FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W BE MUNRO, H SCHLIERF, G TI TRACE-ELEMENTS IN AGING SO NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29TH WORKSHOP ON NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY CY MAY 22-24, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NESTLE NUTR SERV RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAVEN PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-88167-874-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 1992 VL 29 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV33U UT WOS:A1992BV33U00016 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP VASILATOSYOUNKEN, R AF ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP VASILATOSYOUNKEN, R TI METABOLIC AND HORMONAL EFFECTS OF FEEDING CHICKENS THYROXINE AND DIETS CONTAINING VARIED CALORIE TO PROTEIN RATIOS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE THYROXINE; LIPOGENESIS; METABOLISM ID GROWTH-HORMONE; THYROID-HORMONES; BROILER-CHICKENS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RESPIRATION; INSULIN; PIGS AB Indian River male broiler chickens, growing from 7 to 28 d of age, were fed diets containing energy to protein ratios from 43 to 106 MJ/kg of protein + 0 or 1 mg/kg thyroxine (T4) to study both the energetic and metabolic costs of lipogenesis. De novo lipid synthesis was determined in the presence and absence of ouabain (ATPase inhibitor) to estimate the energetic costs of ion pumping in explants synthesizing lipid. Growth and feed consumption increased (P < 0.05) when the energy to protein ratio decreased from 106 to 71 MJ/kg protein; but, both parameters decreased as the ratio was further decreased from 53 to 43 MJ/kg of protein. A large calorie-to-protein ratio and dietary T4 depressed plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I. A large calorie-to-protein ratio increased (P < 0.05) lipogenesis and the cellular energy expended in support of Na+/K+ transport. In addition, plasma thyroid hormone ratios were changed by both energy to protein ratios and T4. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80411-7 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HL924 UT WOS:A1992HL92400007 ER PT J AU BAKER, DH WOOD, RJ AF BAKER, DH WOOD, RJ TI CELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS REPLICATION SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; HIV; GLUTATHIONE; CYSTEINE; INFECTIVITY; MECHANISMS; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; GENE; RATS AB The factors that stimulate replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determine the period of disease latency are poorly understood. Recent evidence from in vitro cell culture studies of HIV-infected cells suggest that HIV activity is profoundly affected by the presence of antioxidants, such as glutathione and ascorbic acid, in the cell culture medium. These in vitro observations and reports of global glutathione deficiency in nonsymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects suggest that cellular antioxidant status may be an important factor determining the latency period of HIV infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying HIV activation are beginning to be understood and point to a potentially important role for NF-kappa-B, a cellular transcription factor that may be modulated by cellular antioxidant status. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DIV NUTR SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BAKER, DH (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HA894 UT WOS:A1992HA89400004 PM 1579264 ER PT J AU RUSH, D ROSENBERG, IH AF RUSH, D ROSENBERG, IH TI FOLATE SUPPLEMENTS AND NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP RUSH, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HA894 UT WOS:A1992HA89400009 PM 1315943 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM AF KLEVAY, LM TI THE LIFE-STYLE HEART TRIAL SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPERIMENTAL COPPER DEPLETION; CHOLESTEROL; DIET; MEN RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HA894 UT WOS:A1992HA89400010 PM 1579268 ER PT B AU NICHOLS, BL SHENG, HP AF NICHOLS, BL SHENG, HP BE GIORGI, PL SUSKIND, RM CATASSI, C TI MEASUREMENT OF BODY-COMPOSITION IN INFANTS SO OBESE CHILD SE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON OBESE CHILD CY SEP 20-22, 1990 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP CNR, UNIV ANCONA RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA BASEL BN 3-8055-5463-X J9 PEDIAT ADOL PY 1992 VL 2 BP 81 EP 105 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BV50J UT WOS:A1992BV50J00009 ER PT B AU KAUFMANN, MR MOIR, WH COVINGTON, WW AF KAUFMANN, MR MOIR, WH COVINGTON, WW GP USDA TI OLD-GROWTH FORESTS - WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THEIR ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY-MOUNTAIN REGIONS SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP KAUFMANN, MR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00001 ER PT B AU MOIR, WH AF MOIR, WH GP USDA TI ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN OLD-GROWTH FOREST DEFINITION SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP MOIR, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00003 ER PT J AU KAUFMANN, MR AF KAUFMANN, MR GP USDA TI CARBON, WATER, AND NUTRIENT RELATIONS - DISTINGUISHING FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF OLD-GROWTH LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS IN THE SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP KAUFMANN, MR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00005 ER PT B AU HARRINGTON, MG SACKETT, SS AF HARRINGTON, MG SACKETT, SS GP USDA TI PAST AND PRESENT FIRE INFLUENCES ON SOUTHWESTERN PONDEROSA PINE OLD GROWTH SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP HARRINGTON, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00006 ER PT B AU SCHMID, JM AMMAN, GD AF SCHMID, JM AMMAN, GD GP USDA TI DENDROCTONUS BEETLES AND OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE ROCKIES SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP SCHMID, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00007 ER PT B AU HAWKSWORTH, FG MOIR, WH JANSSEN, JE AF HAWKSWORTH, FG MOIR, WH JANSSEN, JE GP USDA TI EFFECTS OF DWARF MISTLETOE IN OLD-GROWTH LODGEPOLE PINE STANDS AT FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, COLORADO SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP HAWKSWORTH, FG (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00008 ER PT J AU LYNCH, AM SWETNAM, TW AF LYNCH, AM SWETNAM, TW GP USDA TI OLD-GROWTH MIXED-CONIFER AND WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM IN THE SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP LYNCH, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 66 EP 80 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00009 ER PT J AU POPP, JB JACKSON, PD BASSETT, RL AF POPP, JB JACKSON, PD BASSETT, RL GP USDA TI OLD-GROWTH CONCEPTS FROM HABITAT TYPE DATA IN THE SOUTHWEST SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP POPP, JB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SW REG OFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00011 ER PT B AU MEHL, MS AF MEHL, MS GP USDA TI OLD-GROWTH DESCRIPTIONS FOR THE MAJOR FOREST COVER TYPES IN THE ROCKY-MOUNTAIN REGION SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP MEHL, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT REGION,POB 25127,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 106 EP 120 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00012 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RT LINKHART, BD AF REYNOLDS, RT LINKHART, BD GP USDA TI FLAMMULATED OWLS IN PONDEROSA PINE - EVIDENCE OF PREFERENCE FOR OLD GROWTH SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP REYNOLDS, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 166 EP 169 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00018 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, WD AF SHEPPARD, WD GP USDA TI A COMPUTER-GRAPHICS TECHNIQUE FOR VISUALIZING SPATIAL DISTURBANCE AND SUCCESSION IN OLD-GROWTH FORESTS SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP SHEPPARD, WD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00022 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW RATANAWORABHAN, NC AF WIRTH, WW RATANAWORABHAN, NC TI 2 NEW ORIENTAL SPECIES OF ATRICHOPOGON RELATED TO A JACOBSONI (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO ORIENTAL INSECTS LA English DT Article AB The Atrichopogon jacobsoni Species Group is diagnosed and a key is presented to distinguish the seven known species, which occur in the Oriental and Australasian Regions. The common and widespread species, Atrichopogon jacobsoni (de Meijiere), is redescribed and its habits are summarized. Two new species are described: Atrichopogon carinatus from West Malaysia, and A. sinuosus from six countries in Southeast Asia. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS PI GAINESVILLE PA PO BOX 140103, GAINESVILLE, FL 32614-0103 SN 0030-5316 J9 ORIENT INSECTS JI Orient. Insects PY 1992 VL 26 BP 265 EP 274 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HP234 UT WOS:A1992HP23400016 ER PT J AU GUNDERSON, D AF GUNDERSON, D TI AN OVERVIEW OF PRESS-DRYING, IMPULSE-DRYING, AND CONDEBELT-DRYING CONCEPTS SO PAPERI JA PUU-PAPER AND TIMBER LA English DT Article DE CONDEBELT; DELAMINATION; DRIER; IMPULSE DRYING; PATENT; PRESS DRYING; 2 SIDEDNESS AB This overview paper addresses the basic concepts that initiated and still underlie research in press-drying, condensing-belt, and impulse-drying means. The author sees press-drying development stalled, for lack of research of sufficient focus and scope to yield a definitive process model, apparatus design, and economic assessment. He interprets patent activity and reports from Tampella as suggesting that Condebelt development continues to progress and discusses ongoing work in impulse-drying development in three areas: Validity of the blow-through mechanism, web delamination, and two sidedness of the dried sheet. The eventual, successful development of advanced drying systems is predicted based on an amalgamation of the three areas. RP GUNDERSON, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORT PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FINNISH PAPER TIMBER PI HELSINKI HELSINGFORS 14 PA PIETARINKATU 1 C PETERSGATAN BOX 176, 00141 HELSINKI HELSINGFORS 14, FINLAND SN 0031-1243 J9 PAP PUU-PAP TIM JI Pap. Ja Puu-Pap. Timber PY 1992 VL 74 IS 5 BP 412 EP 418 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA HX558 UT WOS:A1992HX55800012 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP PETERS, D BROWN, C AF DUBEY, JP PETERS, D BROWN, C TI AN UNIDENTIFIED TOXOPLASMA-LIKE TISSUE CYST-FORMING COCCIDIUM IN A CAT (FELIS-CATUS) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GONDII; MICE AB An unidentified coccidium was found in the brain and the heart of a 6-year-old female cat. Tissue cysts measured 40-130 x 40-112-mu-m and contained hundreds of bradyzoites measuring 4.2-5.2 x 1.2-1.8-mu-m. The cyst wall was 0.26-0.53-mu-m thick. Tissue cysts reacted positively with anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum but not with anti-Neospora caninum serum in an immunohistochemical test. Ultrastructurally, the cyst was aseptate and contained banana-shaped bradyzoites. Micronemes and rhoptries in bradyzoites were unlike those found in T. gondii bradyzoites. In the unidentified coccidium, the micronemes were arranged in rows and the rhoptries extended from the anterior tip to the posterior end. C1 USA,INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 78 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1007/BF00936179 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GT068 UT WOS:A1992GT06800007 PM 1584745 ER PT J AU ZU, SX FANG, GD FAYER, R GUERRANT, RL AF ZU, SX FANG, GD FAYER, R GUERRANT, RL TI CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS - PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNOLOGY SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; NEUTRALIZATION-SENSITIVE EPITOPES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PARVUM SPOROZOITES; NEONATAL CALVES; INFECTION; MICE; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY AB Cryptosporidium parvum is on increasingly recognized agent or intestinal infection in normol and immunocompromised humans, and in many other animals. The intraepithelial cell infection results in villous atrophy, mild submucosal inflammation, reduction of brush-border enzymes and a characteristic persistent watery diarrhea. The infection is self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts, probably because of specific acquired immunity: specific serum and secretory antibody responses develop that may be required for clearance and protection against reinfection. Passive milk antibody, especially if in high titers, may be partially protective but severe, persistent infection in athymic rodents and humans with AIDS demonstrate that T cells are essential for controlling the infection. Specific antibodies and lymphocyte extracts have been tested in cases of cryptosporidiosis but the interpretation of the results remains controversial. Here, Shu-Xian Zu, Guo-Dong Fang Ronald Fayer and Richard Guerrant emphasize that effective treatment and prevention remain dependent on advances in our understanding of the host cell-parasite relation ship. C1 ANHUI MED UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY MED,HEFEI 230032,PEOPLES R CHINA. PEIKING UNION MED COLL HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BEIJING 100730,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ZU, SX (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908, USA. NR 56 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JAN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(92)90307-N PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GZ835 UT WOS:A1992GZ83500009 PM 15463522 ER PT J AU BOMFORD, AB MUNRO, HN AF BOMFORD, AB MUNRO, HN TI FERRITIN GENE-EXPRESSION IN HEALTH AND MALIGNANCY SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FERRITIN GENES; TRANSCRIPTION; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; PEROXIDATION; MALIGNANCY; CYTOKINE ACTIONS; INTERLEUKIN-1 (IL-1); TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) ID IRON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; HUMAN-LEUKEMIC CELLS; HEAVY-SUBUNIT; UNTRANSLATED REGION; BINDING-PROTEIN; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; DNA-SYNTHESIS AB Intracellular iron can be stored in the protein shell of ferritin to protect the cell against the toxic action of the iron. In response to increased cell iron, more ferritin subunits are synthesized using translational and transcriptional mechanisms. Translational control involves a unique stem-loop structure in the 5' untranslated region of the subunit messengers. When iron level is low, a protein binds to this stem-loop structure and prevents translation. When intracellular iron level rises, the repressor protein is discharged and the large population of messengers begins to translate subunits. Similar stem-loop motifs occur in the 3' untranslated region of the transferrin receptor messenger where they regulate breakdown of the receptor mRNA. Finally, the presence of excess iron preferentially stimulates transcription of more ferritin message of one type (L-mRNA) which produces ferritin shells favoring iron storage. In this way, protection of the cell against iron excess is enhanced by coordinate changes in rate of synthesis of ferritin mRNA of the L-type, by release of ferritin mRNA stored in the cytoplasm, and by a reduction in the number of receptors for accepting iron into the cell. The application of these principles with reference to malignant cells is discussed. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES AGING TUFTS,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,SCH MED & DENT,LIVER UNIT,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. NR 61 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1159/000163691 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA HB319 UT WOS:A1992HB31900003 PM 1543545 ER PT J AU FUERST, EP LAMOUREUX, GL AF FUERST, EP LAMOUREUX, GL TI MODE OF ACTION OF THE DICHLOROACETAMIDE ANTIDOTE BAS-145-138 IN CORN .2. EFFECTS ON METABOLISM, ABSORPTION, AND MOBILITY OF METAZACHLOR SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM; METOLACHLOR; SHOOTS C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90075-B PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GV140 UT WOS:A1992GV14000009 ER PT B AU SHASHA, BS MCGUIRE, MR AF SHASHA, BS MCGUIRE, MR BE BODE, LE CHASIN, DG TI STARCH MATRICES FOR SLOW RELEASE OF PESTICIDES SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS : 11TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS CY NOV 14-15, 1991 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM PESTICIDES DE STARCH; ENCAPSULATION; BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES RP SHASHA, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING AND MATERIALS PI PHILADELPHIA PA PHILADELPHIA BN 0-8031-1414-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1992 VL 1112 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1520/STP16869S PG 8 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81N UT WOS:A1992BV81N00004 ER PT B AU WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM AF WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM BE BODE, LE CHASIN, DG TI STARCH ENCAPSULATED HERBICIDE FORMULATIONS - SCALE-UP AND LABORATORY EVALUATIONS SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS : 11TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS CY NOV 14-15, 1991 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM PESTICIDES DE STARCH; ENCAPSULATION; HERBICIDES; SLOW RELEASE; GROUNDWATER RP WING, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING AND MATERIALS PI PHILADELPHIA PA PHILADELPHIA BN 0-8031-1414-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1992 VL 1112 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1520/STP16870S PG 7 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81N UT WOS:A1992BV81N00005 ER PT B AU FRAVEL, DR LEWIS, JA AF FRAVEL, DR LEWIS, JA BE BODE, LE CHASIN, DG TI PRODUCTION, FORMULATION AND DELIVERY OF BENEFICIAL MICROBES FOR BIOCONTROL OF PLANT-PATHOGENS SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS : 11TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS CY NOV 14-15, 1991 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM PESTICIDES DE BIOCONTROL AGENTS; MICROBIAL PEST CONTROL AGENTS RP FRAVEL, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING AND MATERIALS PI PHILADELPHIA PA PHILADELPHIA BN 0-8031-1414-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1992 VL 1112 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1520/STP16880S PG 7 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81N UT WOS:A1992BV81N00015 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB SHERMAN, TD DUKE, MV FISHER, JD MUSCO, VA BECERRIL, JM DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB SHERMAN, TD DUKE, MV FISHER, JD MUSCO, VA BECERRIL, JM DUKE, SO TI CORRELATION OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE INHIBITION BY O-PHENYL PYRROLIDINO-CARBAMATES AND PIPERIDINO-CARBAMATES WITH THEIR HERBICIDAL EFFECTS SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; IX; CUCUMBER; ACCUMULATION; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; MODE AB Phenopylate (2,4-dichlorophenyl 1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate) and 13 of its O-phenyl pyrrolidino- and piperidino-carbamate analogues were tested for their capacity to inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox), to cause accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), and to cause herbicidal injury. All 14 compounds inhibited Protox of barley etioplast preparations. The I50 values ranged from 21 nm to 4 mm. Highly significant correlations were found between Protox I50 values and herbicidal activity of the more active of the compounds on greenhouse-grown weeds (pitted morningglory, barnyardgrass, prickly sida, and velvetleaf), pre- and/or post-emergence, and on cucumber cotyledon discs or barley leaf sections in cellular leakage bioassays. Proto IX accumulation in barley leaf sections treated with any of the 14 compounds correlated well with both the I50 values for Protox inhibition and with herbicidal damage to the tissue sections. These data indicate most or all of the herbicidal damage caused by these compounds is due to inhibition of Protox. C1 USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, POB 350, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. ROHM & HAAS CO, SPRING HOUSE, PA 19477 USA. UNIV BASQUE COUNTRY, FAC CIENCIAS, DEPT BIOL VEGETAL & ECOL, E-48080 BILBAO, SPAIN. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1002/ps.2780350306 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA JK720 UT WOS:A1992JK72000005 ER PT J AU NEDBAL, L WHITMARSH, J AF NEDBAL, L WHITMARSH, J TI PHOTOSYSTEM-2 REACTION CENTERS INACTIVE IN PLASTOQUINONE POOL REDUCTION - A BRIEF OVERVIEW SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON PHOTOINHIBITION CY AUG 22-23, 1991 CL CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA SP FEDERAT EUROPEAN SOC PLANT PHYSIOL, SWEIZERICHER NATIONALFONDS FORDENUNG WISSESSENSCH FORSCH, BREWERY TREBON ID II REACTION CENTERS; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; CHLOROPLASTS; COMPLEXES; TURNOVER; SPINACH; BETA AB Photosystem 2 (PS 2) reaction centers inactive in plastoquinone pool reduction are present in isolated thylakoid membranes, intact chloroplasts, and leaves of dark-adapted plants. Here we describe our recent work investigating the physical and physiological properties that distinguish inactive from active centers. Inactive PS 2 centers are defined by their slow rate of Q(A)- oxidation. They have a competent water oxidation system and constitute about one-third of the total PS 2 present in dark-adapted leaves and thylakoid membranes. Their effective absorption cross section for radiant energy utilization is half that of active PS 2 centers. Irradiation modifies inactive PS 2 centers in leaves and thylakoid membranes. The modification is manifested by a 50 % decline of their variable fluorescence and of their contribution to the electrochromic shift. In leaves the light-induced modification is reversible in the dark, whereas it is irreversible in thylakoid membranes. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP NEDBAL, L (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,197 PABL,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1992 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MC745 UT WOS:A1992MC74500004 ER PT J AU CAULFIELD, F BRITZ, SJ BUNCE, JA AF CAULFIELD, F BRITZ, SJ BUNCE, JA TI SHADE SPECTRAL QUALITY AND THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF SOYBEAN LEAVES SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7TH PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORKSHOP : BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS CY 1992 CL EGSDORF, GERMANY ID FAR-RED RADIATION; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; PHYTOCHROME; LIGHT; GROWTH AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Kent] plants were grown outdoors under a canopy of cascading mums and a canopy of a spectrally neutral shade cloth to determine if the spectral quality of shade from vegetation affected the photosynthetic acclimation to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in soybean. The canopies were matched for transmission of PAR and the frequency of sunflecks. The plant canopy transmitted more far-red radiation, and had a quantum flux ratio of red (660 nm) to far-red (730 mn) radiation of 0.25 compared to 1.28 for the cloth canopy. There was no difference between die shade treatments in leaf photosynthetic capacity, the PAR-saturated rate of net carbon dioxide fixation expressed per unit of area, for any of three batches of soybean plants. There were differences between shade treatments in total dry mass accumulation and in hypocotyl length, indicating that the plants perceived and responded to the spectral differences. In soybeans, photosynthetic capacity is less sensitive to the net change in spectrum caused by vegetative shade than are other morphological responses. RP CAULFIELD, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 555 EP 562 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK206 UT WOS:A1992LK20600008 ER PT J AU PARE, PW MISCHKE, CF EDWARDS, R DIXON, RA NORMAN, HA MABRY, TJ AF PARE, PW MISCHKE, CF EDWARDS, R DIXON, RA NORMAN, HA MABRY, TJ TI INDUCTION OF PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY ENZYMES IN ELICITOR-TREATED CULTURES OF CEPHALOCEREUS-SENILIS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CEPHALOCEREUS-SENILIS; CACTACEAE; AURONE; PHYTOALEXIN; ENZYME INDUCTION; SUSPENSION CULTURE; HPLC ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; BIOSYNTHESIS; DROSOPHILA AB Treatment of old-man-cactus (Cephalocereus senilis) suspension cultures with chitin elicits synthesis of an aurone phytoalexin, cephalocerone. Elicitor-induced de novo synthesis of cephalocerone was demonstrated by incubating elicited cactus cultures with [H-3]phenylalanine; this resulted in the labelling of five induced phenolic compounds including cephalocerone. Increased extractable activities of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) accompanied the synthesis of cephalocerone. CHS and PAL, which are both involved in the biosynthesis of cephalocerone, showed maximum activity at 12 and 24 hr post-elicitation, respectively. CHS and CHI activities catalysing the synthesis and subsequent isomerization of 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone were present in the cell cultures, consistent with the formation of cephalocerone via a chalcone with no B-ring substituents. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT BOT,AUSTIN,TX 78713. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN INC,DIV PLANT BIOL,ARDMORE,OK 73402. RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83024-F PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GZ495 UT WOS:A1992GZ49500023 ER PT J AU AUNG, LH RIJ, RE FOUSE, DC LINDEGREN, JE AF AUNG, LH RIJ, RE FOUSE, DC LINDEGREN, JE TI POSTHARVEST FRUIT RESPIRATION AND SOLUBLE SUGARS CHANGES OF SECHIUM-EDULE SWARTZ SO PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID CUCURBITACEAE; CHAYOTE; SW AB The respiration and soluble sugars of chayote fruit were determined under various postharvest temperatures. The respiration rate expressed as CO2 produced was 3-4 mg CO2 kg . h-1 at 5 C compared to 6-8 mg CO2 kg . h-1 at 15 C and 20-25 mg CO2 kg . h-1 at 25 C during the initial 12 days of storage. Chayote exhibited an accelerated peak in respiration after transfer of fruit stored at 5 C or 15 C to 25 C. The respiratory quotient of chayote fruit was 0.74 +/- 0.01. The Q10 for fruit stored at 5 C or 15 C was 2.0 and at 25 C was 3.0. Total soluble sugars content was significantly higher in fruit stored at 5 C than 15 or 25 C. Fructose and glucose constituted over 90% of the soluble sugars of chayote mesocarp tissue regardless of storage temperature. In contrast, raffinose and sucrose contents were higher in the cotyledons and seed-coat than other organs of the sprouted fruit. RP AUNG, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUNDACION ROMULO RAGGIO PI VICENTE LOPEZ (BA) PA GASPAR CAMPOS 861, 1638 VICENTE LOPEZ (BA), ARGENTINA SN 0031-9457 J9 PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT JI Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot. PY 1992 VL 53 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KB622 UT WOS:A1992KB62200009 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO AF DUKE, SO TI WEED SCIENCE - THE NEED AND THE REALITY SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROTEIN RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1007/BF02980839 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JC548 UT WOS:A1992JC54800001 ER PT J AU LIU, HY COHEN, S DUFFUS, JE AF LIU, HY COHEN, S DUFFUS, JE TI THE USE OF ISOZYME PATTERNS TO DISTINGUISH SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY (BEMISIA-TABACI) BIOTYPES SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE ISOZYME PATTERNS; ESTERASE; BIOTYPES; BEMISIA-TABACI; SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY ID ELECTROPHORESIS; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; ESTERASES; VIRUS AB Recent collections of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from California desert regions represent a mixture of biotypes. One biotype was identical to a culture originally obtained in 1981 and since maintained in the laboratory. The other and most prevalent biotype could not be distinguished morphologically but could be distinguished by esterase isozyme banding patterns. The banding patterns of the biotypes were not affected by culturing the whiteflies on different plant species. Different developmental stages, and adults of both sexes, had the same isozyme patterns. