glands. Organisms were identified as T. gondii on the basis of tissue cyst morphology. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,VET DIAG LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97339. SAN FRANCISCO ZOO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94132. ZOOL SOC SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3 BP 348 EP 350 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GL344 UT WOS:A1991GL34400010 ER PT J AU CLEVIDENCE, BA BALLARDBARBASH, R AF CLEVIDENCE, BA BALLARDBARBASH, R TI TOCOPHEROL CONTENTS OF LIPOPROTEINS FROM FROZEN PLASMA SEPARATED BY AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; CYTO-TOXICITY; OXIDATION; STORAGE; SERUM AB We investigated whether freezing and storage of plasma altered alpha-tocopherol levels of whole plasma or the lipoprotein fractions derived from such plasma. Plasma from 24 men, at each of two collection periods, was frozen at -20-degrees-C for six weeks, then high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were separated from low- plus very low-density lipoproteins (LDL-VLDL) by heparin affinity chromatography. Whole plasma and the lipoprotein fractions were analyzed for alpha-tocopherol content and compared to counterparts from fresh plasma. Freezing and storage did not reduce alpha-tocopherol levels of plasma or the lipoprotein fractions. alpha-Tocopherol values from fresh and frozen plasma were highly correlated for both plasma (period 1, r = 0.94; period 2, r = 0.93) and the LDL-VLDL fractions (periods 1 and 2, r = 0.97). Percent distribution of alpha-tocopherol between the two lipoprotein fractions was comparable for lipoproteins derived from fresh and frozen plasma. Under the storage conditions used in this study, plasma can be frozen for at least six weeks prior to lipoprotein fractionation with no detectable detrimental effects on alpha-tocopherol content of either plasma or lipoproteins. C1 US DEPT HHS,NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CLEVIDENCE, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,RM 115,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1007/BF02535621 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GG748 UT WOS:A1991GG74800009 PM 1762518 ER PT J AU EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO ABRAHAM, S AF EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO ABRAHAM, S TI METABOLISM OF MEADOWFOAM OIL FATTY-ACIDS IN MICE SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article AB Meadowfoam oil is unusual because over 95% of the fatty acids are 20- and 22-carbon aliphatic acids with cis double bonds located principally at the 5- and/or 13-position. Since little information is available on the metabolism of the 5c-20:1 and 5c, 13c-22:2 fatty acids, an exploratory study in mice was conducted to investigate the metabolism of purified samples of the free fatty acids isolated from meadowfoam oil, and to determine the effect of meadowfoam oil on weight gain and tissue lipid composition. Mice fed diets containing 5% by wt of the purified 5c-20:1 or 5c,13c-22:2 for 6 days exhibited no apparent physiological problems. Total liver lipids from mice fed the purified fatty acid diets contained mean values of 2.0% 5c-20:1 and 2.1% 5c,13c-22:2; total heart lipids contained 1.7% 5c-20:1 and 10.7% 5c,13c-22:2. Liver total phospholipids from mice fed a 5% meadowfoam oil diet for 19 wk contained 1.4% 5c-20:1 and 1.9% 5c,13c-22:2. There was no evidence of desaturation, elongation or retroconversion. Weight gain for mice fed the meadowfoam oil diet for 19 wk was similar to mice fed corn oil, and was higher than for mice fed hydrogenated cottonseed oil. Considering the high 5c-20:1 and 5c,13c-22:2 content of the diets, the percentages of these fatty acids in mouse tissue lipids from both the short- and long-term studies were low. Weight gain was surprisingly good since the meadowfoam oil diet was essential fatty acid-deficient. Results of this initial investigation suggest that the 5c-20:1 and 5c,13c-22:2 fatty acids were utilized primarily for energy. In the short-term study, these fatty acids did not produce toxic effects or cause metabolic problems. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR NO CALIF,OAKLAND,CA 94609. RP EMKEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 736 EP 742 DI 10.1007/BF02535623 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GG748 UT WOS:A1991GG74800011 PM 1762520 ER PT J AU FOGLIA, TA MAEDA, K AF FOGLIA, TA MAEDA, K TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF ENANTIOMERIC ALKYL GLYCEROL ETHERS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; DERIVATIVES; CELLULOSE; MIXTURES; HPLC AB The resolution of a series of racemic 1-alkyl-3-trityl-rac-glycerols and 1-alkyl-2-benzyl-rac-glycerols into their enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated. Of the racemic glycerol derivatives studied, only three (1,2-0-isopropylidene-rac-glycerol, 1,2-0-isopropylidene-3-benzyl-rac-glycerol and 1-hexadecyl-2-benzyl-rac-glycerol) could be resolved into their enantiomers. The compounds were resolved on a silica (10-mu-m) column coated with cellulose tribenzoate and eluted isocratically with hexane/isopropanol as mobile phase. The effects of mobile phase composition, column temperature and flow rate on the resolution of enantiomeric pairs were investigated. Also, the effect of substituents, i.e., trityl, benzyl, hydroxyl or alkyl, on the resolution of the alkyl glycerol ethers by HPLC was evaluated. RP FOGLIA, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.1007/BF02535629 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GG748 UT WOS:A1991GG74800017 PM 27521080 ER PT J AU MANFREDI, TG FIELDING, RA OREILLY, KP MEREDITH, CN LEE, HY EVANS, WJ AF MANFREDI, TG FIELDING, RA OREILLY, KP MEREDITH, CN LEE, HY EVANS, WJ TI PLASMA CREATINE-KINASE ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE IN OLDER MEN SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE PLASMA CREATINE KINASE; MUSCLE DAMAGE; OLDER MEN ID ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SORENESS; FIBER; AGE AB Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity has often been used as a marker of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. While the pattern of muscle damage following eccentric exercise has been established in young adults, there is little data available on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in older individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle following high intensity eccentric exercise of young and older men and to determine whether CK activity is a reliable predictor of muscle damage. Five young (20-30 yr) and five older untrained men (59-63 yr) performed three 15-min bouts of eccentric exercise at 90, 80, and 70% of maximal concentric power output. There was a prolonged increase in CK up to 10 d following exercise that was not significantly different between groups. Light and electron microscopic examination of needle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis showed evidence of focal damage in greater than 90% of the post-exercise fibers examined in the older subjects, compared with values ranging from 5 to 50% reported previously in young subjects. Quantitative analysis using light microscopy showed greater damage in the older subjects than reported previously in young subjects. These data suggest that older adults experience greater muscle damage following eccentric exercise than young subjects, which may be due in part to the smaller muscle mass and lower VO2max. seen in older men. In addition, there was no relationship between CK activity and the corresponding amount of muscle damage observed in each subject, suggesting that CK activity may be a poor predictor of exercise-induced muscle damage. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PHYS EDUC,APPL PHYSIOL LAB,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RHODE ISL MED CTR,GEN HOSP,CRANSTON,RI 02920. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-39595] NR 29 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1028 EP 1034 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA GE840 UT WOS:A1991GE84000006 PM 1943622 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DC HILBURN, DJ WRIGHT, B AF FERGUSON, DC HILBURN, DJ WRIGHT, B TI THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BERMUDA - THEIR FOOD PLANTS, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND MEANS OF DISPERSAL SO MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA LA English DT Review AB The 183 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Bermuda are discussed with respect to their world distribution, origin, long-range dispersal capability, host plants, nomenclature, and the circumstances of their occurrence in Bermuda; most are illustrated. Fifty-nine species are reported from Bermuda for the first time; Oenobotys invinacealis Ferguson (Pyralidae) and Tetanolita mynesalis inaequalis Ferguson (Noctuidae) are described as new. Four new genus-species combinations and four new synonymies are proposed. The Bermuda islands have a distressed fauna dominated by introduced pest species and migrants from the North American mainland and Caribbean Region. About 125 of the 183 recorded species are thought to be established residents; the remainder are assumed to be vagrants. Of approximately 50 resident species identified as probably indigenous, 11 species and three subspecies are endemic, and one of these, Semiothisa ochrifascia (Warren), is believed extinct. All Bermudian Lepidoptera are of American origin except the few introduced Old World species that are nearly cosmopolitan. Like Norfolk Island, Australia, Bermuda has a supersaturated lepidopterous fauna - more recorded species than its land area might support, which can be explained only by a high incidence of migrants and transients. This migratory component is explained relative to long-range movements of the same or congeneric species elsewhere; and hypotheses are proposed concerning the natural history of long-range dispersal in eastern North America and the ability of these moths to reach Bermuda. From a list of 113 species of Lepidoptera identified as frequent south-north migrants on the mainland, 76 are recorded from Bermuda. These include 38 of the 40 best-known cutworm moths of the eastern United States. It is argued that such moths reach Bermuda repeatedly without man's assistance and must regularly travel similar distances in North America. RP FERGUSON, DC (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0071-075X J9 MEM ENTOMOL SOC CAN JI Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. PD FAL PY 1991 IS 158 BP 3 EP 105 PG 103 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GT390 UT WOS:A1991GT39000001 ER PT J AU SINDEN, SL CANTELO, WW SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL AF SINDEN, SL CANTELO, WW SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL TI ALLELOCHEMICALLY MEDIATED HOST-RESISTANCE TO THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ROLE OF THE PLANT-DERIVED SUBSTANCES FOR INSECT CONTROL CY OCT, 1989 CL ST JOHNS, CANADA SP ENTOMOL SOC CANADA AB Several wild species of potato and tomato are highly resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and allelochemicals have been associated with resistance in some of these such as 2-tridecanone in the glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabaratum C.H. Mull and leptine glycoalkaloids in the leaves of Solanum chacoense Bitt. We determined the glycoalkaloid compositions of leaves from two newly recognized resistant species, S. neocardenasii Hawkes and Hjerting and S. pinnatisectum Hawkes. Glycoalkaloids occurring at high concentrations in S. neocardenasii (tomatine and a new glycoalkaloid, solanocardenine) and S. pinnatisectum (tomatine) may be at least partially responsible for their resistance to Colorado potato beetle. The role of glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes in conferring resistance to the Colorado potato beetle in wild Solanum species is discussed. RP SINDEN, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0071-075X J9 MEM ENTOMOL SOC CAN JI Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. PD FAL PY 1991 IS 159 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GT856 UT WOS:A1991GT85600004 ER PT J AU FARR, DF AF FARR, DF TI SEPTORIA SPECIES ON CORNUS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SEPTORIA; CORNUS; DOGWOODS; KEY AB Five species of Septoria on Cornus are described and illustrated. A key for the identification of these species is provided. Two are found on several host species, while the remaining three are restricted to a single species of dogwood. Differences in the Septoria spp. may be correlated with proposed evolution in the genus Cornus. RP FARR, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,RM 304,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 611 EP 623 DI 10.2307/3760216 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GQ097 UT WOS:A1991GQ09700009 ER PT J AU REDLIN, SC AF REDLIN, SC TI DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA SP-NOV CAUSE OF DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE APIOGNOMONIA; CANKER; COELOMYCETES; CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS; CONIDIOMATA; CORNACEAE; CORNUS; DIAPORTHALES; DIAPORTHE; ELSINOE-CORNI; EPIDEMIC; GLOEOSPORIUM; GNOMONIELLA; HARDWOOD TREES; LEAF SPOT; PHIALIDES; PHOMOPSIS; PHOMOPSIS-CORNI ID FLOWERING DOGWOOD; NORTHEASTERN AB A detailed description is provided of the coelomycetous fungus causing dogwood anthracnose on Cornus florida, C. kousa and C. nuttallii in North America. Conidiomata are acervular and subcuticular on leaves and twigs. Conidiophores are integrated and branched with elongated cylindrical acuminate phialides. Conidia are ellipsoid, nonseptate, hyaline and guttulate. Characteristics of the fungus in pure culture and on artificially inoculated leaf discs are also presented. Isolates from the three hosts in eastern and western North America are considered conspecific. The fungus, previously known as Discula sp., is described as a new species of Discula, Discula destructiva. Its relationship to other fungi on Cornus spp. and its possible origin are discussed. RP REDLIN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 53 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 83 IS 5 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.2307/3760218 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GQ097 UT WOS:A1991GQ09700011 ER PT J AU HEAGLE, AS MCLAUGHLIN, MR MILLER, JE JOYNER, RL SPRUILL, SE AF HEAGLE, AS MCLAUGHLIN, MR MILLER, JE JOYNER, RL SPRUILL, SE TI ADAPTATION OF A WHITE CLOVER POPULATION TO OZONE STRESS SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE OZONE STRESS; AIR POLLUTION; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; WHITE CLOVER; ADAPTATION ID TALL FESCUE PASTURE; LADINO CLOVER; TOLERANCE; REGROWTH; EXPOSURE; FORAGE; GROWTH AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) 'Regal' and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 'Kentucky 31' were grown together in a field and exposed for two seasons in open-top chambers to six ozone (O3) regimes ranging from 0.59 to 1.95 times the ambient O3 concentration. Plants that survived were propagated clonally and used in the present study to determine whether selection for resistance or sensitivity to O3 had occurred. Relative foliar sensitivity of surviving clones to various short-term O3 exposure regimes was determined with and without infection by several viruses. In tests of all surviving clones with viruses present, higher percentages of clones that survived two seasons at the high O3 levels were resistant to short-term exposure to O3 than were those that survived exposure to the low O3 treatments. Only one of the 33 clones that survived exposure to charcoal-filtered air (0.59 treatment) was O3-resistant while 19 of the 30 clones surviving the 1.95 treatment were O3-resistant. Conversely, eight clones that survived the 0.59 treatment were sensitive to O3 while none of those that survived the 1.95 treatment were sensitive. The results indicate that selection pressure in the presence of O3 stress was for resistance to O3. Various combinations of five common viruses of clover were present among the surviving clones. Shoot-tip meristem culture was used to free one O3-resistant and one O3-sensitive clone from all viruses. The relative O3 sensitivity of these two clones was not affected by viruses. Further testing is required to determine the relationships between relative foliar sensitivity to short-term O3 exposure and relative sensitivity to growth effects caused by long-term exposure. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HEAGLE, AS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 119 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb01008.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ004 UT WOS:A1991GJ00400007 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, JF SWANSON, FJ HARMON, ME PERRY, DA SPIES, TA DALE, VH MCKEE, A FERRELL, WK MEANS, JE GREGORY, SV LATTIN, JD SCHOWALTER, TD LARSEN, D AF FRANKLIN, JF SWANSON, FJ HARMON, ME PERRY, DA SPIES, TA DALE, VH MCKEE, A FERRELL, WK MEANS, JE GREGORY, SV LATTIN, JD SCHOWALTER, TD LARSEN, D TI EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATIC-CHANGE ON FORESTS IN NORTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The probable effects of some potential changes in regional climate are explored for the coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. The authors predict patterns of vegetational shifts, based on the output from computer simulations and from paleobotanical data on change during the Holocene (when climate was similar to that predicted for the near future). Conclusions are drawn about the responses of established forests in dry versus moist habitats, northern versus southern latitudes, and interior versus coastal environments. An emphasis is made on management needs required to save biodiversity in the region. RP FRANKLIN, JF (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 0 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD FAL-WIN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 233 EP 254 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA HU360 UT WOS:A1991HU36000004 ER PT J AU MARTIN, S EVERETT, R ZABOWKSI, D ANDERSON, T ROBSON, K AF MARTIN, S EVERETT, R ZABOWKSI, D ANDERSON, T ROBSON, K TI MONITORING CHANGES IN VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE ACROSS A FOREST MEADOW BOUNDARY SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP MARTIN, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD FAL-WIN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 350 EP 351 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA HU360 UT WOS:A1991HU36000015 ER PT J AU EVERETT, R ROBSON, K BARKER, W LILLYBRIDGE, T AF EVERETT, R ROBSON, K BARKER, W LILLYBRIDGE, T TI RARE CLIFF-DWELLING PLANT-SPECIES AS BIOLOGICAL MONITORS OF CLIMATE CHANGE SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP EVERETT, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1133 N W AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD FAL-WIN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 352 EP 353 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA HU360 UT WOS:A1991HU36000017 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RJ LOUIE, R KNOKE, JK AF ANDERSON, RJ LOUIE, R KNOKE, JK TI OVERWINTERING OF THE LEAFHOPPER GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) IN NORTHERN OHIO SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS; MAIZE AB Graminella nigrifrons was collected from the field in the fall of 1981 and placed in field cages containing fescue sod. Sixteen newly emerged G. nigrifrons were collected with a vacuum sampler the following spring. In the winter of 1982-1983, G. nigrofrons overwintered poorly on orchardgrass, better on ryegrass, and best on fescue. This data suggests that G. nigrifrons overwintered as eggs. Stadia of development for G. nigrifrons were one week longer on fescue than on ryegrass. Compared to naturally infested caged areas, those into which an additional 2,636 field-collected leafhoppers were released resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in leafhopper survival. The vacuum sampler collected more leafhopper than did small (130 cm2), yellow, adhesive-coated cards. Yellow cards captured more males than females, whereas the vacuum sampler collected more females than males inside the cages. The increased numbers of G. nigrifrons in the caged area after the fall release, and the 1:1 sex ratio found on sod areas outside cages are evidence that G. nigrifrons overwinters in northern Ohio. Fescue and ryegrass may serve as important overwintering hosts. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP ANDERSON, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 91 IS 4 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GJ883 UT WOS:A1991GJ88300004 ER PT J AU FAYER, R ELSASSER, TH AF FAYER, R ELSASSER, TH TI BOVINE SARCOCYSTOSIS - HOW PARASITES NEGATIVELY AFFECT GROWTH SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; MOLECULAR-FORMS; FACTOR-ALPHA; CALVES; SOMATOSTATIN; CACHECTIN; HORMONE; PLASMA; CRUZI AB Growth, though genetically encoded, is markedly influenced in healthy animals by the interaction of hormonal and nutritional factors. The uptake and use of nutrients by specific tissues is regulated by a priority system that modulates physiological processes. Nutritional, hormonal and immunological consequences of parasitism often lead to partitioning of nutrients away from growth. In this article, Ron Fayer and Ted Elsasser use a bovine sarcocystosis model to show that changes in plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin (SSN), as well as the host's immunological response to the parasite via cytokine interactions with the endocrine system, are modulators of perturbed growth. C1 USDA, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, RUMINANT NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, ZOONOT DIS LAB, 10300 BALTIMORE BLVD, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD SEP PY 1991 VL 7 IS 9 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(91)90242-G PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GE086 UT WOS:A1991GE08600013 PM 15463511 ER PT J AU PEKARY, AE LUKASKI, HC MENA, I HERSHMAN, JM AF PEKARY, AE LUKASKI, HC MENA, I HERSHMAN, JM TI PROCESSING OF TRH PRECURSOR PEPTIDES IN RAT-BRAIN AND PITUITARY IS ZINC DEPENDENT SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE TRH; TRH-GLY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ZINC DEFICIENCY; BRAIN; HYPOTHALAMUS; PITUITARY ID HORMONE PRECURSOR; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; THYROID-FUNCTION; DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; HYPOTHALAMUS; CONVERSION; SECRETION; BINDING AB The enzymes responsible for the posttranslational processing of precursor proteins to form alpha-amidated peptide hormones require the availability of several cofactors, including zinc, copper and ascorbate ions. Major changes in the availability of these cofactors, as well as the rate of hormone precursor conversion to active hormone, occur during neonatal development, aging and caloric restriction. The effects of 6 weeks of a zinc-deficient (ZD1) diet, pair feeding (PF) and partial zinc deficiency (ZD6) compared to a control diet on the enzymatic cleavage and processing of prepro-TRH to form TRH have been studied in the hypothalamus, brain, and pituitary of young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that TRH was the major TRH-IR component of the hypothalamus, brain and pituitary. The effect of zinc deficiency on the TRH-Gly-IR HPLC profile of rat brain was to reduce selectively the area of the peaks for TRH-Gly and other low molecular weight pro-TRH peptide fragments with a C-terminal Gly compared to the corresponding TRH-Gly-IR peaks of the control group. We conclude that the processing of prepro-TRH to form TRH is zinc dependent via posttranslational processing enzymes such as carboxypeptidase H. C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP PEKARY, AE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,VET ADM WADSWORTH MED CTR,DEPT MED,ENDOCRINOL RES LAB,MED SERV,BLDG 114,LOS ANGELES,CA 90073, USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1025 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(91)90055-T PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GM636 UT WOS:A1991GM63600021 PM 1800945 ER PT J AU LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG TANAKA, FS AF LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG TANAKA, FS TI CHLORIMURON ETHYL METABOLISM IN CORN SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS RP LAMOUREUX, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 66 EP 81 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90061-P PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GJ373 UT WOS:A1991GJ37300009 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, WF HONIGBERG, IL AF SCHMIDT, WF HONIGBERG, IL TI NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF INTERACTION ENERGIES OF EPHEDRINE STEREOISOMERS IN NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THERMODYNAMIC DATA SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INTERACTION ENERGY; C-13 CROSS-POLARIZATION MAGIC ANGLE SPINNING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (C-13 C; SOLIDS; CHEMICAL SHIFT; EPHEDRINE; PSEUDOEPHEDRINE; RELATIVE DIRECTION OF POLARIZATION ID STATE C-13 NMR; STEREOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS; DIASTEREOMERS AB Equations relating the interaction energies of each of the binary mixtures of ephedrine from linear combinations of the energies of the individual isomers are presented. The interaction energies in the noncrystalline solid mixtures measured from NMR chemical shift data using cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance C-13 cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((CP)-C-13/MAS NMR) spectroscopy correlate strongly with interaction energy from thermodynamic data. The summation of changes in relative frequencies for structurally equivalent carbons is used as a measure of differences in electron shielding on mixing. The relative direction of polarization of individual stereoisomers is found to affect association in noncrystalline binary mixtures of solids. NMR chemical shift data of solids may be useful in confirming spectroscopically the interactions of stereoisomers observed thermodynamically. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL PHARM,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1128 EP 1136 DI 10.1023/A:1015898217143 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GD324 UT WOS:A1991GD32400007 PM 1788158 ER PT J AU MCKEAN, J BUECHEL, S GAYDOS, L AF MCKEAN, J BUECHEL, S GAYDOS, L TI REMOTE-SENSING AND LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH THEMATIC CONF ON GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING CY APR 29-MAY 02, 1991 CL DENVER, CO SP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN ID MAPPER SIMULATOR DATA AB Remotely acquired multispectral data are used to improve landslide hazard assessments at all scales of investigation. A vegetation map produced from automated interpretation of TM data is used in a GIS context to explore the effect of vegetation type on debris flow occurrence in preparation for inclusion in debris flow hazard modeling. Spectral vegetation indices map spatial patterns of grass senescence which are found to be correlated with soil thickness variations on hillslopes. Grassland senescence is delayed over deeper, wetter soils that are likely debris flow source areas. Prediction of actual soil depths using vegetation indices may be possible up to some limiting depth greater than the grass rooting zone. On forested earthflows, the slow slide movement disrupts the overhead timber canopy, exposes understory vegetation and soils, and alters site spectral characteristics. Both spectral and textural measures from broad band multispectral data are successful at detecting an earthflow within an undisturbed old-growth forest. C1 TGS INC,NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NASA,AMES RES CTR,US GEOL SURVEY,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP MCKEAN, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PLEASANT HILL,CA 94523, USA. RI McKean, Jim/C-3581-2011 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1185 EP 1193 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GD546 UT WOS:A1991GD54600007 ER PT J AU MARGULIES, MM AF MARGULIES, MM TI SEQUENCE SIMILARITY BETWEEN PHOTOSYSTEM-I AND PHOTOSYSTEM-II - IDENTIFICATION OF A PHOTOSYSTEM-I REACTION CENTER TRANSMEMBRANE HELIX THAT IS SIMILAR TO TRANSMEMBRANE HELIX-IV OF THE D2-SUBUNIT OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II AND THE M-SUBUNIT OF THE NONSULFUR PURPLE AND FLEXIBLE GREEN BACTERIA SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EVOLUTION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN STRUCTURE ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER; CHLOROPHYLL-A-APOPROTEINS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; CHLOROFLEXUS-AURANTIACUS; PROTEIN SEQUENCES; CENTER-B; CHLOROBIUM; MEMBRANE; GENES AB There are basic structural similarities between plant PS II and bacterial RCs of the Chloroflexaceae and Rhodospirillaceae. These RCs are referred to as PS II-type RCs. A similar relationship of PS I RC to PS II-type RCs has not been established. Although plant PS I and PS II RCs show structural and functional differences, they also share similarities. Therefore, the A and B polypeptides of PS I were searched for PS II D1 and D2 polypeptide-like sequences. An alignment without gaps was found between PS II-type D2/M helix IV and PS I B helix X, as well as a weaker alignment of PS II-type D1/L with PS I B helix X. No comparable alignment with PS I A was found. In the M/D2 alignment there were eight identities and some conservative substitutions in twenty nine residues. PS I B helix X appeared to contain a modified chlorophyll dimer and monomer binding site and a modified non-heme iron-quinone binding site. The conserved residue sequence was found only in RC polypeptides. The proposed chlorophyll dimer-monomer binding site was located transmembrane from the iron-sulfur cluster X binding site. The conserved residues generally are those that interact with prosthetic groups. Half of the conserved residues are located on the same side of the helix. Thus, although there are impediments to concluding firmly that PS I B helix X has a functional and evolutionary relatedness to the D2 PS II and bacterial M RC polypeptides. our analysis gives reasonable support to the idea. RP MARGULIES, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, 046 A, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 3 BP 133 EP 147 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GP447 UT WOS:A1991GP44700002 PM 24415151 ER PT J AU ESKINS, K JIANG, CZ SHIBLES, R AF ESKINS, K JIANG, CZ SHIBLES, R TI LIGHT-QUALITY AND IRRADIANCE EFFECTS ON PIGMENTS, LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEINS AND RUBISCO ACTIVITY IN A CHLOROPHYLL-HARVESTING AND LIGHT-HARVESTING-DEFICIENT SOYBEAN MUTANT SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; IRRADIANCE; LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEINS; LIGHT-QUALITY; MUTANTS; PIGMENTS; RUBISCO; SOYBEAN ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; FAR-RED LIGHT; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; MESSENGER-RNA; BLUE-LIGHT; EXPRESSION; LEAVES; ACCUMULATION; PHOTOSYSTEM; PLANTS AB Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) plants, normal green (Clark L1) and mutant yellow (Clark y9y9), were grown in (1) full-spectrum solar irradiation; (2) either red plus far-red or blue plus far-red; (3) either red or blue light with no far-red light. Young leaves harvested from first (1TF) trifoliolate or fifth (5TF) trifoliolate stages of development showed that the mutant plants express pigment and protein deficiencies as a direct function of irradiance. Response of the mutant to light quality indicates that blue light slightly enhances expression of the mutation at higher irradiances. Direct response of light-harvesting proteins of photosystem 2 (LHCP2) and light-harvesting protein of photosystem 1 (LHCP1) to light quality increases the ratio of LHCP1/LHCP2 in blue light compared to that in red or red/far-red light. Rubisco proteins and Rubisco activity (leaf area basis) are directly related to irradiance level but are enhanced in blue light over equal irradiance red. This enhancement is not shown in the presence of far-red light. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP ESKINS, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830108.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ276 UT WOS:A1991GJ27600009 ER PT J AU NOLDUS, LPJJ VANLENTEREN, JC LEWIS, WJ AF NOLDUS, LPJJ VANLENTEREN, JC LEWIS, WJ TI HOW TRICHOGRAMMA PARASITOIDS USE MOTH SEX-PHEROMONES AS KAIROMONES - ORIENTATION BEHAVIOR IN A WIND-TUNNEL SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYMENOPTERA; TRICHOGRAMMA-EVANESCENS; TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; MAMESTRA-BRASSICAE; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; SEX PHEROMONE; KAIROMONE; ORIENTATION BEHAVIOR; WIND TUNNEL ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ENTOMOPHAGOUS INSECTS; MAMESTRA-BRASSICAE; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; HYMENOPTERA; RESPONSES; EVANESCENS; LEPIDOPTERA AB The orientation behaviour of Trichogramma egg parasitoids (T. evanescens Westwood and T. pretiosum Riley) in response to the sex pheromone of their noctuid hosts (Mamestra brassicae L. and Heliothis zea (Boddie)) was investigated in a wind tunnel. Wasps were released on platforms which served as models of leaves, and were exposed to overhead light and an air stream that was either clean or loaded with host sex pheromone. The wasps exhibited: upwind anemotaxis, which was not affected by odour; odour-modulated positive phototaxis; and odour-induced inverse orthokinesis. Compared with clean air, residence times, walking times and path lengths on a platform were higher in pheromone-loaded air than in clean air. In pheromone-loaded air, walking velocity was reduced. During locomotion on a horizontal platform, net movement was upwind, regardless of the presence or absence of pheromone in the air. On a platform inclined at 45-degrees, anemotaxis appeared offset by positive phototaxis. If wasps were released on top of a glass rod above a platform, host sex pheromone caused wasps to land shortly after take-off. These results are used to explain higher rates of parasitism of moth eggs in pheromone-treated plots in earlier field experiments. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT ENTOMOL,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RI van Lenteren, Joop/J-1748-2014 OI van Lenteren, Joop/0000-0003-3620-1392 NR 63 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1991.tb00570.x PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD249 UT WOS:A1991GD24900006 ER PT J AU BULL, CT WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS AF BULL, CT WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROOT COLONIZATION AND SUPPRESSION OF GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN 2-79 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAKE-ALL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-GROWTH; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; WHEAT ROOTS; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA; POTATO; SOIL; MICROFLORA AB Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79RN10 produces the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (Phz+) and is a biocontrol agent of take-all of wheat. This study demonstrated a positive relationship between root colonization by 2-79RN10 and biological control of take-all. In natural soil, either infested or not infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the population sizes of 2-79RN10 (Phz+), 2-79-B46 (phenazine deficient, Phz-), and 2-79-B46R (genetically restored, Phz+) detected on wheat roots were directly related to the dose of bacteria applied to the seed. Furthermore, the population size of 2-79RN10 or 2-79-B46R on wheat seeds and roots and the number of lesions formed by G. g. tritici on seminal roots were inversely related. This study also demonstrated for the first time that phenazine-1-carboxylic acid is a major factor in suppression of G. g. tritici during primary infection of roots because strain 2-79-B46 failed to suppress lesion formation. No inverse correlation occurred between the population size of strain 2-79-B46 on seeds or roots and the number of root lesions. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 44 TC 227 Z9 240 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 954 EP 959 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-954 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD538 UT WOS:A1991GD53800003 ER PT J AU NAMBA, S BOSCIA, D AZZAM, O MAIXNER, M HU, JS GOLINO, D GONSALVES, D AF NAMBA, S BOSCIA, D AZZAM, O MAIXNER, M HU, JS GOLINO, D GONSALVES, D TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF CLOSTEROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH GRAPEVINE CORKY BARK DISEASE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAFROLL DISEASE; VIRUSES AB Closteroviruslike particles, designated as grapevine corky bark-associated virus (GCBaV), were purified from mature leaves and stem phloem tissue of a corky bark-affected grapevine that had indexed negative for other grapevine viruses. Electron microscopy of purified preparations revealed the presence of flexuous rod-shaped viruslike particles that were about 13 nm in diameter and between 1,400 and 2,000 nm long, with a helical pitch of 3.4 nm. In purified preparations, the GCBaV particles degraded within a few weeks, unlike grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV), which was stable for more than 1 mo under the same storage condition. The molecular weight of the coat protein of GCBaV was 24,000. A large dsRNA molecule (about 15.3 kbp), along with lower molecular weight species, was detected in tissues of corky bark-diseased grapevines, but not in healthy grapevines. Polyclonal antisera were produced in rabbits against purified or partially purified virus preparations. In direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antisera to GCBaV did not react to the serologically distinct types (II and III) of the long closteroviruses associated with grapevine leafroll disease and grapevine virus A (GVA), and vice versa. This antiserum also reacted in ELISA with other corky bark-affected grapevines. Our data suggest that closteroviruslike particles, designated as GCBaV, may be the causal agent of corky bark disease. However, definitive proof is still lacking. The inclusion of GCBaV in the group of closteroviruses with citrus tristeza virus is proposed. C1 CNR,CTR STUDIO VIRUSE VIROSI COLTURE MEDITERRANEE,I-70100 BARI,ITALY. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP NAMBA, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 964 EP 970 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-964 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD538 UT WOS:A1991GD53800005 ER PT J AU PEMBERTON, IJ MCLAUGHLIN, MR SMITH, GR AF PEMBERTON, IJ MCLAUGHLIN, MR SMITH, GR TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO VIRUS-INDUCED LETHAL WILT IN ARROWLEAF CLOVER SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS AB Inheritance of the lethal wilt (LW) reaction in arrowleaf clover inoculated with a pea mosaic-type virus (PMV) isolate, 204-1, of the bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) subgroup was investigated. The expression of LW was found to be simply inherited and conditioned by a single dominant gene (L). Resistance to LW was conferred by the homozygous recessive form of the gene. Interaction of the L gene with five other BYMV subgroup isolates was also studied. Germ plasm tested included LW-resistant (family 3-97; ll) and -susceptible (Yuchi; approximately 20% LL or Ll) populations of arrowleaf clover. The LW reaction in arrowleaf clover is virus strain-specific, and only one other isolate, TX-22, induced LW in susceptible arrowleaf clover. Lethal wilt did not occur when susceptible arrowleaf clover was inoculated with BYMV-Scott, BYMV-RC, TX-3, and clover yellow vein virus (CYVV-Pratt) isolates. Plants in the family 3-97 did not express LW when inoculated with any of the six isolates. Plants resistant to the LW syndrome were susceptible to infection with all the virus isolates tested and developed symptoms consisting of varying degrees of nonlethal wilting and systemic mosaic. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP PEMBERTON, IJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,OVERTON,TX 75684, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1001 EP 1005 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1001 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD538 UT WOS:A1991GD53800012 ER PT J AU MCKERN, NM SHUKLA, DD TOLER, RW JENSEN, SG TOSIC, M FORD, RE LEON, O WARD, CW AF MCKERN, NM SHUKLA, DD TOLER, RW JENSEN, SG TOSIC, M FORD, RE LEON, O WARD, CW TI CONFIRMATION THAT THE SUGARCANE MOSAIC-VIRUS SUBGROUP CONSISTS OF 4 DISTINCT POTYVIRUSES BY USING PEPTIDE PROFILES OF COAT PROTEINS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-TERMINI; MAIZE-DWARF; IDENTIFICATION; SEROLOGY; SORGHUM; STRAINS; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION; JOHNSONGRASS; SEQUENCES AB The taxonomic status of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains reported from various parts of the world has been uncertain. Previous analyses of 17 SCMV strains with virus-specific polyclonal antibodies demonstrated that they represent four distinct potyviruses, namely Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), and SCMV. To confirm this classification, we have now compared six strains of SCMV, three strains of JGMV, and two strains each of MDMV and SrMV using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) peptide profiling of tryptic digests of their coat proteins. The results showed that peptide profiles could be divided into four distinct groups, which are as different from each other as are peptide profiles of other distinct potyviruses. These findings confirm our previous classification of SCMV strains based on N-terminal serology. C1 CSIRO,DIV BIOMOLEC ENGN,PARKVILLE LAB,343 ROYAL PARADE,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV BELGRADE,FAC AGR,YU-11080 BEOGRAD ZEMNN,YUGOSLAVIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NATL CTR PLANT & ANIM HLTH,DEPT PHYTOPATHOL,HAVANA,CUBA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1025 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD538 UT WOS:A1991GD53800015 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SW AF PETERSON, SW TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FUSARIUM SPECIES USING RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE COMPARISONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC : RECENT ADVANCES IN FUSARIUM SYSTEMATICS CY AUG 07, 1990 CL GRAND RAPIDS, MI SP AMER PHYTOPATHOL SOC ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MOLECULAR DRIVE; SECTION LISEOLA; GENE; EVOLUTION; DNA; FAMILY RP PETERSON, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1051 EP 1054 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GD538 UT WOS:A1991GD53800022 ER PT J AU COX, TS HARRELL, LG CHEN, P GILL, BS AF COX, TS HARRELL, LG CHEN, P GILL, BS TI REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR OF HEXAPLOID DIPLOID WHEAT HYBRIDS SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; TRITICUM-URARTU; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; INTROGRESSION; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; RESTITUTION DIVISION ID TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM L; RUST RESISTANCE; COMMON WHEAT; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM; GENE AB The bottleneck restricting introgression of useful genes directly from diploid into hexaploid wheats is the low number of BC1F1 seeds obtained. In crosses between hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD) and Aegilops squarrosa L. (DD) or T. urartu Thum. (AA), this bottleneck may be overcome simply by pollinating a sufficient number of F1 spikes. However, hybrids between hexaploid wheat cultivars (T. aestivum) and T. monococcum L. (AA) generally are highly female-sterile, often having no pistils. One T. monococcum accession, PI355520, when crossed with T. aestivum, produced hybrids with female fertility in the same range as that of T. aestivum/A. squarrosa or T. aestivum/T. urartu hybrids, ca. 0.5 to 1.0 backcross seed per spike. We found that female fertility was controlled by two duplicate genes in PI 355520, and that this accession can be used as a bridging parent to introgress genes from other T. monococcum accessions into hexaploid wheat. Pairing of homologous chromosomes was less frequent and weaker in such crosses than in T. aestivum/A. squarrosa crosses, but homoeologous bivalents occurred at a rate of almost 0.5 II per cell. Restitution division was detected in crosses involving all three diploid species and was confirmed cytologically in crosses with PI 355520. Chromosome numbers of BC1F1 plants ranged from 35 to 67; plants with 49 or more chromosomes occurred at frequencies of 0.09 to 0.21 among progeny of A. squarrosa and T. urartu and 0.29 in progeny of T. aestivum/T. monococcum crosses involving PI 355520. These results are consistent with those of previous studies, demonstrating the potential of direct hexaploid/diploid crosses for rapidly introgressing useful genes into hexaploid wheat with minimum disturbance of the background genotype. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CTR WHEAT GENET RESOURCE,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP COX, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 107 IS 2 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00537.x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA GV240 UT WOS:A1991GV24000003 ER PT J AU PAUSCH, RC BRITZ, SJ MULCHI, CL AF PAUSCH, RC BRITZ, SJ MULCHI, CL TI GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR) IN SIMULATED VEGETATION SHADE - INFLUENCE OF THE RATIO OF RED TO FAR-RED RADIATION SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; LEGUMINOSAE; SOYBEAN; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOCHROME; FAR-RED; BLUE LIGHT; INTERCROPPING ID CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM L; LIGHT QUALITY RED; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; PHYTOCHROME; PLANTS; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; RESPONSES; MORPHOGENESIS; PHOTORECEPTOR; ELONGATION AB Glycine max (L.) Merr. was grown under several light conditions to determine the role of red and far-red radiation in plant adaptation to vegetation shade. Neutral density, 'neutral' density with elevated far-red radiation, and green shade treatments were used in a greenhouse, producing calculated phytochrome photostationary state (P(fr)/P(r)+P(fr)) values of 0.68, 0.63 and 0.51, respectively. Cool-white fluorescent lamps either alone or in conjunction with far-red fluorescent lamps were used in a growth chamber, providing P(fr)/P(r)+P(fr) of 0.79 and 0.61, respectively. Daily photosynthetically active radiation was about 25% of daylight and was approximately equal for both greenhouse (2.15 MJ m-2) and growth chamber (2.57 MJ m-2). Developmental stage 4 weeks after sowing was similar for all treatments, but axillary growth and rates of leaf area and dry matter accretion differed between plants from greenhouse and growth chamber. Light conditions simulating vegetation shade (i.e. a low ratio of red to far-red radiation) significantly promoted petiole elongation and retarded the rate of stem elongation in both greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. Other aspects of growth either were not significantly altered by spectral quality or were not modified consistently in both greenhouse and growth chamber environments. Net photosynthetic rates measured under growth conditions for unifoliate and first trifoliolate (TF1) leaves of growth chamber plants between 9 and 21 d after sowing were generally unaffected by spectral quality, but supplemental FR enhanced TF1 leaf area expansion. The latter effect was not correlated with increased dry matter accumulation. The significance of spectral quality for adaptation of soybeans to canopy closure and intercropping is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 14 IS 7 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01537.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GF018 UT WOS:A1991GF01800003 ER PT J AU GRANTZ, DA ASSMANN, SM AF GRANTZ, DA ASSMANN, SM TI STOMATAL RESPONSE TO BLUE-LIGHT - WATER-USE EFFICIENCY IN SUGARCANE AND SOYBEAN SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SACCHARUM SPP; GLYCINE-MAX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GAS EXCHANGE; SUNFLECKS; INDUCTION ID GUARD-CELL PROTOPLASTS; VAPOR-PRESSURE DIFFERENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; VICIA-FABA; CARBON GAIN; RED-LIGHT; CONDUCTANCE; HUMIDITY; KINETICS; MODULATION AB The significance of blue light-stimulated stomatal conductance for carbon assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (g), intercellular CO2 (C(i)), stomatal limitation of A (L), transpiration (E) and water use efficiency (W = A/E), was determined in a C4 and a C3 species. W and L were evaluated for steady-state gas exchange with constant, saturating red light (A(s), g(s), E(s)), and for the integrated gas exchange above the steady state baseline induced by a single, brief pulse of blue light (A(p), g(p), E(p)). Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid), a C4 grass, and soybean (Glycine max) a C3 dicot, were compared. Sugarcane exhibited typical C4 behaviour, with A saturing at C(i) of ca. 200-mu-mol mol-1, compared to > 500-mu-mol mol-1 in soybean. Steady-state W was also considerably higher in sugarcane. The extent of stomatal opening in response to a blue light pulse, from baseline (g(s)) to the maximum value of conductance during the opening response (g(m)), was similar in the two species. More rapid opening and closing of stomata in sugarcane resulted in a smaller integrated magnitude of the conductance response (g(p)) than in soybean. At the peak of the blue light response, both species exhibited similar levels of L. During the response to the pulse of blue light, A and C(i) increased and L decreased to a greater extent in sugarcane than in soybean. As a result, the gas exchange attributed to the stomatal response to blue light exhibited a higher ratio of A(p) to E(p) (W(p)) in sugarcane than in soybean. This W(p) was lower in both species than was the W(s) associated with the steady state gas exchange. The two species did not differ in the rate of induction of photosynthetic utilization of elevated C(i). The greater stimulation of A in sugarcane was attributed to its C4 attributes of greater carboxylation efficiency (slope of the A versus C(i) relationship), lower g(s) and prevailing C(i,s), and greater L(s) under steady-state red illumination. Despite saturation of A at low levels of C(i) in C4 species, the gas exchange attributed to the stomatal response to blue light decreased L and contributed considerably to carbon acquisition, while maintaining the high level of W associated with C4 metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, EXPT STN HSPA, AIEA, HI 96701 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT ORGANISM & EVOLUT BIOL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 14 IS 7 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01541.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GF018 UT WOS:A1991GF01800007 ER PT J AU LIN, YQ WAGNER, MR HEIDMANN, LJ AF LIN, YQ WAGNER, MR HEIDMANN, LJ TI INVITRO FORMATION OF AXILLARY BUDS BY IMMATURE SHOOTS OF PONDEROSA PINE SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE IMMATURE SHOOT EXPLANTS; INVITRO CULTURE; MATURE PONDEROSA PINE; PINUS-PONDEROSA DOUGL EX LAWS ID TISSUE-CULTURES; ORGANOGENESIS; FIR AB Axillary buds were induced from immature shoot explants taken from terminal buds of branches from 29- and 34-year old ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex Laws). The effect of collection time, position on the donor tree from which the explants were taken, and plant growth regulators on axillary bud formation was investigated. Explants from branches taken in late October formed axillary buds, whereas explants from branches collected in February 1988 produced a large amount of callus. The ability to form axillary buds was significantly greater for explants from the upper crown than from the lower portion of the tree. Explant elongation occurred and basal needle primordia swelled on Murashige & Skoog media (MS) containing 2.2-mu-M 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 5.4-mu-M naphthalenacetic acid. When transferred to a MS medium containing 4.4-mu-M BA, 59% of explants formed axillary buds. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP LIN, YQ (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,BOX 4098,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA GH211 UT WOS:A1991GH21100004 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AZEVEDO, MD AF WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AZEVEDO, MD TI REACTION OF TALL FESCUE INFECTED AND NONINFECTED BY ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM TO PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS SUBSP GRAMINICOLA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SEED; GRASSES; PERFORMANCE; TOXICITY AB Seedlings of the tall fescue cultivar Kentucky 31 infected or not infected by the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum were evaluated for reaction to Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola in the greenhouse. Seedlings (11 wk old) were rated for rust infection type (0-4 scale) 2 wk after inoculation with urediniospores. Seedlings rated 0 or 1 were considered resistant and those rated > 1, susceptible; 27% of the infected and 19% of the noninfected seedlings were resistant. In a second experiment, 14 seedlings (10 wk old) each of 20 tall fescue cultivars were inoculated and rated; 12 were infected by endophyte and eight were not. Among the infected cultivars, 7% of the seedlings were rated infection type 0, 2% type 1, 7% type 2, 21% type 3, and 63% type 4. Among the noninfected cultivars, 7% of the seedlings were rated infection type 0, 1% type 1, 4% type 2, 17% type 3, and 71% type 4. Based on these observations, the presence of A. coenophialum in seedlings did not influence infection type of P. g. graminicola. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 75 IS 9 BP 883 EP 886 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GC303 UT WOS:A1991GC30300004 ER PT J AU ZUMMO, N AF ZUMMO, N TI CONCURRENT INFECTION OF INDIVIDUAL CORN KERNELS WITH WHITE AND GREEN ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; MAIZE; PARASITICUS; MISSISSIPPI AB When ears of maize (Zea mays) were needle-inoculated in the field with a white conidial isolate of Aspergillus flavus at 2 days after midsilk, then reinoculated 4 days later with a green conidial isolate of the fungus, both isolates could be recovered from individual kernels. Both isolates also were recovered from individual kernels from reciprocally inoculated ears. Percentage of kernel infection with the green conidial isolate was higher overall than that with the white isolate in tests over a 3-yr period. Inoculation of ears first with the white isolate, then with the green isolate reduced the amount of infection obtained with the green isolate, whereas inoculation first with the green isolate, then with the white isolate did not influence the amount of infection obtained with the green isolate. Time of inoculation with the green isolate did not influence kernel infection with the white isolate. Percentage of infection was higher after inoculation with both isolates than after inoculation with a single isolate. Individual isolates or both isolates could be recovered from the same kernel or from separate, transversely cut kernel segments. The white isolate was recovered from significantly more center kernel segments than from other segments. Recovery of both fungal isolates from segments from most regions of the kernel supports earlier findings that A. flavus infects kernels mainly through the pericarp. RP ZUMMO, N (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 75 IS 9 BP 910 EP 913 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GC303 UT WOS:A1991GC30300012 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD THOMAS, CE AF CHANDLER, LD THOMAS, CE TI EFFECT OF LEAF MINER FEEDING-ACTIVITY ON THE INCIDENCE OF ALTERNARIA LEAF-BLIGHT LESIONS ON MUSKMELON LEAVES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AGROMYZIDAE; CANTALOUPE; DIPTERA; TEXAS AB In laboratory experiments, exposure of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) leaves to adult female leaf miners (Liriomyza trifolii) before inoculation with Alternaria cucumerina significantly increased the incidence of Alternaria leaf blight lesions. Number of lesions increased with the number of female L. trifolii present, exposure time, and increased leaf wetness hours. Linear regression analyses indicated a high degree of significance (r2 = 0.80) when the number of leaf miner punctures per leaf was regressed on the number of lesions per leaf. Regression of the number of punctures on leaf wetness hours did not provide as good a fit for the data (r2 = 0.35). C1 USDA ARS,US VEG LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 75 IS 9 BP 938 EP 940 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GC303 UT WOS:A1991GC30300019 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, RG AF MCGUIRE, RG TI CONCOMITANT DECAY REDUCTIONS WHEN MANGOES ARE TREATED WITH HEAT TO CONTROL INFESTATIONS OF CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POST HARVEST CONTROL; MANGIFERA-INDICA L; HOT-WATER; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; FUNGICIDES; SPOILAGE AB Four heat treatments for quarantine control of Caribbean fruit flies (Anastrepha suspensa) in mango (Mangifera indica) did not affect fruit quality but variably controlled two postharvest diseases. Immersion of fruit in water at a constant temperature of 46 C for 90-115 min significantly reduced anthracnose (Collectrichum gloeosporioides) on three cultivars by 60-87%. Stem end rot (Diplodia natalensis) also was reduced 61-88% by this treatment. Treatment by forced air at 46 C for 195 min or at 48 C for 150 min reduced anthracnose on two cultivars, but an immersion for 150 min in which the water temperature gradually rose to 48 C, following a gradient identical to that created by forced air treatment, had no effect on disease severity. Although all heat treatments led to increased weight loss during 2 wk of storage, fruit treated by gradient hot water immersion were least affected. Hot air treatment and gradient hot water immersion slightly accelerated the softening of fruit, and all heat treatments hastened the development of yellow pigmentation. Immersion in water at a constant temperature of 46 C is recommended for the disinfestation of mangoes because it most effectively controls disease without reducing market quality. Forced air treatment at 48 C, however, is tolerated by the fruit and is more effective than forced air at 46 C for disease control. RP MCGUIRE, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 75 IS 9 BP 946 EP 949 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GC303 UT WOS:A1991GC30300022 ER PT J AU AZZAM, AI GONSALVES, D GOLINO, DA AF AZZAM, AI GONSALVES, D GOLINO, DA TI DETECTION OF DSRNA IN GRAPEVINES SHOWING SYMPTOMS OF RUPESTRIS STEM PITTING DISEASE AND THE VARIABILITIES ENCOUNTERED SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; NUCLEIC-ACID; CLOSTEROVIRUS; EXTRACTION; PARTICLES; PLANT AB Rupestris stem pitting (rSP), a graft-transmissible grapevine disease, can be identified only by its reaction (pitted wood) on inoculated Vitis rupestris 'St. George.' DsRNA was extracted from grapevines from California and Canada that indexed positive for rSP on St. George. Two distinct dsRNA species (B and C) (Mr = 5.3 x 10(6) and 4.4 x 10(6), respectively) were detected from the stem tissue of rSP-positive samples. Although similar dsRNA species (B and C) were detected in extracts of grapevines from New York, the association of dsRNA B and C with rSP in New York samples was not consistent. Also, eight different dsRNAs, known to be associated with the powdery mildew fungus, Uncinula necator, were detected in leaves of New York samples. In New York, the dsRNAs were not observed in leaves or stem samples collected from June through late August during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons, suggesting that dsRNA detection in the grape tissue is variable throughout the season. We suggest that dsRNA species B and C are associated with rSP disease. The inconsistent results with New York samples are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP AZZAM, AI (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 75 IS 9 BP 960 EP 964 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GC303 UT WOS:A1991GC30300027 ER PT J AU DENITTO, GA AF DENITTO, GA TI 1ST REPORT OF PHYTOPHTHORA-LATERALIS ON PACIFIC YEW SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94111. RP DENITTO, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SHASTA TRIN NATL FORESTS,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 75 IS 9 BP 968 EP 968 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GC303 UT WOS:A1991GC30300031 ER PT J AU RAJEEVAN, MS BASSETT, CL HUGHES, DW AF RAJEEVAN, MS BASSETT, CL HUGHES, DW TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CDNA CLONES FOR NADP-MALIC ENZYME FROM LEAVES OF FLAVERIA - TRANSCRIPT ABUNDANCE DISTINGUISHES C3, C3-C4 AND C4 PHOTOSYNTHETIC TYPES SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; C3-C4 INTERMEDIATES; FLAVERIA; NADP-MALIC ENZYME ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; MAIZE LEAVES; MESSENGER-RNA; BUNDLE SHEATH; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MESOPHYLL-CELLS AB To study the control of enhanced synthesis of enzymes associated with C4 photosynthesis relative to non-C4 plants, we investigated the expression of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) in different photosynthetic types of Flaveria. Complementary DNA clones encoding NADP-ME were constructed using poly(A)+ RNA from leaves of Flaveria trinervia (C4) and F. linearis (C3-C4) and identified by homology to a cDNA clone (500 bp) encoding NADP-ME from maize (Zea mays L. (391). The sequence of one clone from each species was determined. The Flaveria clones were 90% homologous over a 564 nucleotide region encoding the carboxy terminal end of the derived polypeptide; sequence similarity to the maize transcript in this region was 71%. Both Flaveria clones detected a 2/3 kb transcript by hybridization to poly(A)+ RNA from expanding leaves of F. trinervia, F. linearis and F. pringlei (C3). The level of transcripts paralleled previously observed NADP-ME activity and abundance differences determined in these species, suggesting that control of the expression of NADP-ME in different photosynthetic types is predominantly at the transcriptional/post-transcriptional level. Southern analysis of genomic DNAs from F. trinervia, F. linearis and F. pringlei indicated a low copy number for this gene in all three species. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 371 EP 383 DI 10.1007/BF00040632 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GF079 UT WOS:A1991GF07900006 PM 1883995 ER PT J AU PARSONS, BL MATTOO, AK AF PARSONS, BL MATTOO, AK TI WOUND-REGULATED ACCUMULATION OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTS IN TOMATO FRUIT - INTERACTIONS WITH FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT, ETHYLENE AND LIGHT SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE; FRUIT RIPENING; GENE EXPRESSION; LIGHT; LYCOPERSICON; WOUNDING ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE PROMOTER; GLYCINE-RICH PROTEIN; AMMONIA-LYASE GENE; INHIBITOR-II GENE; FUNGAL ELICITOR; MESSENGER-RNA; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; DEFENSE GENES AB Regulation of three cDNA clones (pT52, pT53, and pT58) was analyzed in terms of wounding alone and wounding in conjunction with developmental and environmental cues (ripening, ethylene, and light) in tomato fruit tissue. The pT52-specific transcript level is induced by wounding in early-red and red stage fruit and by ethylene. The pT58-specific transcript level is also induced by wounding and ethylene in early-red stage fruit but is not induced by wounding in red fruit. The pT53-specific transcript level is repressed by wounding in early-red and red stage fruit. Like the pT52- and pT58-specific transcripts, the pT53-specific transcript is induced by ethylene. Furthermore, the level of the pT52-specific transcript is regulated by light. Analysis of unwounded tissue showed that the abundance of each cDNA-specific transcript changes during fruit ripening and that each of the transcripts is present in other plant organs as well. This analysis provides information about the interactions between developmental and environmental factors affecting these genes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1007/BF00040639 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GF079 UT WOS:A1991GF07900013 PM 1715787 ER PT J AU SPIELMAN, LJ DRENTH, A DAVIDSE, LC SUJKOWSKI, LJ GU, W TOOLEY, PW FRY, WE AF SPIELMAN, LJ DRENTH, A DAVIDSE, LC SUJKOWSKI, LJ GU, W TOOLEY, PW FRY, WE TI A 2ND WORLDWIDE MIGRATION AND POPULATION DISPLACEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATING TYPE; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; SEGREGATION; ISOENZYME; VIRULENCE; GENETICS; ENGLAND; POTATO; WALES AB The appearance of the A2 mating type (previously restricted to central Mexico) in Europe during the 1980s prompted an investigation of the genetic make-up of European populations using allozyme loci as genetic markers. The investigation shows that major genetic changes have occurred in populations of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands. Poland, and the British Isles. It now appears that a new type of population has been introduced into several locations, and has displaced or is displacing the original populations in these locations. The new and old population types are characterized by unique allozyme alleles and genotypes. The mechanism for displacement of the 'old' by the 'new' population is not yet known. C1 WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT PHYTOPATHOL,6700 EE WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. BIOTECH CTR ROYAL SLUIS,1600 AA ENKHUIZEN,NETHERLANDS. INST POTATO RES,PL-05832 ROZALIN,POLAND. USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP SPIELMAN, LJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Drenth, Andre/A-4915-2008 NR 24 TC 157 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3 BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02400.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GK416 UT WOS:A1991GK41600016 ER PT J AU OBER, ES SETTER, TL MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF SHAPIRO, PS AF OBER, ES SETTER, TL MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF SHAPIRO, PS TI INFLUENCE OF WATER DEFICIT ON MAIZE ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT - ENZYME-ACTIVITIES AND RNA TRANSCRIPTS OF STARCH AND ZEIN SYNTHESIS, ABSCISIC-ACID, AND CELL-DIVISION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; WHEAT; ACCUMULATION; DROUGHT; STRESS; KERNEL; INTACT; PLANTS AB In maize (Zea mays L.), drought during the post-pollination stage decreases kernel growth and often leads to grain yield losses. Kernels in the apical region of the ear are more severely affected than basally positioned kernels. We hypothesized that water deficit during early endosperm development might inhibit kernel growth by decreasing endosperm cell division, and that this response might be mediated by changes in endosperm abscisic acid (ABA) levels. Greenhouse-grown maize, cultivar Pioneer 3925, was subjected to water limitation from 1 to 15 days after pollination (DAP), spanning the period of endosperm cell division and induction of storage product accumulation. Water deficit decreased the number of endosperm nuclei during the treatment period; the most substantial effect was in the apical region of ears. Correspondingly, endosperm fresh weight, starch accumulation and dry mass at maturity were decreased by water limitation. Abscisic acid concentrations in endosperm were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Water deficit increased ABA concentration in apical-region endosperm by fourfold compared to controls. ABA concentrations were also increased in middle and basal regions of the ear, but to a lesser extent. Two key enzymes in the starch synthesis pathway, sucrose synthase and granule-bound ADP-glucose starch synthase, and zein, the major storage protein in maize endosperm, were studied as markers of storage product synthesis. Water deficit did not affect sucrose synthase enzyme activity or RNA transcript abundance relative to total RNA. However, ADP-glucose starch synthase activity and RNA transcript abundance decreased slightly in apical-region endosperm of water-limited plants by 15 DAP, compared with well-watered controls. In contrast to starch, there was no treatment effect on the accumulation of zein, evaluated at either the polypeptide or RNA level. We conclude that under the conditions tested, the establishment of starch and zein synthetic potential in endosperm was only slightly affected by plant water deficit during the early phase of kernel growth, and that capacity for growth and starch accumulation was affected by the extent to which cell division was inhibited. Based on correlative changes in ABA concentration and cell division we suggest that ABA may play a role in inhibiting endosperm cell division during water limitation. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 44 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.154 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300023 PM 16668363 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ AF FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ TI INFLUENCE OF WATER AND TEMPERATURE STRESS ON THE TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF THE REAPPEARANCE OF VARIABLE FLUORESCENCE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; THERMAL-DEPENDENCE; PURIFICATION; REDUCTASE; TOLERANCE; COTTON; WHEAT AB The temperature dependence of the rate and magnitude of the reappearance of photosystem II (PSII) variable fluorescence following illumination has been used to determine plant temperature optima. The present study was designed to determine the effect of a plant's environmental history on the thermal dependency of the reappearance of PSII variable fluorescence. In addition, this study further evaluated the usefulness of this fluorescence technique in identifying plant temperature optima. Laboratory and greenhouse grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv "Norgold M") plants had a thermal kinetic window between 15 and 25-degrees-C. The minimum apparent K(m) of NADH hydroxypyruvate reductase for NADH occurred at 20-degrees-C. This temperature was also the temperature providing maximal reappearance of variable fluorescence. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv "Wayne") plants had a thermal kinetic window between 15 and 30-degrees-C with a minimum apparent K(m) at 25-degrees-C. Maximal reappearance of variable fluorescence was seen between 20 and 30-degrees-C. To determine if increasing environmental temperatures increased the temperature optimum provided from the fluorescence response curves, potato and soybean leaves from irrigated and dryland field grown plants were evaluated. Although the absolute levels of PSII variable fluorescence declined with increasing thermal stress, the temperature optimum of the dryland plants did not increase with increased exposure to elevated temperatures. Because of variability in the daily period of high temperature stress in the field, studies were initiated with tobacco plants grown in controlled environment chambers. The reappearance of PSII variable fluorescence in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv "Wisconsin 38") leaves that had experienced continuous leaf temperatures of 35-degrees-C for 8 days had the same 20-degrees-C optima as leaves from plants grown at room temperature. The results of this study suggest that the temperature optimum for the reappearance of variable fluorescence following illumination is not altered by the plant's previous exposure to variable environmental temperatures. These findings support the usefulness of this procedure for the rapid identification of a plant's temperature optimum. C1 USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.188 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300028 PM 16668368 ER PT J AU JACOBS, JM JACOBS, NJ SHERMAN, TD DUKE, SO AF JACOBS, JM JACOBS, NJ SHERMAN, TD DUKE, SO TI EFFECT OF DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES ON OXIDATION OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN TO PROTOPORPHYRIN IN ORGANELLAR AND PLASMA-MEMBRANE ENRICHED FRACTIONS OF BARLEY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHESIS; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; ACTION MECHANISM; OXIDASE; ACCUMULATION; STEP; HEME; TETRAPYRROLES AB In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root cells, activity for oxidizing protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin (protoporphyrinogen oxidase), a step in chlorophyll and heme synthesis, was found both in the crude mitochondrial fraction and in a plasma membrane enriched fraction separated by a sucrose gradient technique utilized for preparing plasma membranes. The specific activity (expressed as nanomoles of protoporphyrin formed per hour per milligram protein) in the mitochondrial fraction was 8 and in the plasma membrane enriched fraction was 4 to 6. The plasma membrane enriched fraction exhibited minimal cytochrome oxidase activity and no carotenoid content, indicating little contamination with mitochondrial or plastid membranes. Etioplasts from etiolated barley leaves exhibited a protoporphyrinogen oxidase specific activity of 7 to 12. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in the barley root mitochondrial fraction and etioplast extracts was more than 90% inhibited by assay in the presence of the diphenyl ether herbicide acifluorfen methyl, but the activity in the plasma membrane enriched fraction exhibited much less inhibition by this herbicide (12 to 38% inhibition) under the same assay conditions. Acifluorfen-methyl inhibition of the organellar (mitochondrial or plastid) enzyme was maximal upon preincubation of the enzyme with 4 mM dithiothreitol, although a lesser degree of inhibition was noted if the organellar enzyme was preincubated in the presence of other reductants such as glutathione or ascorbate. Acifluorfen-methyl caused only 20% inhibition if the enzyme was preincubated in buffer without reductants. Incubation of barley etioplast extracts with the earlier tetrapyrrole precursor coproporphyrinogen and acifluorfen-methyl resulted in the accumulation of protoporphyrinogen, which could be converted to protoporphyrin even in the presence of the herbicide by the addition of the plasma membrane enriched fraction from barley roots. These findings have implications for the toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides, whose light induced tissue damage is apparently caused by accumulation of the photoreactive porphyrin intermediate, protoporphyrin, when the organellar protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme is inhibited by herbicides. Our results suggest that the protoporphyrinogen that accumulates as a result of herbicide inhibition of the organellar enzyme can be oxidized to protoporphyrin by a protoporphyrinogen oxidizing activity that is located at sites such as the plasma membrane, which is much less sensitive to inhibition by diphenylether herbicides. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DARTMOUTH MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL,HANOVER,NH 03756. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 30 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.197 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300030 PM 16668371 ER PT J AU BURKEY, KO WELLS, R AF BURKEY, KO WELLS, R TI RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANE-FUNCTION TO CANOPY DEVELOPMENT AND MUTUAL SHADING SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN COMPLEXES; LIGHT-INTENSITY; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; PISUM-SATIVUM; SENESCENCE; COMPONENTS; BARLEY; GROWTH; LEAVES AB The effect of natural shading on photosynthetic capacity and chloroplast thylakoid membrane function was examined in soybean (Glycine max. cv Young) under field conditions using a randomized complete block design. Seedlings were thinned to 15 plants per square meter at 20 days after planting. Leaves destined to function in the shaded regions of the canopy were tagged during early expansion at 40 days after planting. To investigate the response of shaded leaves to an increase in available light, plants were removed from certain plots at 29 or 37 days after tagging to reduce the population from 15 to three plants per square meter and alter the irradiance and spectral quality of light. During the transition from a sun to a shade environment, maximum photosynthesis and chloroplast electron transport of control leaves decreased by two- to threefold over a period of 40 days followed by rapid senescence and abscission. Senescence and abscission of tagged leaves were delayed by more than 4 weeks in plots where plant populations were reduced to three plants per square meter. Maximum photosynthesis and chloroplast electron transport activity were stabilized or elevated in response to increased light when plant populations were reduced from 15 to three plants per square meter. Several chloroplast thylakoid membrane components were affected by light environment. Cytochrome f and coupling factor protein decreased by 40% and 80%, respectively, as control leaves became shadeded and then increased when shaded leaves acclimated to high light. The concentrations of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers were not affected by light environment or leaf age in field grown plants, resulting in a constant PSII/PSI ratio of 1.6 +/- 0.3. Analysis of the chlorophyll-protein composition revealed a shift in chlorophyll from PSI to PSII as leaves became shaded and a reversal of this process when shaded leaves were provided with increased light. These results were in contrast to those of soybeans grown in a growth chamber where the PSII/PSI ratio as well as cytochrome f and coupling factor protein levels were dependent on growth irradiance. To summarize, light environment regulated both the photosynthetic characteristics and the timing of senescence in soybean leaves grown under field conditions. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BURKEY, KO (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 33 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.245 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300036 PM 16668377 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT WESCOTT, CR TABOR, CA AF TYREE, MT WESCOTT, CR TABOR, CA TI DIFFUSION AND ELECTRIC MOBILITY OF IONS WITHIN ISOLATED CUTICLES OF CITRUS-AURANTIUM - STEADY-STATE AND EQUILIBRIUM VALUES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF CUTICLES; POTENTIALS; EXCHANGE AB We report a new method for measuring cation and anion permeability across cuticles of sour orange, Citrus aurantium, leaves. The method requires the measurement of two electrical parameters: the diffusion potential arising when the two sides of the cuticle are bathed in unequal concentrations of a Cl- salt; and the electrical conductance of the cuticle measured at a salt concentration equal to the average of that used in the diffusion-potential measurement. The permeabilities of H+, Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+ ranged from 2 x 10(-8) to 0.6 x 10(-8) meters per second when cuticles were bathed in 2 moles per cubic meter Cl- salts. The permeability of Cl- was 3 x 10(-9) meters per second. The permeability of Li+, Na+, and K+ was about five times less when measured in 500 moles per cubic meter Cl- salts. We also report an asymmetry in cuticle-conductance values depending on the magnitude and the direction of current flow. The asymmetry disappears at low current-pulse magnitude and increases linearly with the magnitude of the current pulse. This phenomenon is explained in terms of transport-number effects in a bilayer model of the cuticle. Conductance is not augmented by current carried by exchangeable cations in cuticles; conductance is rate limited by the outer waxy layer of the cuticle. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT AGR BIOCHEM,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.273 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300040 PM 16668382 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, TD BECERRIL, JM MATSUMOTO, H DUKE, MV JACOBS, JM JACOBS, NJ DUKE, SO AF SHERMAN, TD BECERRIL, JM MATSUMOTO, H DUKE, MV JACOBS, JM JACOBS, NJ DUKE, SO TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS FOR DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITIES OF PLANT-SPECIES TO PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SOYBEAN CELLS; ACCUMULATION; IX; MODE AB With a leaf disc assay, 11 species were tested for effects of the herbicide acifluorfen on porphyrin accumulation in darkness and subsequent electrolyte leakage and photobleaching of chlorophyll after exposure to light. Protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) was the only porphyrin that was substantially increased by the herbicide in any of the species. However, there was a wide range in the amount of Proto IX accumulation caused by 0.1 millimolar acifluorfen between species. Within species, there was a reduced effect of the herbicide in older tissues. Therefore, direct quantitative comparisons between species are difficult. Nevertheless, when data from different species and from tissues of different age within a species were plotted, there was a curvilinear relationship between the amount of Proto IX caused to accumulate during 20 hours of darkness and the amount of electrolyte leakage or chlorophyll photobleaching caused after 6 and 24 hours of light, respectively, following the dark period. Herbicidal damage plateaued at about 10 nanomoles of Proto IX per gram of fresh weight. Little difference was found between in vitro acifluorfen inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) of plastid preparations of mustard, cucumber, and morning glory, three species with large differences in their susceptibility at the tissue level. Mustard, a highly tolerant species, produced little Proto IX in response to the herbicide, despite having a highly susceptible Protox. Acifluorfen blocked carbon flow from delta-aminolevulinic acid to protochlorophyllide in mustard, indicating that it inhibits Protox in vivo. Increasing delta-aminolevulinic acid concentrations (33-333 micromolar) supplied to mustard with 0.1 millimolar acifluorfen increased Proto IX accumulation and herbicidal activity, demonstrating that mustard sensitivity to Proto IX was similar to other species. Differential susceptibility to acifluorfen of the species examined in this study appears to be due in large part to differences in Proto IX accumulation in response to the herbicide. In some cases, differences in Proto IX accumulation appear to be due to differences in activity of the porphyrin pathway. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DARTMOUTH MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL,HANOVER,NH 03756. RP SHERMAN, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 36 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.280 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300041 PM 16668383 ER PT J AU KLEIN, RR AF KLEIN, RR TI REGULATION OF LIGHT-INDUCED CHLOROPLAST TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION IN 8-DAY-OLD DARK-GROWN BARLEY SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ILLUMINATED BARLEY; HIGHER-PLANTS; PSAA-PSAB; PSBD-PSBC; ACCUMULATION; NUCLEAR; RNA; ORGANIZATION AB Plastid transcription and translation are light-activated in 8-day-old dark-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Pretreatment of dark-grown seedlings with cycloheximide (inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis) abolished the activation of rbcL, psbA, and psaA-B transcription by light. In contrast, inhibition of plastid protein synthesis by chloramphenicol stimulated light-activated transcription of rbcL, psbA, and psaA-B. Light-induced transcription of the plastid genome occurred normally in the chlorophyll-deficient mutant xan-J64. These results suggest that although the light-induced activation of plastid transcription is modulated by cytoplasmic and organellar protein synthesis, transcriptional activation is not dependent on the absorption of light by protochlorophyllide or the attainment of photosynthetic competence. In addition, plastid translation increased dramatically when 8-day-old dark-grown seedlings were illuminated and activation was dependent on cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Blockage of light-activated plastid transcription by Tagetin treatment (inhibitor of plastid RNA polymerase) did not attenuate the activation of plastid translation by light. These results suggest that while light simultaneously activates plastid transcription and translation, the rapid burst in plastid protein synthesis is due mainly to cytoplasmic-derived changes that regulate the rate of translation of pre-existing mRNAs. RP KLEIN, RR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.335 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300049 PM 16668391 ER PT J AU JONES, AM COCHRAN, DS LAMERSON, PM EVANS, ML COHEN, JD AF JONES, AM COCHRAN, DS LAMERSON, PM EVANS, ML COHEN, JD TI RED LIGHT-REGULATED GROWTH .1. CHANGES IN THE ABUNDANCE OF INDOLEACETIC-ACID AND A 22-KILODALTON AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN IN THE MAIZE MESOCOTYL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AZIDO AUXINS; COLEOPTILES; PHYTOCHROME; ELONGATION; SEEDLINGS; INHIBITION; SHOOTS; SITE AB We examined the changes in the levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA), IAA esters, and a 22-kilodalton subunit auxin-binding protein (ABP1) in apical mesocotyl tissue of maize (Zea mays L.) during continuous red light (R) irradiation. These changes were compared with the kinetics of R-induced growth inhibition in the same tissue. Upon the onset of continuous irradiation, growth decreased in a continuous manner following a brief lag period. The decrease in growth continued for 5 hours, then remained constant at 25% of the dark rate. The abundance of ABP1 and the level of free IAA both decreased in the mesocotyl. Only the kinetics of the decrease in IAA within the apical mesocotyl correlated with the initial change in growth, although growth continued to decrease even after IAA content reached its final level, 50% of the dark control. This decrease in IAA within the mesocotyl probably occurs primarily by a change in its transport within the shoot since auxin applied as a pulse moved basipetally in R-irradiated tissue at the same rate but with half the area as dark control tissue. In situ localization of auxin in etiolated maize shoots revealed that R-irradiated shoots contained less auxin in the epidermis than the dark controls. Irradiated mesocotyl grew 50% less than the dark controls even when incubated in an optimal level of auxin. However, irradiated and dark tissue contained essentially the same amount of radioactivity after incubation in [C-14]IAA indicating that the light treatment does not affect the uptake into the tissue through the cut end, although it is possible that a small subset of cells within the mesocotyl is affected. These observations support the hypothesis that R causes a decrease in the level of auxin in epidermal cells of the mesocotyl, consequently constraining the growth of the entire mesocotyl. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JONES, AM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DCB-8917378] NR 35 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.352 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300051 PM 11538374 ER PT J AU HURKMAN, WJ TAO, HP TANAKA, CK AF HURKMAN, WJ TAO, HP TANAKA, CK TI GERMIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDES INCREASE IN BARLEY ROOTS DURING SALT STRESS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATABLE MESSENGER-RNA; DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; WHEAT EMBRYOS; MEMBRANE-FRACTIONS; OSMOTIC-STRESS; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANT-CELLS; RICE GENE; EXPRESSION AB The 26 kilodalton, isoelectric point 6.3 and 6.5 (Gs1 and Gs2) polypeptides that increase in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots during salt stress were isolated and identified. Both Gs1 and Gs2 had high sequence similarity to germin, a protein that increases significantly in germinating wheat seeds. Like germin, Gs1 and Gs2 were resistant to proteases and were glycosylated. Immunoblots were probed with antibodies to Gs1 and Gs2 to determine the distribution of these polypeptides among organs and cell-free fractions. Gs1 and Gs2 were present in roots and coleoptiles, but absent from leaves. In roots, Gs1 and Gs2 were present in the mature region, but not the tip. Gs1 and Gs2 increased in roots, but decreased in coleoptiles in response to salt stress. Gs1 and Gs2 were distributed among the soluble, microsomal, and cell wall fractions of roots, but the majority of Gs1 and Gs2 was present in the soluble fraction. Although Gs1 and Gs2 were heat stable, their synthesis was not affected by abscisic acid treatment. Gs2 accumulated during abscisic acid treatment, whereas Gs1 did not. However, a 25.5 kilodalton, isoelectric point 6.1 polypeptide that was immunologically related to Gs1 did accumulate with abscisic acid treatment. RP HURKMAN, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT DEV PRODUCTIV RES UNIT,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 35 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 366 EP 374 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.366 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300053 PM 16668394 ER PT J AU BASSIRIRAD, H RADIN, JW MATSUDA, K AF BASSIRIRAD, H RADIN, JW MATSUDA, K TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT WATER AND ION-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF BARLEY AND SORGHUM ROOTS .1. RELATIONSHIP TO LEAF GROWTH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; GROWING REGIONS; PRIMARY LEAVES; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANT-ROOTS; RESPONSES; STRESS; TRANSPIRATION; ADJUSTMENT AB Root temperature strongly affects shoot growth, possibly via "nonhydraulic messengers" from root to shoot. In short-term studies with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolar L.) seedlings, the optimum root temperatures for leaf expansion were 25-degrees and 35-degrees-C, respectively. Hydraulic conductance (L(p)) of both intact plants and detached exuding roots of barley increased with increasing root temperature to a high value at 25-degrees-C, remaining high with further warming. In sorghum, the L(p) of intact plants and of detached roots peaked at 35-degrees-C. In both species, root temperature did not affect water potentials of the expanded leaf blade or the growing region despite marked changes in L(p). Extreme temperatures greatly decreased ion flux, particularly K+ and NO3-, to the xylem of detached roots of both species. Removing external K+ did not alter short-term K+ flux to the xylem in sorghum but strongly inhibited flux at high temperature in barley, indicating differences in the sites of temperature effects. Leaf growth responses to root temperature, although apparently "uncoupled" from water transport properties, were correlated with ion fluxes. Studies of putative root messengers must take into account the possible role of ions. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 30 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.426 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300062 PM 16668404 ER PT J AU HOHN, TM OHLROGGE, JB AF HOHN, TM OHLROGGE, JB TI EXPRESSION OF A FUNGAL SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID SAGE SALVIA-OFFICINALIS; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; PHYTOALEXINS; CULTURES; PYROPHOSPHATE; MONOTERPENE; SYNTHETASE; ELICITOR AB The complete coding sequence for the trichodiene synthase gene from Fusarium sporotrichioides was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) under the regulation of the cauliflower mosiac virus 35S promoter. Expression of trichodiene synthase was demonstrated in the leaves of transformed plants. Leaf homogenates incubated with [H-3]farnesyl pyrophosphate produced trichodiene as a major product. Trichodiene was detected in the leaves of a transformed plant at a level of 5 to 10 nanograms per gram fresh weight. The introduction of a fungal sesquiterpene cyclase gene into tobacco has resulted in the expression of an active enzyme and the accumulation of low levels of its sesquiterpenoid product. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP HOHN, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 97 IS 1 BP 460 EP 462 DI 10.1104/pp.97.1.460 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GJ793 UT WOS:A1991GJ79300068 PM 16668409 ER PT J AU MARIJANOVIC, DR HOLT, P NORRED, WP BACON, CW VOSS, KA STANCEL, PC RAGLAND, WL AF MARIJANOVIC, DR HOLT, P NORRED, WP BACON, CW VOSS, KA STANCEL, PC RAGLAND, WL TI IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME CORN CULTURES IN CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FUSARIN-C; MYCOTOXINS; CHICKENS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ID ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AREAS; TURKEY POULTS; TOXICITY; RATS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS; DUCKLINGS; TRANSKEI; CELLS; FEED AB In the present study, the toxic and immunosuppressive effects of three isolates of Fusarium moniliforme (MRC 826, MRC 1069, and RRC 408) in male White Leghorn chickens were investigated. Chickens were fed diets containing .5, 5.0, or 25% of F. moniliforme corn cultures for 6 wk. About 30% of the chickens fed RRC 408 had leg weakness. Relative weights of bursae of Fabricius were lower in birds fed all doses of MRC 826. Birds fed 5.0 or 25% MRC 1069 had lower relative spleen weights. Thymus weights were lower in birds fed .5 and 5.0% RRC 408, but not in those fed 25%. Immunosuppressive effects were determined by measuring serum levels of primary and secondary agglutinin responses to SRBC and Brucella abortus. Birds fed 5.0 or 25% MRC 826 were immunosuppressed, as shown by low antibody titers to B. abortus in both the primary and secondary responses. Isolate MRC 1069 caused a decrease in secondary response to SRBC at 25% and B. abortus at the 5.0 and 25% of culture material. The RRC 408 isolate reduced the secondary response to SRBC at all doses and response to B. abortus at 5.0 and 25% of culture material. These results appear to be the first report that feed contaminated with F. moniliforme can produce deficiencies in the immune system of chickens. C1 USDA ARS, TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. USDA ARS, SE POULTRY RES LAB, ATHENS, GA 30605 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, POULTRY DIS RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30605 USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1895 EP 1901 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC147 UT WOS:A1991GC14700008 PM 1780260 ER PT J AU LEVIN, I SMITH, EJ AF LEVIN, I SMITH, EJ TI ASSOCIATION OF A CHICKEN REPETITIVE ELEMENT WITH THE ENDOGENOUS VIRUS-21 SLOW-FEATHERING LOCUS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSERTION; DELETION; NUCLEOTIDES; SLOW-FEATHERING LOCUS; ENDOGENOUS VIRUS ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA-SEQUENCE; GENE; FAMILY; PROVIRUS; COMPLEX; CLONING; ORIGIN; SITE AB The DNA sequences of an endogenous virus ev21-cell junction fragment (JFIL-1), and the pristine ev21 unoccupied region were analyzed. Comparisons of 3' proviral sequences of JFIL-1 with comparable regions of ev2, the prototype Rous-associated provirus (RAV-0), revealed minor single-base substitutions in the transmembrane domain of proviral envelope glycoprotein and the long terminal repeat of ev21. In the cell component of the JFIL-1, insertion of a 9-bp direct repeat and deletion of a guanine deoxynucleotide abolished HaeIII and BalI recognition sites that were present in the pristine region. Upstream from the insertion site, a large region was 71 and 75% homologous with dispersed chicken repetitive (CR1) elements associated with vitellogenin and very low density apolipoprotein II genes, respectively. Southern blot hybridizations and comparisons of CR1 motifs such as polypurine tracts, a tandem imperfect octamer, and 6-bp duplications indicated that this sex-linked, CR1 element (CR1ev21) may be the longest member of this family reported thus far. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1948 EP 1956 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC147 UT WOS:A1991GC14700015 PM 1685775 ER PT J AU SMITH, EJ LEVIN, I AF SMITH, EJ LEVIN, I TI APPLICATION OF A LOCUS-SPECIFIC DNA HYBRIDIZATION PROBE IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE SLOW-FEATHERING ENDOGENOUS VIRUS COMPLEX OF CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POLYMORPHISMS; PROVIRUS; UNOCCUPIED SITE; ALLELES; FEATHERING LOCUS ID AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; EV21 AB To investigate further the sex-linked, slow-feathering (SF) locus, a DNA hybridization probe that flanks the integration site of endogenous virus ev21 was used to probe Southern blots from a variety of commercial SF White Leghorn (WL), broiler, and endangered lines. After HaeIII digestion of DNA from SF WL, the 5' and 3' provirus-cell junction fragments were seen in addition to a 2.5-kb fragment of cell sequences that was homologous with the viral integration region. The latter polymorphism, which appeared to represent sequences duplicated after integration of EV21, was designated unoccupied repeat URa. Among SF broiler crosses, the same provirus-cell junction fragments were found but the pristine region that represented the 1.6-kb proviral URb was also found. Only URb was found among rapid-feathering (RF) chickens, regardless of breed. Although there was marked (greater than 95%), agreement between the presence of ev21-cell; junction fragments and the SF phenotype among both WL and broilers, Southern blots of DNA from a few commercial SF broiler chickens lacked ev21 junction fragments but some RF revertants harbored ev21 junction fragments. These anomalies suggest that ev21 may not be the sole determinant of the SF phenotype. RP SMITH, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1957 EP 1964 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GC147 UT WOS:A1991GC14700016 PM 1685776 ER PT J AU GIAVEDONI, L JONES, L MEBUS, C YILMA, T AF GIAVEDONI, L JONES, L MEBUS, C YILMA, T TI A VACCINIA VIRUS DOUBLE RECOMBINANT EXPRESSING THE F-GENES AND H-GENES OF RINDERPEST VIRUS PROTECTS CATTLE AGAINST RINDERPEST AND CAUSES NO POCK LESIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSERTIONAL INACTIVATION OF VACCINIA GENES; ATTENUATION; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT ID IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; MEASLES-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; FUSION PROTEIN; INFECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; VECTOR; MORBILLIVIRUS; IMMUNIZATION AB Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease of ruminants with > 95% morbidity and mortality. We have constructed an infectious vaccinia virus recombinant that expresses both the fusion (F) gene and the hemagglutinin (H) gene of rinderpest virus. The Wyeth strain of vaccinia virus was used for the construction of the recombinant. Cattle vaccinated with the recombinant virus were 100% protected from challenge inoculation with > 1000 times the lethal dose of rinderpest virus. No transmission of recombinant vaccinia virus from vaccinated animals to contact animals was observed. The lyophilized form of vaccinia virus is thermostable and allows circumvention of the logistical problems associated with the distribution and administration of vaccines in the arid and hot regions of Asia and Africa. The insertional inactivation of both the thymidine kinase and the hemagglutinin genes of vaccinia virus led to increased attenuation of the virus; this was manifested by the lack of detectable pock lesions in vaccinated animals. This approach may have wide application in the development of safe and efficacious recombinant vaccines for humans and animals. This becomes quite relevant with the concern of the use of vaccinia virus in a population with high incidence of the human immunodeficiency virus. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MOLEC BIOL TROP DIS AGENTS LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GMO8343-01A1] NR 29 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 88 IS 18 BP 8011 EP 8015 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.18.8011 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GF101 UT WOS:A1991GF10100023 PM 1896447 ER PT J AU BERTHOLD, HK HACHEY, DL REEDS, PJ THOMAS, OP HOEKSEMA, S KLEIN, PD AF BERTHOLD, HK HACHEY, DL REEDS, PJ THOMAS, OP HOEKSEMA, S KLEIN, PD TI UNIFORMLY C-13-LABELED ALGAL PROTEIN USED TO DETERMINE AMINO-ACID ESSENTIALITY INVIVO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE SPIRULINA-PLATENSIS; CHICKEN; LABELED EGG PROTEINS; STABLE ISOTOPES; [U-C-13] LABELING ID YOUNG MEN; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHESIS; KINETICS; METABOLISM; INFANTS; LYSINE; MILK AB The edible alga Spirulina platensis was uniformly labeled with C-13 by growth in an atmosphere of pure (CO2)-C-13. The labeled biomass was then incorporated into the diet of a laying hen for 27 days. The isotopic enrichment of individual amino acids in egg white and yolk proteins, as well as in various tissues of the hen at the end of the feeding period, was analyzed by negative chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The amino acids of successive eggs showed one of two exclusive enrichment patterns: complete preservation of the intact carbon skeleton or extensive degradation and resynthesis. The same observation was made in tissue proteins. These patterns were cleanly divided according to known nutritional amino acid essentiality/nonessentiality but revealed differences in labeling among the nonessential amino acids: most notable was that proline accretion was derived entirely from the diet. Feeding uniformly C-13-labeled algal protein and recovering and analyzing de novo-synthesized protein provides a useful method to examine amino acid metabolism and determine conditional amino acid essentially in vivo. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. MARTEK CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. RP BERTHOLD, HK (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011 OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 88 IS 18 BP 8091 EP 8095 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.18.8091 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GF101 UT WOS:A1991GF10100040 PM 11607211 ER PT J AU SOARES, MJ PROUDMAN, JA AF SOARES, MJ PROUDMAN, JA TI TURKEY AND CHICKEN PROLACTINS STIMULATE THE PROLIFERATION OF RAT NB2 LYMPHOMA-CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LACTOGENIC HORMONES; GROWTH-HORMONE; HUMAN-SERUM; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; BIOASSAY; CDNA AB The purpose of this investigation was to assess the actions of two avian prolactins (PRL) on rat Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation. Various turkey and chicken PRL preparations stimulated the proliferation of rat Nb2 cells. The ability of avian PRL preparations to influence the behavior of rat Nb2 lymphoma cells provides a useful method for monitoring the PRL-like actions of native and recombinant avian PRL and suggests a potential role of PRL in modulating the avian immune system. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SOARES, MJ (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 22208] NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 197 IS 4 BP 384 EP 386 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GD338 UT WOS:A1991GD33800005 PM 1871148 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, AC ELSASSER, TH OLSON, TA AF HAMMOND, AC ELSASSER, TH OLSON, TA TI ENDOCRINE CHARACTERISTICS OF A MINIATURE CONDITION IN BRAHMAN CATTLE - CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME GROWTH-RELATED HORMONES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LARON-TYPE DWARFISM; BINDING-PROTEIN; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SOMATOMEDIN-C; BEEF-CATTLE; IGF-I; RECEPTOR; ABSENCE; CALVES; DIET AB Four miniature Brahman calves born in 1988 and 1989, along with four contemporary sex-matched Brahman control calves, were used in experiments to determine circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine, and plasma glucose response to insulin challenge. The effect of plane of nutrition on plasma concentrations of IGF-I and insulin was also determined and a clinical screen of blood chemistries was conducted to determine effects of calf type. Plasma IGF-I was six times higher in control calves compared with miniature calves (209.0 vs 35.0 ng/ml; P = 0.001). However, miniature calves had mean plasma GH about six times higher (37.8 vs 6.2 ng/ml; P = 0.004) and had twice as many secretory episodes (9 vs 4.5; P = 0.005) over an 8-hr sampling period. Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (2.54 vs 1.80 ng/ml) and thyroxine (88.8 vs 56.2 ng/ml) were higher in control compared with miniature calves (P = 0.001), but concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in both calf types were within normal ranges. Although miniature calves displayed similar plasma glucose concentrations to controls, hypoglycemic response to insulin challenge tended to be greater in miniature calves. Nutritional regulation of circulating IGF-I appeared to be intact in miniature as well as control calves, as evidenced by a reduction in plasma IGF-I concentration following a decrease in plane of nutrition, and a subsequent increase in plasma IGF-I concentration following realimentation. Serum urea nitrogen was lower (P = 0.02) in control compared with miniature calves. These data describe a miniature condition in Brahman cattle that is manifested by apparently normal proportioned growth but small stature, and that is associated most notably with abnormally low circulating concentrations of IGF-I in the presence of paradoxically high circulating concentrations of GH. This condition appears to be similar to Laron dwarfism in humans, in which the low IGF-I is caused by an abnormality in the GH receptor. C1 RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP HAMMOND, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 197 IS 4 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GD338 UT WOS:A1991GD33800016 PM 1871156 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A JUDD, JT AF FERRETTI, A JUDD, JT TI PGE1 COMPARED TO PGE2/PGF2-ALPHA RATIO AS A MARKER FOR SEMINAL FLUID CONTAMINATION OF URINE IN STUDIES OF RENAL PROSTAGLANDIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; NORMAL VALUES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; EXCRETION; INGESTION; SODIUM; MEN AB Occasional and unpredictable seminal plasma leakage (SPL) into the urinary system severely limits the usefulness of primary prostaglandin (PG) excretion rates as markers of renal synthesis in male subjects. Although reports to this effect appeared first some 10 years ago, no specific study has been done to define the magnitude of the problem, while several investigators persisted in the use of primary PG excretion rates, disregarding SPL as a confounding factor. We conducted a systematic study with a group of 5 healthy adult subjects who collected 24-h urine with an average frequency of one collection every other week for a total of 20 weeks. 35% of the urine collected contained seminal plasma. It is imperative to be able to disqualify compromised urine specimens in biological studies. With this objective in mind, we developed a method to identify contaminated samples based on the presence of PGE1. This is a major prostanoid in seminal plasma but is normally absent in 'clean' urine. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD SEP PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0952-3278(91)90143-S PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GE087 UT WOS:A1991GE08700007 PM 1946561 ER PT J AU LECLERE, FB AF LECLERE, FB TI THE EFFECTS OF METROPOLITAN RESIDENCE ON THE OFF-FARM EARNINGS OF FARM FAMILIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL LAND PRESERVATION; LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS; CONFLICTS; MARKET; MEN RP LECLERE, FB (reprint author), USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 366 EP 390 PG 25 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA GU047 UT WOS:A1991GU04700002 ER PT J AU FUGUITT, GV BEALE, CL REIBEL, M AF FUGUITT, GV BEALE, CL REIBEL, M TI RECENT TRENDS IN METROPOLITAN-NONMETROPOLITAN FERTILITY SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DIFFERENTIALS C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP FUGUITT, GV (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT RURAL SOCIOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 475 EP 486 PG 12 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA GU047 UT WOS:A1991GU04700007 ER PT J AU MALATY, HM GRAHAM, DY KLEIN, PD EVANS, DG ADAM, E EVANS, DJ AF MALATY, HM GRAHAM, DY KLEIN, PD EVANS, DG ADAM, E EVANS, DJ TI TRANSMISSION OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION - STUDIES IN FAMILIES OF HEALTHY-INDIVIDUALS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; CLUSTERING; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; TRANSMISSION ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; C-PYLORI; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Helicobacter pylori is accepted as the commonest cause of type-B gastritis. Detailed information about the mode of transmission remains scanty. We investigated the frequency of H. pylori infection within families, defined as consisting of a husband and wife with at least one biologic child, all living in the same household. Inclusion criteria required that both the parents and the children had been born in the United States, had used no antibiotic or bismuth for the previous 2 months, had no recent major illness or surgical operation, and had no symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract. H. pylori infection was identified with a C-13-urea breath test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-H. pylori IgG. Forty-one families (151 healthy individuals) were enrolled. Before the results of the H. pylori tests were known, one parent was selected as the index subject. H. pylori infection clustered; that is, 68% of spouses of H. pylori-infected index subjects were also H. pylori-infected, compared with 9% of spouses of H. pylori-negative index subjects (p < 0.0001). The children of infected index parents were also more likely to be infected than children of uninfected index parents - 40% versus 3%, respectively (p < 0.0001) - and the results in the children were independent of whether the father or the mother was the index subject. Clustering of H. pylori infection within families suggests person-to-person transmission or common source exposure. The high frequency of H. pylori infection in spouses suggests that genetic factors are less important than living conditions for transmission of H. pylori infection. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR IIID,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX. USDA ARS,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00350]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 21 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5521 J9 SCAND J GASTROENTERO JI Scand. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 26 IS 9 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.3109/00365529108996244 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GD507 UT WOS:A1991GD50700005 PM 1947784 ER PT J AU OHYAMA, T HARPER, JE AF OHYAMA, T HARPER, JE TI EFFECTS OF SHOOT REMOVAL ON N-2 FIXATION AND ASSIMILATION IN NODULATION MUTANT AND WILD-TYPE SOYBEAN SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CARBOHYDRATE DISTRIBUTION; N-15(2) FIXATION; NODULATION MUTANT; SHOOT REMOVAL; SOYBEAN AB The effects of a decapitation (shoot removal) treatment on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) N2 fixation, transport and assimilation were determined in a partially nitrate-tolerant nodulation mutant line (NOD1-3) and the parent (Williams) using a N-15 tracer technique. The root systems of intact plants were exposed to N-15(2) and the shoots from half of the plants were removed 1 h after the onset of N-15(2) exposure. Decapitated and intact plants were harvested at 2 h after decapitation. N2 fixation activity was markedly depressed by the decapitation treatment and the amount of fixed N-15 in soluble and insoluble N in the nodules was decreased. Simultaneously, the concentration of amino-N, ureide-N, and soluble carbohydrate in the nodules also declined following shoot removal. Although the NOD1-3 line fixed N2 more actively than Williams, the response to decapitation was very similar in the two lines. From the results obtained it is suggested that the rapid decline in N2 fixation following decapitation was primarily due to the interruption of the carbohydrate supply from shoot. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP OHYAMA, T (reprint author), NIIGATA UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,NIIGATA 95021,JAPAN. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 3 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA GP337 UT WOS:A1991GP33700011 ER PT J AU AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW MOSIER, AR AF AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW MOSIER, AR TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF 4 METHODS FOR MEASURING DENITRIFICATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS NITROGEN LOSSES; ACETYLENE-INHIBITION; SOIL CORE; OXIDE; N-15; DINITROGEN; RATES AB Reliable and direct monitoring of in situ denitrification N loss will aid understanding of the N cycle and development of efficient agricultural management systems. The objective of this research was to evaluate four approaches for measuring denitrification in the field. A method using coated CaC2 as a source of acetylene (C2H2) to block N2O reduction was compared with two existing C2H2 methods and a N-15 method. Use of CaC2 granules in soil around gas-measuring chambers produced soil atmospheric C2H2 concentrations comparable to those observed with continuous C2H2 flow through diffusion tubes, which were sufficient to inhibit N2O reduction for a 48-h period. Acetylene concentrations in the soil atmosphere exceeded 1.0 mL L-1 and completely inhibited the reduction of N2O to N2, giving N2O-N recoveries of 105 +/- 7% of total denitrification. Daily denitrification rates (two gas samplings each day) and total N emissions over 4 d were comparable for N-15 chamber, C2H2-inhibition chamber, and CaC2-C2H2-inhibition chamber methods but were five-to sevenfold higher for the C2H2 inhibition method using intact soil cores. Where N-gas flux was measured four times daily in chambers and intact soil cores, denitrification rates were associated with daily changes in soil temperature and decreases in soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) in chamber soils due to evaporation/percolation. Either of three chamber methods may be used for measuring field denitrification, provided daily variation in gas-N flux is considered in choosing sampling times. To avoid overestimation of denitrification using the acetylene-inhibition soil-core method, fresh intact soil cores should be taken daily to simulate field soil physical conditions, especially soil WFPS. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. PUNJAB AGR UNIV,DEPT SOILS,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1332 EP 1338 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GL876 UT WOS:A1991GL87600023 ER PT J AU BELL, PF CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS AF BELL, PF CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS TI DETERMINATION OF THE COPPER-2+ ACTIVITY REQUIRED BY MAIZE USING CHELATOR-BUFFERED NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-PLANTS; IRON; CORN AB Hydroponics is a useful method to study micronutrient deficiencies in plants. Problems in using this method to study Cu deficiencies are: (i) control of Cu supply to induce any degree of deficiency is difficult, (ii) purification of reagents is required to induce severe deficiency; and (iii) when chelators are added to induce Cu deficiency, the chelators may inactivate Fe, making Fe unavailable to plants. Mild to severe Cu deficiencies were induced in maize (Zea mays L.) without the purification of reagents using chelators HEDTA [N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetate] with and without BPDS (4, 7- diphenyl- 1, 10- phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid) to bind and inactivate Cu. GEOCHEM-PC was used to calculate the quantity of free and chelate-bound Cu. A wide range in leaf and root Cu concentrations was observed from plants grown in HEDTA solutions with calculated solution Cu2+ activities of 10(-15.4) to 10(-12.4) M. The calculated Cu2+ activity associated with a 20% reduction in yield was 10(-14.5) M (control plants yielded 15 g dry matter at 18 d). Solutions containing HEDTA with BPDS and the lowering of nutrient-solution Ca concentrations were evaluated as means of inducing severe Cu deficiency. Maize grown in BPDS-added solutions were severely stunted regardless of Ca treatment, and had significantly lower shoot Cu, Mn, and Fe concentrations than those found in other treatments. Results indicated Cu availability to maize was controlled by Cu2+ and not Cu+ activity. HEDTA, especially in combination with BPDS, can effectively induce Cu deficiency and supply adequate Fe to maize. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP BELL, PF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1366 EP 1374 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GL876 UT WOS:A1991GL87600028 ER PT J AU KASPAR, TC BROWN, HJ KASSMEYER, EM AF KASPAR, TC BROWN, HJ KASSMEYER, EM TI CORN ROOT DISTRIBUTION AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE, WHEEL TRAFFIC, AND FERTILIZER PLACEMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Information concerning early-season corn (Zea mays L.) root distribution is needed so that fertilizer can be positioned to maximize root interception. The objective of this study was to examine corn root distribution as affected by tillage system, wheel traffic, and fertilizer placement. The study site was near Marshalltown, IA, on two silty clay loams, a Muscatine (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) and a Tama (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Arguidoll). Three tillage systems (no-till, ridge-till, and chisel plow) with controlled traffic and two fertilizer-placement treatments (in-row and midpoint of the 76-cm interrow) were investigated. Root length, root weight, and root weight/length ratio were determined between 36 and 40 d after planting from 10-cm-diam. Soil core samples taken in rows and in interrow centers to a depth of 30 cm. Wheel-traffic compaction and fertilizer placement altered corn root distribution, regardless of tillage system. The upper 15 cm of interrows with wheel-traffic compaction had less than one-half the root length (1.27 km m-3) and root weight (19 g m-3) of untracked interrows (3.88 km m-3 and 49 g m-3, respectively). Root length and weight increased and root weight/length ratio decreased in either interrow or row positions when fertilizer was placed there. Placing fertilizer in an untracked interrow increased root length from 2.57 to 5.20 km m-3. Tillage system affected only root growth in untracked interrows. Because root growth in wheel tracks is restricted, fertilizer-use efficiency might be improved by not placing fertilizer in wheel tracks. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. GARST SEED CO,WATERLOO,IA 50701. RP KASPAR, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1390 EP 1394 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GL876 UT WOS:A1991GL87600031 ER PT J AU LEHRSCH, GA SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL JOLLEY, PM AF LEHRSCH, GA SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL JOLLEY, PM TI FREEZING EFFECTS ON AGGREGATE STABILITY AFFECTED BY TEXTURE, MINERALOGY, AND ORGANIC-MATTER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL STABILITY; SOIL; COHESION; CYCLES AB Aggregate stability, an important property influencing a soil's response to erosive forces, is affected by freezing. The objectives of this laboratory study were to determine how constrainment, number of freeze-thaw cycles, and water content at freezing affect the aggregate stability of six continental USA soils differing in texture, mineralogy, and organic-matter content. Moist aggregates, after being frozen and thawed either zero, one, three, or five times, were vapor wetted to 0.30 kg kg-1 and analyzed by wet sieving. Soils with clay contents of 17% or more and organic-matter contents > 3% were the most stable after freezing. Aggregate stability for fine- and medium-textured soils generally decreased linearly with increasing water content at freezing. This linear decrease in stability was more rapid for constrained samples than for unconstrained samples. The stability of field-moist aggregates generally increased from zero to one or three freeze-thaw cycles. For at least one low-organic-matter soil, stability increased from one to three freeze-thaw cycles, but then decreased at five cycles. After thawing, aggregates at water contents of 0.15 kg kg-1 or more that were constrained when frozen were always significantly less stable than aggregates that were unconstrained when frozen. RP LEHRSCH, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 24 TC 81 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1406 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GL876 UT WOS:A1991GL87600033 ER PT J AU ZABOWSKI, D SLETTEN, RS AF ZABOWSKI, D SLETTEN, RS TI CARBON-DIOXIDE DEGASSING EFFECTS ON THE PH OF SPODOSOL SOIL SOLUTIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE ORGANICS; FOREST; WASHINGTON; CASCADES; PODZOL; ERRORS; AIR AB High levels of CO2 in soil air can influence the composition of the soil solution according to carbonate equilibrium relationships. Carbon dioxide can lower soil solution pH by reacting with water to form aqueous carbonic acid (H2CO3*; the asterisk denotes hydrated carbon dioxide plus carbonic acid). Measurements of soil CO2 from a subalpine Spodosol showed concentrations as high as 12 000-mu-L L-1 (1.2%). Standard methods used to collect soil solutions can degas CO2 from soil solutions, resulting in elevated solution pH or decreased dissolved inorganic C (DIC). The objectives of this study were to determine whether degassing affected solution pH when solutions were collected from an acidic soil using two different techniques. Both collection methods, low-tension lysimetry and centrifugation with double-bottomed cups, were found to cause degassing of CO2 from soil solutions; however, pH was affected only in solutions from the lower B horizon and C horizon. The pH of the solutions from the upper horizons was not affected because high concentrations of soluble organic acids maintain these solutions at a pH < 4.5. Carbonate equilibrium relationships suggest that the effect of CO2 degassing on soil solution pH should be negligible for forest soils with a solution pH < 4.5 with soil-air CO2 concentrations up to 6000-mu-L L-1. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP ZABOWSKI, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1456 EP 1461 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GL876 UT WOS:A1991GL87600043 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA BARAK, P NATER, EA DOWDY, RH AF LAIRD, DA BARAK, P NATER, EA DOWDY, RH TI CHEMISTRY OF SMECTITIC AND ILLITIC PHASES IN INTERSTRATIFIED SOIL SMECTITE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CHARGE BEIDELLITE; NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE; CLAY AB The objective of this investigation was to determine the elemental composition and mineralogy of the smectitic and illitic phases in interstratified smectite-illite from a typical upper Midwestern agricultural soil. A sample of soil clay ( < 2-mu-m fraction) from the Ap horizon of a Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) pedon was fractionated by centrifugation to prepare various fine-clay (< 0.020-, < 0.026-, < 0.036-, < 0.045-, < 0.060-, and < 0.090-mu-m size fractions) samples. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that interstratified smectite-illite was the only mineral present in significant quantities in the fine-clay samples. Elemental analyses of the fine-clay samples were performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy using suspension nebulization. The elemental analyses revealed significant linear correlations for the K vs. other element relationships (P < 0.001 for K vs. Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Zn, and P < 0.01 for K vs. Mg). A nonlinear parameter optimization technique, based on elemental mass balance, was used to estimate the elemental compositions and proportions of the smectitic (K-free) and illitic (K-bearing) phases in the fine-clay samples. The results for the elemental mass balance optimization were independently verified by water mass balance. The smectitic phase was a high-charge (0.482 per formula unit), Fe-rich montmorillonite (46.6% tetrahedral charge). The illitic phase consisted of dioctahedral, tetrahedrally charged (86.9% tetrahedral charge) elementary illite particles. Layer charge for the illitic phase was 0.473 per formula unit, which is substantially below the lower limit for classification of illite. The interstratified smectite-illite comprised at least 60% of the whole (< 2-mu-m fraction) soil clay and the illitic phase comprised at least 36% of the interstratified smectite-illite. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,SOIL SCI & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LAIRD, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1499 EP 1504 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GL876 UT WOS:A1991GL87600050 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, DE AF HENDRICKS, DE TI MORTALITY OF TOBACCO BUDWORM AND BOLLWORM PUPAE CAUSED BY INUNDATION OF DELTA REGION ALLUVIAL SOILS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HELICOVERPA-PUNCTIGERA WALLENGREN; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH EMERGENCE; NOCTUIDAE; SURVIVAL AB Flooding indigenous soils in which larvae of field-collected bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), had pupated caused 100% mortality after five and four days, respectively. Time required for 50% (LT50) mortality of the bollworms was 62 hours, and LT50 for tobacco budworms was 50 hours. Larvae were collected from cultivated hosts (cotton and corn) or from native wild plant hosts, and soil was collected from the same locations. Alluvial loam soils used for these tests were types typically found in cotton-growing regions of the Mississippi and Rio Grande River deltas. Last stage (pre-pupae) larvae placed on dry soil in 1-litre glass jars were allowed four days to pupate after burrowing into the soil. The soil was then saturated by filling the jars with water. After continuous inundation for treatment periods ranging from 1 to 10 days, pupae were removed from the flooded soil, held in moist Vermiculite(R) and allowed time to emerge as moths, and percentage mortality was determined. RP HENDRICKS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM748 UT WOS:A1991GM74800001 ER PT J AU HUNTER, JS FINCHER, GT LANCASTER, JL AF HUNTER, JS FINCHER, GT LANCASTER, JL TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ONTHOPHAGUS-MEDORENSIS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SCARABAEIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Adults of the dung beetle, Onthophagus medorensis Brown, construct brood cells of cattle dung 3-22 cm below the soil surface. Brood cells average 15.5 mm in length and 9.7 mm in diameter. Female beetles deposit a single egg in the egg chamber of each brood cell. Egg sizes range from 1.8 to 2.1 mm in length and from 0.8 to 1.0 mm in diameter. Embryogenesis averaged 3.7 days, larval development (three instars) about 27 days, and pupal development 11.4 days at 22-27-degrees-C. This species overwinters as adults or third-stage larvae in the northern range of distribution and as adults in the southern range. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM748 UT WOS:A1991GM74800005 ER PT J AU BARTLETT, AC DELFOSSE, FE AF BARTLETT, AC DELFOSSE, FE TI THE PACHYTENE KARYOTYPE OF THE PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES; BOMBYX-MORI; FEMALES AB The pachytene karyotypes of the female pink bollworm, as determined by three-dimensional reconstruction, and of the male pink bollworm, as determined by a spreading technique, are similar and consist of thirty bivalents. In the male and female karyotypes there is one heterochromatin knob and one nucleolar-organizing chromosome. No heteromorphic bivalent was found in the female karyotype even though sex-linked markers are inherited in a manner suggesting that the male is homogametic and the female is heterogametic. RP BARTLETT, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM748 UT WOS:A1991GM74800007 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, DE CALCOTE, VR AF HENDRICKS, DE CALCOTE, VR TI PERFORMANCE OF 2 DESIGNS AND COLOR COMBINATIONS OF TRAPS BAITED WITH SEX-PHEROMONE FOR MONITORING HICKORY SHUCKWORM MOTHS IN PECAN ORCHARDS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Field experiments were conducted in pecan orchards to compare the relative performance of two designs and colors of traps baited with pheromone for monitoring hickory shuckworm moths. Capture of male shuckworm moths, Cydia caryana (Fitch), in traps was used as a measure of trap effectiveness. Results showed that plastic unitraps (made of green tops, yellow funnels and white buckets) and white wing traps (with a sticky inside bottom surface) caught similar numbers of moths and both caught significantly more than plastic unitraps made with all parts green. Also the frequency at which the sticky wing traps and the green-yellow-white unitraps caught at least one moth was substantially higher than that for the all green unitraps. Multicolored unitraps can be used successfully to monitor occurrence of male hickory shuckworm moths in pecan orchards with reliability comparable to that of the sticky wing traps. RP HENDRICKS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM748 UT WOS:A1991GM74800008 ER PT J AU HINSCH, RT VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS HOFFMANN, DF AF HINSCH, RT VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS HOFFMANN, DF TI LIVE INSECTS AND OTHER ARTHROPODS ON CALIFORNIA ICEBERG HEAD AND SHREDDED LETTUCE SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GREEN PEACH APHID; VACUUM FUMIGATION; ETHYL FORMATE; HOMOPTERA AB A study was conducted to determine the presence and extent of live insects in naked-packed, wrapped-packed, and processed lettuce from four growing areas. Naked-packed lettuce ranged from 3.2 to 8.9 live insects per kilogram in these growing areas, while wrapped-packed lettuce and processed lettuce ranged from 3.4 to 4.7 and 0.0 to 1.7 live insects per kilogram, respectively. More insects were found on naked-packed and wrapped-packed lettuce grown during the spring and fall seasons in the San Joaquin Valley than during the summer months in the coast area. Most of the insects found were aphids and thrips regardless of pack or process. Specimens represented 12 orders and over 22 families of arthropods. RP HINSCH, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GM748 UT WOS:A1991GM74800011 ER PT J AU GAGE, EV HATFIELD, LD WOLFENBARGER, DA AF GAGE, EV HATFIELD, LD WOLFENBARGER, DA TI THE TOBACCO BUDWORM AND BOLLWORM IN COTTON IN THE MIDSOUTH, SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND MEXICO - RESPONSE TO PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES - INTRODUCTION SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE; CALIFORNIA C1 FMC CORP,JACKSON,MS 39211. USDA ARS,SARL,SCIRU,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP GAGE, EV (reprint author), FMC CORP,POB 380622,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78280, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 SU 15 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN402 UT WOS:A1991GN40200001 ER PT J AU ELZEN, GW AF ELZEN, GW TI PYRETHROID RESISTANCE AND CARBAMATE TOLERANCE IN A FIELD POPULATION OF TOBACCO BUDWORM IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDES; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae were collected in 1989 from a cotton field in the Mississippi Delta in which pyrethroid insecticides failed to provide control. Testing with a residual plant bioassay indicated high levels of resistance to two synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and possible tolerance to a carbamate insecticide. A similar bioassay of eggs from the field collected moths indicated reduced susceptibility to carbamates and pyrethroids. The adult vial test method for monitoring resistance appeared to confirm pyrethroid resistance. These data are compared to previous results with known resistant tobacco budworms. The larvae in the present study appear to be much more resistant to synthetic pyrethroids than those collected in 1986. RP ELZEN, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 SU 15 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN402 UT WOS:A1991GN40200003 ER PT J AU FIRKO, MJ HAYES, JL AF FIRKO, MJ HAYES, JL TI RESPONSES OF TOBACCO BUDWORM LARVAE TO CYPERMETHRIN - EXAMINATION OF OBSERVATION TIMES AND DEATH CRITERIA SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS F; NOCTUIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; PERMETHRIN; RESISTANCE; METABOLISM AB Tobacco budworm larvae from four strains killed by topically applied cypermethrin died slowly regardless of larval weight and at all tested doses. In one set of experiments, third instars (15-25 mg) were treated with a range of doses (0.004-1060.0 ug per larva, depending on strain) and classified as dead, moribund, or alive, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. Because the ultimate response of many larvae could not be determined even after 96 h, each larva was again observed 192-288 h (8-12 days) after treatment when all larvae were either clearly dead or alive. Whether moribund larvae were included with dead or live larvae significantly affected LD50 estimates. For example, using the 96 h mortality observation, estimated LD50 was 167 ug per larvae when moribund larvae were considered dead and 1,682 ug per larva when they were considered alive. The effect was largest for earlier observation times and more tolerant strains. Of larvae classified as moribund, about one-third ultimately recovered and two-thirds died. In another set of experiments, 173 third instars (9.4-36.1 mg) were treated with 1.0 ug cypermethrin. Although survival after 24, 48, and 72 h was 100, 97.7, and 88.4 % respectively, all died from cypermethrin treatment. Even at high doses (e.g., LD90), the ultimate fate of most larvae could not be predicted accurately until at least 4-5 days after treatment. For larvae (9.0-175.4 mg, n = 241) treated with 0.1 ug cypermethrin (about LD50), observations 120 h after treatment which specified larval activity provided the best predictor of ultimate fate. Thus, when larval toxicity studies are used to estimate long-term population response, mortality estimates should be made at least 72 h after treatment. C1 USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP FIRKO, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 SU 15 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN402 UT WOS:A1991GN40200010 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, LD WOLFENBARGER, DA GAGE, EV AF HATFIELD, LD WOLFENBARGER, DA GAGE, EV TI THE TOBACCO BUDWORM AND BOLLWORM IN COTTON IN THE MIDSOUTH, SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND MEXICO - RESPONSE TO PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 FMC CORP,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78280. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SCIRU,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP HATFIELD, LD (reprint author), FMC CORP,1563 E COUNTY LINE RD,JACKSON,MS 39211, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 SU 15 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN402 UT WOS:A1991GN40200017 ER PT J AU WOLFENBARGER, DA GAGE, EV HATFIELD, LD PHILLIPS, RL AF WOLFENBARGER, DA GAGE, EV HATFIELD, LD PHILLIPS, RL TI COMPARISON OF CONTROL IN THE FIELD AND ADULT VIAL BIOASSAYS OF TOBACCO BUDWORM WITH CYPERMETHRIN SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB In the Brazos Valley, TX, during 1988-1989, sprays of cypermethrin applied to cotton at rates of 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08 lb (a.i.)/A reduced the number of flower buds infested and damaged by larvae of the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) by > 89%, compared to the untreated check. To achieve this level of control, sprays were applied to egg and/or neonate larvae. Egg populations were reduced 50 to 80% in the treated plots within 2 to 4 days following 17 of the 19 applications during the 2 years of testing. In another test, 51% of tobacco budworm moths were killed within 24h following a spray application in the field. LC50 values of the tobacco budworm ranged from 0.2 to 50.1 micrograms/vial using the adult vial bioassay technique. Neither these values nor the percentage of tobacco budworm moths that survived for 24h after a spray treatment was indicative of the level of reduction of larvae infested flower buds in plots sprayed at the lowest rate, 0.06 lb (a.i.)/A. The reduction of infested flower buds of bollworm and/or tobacco budworm in treated fields ranged from 61% to 100% following a vial bioassay. C1 FMC CORP,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78280. FMC CORP,JACKSON,MS 39211. RP WOLFENBARGER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SCIRU,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 SU 15 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN402 UT WOS:A1991GN40200020 ER PT J AU WOLFENBARGER, DA GAGE, EV HATFIELD, LD AF WOLFENBARGER, DA GAGE, EV HATFIELD, LD TI THE TOBACCO BUDWORM AND BOLLWORM IN COTTON IN THE MIDSOUTH, SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND MEXICO - RESPONSE TO PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES SUMMARY OF FIELD STUDIES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 FMC CORP,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78280. FMC CORP,JACKSON,MS 39211. RP WOLFENBARGER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SCIRU,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1991 SU 15 BP 213 EP 215 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN402 UT WOS:A1991GN40200023 ER PT J AU FRYXELL, PA REYNA, JV VILLARREAL, JA AF FRYXELL, PA REYNA, JV VILLARREAL, JA TI A NEW SPECIES OF SPHAERALCEA (MALVACEAE) FROM COAHUILA, MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP FRYXELL, PA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA,AGRON FIELD LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 358 EP 360 DI 10.2307/3671691 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GL505 UT WOS:A1991GL50500015 ER PT J AU STOKES, BJ WATSON, WF AF STOKES, BJ WATSON, WF TI WOOD RECOVERY WITH IN-WOODS FLAILING AND CHIPPING SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The pulp-chip recovery efficiencies of tree-length, in-woods flail delimbing and debarking with chipping, and whole-tree harvesting methods for slash pine plantations were compared in this paper. The in-woods flail-and-chip method recovered more than 64% of the whole-tree biomass, harvesting and transporting "whole trees" to mill recovered 62.3% of the total tree biomass, and the tree-length option recovered 61.5% of the biomass as acceptable chips. The authors completed field studies to measure the wood-chip recoveries for given amounts of biomass for each harvesting system. Mill recovery efficiencies were based on averages for the southern United States. Wood products were determined for a representative stand as a percent of predicted stand biomass and as weight units per area for the three harvesting operations. The analysis was based on preliminary data and averages, thus more detailed information is needed to draw definitive conclusions. The authors note, however, that wood flow from the stump to the digester can differ significantly among harvesting methods. Harvesters should consider these differences, as well as the advantages of each method, when choosing which to use. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP STOKES, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 74 IS 9 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA GD514 UT WOS:A1991GD51400009 ER PT J AU BEL, PD SIMPSON, CL COLUMBUS, EP VINYARD, B AF BEL, PD SIMPSON, CL COLUMBUS, EP VINYARD, B TI EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL CLEANING ON COTTON FIBERS .2. COMBINATIONS OF GIN AND MILL CLEANING FIBER QUALITY SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Four different levels of lint cleaning in the gin were applied to smooth-leaf and hairy-leaf cottons. Nine different mill cleaning sequences were applied to each level of gin cleaning, resulting in a total of thirty-six different combinations of gin/mill cleanings for each variety. This study suggests lint cleaners should be used only as a step in the cleaning process, and most cleaning should be done in the mill. Such a shift from conventional processing could significantly improve the quality of cotton and reduce the short fiber content. Mills would benefit by having better quality yarns and higher processing efficiency, especially in spinning. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29631. USDA ARS,COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP BEL, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 61 IS 9 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1177/004051759106100902 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA GE224 UT WOS:A1991GE22400002 ER PT J AU MANOR, G CLARK, RL RADCLIFFE, DE LANGDALE, GW AF MANOR, G CLARK, RL RADCLIFFE, DE LANGDALE, GW TI SOIL CONE INDEX VARIABILITY UNDER FIXED TRAFFIC TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; PENETROMETERS; SOIL CONE INDEX ID COMPACTION AB Cone index measurements of experimental field plots after eight years of three constant traffic-tillage systems showed low variability in soil zones unaffected by tillage or traffic. There were significant differences in cone index in soil zones directly affected by tillage and traffic. The results support the concept that much of the variability in cone index under field conditions is caused by tillage and traffic as opposed to soil heterogeneity. The results imply that by taking closely spaced samples, and having a knowledge of how cone index relates to traffic and tillage, the previous traffic-tillage history of a soil can be assessed. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,ARS,SPCRC,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP MANOR, G (reprint author), TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT AGR ENGN,HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1952 EP 1956 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800004 ER PT J AU WILKINS, DE KRAFT, JM KLEPPER, BL AF WILKINS, DE KRAFT, JM KLEPPER, BL TI INFLUENCE OF PLANT SPACING ON PEA YIELD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE VEGETABLES; SEEDERS; SPACING; EMERGENCE; YIELDS; PLANTERS; SINGULATION AB Field experiments were conducted for two years in northeastern Oregon on silt loam soil to evaluate the effect of two seed metering mechanisms on within-row plant spacing and the effect of plant spacing uniformity on yield of two varieties of green peas ('Bolero' and 'Stampede') which differ in canopy architecture. Plant spacing and fresh pea yield measurements were made on over 2,400 plants. A spacing uniformity index was developed for evaluating the performance of seeding equipment. An air metering device produced slightly more uniform plant spacing than a fluted wheel metering device. In one year, the variety 'Stampede' produced a yield increase with more uniformity of plant spacing. Yield of 'Bolero' plants was not sensitive to plant spacing uniformity. C1 USDA,ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP WILKINS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1957 EP 1961 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800005 ER PT J AU SHINNERS, KJ KOEGEL, RG PRITZL, PJ LEHMAN, LL AF SHINNERS, KJ KOEGEL, RG PRITZL, PJ LEHMAN, LL TI BAND LUBRICATION TO REDUCE FRICTION LOSS IN FORAGE BLOWERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE BLOWERS; FRICTION; LUBRICATION AB A low friction blower band and water lubrication for reducing the friction loss in forage blowers were investigated. A polyethylene band in a stationary forage blower did not significantly reduce specific energy requirement compared to a conventional steel band. Spray application of water at a rate of 170 L/h on the band of a stationary blower reduced the specific energy requirement by 26%. When gum accumulated on a forage harvester blower band the use of lubricants at low flow rates (57 L/h) reduced the specific energy requirement of the total harvester by 15%. Addition of lubricants when forage moisture did not produce gum accumulation provided no reduction in specific energy. The use of a wetting agent and water lubricant did not result in a significant benefit compared to water alone. Water flow rates as low as 57 L/h prevented gum accumulation. C1 JI CASE CO,E MOLINE,IL. RP SHINNERS, KJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1962 EP 1966 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800006 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL BUSSCHER, WJ HALE, SA DODD, RB STRICKLAND, EE GARNER, TH AF KARLEN, DL BUSSCHER, WJ HALE, SA DODD, RB STRICKLAND, EE GARNER, TH TI DROUGHT CONDITION ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND SUBSOILING EFFECTIVENESS FOR SELECTED DEEP TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; CONSERVATION; IMPLEMENTS; DROUGHT; ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; UNITED-STATES; SOIL STRENGTH; CORN AB Draft requirement, fuel consumption, wheel slip, engine speed, and forward speed were measured for two-row Brown-Harden SuperSeeder, BushHog RoTill, Tye ParaTill, and Kelley (KMC) In-Row Tillage System on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) near Florence, SC. Cone index was measured with a recording penetrometer before and after tilage to evaluate soil disruption patterns. Cone index values before tillage showed that non-disked plots on which corn had been grown the previous year had higher soil resistance at all depths than disked (conventional tillage) plots. The non-disked tillage plots had a lower initial soil water content because winter weeds had depleted soil moisture by evapotranspiration to greater depths than had been depleted by evaporation in the disked plots. Higher soil resistance and lower water content in non-disked tillage plots resulted in a wider pattern of soil disturbance for all implements, except the KMC, when compared to the disked plots; however, volume of soil disturbed was greater in the disked plots because subsoiler penetration was greater. Implement draft, wheel slip, and drawbar power were also significantly greater in non-disked plots. Among implements, there were significant differences (P = 0.05) for all measured parameters except engine speed. This study shows that when water is limited, the primary benefit of disking prior to deep tillage is for weed control. Weed control eliminates transpiration of soil water and thus reduces soil resistance and the energy required for subsequent deep tillage. C1 USDA,ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29501. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,CLEMSON,SC 29631. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1967 EP 1972 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800007 ER PT J AU CARLTON, JB AF CARLTON, JB TI AERIAL SPRAY DEPOSIT ANALYSIS .2. A SPRAY DISPLACEMENT INDEX SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; AERIAL SPRAY; DRIFT ID DRIFT AB An experimental database has been generated over a period of several years documenting that aerial spray sample dosages can greatly exceed theoretically expected levels. Progress in aerial spray deposit analysis depends on identifying the source of this effect. The previously published experimental data containing this information was synthesized and further analyzed. The analysis supported the hypothesis that the excess spray volume collected in the spray samples was due to horizontally displaced spray. A spray displacement index was developed. It expresses the displaced component as multiples of the expected spray deposit dosage. A field application protocol for measuring spray displacement index was delineated. RP CARLTON, JB (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,PEST CONTROL & APPLICAT SYST TECHNOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1985 EP 1988 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800010 ER PT J AU HANSON, GJ AF HANSON, GJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF A JET INDEX TO CHARACTERIZE EROSION RESISTANCE OF SOILS IN EARTHEN SPILLWAYS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPILLWAYS; SOIL ERODIBILITY; JET INDEX ID SURFACE ERODIBILITY; HIGH STRESSES; CHANNELS AB A soil parameter is developed based on concepts from local scour studies of non-cohesive and cohesive soils and the results of a site-specific submerged jet testing device. Submerged jet test results on four soils with a range of physical conditions are analyzed. The submerged jet had a nozzle diameter of 13 mm, and was set at a jet height of 0.22 m prior to testing the soil. The soils were tested over a range of jet velocities at the nozzle of 166 cm/s to 731 cm/s. The results indicate that erosion, expressed as the depth of scour divided by time, in the site-specific submerged jet testing device may be related to the jet velocity, a time function, and a soil parameter (jet index, J(i)). The jet index is intended to provide a common method of expressing erosion resistance, to assist those who work with different soils and soil conditions for measurement and design, and possibly to develop performance and prediction relationships for earthen spillways. RP HANSON, GJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74074, USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2015 EP 2020 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800014 ER PT J AU WORKMAN, SR SKAGGS, RW AF WORKMAN, SR SKAGGS, RW TI EVALUATION OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL PREFLO SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE; MODELING; DRAIN-MOD; VADOSE ZONE ID SIMULATION-MODEL AB PREFLO uses a one-dimensional finite difference solution of the Richards equation to model vertical soil water movement with the added capability of simulating preferential flow on a macroscopic scale. Results presented in this article are a comparison of PREFLO simulations to observed field data excluding preferential flow, a comparison between PREFLO and DRAINMOD, and a sensitivity analysis. Field data, collected in eastern North Carolina during the five-year period 1973-1977, were used to evaluate the model. The field site consisted of three drainage treatments with provisions for subirrigation and controlled drainage. The values of midpoint water table depth as simulated with the PREFLO model agreed well with the field measured values. The average deviation was 13.9 cm. The average deviation between the simulated and measured water table depths for the DRAINMOD model was 14.4 cm. Agreement between the simulated water table depths of the DRAINMOD and PREFLO models was excellent. The sensitivity of the PREFLO model to errors in ten of the input parameters was determined by simulating the performance of a drainage system over three years of climatological record and three drain spacings. Extremes in parameters related to soil water movement and storage [K(h) and theta(h)] caused the greatest errors in the simulations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WORKMAN, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2053 EP 2059 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800019 ER PT J AU ORR, PH SOWOKINOS, JR NELSON, DC THORESON, MC SACKS, JM HOFER, JD JANARDAN, KG AF ORR, PH SOWOKINOS, JR NELSON, DC THORESON, MC SACKS, JM HOFER, JD JANARDAN, KG TI CHIPPING QUALITY AND YIELD OF NORCHIP POTATOES DAMAGED BY SIMULATED HAIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE POTATOES; DAMAGE; SIMULATION; CHIPPING QUALITY; YIELD AB 'Norchip' potato plants were subjected to simulated hail damage in a two-factor experimental design. The factors were degree of damage and time of damage in weeks post emergence. Hail was simulated by striking plants with lead spheres tethered to a hand-held rotating shaft. Losses due to simulated hail damage were assessed as quality loss, as measured by pre-harvest sugar concentration and post-harvest chip color, as yield loss, and as specific gravity loss. The experiment was replicated for four years. The results suggest that, in general, hail damage had little influence on chip color but could reduce yield to 64% of control by causing both reduced tuber weight and lower tuber number. Average specific gravity (an important quality attribute of chip potatoes) also fell from 1.096 to 1.085. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,GRAND FORKS,ND. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & FORESTRY,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,MWA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT STAT,YPSILANTI,MI 48197. RP ORR, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2085 EP 2090 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800024 ER PT J AU LAWRENCE, KC NELSON, SO KRASZEWSKI, AW AF LAWRENCE, KC NELSON, SO KRASZEWSKI, AW TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MODEL FOR THE DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT OF SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; WHEAT ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN; SOYBEANS AB A temperature correction factor that permits the dielectric constant of soft red winter wheat at any temperature from 0-degrees to 50-degrees-C to be calculated from the dielectric constant at 24-degrees-C was developed. Values calculated with the empirical model had a mean error of 0.10%, a standard deviation of 3.15%, and are valid in the frequency range from 1 to 110 MHz at moisture contents ranging from 8 to 24%, wet basis. RP LAWRENCE, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2091 EP 2093 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800025 ER PT J AU GATES, RS USRY, JL NIENABER, JA TURNER, LW BRIDGES, TC AF GATES, RS USRY, JL NIENABER, JA TURNER, LW BRIDGES, TC TI AN OPTIMAL MISTING METHOD FOR COOLING LIVESTOCK HOUSING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT; COOLING; EVAPORATIVE COOLING; SWINE HOUSING; LIVESTOCK HOUSING ID HEAT-PRODUCTION AB A method to analyze the operation of misting systems to cool livestock housing by minimizing interior Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) is presented. The procedure is shown to be similar to the analysis for evaporative pad cooling, except that interior maximum relative humidity is specified instead of pad efficiency. The minimization of THI is shown to be equivalent to the minimization of interior dry-bulb temperature. If interior heat and moisture loads are neglected, the interior state point can be found at an intersection of outside wet-bulb temperature and inside maximum relative humidity; implications of neglecting these loads are quantified. Comparisons between no cooling, pad cooling, and misting are made to the resultant interior dry-bulb temperature, and to the Gain Reduction Factor (Morrison et al., 1968), for the simplified assumptions of no internal heat loads. The misting system is shown to compare favorably with evaporative pad cooling. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. HEARTLAND LYSINE INC,CHICAGO,IL. RP GATES, RS (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40506, USA. RI Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2199 EP 2206 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800042 ER PT J AU THANGAVADIVELU, S COLVIN, TS AF THANGAVADIVELU, S COLVIN, TS TI TRAFFICABILITY DETERMINATION USING FUZZY SET-THEORY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TRAFFICABILITY; FUZZY LOGIC; FUZZY SET THEORY AB For many crop-production operations involving field machinery, the decision regarding whether or not to carry out the operation is largely influenced by the trafficability of the field. The prevalent approach in simulation models employs binary set theory to classify days in the operation window as workable or unworkable based on trafficability. Such a classification is inadequate from the management point of view because it does not consider the relative contributions of the factors leading to the decision on trafficability. An alternative approach that determines field trafficability by using fuzzy set theory is suggested in this article. The criteria used for trafficability determination were modeled as fuzzy sets to account for their relative contributions and the moments method was used to defuzzify the pooled contribution. Weather data from different periods in four years were used to compare the results of this approach with those of an existing model. The number of trafficable days predicted by the fuzzy set approach were closer to the observed number of trafficable days. RP THANGAVADIVELU, S (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2272 EP 2278 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HB958 UT WOS:A1991HB95800050 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, S AF MCCORMICK, S TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MALE GAMETOGENESIS IN PLANTS SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Review ID GENE-EXPRESSION; POLLEN; TOMATO; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; FAMILY AB Reproduction in plants rivals the complexity of the process in animals. Recently, several genes that are expressed at specific stages during male gametogenesis have been cloned. These anther-specific genes are providing tools with which to study the cis- and trans-acting factors that regulate gene expression during pollen formation. Sequence analysis of the coding regions of some of these abundantly expressed anther genes is providing unexpected insights into the cell-cell interactions occurring during gamete formation and fertilization. RP MCCORMICK, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 38 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 7 IS 9 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0168-9525(91)90179-T PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GC013 UT WOS:A1991GC01300006 PM 1763428 ER PT J AU FAHEY, TD WILLITS, SA AF FAHEY, TD WILLITS, SA TI VENEER RECOVERY OF DOUGLAS-FIR FROM THE COAST AND CASCADE RANGES OF OREGON AND WASHINGTON SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE DOUGLAS-FIR; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; VENEER RECOVERY; PLYWOOD; PLYWOOD YIELD; OREGON; WASHINGTON AB This report summarizes the results of veneer recovery studies at a plywood plant in Oregon and one in Washington. Both mills peeled and clipped to maximize volume and veneer grade recovery, but because they had different objectives and techniques, both volume and grade recovery differed between the two mills. Results for veneer blocks and for woods-length logs are reported for individual mills and compared. Recovery information is presented by log grade and diameter for veneer volume, veneer grade, veneer value, and log value. Combined veneer recovery from the two mills is compared to recovery from sawmills and to the combined recovery from veneer studies conducted in the late 1960s. RP FAHEY, TD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1991 IS 439 BP U1 EP 26 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GU951 UT WOS:A1991GU95100001 ER PT J AU SMITH, WR SOMERS, GL AF SMITH, WR SOMERS, GL TI SUNSHINE - A LIGHT ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION SYSTEM BASED ON HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE DIFFUSE LIGHT; DIRECT LIGHT; RADIATION, SCANNER AB A new computer simulation system uses hemispherical photographs to estimate the amount of solar radiation a horizontal surface receives. This system reduces the cost and time of manual analysis to obtain radiation estimates from hemispherical photographs. The radiation on the horizontal surface is calculated from images of photographs input into a computer by an electronic scanner. Two programs are used, EDIT-TIF to edit and preprocess the image and SUNSHINE to calculated the diffuse and direct radiation. Use of the two programs in the SUNSHINE simulation system is described step by step. The theory and operation of the programs are discussed to give the user an understanding of the processes that are being simulated and the calculations required to predict light from hemispherical photographs. RP SMITH, WR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1991 IS 267 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GM999 UT WOS:A1991GM99900001 ER PT J AU HILL, JE LANGHEINRICH, KA KELLEY, LC AF HILL, JE LANGHEINRICH, KA KELLEY, LC TI PREVALENCE AND LOCATION OF MAST-CELL TUMORS IN SLAUGHTER CATTLE SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE MAST CELL TUMORS; COW; SKIN; VISCERAL RP HILL, JE (reprint author), USDA,FSIS,EASTERN LAB,POB 6085,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 5 BP 449 EP 450 PG 2 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA GJ552 UT WOS:A1991GJ55200014 PM 1750171 ER PT J AU RICE, RM LEWIS, J AF RICE, RM LEWIS, J TI ESTIMATING EROSION RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH LOGGING AND FOREST ROADS IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE LOGGING; FOREST ROADS; SOIL EROSION; RISK ANALYSIS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA ID LANDSLIDES AB Erosion resulting from logging and road building has long been a concern to forest managers and the general public. An objective methodology was developed to estimate erosion risk on forest roads and in harvest areas on private land in northwestern California. It was based on 260 plots sampled from the area harvested under 415 Timber Harvest Plans completed between November 1978 and October 1979. Results confirmed previous findings that most erosion related to forest management occurs on a small fraction of the managed area. Erosion features larger than the minimum size inventories in this study (> 13 yd3) occupied only 0.2 percent of the area investigated. Linear discriminant analysis was used to develop two equations for identifying critical sites (sites with erosion > 100 yd3ac-1). The equations were based on slope, horizontal curvature (an expression of local topography), and soil color (on road sites) or the strength of the underlying rocks (on harvest sites). The equations can be used in planning to estimate the erosion risk of proposed activities. They can also be used to estimate acceptable risk thresholds based on the value of competing resources. RP RICE, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 5 BP 809 EP 818 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HG397 UT WOS:A1991HG39700009 ER PT J AU SARDIN, M SCHWEICH, D LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF SARDIN, M SCHWEICH, D LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI MODELING THE NONEQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT OF LINEARLY INTERACTING SOLUTES IN POROUS-MEDIA - A REVIEW SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SATURATED GROUNDWATER-FLOW; AGGREGATED OXISOL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOMENT ANALYSIS; MASS-TRANSFER; ION-EXCHANGE; SOIL AB The transport of linearly interacting solutes in porous media is investigated with the help of residence time distributions, transfer functions, methods of system dynamics, and time-moment analyses. The classical one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation is extended to two-region (mobile-immobile water) transport by including diffusional mass transfer limitations characteristic of aggregated soils. The two-region model is further revised by incorporating the effects of multiple retention sites (in parallel or in series), multiple porosity levels, and arbitrary but steady flow fields. It is shown that different physical situations can be represented by a relatively small number of transfer functions containing only two types of parameters: distribution coefficients to account for equilibrium properties and characteristic times reflecting kinetic processes. Relevant kinetic processes include convective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion, adsorption-desorption, and physical or chemical mass transfer limitations. In most situations, theoretical breakthrough curves are found to be relatively insensitive to the mathematical structure of the transfer function, irrespective of the physical interpretation of the distribution coefficients and the characteristic times in the model. This means that alternative physical and chemical interpretations of model parameters can lead to nearly identical breakthrough curves. Certain transfer time distributions can lead to quite unusual shapes in the breakthrough curves; these curves strongly depend on the characteristic times and a few operational variables. Results of this study show that the transfer time distribution is an extremely useful tool for explaining some unexpected experimental results in the solute transport literature. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP SARDIN, M (reprint author), INST NATL POLYTECH LORRAINE,ECOLE NATL SUPER IND CHIM,CNRS,SCI GENIE CHIM LAB,1 RUE GRANDVILLE,F-54001 NANCY,FRANCE. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 56 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 27 IS 9 BP 2287 EP 2307 DI 10.1029/91WR01034 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA GD927 UT WOS:A1991GD92700010 ER PT J AU KAMRA, SK SINGH, SR RAO, KVGK VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF KAMRA, SK SINGH, SR RAO, KVGK VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI A SEMIDISCRETE MODEL FOR WATER AND SOLUTE MOVEMENT IN TILE-DRAINED SOILS .1. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; TRANSPORT; TIME; TRANSIENT AB A finite element model has been developed to simulate solute transport in tile-drained soil-aquifer systems. Water flow in the unsaturated zone and to drains in the saturated zone was assumed to be at steady state. The model considers the transport of nonreactive solutes, as well as of reactive solutes whose behavior can be described by a distribution coefficient. The exact-in-time numerical solution yields explicit expressions for the concentration field at any future point in time without having to compute concentrations at intermediate times. The semidiscrete method involves the determination of an eigensystem of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix. The eigensystem may be complex (i.e., it may have imaginary components) due to asymmetry created by the convection term in the governing convection-dispersion equation. The proposed approach facilitates long-term predictions of concentrations in drainage effluents and of salt distributions in soil and groundwater. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing model results with those based on an analytical solution for two-dimensional solute transport in groundwater. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. PUNJAB AGR UNIV,DEPT SOIL & WATER ENGN,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. RP KAMRA, SK (reprint author), CENT SOIL SALIN RES INST,KARNAL 132001,PUNJAB,INDIA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 27 IS 9 BP 2439 EP 2447 DI 10.1029/91WR01242 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA GD927 UT WOS:A1991GD92700021 ER PT J AU KAMRA, SK SINGH, SR RAO, KVGK VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF KAMRA, SK SINGH, SR RAO, KVGK VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI A SEMIDISCRETE MODEL FOR WATER AND SOLUTE MOVEMENT IN TILE-DRAINED SOILS .2. FIELD VALIDATION AND APPLICATIONS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB An exact-in-time two-dimensional finite element model for simulating convective-dispersive solute transport in a tile-drained field is validated against observed data from a subsurface drainage experiment. The model is capable of predicting the long-term effects of different irrigation and drainage practices on the salt distribution in an artificially drained soil-aquifer system. The model was used to predict transient changes in the salinity of the soil, the shallow groundwater table, and the drain effluent. Results are also presented on the effects of imposing alternative drain spacing-depth combinations, initial groundwater salinities, solute distribution coefficients, and different types of layering of the aquifer, on the computed salinity distributions in the unsaturated zone, the groundwater, and the drain effluent. C1 PUNJAB AGR UNIV,DEPT SOIL & WATER ENGN,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP KAMRA, SK (reprint author), CENT SOIL SALIN RES INST,KARNAL 132001,PUNJAB,INDIA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 27 IS 9 BP 2449 EP 2456 DI 10.1029/91WR01241 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA GD927 UT WOS:A1991GD92700022 ER PT J AU HOOPER, RG KRUSAC, DL CARLSON, DL AF HOOPER, RG KRUSAC, DL CARLSON, DL TI AN INCREASE IN A POPULATION OF RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; CAVITIES; BEHAVIOR C1 US FOREST SERV,FRANCIS MARION NATL FOREST,MONCKS CORNER,SC 29461. RP HOOPER, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,2730 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA GJ338 UT WOS:A1991GJ33800006 ER PT J AU CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC AF CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC TI FOREST HABITAT LOSS, FRAGMENTATION, AND RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER POPULATIONS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB Loss of mature forest habitat was measured around Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity tree clusters (colonies) in three National Forests in eastern Texas. Forest removal results in a loss of foraging habitat and causes habitat fragmentation of the remaining mature forest. Habitat loss was negatively associated with woodpecker group size in small populations that had relatively isolated clusters but not in a larger, more dense population. Cutting patterns also may affect the amount of foraging habitat available to a family group if the group is forced to go through the territories of other groups to access suitable foraging habitat. Habitat loss may affect woodpecker group size by causing an insufficiency of foraging habitat and dispersal-demographic problems. RP CONNER, RN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 103 IS 3 BP 446 EP 457 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA GH620 UT WOS:A1991GH62000010 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN AF RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN TI CAVITY TREE SELECTION BY RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREE AGE SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; COLONIES; PINES AB We aged over 1350 Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees and a comparable number of randomly selected trees. Resulting data strongly support the hypothesis that Red-cockaded Woodpeckers preferentially select older trees. Ages of recently initiated cavity trees in the Texas study areas generally were similar to those of cavity trees initiated during the last several decades. In effect, the birds are continuing to select the oldest trees from a pool of trees of increasing age. This suggests that the current average age of cavity trees on these sites (85-130 yrs) may not provide optimum cavity trees for this endangered species. RP RUDOLPH, DC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 103 IS 3 BP 458 EP 467 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA GH620 UT WOS:A1991GH62000011 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, RR RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN AF SCHAEFER, RR RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN TI THE RESPONSE OF ADULT RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS TO A FALLEN NESTLING SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP SCHAEFER, RR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 103 IS 3 BP 514 EP 515 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA GH620 UT WOS:A1991GH62000024 ER PT J AU DEAN, JV GRONWALD, JW ANDERSON, MP AF DEAN, JV GRONWALD, JW ANDERSON, MP TI GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN NONTREATED AND CGA-154281-TREATED MAIZE SHOOTS SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON HERBICIDE SAFENERS CY AUG 12-15, 1990 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE CGA-154281; SAFENER; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; GLUTATHIONE; MAIZE ID ZEA-MAYS; HERBICIDE ANTIDOTES; CORN; PURIFICATION; DETOXIFICATION; ISOZYMES; SORGHUM; PLANTS AB Fast protein liquid chromatography (anion exchange) was used to separate glutathione S-transferase isozymes in nontreated etiolated maize shoots and those treated with the herbicide safener CGA-154281 4-(dichloroacetyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine. Nontreated shoots contained isozymes active with the following substrates: trans-cinnamic acid (1 isozyme), atrazine (3 isozymes), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1 isozyme), metolachlor (2 isozymes) and the sulfoxide derivative of S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate (2 isozymes). Pretreatment of shoots with the safener CGA-154281 (1-mu-M) had no effect on the activity of the isozymes selective for trans-cinnamic acid and atrazine but increased the activity of the constitutively-expressed isozymes that exhibit activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, metolachlor and the sulfoxide derivative of S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate. The safener pretreatment also caused the appearance of one new isozyme active with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and one new isozyme active with metolachlor. The results illustrate the complexity of glutathione S-transferase activity in etiolated maize shoots, and the selective enhancement of glutathione S-transferase isozymes by the safener CGA-154281. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 9-10 BP 850 EP 855 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GM163 UT WOS:A1991GM16300021 ER PT J AU LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG AF LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG TI THE EFFECT OF BAS-145138 SAFENER ON CHLORIMURON ETHYL METABOLISM AND TOXICITY IN CORN SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON HERBICIDE SAFENERS CY AUG 12-15, 1990 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE HERBICIDE; SAFENER; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDE; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; HYDROXYLATION AB BAS 145138 was moderately effective in protecting corn from injury due to chlorimuron ethyl. BAS 145138 increased the I50 of chlorimuron ethyl to corn, determined by root-growth in a sandy loam soil, from 6 g chlorimuron ethyl/ha to 25 g/ha. BAS 145138 caused an increase in the rate of chlorimuron ethyl metabolism, but it did not effect the rate of chlorimuron ethyl uptake or the nature of the metabolites produced. Major metabolites included chlorimuron ethyl hydroxylated in the pyrimidine ring (hydroxychlorimuron ethyl), the glucoside of hydroxychlorimuron ethyl, the glutathione conjugate formed by displacement of chlorine, a metabolite characterized as the glutathione conjugate sulfoxide or a hydroxylated glutathione conjugate, four unidentified polar metabolites, and 2-sulfonylamino benzoic acid ethyl ester. Metabolites were characterized by mass spectrometry and hydrolysis. It was concluded that BAS 145138 partially protects corn from chlorimuron ethyl by causing an increase in the rate of herbicide metabolism by hydroxylation, glucoside conjugation and by glutathione conjugation. RP LAMOUREUX, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 9-10 BP 882 EP 886 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GM163 UT WOS:A1991GM16300026 ER PT J AU MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT AF MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT TI INFLUENCE OF SAFENERS ON THE INVIVO AND INVITRO METABOLISM OF BENTAZON AND METOLACHLOR BY GRAIN-SORGHUM SHOOTS - A PRELIMINARY-REPORT SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON HERBICIDE SAFENERS CY AUG 12-15, 1990 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE MICROSOMES; METOLACHLOR; BENTAZON; CYTOCHROME P-450; MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; HERBICIDE ANTIDOTES; N-DEMETHYLATION; HIGHER-PLANTS; CYTOCHROME-P-450; HYDROXYLATION; INDUCTION; MICROSOMES; WHEAT AB Metabolism of bentazon and metolachlor by excised shoots and a microsomal fraction isolated from the shoots, of 3-day-old, dark-grown, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Funk G 522 DR) seedlings was studied. The effects of seed treatments, on the subsequent metabolism of the herbicides, with the safeners naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, and CGA 133205 were compared against surface-sterilization and Captan-treatments. Bentazon was aryl hydroxylated in both in vivo and in vitro studies with the hydroxylated derivative undergoing glycosylation only under in vivo conditions. Both shoots and microsomes isolated from shoots of safener-treated seed showed enhanced metabolism of bentazon relative to the controls. Inhibition by tetcyclacis, a potent inhibitor of plant cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, in both the in vivo and in vitro studies, and a requirement for NADPH in the in vitro studies suggested that the formation of hydroxybentazon was mediated by a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. Metolachlor was metabolized to polar material and O-desmethylmetolachlor under in vivo conditions. Only the demethylated product was formed in vitro. Shoots isolated from safener-treated seed showed enhanced formation of polar compounds which were assumed to have arisen from conjugation with glutathione. Tetcyclacis did not affect the formation of the polar components. However, the formation of O-desmethylmetolachlor was depressed in the shoots excised from safener-treated seed under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Tetcyclacis completely prevented formation of the demethylated metabolite. Hence, formation of this metabolite is considered to be P-450 mediated. The differential response obtained with the safeners, i.e., stimulation of aryl hydroxylation of bentazon and depression of metolachlor demethylation, suggests that the reactions are probably catalyzed by different cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. RP MORELAND, DE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 9-10 BP 906 EP 914 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GM163 UT WOS:A1991GM16300031 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, AM SCHAEFER, J KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL AF CHRISTENSEN, AM SCHAEFER, J KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL TI DETECTION OF CROSS-LINKS IN INSECT CUTICLE BY REDOR NMR-SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MANDUCA-SEXTA L; SCLEROTIZATION; METABOLISM; LARVAL; PUPAL AB Rotational-echo, double-resonance C-13 and N-15 NMR have been used to examine tobacco hornworm pupal exuviae labeled either with a combination of [beta-C-13]dopamine and [ring-N-15(2)]histidine or with beta-[3-C-13, N-15]alanine. The spectra are consistent with the incorporation of N-beta-alanyldopamine into insect cuticle by the formation of a variety of covalent bonds. One of these bonds links a histidyl ring nitrogen to a catechol beta-carbon. Other bonds involve the amino group of N-beta-alanyldopamine. These results are interpreted in terms of a general structure for stabilized cuticle that involves cross-linking of proteins to other proteins or chitin through catecholamines. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 1991 VL 113 IS 18 BP 6799 EP 6802 DI 10.1021/ja00018a013 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GD306 UT WOS:A1991GD30600013 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK AF RAINA, AK TI STRUCTURE ACTIVITY OF PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE ANALOGS IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 11 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000224 ER PT J AU IRWIN, PL CHAMULITRAT, W SEVILLA, MD HOFFMAN, AE AF IRWIN, PL CHAMULITRAT, W SEVILLA, MD HOFFMAN, AE TI NITROXYL AMIDE SPIN LABELING - METHYL ESTERIFICATION-INDUCED AND HYDRATION-INDUCED MOTIONAL PERTURBATIONS OF PECTINIC POLYSACCHARIDES IN APPLE TISSUE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NIH,MOLEC BIOPHYS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OAKLAND UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ROCHESTER,MI 48063. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 12 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000014 ER PT J AU TAKEOKA, GR FLATH, RA WINTERHALTER, P GUNTERT, M BUTTERY, RG RAMMING, DW TERANISHI, R AF TAKEOKA, GR FLATH, RA WINTERHALTER, P GUNTERT, M BUTTERY, RG RAMMING, DW TERANISHI, R TI FREE AND BOUND FLAVOR CONSTITUENTS OF WHITE-FLESHED NECTARINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV WURZBURG,LEHRSTUHL LEBENSMITTELCHEM,W-8700 WURZBURG,GERMANY. HAARMANN & REIMER GMBH,W-3450 HOLZMINDEN,GERMANY. USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 24 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000026 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM AF SAPERS, GM TI COLD BLANCHING TREATMENTS TO STABILIZE RAW FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICES - CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 27 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000029 ER PT J AU HICKS, KB TONG, CBS SAPERS, GM AF HICKS, KB TONG, CBS SAPERS, GM TI PREVENTION OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN FRUIT JUICE WITH CYCLODEXTRINS AND SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 30 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000032 ER PT J AU PRIEM, B GROSS, KC AF PRIEM, B GROSS, KC TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING CARBOHYDRATE-CONTAINING REGULATORS OF TOMATO FRUIT RIPENING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 31 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000033 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD AF TIMPA, JD TI APPLICATION OF SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF COTTON FIBER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 32 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101300 ER PT J AU WARTHEN, JD DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM LEONHARDT, BA SCHRECK, CE LUSBY, WR SCHMIDT, WF DEVILBISS, ED AF WARTHEN, JD DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM LEONHARDT, BA SCHRECK, CE LUSBY, WR SCHMIDT, WF DEVILBISS, ED TI SEMIPREPARATIVE HPLC ISOLATION AND NMR ANALYSES OF THE CIS-ISOMERS AND TRANSISOMERS OF A BICYCLIC LACTONE MOSQUITO REPELLENT, 1,1,4,5,6,7,8,8A-OCTAHYDRO-3H-2-BENZOPYRAN-3-ONE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 33 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000246 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME GUELDNER, RC WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR COSTELLO, CE AF SNOOK, ME GUELDNER, RC WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR COSTELLO, CE TI AN HPLC SURVEY OF CORN (ZEA-MAYS L) POPULATIONS AND INBREDS FOR SILK FLAVONOLGLYCOSIDE CONTENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 34 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000247 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JE ALDRICH, JR LUSBY, WR WATERS, RM JAMES, DG AF OLIVER, JE ALDRICH, JR LUSBY, WR WATERS, RM JAMES, DG TI AN UNUSUAL HEMIACETAL FROM THE DORSAL ABDOMINAL GLANDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPINED CITRUS BUG SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NEW S WALES AGR & FISHERIES,YANCO AGR INST,YANCO,NSW 2703,AUSTRALIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 35 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000248 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF HEDIN, PA PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI THE EFFECTS OF COTTON PLANT ALLELOCHEMICALS AND NUTRIENTS ON THE BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOBACCO BUDWORM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 37 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000250 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE AF INGLETT, GE TI OATRIM PRODUCTS WITH ELEVATED BETA-GLUCAN CONTENTS AS NATURAL FAT SUBSTITUTES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 37 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000039 ER PT J AU MUSICK, TJ ASCHBACHER, PW SANDERMANN, H AF MUSICK, TJ ASCHBACHER, PW SANDERMANN, H TI BIOAVAILABILITY OF A NATURAL CHLOROANILINE LIGNIN COMPLEX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. INST BIOCHEM PFLANZENPATHOL,W-8042 NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 38 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000251 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, JA AF RENDLEMAN, JA TI CONVERSION OF CORN SYRUP SOLIDS INTO GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 41 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000957 ER PT J AU TRIMNELL, D FANTA, GF AF TRIMNELL, D FANTA, GF TI WICKING AND ABSORBENCY IN ALUMINUM AND SILICATE MODIFIED STARCH GRAFT COPOLYMER SUPERABSORBENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 42 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000958 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL AF SHOGREN, RL TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE-CONTENT ON THE PHYSICAL AGING OF GELATINIZED CORNSTARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 43 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000959 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, P FISHMAN, M KONJA, G AF HOAGLAND, P FISHMAN, M KONJA, G TI FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTRAN, PULLULAN, AND PECTIN DETERMINED BY HPSEC WITH VISCOSITY DETECTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 45 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000961 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, S HERMAN, Z FONG, CH MIYAKE, M AF HASEGAWA, S HERMAN, Z FONG, CH MIYAKE, M TI GLUCOSIDES OF LIMONOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PASADENA,CA 91106. WAKAYAMA AGRIBIO RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 50 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000052 ER PT J AU WEISS, CA GERASIMOWICZ, WV AF WEISS, CA GERASIMOWICZ, WV TI INTERACTIONS OF WATER WITH CLAY-MINERALS AS STUDIED BY 2D NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 61 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000275 ER PT J AU GERASIMOWICZ, WV AF GERASIMOWICZ, WV TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS GUEST HOST SOLID-STATE INTERACTIONS BY MULTIPLE QUANTUM NMR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 62 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000276 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC AF DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC TI POLYMERIC MICROCAPSULES OF THE HERBICIDES ATRAZINE AND METRIBUZIN - PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PROPERTIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 63 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000277 ER PT J AU BAETZ, AL WESLEY, IV AF BAETZ, AL WESLEY, IV TI LISTERIOLYSIN PURIFICATION USING A CATION-EXCHANGE CAPSULE AND CATION-EXCHANGE HPLC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,DEPT PHYSIOPATHOL,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 81 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000450 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT LEVAJ, B AF FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT LEVAJ, B TI STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATED POLYSACCHARIDES BY HPSEC/VISCOMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 94 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101362 ER PT J AU VERCELLOTTI, JR MILLS, OE CRIPPEN, KL AF VERCELLOTTI, JR MILLS, OE CRIPPEN, KL TI AN UPDATE ON GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF LIPID OXIDATION VOLATILES IN FOODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 98 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000100 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M DAO, L AF FRIEDMAN, M DAO, L TI IMPROVED EXTRACTION AND HPLC ASSAY OF POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 112 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000114 ER PT J AU PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ AF PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ TI NOVEL SULFONAMIDE DRUG-METABOLISM IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 113 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000327 ER PT J AU STANGELO, AJ AF STANGELO, AJ TI CHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF FLAVOR IN UNTREATED AND ANTIOXIDANT-TREATED MEAT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 120 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000122 ER PT J AU KARNS, JS AF KARNS, JS TI BIODEGRADATION IN SITE REMEDIATION AND WASTE TREATMENT-PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 121 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000335 ER PT J AU HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ AF HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ TI CHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDE WASTES - HISTORICAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 122 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000336 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA AF MOATS, WA TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO DETERMINATION OF B-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN MILK AND TISSUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT RES RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 125 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000127 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC AF EHRLICH, KC TI A SIMPLE METHOD TO DEFINE THE RECOGNITION SITE OF SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 129 EP BIOL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000886 ER PT J AU BEEMAN, RW AF BEEMAN, RW TI TRIBOLIUM AS A MODEL INSECT FOR STUDY OF RESISTANCE MECHANISMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 133 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000347 ER PT J AU FUNG, TT LEWIS, BA POND, WG AF FUNG, TT LEWIS, BA POND, WG TI CHARACTERIZATION OF TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR ACTIVITY IN AMARANTHUS SPECIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 133 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000135 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL TI HPLC ANALYSIS OF NEGATIVELY-CHARGED PHOSPHOLIPIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR RES SERV,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 134 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000502 ER PT J AU NEUCERE, JN AF NEUCERE, JN TI ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF CATIONIC PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROM AFLATOXIN-RESISTANT SUSCEPTIBLE VARIETIES OF CORN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 134 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000136 ER PT J AU MICICH, TJ AF MICICH, TJ TI POLYMER SUPPORTED TOMATINE AS A MEANS OF CHOLESTEROL REMOVAL FROM BUTTEROIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 135 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000137 ER PT J AU RIALS, TG AF RIALS, TG TI CURE CHARACTERISTICS OF TANNIN-BASED RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 138 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101040 ER PT J AU SHELTON, DR KARNS, JS HAPEMANSOMICK, CJ AF SHELTON, DR KARNS, JS HAPEMANSOMICK, CJ TI BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF CATTLE DIP WASTE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 139 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000353 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, NF SHIH, FF MARSHALL, WE AF CAMPBELL, NF SHIH, FF MARSHALL, WE TI ENZYMATIC PHOSPHORYLATION OF SOY PROTEIN TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES IN FOODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 140 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000142 ER PT J AU WOLF, WJ AF WOLF, WJ TI SULFHYDRYL CONTENT OF GLYCININ - EFFECT OF REDUCING AGENTS IN ABSENCE OF DENATURANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 141 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000143 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J WU, V AF LEHRFELD, J WU, V TI DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTIC ACID, TOTAL DIETARY FIBER, PROTEIN, AND STARCH IN A MILLED HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 143 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000145 ER PT J AU YAMAGUCHI, ES FULLER, G AF YAMAGUCHI, ES FULLER, G TI PROJECT SEED BENEFITS MORE THAN HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHEVRON RES CO,RICHMOND,CA 94802. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 145 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001188 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI MYCOTOXIN RESISTANCE IN INSECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 155 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000369 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA BLAND, J AF SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA BLAND, J TI LIPID OXIDATION - EFFECT ON MEAT PROTEINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 159 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000161 ER PT J AU CRIPPEN, KL BOYLSTON, TD AF CRIPPEN, KL BOYLSTON, TD TI EFFECT OF STORAGE ON ROASTED PEANUT FLAVOR, AS DETERMINED BY DESCRIPTIVE SENSORY ANALYSIS AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 161 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000163 ER PT J AU ASTROFF, AB BEIER, RC WEAVERDELAMATER, EA ROWE, LD ELISSALDE, MH IVIE, GW DELOACH, JR AF ASTROFF, AB BEIER, RC WEAVERDELAMATER, EA ROWE, LD ELISSALDE, MH IVIE, GW DELOACH, JR TI SYNTHESIS OF 4,4'-DINITROCARBANILIDE-HYDRAZONE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELISA TO NICARBAZINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 166 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000672 ER PT J AU ROWE, LD BEIER, RC ASTROFF, AB WEAVERDELAMATER, EA ELISSALDE, MH AF ROWE, LD BEIER, RC ASTROFF, AB WEAVERDELAMATER, EA ELISSALDE, MH TI FACILE SYNTHESIS OF A CARBOXYLIC LINKER ON HALOFUGINONE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 201 EP ORGN PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08100294 ER PT J AU JEFFRIES, TW GRABSKI, AC AF JEFFRIES, TW GRABSKI, AC TI XYLANASES FROM STREPTOMYCES-ROSEISCLEROTICUS - PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 210 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000717 ER PT J AU WENDLER, P FARRELL, R CULLEN, D AF WENDLER, P FARRELL, R CULLEN, D TI LIGNINASE EXPRESSION IN HETEROLOGOUS HOSTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 REPLIGEN SANDOZ RES CORP,LEXINGTON,MA 02713. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 236 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000742 ER PT J AU COHEN, JI WILLIAMS, JT PLUCKNETT, DL SHANDS, H AF COHEN, JI WILLIAMS, JT PLUCKNETT, DL SHANDS, H TI EXSITU CONSERVATION OF PLANT GENETIC-RESOURCES - GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Conservation of plant genetic resources is achieved by protection of populations in nature (in situ) or by preservation of samples in gene banks (ex situ). The latter are essential for users of germplasm who need ready access. Ex situ conservation also acts as a back-up for certain segments of diversity that might otherwise be lost in nature and in human-dominated ecosystems. The two methods are complementary, yet better understanding of this interrelation and the role of ex situ conservation in global environmental considerations is needed. Inclusion of ex situ conservation efforts within current environmental policies conserving global diversity would focus greater international attention on the safeguarding of these efforts. C1 INT FUND AGR RES,INT PROGRAM TROP TREE CROPS,ARLINGTON,VA 22209. WORLD BANK,CONSULTAT GRP INT AGR RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COHEN, JI (reprint author), US AGCY INT DEV,AGR OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20523, USA. OI Cohen, Joel I/0000-0002-2390-5983 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 23 PY 1991 VL 253 IS 5022 BP 866 EP 872 DI 10.1126/science.253.5022.866 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GC152 UT WOS:A1991GC15200035 PM 17751821 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ TI THE ATTENUATION OF CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS IN TURBULENT-FLOW THROUGH A TUBE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION AB A transfer function describing the attenuation of concentration fluctuations caused by turbulent flow through a tube is developed. The mathematical formulation of the transfer function is posed as an eigenvalue problem with a turbulent diffusivity and a mean velocity profile appropriate to turbulent flow. The resulting differential equation is solved numerically for the lowest eigenvalue, which in turn is used to derive the transfer function. The attenuation is shown to be strongly dependent upon Reynolds number and possible solute interaction at the tube wall. A single, rather simple expression for the transfer function which includes the effects of solute removal at the wall is presented. However, when there are no interactions between the solute and the tube wall, in general, turbulent tube flow (for any Reynolds number greater than about 6000) will attenuate fluctuations less than laminar tube flow (for Reynolds numbers greater than 300). Comparisons between different models' predictions for the attenuation of fluctuations and the observed attenuation show that the model of Lee and Gill (1977) produce the best fit to the tube attenuation data of Lenschow and Raupach (this issue). Also discussed is the minimum tube aspect ratio (ratio of tube length to tube radius) necessary to insure that the transfer function is accurate. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 240 W PROSPECT, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NR 21 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D8 BP 15269 EP 15273 DI 10.1029/91JD01514 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GC314 UT WOS:A1991GC31400002 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY LEW, GM EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ KLEIN, PD AF GRAHAM, DY LEW, GM EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ KLEIN, PD TI EFFECT OF TRIPLE THERAPY (ANTIBIOTICS PLUS BISMUTH) ON DUODENAL-ULCER HEALING - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; SUBCITRATE; RELAPSE; ERADICATION; OMEPRAZOLE AB Objective: To determine whether antimicrobial therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection accelerates the healing of duodenal ulcers. Design: Single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants: One hundred and five patients with endoscopically verified duodenal ulcers. Intervention: Patients received either ranitidine, 300 mg/d, or ranitidine, 300 mg/d, plus "triple therapy" (2 g/d of tetracycline, 750 mg/d of metronidazole, and 5 or 8 bismuth subsalicylate tablets per day). Triple therapy was administered for only the first 2 weeks of ulcer treatment. Measurements: Videoendoscopic assessment of ulcer status was done until ulcer healing was complete. Evaluations were done after 2, 4, 8,12, and 16 weeks of therapy. Main Results: Ulcer healing was more rapid in patients receiving ranitidine plus triple therapy than in patients receiving ranitidine alone (P < 0.01). The cumulative percentages of patients with healed ulcers in the group receiving ranitidine plus triple therapy and in the group receiving ranitidine alone were as follows: 37% and 18% after week 2; 74% and 53% after week 4; 84% and 68% after week 8; 96% and 80% after week 12; and 98% and 84% after week 16. Conclusion: Combined therapy with anti-H. pylori agents and ranitidine was superior to ranitidine alone for duodenal ulcer healing. Our results indicate that H. pylori plays a role in duodenal ulcer disease. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR CTR,HOUSTON,TX. RP GRAHAM, DY (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,111D,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 22 TC 240 Z9 241 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 4 BP 266 EP 269 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GA764 UT WOS:A1991GA76400004 PM 1854110 ER PT J AU KWANG, J BOLIN, S LITTLEDIKE, ET DUBOVI, EJ DONIS, RO AF KWANG, J BOLIN, S LITTLEDIKE, ET DUBOVI, EJ DONIS, RO TI EXPRESSION OF THE P80 REGION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO THIS RECOMBINANT PROTEIN IN BOVINE SERA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SPECIFICITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY; PESTIVIRUS; VACCINATION; VACCINES; CLONING; CATTLE; BVD C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 178 IS 3 BP 1326 EP 1334 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(91)91039-F PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GB273 UT WOS:A1991GB27300078 PM 1651719 ER PT J AU WILLIS, DK BARTA, TM KINSCHERF, TG AF WILLIS, DK BARTA, TM KINSCHERF, TG TI GENETICS OF TOXIN PRODUCTION AND RESISTANCE IN PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Review DE TABTOXIN; PHASEOLOTOXIN; CORONATINE; SYRINGOTOXIN; SYRINGOMYCIN; RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE, PV CORONAFACIENS, PV PHASEOLICOLA, PV TABACI; (ANGULATA) ID SYRINGAE PV-PHASEOLICOLA; TABTOXININE-BETA-LACTAM; CHLOROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE; CORONATINE PRODUCTION; SYRINGOMYCIN PRODUCTION; PHYTOTOXIN CORONATINE; PLANT PATHOGENESIS AB Genes for phytotoxin production have been identified and cloned from several phytopathogenic pseudomonads. These genes comprise physically linked clusters that have been located both on the chromosome and on endogenous plasmids. Contained within these genetic regions are resistance genes specific to those toxins that have a bactericidal component to their activity. DNA sequences required for toxin production are often conserved among bacteria with divergent host specificities, suggesting the ability of toxin genes to be transferred between bacteria. Toxins are usually modulators of plant pathogenicity, their production causing a significant increase in disease severity. In one case, however, toxin production appears to be a major contributor to the basic pathogenicity of a plant pathogenic bacterium. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WILLIS, DK (reprint author), USDA,ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 76 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 47 IS 8 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1007/BF01922455 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GD456 UT WOS:A1991GD45600003 ER PT J AU DURBIN, RD AF DURBIN, RD TI BACTERIAL PHYTOTOXINS - MECHANISMS OF ACTION SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Review DE BACTERIAL PHYTOTOXINS; TABTOXININE-BETA-LACTAM; PHASEOLOTOXIN; SYRINGOMYCIN; SYRINGOTOXIN; RHIZOBITOXINE; CORONATINE; TAGETITOXIN; IAA, CYTOKININS, ETHYLENE; PSEUDOMONAS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM; CORYNEBACTERIUM ID BEAN ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PHYTOTOXIN; TABTOXININE-BETA-LACTAM; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; REVISED STRUCTURE; PV PHASEOLICOLA; SYRINGOMYCIN; INHIBITION AB Many species of phytopathogenic procaryotes produce toxins that appear to function in disease development. They affect the plant in different ways, the end result of which is the elicitation of chlorosis, necrosis, watersoaking, growth abnormalities or wilting. The most extensively studied toxins cause chlorosis. They specifically inhibit diverse enzymes, all critical to the plant cell. This inhibition results in a complex series of metabolic dysfunctions ultimately resulting in symptom expression. Substances causing growth abnormalities consist of known phytohormones and other compounds with plant hormone-like activities, but which have no structural relationship to the known hormones. The former act in the usual manner but, because of their elevated levels and imbalances, the host's regulatory mechanisms are overwhelmed and abnormal growth results (hyperplasia, shoot or root formation); the mechanisms of action of the latter group are unknown. High molecular weight, carbohydrate-containing substances, also acting in unknown ways, cause tissue watersoaking or wilting. Likewise, we know little about toxins causing necrosis except for syringomycin which affects ion transport across the plasmalemma. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP DURBIN, RD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 88 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 47 IS 8 BP 776 EP 783 DI 10.1007/BF01922457 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GD456 UT WOS:A1991GD45600005 ER PT J AU JACKSON, MA FREER, SN AF JACKSON, MA FREER, SN TI THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON AND NITROGEN NUTRITION ON FUSARIN-C BIOSYNTHESIS BY FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ZINC; CARBON; NITROGEN; POLYKETIDE; TOXIN; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME ID SUBMERGED CULTURES AB The influence of various carbon and nitrogen sources on fusarin C synthesis was examined in submerged cultures of Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13616. Using a zinc-deficient, synthetic medium, highest levels of fusarin C were produced by cultures grown with urea or ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source and fructose, sucrose, or glucose as the carbon source. In media supplemented with various concentrations of glucose and ammonium sulfate, glucose concentrations which provided excess carbohydrate significantly increased fusarin C synthesis, regardless of the ammonium sulfate concentration. RP JACKSON, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 82 IS 3 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GF126 UT WOS:A1991GF12600016 ER PT J AU MADDEN, KB URBAN, JF ZILTENER, HJ SCHRADER, JW FINKELMAN, FD KATONA, IM AF MADDEN, KB URBAN, JF ZILTENER, HJ SCHRADER, JW FINKELMAN, FD KATONA, IM TI ANTIBODIES TO IL-3 AND IL-4 SUPPRESS HELMINTH-INDUCED INTESTINAL MASTOCYTOSIS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL MAST-CELLS; STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; T-CELL; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTED RATS; IGE RESPONSES; MICE; GROWTH AB Rodents infected with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) develop intestinal mastocytosis, eosinophilia, and elevated serum IgE levels. Although IL-4 and IL-5 are necessary for stimulation of IgE synthesis and eosinophilia, respectively, the cytokines that regulate gut mast cell hyperplasia have not been identified. To address this question, 6- to 8-wk-old BALB/c mice were injected on day 0 and day 7 of Nb infection with a rat anti-mouse IL-4 mAb, and with polyclonal sheep (day 0) and rabbit (day 7) anti-mouse IL-3 IgG antibodies. Additional Nb-infected mice received equal doses of isotype- and species-matched control antibodies. Mice were sacrificed on days 12 or 13 postinfection, and mucosal mast cells (MMC) in sections of the small intestine were enumerated. Nb infection induced a 25- to 40-fold increase in MMC over that observed in uninfected controls. Anti-IL-3 or anti-IL-4 alone suppressed the Nb-induced MMC response by 40 to 50%, whereas both antibodies combined suppressed the MMC response by 85 to 90%. Anti-IL-3 alone had no effect on the serum IgE levels, which were essentially abrogated in the Nb-infected mice treated with anti-IL-4. Blood eosinophilia was not affected by treatment with anti-IL-3 and/or anti-IL-4. These studies demonstrate that IL-3 and IL-4 are physiologically important stimuli of mastocytosis in vivo, and suggest therapeutic interventions that may counteract adverse host responses to allergens as well as to parasites. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,BIOMED RES CTR,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HERBERT SCH MED,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26150] NR 40 TC 224 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 147 IS 4 BP 1387 EP 1391 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA GB209 UT WOS:A1991GB20900040 PM 1869831 ER PT J AU KWANG, J LITTLEDIKE, ET BOLIN, S COLLETT, MS AF KWANG, J LITTLEDIKE, ET BOLIN, S COLLETT, MS TI EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS CLONED DNA PROBES FOR DETECTION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUSES SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; PESTIVIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; FLAVIVIRIDAE; RNA AB We have evaluated 24 cytopathic (CP) and 37 noncytopathic (NCP) strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) with a dot blot assay using four different genome segments of the NADL strain as hybridization probes (p80, p54, gp53, and gp62). The p80 and p54 probes hybridized to 23/24 (96%) and 22/24 (92%), respectively, of CP strains examined. In contrast, these same two probes only detected 16/37 (43%) and 5/37 (13%), respectively, of the NCP strains examined. The gp53 probe detected 18/24 (75%) and the gp62 probe detected 19/24 (79%) of the CP strains. In contrast, these latter two probes only detected 9/37 (24%) and 7/37 (20%), respectively, of NCP strains. This low detection rate of NCP strains suggests a need for developing a probe based on NCP sequences for identification of NCP strains. C1 MOLECULAR VACCINES INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAN ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90082-Q PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA FZ420 UT WOS:A1991FZ42000006 PM 1654669 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB DONER, LW IRWIN, PL AF HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB DONER, LW IRWIN, PL TI ISOLATION OF OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS IN GRAM QUANTITIES BY PREPARATIVE HPLC SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; SODIUM POLYPECTATE; SEPARATION; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OLIGOMERS; ELICITORS; PHYTOALEXINS; RESIDUES; LYASE AB Oligogalacturonic acids up to a degree of polymerization of 7 (d.p. 7) were isolated in gram quantities by preparative h.p.l.c. from endo-polygalacturonase- and pectate lyase-depolymerized polygalacturonic acid. A Dynamax-60A NH2 (21.4 x 250 mm) 1-aminopropyl silica gel column was used with an isocratic acetate buffer (ca. 0.9M, pH 5) mobile phase. Automated operation of the preparative h.p.l.c. system allowed for rapid, high-resolution separation and collection of oligogalacturonic acids that typically were 95-99% pure on a chromatographic peak area basis. The chromatographic system described represents an advance in oligogalacturonic acid isolation and purification methodology since it is faster, less labor intensive, and it provides higher isolation rates (over 300 mg/h of total oligosaccharides) than the traditionally used ambient pressure strong anion-exchange chromatography. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD AUG 12 PY 1991 VL 215 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84009-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GE760 UT WOS:A1991GE76000010 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT SONDEY, SM ELATAWY, YS AF FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT SONDEY, SM ELATAWY, YS TI INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY AND MOLECULAR-WEIGHT OF PECTIN COMPONENTS SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; CALIBRATION AB A variety of fruit and vegetable by-products were extracted to recover and evaluate their pectins. Pectins were studied by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with differential refractive index (d.r.i.) and differential pressure (d.p.) detection. Computer-aided curve fitting of chromatograms was employed to identify pectic components. For each kind of pectin, the experimental chromatograms from both detectors could be fitted by a linear combination of the same five macromolecular sized species. Combination of data from the d.r.i. and d.p. detectors enabled component and global intrinsic viscosities to be obtained. Universal calibration of the column set with a combination of broad dextran and narrow pullulan standards enabled component and global molecular weights to be obtained. Weight-average intrinsic viscosities, ranged from about 0.75 to 5.9 dL/g, whereas weight-average molecular weights ranged from about 61 to 182 x 10(3) for the various pectins. Polydispersities of the pectins ranged from about 3 to 11. Analysis by combining intrinsic viscosities with molecular weights and previously determined radii of gyration for the components led to the conclusion that the pectin components were aggregates. C1 AGR RES CTR,HORT RES INST,GIZA,EGYPT. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD AUG 12 PY 1991 VL 215 IS 1 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84010-C PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GE760 UT WOS:A1991GE76000011 ER PT J AU HICKS, KB AF HICKS, KB TI ADVANCES IN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF CARBOHYDRATES - FOREWORD SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP HICKS, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD AUG 12 PY 1991 VL 215 IS 1 BP R7 EP R9 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84001-U PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GE760 UT WOS:A1991GE76000002 ER PT J AU WANG, E NORRED, WP BACON, CW RILEY, RT MERRILL, AH AF WANG, E NORRED, WP BACON, CW RILEY, RT MERRILL, AH TI INHIBITION OF SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS BY FUMONISINS - IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; SERINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; CULTURE MATERIAL; FREE SPHINGOSINE; LIVER; CANCER; RATS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; HEPATOTOXICITY AB Culture materials and grains contaminated with certain isolates of Fusarium moniliforme cause equine leucoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema syndrome, and liver cancer in rats. The causative agents are thought to be a family of compounds called fumonisins, which bear considerable structural similarity to the long-chain (sphingoid) base backbones of sphingolipids. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with fumonisins inhibited incorporation of [C-14]serine into the sphingosine moiety of cellular sphingolipids with an IC50 of 0.1-mu-M for fumonisin B1. In contrast, fumonisin B, increased the amount of the biosynthetic intermediate sphinganine, which suggests that fumonisins inhibit the conversion of [C-14]sphinganine to N-acyl-[C-14] sphinganines, a step that is thought to precede introduction of the 4,5-trans double bond of sphingosine (Merrill, A. H., Jr. and Wang, E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 3764-3769). In agreement with this mechanism, fumonisin B1 inhibited the activity of sphingosine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase) in rat liver microsomes with 50% inhibition at approximately 0.1-mu-M and reduced the conversion of [H-3]sphingosine to [H-3] ceramide by intact hepatocytes. As far as we are aware, this is the first discovery of a naturally occurring inhibitor of this step of sphingolipid metabolism. These findings suggest that disruption of the de novo pathway of sphingolipid biosynthesis may be a critical event in the diseases that have been associated with consumption of fumonisins. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33369] NR 40 TC 838 Z9 855 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 22 BP 14486 EP 14490 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FZ351 UT WOS:A1991FZ35100060 PM 1860857 ER EF