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP LIU, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1007/BF02980840 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JC548 UT WOS:A1992JC54800002 ER PT J AU SHIFRISS, C PILOWSKY, M ZACKS, JM AF SHIFRISS, C PILOWSKY, M ZACKS, JM TI RESISTANCE TO LEVEILLULA-TAURICA MILDEW (=OIDIOPSIS-TAURICA) IN CAPSICUM-ANNUUM SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; LEVEILLULA-TAURICA MILDEW; OIDIOPSIS-TAURICA; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE AB Several studies of Leveillula taurica have been carried out in India, France, Israel and the USA. This report describes a promising source of L. taurica resistance that can be incorporated into Mediterranean pepper cultivars. The present data suggest that full resistance depends on three pairs of genes. C1 USDA ARS,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. RP SHIFRISS, C (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT PLANT GENET,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1007/BF02980848 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT604 UT WOS:A1992JT60400002 ER PT J AU DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME AF DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DISEASES - A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE TO THE USE OF SYNTHETIC FUNGICIDES SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ANGLO / ISRAELI SYMP ON NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES TO CROP PROTECTION IN HORTICULTURE CY MAR 23-27, 1992 CL HORT RES INT, WELLESBOURNE, ENGLAND SP BRIT COUNCIL HO HORT RES INT ID DEBARYOMYCES-HANSENII; BIOCONTROL; ROT AB Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables cause serious losses of fresh produce. world-wide. Most rot pathogens are controlled by various methods such as refrigeration, controlled atmosphere and fungicides. Biological control strategies are emerging as promising alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides. Several antagonistic microorganisms have been found that can effectively inhibit postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP DROBY, S (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST TECHNOL & STORAGE AGR PROD,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 1992 VL 20 SU S BP S149 EP S153 DI 10.1007/BF02980427 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KH100 UT WOS:A1992KH10000029 ER PT J AU HESS, CE AF HESS, CE TI NEW CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HESS, CE (reprint author), USDA,SCI & EDUC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GY391 UT WOS:A1992GY39100004 ER PT J AU BIGGS, AR MILES, NW BELL, RL AF BIGGS, AR MILES, NW BELL, RL TI HERITABILITY OF SUBERIN ACCUMULATION IN WOUNDED PEACH BARK SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUCOSTOMA-PERSOONII; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; CINCTA AB Controlled reciprocal crosses among peach clones V68101, V68051, and New Jersey Cling 95 (NJC95) were performed during spring 1985. Parental clones and seedlings from the crosses were planted at two sites in May 1986. Wounding studies were conducted during June 1989 to quantify suberin accumulation in healthy phloem/cortex tissues adjacent to the wound site. Differences in suberin accumulation among the three parent clones were significant, whereas all environmental sources of variation and their interactions with parent clones were not significant. Suberization of V68101 was significantly greater than that of NJC95 and V68051, which did not differ from each other. Suberization responses in the three families involving V68101 were not significantly different from each other, and the remaining three families also were not significantly different from each other. The full-sib family heritability of 0.93 +/- 0.31 reflects the significance of differences among full-sib family means. For hybrids, the individual tree heritability of 0.56 +/- 0.24 indicates that approximately 55% of the phenotypic variability is accounted for by genotype. Genetic factors are sufficiently large to allow for selection for increased suberization response. C1 HORT RES INST ONTARIO,VINELAND STN L0R 2E0,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES LAB,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP BIGGS, AR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,UNIV EXPTL FARM,POB 609,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-83 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GY391 UT WOS:A1992GY39100012 ER PT J AU COHEN, S DUFFUS, JE LIU, HY AF COHEN, S DUFFUS, JE LIU, HY TI A NEW BEMISIA-TABACI BIOTYPE IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND ITS ROLE IN SILVERLEAF OF SQUASH AND TRANSMISSION OF LETTUCE INFECTIOUS YELLOWS VIRUS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; GEMINIVIRUS AB Collections of Bemisia tabaci from California desert regions have been shown to be a mixture of biotypes. These whitefly biotypes differ in a number of ways including their ability to induce silverleaf of squash. The physiological differences of the newly found whitefly biotype, including host preference, larval development, transmission of lettuce infectious yellows virus, and the induction of silverleaf symptoms, clearly distinguish it from the previously occurring biotype. Silverleaf of squash was induced by nymphal feeding activity-, however, the physiological condition of the host as influenced by light intensity, quality, and duration are important factors in silverleaf expression. Differences between the whitefly biotypes in induction of silverleaf are quantitative and qualitative. Double-stranded RNA bands were not detected from nymph-infested leaves or from silverleaf symptomatic tissue, suggesting that whitefly-induced silverleaf in California is similar to a systemic phytotoxemia. C1 USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. NR 13 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-86 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GY391 UT WOS:A1992GY39100013 ER PT J AU BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL KENNETH, RG VERMEULEN, HD SUMARTINI BUSTAMAN, M AF BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL KENNETH, RG VERMEULEN, HD SUMARTINI BUSTAMAN, M TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CONIDIAL GERMINATION AND SYSTEMIC INFECTION OF MAIZE BY PERONOSCLEROSPORA SPECIES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWNY MILDEW; P-PHILIPPINENSIS; SACCHARI; SORGHI; SPORULATION; GRAMINEAE AB Peronosclerospora maydis from Java, Indonesia, and the maize strain of P. sorghi from Thailand, both apparently infective only to maize, and P. philippinensis from the Philippines had very broad optimum temperature ranges for germination (at least 10-30 C) and germ tube growth (18-30 C); they produced large numbers of conidia from 18 to 23 C (the optimum temperature for sporulation) in presence of dew for 5-6 h. P. maydis usually, and the maize strain of P. sorghi always, caused high levels of systemic infection from 8 to 36 C. P. philippinensis consistently had less systemic infection with dew periods at the lower temperatures of 10-16 C. This lower systemic infection for P. philippinensis is similar to that previously reported for P. sacchari, an organism we believe to be conspecific with P. philippinensis. The sorghum strain of P. sorghi (true P. sorghi), common in many countries on sorghum and/or maize but not found in Thailand or Java, was characterized by a relatively narrow optimum temperature range for germination (about 12-20 C), relatively short germ tubes at the optimum temperature for germ tube growth, and low amounts of systemic infection at temperatures less than about 15 C and greater than 30 C. C1 RES INST PLANT PROTECT,TECH AID PROJECTS,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. MALANG RES INST FOOD CROPS,MALANG,INDONESIA. BOGOR RES INST FOOD CROPS,BOGOR,INDONESIA. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP BONDE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-104 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GY391 UT WOS:A1992GY39100016 ER PT J AU JLIBENE, M GUSTAFSON, JP RAJARAM, S AF JLIBENE, M GUSTAFSON, JP RAJARAM, S TI A FIELD DISEASE EVALUATION METHOD FOR SELECTING WHEATS RESISTANT TO MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; SEPTORIA-TRITICI; BLOTCH DISEASE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SELECTION METHODS; NECROTIC LEAF AREA; PLOT TEST; INDIVIDUAL PLANT SCORES ID SEPTORIA LEAF BLOTCH; DURUM-WHEAT; TRITICI AB Reliable and efficient methods of selection are important for improving disease resistance. Three methods of field assessment of the Septoria tritici blotch disease, caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter, were compared to identify the most reliable for selecting resistant wheats, Triticum aestivum L. Nine cultivars which differed in disease reaction to plant height and maturity, and their progenies from several generations were used. The methods consisted of scoring chlorotic and necrotic leaf area covered with pycnidia on the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf (flag leaf-1) as percent of the total leaf area, on a plant-basis, and the percent necrosis visually estimated on a plot-basis. Plot data were greatly influenced by environmental changes leading to inconsistent genetic results. The flag leaf and flag leaf-1 methods provided the most precise consistent results. The use of the flag leaf-1 method is suggested for selection. C1 INT WHEAT & MAIZE IMPROVEMENT CTR,MEXICO CITY 06600,DF,MEXICO. NATL INST AGR RES,CTR ARIDOCULTURE,SETTAT,MOROCCO. RP JLIBENE, M (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 108 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA HJ835 UT WOS:A1992HJ83500004 ER PT B AU BAENZIGER, PS PETERSON, CJ AF BAENZIGER, PS PETERSON, CJ BE STALKER, HT MURPHY, JP TI GENETIC-VARIATION - ITS ORIGIN AND USE FOR BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPECIES SO PLANT BREEDING IN THE 1990S LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PLANT BREEDING IN THE 1990S CY MAR, 1991 CL N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO N CAROLINA STATE UNIV RP BAENZIGER, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD BN 0-85198-717-6 PY 1992 BP 69 EP 92 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BV43M UT WOS:A1992BV43M00004 ER PT J AU UYEMOTO, JK SCOTT, SW AF UYEMOTO, JK SCOTT, SW TI IMPORTANT DISEASES OF PRUNUS CAUSED BY VIRUSES AND OTHER GRAFT-TRANSMISSIBLE PATHOGENS IN CALIFORNIA AND SOUTH-CAROLINA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS; X-DISEASE; SWEET CHERRY; PEACH; TREES; ROOTSTOCKS; BROWNLINE; ETIOLOGY; BODIES; AGENT C1 CLEMSON UNIV,SANDHILL RES & EDUC CTR,COLUMBIA,SC. RP UYEMOTO, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900001 ER PT J AU BRUMFIELD, SKZ CARROLL, TW GRAY, SM AF BRUMFIELD, SKZ CARROLL, TW GRAY, SM TI BIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 3 MONTANA RMV-LIKE ISOLATES OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CORN LEAF APHID; HOST-PLANT; SPECIFICITY; KARYOTYPE AB Three Montana (MT) RMV-like isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) collected from Choteau (MT-RMV-C), Fort Ellis (MT-RMV-FE), and Valier (MT-RMV-V) were characterized on the basis of transmission, virulence, serology, and cross-protection studies. Aphid transmission characteristics of MT RMV-like isolates were determined and compared with those of New York (NY) RMV, SGV, RPV, PAV, and MAV isolates. Aphid vectors tested were Rhopalosiphum maidis, collected at four locations in Montana, and the NY biotypes of R. maidis, Schizaphis graminum, R. padi, and Sitobion avenae. Two different populations of each MT R. maidis karyotype, 2n = 8, which is predominant on corn, and 2n = 10, which colonizes barley, were used as vectors in this study. Although both karyotypes were efficient vectors of MT RMV-like isolates, there were differences in transmission efficiency between each of the four populations. Unlike NY-RMV, which is transmitted efficiently only by R. maidis, all MT RMV-like isolates were transmitted efficiently by R. maidis and S. graminum, two were occasionally transmitted by R. padi, and none were transmitted by S. avenae. MT RMV-like isolates were similar to NY-RMV isolates in that they reacted with NY-RMV immunoglobulin but not with NY-SGV, NY-RPV, NY-PAV, or NY-MAV immunoglobulins in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MT RMV-like isolates were more virulent in oats than either NY-RMV or NY-SGV. MT-RMV-C and MT-RMV-V isolates were each used individually in cross-protection experiments to determine if either could cross-protect against NY-SGV in oats. Little or no cross-protection was found. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14850. RP BRUMFIELD, SKZ (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900006 ER PT J AU TOFTE, JE SMITH, RR GRAU, CR AF TOFTE, JE SMITH, RR GRAU, CR TI REACTION OF RED-CLOVER TO APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING ALFALFA AB Aphanomyces euteiches is an economically important root rot pathogen of pea (Pisum sativum). Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is known to be a host but expresses low susceptibility to A. euteiches. Recently, an isolate (Ae-572) of A. euteiches was observed to be highly virulent on red clover. A seedling assay was used to characterize the reaction of red clover to A. euteiches (isolate Ae-572). One-week-old red clover is most susceptible to A. euteiches. Two- and 3-wk-old seedlings were significantly less susceptible. A reduction in forage dry matter and root weight of inoculated plants was observed at 5 and 8 wk of age. An inoculum concentration of 333 zoospores per milliliter at 24 C was optimum to determine the reaction of red clover to A. euteiches. Tetraploid red clover developed by asexual or sexual methods was not significantly different from diploid red clover in its reaction to A. euteiches. No common cultivars of red clover adapted for the northern Midwest have a high level of resistance to the isolate Ae-572 of A. euteiches. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,MADISON,WI. RP TOFTE, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900007 ER PT J AU BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM AF BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM TI EFFECTS OF INOCULUM DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE ON ROOT-ROT AND WILT OF CHICKPEA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID THIELAVIOPSIS-BASICOLA; DAMPING-OFF; PYTHIUM; SOILS AB A large-seeded kabuli chickpea (cv. Burpee 5043) and a small-seeded desi chickpea (cv. JG-62) were grown at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C) with a range of inoculum densities of four root pathogens. Root rot or wilt increased with increased inoculum levels of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, Pythium ultimum, and Thielaviopsis basicola. F. o. ciceris was equally pathogenic to both cultivars, and wilt severity did not increase with increased inoculum levels of 10(4) or 10(5) microconidia and macroconidia per milliliter. However, wilt symptoms were less severe at 10, 15, and 20 C than at 25 and 30 C. Similarly, F. s. pisi caused the most root and hypocotyl necrosis on both cultivars at 30 C. At 10, 15, or 20 C, however, the pathogen caused very little disease on cultivar JG-62. Thielaviopsis and Fusarium root rots were most severe when plants were grown at 30 C and exposed to 5,000 cfu/g of T. basicola and F. s. pisi. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE & FORAGE CROPS PROD,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP BHATTI, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900010 ER PT J AU BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM AF BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM TI REACTION OF SELECTED CHICKPEA LINES TO FUSARIUM AND THIELAVIOPSIS ROOT ROTS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Forty selected chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars or breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi or Thielaviopsis basicola. Disease severity was higher in two different trials in the greenhouse at 25 +/- 3 C than at 22 +/- 3 C. Disease severity, rated on a 1-9 scale where 1 = a healthy plant and 9 = a dead plant, ranged from 4.1 to 9.0 at the low temperature and from 7.8 to 9.0 at the high temperature. Although none of the 40 lines was completely resistant to F. s. pisi at either temperature, 10 desi (small-seeded) lines were resistant (mean disease index = 3 or less) to root rot caused by T. basicola. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE & FORAGE CROPS PROD,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP BHATTI, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900011 ER PT J AU KLEIN, RE WYATT, SD KAISER, WJ MINK, GI AF KLEIN, RE WYATT, SD KAISER, WJ MINK, GI TI COMPARATIVE IMMUNOASSAYS OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS IN INDIVIDUAL BEAN (PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS) SEED AND BULKED BEAN SEED SAMPLES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GERMPLASM; ELISA; BCMV; COLLECTION; STRAINS AB Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) or polyclonal antiserum (PC) and dot immunoassay using a MAb were compared for the detection of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in seed of Phaseolus from the U.S. Department of Agriculture germ plasm collection. A small portion of seed coat, testa, and cotyledon was removed from each of 270 seeds and tested for BCMV in each of the three assays. The seeds were then planted and the resultant seedlings were tested for BCMV by ELISA:MAb. ELISA:MAb proved to be the most accurate technique for BCMV detection in individual seed. Further tests by ELISA:MAb on 1,350 seeds indicated that an effective ELISA threshold could not be established because of erratic virus distribution in the individual seed parts. An indirect ELISA using six samples of flour prepared from eight seeds each per seed lot was developed to predictively estimate the incidence of BCMV-infected seedlings in germ plasm accessions. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KLEIN, RE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900012 ER PT J AU UYEMOTO, JK ASAI, WK LUHN, CF AF UYEMOTO, JK ASAI, WK LUHN, CF TI ILARVIRUSES - EVIDENCE FOR RAPID SPREAD AND EFFECTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FRUIT YIELDS OF PEACH-TREES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Over a 4-yr period, the incidence of trees infected by prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (NRSV) in two young peach (Prunus persica) orchards progressed from 27 to 94% in one subplot and from zero to 72% in the other. For trees infected with peach stunt disease (PSD = infections by PDV and NRSV), fruit production, trunk diameter, and tree height were reduced by an average of 30, 23, and 12%, respectively, over 3 yr. Single virus infections by NRSV, but not PDV, also significantly affected tree growth and fruit yield. Honeybees tested positive for both viruses and are likely involved in transporting virus-contaminated pollen to healthy trees. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,COOPERAT EXTENS,MODESTO,CA 95355. RP UYEMOTO, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900016 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD HARTWIG, EE AF YOUNG, LD HARTWIG, EE TI CROPPING SEQUENCE EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN AND HETERODERA-GLYCINES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CYST NEMATODE; RESISTANT SOYBEANS; CULTIVARS; REPRODUCTION; SELECTION AB Nine soybean (Glycine max) cropping sequences were compared for 11 yr in a field infested with the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. Continuous cropping sequences included six soybean lines resistant to race 3 (Bedford, Forrest, Nathan, Peking, D72-8927, and D75-10710) with varying levels of resistance to race 4 and a 70:30 Bedford/ Forrest (susceptible to this SCN population) blend. Two rotations, Bedford with corn (Zea mays) and Bedford with susceptible Forrest and Essex, were the other treatments. The most notable effect of continuous cropping of resistant soybean was the increased reproduction of the SCN population on resistant, Bedford relative to reproduction on susceptible Essex. The increase in the ability to reproduce on Bedford was less in the continuously planted blend treatment and rotation of Bedford with Forrest and Essex than with continuously planted Bedford. Yield of continuously cropped resistant Bedford was significantly less than that of Bedford in rotation with corn in only one of two treatments with this rotation when compared over the 11-yr period. Yield of Bedford in rotation with Forrest and Essex was not greater than that of continuously cropped Bedford. In most years, continuously cropped Bedford had higher yield than continuously cropped Forrest. Cyst population density did not increase over time in plots of continuously grown Bedford, which may explain the lack of yield suppression. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,605 AIRWAYS BLVD,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900018 ER PT J AU KRUPINSKY, JM AF KRUPINSKY, JM TI AGGRESSIVENESS OF ISOLATES OF PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS OBTAINED FROM WHEAT IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DRECHSLERA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; TAN SPOT; YELLOW LEAF SPOT ID TAN SPOT; WINTER WHEATS; VIRULENCE; GROWTH; PATHOGENICITY; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS AB Eighty-four isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected from fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat. All isolates were pathogenic. Different levels of aggressiveness were detected among isolates when randomly compared. Isolates with apparent-high levels of aggressiveness were found to be widespread over the region, whereas isolates with apparent-low levels of aggressiveness were detected at a lesser frequency. When compared in the same study, apparent-high and apparent-low aggressive isolates were statistically separated from one another. Differences among cultivars were detected when randomly selected isolates were used or when isolates with similar or different levels of aggressiveness were used. Cultivar effects were significant in 96% (44 of 46) of the analyses of variance. In the same tests, the cultivar X isolate interactions generally were not significant. The nonsignificance of the cultivar X isolate interaction in 91% (42 of 46) of the analyses indicated a general lack of specific interaction. This lack of specific interaction was interpreted to mean that the 84 isolates of P. tritici-repentis tested have different levels of aggressiveness and are not regarded as biotypes or races with physiologic specialization. RP KRUPINSKY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900021 ER PT J AU KRUPINSKY, JM AF KRUPINSKY, JM TI GRASS HOSTS OF PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DRECHSLERA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; TAN SPOT; YELLOW LEAF SPOT ID BROMUS-INERMIS; WINTER WHEATS; SPOT; TRICHOSTOMA AB Sixty-two isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis were obtained from diseased leaves collected from 25 grass species. Nine species were previously unreported hosts, including Agropyron fragile subsp. sibiricum (Siberian wheatgrass), Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (sand bluestem), Bromus biebersteinii (meadow brome), Festuca ovina (sheep fescue), Koeleria pyramidata (June grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Setaria viridis (green foxtail) Stipa comata (needle-and-thread), and Thinopyrum ponticum (tall wheatgrass). All isolate; from grass hosts produced symptoms on detached seedling leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and were considered pathogenic. Significant isolate effects in all analyses were interpreted to indicate that isolates from the grass hosts differed in their ability to cause disease symptoms on wheat. A number of isolates from grass hosts were as aggressive as a wheat isolate. Cultivar effects were significant in 86% of the analyses, indicating that differences in symptom response among wheat cultivars were detected when tested with isolates from the grass hosts. However, the cultivar X isolate interaction was nonsignificant in 86% of the analyses, indicating a lack of specific interaction between isolates and cultivars. RP KRUPINSKY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW089 UT WOS:A1992GW08900022 ER PT J AU BERHOW, MA VANDERCOOK, CE AF BERHOW, MA VANDERCOOK, CE TI THE REDUCTION OF NARINGIN CONTENT OF GRAPEFRUIT BY APPLICATIONS OF GIBBERELLIC-ACID SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE CITRUS; GRAPEFRUIT; GROWTH REGULATORS; FLAVONOIDS; NARINGIN ACCUMULATION ID CITRUS; TISSUES; GROWTH AB Four different plant growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA3), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA), were individually mixed in a lanolin paste and applied to immature fruit on grapefruit trees beginning soon after fruit set. The treated fruit was allowed to mature on the tree. Application of 1000 ppm GA3 in this manner generally increased fruit size, decreased the concentration of the total acid in the juice and decreased the concentration of naringin in the juice sacs compared to that of the controls. GA3 increased the total soluble solids (brix) in the juice in some experiments. Treatment of fruit with 1000 ppm ABA and BA significantly decreased the size of the fruit and increased the naringin concentration, but had variable effects on the soluble solids content and the acid content. Treatment with 1000 ppm NAA did not produce any significant changes in size, acid content, brix or naringin concentration. RP BERHOW, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1007/BF00024437 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HF245 UT WOS:A1992HF24500012 ER PT J AU DENG, XW QUAIL, PH AF DENG, XW QUAIL, PH TI GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF COP-1 MUTANTS OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHISM LINKAGE MAP; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; PHYTOCHROME; LIGHT; RESPONSIVENESS; EXPRESSION AB Ten Arabidopsis lines that carry recessive mutations in the cop 1 (constitutively photomorphogenic) locus have been isolated. These lines define at least four different alleles. All of the mutant lines produce dark-grown seedlings that mimic wild-type seedlings grown in the light. The phenotype of the dark-grown mutant seedlings includes: short hypocotyls, open and enlarged cotyledons, accumulation of anthocyanin, cell-type differentiation and chloroplast-like plastid differentiation in cotyledons. Moreover, in more prolonged dark-growth periods the mutants exhibit true leaf development that parallels that in light-grown siblings. The four mutant alleles represent two types of mutations: three alleles (cop 1-1, cop 1-2, and cop 1-3) have severely affected phenotypes whereas one allele (cop 1-4) has a less severe phenotype. Compared to the severe alleles, the cop 1-4 mutant has slightly longer hypocotyls in dark-grown seedlings and does not accumulate abnormal levels of anthocyanin. The cop 1-1/cop 1-4 hybrid seedlings are intermediate in many physiological properties under both dark- and light-growth conditions, relative to the two parents. These results may suggest that the extent of residual cop1 gene activity in the mutants dictates the degree to which the aberrant plant phenotype is expressed. Analysis of plants carrying both cop 1 and hy 1, a mutation that results in a deficiency of active phytochrome, suggests that the cop1 gene product acts downstream of phytochrome. The differentiation of chloroplasts in the roots of light-grown cop1 plants but not in wild-type plants suggests that the wild-type cop 1 gene product also normally plays a role in suppressing chloroplast development in the roots of light-grown plants. To aid the eventual molecular cloning of the cop 1 locus, its chromosomal location has been mapped and a molecular marker that is located about 1 centimorgan away from the cop 1 locus obtained. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 27 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.1992.00083.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC143 UT WOS:A1992HC14300009 ER PT J AU GOWRI, G KENIS, JD INGEMARSSON, B REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH AF GOWRI, G KENIS, JD INGEMARSSON, B REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH TI NITRATE REDUCTASE TRANSCRIPT IS EXPRESSED IN THE PRIMARY RESPONSE OF MAIZE TO ENVIRONMENTAL NITRATE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYCLOHEXIMIDE; LEAF; NITRATE INDUCTION; NITRATE REDUCTASE TRANSCRIPT; ROOT; SCUTELLUM; ZEA-MAYS ID SEMINAL ROOT SYSTEM; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NITRITE REDUCTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAPID INDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING-PROTEIN; LIGHT; AUXIN AB The nitrate induction of NADH:nitrate reductase mRNA in maize roots, scutella and leaves was investigated in the presence and absence of inhibitors of proteins synthesis. In the absence of inhibitors, nitrate treatment caused a fairly rapid (2 to 3 h) increase in the level of the nitrate reductase transcript in all tissues. When cytoplasmic protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, nitrate reductase mRNA was induced by nitrate in all tissues to levels equal to or greater than those found with nitrate treatment alone. Treatment of maize tissues with cycloheximide in the absence of nitrate had only a small effect on the accumulation of the nitrate reductase mRNA. Inhibition of organellar protein synthesis with chloramphenicol also had little or no effect on nitrate-induced nitrate reductase mRNA accumulation in roots and scutella, but did appear to partially inhibit appearance of transcript in leaves. Excision of scutella in the absence of nitrate was sufficient to cause some accumulation of the nitrate reductase transcript. Since cytoplasmic protein synthesis was not required for expression of nitrate reductase transcripts, induction of these transcripts by nitrate is a primary response of maize to this environmental signal. Thus, it appears that the signal transduction system mediating this response is constitutively expressed in roots, scutella and leaves of maize. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,OXFORD,NC 27565. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 46 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1007/BF00018456 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HA344 UT WOS:A1992HA34400006 PM 1731978 ER PT J AU LELIEVRE, JM DICKINSON, CD DICKINSON, LA NIELSEN, NC AF LELIEVRE, JM DICKINSON, CD DICKINSON, LA NIELSEN, NC TI SYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY OF SOYBEAN BETA-CONGLYCININ INVITRO SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BETA-CONGLYCININ; SOYBEAN ID STORAGE PROTEIN PHASEOLIN; DEVELOPING PEA COTYLEDONS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SEED; CLEAVAGE; VULGARIS; SUBUNIT; BODIES; GENES; CDNA AB The construction of SP6-derived expression plasmids that encode normal and modified beta-conglycinin subunits is described. With the exception of an additional methionine at their NH2-terminal ends and the lack of glycans, the normal subunits synthesized at the direction of these plasmids corresponded to mature alpha and beta-subunits isolated from soybean seeds. The subunits assembled into trimers in vitro that were equivalent in size to those formed in vivo. This result shows that the glycans are not required either for protein folding or oligomer assembly. Subunits produced from other plasmids, which had modifications in a highly conserved hydrophobic region in the COOH-terminal end of the subunits, either did not assemble or assembled at an extremely low rate compared to unmodified subunits. Structural changes at the more hydrophilic NH2-terminal end had mixed effects. Several subunits modified in this region assembled into trimers at rates that were either equal or greater than those for normal alpha-subunits. Others assembled less completely than the normal subunits. Our results indicate that the in vitro synthesis and assembly assay will be useful in evaluating structure-function relationships in modified beta-conglycinin subunits. The results also show that structural changes at the NH2-terminal end of the subunits are tolerated to a greater extent than modifications in the hydrophobic conserved region in the COOH-terminal half of the subunits, and this information will be useful in efforts to improve soybean quality. C1 USDA,ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1007/BF00034954 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HB304 UT WOS:A1992HB30400008 PM 1731988 ER PT J AU BAYLEY, CC MORGAN, M DALE, EC OW, DW AF BAYLEY, CC MORGAN, M DALE, EC OW, DW TI EXCHANGE OF GENE ACTIVITY IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS CATALYZED BY THE CRE-LOX SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION SYSTEM SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENETIC ENGINEERING; PHAGE P1; RECOMBINASE; LUCIFERASE; SELECTABLE MARKERS ID FIREFLY LUCIFERASE GENE; FLP RECOMBINASE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; 2-MU CIRCLE; DNA; YEAST; BACTERIOPHAGE-P1; GENOME; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES AB The Cre-lox site-specific recombination system of bacteriophage P1 was used to excise a firefly luciferase (luc) gene which had previously been incorporated into the tobacco genome. The excision event was due to site-specific DNA recombination between two lox sequences flanking the luc gene and was catalyzed by the Cre recombinase introduced by cross-fertilization. Recombination resulted in the fusion of a promoter with a distally located hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) coding sequence and the excision event was monitored as a phenotypic change from expression of luc to expression of hpt. The efficiency of recombination was estimated from the exchange of gene activity and confirmed by molecular analysis. The relevance to potential applications of site-specific deletion-fusion events for chromosome engineering are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 21 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1007/BF00034962 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HB304 UT WOS:A1992HB30400016 PM 1310059 ER PT J AU COMAI, L MATSUDAIRA, KL HEUPEL, RC DIETRICH, RA HARADA, JJ AF COMAI, L MATSUDAIRA, KL HEUPEL, RC DIETRICH, RA HARADA, JJ TI EXPRESSION OF A BRASSICA-NAPUS MALATE SYNTHASE GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOMATO PLANTS DURING THE TRANSITION FROM LATE EMBRYOGENY TO GERMINATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOCITRATE LYASE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GLYOXYSOMAL ENZYMES; MESSENGER-RNAS; CUCUMBER; COTTON; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; SEEDLINGS; SEQUENCE AB To study gene regulation during the transition from late embryogeny to germination, we have analyzed the expression of a gene encoding the glyoxylate cycle enzyme malate synthase in transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. We have shown that although there are at least four classes of malate synthase genes in Brassica napus L., one gene is expressed at a high level during both late embryogeny and postgemination. Analyses of transgenic tomato plants containing the expressed B. napus gene along with 4.7 and 1.0 kilobase pairs of 5' and 3' flanking sequences, respectively, confirmed that a single gene is expressed at both stages of development. Furthermore, localization studies have shown that mRNA encoded by the B. napus gene is distributed throughout the tissues of a mature embryo but is not detected in the vascular cylinder of a seedling. We conclude that the sequences required to qualitatively regulate the gene correctly over the plant life cycle are present within the transferred gene and/or flanking regions. Moreover, the malate synthase gene is regulated differently during late embryogeny and post-germination in the developing vascular cylinder. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 98 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1104/pp.98.1.53 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC428 UT WOS:A1992HC42800009 PM 16668648 ER PT J AU HUANG, JWW SHAFF, JE GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HUANG, JWW SHAFF, JE GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON CALCIUM FLUXES AT THE ROOT APEX OF ALUMINUM-TOLERANT AND ALUMINUM-SENSITIVE WHEAT CULTIVARS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ROOTS; CORN ROOTS; TRANSPORT; K+; H+; MICROELECTRODES; PHYSIOLOGY; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; RYEGRASS AB The role of Ca2+ transport in the mechanism of Al toxicity was investigated, using a Ca2+-selective microelectrode system to study Al effects on root apical Ca2+ fluxes in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66. Intact 3-day-old low-salt-grown (100 micromolar CaCl2, pH 4.5) wheat seedlings were used, and it was found that both cultivars maintained similar rates of net Ca2+ uptake in the absence of Al. Addition of Al concentrations that were toxic to Scout (5-20 micromolar AlCl3) immediately and dramatically inhibited Ca2+ uptake in Scout, whereas Ca2+ transport in Atlas was relatively unaffected. The Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in Scout 66 was rapidly reversed following removal of Al from the solution bathing the roots. Similar studies with morphologically intact root cell wall preparations indicated that the Al effects did not involve Al-Ca interactions in the cell wall. These results suggest that Al inhibits Ca2+ influx across the root plasmalemma, possibly via blockage of calcium channels. The differential effect of Al on Ca2+ transport in Al-sensitive Scout and Al-tolerant Atlas suggests that Al blockage of Ca2+ channels could play a role in the cellular mechanism of Al toxicity in higher plants. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 30 TC 142 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 98 IS 1 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1104/pp.98.1.230 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC428 UT WOS:A1992HC42800034 PM 16668619 ER PT J AU HERMAN, EM LAMB, CJ AF HERMAN, EM LAMB, CJ TI ARABINOGALACTAN-RICH GLYCOPROTEINS ARE LOCALIZED ON THE CELL-SURFACE AND IN INTRAVACUOLAR MULTIVESICULAR BODIES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE ANTIGENS; SYRINGAE PV GLYCINEA; DAUCUS-CAROTA L; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; APOPLASTIC CONTINUUM; SOYBEAN PROTOPLASTS; COATED VESICLES; PLANT-CELLS; ENDOCYTOSIS; PLASMATUBULES AB We investigated the subcellular distribution of antigenic sites immunoreactive to the monoclonal antibody 16.4B4 (PM Norman, VPM Wingate, MS Fitter, CJ Lamb [1986] Planta 167: 452-459) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf cells. This antibody is directed against a glycan epitope in a family of plasma membrane arabinogalactan proteins of 135 to 180 kilodaltons, elaborated from a polypeptide of relative molecular mass 50 kilodaltons (PM Norman, P Kjellbom, DJ Bradley, MG Hahn, CJ Lamb [1990] Planta 181: 365-373). We demonstrated by immunogold electron microscopy that the epitope reactive with monoclonal antibody 16.4B4 is localized on the cell surface in the leaf parenchyma cell periplast. The 16.4B4 antigen is also localized in multivesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane also known as plasmalemmasomes, implying a biochemical and, hence, functional interrelationship between these structures. Monoclonal antibody 16.4B4 also labels intracellular multivesicular bodies that appear to represent internalized plasmalemmasomes. Antibody reactivity was also observed in partially degraded multivesicular bodies sequestered within the central vacuole. We propose that the subcellular distribution of the epitope reactive with monoclonal antibody 16.4B4 defines a plasmalemmasome (or multivesicular body-mediated) pathway for the internalization of the periplasmic matrix for vacuolar mediated disposal. The multivesicular bodies appear to be equivalent to the well-characterized endosomes and multiveslcular bodies of animal cells involved in the internalization and lysosome-mediated degradation of extracellular materials. C1 SALK INST BIOL STUDIES,PLANT BIOL LAB,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. RP HERMAN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 98 IS 1 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1104/pp.98.1.264 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC428 UT WOS:A1992HC42800038 PM 16668623 ER PT J AU QIU, JS ISRAEL, DW AF QIU, JS ISRAEL, DW TI DIURNAL STARCH ACCUMULATION AND UTILIZATION IN PHOSPHORUS-DEFICIENT SOYBEAN PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON METABOLISM; GLYCINE-MAX; TOTAL NITROGEN; PHOSPHATE; SUCROSE; LEAVES; CHLOROPLASTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; NUTRITION; EXCHANGE AB The effects of phosphorus deficiency on carbohydrate accumulation and utilization in 34-day-old soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plants were characterized over a diumal cycle to evaluate the mechanisms by which phosphorus deficiency restricts plant growth. Phosphorus deficiency decreased the net CO2 exchange rate throughout the light period. The decrease in the CO2 exhange rate was associated with a decrease in stomatal conductance and an increase in the internal CO2 concentration. These observations indicate that phosphorus deficiency increased mesophyll resistance. Assimilate export rate from the youngest fully expanded leaves was decreased by phosphorus deficiency, whereas starch concentrations in these leaves were increased. Higher starch concentrations in phosphorus-deficient youngest fully expanded leaves resulted from a longer period of net starch accumulation and a shorter period of net starch degradation relative to those for phosphorus-sufficient controls. Phosphorus deficiency decreased sucrose-P synthase activity by 27% (averaged over the diurnal cycle), and essentially eliminated diurnal variation in sucrose-P-synthase activity. Diurnal variations in nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and stems were also less pronounced in phosphorus-deficient plants than in controls. In phosphorus-deficient plants, only 30% of the whole plant starch present at the end of a light phase was utilized during the subsequent 12-hour dark phase as compared with 68% for phosphorus-sufficient controls. Although phosphorus deficiency decreased the CO2 exchange rate and whole plant leaf area, accumulation of high starch concentrations in leaves and stems and restricted starch utilization in the dark indicate that growth processes (i.e. sink activities) were restricted to a greater extent than photosynthetic capacity. Further experimentation is required to determine whether decreased starch utilization in phosphorus-deficient plants is the cause or the result of restricted growth. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 98 IS 1 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1104/pp.98.1.316 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC428 UT WOS:A1992HC42800045 PM 16668630 ER PT J AU LELIEVRE, JM OLIVEIRA, LO NIELSEN, NC AF LELIEVRE, JM OLIVEIRA, LO NIELSEN, NC TI 5'-CATGCAT-3' ELEMENTS MODULATE THE EXPRESSION OF GLYCININ GENES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ GENES; LEGUMIN GENE; PROTEIN; UPSTREAM; BINDING; TOBACCO; FAMILY AB Promoters of most seed proteins in legumes contain one or more 5'-CATGCAT-3' elements. To test if these elements have a function in the expression of these genes, the 2.3 kilobase pairs Gy2 glyclnin promoter was ligated to a beta-glucuronidase reporter sequence and transformed into tobacco. Elimination of a 5'-CATGCAT-3' element 101 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site in the construction caused about a 10-fold reduction in the amount of beta-glucuronidase activity compared with when the element was present in the gene. Elimination of 1.9 kilobase pairs from the 5'-end of the promoter caused a two-to threefold reduction in activity. The results show that the 5'-CATGCAT-3' element plays a role in regulating the amount of expression from the gene, but that there are also other factors farther upstream from the gene that affect the level of expression. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RI Oliveira, Luiz/D-6435-2013 OI Oliveira, Luiz/0000-0002-5578-2260 NR 18 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 98 IS 1 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1104/pp.98.1.387 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC428 UT WOS:A1992HC42800054 PM 16668640 ER PT J AU PRIEM, B GROSS, KC AF PRIEM, B GROSS, KC TI MANNOSYL-CONTAINING AND XYLOSYL-CONTAINING GLYCANS PROMOTE TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL) FRUIT RIPENING SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID OLIGOMANNOSIDE TYPE; GLYCOPROTEINS; GALACTOSE AB The oligosaccharide glycans mannosyl-alpha-1-6(mannosyl-alpha-1-3)mannosyl-alpha-1-6(mannosyl-alpha-1-3)mannosyl-beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosamine and mannosyl-alpha-1-6(mannosyl-alpha-1-3)(xylosyl-beta-1-2)mannosyl-beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl(fucosyl-alpha-1-3)N-acetylglucosamine were infiltrated into mature green tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv Rutgers). Coinfiltration of 1 nanogram per gram fresh weight of the glycans with 40 micrograms per gram fresh weight galactose, a level of galactose insufficient to promote ripening, stimulated ripening as measured by red coloration and ethylene production. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BLDG 002,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 15 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 98 IS 1 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.1104/pp.98.1.399 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HC428 UT WOS:A1992HC42800057 PM 16668644 ER PT J AU BENNETT, JH CHATTERTON, NJ WYSE, RE HARTUNG, W MOK, WDS AF BENNETT, JH CHATTERTON, NJ WYSE, RE HARTUNG, W MOK, WDS TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS IN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS SEEDLINGS - GENOTYPE IRON STRESS-RESPONSE INTERACTIONS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHLOROSIS; ROOT-ZONE PHYSIOLOGY; SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT ID SEED COATS; PLANTS; CYTOKININ; CHLOROSIS; PH; EXPRESSION; ROOTS AB Growth rates and stress-induced adaptive functions controlling iron assimilation by temperature-tolerant (parent) and sensitive (hybrid) Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes were compared in this study. Physiological processes that regulate the availability of Fe in the rhizospheres of the plants were severely inhibited in susceptible seedlings when grown at temperatures above 30-degrees-C. Iron uptake was depressed and chlorosis developed in the apical leaves at 2-3 weeks of age. It is possible that the chlorosis was due in part to nitrate toxicity. Temperature-sensitive hybrid seedlings grew rapidly at elevated temperatures during the first week after germination. Hypocotyl elongation in these carbohydrate-depleted seedlings was favored over root and leaf development. The more-vigorous parent genotypes were better able to the transition period between the time the seedlings were dependent on cotyledonary reserves and the time they become self-sustaining through photosynthesis. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BENNETT, JH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HU646 UT WOS:A1992HU64600002 ER PT J AU SLAY, RM WATADA, AE FROST, DJ WASSERMAN, BP AF SLAY, RM WATADA, AE FROST, DJ WASSERMAN, BP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE UDP-GLUCOSE - (1,3)-BETA-GLUCAN (CALLOSE) SYNTHASE FROM PLASMA-MEMBRANES OF CELERY - POLYPEPTIDE PROFILES AND PHOTOLABELING PATTERNS OF ENRICHED FRACTIONS SUGGEST CALLOSE SYNTHASE COMPLEXES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES SHARE A COMMON STRUCTURE SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALLOSE SYNTHASE; FAST PROTEIN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA MEMBRANE; CELERY ID BETA-VULGARIS L; 1,3-BETA-GLUCAN SYNTHASE; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; GLUCAN SYNTHASE; H+-ATPASE; SOLUBILIZATION; ACTIVATION; VESICLES; PRODUCT; COTTON AB Plasma membranes were purified from celery (Apium graveolens L.) by two-phase partitioning and the UDP-glucose (1,3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase was solubilized with the detergent CHAPS. The techniques of moderate pressure anion exchange chromatography (FPLC), gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography on UDP-agarose and product-entrapment were then investigated as means for further purification. Enriched fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography in 0.1% CHAPS and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5, spec. act., 568 nmol min-1 (mg prot.)-1), by affinity chromatography using UDP-agarose (1405 nmol min-1 (mg prot.)-1) and by product entrapment (914 nmol min-1 (mg prot.)-1). Fractions purified by anion exchange chromatography contained numerous polypeptides, however callose synthase purified by the affinity step yielded a silver-stained profile of six prominent polypeptides of 26.8, 30.5, 35, 41, 56 and 72 kDa. In the product-entrapped sample, the polypeptides of 41, 56 and 72 kDa incorporated [P-32]5N3UDP-Glc in a Ca2+-dependent manner, implying that these could play a role in the binding of UDP-Glc to the enzyme. The polypeptides at 26.8, 30.5, 35 and 72 kDa have also been observed in purified preparations from various other sources and could represent other components of the callose synthase complex. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,NEW JERSEY AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 86 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90158-I PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JV530 UT WOS:A1992JV53000001 ER PT J AU RUSSIN, WA UCHYTIL, TF DURBIN, RD AF RUSSIN, WA UCHYTIL, TF DURBIN, RD TI ISOLATION OF STRUCTURALLY INTACT SECRETORY CAVITIES FROM LEAVES OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD, TAGETES-ERECTA L (ASTERACEAE) SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SECRETION; SECRETORY CAVITIES; ISOLATION TECHNIQUES; TAGETES-ERECTA; ASTERACEAE ID CELLS AB Foliar secretory cavities were isolated from Tagetes erecta L. plants. Leaf discs were vacuum infiltrated with a macerating enzyme solution (cellulysin/macerozyme in a mineral salts medium) and alternately ultrasonicated and shaken on a rotary shaker. Secretory cavities free of surrounding mesophyll and vascular tissue were obtained after 3 sonication/shaking cycles. Based on both visual inspection and retention of secretion products, the cavities were structurally intact; they also were viable according to their reaction to vital dyes, e.g., trypan blue. The described protocol should be useful in isolating other embedded secretory structures. C1 USDA,ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP RUSSIN, WA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 85 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90100-Z PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JJ533 UT WOS:A1992JJ53300014 ER PT J AU VANWERT, SL SAUNDERS, JA AF VANWERT, SL SAUNDERS, JA TI REDUCTION OF NUCLEASE ACTIVITY RELEASED FROM GERMINATING POLLEN UNDER CONDITIONS USED FOR POLLEN ELECTROTRANSFORMATION SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NUCLEASE; ELECTROPORATION; POLLEN; DNA TRANSFER ID TOBACCO POLLEN; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; NICOTIANA; GENES; ELECTROPORATION; TRANSFORMATION; RIBONUCLEASE; TISSUES; GRAINS AB Nucleases released from germinating tobacco (Nicotiana gossei L. Domin), corn (Zea mays, hybrid golden queen) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. var. Saranac) pollen degrade added plasmid pBI221 DNA. Isolated DNA from pollen/pBI221 suspensions showed increased degradation of pBI221 as the incubation time with the pollen was increased. Electroporation immediately after the addition of pBI221 had little effect on the amount of degradation. The addition of increasing amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or MgSO4 to the pollen suspension after germination but before the addition of plasmid, followed by electroporation, resulted in deceasing nuclease activity. Changing the germination medium prior to electroporation also decreased nuclease activity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90202-W PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HZ365 UT WOS:A1992HZ36500002 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF LULAI, EC AF VAUGHN, SF LULAI, EC TI FURTHER EVIDENCE THAT LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY IS REQUIRED FOR ARACHIDONIC ACID-ELICITED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN POTATO CALLUS-CULTURES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PEROXIDASE; POLYPHENOLOXIDASE; ARACHIDONIC ACID; HYPERSENSITIVE CELL DEATH ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FATTY-ACIDS; TUBER; RESISTANCE; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; PURIFICATION; CONSEQUENCE; INHIBITION; MECHANISM AB Two tuber callus lines of Solanum tuberosum L., one lacking detectable lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (LOX-null) and the other possessing activity (LOX-active), were treated with arachidonic acid (AA), an elicitor of the hypersensitive response (HR) and LOX substrate. LOX-active calli exhibited HR cell death and browning within 1 h of treatment, with maximum cell death occurring by 24 h. In contrast, tissue browning was not evident in LOX-null calli and cell viability did not change until 24 h after treatment, when only 10-15% of the cells appeared dead. LOX activity was undetectable in the LOX-null line regardless of treatment or sampling time. LOX-active calli exhibited a nearly linear loss of LOX activity, decreasing to 20% of the control levels by 96 h after arachidonic acid (AA) treatment. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities showed large initial increases in calli from both lines, after which the activities declined to levels near that of the controls. Peroxidase (PER) activity in the LOX-active calli increased to over twice that of control levels within 6 h of treatment, but rapidly declined to 50% of the control values after 24 h. PER activity initially declined slightly in the LOX-null calli but increased to levels near those of the controls by 96 h. These results suggest that LOX, which catalyzes the peroxidation of AA, plays roles in the rapid hypersensitive cell death elicited by AA, while other tissue responses to AA function independently of LOX activity. C1 USDA ARS, RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB, E GRAND FORKS, MN 56721 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90212-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HZ365 UT WOS:A1992HZ36500012 ER PT J AU OZIASAKINS, P ANDERSON, WF HOLBROOK, CC AF OZIASAKINS, P ANDERSON, WF HOLBROOK, CC TI SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L - GENOTYPE COMPARISON SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ARACHIS; GROUNDNUT; PEANUT; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; TISSUE CULTURE ID PLANT-REGENERATION; TISSUE-CULTURES; RED-CLOVER; PEANUT; EMBRYOS; CULTIVARS; TRIFOLIUM; ALFALFA; COTTON AB Somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic callus formation occurred from immature cotyledon and embryo axis explants of seven peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes including one valencia, three Spanish and three Virginia botanical types. The initiation medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog's salts and vitamins with 3% sucrose and 0.5 mg/l picloram. There were significant differences among genotypes for somatic embryo formation, subculture capacity and plant regeneration using a single media sequence. Somatic embryo formation from cotyledons showed better correlation with plant regeneration than somatic embryo formation from the embryo axis. Maturity of the embryo explant, as estimated by cotyledon length, did not show a significant effect on response, but there was a trend toward reduced somatic embryo formation from older cotyledons. Relatively few plants were regenerated from the valencia genotype. All peanut genotypes tested thus far are competent for somatic embryogenesis and in vitro response could probably be improved by media manipulation. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP OZIASAKINS, P (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. OI Ozias-Akins, Peggy/0000-0002-8864-2766 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 83 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90067-V PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HN500 UT WOS:A1992HN50000013 ER PT J AU MEZZETTI, B ZIMMERMAN, RH MISCHKE, C ROSATI, P HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF MEZZETTI, B ZIMMERMAN, RH MISCHKE, C ROSATI, P HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI MEROCYANINE-540 AS AN OPTICAL PROBE TO MONITOR THE EFFECTS OF CULTURE FILTRATES OF PHYTOPHTHORA-CACTORUM ON APPLE CELL-MEMBRANES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; FLUOROCHROME; CYTOFLUOROMETRY; PHYTOPHTHORA-CACTORUM; CULTURE FILTRATE ID ION-TRANSPORT; PLANT-CELLS; CROWN ROT; TREES AB The response of apple (Malus domestica) cells to valinomycin, gramicidin and culture filtrates (CF) from an avirulent and from virulent strains of Phytophthora cactorum was monitored by measuring changes in fluorescence of cells stained with Merocyanine 540, an optical probe for changes in transmembrane electrical potential (PD). Cells of MM.106 rootstock (susceptible to P. cactorum) exposed to either valinomycin or to CF from virulent strains of P. cactorum showed a decrease in fluorescence. whereas cells exposed to gramicidin showed an increase in fluorescence. The response of cells to fungal culture medium (FCM) was similar to the response to CF from an avirulent strain of the fungus. These results support the feasibility of using Merocyanine 540 as a probe of PD changes in apple cells and suggest a role for P. cactorum toxin in disease development. This research opens up the possibility of using fluorescence measurements as a screening system for identifying resistance in apple germplasm to P. cactorum and for using the toxin as an in vitro selective agent. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST COLTIVAZ ARBOREE,CIRB,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. OI Mezzetti, Bruno/0000-0001-9307-812X NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 83 IS 2 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90075-W PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HU491 UT WOS:A1992HU49100007 ER PT J AU NORDEEN, RO SINDEN, SL JAYNES, JM OWENS, LD AF NORDEEN, RO SINDEN, SL JAYNES, JM OWENS, LD TI ACTIVITY OF CECROPIN SB37 AGAINST PROTOPLASTS FROM SEVERAL PLANT-SPECIES AND THEIR BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CECROPIN SB37; PLANT PROTOPLASTS; LETHAL CONCENTRATION ID SUSPENSION CULTURE; INSECT IMMUNITY; ANTIBACTERIAL; REGENERATION; POTATO; CELLS; SUGARBEET; PEPTIDES; GROWTH AB The lethal concentration of cecropin SB37 was determined for protoplasts from 11 plant cultivars or experimental lines representing 7 plant species and for 9 bacterial species that are pathogens of these plants. Lethal concentrations ranged from 4.5-mu-M for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Red Cherry) to 41-mu-M for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris REL 1). Cecropin SB37 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against all of the bacterial pathogens tested. Lethal concentrations ranged from 0.1-4.5-mu-M. The difference between the lethal concentrations of cecropin SB37 for protoplasts from certain plants and their respective bacterial pathogens suggests it may be feasible to protect against these pathogens by introducing a modified cecropin gene into the plant. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90012-B PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HE096 UT WOS:A1992HE09600011 ER PT J AU TRIPLETT, BA MELLON, JE AF TRIPLETT, BA MELLON, JE TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANIONIC PEROXIDASES FROM COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM; COTTON; PEROXIDASE; ISOZYMES; COTYLEDON ID CELL-WALL; PROTEINS; ISODITYROSINE; ISOZYMES AB Anionic isoperoxidases from cotton cotyledonary leaf tissue have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by chromatography on ion exchange, lectin affinity, and gel filtration matrices. The enzyme was stable and active at a wide range of temperatures with optimal activity at 55-degrees-C. Maximum activity was observed when the pH was adjusted from pH 5.5 to pH 7.5. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels indicated a relative molecular mass of 56 000 Da when the sample was treated with a disulfide reducing agent and heated. The electrophoretic mobility was altered when either the disulfide reducing agent or heat treatment was omitted. Isoelectric focusing under native conditions resolved the activity into three isozymes with isoelectric points of 4.2, 4.4 and 4.6. The K(m) of peroxidase for 4-aminoantipyrine and omicron-dianisidine was 350 and 36-mu-M, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by elevated concentrations of H2O2 and by disulfide reducing agents. Known inhibitors of peroxidase activity such as potassium azide, sodium cyanide and sodium sulfite inhibited cotton anionic peroxidases. The absorption spectrum showed maxima at 280 and 402 nm, indicating the presence of a heme group in the active enzyme. The extinction coefficient at 402 nm was 1.12 x 10(5) mol-1 cm-1. RP TRIPLETT, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 81 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90036-L PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HC993 UT WOS:A1992HC99300002 ER PT J AU NAGAHASHI, G LASSITER, GD PATTERSON, DL AF NAGAHASHI, G LASSITER, GD PATTERSON, DL TI UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF CELL WALL-ASSOCIATED BETA-GLUCOSIDASES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CELL WALLS; BOUND ENZYMES; FREE ENZYMES; PI; THERMOSTABILITY ID LOCALIZATION; INVITRO; ENZYMES; TISSUE AB Two maize (Zea mays L.) root cell wall-associated beta-glucosidases were compared to two cellular forms. The ionically bound cell wall enzyme was more difficult to dissociate from the cell wall compared to artifactually bound cytosolic beta-glucosidase activity. The ionically bound cell wall enzyme also had an isoelectric pH of 6.8-7.0 compared to the acid pI of the cytosolic enzyme (4.8-5.2). A second cell wall enzyme was very tightly bound to the cell wall and could not be extracted with 3 M NaCl or LiCl. Both the ionically bound cell wall beta-glucosidase and the tightly bound beta-glucosidase were more thermostable at 40-degrees-C and 50-degrees-C compared to the cytosolic enzyme and the particulate intracellular isozyme. The tightly bound cell wall beta-glucosidase was the only thermostable enzyme at 60-degrees-C. RP NAGAHASHI, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1992 VL 81 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90038-N PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HC993 UT WOS:A1992HC99300004 ER PT J AU HAVEY, MJ AF HAVEY, MJ TI RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF THE CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR 45S RIBOSOMAL DNA OF ALLIUM SECTIONS CEPA AND PHYLLODOLON (ALLIACEAE) SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ALLIACEAE, ALLIUM, ONION; RFLP CHLOROPLAST DNA, RIBOSOMAL DNA, CLADISTICS, PHYLOGENY, SYSTEMATICS ID DESTRUCTOR BERK CASP; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ROYLEI STEARN; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; FISTULOSUM; BACKCROSS; EVOLUTION; SPACER; BARLEY AB Estimates of the phylogenetic relationships among cultivated and wild Allium species would benefit from identification of molecular characters. Restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the bulb onion (Allium cepa), Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum), wild Allium species in sect. Cepa and Phyllodolon, and the outgroups A. ampeloprasum and A. tuberosum detected 39 polymorphisms. Allium cepa and A. vavilovii were identical for all characters. Cladistic analysis generated three most-parsimonious WAGNER trees of 44 steps differing only in a zero-length branch. Allium fistulosum and A. altaicum (sect. Phyllodolon) comprised a monophyletic lineage separated from the A. cepa and A. vavilovii of sect. Cepa. The unresolved node was composed of A. galanthum, A. roylei, and the lineage containing A. cepa, A. vavilovii, A. fistulosum, and A. altaicum. The clade containing A. altaicum, A. cepa, A.fistulosum, A. galanthum, A. roylei, and A. vavilovii remained resolved for strict consensus Of WAGNER trees of 48 steps or less. Allium pskemense and A. oschaninii were increasingly distant. Allium oschaninii has been proposed as the progenitor of the bulb onion, but was more closely related to the common progenitor of all species in sect. Cepa and Phyllodolon. Phylogenies estimated from cpDNA characters using DOLLO parsimony resulted in a single most-parsimonious tree of 46 steps and agreed with phylogenies based on WAGNER parsimony. Polymorphic restriction enzyme sites in the 45s ribosomal DNA were not used to estimate phylogenies because of uncertain homologies, but are useful for identifying interspecific hybrids. The maternal phylogenies estimated in this study help to distinguish wild Allium species closely related to the bulb onion. Although not in agreement with classifications based on morphology, the phylogenies closely reflected crossability among species in sect. Cepa and Phyllodolon. RP HAVEY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROP RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 42 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1992 VL 183 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1007/BF00937732 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA KD465 UT WOS:A1992KD46500002 ER PT J AU VANDENBERG, RG SPOONER, DM AF VANDENBERG, RG SPOONER, DM TI A REEXAMINATION OF INFRASPECIFIC TAXA OF A WILD POTATO, SOLANUM-MICRODONTUM (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA, SOLANACEAE) SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE SOLANACEAE; SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; SOLANUM-MICRODONTUM; POTATOES; SUBSPECIES; SYSTEMATICS; VARIETIES AB Current taxonomic interpretations of Solanum microdontum BITTER partition the species into two or three infraspecific taxa, variously recognized as subspecies or varieties. The present study reexamines these taxa using morphological data from four individuals each of 69 accessions from most of the range of the species, planted in a common field plot. Our results show that the character states used to recognize infraspecific taxa in S. microdontum often vary within accessions and have no correlation with geography. We conclude that past hypotheses have used typological concepts and that infraspecific taxa are not warranted. This study questions other hypotheses of infraspecific taxa in sect. Petota. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP VANDENBERG, RG (reprint author), AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PLANT TAXON,POB 8010,6700 ED WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1992 VL 182 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA JX235 UT WOS:A1992JX23500005 ER PT J AU HAVEY, MJ AF HAVEY, MJ TI RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF THE NUCLEAR 45S RIBOSOMAL DNA OF 6 CULTIVATED ALLIUMS (ALLIACEAE) SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ANGIOSPERMS; ALLIACEAE; ALLIUM; CHLOROPLAST DNA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENY; BULB ONION; BUNCHING ONION; CHIVE; GARLIC; LEEK ID RNA GENES; FISTULOSUM; CEPA AB Estimates of the phylogenetic relationships among cultivated and wild Allium species would benefit from identification of objective molecular characters. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the nuclear 45s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were identified among two of five accessions of each of six cultivated Alliums. Restriction enzyme sites for BamHI, DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, SacI, and XbaI were mapped. Different lengths of the rDNA repeat unit among the cultivated Alliums were due to sizes of the intergenic spacer. Nineteen polymorphic restriction enzyme sites were discovered and used to estimate phylogenetic relationships. Cladistic analyses based on Wagner parsimony were completed without an outgroup and resulted in two equally most parsimonious trees of 22 steps. A combined analysis of differences at RE sites in the ribosomal (19 characters) and chloroplast (15 characters) DNA generated a single most parsimonious tree of 39 steps. Single trichotomies were observed at 40 and 41 steps. Strict consensus of the three trees of 41 or fewer steps consisted of a lineage for A. tuberosum, a second for A. ampeloprasum and A. sativum, and a third for A. cepa, A. fistulosum, and A. schoenoprasum. Estimates of phylogenetic relationships based on variability at restriction enzyme sites in the rDNA and chloroplast DNA agree with the classification scheme of TRAUB. Because of the predominance of autapomorphies, restriction enzyme analysis of the nuclear 45s rDNA is of limited use in estimating phylogenies among Allium sections. However it is useful in the establishment of interspecific hybridity. RP HAVEY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROP UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1992 VL 181 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1007/BF00937586 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA JD633 UT WOS:A1992JD63300005 ER PT J AU BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW VERTUCCI, C AF BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW VERTUCCI, C TI HOMOIOHYDROUS (RECALCITRANT) SEEDS - DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS, DESICCATION SENSITIVITY AND THE STATE OF WATER IN AXES OF LANDOLPHIA-KIRKII DYER SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE DESICCATION TOLERANCE SENSITIVITY; ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE (SEEDS); EMBRYO AXIS (DESICCATION SENSITIVITY); HOMOIOHYDROUS RECALCITRANT SEEDS; SEED (DEVELOPMENT, DESICCATION); WATER STATE (SEED DESICCATION) ID ZIZANIA-PALUSTRIS; VIABILITY; STORAGE; TISSUES AB The desiccation sensitivity in relation to the stage of development was investigated in embryonic axes from the homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds of Landolphia kirkii. Electrolyte leakage, used to assess membrane damage after flash (very rapid) drying, indicated that axes from immature (non-germinable) seeds were the most desiccation-tolerant, followed by those from mature seeds, while axes from seeds germinated for increasing times were progressively more desiccation-sensitive. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and the properties of water in the tissues. Axes from immature seeds had a lower content of non-freezable water than that of any other developmental stage and a higher enthalpy of melting of freezable water. For mature and immature axes electrolyte leakage increased at the point of loss of freezable water. At other developmental stages the water content at which electrolyte leakage increased markedly correlated with the other properties of the water, such as the change in the shape of the melting endotherm and the onset temperature. Ultrastructural studies of axes at the various developmental stages showed changes in the degree and pattern of vacuolation, the presence and quantities of lipid and starch, and the degree of endomembrane development. The results are discussed in relation to current hypotheses on the basis of desiccation tolerance. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BERJAK, P (reprint author), UNIV NATAL,DEPT BIOL,PLANT CELL BIOL RES GRP,KING GEORGE V AVE,DURBAN 4001,SOUTH AFRICA. RI Pammenter, Norman/E-9357-2010; Berjak, Patricia/E-9362-2010 NR 18 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JAN PY 1992 VL 186 IS 2 BP 249 EP 261 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HA726 UT WOS:A1992HA72600012 PM 24186665 ER PT J AU DEAVERS, K AF DEAVERS, K TI WHAT IS RURAL SO POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP DEAVERS, K (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLICY STUDIES ORGANIZATION PI URBANA PA UNIV ILLINOIS 361 LINCOLN HALL, URBANA, IL 61801 SN 0190-292X J9 POLICY STUD J JI Policy Stud. J. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0072.1992.tb00146.x PG 6 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA HV139 UT WOS:A1992HV13900002 ER PT J AU REID, JN SEARS, DW AF REID, JN SEARS, DW TI SYMPOSIUM ON RURAL-DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES - INTRODUCTION SO POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,GOVT & DEV POLICY SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP REID, JN (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLICY STUDIES ORGANIZATION PI URBANA PA UNIV ILLINOIS 361 LINCOLN HALL, URBANA, IL 61801 SN 0190-292X J9 POLICY STUD J JI Policy Stud. J. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 214 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0072.1992.tb00149.x PG 4 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA HV139 UT WOS:A1992HV13900005 ER PT J AU REEDER, RJ ROBINSON, KL AF REEDER, RJ ROBINSON, KL TI ENTERPRISE ZONES - ASSESSING THEIR RURAL-DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL SO POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPACTS C1 USDA,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP REEDER, RJ (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU POLICY STUDIES ORGANIZATION PI URBANA PA UNIV ILLINOIS 361 LINCOLN HALL, URBANA, IL 61801 SN 0190-292X J9 POLICY STUD J JI Policy Stud. J. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0072.1992.tb00154.x PG 12 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA HV139 UT WOS:A1992HV13900010 ER PT J AU LAMB, JM LUNDELL, MR AF LAMB, JM LUNDELL, MR TI RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY REPORT ON EASTERN-EUROPE - BRADA,JC SO POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP LAMB, JM (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLICY STUDIES ORGANIZATION PI URBANA PA UNIV ILLINOIS 361 LINCOLN HALL, URBANA, IL 61801 SN 0190-292X J9 POLICY STUD J JI Policy Stud. J. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0072.1992.tb00174.x PG 5 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA JG417 UT WOS:A1992JG41700013 ER PT J AU ARAKAWA, A FUKATA, T BABA, E MCDOUGALD, LR BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC AF ARAKAWA, A FUKATA, T BABA, E MCDOUGALD, LR BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC TI INFLUENCE OF COCCIDIOSIS ON SALMONELLA COLONIZATION IN BROILER-CHICKENS UNDER FLOOR-PEN CONDITIONS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EIMERIA-TENELLA; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTICOCCIDIAL DRUG ID TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; EIMERIA-TENELLA AB The influence of coccidiosis on colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens under floor pen conditions was studied by semiquantitative methods. Chickens of two groups, unmedicated and medicated with nicarbazin (125 ppm via the feed), were exposed to three species of Eimeria (Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina) at 2, 3, and 4 wk of age, and given S. typhimurium in the feed 2 days later. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated most often (100%) from ceca of chickens exposed at 3 wk of age. Birds in the unmedicated group were positive for S. typhimurium at a higher rate than those in the medicated group. Salmonella typhimurium was detected in livers only in a few unmedicated birds. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP ARAKAWA, A (reprint author), UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,COLL AGR,DEPT VET MED,SAKAI,OSAKA 591,JAPAN. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GY299 UT WOS:A1992GY29900008 PM 1539023 ER PT J AU HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD AF HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD TI EFFICACY OF HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE TO REDUCE THE INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TOXICITY OF AFLATOXIN AND OCHRATOXIN-A SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN; OCHRATOXIN-A; HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; BROILERS; INTERACTIONS ID BROILER-CHICKENS; T-2 TOXIN; PROGRESSION; CAROTENOIDS; PARAMETERS AB A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of dietary aflatoxin (3.5-mu-g/g), ochratoxin A (2.0-mu-g/g), and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS, .5%) was used to evaluate the individual and combined effects of these treatments. There were six replicate pens of 10 broilers per pen for each of the eight treatments. The broilers were maintained on these treatments from 1 day to 3 wk of age with feed and water available for ad libitum intake. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin A each significantly decreased body weight, serum protein, albumin, and cholesterol and increased the relative weight of the liver, kidney, and proventriculus. Aflatoxin increased the relative weight of the heart and decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and ochratoxin A increased serum uric add. The toxicity resulting from the combination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A was more severe than when either of these mycotoxins were present alone. Addition of HSCAS alone did not alter any of the parameters evaluated. The HSCAS reduced the toxicity of aflatoxin, but had little effect on either the toxicity of ochratoxin A alone or the toxicity resulting from the combination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP HUFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 24 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GY299 UT WOS:A1992GY29900009 PM 1311450 ER PT J AU STANLEY, VG HUTCHINSON, DM REINE, AH CORRIER, D HINTON, AA AF STANLEY, VG HUTCHINSON, DM REINE, AH CORRIER, D HINTON, AA TI MAGNESIUM-SULFATE EFFECTS ON COLIFORM BACTERIA REDUCTION IN THE INTESTINES, CECA, AND CARCASSES OF BROILER-CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MAGNESIUM SULFATE; COLIFORM BACTERIA; INTESTINES; CECA; CARCASS SURFACE ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA; FRESH AB The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of MgSO4 on intestinal and cecal content reduction with subsequent effects on carcass weight loss and coliform bacterial counts in the intestine and ceca, and on the processed carcass. Four hundred and eighty broiler chicks, 49 days of age, were fed MgSO4 at levels of 0, 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5 g/L via drinking water 24 h before processing. Samples from the intestinal and cecal contents and swabs from the processed carcass surface were plated for coliform bacteria colonization. The results indicated that carcass weight loss was not affected significantly by MgSO4, irrespective of the levels fed. The mean dressing percentage of the treated chicks was 64.9% compared with 65.2% for the controls. Although the reduction in the intestinal contents was not significant, the coliform bacterial counts declined from 1.4 x 10(6) to 1.4 x 10(4), a reduction of 2 logs when the MgSO4 was administered at 5.5 g/L. However, both the cecal contents and coliform bacteria were reduced significantly when the birds were given 5.5 g/L of MgSO4. The reduction of the coliform bacteria in the ceca was significant when compared with the control, an approximate reduction of 3 logs. Also, the bacterial counts on the carcass surface were nonsignificantly reduced from 2.2 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(3), a 1-log reduction. Correlation coefficients showed that as the contents of the intestine decreased, the coliform bacterial counts in the ceca and on the carcass surface decreased. Therefore, by lowering the contents in the intestine prior to slaughter, there is the possibility of reducing the level of bacterial contamination on the processed carcasses. C1 USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP STANLEY, VG (reprint author), PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GY299 UT WOS:A1992GY29900011 PM 1539025 ER PT J AU TSAI, LS SCHADE, JE MOLYNEUX, BT AF TSAI, LS SCHADE, JE MOLYNEUX, BT TI CHLORINATION OF POULTRY CHILLER WATER - CHLORINE DEMAND AND DISINFECTION EFFICIENCY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHILLER WATER; CHLORINE; CHLORINE DEMAND; DISINFECTION; MICROBIAL COUNTS ID BROILER CARCASSES; EFFICACY; DIOXIDE AB A study was conducted to determine the general composition of equilibrated poultry chiller water (near maximum solids content) from a commercial operation, the chlorine consumption by its components, and the chlorine dosage necessary to achieve its disinfection. The equilibrated chiller water contained .35% (CV, 40%) solids, which consisted of lipids (56%), ash (33%), and total nitrogen (4.2%). Residual chlorine and survival of aerobic bacteria were determined in chiller water dosed with chlorine levels ranging from 0 to 400 ppm. Initially, the added chlorine was rapidly consumed by the components of chiller water. However, the consumption rate quickly decreased to 1/1,000 of the initial rate after about 50 min. The change of residual chlorine with time was found to fit mathematically to a two-term exponential equation. The equilibrated chiller water had a chlorine demand greater than the highest chlorine dosage tested (400 ppm). No free chlorine was detected in the water after 30 min of exposure to 300 ppm chlorine. Because of the high chlorine demand, dosages of 100 to 150 ppm chlorine were required to reduce the number of bacteria by at least 99% within 3 to 5 min in laboratory tests. Increasing the time of exposure to chlorine resulted in further reduction, although at a slow rate, of surviving bacteria from treatments that gave incomplete destruction with short exposure. RP TSAI, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GY299 UT WOS:A1992GY29900025 ER PT J AU SMITH, DP FLETCHER, DL PAPA, CM AF SMITH, DP FLETCHER, DL PAPA, CM TI DUCKLING AND CHICKEN PROCESSING YIELDS AND BREAST MEAT TENDERNESS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DUCKLING; CHICKEN; PROCESSING YIELDS; BREAST MEAT TENDERNESS; AGING ID SHEAR VALUES; BROILERS; CARCASS; PARTS; TIME AB Twenty-eight live Pekin ducklings and 28 broiler chickens were obtained at 49 days of age from commercial processing facilities for each of two trials to determine processing yields and breast meat tenderness. Birds were withdrawn from feed for 8 h and then processed. Breast halves, without skin, were removed from four birds of each species at .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h post-mortem. One side of each breast was cooked immediately after deboning (0-h aging) and the other half held 24 h at 4 C before cooking (24-h aging). Tenderness of the cooked breast meat was evaluated by Allo-Kramer shear. Duckling five, dry shell without giblets (WOG), and breast weights were significantly greater (P < .01) than chicken weights (3,410, 2,143, and 319 g versus 2,780, 1,915, and 295 g, respectively). Dry shell WOG, breast, and cooked breast yields were significantly lower for duckling than chicken (62.9, 14.8, and 60.4% versus 68.8, 15.4, and 67.8%, respectively). Allo-Kramer shear values for duckling decreased (P < .01) from .25 to 24 h post-mortem for both the 0-h aged samples (from 13.2 to 9.1 kg shear/g sample) and the 24-h aged samples (from 14.0 to 7.2 kg shear/g sample), and chicken shear values decreased from 19.6 to 4.2 and 19.1 to 4.1 kg shear/g sample, respectively, for the 0-h and 24-h aged samples. There was a significant difference in duckling and chicken processing yields and breast meat tenderness as affected by deboning and aging times. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GY299 UT WOS:A1992GY29900026 ER PT J AU MINNIFIELD, NM HAYES, DK AF MINNIFIELD, NM HAYES, DK TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF A RECEPTOR FOR THE ADIPOKINETIC HORMONES FROM MUSCA-AUTUMNALIS FACE FLIES SO PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORPORA CARDIACA; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ENDOCRINE; PEPTIDE AB Partial purification of the receptors for the neurohormones, diptera corpora cardiaca factors 1 and 2 (DCC1 and DCC2) was achieved. Receptor proteins were obtained from the abdomens of face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer. Purification methods included detergent solubilization, affinity chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis by gel electrophoresis has identified two proteins from this partial purification with relative molecular weights of 45 and 90 kD. A crude receptor preparation was used to develop a ligand binding assay with radiolabeled (tritiated and iodinated) DCC1. Ligand binding was inhibited by 90% when excess unlabeled DCC1 was added to the assay mixture. Ligand binding was optimum at pH 7.5. Binding saturation occurred at approximately 12 picomole radiolabeled ligand concentration. Because DCC1 and DCC2 have been shown to effect the lipid and trehalose levels in the insect an understanding of the neuropeptide-receptor interaction is important for the development of new methods of control of dairy and poultry muscoid flies. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0032-7484 J9 PREP BIOCHEM JI Prep. Biochem. PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1080/10826069208021372 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JZ313 UT WOS:A1992JZ31300003 PM 1363135 ER PT J AU FRANDSEN, JC BLAGBURN, BL ARTHER, RG AF FRANDSEN, JC BLAGBURN, BL ARTHER, RG TI TOLTRAZURIL (BAY VI-9142) AS AN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NATURALLY INFECTED GOATS SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COCCIDIOSIS; EFFICACY; LAMBS AB When administered for 14 days in drinking water to goats harboring natural coccidial infections by Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria christenseni and Eimeria alijevi, toltrazuril at 30 p.p.m., but not at 15 p.p.m., was highly effective in suppressing fecal oocyst production. The drug was not effective as a single-dose drench at 20 mg kg-1 bodyweight. The goats presented no behavioral signs of drug toxicity and the palatability of the drinking water was not reduced by the presence of the drug. It was concluded that toltrazuril holds promise as a drug of value for the control of coccidiosis in goat production. C1 MOBAY CORP,DIV ANIM HLTH,SHAWNEE MISSION,KS 66201. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP FRANDSEN, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(92)90073-O PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HC828 UT WOS:A1992HC82800010 ER PT J AU HAACK, RA HERMS, DA AYRES, BD AYRES, MP SNIDER, MLD AF HAACK, RA HERMS, DA AYRES, BD AYRES, MP SNIDER, MLD GP USDA TI GENETIC-BASIS OF SEMIOCHEMICALLY MEDIATED BARK BEETLE-PREDATOR COEVOLUTION - IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING MASS-TRAPPING TECHNOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON BARK BEETLE GENETICS : CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON BARK BEETLE GENETICS : CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH CY MAY 17-18, 1992 CL BERKELEY, CA RP HAACK, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA BERKELEY J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1992 VL 138 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BY73U UT WOS:A1992BY73U00012 ER PT J AU GARNSEY, SM AF GARNSEY, SM BE Childers, NF TI TOLERANCE OF GOU TOU ROOTSTOCK TO SEVERE EXOTIC ISOLATES OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS (CTV) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE TRISTEZA DECLINE; STEM PITTING; SOUR ORANGE C1 USDA ARS,SAA,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00011 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, DT AF KAPLAN, DT BE Childers, NF TI RESISTANCE OF CARRIZO CITRANGE SEEDLINGS TO BIOTYPES OF THE BURROWING NEMATODE (RADOPHOLUS-CITROPHILUS) - IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT OF SPREADING DECLINE IN FLORIDA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00014 ER PT J AU HEARN, CJ AF HEARN, CJ BE Childers, NF TI CURRENT INVENTORY AND THE ROLE OF NEW CITRUS SCION CULTIVARS IN FLORIDA IN 1992 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE ORANGE; GRAPEFRUIT; TANGERINE; TANGELO C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00015 ER PT S AU HUTCHISON, DJ HEARN, CJ BISTLINE, FW AF HUTCHISON, DJ HEARN, CJ BISTLINE, FW BE Childers, NF TI THE PERFORMANCE OF VALENCIA ORANGE TREES ON 21 ROOTSTOCKS IN THE FLORIDA FLATWOODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE TREE SIZE; YIELD; FRUIT QUALITY; SURVIVAL C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00018 ER PT J AU WUTSCHER, HK AF WUTSCHER, HK BE Childers, NF TI VARIATION IN EXTRACTABLE MINERAL ELEMENTS IN THE SOIL UNDER 3 CITRUS ROOTSTOCK TESTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE SOIL VARIABILITY; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00022 ER PT J AU HANSEN, JD SHARP, JL AF HANSEN, JD SHARP, JL BE Childers, NF TI HEATING AND COOLING RATES OF SWEET-POTATOES DURING POSTHARVEST THERMAL TREATMENTS AS INFLUENCED BY COMMODITY SIZE AND CHAMBER TEMPERATURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE QUARANTINE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL C1 USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 95 EP 97 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00028 ER PT S AU MCCOLLUM, TG DAQUINO, S MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE AF MCCOLLUM, TG DAQUINO, S MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE BE Childers, NF TI INDIVIDUAL SHRINK FILM WRAPPING OF MANGOES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE MANGIFERA-INDICA; RESPIRATION; ETHYLENE; FRUIT QUALITY; POSTHARVEST C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00031 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE BE Childers, NF TI CONDITION OF PREHARVEST GA-TREATED GRAPEFRUIT AFTER COLD TREATMENT AND STORAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE CITRUS-PARADISI MACF; POSTHARVEST; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; CONDITION C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00036 ER PT J AU SHARP, JL AF SHARP, JL BE Childers, NF TI STATUS OF HOT AIR AS A QUARANTINE TREATMENT TO CONTROL PESTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE PAPAYA; MANGO; GRAPEFRUIT; CARAMBOLA; FRUIT QUALITY; FRUIT FLIES; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; ANASTREPHA-OBLIQUA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; BACTROCERA-CUCURBITAE; BACTROCERA-DORSALIS; CARICA-PAPAYA; AVERRHOA-CARAMBOLA; MANGIFERA-INDICA; CITRUS-PARADISI C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00041 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RJ AF KNIGHT, RJ BE Childers, NF TI CHARACTERS NEEDED FOR COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL PASSION-FRUIT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 105TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 105th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY NOV 03-05, 1992 CL TAMPA, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC DE PASSIFLORA-EDULIS; POLLINATION; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; COLLETOTRICHUM; NECTRIA; PHYTOPHTHORA C1 USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1992 VL 105 BP 280 EP 282 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BZ52A UT WOS:A1992BZ52A00085 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE WHITE, RE AF BOLDT, PE WHITE, RE TI LIFE-HISTORY AND LARVAL DESCRIPTION OF EXEMA-ELLIPTICA KARREN (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON BACCHARIS-HALIMIFOLIA L (ASTERACEAE) IN TEXAS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE CHRYSOMELIDAE; CHALAMISINAE; EXEMA; BIOLOGY; TAXONOMY; BACCHARIS; ASTERACEAE AB Adults and larvae of the chrysomelid Exema elliptica Karren feed on leaves of Baccharis halimifolia L. along the southern and eastern coasts of the southern United States. In Texas, there were three generations per year. Adults fed for two to three weeks before mating and ovipositing. Females mated often, laid an average of 178 eggs, and lived 139 days. Eggs were covered by the female with a case composed of partially digested leaf particles. The egg case became the protective case of the larva. In the laboratory, eclosion occurred in about 11 days if moisture was available. Larvae without a case did not survive. There were four larval instars. A taxonomic description and diagnostic characters are given of the fourth-instar larva and pupa. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 94 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HB422 UT WOS:A1992HB42200007 ER PT J AU AZAD, AF SACCI, JB NELSON, WM DASCH, GA SCHMIDTMANN, ET CARL, M AF AZAD, AF SACCI, JB NELSON, WM DASCH, GA SCHMIDTMANN, ET CARL, M TI GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION AND TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION OF A TYPHUS-LIKE RICKETTSIA FOUND IN CAT FLEAS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MURINE TYPHUS; INFECTION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB The identification of apparently fastidious microorganisms is often problematic. DNA from a rickettsia-like agent (called the ELB agent) present in cat fleas could be amplified by PCR with conserved primers derived from rickettsial 17-kDa common protein antigen and citrate synthase genes but not spotted fever group 190-kDa antigen gene. Alu I sites in both the 17-kDa and citrate synthase PCR products obtained with the rickettsia-like agent and Rickettsia typhi were different even though both agents reacted with monoclonal antibodies previously thought specific for R. typhi. The DNA sequence of a portion of the 17-kDa PCR product of the rickettsia-like agent differed significantly from all known rickettsial sequences and resembled the 17-kDa sequences of typhus more than spotted fever group rickettsiae. The rare stable transovarial maintenance of this rickettsia in cat fleas has important implications for the disease potential of cat fleas. C1 USN,DEPT IMMUNOL TRANSPLANTAT,BETHESDA,MD 20889. USN,MED RES INST,RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP AZAD, AF (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 17828] NR 25 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.1.43 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GY047 UT WOS:A1992GY04700010 PM 1729713 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MTB VAKHARIA, VN HENRY, J KEMPE, TG RAINA, AK AF DAVIS, MTB VAKHARIA, VN HENRY, J KEMPE, TG RAINA, AK TI MOLECULAR-CLONING OF THE PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE GENE; INSECT; NEUROHORMONE; SEX PHEROMONE ID BOMBYX-MORI; BRAIN HORMONE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; MOTH; GENE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis in female Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea. Two oligonucleotide probes representing two overlapping amino acid regions of PBAN were used to screen 2.5 x 10(5) recombinant plaques, and a positive recombinant clone was isolated. Sequence analysis of the isolated clone showed that the PBAN gene is interrupted after the codon encoding amino acid 14 by a 0.63-kilobase (kb) intron. Preceding the PBAN amino acid sequence is a 10-amino acid sequence containing a pentapeptide Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu, which is followed by a Gly-Arg-Arg processing site. Immediately after the PBAN amino acid sequence is a Gly-Arg processing site and a short stretch of 10 amino acids. This 10-amino acid sequence contains a repeat of the PBAN C-terminal pentapeptide Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu and is terminated by another Gly-Arg processing site. It is suggested that the PBAN gene in H. zea might carry, besides PBAN, a 7- and an 8-residue amidated peptide, which share with PBAN the core C-terminal pentapeptide Phe-(Ser or Thr)-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2. The C-terminal pentapeptide sequence of PBAN represents the minimum sequence required for pheromonotropic activity in H. zea and also bears a high degree of homology to the pyrokinin family of insect peptides with myotropic activity. It is possible that the putative heptapeptide and octapeptide might be new members of the pyrokinin family, with pheromonotropic and/or myotropic activities. Thus, the PBAN gene products, besides affecting sexual behavior, might have broad influence on many biological processes in H. zea. C1 MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT SURG,ATLANTA,GA 30310. RP DAVIS, MTB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,BARC EAST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 1 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.1.142 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GY047 UT WOS:A1992GY04700031 PM 1729680 ER PT J AU BARNETT, JP AF BARNETT, JP BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI HISTORY OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION TASK-FORCE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BARNETT, JP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 2 EP 6 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00001 ER PT J AU SMITH, OD AF SMITH, OD BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON REGENERATION IN THE OUACHITA AND OZARK MOUNTAINS - THE OZARK NATIONAL FOREST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP SMITH, OD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,OZARK ST FRANCIS NATL FORESTS,BOX 1008,RUSSELLVILLE,AR 72801, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00002 ER PT J AU WALKER, WD AF WALKER, WD BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON REGENERATION IN THE OUACHITA AND OZARK MOUNTAINS - THE OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP WALKER, WD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,OUACHITA NATL FOREST,BOX 1270,HOT SPRINGS,AR 71902, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00003 ER PT J AU BARNETT, JP AF BARNETT, JP BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI PRODUCTION OF SHORTLEAF PINE-SEEDLINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BARNETT, JP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 20 EP 31 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00004 ER PT J AU BRISSETTE, JC CARLSON, WC AF BRISSETTE, JC CARLSON, WC BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI SEEDLING QUALITY AND FIELD PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BRISSETTE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 32 EP 43 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00005 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, PM AF DOUGHERTY, PM BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI SITE PREPARATION PLAN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP DOUGHERTY, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 58 EP 66 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00007 ER PT J AU BRISSETTE, JC CHAMBERS, JL AF BRISSETTE, JC CHAMBERS, JL BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI ROOT ZONE ENVIRONMENT, ROOT-GROWTH, AND WATER RELATIONS DURING SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BRISSETTE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00008 ER PT J AU BAKER, JB AF BAKER, JB BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI NATURAL REGENERATION OF SHORTLEAF PINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BAKER, JB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 3516,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 102 EP 112 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00010 ER PT J AU SHELTON, MG WITTWER, RF AF SHELTON, MG WITTWER, RF BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI EFFECTS OF SEEDBED CONDITION ON NATURAL SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP SHELTON, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 3516,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 124 EP 139 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00012 ER PT J AU GRANEY, DL AF GRANEY, DL BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI SITE INDEX RELATIONSHIPS FOR SHORTLEAF PINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP GRANEY, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,726 W MAPLE ST,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 142 EP 157 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00013 ER PT J AU KITCHENS, RN AF KITCHENS, RN BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI CHOOSING THE RIGHT SHORTLEAF PINE SITE - A FOREST SERVICE VIEW SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP KITCHENS, RN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO REG,REG 8,1720 PEACHTREE RD NW,ATLANTA,GA 30367, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 158 EP 162 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00014 ER PT J AU DENNINGTON, RW AF DENNINGTON, RW BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI MAKING NATURAL REGENERATION METHODS WORK WITH SHORTLEAF PINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP DENNINGTON, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO REG,REG 8,1720 PEACHTREE RD NW,ATLANTA,GA 30367, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00016 ER PT J AU SWORD, MA BARNETT, JP AF SWORD, MA BARNETT, JP BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI RESEARCH NEEDS FOR IMPROVING SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP SWORD, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00018 ER PT B AU BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP AF BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI MULTIFAMILY COMPARISON OF BARE-ROOT AND CONTAINER GROWN SHORTLEAF PINE-SEEDLINGS FOR THE OUACHITA AND OZARK MOUNTAINS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BRISSETTE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00020 ER PT J AU BRISSETTE, JC ANDRIES, CD STANGLE, CM AF BRISSETTE, JC ANDRIES, CD STANGLE, CM BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI MONITORING THE WEATHER AT A PLANTING SITE ON THE WINONA RANGER DISTRICT, OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BRISSETTE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00021 ER PT J AU BRISSETTE, JC AF BRISSETTE, JC BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI EFFECTS OF NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION ON SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS AND FIELD PERFORMANCE OF BARE-ROOT SHORTLEAF PINE PLANTING STOCK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP BRISSETTE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00022 ER PT B AU SHELTON, MG BAKER, JB AF SHELTON, MG BAKER, JB BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI UNEVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT OF PINE AND PINE-HARDWOOD MIXTURES IN THE OUACHITA MOUNTAINS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP SHELTON, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 3516,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 217 EP 224 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00023 ER PT J AU SHELTON, MG BAKER, JB AF SHELTON, MG BAKER, JB BE BRISSETTE, JC BARNETT, JP TI ESTABLISHING EVEN-AGED PINE AND PINE-HARDWOOD MIXTURES IN THE OUACHITA MOUNTAINS USING THE SHELTERWOOD METHOD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION CY OCT 29-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, OUACHITA NATL FOREST, OZARK NATL FOREST, ARKANSAS COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, ARKANSAS FORESTRY COMMISS RP SHELTON, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 3516,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1992 VL 90 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV89B UT WOS:A1992BV89B00024 ER PT J AU MORKEBERG, JC SHENG, HP HUGGINS, RA AF MORKEBERG, JC SHENG, HP HUGGINS, RA TI EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME ESTIMATION FROM RATIOS OF BROMIDE TO CHLORIDE IN URINE OR SALIVA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; DILUTION; INFANT; PREMATURE; KINETICS; WEIGHT AB Use of either urine or saliva samples to estimate extracellular water volume was investigated in 10 men using nonradioactive bromide (Br) and in seven newborn piglets using radioactive Br (Br-82) and chloride (Cl-36). The relation of Br to Cl concentrations in urine enabled an estimation of Br dilution volume from human urine (267 +/- 42 ml/kg, mean +/- SD) that was not significantly different (P = 1.0) from the Br dilution volume calculated from plasma Br concentration (268 +/- 20 mg/kg). Although the Br dilution volume estimated from saliva was not different from that of plasma, the error in the estimates of Br dilution volume from saliva was too large (mean difference, -36 +/- 64 ml/kg) to make its use practical. The data from piglets showed good agreement between Br-82 and Cl-36 dilution volumes calculated from 4-hr plasma samples (356 +/- 14 ml/kg and 347 +/- 12 ml/kg; P > 0.1) and between Br-82 dilution volumes calculated from urine Br-82:Cl-36 and plasma Br-82 (360 +/- 31 ml/kg and 356 +/- 14 ml/kg; P > 0.1). Extracellular water volume can be estimated in both adult and young animals using the Br dilution volume calculated from urine samples. It requires (i) two urine collections: one before and one 4 to 8 hr after administration of Br; (ii) a measurement or estimate of plasma Cl concentration; and (iii) a correction factor that describes the relationship of the ratio of Br to Cl in urine to that ratio in plasma. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MOLEC PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 199 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW106 UT WOS:A1992GW10600011 PM 1728039 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BE MARSH, JA KING, DB LILLEHOJ, HS SCANES, CG AF JOHNSON, BE MARSH, JA KING, DB LILLEHOJ, HS SCANES, CG TI EFFECT OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE ON THE EXPRESSION OF T-CELL MARKERS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN THYROIDECTOMIZED WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEX-LINKED DWARF; K-STRAIN CHICKENS; THYROID-HORMONES; AUTOSOMAL DWARF; GROWTH-HORMONE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE; CLONAL ANERGY; DELETION; THYMUS AB Hypothyroid K-strain chickens were produced by neonatal thyroidectomy and treatment with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil. Thyroidectomized birds were given 0, 1.5, 4.5, 15, or 45-mu-g/kg body wt of triiodothyronine (T3) by daily injection. At 5 weeks of age, thymocytes were prepared for flow cytometric analysis of CT-1a, CD3, CD4, and CD8 expression. Sham-operated birds had the smallest proportion of CT-1a+ cells and the brightest CT-1a+ cells. Unsupplemented thyroidectomized birds presented an inverse picture, while T3-treated thyroidectomized birds were intermediate. Fewer and less brightly labeled CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells were associated with sham-operated birds or with higher levels of T3 replacement. Low levels (1.5-mu-g/kg body wt) or no T3 treatment produced a greater proportion of positive, highly fluorescent cells. The ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ thymocytes were increased (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) by T3 supplementation. Functionally, thyroidectomy produced a decrease in mitogen-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. This effect was ameliorated by T3 supplementation. Further, thyroidectomy produced an elevation of plasma growth hormone concentrations. These results suggest that thyroid factors and alterations of thymic status significantly affect the generation of specific thymus-derived lymphocyte populations and their functional capabilities, perhaps due to changes in the thymic microenvironment. These alterations may have important consequences for the development of immunocompetence and disease resistance in chickens. C1 FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLL,DEPT BIOL,LANCASTER,PA 17604. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST ANIM PARASITOL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP JOHNSON, BE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,100A RICE HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 199 IS 1 BP 104 EP 113 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW106 UT WOS:A1992GW10600017 PM 1530800 ER PT J AU MARSH, JA JOHNSON, BE LILLEHOJ, HS SCANES, CG AF MARSH, JA JOHNSON, BE LILLEHOJ, HS SCANES, CG TI EFFECT OF THYROXINE AND CHICKEN GROWTH-HORMONE ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN AUTOIMMUNE-THYROIDITIS (OBESE) STRAIN CHICKS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER ACTIVITY; SEX-LINKED DWARF; DEFICIENT CHILDREN; TRIIODOTHYRONINE AFFECTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PITUITARY-CELLS; OS CHICKENS; SECRETION; INVITRO; LYMPHOCYTES AB The effect of thyroxine (T4) and/or recombinant chicken growth hormone (rcGH) supplementation on immune function and on immune cell maturation was examined in Obese strain chickens. Day-old Obese strain chicks received the control treatments or were treated with either T4 (supplemented in the diet), T4-rcGH, or rcGH (by daily injection) in a full factorial design. At 4 weeks of age, the proliferative activity of peripheral blood T cells to either mitogenic or allogenic cell (mixed lymphocyte response) challenge was assessed. At the same time, peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes were collected and prepared for flow cytometry analysis. Proliferative responses to both T cell mitogens and allogeneic splenocytes were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by rcGH treatment, while the combined T4-rcGH treatment resulted in a significant increase in allogeneic and in concanavalin A responsiveness, but not in the response to phytohemagglutinin. All supplemented groups showed a significant decrease in the mean fluorescent intensity for CT-1a+ thymocytes, while thymocytes from birds receiving either T4 or rcGH alone had higher proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The monoclonal antibody staining of thymocytes from T4-rcGH-supplemented animals more closely resembled that of the unsupplemented controls. Among the peripheral blood lymphocytes, there were no changes in the numbers of CD4+, CD8+, or slg+ cells as a result of treatment. The mean fluorescent intensity of slg+ cells was significantly decreased, however, as a result of T4 supplementation when given either alone or in combination with rcGH. Finally, the mean fluorescent intensity ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was significantly increased as a result of rcGH supplementation. These results strongly support a role for both the thyroid hormones and growth hormone in regulating and/or enhancing immune function, with changes in functional responses paralleled by concomitant changes in the T cell populations as expressed by shifts in T cell surface marker expression. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST ANIM PARASITOL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT ANIM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP MARSH, JA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,102 RICE HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 199 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW106 UT WOS:A1992GW10600018 PM 1728029 ER PT B AU SCHMIDT, RA TROENDLE, CA AF SCHMIDT, RA TROENDLE, CA BE SHAFER, B TI SUBLIMATION OF INTERCEPTED SNOW AS A GLOBAL SOURCE OF WATER-VAPOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP SCHMIDT, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,IARAIE,WY, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00001 ER PT J AU HELMS, JD AF HELMS, JD BE SHAFER, B TI SNOW SURVEYING COMES OF AGE IN THE WEST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP HELMS, JD (reprint author), USDA,NATL HIST SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,POB 2890,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00002 ER PT J AU MCGURK, BJ AF MCGURK, BJ BE SHAFER, B TI PROPYLENE-GLYCOL AND ETHANOL AS A REPLACEMENT ANTIFREEZE FOR PRECIPITATION GAUGES - DILUTION, DISPOSAL, AND SAFETY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP MCGURK, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,CUMULAT EFFECTS & INLAND FISH UNIT,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00007 ER PT J AU JAIRELL, RL SCHMIDT, RA AF JAIRELL, RL SCHMIDT, RA BE SHAFER, B TI HARVESTING SNOW WHEN WATER LEVELS ARE LOW SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP JAIRELL, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LARAMIE,WY, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00014 ER PT J AU FLERCHINGER, GN COOLEY, KR AF FLERCHINGER, GN COOLEY, KR BE SHAFER, B TI SIMULATION OF SNOWMELT IN A SMALL RANGELAND WATERSHED SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP FLERCHINGER, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00016 ER PT J AU MORRISEY, PS AF MORRISEY, PS BE SHAFER, B TI ESTIMATION OF 30 YEAR AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION FOR SNOTEL SITES IN IDAHO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP MORRISEY, PS (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,3244 ELDER ST,BOISE,ID 83705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00017 ER PT J AU CARMICHAEL, GJ JONES, RM MORROW, JC AF CARMICHAEL, GJ JONES, RM MORROW, JC TI COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF OXYGEN DIFFUSERS IN A FISH-HAULING TANK SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID LARGEMOUTH BASS AB Ten commercially available oxygen diffusers were evaluated for aeration efficiency in an experimental fish-hauling tank similar to those frequently used by fishery personnel to haul high densities of warmwater fishes. All diffusers examined had oxygen transfer efficiencies of less than 15%. Most diffusers were tested with five oxygen flow rates. As many as four sizes of diffusers were also examined. The three most efficient diffusers evaluated were Micropore 100 tubing, carbon stone, and Schramm hose, although their relative efficacies differed depending on diffuser size and oxygen flow rates. Direct injection of oxygen into water circulation pumps was as efficient as most diffusers at adding oxygen to the water. Mino-saver surface agitators were also effective at aerating hauling water. Cost, durability, ease of use, and need for additional equipment all may be as important in hauling fish as oxygenation efficiency. New technology needs to be adapted to increase oxygenation efficiency of supplementation devices used with fish-hauling tanks. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HATCHERY & TECHNOL CTR,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 54 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0035:CEOODI>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HR545 UT WOS:A1992HR54500007 ER PT J AU YAKLICH, RW VIGIL, EL ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP AF YAKLICH, RW VIGIL, EL ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP TI THE FINE-STRUCTURE OF ALEURONE CELLS IN THE SOYBEAN SEED COAT SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; SEED COAT; ALEURONE; ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; GOLGI APPARATUS; SECRETORY VESICLES ID PROTEIN-BODY FORMATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PHOTOSYNTHATE; GLYCINE AB The morphology and fine structure of aleurone cells of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed coats were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy for the period of rapid seed fill up to physiological maturity. Thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas were prepared for each stage. The aleurone is a tissue lining the embryo sac and consists of a single layer of cells attached to the aerenchyma of the seed coat proper. During seed fill, aleurone cells contained numerous Golgi-derived vesicles in the basal region of the cytoplasm that were either free or attached to the plasma membrane along the lateral and basal regions of the cell wall. Correspondingly, the Golgi apparatus were well developed with individual dictyosomes having 5 to 8, highly fenestrated stacked cisternae. The degree of fenestration along the periphery of each cisterna increased from the cis to trans region. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was also abundant, often consisting of up to 30, stacked swollen cisternae which occupied large regions of cytoplasm. Plasmodesmata which connected adjacent aleurone cells was not observed along the dorsal walls of aleurone cells that faced aerenchyma. At physiological maturity, dictyosome cisternae were less fenestrated and had fewer associated secretory vesicles. Stacked lamellae of RER were absent, being replaced by short tubular cisternae and small vesicles. At physiological maturity, the aleurone cells had thick walls, and contained numerous lipid bodies in apposition to the plasma membrane. The cytoplasm appeared densely stained in thin-sections and contained protein bodies and amyloplasts with large starch grains. We conclude that during the period of rapid seed fill aleurone cells produce, package, transport and secrete vesicular contents toward the embryo, that is followed at physiological maturity by the storage of lipid, protein and starch in the same cells. The embryo is the most likely destination for secretory products during the period of rapid seed fill. The fate of the stored food reserves in aleurone cells at physiological maturity may be analogous to that of aleurone tissue of grasses, being utilized during imbibition for processes important to germination. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP YAKLICH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 001,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1992 VL 167 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF01353586 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA HP236 UT WOS:A1992HP23600012 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, MP FARRELL, HM MOHANAM, S LIU, S KIDWELL, WR BANSAL, MP COOK, RG MEDINA, D KOTTS, CE BANO, M AF THOMPSON, MP FARRELL, HM MOHANAM, S LIU, S KIDWELL, WR BANSAL, MP COOK, RG MEDINA, D KOTTS, CE BANO, M TI IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN-MILK ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN AS A CELL-GROWTH INHIBITOR SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-BINDING; CULTURE MEDIA; MAMMARY CELLS; PROTEIN; TISSUE; ELECTROPHORESIS; PURIFICATION; QUANTITIES; REGULATOR; SEQUENCE AB A growth inhibitory protein, mammary inhibitory activity (MIA), was purified to apparent homogeneity from human milk. At concentrations of 5 to 10 ng/ml, the factor inhibited the growth of mammary epithelial cells by 30-80% and also inhibited the growth of normal rat kidney cells. Whereas the cell division of normal human mammary epithelium in primary culture was inhibited by MIA, cell division by fibroblasts from the same tissues was unresponsive. Inhibition was dose and time dependent and readily reversed when MIA was removed. MIA also inhibited growth in culture for three cell lines. The growth inhibitory protein migrated as a 14 kDa protein under reducing conditions on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The apparent isoelectric point was pI 5.0. The amino acid composition of MIA resembled that of alpha-lactalbumin, and sequence analysis of the N-terminal region comprising residues 1-24 and an isolated peptide were identical with the N-terminal and residues 66-81 of human alpha-lactalbumin. In addition, MIA was active in the lactose synthase system. The results strongly suggest that MIA and alpha-lactalbumin are identical proteins. Consistent with these results, alpha-lactalbumin preparations from several mammalian species, including human, goat, cow and camel, were all found to be growth inhibitory for cultured mammary epithelial cells. The inhibitory activity associated with human alpha-lactalbumin was destroyed by digestion with pepsin or chymotrypsin, by carboxymethylation of cysteine, or by cleavage of methionine 90 following cyanogen bromide treatment. The results raise the possibility that during lactation alpha-lactalbumin, a product of mammary cell differentiation, could be a physiologically relevant feed-back inhibitor of mammary cell growth and perhaps of other cell types as well. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIV,SCH BIOL SCI,DIV CANC BIOL,MADURAI 625021,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. NCI,SURG BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CELLCO ADV BIOREACTORS INC,KENSINGTON,MD. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. GENENTECH INC,DEPT MED & ANALYT CHEM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94080. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. GEORGETOWN UNIV,LOMBARDI CANC RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1992 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1007/BF01403376 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA HW446 UT WOS:A1992HW44600002 ER PT J AU ENDO, BY WYSS, U AF ENDO, BY WYSS, U TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CUTICULAR EXUDATIONS IN PARASITIC JUVENILE HETERODERA-SCHACHTII, AS RELATED TO CUTICLE STRUCTURE SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE CUTICLE; CUTICULAR EXUDATIONS; EXUDATIONS; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; ULTRASTRUCTURE; HOST PARASITE INTERACTIONS ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; GENUS-HETERODERA; GLYCINES; REGION; LAYER AB The development of Heterodera schachtii inside roots of a cruciferous host plant grown under monoxenic conditions in an agar medium was observed with video-enhanced contrast light microscopy. One to 6 days after inoculation, roots were excised and processed for electron microscopic observations. Exudates were present on the cuticle surfaces of J 2 and early J 3 juveniles located at feeding sites. Fibrillar exudations were correlated with similar fibrillar patterns in the epicuticle, exocuticle, intermediate zone, and the striated endocuticle. Secretion vesicles assembled at many Golgi sites in the hypodermis, appeared to coalesce and form large electron translucent vesicles in the cytoplasm. We propose that secretion vesicles migrate toward the cuticle, contact the plasmalemma and transfer their contents by exocytosis or a similar mechanism to a secretion accumulation site. These contents are associated with cuticle structure and emerge as surface exudations. C1 UNIV KIEL,INST PHYTOPATHOL,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. RP ENDO, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1992 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1007/BF01320145 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA HA072 UT WOS:A1992HA07200009 ER PT B AU PAULIS, JW BIETZ, JA FELKER, FC NELSEN, TC AF PAULIS, JW BIETZ, JA FELKER, FC NELSEN, TC BE MERTZ, ET TI EVALUATING QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE GENOTYPES BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE AT THE 75TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC OF CEREAL CHEMISTS CY OCT 14-18, 1990 CL DALLAS, TX SP AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, PROTEIN DIV RP PAULIS, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-75-9 PY 1992 BP 122 EP 140 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA BW31N UT WOS:A1992BW31N00008 ER PT B AU WILSON, CM AF WILSON, CM BE MERTZ, ET TI TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE ENDOSPERM STORAGE PROTEINS AND IDENTIFICATION OF NUTRITIONALLY IMPROVED MAIZE SO QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE AT THE 75TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC OF CEREAL CHEMISTS CY OCT 14-18, 1990 CL DALLAS, TX SP AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, PROTEIN DIV RP WILSON, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-75-9 PY 1992 BP 141 EP 154 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA BW31N UT WOS:A1992BW31N00009 ER PT B AU DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA WILSON, CM AF DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA WILSON, CM BE MERTZ, ET TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS IN HARD AND SOFT ENDOSPERM OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE SO QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE AT THE 75TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC OF CEREAL CHEMISTS CY OCT 14-18, 1990 CL DALLAS, TX SP AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, PROTEIN DIV RP DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-75-9 PY 1992 BP 155 EP 173 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA BW31N UT WOS:A1992BW31N00010 ER PT B AU WU, YV AF WU, YV BE MERTZ, ET TI DRY MILLING OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE SO QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE AT THE 75TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC OF CEREAL CHEMISTS CY OCT 14-18, 1990 CL DALLAS, TX SP AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, PROTEIN DIV RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-75-9 PY 1992 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA BW31N UT WOS:A1992BW31N00015 ER PT J AU NELSON, RW HUTCHENS, TW AF NELSON, RW HUTCHENS, TW TI MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A TRANSITION-METAL-BINDING PEPTIDE USING MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY - A DEMONSTRATION OF PROBE TIP CHEMISTRY SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the affinity of aqueous copper ions for a 26-residue synthetic peptide predicted to have metal-binding properties. A specific reaction occurred upon the direct application of aqueous CuSO4 to the matrix/peptide sample remaining on the probe tip after initial mass spectrometric investigation. Results indicated the binding of up to one copper ion per histidine residue and the loss of one proton for each bound copper. Bound copper was not returned to solution upon subsequent cold water washings of the probe tip. These results suggest that covalent interactions, between the copper and the peptide, occurred during the probe-tip application of the metal ion to the sample. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP NELSON, RW (reprint author), VESTEC CORP,9299 KIRBY DR,HOUSTON,TX 77054, USA. NR 9 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290060103 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA GZ130 UT WOS:A1992GZ13000002 ER PT B AU CORNISH, K AF CORNISH, K BE NES, WD PARISH, EJ TRZASKOS, JM TI NATURAL-RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS - A BRANCH OF THE ISOPRENOID PATHWAY IN PLANTS SO REGULATION OF ISOPENTENOID METABOLISM SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON REGULATION OF ISOPENTENOID METABOLISM, AT THE 201ST NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP CORNISH, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2457-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 497 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BW18G UT WOS:A1992BW18G00003 ER PT B AU SVOBODA, JA CHITWOOD, DJ AF SVOBODA, JA CHITWOOD, DJ BE NES, WD PARISH, EJ TRZASKOS, JM TI INHIBITION OF STEROL-METABOLISM IN INSECTS AND NEMATODES SO REGULATION OF ISOPENTENOID METABOLISM SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON REGULATION OF ISOPENTENOID METABOLISM, AT THE 201ST NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP SVOBODA, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2457-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 497 BP 205 EP 218 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BW18G UT WOS:A1992BW18G00015 ER PT J AU HARRINGTON, JA SCHIEBE, FR NIX, JF AF HARRINGTON, JA SCHIEBE, FR NIX, JF TI REMOTE-SENSING OF LAKE CHICOT, ARKANSAS - MONITORING SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS, TURBIDITY, AND SECCHI DEPTH WITH LANDSAT MSS DATA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; TROPHIC STATE; MISSISSIPPI AB This research used water quality data from Lake Chicot, Arkansas and a corresponding set of Landsat MSS data to compare the ability of satellite-based sensor systems to monitor suspended sediment concentration, Secchi disk depth, and nephelometric turbidity. Lake Chicot was selected, in part, because of the availability of a wide range of water quality conditions. Secchi disk depth and nephelometric turbidity are both optical measures of water quality and differ from suspended sediment concentration, which is a measure of the weight of inorganic particulates suspended in the water column. Four different models for these relationships between the satellite data and the water quality data were tested: 1) simple linear regression analysis with the satellite data transformed to exoatmospheric reflectance, 2) a simple linear regression involving a natural logarithm transformation of the satellite and water quality variables, 3) simple linear regression analysis of the digital chromaticity transformation of the satellite data and the natural logarithm of the water quality data, and 4) optimized curve fitting of a theoretically derived exponential model for the relationship between exoatmospheric reflectance and the water quality data. Two different solar spectral irradiance curves and an orbital eccentricity correction factor are tested using the exponential model. Results suggest: 1) Remote sensing from space-based platforms can provide meaningful information on water quality variability; 2) an exponential model best characterizes the relationship between the satellite data and the water quality measures investigated; 3) slight differences result from using the solar curve proposed by the World Radiation Center (as opposed to the NASA standard); and 4) predictions based on optical measures of water quality, rather than measures of the weight of particles in the water column, are slightly better when using Landsat MSS data. C1 USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. OUACHITA BAPTIST UNIV,ARKADELPHIA,AR. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90137-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HD070 UT WOS:A1992HD07000002 ER PT J AU CZAPLEWSKI, RL CATTS, GP AF CZAPLEWSKI, RL CATTS, GP TI CALIBRATION OF REMOTELY SENSED PROPORTION OR AREA ESTIMATES FOR MISCLASSIFICATION ERROR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SUBGROUP MEANS; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; CATEGORICAL-DATA; AGREEMENT; IMPROVE AB Classifications of remotely sensed data contain misclassification errors that bias areal estimates. Monte Carlo techniques were used to compare two statistical methods that correct or calibrate remotely sensed areal estimates for misclassification bias using reference data from an error matrix. The inverse calibration estimator was consistently superior to the classical estimator using a simple random sample of reference plots. The effects of sample size of reference plots, detail of the classification system, and classification accuracy on the precision of the inverse estimator are discussed. If reference plots are a simple random sample of the study area, then a total sample size of 500-1000 independent reference plots is recommended for calibration. RP CZAPLEWSKI, RL (reprint author), US,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90138-A PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HD070 UT WOS:A1992HD07000003 ER PT J AU GEISERT, RD MORGAN, GL SHORT, EC ZAVY, MT AF GEISERT, RD MORGAN, GL SHORT, EC ZAVY, MT TI ENDOCRINE EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOMETRIAL FUNCTION AND CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT IN CATTLE SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ESTROUS-CYCLE; INTERESTROUS INTERVAL; BOVINE ENDOMETRIUM; SECRETORY PROTEINS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; GROWTH-FACTOR; PROGESTERONE; EWE; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS AB Regulation and timing of luteolysis during the bovine oestrous cycle is controlled by the initiation and length of progesterone stimulation. Results have demonstrated that early administration of progesterone shortens the interoestrous interval in the ewe and cow, and removal of progesterone stimulation through a progesterone receptor antagonist delays luteolysis in sheep. Current data suggest that down-regulation of progesterone receptors in the uterine epithelium may initiate events involved in the synthesis and release of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) for luteolysis. Progesterone is also involved in the stimulation of the uterine secretions that regulate conceptus growth and the release of the bovine trophoblast protein-1 (bTP-1) necessary for inhibiting endometrial PGF2alpha release. Conceptus secretion of bTP-1, a Type I trophoblast interferon, increases the concentration of the cellular enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase within the endometrium. The biological role of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the establishment of pregnancy is discussed. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP GEISERT, RD (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 19 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1992 VL 4 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1071/RD9920301 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA JR056 UT WOS:A1992JR05600009 PM 1438962 ER PT J AU KAPER, JM AF KAPER, JM TI SATELLITE-INDUCED VIRAL SYMPTOM MODULATION IN PLANTS - A CASE OF NESTED PARASITIC NUCLEIC-ACIDS COMPETING FOR GENETIC EXPRESSION SO RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMV; SATELLITE; HELPER VIRUS; DNA; RNA; REPLICATION; SUPPORT; TOMATO NECROSIS; SYMPTOM MODULATION; HYPOTHESES ID VIRUS-ASSOCIATED RNA-5; STRAIN-Y; TOMATO NECROSIS; REPLICATING RNA; CUCUMBER; TOBACCO; CARNA-5; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DISEASE RP KAPER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2516 J9 RES VIROLOGY JI Res. Virol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 143 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0923-2516(06)80070-1 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA HG970 UT WOS:A1992HG97000001 PM 1565856 ER PT J AU ROBENS, JF RICHARD, JL AF ROBENS, JF RICHARD, JL TI AFLATOXINS IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; YOUNG BROILER-CHICKENS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; DIETARY AFLATOXINS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CONTAMINATED CORN; PATHOLOGIC-CHANGES; REYES-SYNDROME; WESTERN INDIA; OCHRATOXIN-A C1 NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ROBENS, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NPS,APHS,BLDG 005,BARC W,ROOM 210,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 153 TC 100 Z9 118 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 127 BP 69 EP 94 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KV599 UT WOS:A1992KV59900003 PM 1631352 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD BUTTLER, TM HORNSBY, AG AUGUSTIJNBECKERS, PWM BURT, JP AF WAUCHOPE, RD BUTTLER, TM HORNSBY, AG AUGUSTIJNBECKERS, PWM BURT, JP TI THE SCS ARS CES PESTICIDE PROPERTIES DATABASE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SOIL PROPERTIES; SURFACE-WATER; ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION; PERSISTENCE; SORPTION C1 UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, COOPERAT EXTENS SERV, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP WAUCHOPE, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RI Augustijn, Ellen-Wien/A-9613-2012 NR 186 TC 660 Z9 674 U1 10 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 123 BP 1 EP 155 PG 155 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KP858 UT WOS:A1992KP85800001 PM 1732992 ER PT J AU WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF AF WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF TI TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING AND OBSERVING COMPLEMENTARY IMAGES WITH A LOW-TEMPERATURE FIELD-EMISSION SEM AND SUBSEQUENT COMPARISON OF THE IDENTICAL CELLS IN FREEZE-ETCH REPLICAS VIEWED WITH A TEM SO SCANNING LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYO-SYSTEM AB Initial evidence shows that low-temperature (LT) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) provides high-resolution complementary images of frozen, fractured biological tissues and that the coating or replicas from the tissues can be recovered and viewed in the TEM to compare the identical cellular structures. To observe frozen specimens, a Hitachi S-4000 FESEM was equipped with an Oxford CT 1500 Cryotrans System. The standard Oxford specimen carrier was modified to accommodate a Denton complementary freeze-etch cap that would hold up to 6 hinged 24K gold specimen holders. This combination allowed observation of complementary images of sputter-coated, freeze-etched biological specimens at magnifications up to X30,000. Resolution of sputter-coated images was also compared with that from evaporative coatings. Use of high-vacuum evaporation of Pt/C in conjunction with LT-FESEM provided useful resolution up to X100,000. In addition, after these specimens were observed in the LT-FESEM, their coating, which consisted of a freeze-etch replica, could be recovered from the frozen tissues and subsequently observed in the TEM at even higher resolutions. Consequently, complementary images of frozen, fractured, fully hydrated cells could be observed in the LT-FESEM and then compared to the complementary images of the identical cells that were present in the replicas, which were recovered from the frozen specimens, and subsequently observed in the TEM. Being able to evaluate, compare, and contrast data from these two different EM imaging techniques as well as from complementary surfaces, not only provides additional information about the ultrastructure of a specimen, but also helps to assess the resolution of coating films, the presence of contaminants and the three-dimensional distortion in replicas. RP WERGIN, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BLDG 177B,ARS BARC EAST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 14 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA HC517 UT WOS:A1992HC51700004 ER PT J AU WORLEY, RE DOVE, SK MULLINIX, BG SMITH, M AF WORLEY, RE DOVE, SK MULLINIX, BG SMITH, M TI LONG-TERM DICHOGAMY OF 80 PECAN CULTIVARS SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; PISTIL RECEPTIVITY; POLLINATION; VARIETIES AB Data are presented on dates of pollen shed and pistil receptivity for up to 16 years for 80 pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch) cultivars and selections grown at Tifton, GA, USA. The data are useful for matching cultivars for optimum cross-pollination and minimum self-pollination. Pollination and pistil receptivity dates relative to the industry standard cultivar 'Stuart' are given so that the data should be useful at most geographical locations. Mean number of days of overlap of pistil receptivity and pollen shed ranged from 0 to 8 and varied greatly within a cultivar. Dates of pollen shed and pistil receptivity relative to 'Stuart' also varied greatly thus indicating that several pollinator cultivars are needed to ensure good cross-pollination every year. The data indicate that actual pollen release and pistil receptivity dates are more important in selecting pollinator cultivars than type of dichogamy. C1 USDA,FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP WORLEY, RE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(92)90146-4 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HB906 UT WOS:A1992HB90600010 ER PT B AU SINCLAIR, TR MOSCA, G BONA, S AF SINCLAIR, TR MOSCA, G BONA, S BE Scaife, A TI VARIABILITY IN WINTER-WHEAT YIELDS ACROSS YEARS IN NORTHERN ITALY .2. MODEL ANALYSIS OF WEATHER EFFECTS SO SECOND CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR AGRONOMY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Congress of the European-Society-for-Agronomy CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL COVENTRY, ENGLAND SP EUROPEAN SOC AGRON C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SOCIETY AGRONOMY PI COLMAR PA BP 52, 68001 COLMAR, FRANCE BN 0-9519758-0-3 PY 1992 BP 140 EP 141 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BZ87N UT WOS:A1992BZ87N00061 ER PT B AU SHARPLEY, A ROBINSON, S CIAVATTA, C ROSSI, N INDIATI, R SEQUI, P AF SHARPLEY, A ROBINSON, S CIAVATTA, C ROSSI, N INDIATI, R SEQUI, P BE Scaife, A TI A NOVEL AND SIMPLE METHOD TO ESTIMATE BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF USING IRON OXIDE-IMPREGNATED PAPER STRIPS SO SECOND CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR AGRONOMY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Congress of the European-Society-for-Agronomy CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL COVENTRY, ENGLAND SP EUROPEAN SOC AGRON C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SOCIETY AGRONOMY PI COLMAR PA BP 52, 68001 COLMAR, FRANCE BN 0-9519758-0-3 PY 1992 BP 426 EP 427 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BZ87N UT WOS:A1992BZ87N00180 ER PT J AU HAMPTON, RO ALBRECHTSEN, SE MATHUR, SB AF HAMPTON, RO ALBRECHTSEN, SE MATHUR, SB TI SEED HEALTH (VIRUSES) OF VIGNA-UNGUICULATA SELECTIONS FROM DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An average of 175 seedlings of 155 Vigna unguiculata selections (seedlots) from 21 countries were examined in glasshouses at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Taastrup, Denmark, or at Oregon State University, for symptoms of seed-borne viruses. Of these, several exhibited virus-like symptoms and 76 selections were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of any of six major viruses known to be seed-borne in this host: cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CAMV), cowpea mild mottle carlavirus (CMMV), cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), cowpea mosaic comovirus (CPMV), cowpea severe mosaic comovirus (CSMV), and southern bean mosaic sobemovirus (SBMV). The remaining 79 selections were free of viruslike symptoms, and were not assayed for presence of seed-borne viruses. ELISA-detection of viruses in V. unguiculata was based on a conservative statistical threshold, to minimize false-positive results. One or more of these six viruses were detected in 23 seedlots from nine countries. CAMV was detected in 9/23 of the infected seedlots; CMV and CPMV were each detected in 6/22; CSMV and SBMV were each detected in 4/23; and CMMV was detected in 2/23 of the infected seedlots. CMV was seed transmitted at the highest rate, being detectable in 16/18 of ELISA-tested composite 10-plant leaf-disk samples (Accession No. 250587). CAMV isolates reacted by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) to both anti-CAMV antiserum and antiserum to blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (BICMV), although subsequent DAS-ELISA tests clearly distinguished these two viruses. RP HAMPTON, RO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JL241 UT WOS:A1992JL24100003 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, SM BANOWETZ, GM AF GRIFFITH, SM BANOWETZ, GM TI DIFFERENTIATION OF LOLIUM-PERENNE L AND L-MULTIFLORUM LAM SEED BY 2 ESTERASE ISOFORMS SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB When Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) seed is contaminated by L. multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass), it cannot be marketed as certified seed. It would be useful if a reliable genctic marker could be found that would distinguish between L. multiflorum and L. perenne seed. One potential marker may be an L. multiflorum specific seed esterase, Est-1. The objectives of this research were: 1) to examine seeds of 18 L. multiflorum and 74 L. perenne cultivars to determine if Est-I activity is unique to L. multiflorum; and 2) to determine if Est-1 activity exists in seeds of other Lolium species. Analyses were performed using both native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE). Following electrophoresis, gels were stained for esterase activity. Results of this investigation confirmed earlier reports showing the existence of a unique L. multiflorum seed esterase isoenzyme, not present in L. perenne. Through high resolution native-PAGE, a total of two Est-1 esterase isoforms (Est-1a and Est-1b) were identified. These forms were present together in seeds of all L. multiflorum cultivars examined. The pl of both Est-1 isoforms was 5.15. An esterase of 5.15 pI was also found in L. remotum Schrank. seed. Est-1 activity was not detected in L. canariense Steud., L. persicum Boiss., L. temulentum L., L. rigidum Gaudin., and L. subulatum Vis. It appears that both isoforms could be used as markers to distinguish between L. perenne and L. multiflorum seed. RP GRIFFITH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PRODUCT RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 343 EP 348 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KV388 UT WOS:A1992KV38800001 ER PT J AU MOZERSKY, SM AF MOZERSKY, SM TI CALCULATION OF PARTICLE MASS FROM SEDIMENTATION FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION DATA - THE BUOYANCY FACTOR SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; BOVINE CASEIN; STABILIZATION; SUCROSE; SUGARS; TIME AB Sedimentation field-flow fractionation equations commonly used for calculation of molecular weight are not valid for multicomponent systems in which there is preferential interaction because the buoyancy term (B) contained therein does not take preferential interaction into account. Correct molecular weights can be obtained by replacing that term with the value of B calculated from equations available in the preferential interaction and ultracentrifugation literature, in which the dependence of B on measured quantities (densities and solute concentration) is expressed indirectly through the partial specific volume at constant chemical potential (phi-2'). In the present work an equation for B in the presence of preferential interaction is derived heuristically by applying Archimedes' buoyancy principle to the solvated solute, and B is expressed explicitly in terms of the measured quantities. Equations for phi-2', for the partial specific volume at constant molality (upsilon-2BAR), and for B in the absence of preferential interaction are also derived heuristically. The relationships of phi-2' and upsilon-2BAR to each other and to the values of B in the presence and absence of preferential interaction are discussed. These considerations provide an easily acquired and intuitively satisfying understanding of the basic concepts involved in dealing with the influence of preferential interaction on the buoyancy term and the molecular weight, and indicate the supplemental experimental measurements needed for calculating correct values of molecular weight from sedimentation field-flow fractionation data. RP MOZERSKY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1505 EP 1524 DI 10.1080/01496399208029221 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA JK492 UT WOS:A1992JK49200001 ER PT J AU MCCARTHY, SA GUARINO, AM AF MCCARTHY, SA GUARINO, AM BE Otwell, WS TI SURVIVABILITY OF TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 FROM LATIN-AMERICA SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FISHERIES TECHNOLOGICAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17TH ANNUAL TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FISHERIES TECHNOLOGICAL CONF OF THE AMERICAS / 45TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INST CY NOV 04-06, 1992 CL MERIDA, MEXICO SP SOC TROP & SUBTROP FISHERIES TECHNOL SOC AMERICAS, GULF & CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INST, FLORIDA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, NATL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHER ADM, OFF SEA GRANT, US DEPT COMMERCE RP MCCARTHY, SA (reprint author), USDA,DIV SEAFOOD RES,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM PI GAINSVILLE PA GAINSVILLE PY 1992 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BZ01Y UT WOS:A1992BZ01Y00012 ER PT J AU CHAUBAL, R REGER, BJ AF CHAUBAL, R REGER, BJ TI CALCIUM IN THE SYNERGID CELLS AND OTHER REGIONS OF PEARL-MILLET OVARIES SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION; ANTIMONATE PRECIPITATION; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS; FERTILIZATION ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; LINUM-USITATISSIMUM; ORGANIZATION; MEGAGAMETOPHYTE; PYROANTIMONATE; FERTILIZATION; PRECIPITATION; DEGENERATION; INHERITANCE AB The synergids and other cells of mature, unpollinated pearl millet ovaries were investigated using: (1) freeze-substitution fixation in conjunction with scanning electron microscope observations and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to localize total calcium (Ca) and other elements, and (2) antimonate precipitation to selectively localize loosely sequestered, exchangeable calcium (Ca++). In freeze-fixed ovaries, the synergid cells, ovary wall, nucellus, and other regions of the ovary displayed, respectively and relatively, extremely high, high, moderate, and low levels of Ca. In antimonate-fixed ovaries, Ca-containing antimonate precipitates exhibited similar distribution patterns. In ovaries fixed using the conventional 2% (w/v) antimonate in fixatives, the synergids were disrupted due to precipitate overload. In the ovary wall, precipitates were mainly located in the intercellular spaces. Some precipitates were observed at the micropyle and along the outer ovule integument, associated with diffuse extracellular material, and in the cell walls of nucellar cells proximal to the micropyle. Examination of precipitate distribution inside the synergids was possible in ovaries fixed using 0.5% (w/v) antimonate in the fixatives. Cytoplasmic organelles of all synergids examined exhibited variable states of disintegration. The amount of precipitates associated with the degenerated organelles appeared to be proportional to the degree of their degeneration. Distinct precipitates were localized in contiguous regions of the nucellar cells fused with the embryo sac, the micropylar half of the embryo sac wall, and the filiform apparatus. The results are discussed in relation to the involvement of Ca++ in mediating the functions of synergid cells during fertilization in angiosperms. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 31 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 34 EP 46 DI 10.1007/BF00714556 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA HB196 UT WOS:A1992HB19600005 ER PT J AU REGER, BJ CHAUBAL, R PRESSEY, R AF REGER, BJ CHAUBAL, R PRESSEY, R TI CHEMOTROPIC RESPONSES BY PEARL-MILLET POLLEN TUBES SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; POLLEN-TUBE DIRECTIONALITY; CHEMOTROPISM ID TIP EXTENSION; ELECTRICAL FIELDS; B-CELLS; GROWTH; DIRECTIONALITY; GERMINATION; PARTICLES; GYNOECIA; SORGHUM AB The possible existence of a chemotropic factor controlling pearl millet pollen-tube directionality within the ovary was investigated using three approaches: cytochemical analysis of water-soluble components at the micropyle, in vitro testing of various chemicals for chemotropic activity, and an attempt to isolate and characterize an ovarian chemotropic factor. Observations of pollinated pearl millet ovaries by fluorescence microscopy revealed that pollen tubes enroute to the embryo sac exhibit specific directional turns in the regions of the style base/ovary juncture, the basal placenta, and the micropyle. The placenta and the micropylar regions have water-soluble periodic acid Schiff positive-substances as well as protein; this extracellular material and the walls of the micropylar nucellar cells appear to have associated calcium (Chaubal and Reger 1991). In vitro assays of pollen-tube behavior in response to a range of external stimuli revealed that pearl millet pollen tubes exhibit directional turns in response to: (1) diffusate from excised pistil tissues; (2) glucose, but not to several other carbohydrates; (3) calcium (unwashed polygalacturonic acid-calcium gel); (4) an ovarian water soluble, low molecular weight, acidic protein. These results which apparently suggest the presence of at least three different potential chemotropic factors in pearl millet ovaries are discussed in relation to angiosperm chemotropism in general and the difficulties involved in the search for possible in vivo chemotropic factors. RP REGER, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 54 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1007/BF00714557 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA HB196 UT WOS:A1992HB19600006 ER PT J AU KANG, H HARDNER, C GULLBERG, U AF KANG, H HARDNER, C GULLBERG, U TI LETHAL EQUIVALENTS IN WILLOW, SALIX-VIMINALIS SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE LETHAL EQUIVALENTS; INBREEDING; SALIX-VIMINALIS ID GENETIC LOAD; ALLELES AB The main objective of this paper is to estimate the number of lethal equivalents in the founder population of Salix viminalis L. to be used for breeding in Sweden. The technique is to compare survival fractions in material with different degrees of inbreeding. Since Salix is a dioecious species, two generations of crossings are required to get inbreeding; the estimate is based on comparing full-sib crossings with outcrosses. Since the founder population is made up of individuals from different origins (sub-populations), we have to define and estimate mean lethal equivalents based on the lethal equivalents for each subpopulation. We suggest that these means be determined by using the geometric mean of the survival fractions of the subpopulations, and show how they can be estimated. The probability for mortality in a full-sib crossing given the number of lethal loci in the grandparents is derived. This probability has its maximum when both grandparents have all the lethals in common and its minimum when they have no lethals in common. The range of lethal equivalents among grandparents for different mortalities is calculated. Because of irregularities in flowering and other biological constraints, the experiment was not well balanced. However, overestimation was opted for whenever possible. The resulting upper estimate of population lethal equivalents (1.99, 3.63) is substantially smaller than that observed in most conifers. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT FOREST GENET,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP KANG, H (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT FORESTRY,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1992 VL 41 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA JD089 UT WOS:A1992JD08900009 ER PT J AU FADY, B CONKLE, MT AF FADY, B CONKLE, MT TI SEGREGATION AND LINKAGE OF ALLOZYMES IN SEED TISSUES OF THE HYBRID GREEK FIR ABIES-BORISII-REGIS MATTFELD SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE ABIES-BORISII-REGIS; ALLOZYMES; INHERITANCE; LINKAGE; ELECTROPHORESIS; SEED TISSUES ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ISOZYME VARIANTS; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; LARIX-LARICINA; BLACK SPRUCE; INHERITANCE; PINE; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; LOCI AB Seed tissues (haploid megagametophyte and diploid embryo tissue) of Abies borisii regis were used in starch gel electrophoresis to study inheritance and linkage of isozyme variants. The 10 enzyme systems studied are coded by a minimum of 15 isozyme loci. All loci code allozymes in both megagametophyte and embryo tissues. Mendelian segregation ratios were found for all enzyme systems except ACO and 6-PGD where distortion was observed. Segregation distortion could also exist in other enzyme systems (LAP, PGI2, MNR1, MNR2). Evidence of total linkage is provided for one pair of loci (GR/MNR1) that has never been tested before in conifers and tight linkage for another pair of loci (MNR1/PGI1). C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP FADY, B (reprint author), INRA,UNITE EXPTL AMELIORAT ARBRES FORESTIERS MEDITERRANEENS,DOMAINE DU RUSCAS,4935 ROUTE DU DOM,F-83237 BORMES MIMOSAS,FRANCE. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1992 VL 41 IS 4-5 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA KC471 UT WOS:A1992KC47100011 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, PL LEADER, T CHASE, CH AF ANDREWS, PL LEADER, T CHASE, CH TI THE BEHAVE FIRE BEHAVIOR PREDICTION SYSTEM SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article RP ANDREWS, PL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD JAN PY 1992 VL 58 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA HT656 UT WOS:A1992HT65600009 ER PT J AU WOJCIK, DP NAVES, MA AF WOJCIK, DP NAVES, MA TI BIOLOGY OF CALYPTODESMUS-SANCTUS (DIPLOPODA, PYRGODESMIDAE) A FACULTATIVE MYRMECOPHILE INTRODUCED INTO THE UNITED-STATES SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT, SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; NATIVE FIRE ANT, SOLENOPSIS-GEMINATA; SCAVENGER, BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR; RADIOISOTOPES; DISTRIBUTION, UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; GEORGIA; INTRODUCED SPECIES AB The introduced millipede Calyptodesmus sanctus Schubart was collected in active nests of Pheidole crassicornis Emery, P. dentata Mayr, P. floridana Emery, P. lamia Wheeler, P. metallescens cens Emery, P. moerens Wheeler, Solenopsis geminata (F.), S. invicta Buren, Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola), Cyphomyrmex sp. and Camponotus floridanus (Buckley) as well as in abandoned S. geminata mounds, rotten logs, leaf litter, and pitfall traps in Florida and Georgia. Field and laboratory observations indicate that this millipede is a facultative myrmecophile with no preference for any specific host. Laboratory studies using Phosphorus-32 demonstrate feeding on dead ants, indicating it is a scavenger. The millipedes also ate organic materials in the laboratory. The use of a defensive secretion is described. Collection data indicate that this millipede is relatively common in Florida and Georgia, but has a patchy distribution. RP WOJCIK, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HR376 UT WOS:A1992HR37600008 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ CHAMBLISS, CG BROLMANN, JB SUMNER, SL AF WILLIAMS, MJ CHAMBLISS, CG BROLMANN, JB SUMNER, SL TI DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION AND FORAGE QUALITY OF LINE-8400 STYLO, ALYCECLOVER, AND HAIRY INDIGO SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51ST ANNUAL MEETING OF SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOC OF FLORIDA CY SEP 25-27, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOIL & CROP SCI SOC FLORIDA AB Preliminary legume evaluation trials showed that Line 8400 stylo [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.], although by growth habit a perennial, when grown as an annual remained vegetative later in the fall that many commonly used tropical annual legumes. This suggested that Line 8400 stylo might be useful as a stockpiled forage or late season hay crop in those areas where it failed to perennate due to climatic conditions. Planting date (April or June) and harvest date (August, September, October, or November) effects on seasonal dry matter (DM) distribution, total DM production, crude protein (CP), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of Line 8400 stylo, common alyceclover, [Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.], and 'Flamingo' hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta L.) were determined in an irrigated trial in 1989. Dry matter yield of Line 8400 (1.6 - 8.7 Mg ha-1) did not differ (P>.0.05) from that of comparable age alyceclover or hairy indigo at any harvest date. Seasonal DM distribution of June-planted Line 8400 (>50% after August) was shifted later into the fall than either june-planted annual species (<20% DM after August). In contrast, April-planted Line 8400 made <20% of total DM accumulation after August. In vitro organic matter digestibility and CP of Line 8400 across all harvest dates (467 - 536 g kg-1 IVOMD, 95 - 114 g kg-1 CP) were similar (P>0.05) to comparable age alyceclover (433 - 490 g kg-1 IVOMD, 93 - 107 g kg-1 CP) and generally superior (P<0.05) to comparable age hairy indigo (373 - 470 g kg-1 IVOMD, 77 - 89 g kg-1, CP). This trial indicated that Line 8400 stylo when grown as an annual, regardless of planting date, would be as good if not superior in DM yield, CP, and IVOMD to common alyceclover and Flamingo hairy indigo. RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1992 VL 51 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JR115 UT WOS:A1992JR11500026 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC BELESKY, DP AF WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC BELESKY, DP TI DISSOLUTION OF NORTH-CAROLINA PHOSPHATE ROCK IN SOILS OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE APATITES; COLOMBIA; BRAZIL AB Forage production in the Appalachian Region is limited by soil acidity and nutrient deficiencies including phosphorus. North Carolina phosphate rock (PR), a carbonate substituted fluorapatite, should be reactive in these soils and may be appropriate as a low cost P fertilizer. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the extent of PR dissolution, extractability of P after dissolution, and soil factors controlling dissolution of PR and subsequent levels of extractable P in 32 acidic soil horizons. PR was mixed with each soil at a rate of 500 mg P/kg and incubated at a moisture content corresponding to 33 kPa tension. In an initial set of 15 soil horizons, samples were taken at 0. 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days and analyzed for PR dissolution by the NaOH (DELTA-P) and BaCl2-TEA (DELTA-Ca) methods and for extractable P by the Bray and Olsen methods. A second set of 17 soil horizons was incubated for 30 days and analyzed for extent of PR dissolution and extractable P. North Carolina PR exhibited substantial solubility (1.3 to 71.5% after 30 days of incubation) in a majority of the soil horizons. Soil factors controlling the H+ supplying power of the soil (pH, pH-buffer capacity) and the concentrations of P and Ca in soil solution (exchangeable Al, P-sorption index, P-retention, soil moisture, organic C, and exchangeable Ca) were significantly correlated with extent of PR dissolution. Multiple regression equations indicated: that no single soil property was responsible for promoting the dissolution of PR over a wide range of soils. The levels of extractable P in the soil were significantly related (P < 0. 0 1) to the extent of PR dissolution but were modified by the characteristics of the individual soils. Soils with the greatest extent of PR dissolution did not necessarily have the highest levels of extractable P. Many of the soil properties controlling dissolution of PR were also significantly correlated with extractable P. Organic C apparently played an important role in maintaining the availability of P after PR dissolution. Results from this study suggest that North Carolina PR should have sufficient solubility and subsequent availability after dissolution to serve as a direct application P source in many pasture areas in the Appalachian Region. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP WRIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,NRI,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 153 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1097/00010694-199201000-00004 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HC005 UT WOS:A1992HC00500004 ER PT J AU BACH, LB AF BACH, LB TI SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT IN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS - EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND MODEL EVALUATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION ANALYSIS; EVAPORATION AB Temperature gradients may have a significant effect on soil water movement under certain conditions, but inclusion of these effects adds complexity to the flow analysis. This study was conducted to help clarify the significance of nonisothermal water flow, and to examine theoretical and numerical descriptions of the transport processes. At initial water contents of 0.00, 0.049, 0.099, 0.151, and 0.282 m3 m-3, isothermal and nonisothermal laboratory experiments were conducted to provide direct information on soil water movement in response to temperature gradients. These data were used to evaluate the numerical simulation model SPLaSHWaTr2, and to examine calculation of the thermal conductivity, lambda(theta), the thermal vapor diffusivity, D(Tv)(theta), and the temperature coefficient of the matric potential, C(psi), based on modifications to a theory proposed by Philip and de Vries in 1957. A statistically significant effect of the temperature gradient was found at an initial water content of 0.151 m3 m-3, which corresponds to a pressure head of approximately -1.2 m of H2O. No effect of the temperature gradient was found at initial water contents of 0.00, 0.049, 0.099, or 0.282 m3 m-3. Under isothermal conditions, the model provided simulated water-content profiles that were in good agreement with measured profiles. Under nonisothermal conditions, profiles simulated by the model were in poor agreement with the measured data, using the original values of lambda(theta), D(T-nu)(theta), and C(psi). Sensitivity analysis showed that lambda(theta) and D(Tv)(theta) had a negligible influence on nonisothermal water movement. On the other hand, C(psi) had a significant influence on nonisothermal water movement. Adjusting C(psi) from the original value of -0.0068 K-1 to the value suggested by Philip and de Vries, -0.00209 K-1, improved the agreement between simulated and measured water-content profiles, particularly at an initial water content of 0.282 m3 m-3. With the adjustment in C(psi), the model simulations were in good agreement with the measured data, indicating that the Philip and de Vries theory provides an adequate description of the nonisothermal transport processes. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES,TUCSON,AZ. RP BACH, LB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,UMATILLA NATL FOREST,2517 SW HAILEY,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300005 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ DICK, WA OWENS, LB AF EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ DICK, WA OWENS, LB TI RAINFALL INTENSITY AFFECTS TRANSPORT OF WATER AND CHEMICALS THROUGH MACROPORES IN NO-TILL SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENT; NITRATE; INFILTRATION; BROMIDE; FLOW AB Water that infiltrates through cropland soils can carry agricultural chemicals through and below the root zone, possibly reaching groundwater. We investigated the effect of rainfall intensity on movement of water and chemicals through no-till soil containing earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) burrows and other macropores. Nine 30 by 30 by 30 cm blocks of soil from the surface of a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) field received a surface application of 7.7 kg ha-1 atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and 105 kg ha-1 SrBr2.6H2O and were subjected to simulated rainfall treatments of 30 mm (2700 mL) of water applied in 15-, 30-, or 120-min periods. Percolation through the blocks during and after the rainfall treatments was collected in 64 3.75 by 3.75 cm cells at the base of each block. Average time to start of percolation was 2.2, 4.4, and 51.5 min for the 15-, 30-, and 120-min rainfall treatments, respectively. For the same treatments, percolation volumes averaged 468, 334, and 33 mL block-1. Of the 64 possible percolation sampling cells, the average number of cells that collected percolate was 13.3 for the fast, 5.3 for the medium, and 3.3 for the slow treatments. The largest percolate sample for each block averaged 34, 60, and 51% of the total percolate for these intensity rates, emphasizing the lack of homogeneous flow through soils containing macropores. Average concentration of atrazine in the percolate ranged between 7 and 9 mg L-1 and was not affected by rainfall intensity. A second 30-min-intensity storm was applied 1 wk later to all blocks, producing more percolate with lower chemical concentrations. Transport of each chemical was dominated by percolate volume rather than by rainfall intensity. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP EDWARDS, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 21 TC 112 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300007 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA BARRIUSO, E DOWDY, RH KOSKINEN, WC AF LAIRD, DA BARRIUSO, E DOWDY, RH KOSKINEN, WC TI ADSORPTION OF ATRAZINE ON SMECTITES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NA-MONTMORILLONITE AB Smectites may strongly influence the fate of pesticides in soils due to their large surface area and abundance in agricultural soils. This research was undertaken to determine the effects of smectite properties on the affinity of smectitic clays for atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5 triazine). Samples of the < 2-mu-m fraction were separated by sedimentation from 13 reference smectites and treated with H2O2 for removal of organic matter. A soil smectite sample was separated (< 0.02-mu-m fraction) from a H2O2 and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-treated Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) soil by a dispersion-centrifugation-decantation technique. All 14 samples were Ca saturated, dialyzed free of excess electrolyte, and freeze dried. The mineralogy of each sample was evaluated by a combination of x-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. Values for cation-exchange capacity (CEC), surface charge density (SCD), surface area (SA), and percent tetrahedral charge (TC) were based on structural interpretations of the chemical analyses. Freundlich adsorption isotherms for atrazine adsorption on each sample were determined using the batch-equilibration method. Smectite was the dominant mineral in 13 of the clay samples; the 14th sample was a mixture of interstratified smectite-illite, quartz, and kaolinite. For the smectitic clays, atrazine adsorption ranged from 0 to 100%, and the logarithm of the Freundlich adsorption constant [log(K(f))] decreased linearly with the CEC (r2 = 0.82) of the clays. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated that log (K(f)) values were correlated with SCD and SA values (r2 = 0.83). Inclusion of TC and suspension pH as independent variables in the regression analysis did not significantly improve the correlations. The results indicate that the affinity of smectites for atrazine decreases with increasing SCD, which suggests that atrazine is primarily adsorbed by smectites as a neutral species. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INRA,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RP LAIRD, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 19 TC 188 Z9 198 U1 4 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300009 ER PT J AU PORTER, LK AF PORTER, LK TI ETHYLENE INHIBITION OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; ACETYLENE; NITRIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; NITROSOMONAS AB Small quantities of ethylene (C2H4) are produced by bacteria and fungi in soils. Ethylene is produced when nitrogenase activity is measured by acetylene (C2H2) reduction. Acetylene has been used as a nitrification inhibitor and has been shown to produce C2H4 in flooded rice soils. Whether C2H4 affects the oxidation of NH4 by the soil's nitrifying organisms and at what concentrations was the focus of this study. A Weld clay loam surface soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Paleustoll) was treated with (NH4)2SO4, subjected to various partial pressures of C2H4 and incubated at 30-degrees-C. At designated incubation times, the atmospheres of the incubation flasks were analyzed for O2, CO2, and C2H4 by gas chromatography (GC) and the soil was analyzed for NH4, and NO3 plus NO2 by steam-distillation procedures. At a C2H4 partial pressure of 0.017 kPa, NH4 oxidation was similar to untreated samples. At a C2H4 partial pressure of 0.17 kPa, NH4 oxidation was partially inhibited and, at a C2H4 partial pressure of 4.55 kPa, inhibition was nearly complete. RP PORTER, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,301 S HOWES ST,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300015 ER PT J AU BRONSON, KF MOSIER, AR BISHNOI, SR AF BRONSON, KF MOSIER, AR BISHNOI, SR TI NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS IN IRRIGATED CORN AS AFFECTED BY NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD MEASUREMENT; DENITRIFICATION; SOILS; ACETYLENE; FLUXES AB Nitrous oxide and N2 are the major denitrification products in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). In addition, N2O is considered a gas that contributes to global warming and stratospheric O3 depletion. Minimizing N2O emissions in cropping systems is therefore an economic as well as an important environmental concern. In a 1989 field experiment, the nitrification inhibitor encapsulated calcium carbide (ECC) (0, 20, or 40 kg CaC2 ha-1) or nitrapyrin (0.5 L a.i. ha-1) was banded with urea (218 kg N ha-1) 7 wk after planting corn. Between 1 and 14 wk after fertilization in 1989, N2O losses of 3226, 1109, 1017, and 1005 g N2O-N ha-1 from urea alone, urea plus nitrapyrin, urea plus 20 kg ECC ha-1, and urea plus 40 kg ECC ha-1, respectively, were measured from vented chambers. Nitrous oxide fluxes were positively correlated with soil NO3 levels, indicating that the nitrification inhibitors indirectly controlled N2O emissions by preventing NO3 from accumulating in the soil. Carbon dioxide emissions from the root zone were generally not affected by ECC or nitrapyrin. In 1990, losses of N2O were less than in 1989 (1651 g N ha-1 with urea alone), probably because there were fewer irrigations. Nitrapyrin and ECC addition to urea resulted in 980 and 459 g N ha-1 N2O being emitted the second year. Nitrification inhibitors appear to be a useful tool in mitigating N2O emissions in agricultural systems. C1 USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. PUNJAB AGR UNIV,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. NR 32 TC 117 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300024 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MB TURNER, RS SCHMOYER, DD AF ADAMS, MB TURNER, RS SCHMOYER, DD TI EVALUATION OF DIRECT DELAYED-RESPONSE PROJECT SOIL SAMPLING CLASSES - NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER CHEMISTRY; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; REGION AB The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) identified approximately 600 soils on 145 watersheds in the northeastern USA. Soils were assembled into 38 sampling classes, based on soil characteristics thought to influence surface water chemistry. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to evaluate the utility of the sampling classes. Hydrologic and chemical properties of soils were determined to be the most important for discriminating among the sampling classes. Although sampling class was a statistically significant effect for most soil chemistry variables, only a few sampling classes were particularly distinct (some Entisols, Histosols, and Inceptisols with high base saturation). For most variables, within-sampling-class variability was less than or equal to between-class variability, although this was not true for all of the characteristics evaluated. No better classification approaches were identified in this analysis. The DDRP sampling classes provide a means for grouping soils for efficiency in regional soil sampling, characterization, and aggregation to mapped areas. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV COMP & TELECOMMUN,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP ADAMS, MB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300027 ER PT J AU SEYFRIED, MS HORNSBY, AG RAO, PV AF SEYFRIED, MS HORNSBY, AG RAO, PV TI PARTITIONING VARIABILITY OF SOIL PROPERTIES AFFECTING SOLUTE MOVEMENT WITH SOIL TAXONOMY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soil taxonomy provides a classification framework for large amounts of data collected in conjunction with soil survey work. This framework may be very useful in parameterizing models of solute movement. An important criteria for usefulness is that the classification groupings reduce sample variability. We used nested analysis of variance to assess the effectiveness of the USDA soil taxonomy in describing sample variability. Soil characterization data from a total of 689 pedons sampled by horizon in Florida were analyzed. Eleven different soil physical and chemical properties important to the modeling of solute movement in soils were selected. Depth effects were incorporated by using surface horizon and depth-weighted average values to depths of 50, 100, and 150 cm. We found that the USDA soil taxonomy very effectively partitioned variance, as evidenced by average R2 values of 0.80 for surface samples and 0.90 for depth-weighted averages. Effectiveness improved with depth of consideration, reflecting the importance of subsoil characteristics in the USDA soil taxonomy. In general, the most effective taxonomic levels were the order, great group, and subgroup. This indicates that it is reasonable to lump or extrapolate data within the family or subgroup levels to obtain better estimates of soil property values in Florida. We believe that these results are probably qualitatively applicable to other soil properties and locations, but that quantitative extrapolation should not be done without further study. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT STAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP SEYFRIED, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300031 ER PT J AU GOLLANY, HT SCHUMACHER, TE LINDSTROM, MJ EVENSON, PD LEMME, GD AF GOLLANY, HT SCHUMACHER, TE LINDSTROM, MJ EVENSON, PD LEMME, GD TI TOPSOIL DEPTH AND DESURFACING EFFECTS ON PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF A TYPIC ARGIUSTOLL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; EROSION; REMOVAL AB Information from desurfacing studies has been used to develop simulation models for assessing soil erosion-productivity relationships. No attempt has been made, however, to directly compare the effect of desurfacing on soil properties and crop production with differences in topsoil depth arising from erosion or slower soil development. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of topsoil depth on soil properties and continuous corn (Zea mays L.) yield for both a desurfaced summit and adjacent eroded backslope sites on a Beadle clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiustoll). Field studies were conducted for a 5-yr period. Plots were established on a backslope position consisting of three topsoil-depth classes (E1, E2, and E3). Plots were also established on an adjacent summit position consisting of three desurfaced classes (0, 30, and 45 cm of topsoil were removed in 1965). Prediction equations were developed from 16 variables. The selected equation, with three variables, explained 49% of the variability in grain yield. Depth to middle of the Bk horizon was the most important of the independent variables, explaining 23% of the yield variability, followed by soil water use, and the interaction of water use with depth to middle of the Bk. The equations for the desurfaced summit and eroded backslope plots were significantly different. A reduction in topsoil depth reduced yield more on the desurfaced summit compared with the eroded backslope. This effect was primarily a result of disproportionately higher yield potentials for the summit control plots due to landscape position and soil formation. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. UNIV HAWAII MANOA,COLL TROP AGR & HUMAN RESOURCES,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP GOLLANY, HT (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300033 ER PT J AU BUI, EN BOX, JE AF BUI, EN BOX, JE TI STEMFLOW, RAIN THROUGHFALL, AND EROSION UNDER CANOPIES OF CORN AND SORGHUM SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Modern soil erosion prediction technology, such as the Water Erosion Prediction Project, requires detailed information about plant status in the interrill and rill erosion processes. The total amount of rain that reaches the soil and is available for erosion under vegetated surfaces is a function of rain throughfall and stemflow. The objective of our research was to determine the effects, including the production of stemflow of canopies, of corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Merr.) on interrill soil erosion. A series of rainfall simulations of similar intensity (6.35 cm h-1) was performed in 1989 and 1990 on experimental plots of Cargill SX 383 corn and Garst 5503 sorghum grown on Cecil soil (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult). Runoff and sediment were collected at 5-min intervals over a 1-h period for two sets of treatments each under corn and sorghum: canopy and canopy minus stemflow. Stemflow, plant-height, and leaf-area data were collected from a total of 18 corn and 16 sorghum plants and used to estimate stemflow. Rain throughfall was estimated as the difference between total rainfall and calculated stemflow and was compared with observed runoff. Both corn and sorghum were observed to have high stemflow, the amount being highly correlated to total leaf area. Runoff under sorghum indicated that all the stemflow was potentially available for infiltration. Under corn, however, about one-third of the stemflow may have contributed to runoff. The average sediment concentration was not sensitive to canopy type. Erosion due to stemflow appeared negligible compared with that caused by throughfall. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. CSIRO,TOWNSVILLE,QLD,AUSTRALIA. RI Bui, Elisabeth/C-8849-2011 OI Bui, Elisabeth/0000-0001-7632-1992 NR 16 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300036 ER PT J AU BAUER, A BLACK, AL AF BAUER, A BLACK, AL TI ORGANIC-CARBON EFFECTS ON AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY OF 3 SOIL TEXTURAL GROUPS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB A major cause of soil productivity loss through erosion is attributed to changes in soil water-holding properties or a reduction in thickness of the plant rooting zone. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of management-induced changes in soil organic carbon (OC) concentration on soil characteristics affecting the available water capacity. Four sites each of moderately coarse (sandy), medium, and moderately fine or fine (fine) soils were sampled in four increments to 0.457 m within each of two cropland management systems (conventionally cultivated and stubble mulched) and each of two virgin grassland management systems (grazed virgin and relict virgin). Measurements of the water concentration by weight (P(w)) at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) were made on disturbed soil samples. Bulk density decreased with increasing OC concentration. The magnitude of change was greatest in sandy and least in the medium-textured soils. For all soils combined, a change in sand fraction accounted for about 75% of the change in P(w) at both the FC and the PWP. The change in P(w) was greater at FC than the PWP. A unit change in OC concentration in the sandy soils caused a greater change in P(w) at FC than at the PWP, but in the medium and fine soils the change in P(w) at FC essentially paralleled the change at the PWP. An increase in OC concentration did not change the available water capacity in the sandy group and decreased it in the medium and fine textural groups. Loss of soil productivity induced by erosion in the northern Great Plains is probably more closely associated with a decline in nutrients and biological activity than from a change in available water capacity. RP BAUER, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,BOX 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 24 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300037 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, CL RICKMAN, RW AF DOUGLAS, CL RICKMAN, RW TI ESTIMATING CROP RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION FROM AIR-TEMPERATURE, INITIAL NITROGEN-CONTENT, AND RESIDUE PLACEMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT STRAW DECOMPOSITION; HEAT UNITS; SPRING WHEAT; MINERALIZATION; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; MOISTURE; RATES; SOIL; CORN AB Managing cereal residues to control soil erosion by wind and water requires knowledge of residue decomposition. Four equations were developed to estimate decomposition of cereal residues based on cumulative degree days (CDD) calculated from daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Each is based on the general equation Rr = Ir exp(fN fWk CDD), where Rr = residue remaining, Ir = initial residue, fN is an N coefficient based on initial residue N content, fW is a water coefficient based on a combination of residue and field management, and k is a general decomposition coefficient. Projected decomposition was tested against data for different varieties of soft white and hard red spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (T. durum Desf.), spring and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), triticale (x triticosecale Wittm.) corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from Alaska, Idaho, Indiana, Missouri, Oregon, Texas, and Washington. The mean slope of the line relating observed to projected decomposition for all locations was 1.10 +/- 0.543 with r2 values ranging from 0.76 to 0.99, with most > 0.95. RP DOUGLAS, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR, POB 370, PENDLETON, OR 97801 USA. OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 NR 24 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 272 EP 278 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300041 ER PT J AU SHAINBERG, I WARRINGTON, D LAFLEN, JM AF SHAINBERG, I WARRINGTON, D LAFLEN, JM TI SOIL DISPERSIBILITY, RAIN PROPERTIES, AND SLOPE INTERACTION IN RILL FORMATION AND EROSION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soil erosion increases with slope steepness. We hypothesized that the rate at which short-slope soil erosion increases with slope steepness depends on the prevailing erosion mechanism, which in turn depends on soil dispersibility and rain properties (impact energy of drops and water quality). Soil dispersion, as a function of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and water quality, was determined by shaking soil samples in deionized water (DW) or tap water (TW). Clay dispersion increased with increases in soil ESP and was prevented by the electrolyte concentration in TW. We studied the effect of soil ESP, water quality, and the impact energy of rain on soil erosion while maintaining similar runoff. To do so, we first exposed the soil samples to DW rain on a 5% slope until a surface seal developed. Then we increased the slope to 35% and changed the water quality and impact energy of the rain. Runoff volumes were unaffected by rain properties at the 35% slope. Soil losses increased with increases in the EPS of the soil. Soil losses varied with rain properties in the following order: DW rain > TW rain = DW rain with low energy (mist) > TW mist. Rills were formed by both DW rains (high impact energy and mist). The extent of rilling increased with soil ESP. No rills were formed by TW rains. Under dispersive conditions (sodic soils and DW), runoff was sufficient to initiate rilling and soil losses increased sharply with slope. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SHAINBERG, I (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST SOILS & WATER,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300042 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI INFILTRATION OF SIMULATED RAINFALL - TILLAGE SYSTEM AND CROP RESIDUE EFFECTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Low precipitation limits dryland crop yields in semiarid regions. Irrigation can increase yields, but declining water supplies, competition for water, and high pumping costs have caused an increased emphasis on water conservation in many regions. Water conservation, however, often is hindered by soil surface conditions that cause runoff, even from small rainstorms. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage system and crop residue [winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] treatments on infiltration of simulated rainfall on Pullman (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) soil at Bushland, TX. Treatments were moldboard plowing plus disking, rotary tillage, sweep tillage with residues removed, sweep tillage with residues left in place, no-tillage with residues removed, and no-tillage with residues left in place. Different tillage systems caused significant differences in soil aggregate size, aggregate stability, organic-matter concentration, initial water content, sediment loss during the rainstorms, bulk density, surface residue cover, and surface roughness. Compared with the no-tillage treatments, moldboard plowing usually caused the greatest differences in the soil conditions. There was no close relationship, however, between any soil condition and infiltration. With limited residues, soil-loosening tillage increased infiltration. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300043 ER PT J AU ISENSEE, AR AF ISENSEE, AR TI APPARATUS FOR STUDYING PESTICIDE DEGRADATION IN THE VADOSE ZONE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID SOIL; METRIBUZIN; FIELD; OXYGEN AB An apparatus was constructed to study pesticide degradation in situ under vadose-zone conditions. The apparatus consists of a 15-cm (i.d.) casing and an enclosed vadose exposure chamber wherein pesticide-treated soil cores, placed in the chamber, can be equilibrated with the surrounding vadose zone at selected depths. Monitored for 100 d, O2 concentrations at 0.5-, 1.0-, and 2.0-m depths were nearly identical to O2 concentrations in control samplers, indicating that the apparatus was in equilibrium with the soil atmosphere and is appropriately isolated from the surface atmosphere. Both radiolabeled and unlabeled pesticides can be studied in the apparatus because the chamber is self-sealing in the event of unexpected flooding. RP ISENSEE, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 330 EP 333 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300054 ER PT J AU VALENTINE, HT GREGOIRE, TG FURNIVAL, GM AF VALENTINE, HT GREGOIRE, TG FURNIVAL, GM TI ESTIMATION OF THE AGGREGATE BOLE VOLUME OF A POPULATION OF TREES BY STRATIFIED, 2-STAGE, PROBABILITY-SAMPLING SO STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTIMAL DESIGN OF FOREST EXPERIMENTS AND SURVEYS CY SEP 10-14, 1991 CL UNIV GREENWICH, LONDON, ENGLAND SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO UNIV GREENWICH ID LOG VOLUME AB A population of tree boles is divided into two strata with regard to height: (1) from stump height to crown height and (2) from crown height to either merchantable height or total height. The aggregate volume of the bole segments in each stratum is estimated by a two-stage procedure. In a first stage, bole segments are selected at random from a stratum by list sampling with probability proportional to size. In the second stage, the volumes of the bole segments are estimated with either importance sampling or control-variate sampling. In a trial with 316 tuliptrees, the second-stage method was importance sampling in the lower stratum and control-variate sampling in the crown stratum. This stratified method was compared to, and found more efficient than, the non-stratified two-stage method of Gregoire et al. (1986, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16, pp. 554-557) which uses importance sampling in the second stage. However, if control-variate sampling replaces importance sampling in the second stage, then the non-stratified method approaches the efficiency of the stratified method. The stratified method seems to be good choice whenever control of the number of upper stem measurements is essential or desirable, or whenever different instruments are used to take measurements above or below the base of the crown. C1 US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0039-0526 J9 STATISTICIAN JI Statistician PY 1992 VL 41 IS 5 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.2307/2348916 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA KD354 UT WOS:A1992KD35400003 ER PT J AU GREGOIRE, TG WILLIAMS, M AF GREGOIRE, TG WILLIAMS, M TI IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE COMPONENTS OF NONMEASUREMENT ERROR IN THE APPLICATION OF STANDARD VOLUME EQUATIONS SO STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTIMAL DESIGN OF FOREST EXPERIMENTS AND SURVEYS CY SEP 10-14, 1991 CL UNIV GREENWICH, LONDON, ENGLAND SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO UNIV GREENWICH ID SENSITIVITY AB We consider the prediction of stem volume of a tree by means of simple linear regression wherein the explanatory variable is D2H; D is the bole diameter measured outside bark at breast height and H is the total height of the tree. Given a fitted equation, a tree whose volume is to be predicted must be measured for D and H. Two sources of error account for the deviation of predicted tree volume from V the actual tree volume, i.e. (1) error in the estimated coefficients of the volume function and (2) variation of V around its expected value conditional upon D2H. Owing to the greater difficulty and expense of measuring H in forest conditions, a standard practice is to predict its value from a regression on diameter. Consequently the prediction of V, V say, is subject to additional sources of error due to (1) the error in the estimated coefficients of the height-diameter function and (2) the variation of H around its expected value conditional on D. An empirical study of a population of more than 14000 loblolly pine trees was undertaken with the objective of quantifying the average proportion of overall prediction error which was due to these components. The exact mean square error of the vector of predicted volume, V, is also derived. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0039-0526 J9 STATISTICIAN JI Statistician PY 1992 VL 41 IS 5 BP 509 EP 518 DI 10.2307/2348917 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA KD354 UT WOS:A1992KD35400004 ER PT J AU JOHNSRUD, MD AF JOHNSRUD, MD BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI INTERVENTION FOR AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00014 ER PT J AU WHITENER, LA AF WHITENER, LA BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI THE AGRICULTURAL WORK FORCE - PATTERNS AND TRENDS SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 107 EP 122 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00018 ER PT J AU KUGLER, DE AF KUGLER, DE BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI INDUSTRIAL CROPS OF THE FUTURE SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 USDA,OFF AGR MAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00020 ER PT J AU PETERS, PA AF PETERS, PA BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI A FORESTRY PERSPECTIVE SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 US FOREST SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00044 ER PT J AU BROWN, MS FERRERACERRATO, R BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF BROWN, MS FERRERACERRATO, R BETHLENFALVAY, GJ TI MYCORRHIZA-MEDIATED NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ASSOCIATED SOYBEAN AND CORN PLANTS EVALUATED BY THE DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM (DRIS) SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE CORN; MYCORRHIZA; NITROGEN FIXATION; NUTRIENT TRANSFER; PLANT NUTRITION; ROOT NODULE; SOYBEAN ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL; CARBON; NITROGEN; FUNGI AB The objective of the study was to determine if plants whose vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) mycelium had access to the root zone of an adjacent plant developed different growth, nutritional, and symbiotic characteristics from VAM plants grown under identical conditions, but separated by a barrier in the soil. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Clark) plants associated with corn (Zea mays L.) by VAM hyphae had greater nodule activity (C2H2 reduction) than plants of the nonassociated comparison treatment. In associated corn plants, cob dry mass and VAM colonization were significantly smaller than in nonassociated plants. Concentrations of N in associated soybeans, and P in nonassociated ones, were very significantly greater than in their respective nonassociated or associated counterparts. However, nutrient status evaluated by indices of the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) showed differences in the levels of N, P, and K deficiencies or sufficiencies. Nutrient balance was better in the associated than in the nonassociated plants. Transport of products of photosynthesis was investigated by exposing the corn plants to (CO2)-C-13 and later evaluating the distribution of the C among plants and soil. All of these data suggest that nutrient distribution is modified in plant associations that include VAM hyphae. Implications of this phenomenon for agro-ecosystem management are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. COLEGIO POSTGRAD,CTR EDAFOL,MONTECILLO 56230,MEXICO. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GW793 UT WOS:A1992GW79300007 ER PT J AU DIOP, TA BECARD, G PICHE, Y AF DIOP, TA BECARD, G PICHE, Y TI LONG-TERM INVITRO CULTURE OF AN ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS, GIGASPORA-MARGARITA, ON RI T-DNA TRANSFORMED ROOTS OF CARROT SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE GIGASPORA-MARGARITA; RI T-DNA TRANSFORMED ROOT; INVITRO SPORULATION ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; SPORULATION; VIABILITY AB The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita was inoculated on Ri T-DNA transformed roots of carrot. Both organisms were grown for a long period (one year) and various features of the symbiosis were studied quantitatively and correlated to evaluate the in vitro system. Root biomass, intramatrical mycelium and production of spores were quantified. The infection units (penetration points with typical arbuscules) simultaneously increased in number and length over the culture period, and mostly when root growth declined. Sporulation of Gigaspora margarita took place after establishment of extensive hyphal biomass (1mo) and was still actively occurring after one year in culture. The new spores (450/dish) were of the expected color, shape and size, and germinated (95%) on fresh medium without pretreatment. C1 UNIV LAVAL,FAC FORESTERIE & GEOMAT,CTR RECH BIOL FORESTIERE,DEPT SCI FORESTIERES,ST FOY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JX031 UT WOS:A1992JX03100004 ER PT J AU FRYXELL, PA CRAVEN, LA STEWART, JM AF FRYXELL, PA CRAVEN, LA STEWART, JM TI A REVISION OF GOSSYPIUM SECT GRANDICALYX (MALVACEAE), INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF 6 NEW SPECIES SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Gossypium sect. Grandicalyx occurs in tropical Australia, with all of the 11 species being found in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia except G. cunninghamii, which is found on the Cobourg Peninsula. Six new species, G. enthyle, G. exiguum, G. londonderriense, G. marchantii, G. nobile, and G. rotundifolium are described and illustrated. Chromosome counts, all 2n = 26, are presented for seven species. The Kimberley region is characterized by a monsoon rainfall pattern and regular fires. The adaptation of these plants to this regime is discussed. C1 CSIRO,AUSTRALIAN NATL HERBARIUM,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP FRYXELL, PA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 91 EP 114 DI 10.2307/2419068 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA HB458 UT WOS:A1992HB45800010 ER PT J AU SAWHNEY, APS ROBERT, KQ RUPPENICKER, GF KIMMEL, LB AF SAWHNEY, APS ROBERT, KQ RUPPENICKER, GF KIMMEL, LB TI IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING A COTTON COVERED POLYESTER STAPLE-CORE YARN ON A RING SPINNING FRAME SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 2-FOLD WEAVING YARN; ALTERNATIVE APPROACH AB A new, better method of producing cotton covered/polyester staple-core yam on a modified ring spinning frame is described. The method uses the concept of twisting a "sandwich" formed by two drafted strands of cotton (rovings) on the outside and a drafted strand of polyester on the inside, thus using a total of three rovings. The earlier method used only one cotton roving and one polyester roving [10]. The new method is simple and easily adaptable to the existing spinning frames; piecing of broken ends is also easy. A 67/33 cotton/high tenacity polyester staple-core yam produced by the new spinning system is evaluated. The core of the yam is almost totally covered with a firm sheath of cotton, giving the an appearance of a 100% cotton spun yam. Compared with conventional yams of 100% cotton and 67/33 cotton/polyester intimate blends, the core yarn is significantly stronger than the equivalent 100% cotton yam and the intimate blend yam of regular tenacity polyester. These yams may be useful where a co-axial segregation of different fibrous materials is important or critical. The new staple-core spinning technology can be applied to produce yams from a variety of core and sheath materials, such as Kevlar, PBI, Nomex, cotton, and wool, among others. RP SAWHNEY, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA GZ028 UT WOS:A1992GZ02800004 ER PT J AU WOOLDRIDGE, G MUSSELMAN, R CONNELL, B FOX, D AF WOOLDRIDGE, G MUSSELMAN, R CONNELL, B FOX, D TI AIR-FLOW PATTERNS IN A SMALL SUB-ALPINE BASIN SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIMBERLINE CONIFERS; MORTALITY AB A study of mean wind speeds and directions has been completed in the Snowy Range of Southern Wyoming, U.S.A. It was conducted in a subalpine ecosystem at an altitude of 3 200 m to 3 400 m above sea level during the summers of 1988 and 1989. Indexes of deformation and axes of asymmetry due to wind shaping of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) arc related to wind speeds and directions on a 100 m x 100 m grid spacing over the 300 ha research site. Isotach and airflow patterns are drawn to represent climatological near-ground-level winds. A statistical analysis of the wind data and deformation indexes indicates that the indexes estimated independently by three of the authors were not significantly different at the F0.025 level. Two methods of calculating wind speeds were applied. At lower mean wind speeds in Engelmann spruce, results from the Wade-Hewson method were not significantly different from thc Griggs-Putnam method at the F0.025 level. In slightly higher wind speeds in subalpine fir, the Wade-Hewson method produced significantly lower wind speeds than the Griggs-Putnam method. RP WOOLDRIDGE, G (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF00865991 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JD643 UT WOS:A1992JD64300004 ER PT J AU EHLENFELDT, MK HANNEMAN, RE AF EHLENFELDT, MK HANNEMAN, RE TI ENDOSPERM DOSAGE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LYCOPERSICON SPECIES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON; ENDOSPERM; ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER (EBN); INCOMPATIBILITY ID SOLANUM; BALANCE; INCOMPATIBILITY; PETOTA; CROSS; EBN AB Accessions of eight Lycopersicon species and five yellow-flowered Solanum species were used as males in crosses with 2x and 4x L. esculentum to observe seed set and progeny ploidy. Species which failed in crosses to L. esculentum were crossed as males to 2x and 4x L. peruvianum. In cases of low seed set, chromosome counts were undertaken to establish the nature of the progeny. Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) relationships were determined for the crossability groups. Results support the basic concept of an L. esculentum crossability complex and an L. peruvianum crossability complex. Within the L. esculentum complex, all EBNs appear identical with a value of 2. Within the L. peruvianum complex, more variability appears to exist. The EBN values of this group are higher, and may be approximately double those of the L. esculentum complex. The EBN of L. peruvianum var 'humifusum' appears to be somewhat lower than other L. peruvianum types. The EBN values of S. lycopersicoides, S. rickii, S. ochranthum and S. juglandifolium could not be determined experimentally. Differential aspects of Lycopersicon and tuber-bearing Solanum evolution may be interpreted on the basis of endosperm compatibility. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP EHLENFELDT, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,PENN STATE FOREST RD,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 83 IS 3 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA HB498 UT WOS:A1992HB49800014 PM 24202520 ER PT J AU DINAR, A RATNER, A YARON, D AF DINAR, A RATNER, A YARON, D TI EVALUATING COOPERATIVE GAME-THEORY IN WATER-RESOURCES SO THEORY AND DECISION LA English DT Article DE GAME THEORY; TRANSFERABLE UTILITY; WATER RESOURCES; REGIONAL COOPERATION ID IRRIGATION AB Two empirical applications of Cooperative Game Theory concerned with regional cooperation in the use of irrigation water are presented. Both studies attempt to derive income maximizing solutions for the participants and the related income allocation schemes. Distinction is made between transferable and non-transferable utility situations. The reasonableness and the acceptability of the schemes derived are later critically evaluated. Main findings are: (1) use of utility functions leads to problems in gains allocations, (2) the Core concept may be useless in this application because since it is either difficult to calculate or is-empty in many cases, (3) gains allocation and the derived core are heavily dependent on probabilities of coalitions formation in the Shapley value or the Generalized Shapley Value. C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. TEL AVIV UNIV,COLL BUSINESS ADM,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. UNIV OXFORD,INST AGR ECON,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP DINAR, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-5833 J9 THEOR DECIS JI Theory Decis. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF00133625 PG 20 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA HA355 UT WOS:A1992HA35500001 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR TAPPE, JP THURSTON, JR RIMLER, RB SHUSTER, DE CHEVILLE, NF AF ACKERMANN, MR TAPPE, JP THURSTON, JR RIMLER, RB SHUSTER, DE CHEVILLE, NF TI LIGHT MICROSCOPIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES OF RATS GIVEN MULTIPLE DOSES OF PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA GROUP-D PROTEIN TOXIN SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TESTICLE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; ATROPHIC RHINITIS; SPERMATOGENESIS; MULTINUCLEATE SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATOCYTE; SERTOLI CELL AB Male Holtzman rats were given subcutaneous doses of a purified Pasteurella multocida group D heat-labile toxin on alternate days for up to 22 days. Rats were necropsied at 18 days or 36 days (14 days after last dose of toxin) or when moribund, and testicles were taken for histologic and ultrastructural examination. Other selected tissues, including liver and spleen, were taken for histologic examination. Histologically, testicular and splenic lesions occurred more consistently and at much smaller doses when compared with lesions in other target organs such as liver. Testicular and splenic lesions were present in all rats (6/6) given 0.8-mu-g/kg toxin and were seen in some rats (1/6) given as little as 0.2-mu-g/kg toxin. Only 3/6 rats given 0.8-mu-g/kg toxin had hepatic lesions; no hepatic lesions were seen at doses of 0.2-mu-g/kg. Testicles from toxin-treated rats were smaller and weighed less than controls. Seminiferous tubules were moderately dilated and lined by polygonal sertoli cells. The normal spermatogenic maturation sequence and mature spermatids were absent, and many tubules contained multinucleate spermatocytes. Severely affected tubules were necrotic and mineralized. Ultrastructurally, there was necrosis of adluminal spermatocytes, multinucleate cell formation, and spaces between Sertoli cell plasma membranes. Testicular lesions were similar to those described for vitamin D-deficient rats, vitamin A-deficient rats, vasectomized rats, and rats given intravenous tumor necrosis factor; however, rats given lethal doses of toxin did not have elevated levels of TNF-alpha activity. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA JB475 UT WOS:A1992JB47500012 PM 1411123 ER PT J AU CARMICHAEL, GJ SCHMIDT, ME MORIZOT, DC AF CARMICHAEL, GJ SCHMIDT, ME MORIZOT, DC TI ELECTROPHORETIC IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC-MARKERS IN CHANNEL CATFISH AND BLUE CATFISH BY USE OF LOW-RISK TISSUES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; NOMENCLATURE; LOCI AB Electrophoretic analysis of enzymes and proteins enables aquaculturists to distinguish among stocks of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and blue catfish I. furcatus, and to monitor gene flow, hybridization, and inbreeding. Sixteen previously unreported genetic markers allow much more precise resolution of stock differences. Analysis of low-risk tissue samples (caudal fin, adipose fin, and barbels) enables investigators to obtain genetic data with little stress on individual fish. We have identified at least 69 enzyme locus products in populations of channel catfish (Kansas, Marion, "Auburn," Mississippi, and Red River strains) and blue catfish by use of autopsied tissues. Polymorphic loci account for at least 36% of the loci examined. Allelic polymorphisms fixed between blue and channel catfish were observed at 13 loci. Genetic variation was observed at 17 loci among channel catfish populations and at 5 loci in the single blue catfish population. Analysis of species-specific genetic markers among approximately 400 sampled individuals resulted in detection of two blue catfish that had been misidentified in channel catfish populations as well as four interspecific hybrids. Low-risk tissue samples allowed adequate resolution of 54 (77%) of the gene products examined. The ability to resolve at least 50 enzyme locus products from barbel samples alone will facilitate future genetic studies of populations for which sacrifice of individual brood fish is undesirable. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. GENET ANALYSES INC,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,DIV RES,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 121 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0026:EIOGMI>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HR399 UT WOS:A1992HR39900004 ER PT J AU TICE, EM HENDRICK, JG AF TICE, EM HENDRICK, JG TI DISK COULTER OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DISKS; COULTERS; TILLAGE AB Forces and kinematic behavior were measured for flat coulters having several simple geometries. The lowest draft and vertical forces occurred for thin coulters sharpened to produce cutting faces at a small slope to the flat sides of the coulter. Thick coulters having small slopes produced the greatest rotational speed relative to the forward speed. Consideration of the sliding and pushing components of cutting motion at the soil surface suggested that a large speed ratio may contribute to effective residue cutting. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP TICE, EM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900001 ER PT J AU BOUSE, LF WHISENANT, SG CARLTON, JB AF BOUSE, LF WHISENANT, SG CARLTON, JB TI AERIAL SPRAY DEPOSITION ON MESQUITE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AIRCRAFT; NOZZLES; RANGELAND; PESTICIDES AB Deposition of aerially applied herbicide spray was measured on leaves, soda (drinking) straws, and water-sensitive cards in the upper and lower parts of honey mesquite plants for spray mixture application rates of 18.7, 37.4, and 74.8 L/ha (2, 4, and 8 gal/ac) and droplet spectrums having 325=/-25, 475+/-25 and 625+/-25-mu-m D(v0.5) (volume median diameter). Disc and disc-core nozzles were used to produce the different droplet spectrums. Two types of tubular nozzles (10-762-mu-m inside dia tubes each), included in part of the experiments, produced D(v0.5) of 295 and 311-mu-m at 18.7 L/ha and 330 and 352-mu-m at 37.4 L/ha. Results generally indicated that herbicide active ingredient deposits were highest for the 18.7 L/ha mixture application rate, with some exceptions for which the 325-mu-m D(v0.5) droplets and 74.8 L/ha mixture application rate resulted in higher deposits on plant leaves. No consistent trends were found for the effect of droplet size on the deposit on plant leaves; however, the smaller droplets tended to produce the highest deposits on soda straws. Droplet density (droplets/cm2) on water-sensitive cards was greatest for small droplets and decreased with an increase in droplet size. Droplet density increased with an increase in mixture application rate for most experiments, but not in direct proportion to mixture application rate increase. The tubular nozzles generally produced spray deposits similar to those for the 325+/-25 and 475+/-25-mu-m D(v0.5) sprays. Data on the relative mortality of honey mesquite indicated that larger droplet sizes require increased mixture application rates for greatest efficacy. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT RANGE SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP BOUSE, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900008 ER PT J AU CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM AF CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM TI COMPARISON OF MACHINE VISION WITH HUMAN MEASUREMENT OF SEED DIMENSIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACHINE VISION; SEEDS; MEASUREMENT; IMAGE ANALYSIS AB Length, width, and thickness of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), and perennial ryegrass seeds (Lolium perenne) were measured by a machine vision system and by four human operators using a microscope with a reticle. Statistical analysis showed that the consistency of machine vision measurements was greater than that of the human measurements and required about one-third of the time. Overall accuracy of machine vision system measurements appears to be sufficient to be the basis for selection of screen opening and indent pocket sizes used in seed conditioning operations. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CHURCHILL, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NFSPRC,CORVALLIS,OR, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900009 ER PT J AU HYDE, GM BROWN, GK TIMM, EJ ZHANG, W AF HYDE, GM BROWN, GK TIMM, EJ ZHANG, W TI INSTRUMENTED SPHERE EVALUATION OF POTATO PACKING LINE IMPACTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PACKING LINES; POTATOES; IMPACT; INSTRUMENTED SPHERE AB Impacts were measured through two potato packing lines in Washington State, an elevator-to-accumulator bin transfer, a Pomona(TM) bagger filling 2.27 kg (5 lb) polyethylene bags, and a vibratory box settler, using the Instrumented Sphere (I.S.) developed by the USDA-ARS and Michigan State University. The purpose was to assess the impact levels caused by these handling components. Although damage threshold impact values are not yet firmly established for potato tubers, the results indicate that many transfers on both packing lines caused high g impacts on hard surfaces. (One G = 9.8 ms-2, the acceleration due to earth's gravity.) Laboratory experiments must be completed to determine the impact thresholds for potato bruising. However, addition of cushioning and removal of steel at many transfers would quickly and inexpensively reduce the impact levels and any related bruise damage. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE HARVESTING UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP HYDE, GM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900010 ER PT J AU WOMAC, AR WILLIFORD, JR WEBER, BJ PEARCE, KT REICHARD, DL AF WOMAC, AR WILLIFORD, JR WEBER, BJ PEARCE, KT REICHARD, DL TI INFLUENCE OF PULSE SIGNAL SPIKE AND LIQUID CHARACTERISTICS ON PERFORMANCE OF UNIFORM-DROPLET GENERATOR SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; APPLICATORS; ATOMIZERS; DROPLETS; HERBICIDES; INSECTICIDES; OIL; SPRAYERS; WATER ID SIZE; SYSTEM; DESIGN AB The performance of a pulsed-chamber, uniform-droplet generator was enhanced through the development of a digital pulse generator system. A trapezoidal pulse signal, variable in terms of peak voltage, rise time, dwell time, and fall time, actuated a piezoelectric disk to force droplets through a precision orifice. Variable pulse control enabled precise delivery of either paraffinic oil or water droplets. The effects of each pulse variable on droplet size and velocity were examined using a phase-Doppler particle analyzer and a photographic technique. Droplet size increased with increased voltage, rise time, dwell time, fall time, and integrated area under the pulse curve. Air bubbles in the chamber did not prevent droplet delivery, except for certain combinations of bubble size and location. Dwell time was statistically the most important variable affecting oil droplet size and delivery. Liquid reservoir height was most important for water. Increased pulse voltage tended to increase droplet size and velocity because of increased impulse and momentum. C1 AEROMETR INC,SUNNYVALE,CA. USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH. RP WOMAC, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900011 ER PT J AU PIKUL, JL ZUZEL, JF WILKINS, DE AF PIKUL, JL ZUZEL, JF WILKINS, DE TI INFILTRATION INTO FROZEN SOIL AS AFFECTED BY RIPPING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACROPORES; SOIL EROSION; INFILTROMETER; FINITE ELEMENT MODEL ID RESIDUE; TILLAGE AB Frozen soil contributes to water runoff and soil erosion in the inland Pacific Northwest, especially on fields that are fall seeded. Field experiments were conducted on a Walla Walla silt loam near Pendleton, Oregon, to evaluate the use of chisel tillage to increase water infiltration into frozen soil. Tillage at site 1 was with a single 50-mm wide straight chisel. Tillage at site 2 was with 100-mm wide twisted shovels. Water infiltration measurements were made in the fall, in the winter when the soil was frozen, and in the spring. Water was applied at a constant rate using a rainfall simulator. A finite element model (UNSAT2) was used to verify field measurements of water infiltration for the case when the depth of frozen soil was less than the depth of tillage. The finite element mesh was constructed using a vertical slit to imitate the chisel trough. Tillage spacing to minimize runoff was estimated from historic precipitation records, soil macroporosity features, and unfrozen soil permeability. Undisturbed soil cores, 200 X 200 X 250-mm deep, were impregnated with paraffin and sliced into serial sections to provide details on macroporosity. Cumulative water infiltration was greatest on chisel treatments, compared to no tillage when the depth of frozen soil was less than the depth of tillage. Increased infiltration on the chisel treatments was attributed to the presence of macropore channels. Serial sections of soil cores collected after the soil thawed confirmed the presence of macroporosity. Simulated water infiltration agreed with field measurements and showed that water infiltration was limited by the permeability of underlying unfrozen subsoil. Results also suggest that shallow tillage improves water infiltration only when the depth of frozen soil does not exceed the depth of tillage. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR. RP PIKUL, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900012 ER PT J AU RICE, CE KADAVY, KC AF RICE, CE KADAVY, KC TI RIPRAP DESIGN UPSTREAM OF STRAIGHT DROP SPILLWAYS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPILLWAYS; RIPRAP; DESIGN AB Tests were made to determine size and placement criteria for riprap upstream of straight drop spillways, with rounded or square entrance abutments. Riprap elevations used were 0.0 (D50), 1.0 (D50), and 2.0 (D50) below the elevation of the spillway weir crest. At the - 1.0 (D50) and - 2.0 (D50) elevations, substantial scour occurred only in the vicinity of abutments. At the 0.0 (D50) [crest] elevation, substantial scour occurred both in the center area upstream of the weir crest and in the vicinity of abutments. Tailwater elevation has an important effect on upstream scour. Size of riprap required to prevent scour decreased as the tailwater surface increased above the elevation where it affected the upstream water surface elevation. Test results can be used to design size and placement of riprap that will ensure spillway integrity. RP RICE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900016 ER PT J AU BAUSCH, WC BERNARD, TM AF BAUSCH, WC BERNARD, TM TI SPATIAL AVERAGING BOWEN-RATIO SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION AND LYSIMETER COMPARISON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE BOWEN RATIO; LYSIMETER; LATENT HEAT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SPATIAL SAMPLING ID ENERGY-BALANCE; SENSIBLE HEAT; CALIBRATION; VAPOR AB Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) measurements near a spatially divergent surface may not correctly partition energy fluxes when simply sampling over time. Thus, a Bowen ratio system was designed and constructed to perform spatial sampling and then evaluated by comparison to a precision weighing lysimeter at Bushland, Texas. Results from a comparison of BREB measurements with lysimeter ET measurements on a day following irrigation showed that daily BREB latent heat flux (lambda-E) underestimated daily lysimeter lambda-E by 8%. However, during the daylight period (sunrise to sunset), BREB lambda-E underestimated lysimeter lambda-E by 1.4%; lysimeter lambda-E was overestimated by 0.2% during the period 0630 to 1845 h. Linear regression of BREB lambda-E on lysimeter lambda-E for the duration of the comparison (5 June to 7 June) produced a slope equal to 1.01, coefficient of determination equal to 0.95 and a standard error of estimate equal to 36.5 W m-2. Operation of the system at Fort Collins, Colorado, during an entire growing season showed that the system was functional over the long-term period with minimal maintenance. RP COLORADO STATE UNIV, AERC, WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, NAT RESOURCES RES CTR, USDA ARS, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900017 ER PT J AU WANJURA, DF UPCHURCH, DR MAHAN, JR AF WANJURA, DF UPCHURCH, DR MAHAN, JR TI AUTOMATED IRRIGATION BASED ON THRESHOLD CANOPY TEMPERATURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRIP IRRIGATION; AUTOMATION; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ID COTTON; SIMULATION AB An automated drip irrigation system was controlled by continuously measuring cotton canopy temperature and computing 15-minute averages in a three-year field study between 1988-1990. Irrigation was applied only when average canopy temperature exceeded predetermined threshold values. Threshold temperatures were tested in 2-degrees-C increments between 26-degrees-C and 32-degrees-C. The length of irrigation cycles was shortest and amount per irrigation event was highest for all threshold temperatures during the early growth stage because canopies Were small and warm bare soil contributed to measured canopy temperature. The ratio of water use to reference evapotranspiration decreased as threshold canopy temperature increased from 26-degrees-C to 32-degrees-C, but water use efficiency increased. Average canopy temperature during the period DOY 198 to 273, while net radiation exceeded 300 W m-2 and air temperature at 2 m exceeded 28-degrees-C, increased as threshold canopy temperature increased. Lint yield was highest for the 28-degrees-C threshold temperature and decreased for higher or lower threshold temperatures. Threshold temperatures greater-than-or-equal-to 28-degrees-C restricted water application and created increasing levels of water stress. The 28-degrees-C threshold should provide maximum lint yield where water supply and season length do not limit production. Under limited production conditions a 30-degrees-C threshold may be preferable to a 28-degrees-C threshold because lint yield is only slightly reduced but water use efficiency is higher and cotton matures more rapidly. Maximum yields were produced by 28-degrees-C and 30-degrees-C threshold canopy temperatures in which total seasonal water use ranged between 64 and 84 cm. RP WANJURA, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900021 ER PT J AU STONE, JJ LANE, LJ SHIRLEY, ED AF STONE, JJ LANE, LJ SHIRLEY, ED TI INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF SIMULATION ON A PLANE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; INFILTRATION ID MODEL AB A program which computes infiltration and the overland flow hydrograph on a single, homogeneous plane is described. Infiltration is computed by the Green and Ampt equation and the hydrograph is computed by a semi-analytical method of characteristics solution of the kinematic wave model for overland flow. Default parameter estimation values are supplied by the program for both the infiltration and hydrograph models. Use of the model as a tool for parameter selection is illustrated with rangeland rainfall simulator data. RP STONE, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ, USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900022 ER PT J AU TEMPLE, DM ALSPACH, SD AF TEMPLE, DM ALSPACH, SD TI FAILURE AND RECOVERY OF A GRASS CHANNEL LINING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Note DE CHANNELS; VEGETATION; DETERIORATION AB A grass-lined open channel was subjected to a constant discharge flow for a period of approximately five weeks with flow depth and velocity monitored periodically. The flow was then terminated and the recovery of the failed area monitored over the following two growing seasons. Results of the test suggest that flow durations in excess of the inundation tolerance of the grasses can generate an immediate deterioration in the lining quality and that a period of years may be required for natural recover . C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP TEMPLE, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 171 EP 173 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900023 ER PT J AU DUKE, HR AF DUKE, HR TI WATER TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS AND EFFECT ON IRRIGATION INFILTRATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Note DE VISCOSITY; SIMULATION; UNIFORMITY AB An infrared thermometer measured the temperature of irrigation water flowing in furrows in fields of com and onions. The temperature increased as much as 22-degrees-C from inflow to downstream ends of the field during mid-afternoon. This temperature increase reduces the viscosity of the water sufficiently to increase the hydraulic conductivity by 70%. Computer simulations determined the effect of measured temperature increases on cumulative infiltration and on distribution of infiltrated water during a hypothetical irrigation. For the case studied, the elevated downstream temperature improved the uniformity of infiltrated water down the furrow. RP DUKE, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900026 ER PT J AU LAWRENCE, KC NELSON, SO KRASZEWSKI, AW AF LAWRENCE, KC NELSON, SO KRASZEWSKI, AW TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF THE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF PECANS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; PECANS ID STEAM HEATING TREATMENTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN; FREQUENCY; WHEAT AB Temperature-dependent dielectric properties data were collected on mechanically shelled and separated pecan kernel pieces at temperatures from 0 to 40-degrees-C and moisture contents ranging from 3.2 to 8.9%, wet basis. Measurements by two impedance analyzers with a shielded, open-circuited, coaxial-line sample holder were used in calculating the dielectric properties in the frequency range from 0. 100 to 110 MHz. The dielectric constant and loss factor both increased with increasing temperature, increased with moisture content, and decreased with increasing frequency. RP LAWRENCE, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900035 ER PT J AU ZABINSKY, ZB GREULICH, FE MIYATA, ES AF ZABINSKY, ZB GREULICH, FE MIYATA, ES TI A NONLINEAR-PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO SKIDDER CONGESTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FOREST ENGINEERING; LOGGING; OPERATIONS RESEARCH; LINEAR PROGRAMMING; NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING AB The reduction of yarding costs by alternative optimization methods is examined. A general nonlinear programming approach is presented for selecting an optimal yarding strategy from two different skidder types. A reason that an optimal yarding strategy is not apparent is due to the complex interactions of skidders queueing at the landing. The nonlinear programming approach captures the effect of skidders queueing at the landing with the use of nonlinear equations, whereas a linear programming model is unable to include this important effect. The solutions to both nonlinear and linear programming models are compared to provide some insight into the effect of skidder congestion on an optimal yarding strategy. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,SEATTLE,WA. RP ZABINSKY, ZB (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,LOGGING ENGN PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HY249 UT WOS:A1992HY24900047 ER PT J AU LAUDENSLAYER, WF ENGLAND, AS FITTON, S SASLAW, L AF LAUDENSLAYER, WF ENGLAND, AS FITTON, S SASLAW, L BE Valentine, BE Kie, JG TI THE TOXOSTOMA THRASHERS OF CALIFORNIA - SPECIES AT RISK SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY 1992, VOL 28 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 05-08, 1992 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP WILDLIFE SOC, W SECT C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1992 VL 28 BP 22 EP 29 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BA71K UT WOS:A1992BA71K00004 ER PT S AU PURCELL, KL HEJL, SJ LARSON, TA AF PURCELL, KL HEJL, SJ LARSON, TA BE Valentine, BE Kie, JG TI EVALUATING AVIAN-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS MODELS IN MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS OF THE SIERRA-NEVADA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY 1992, VOL 28 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 05-08, 1992 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP WILDLIFE SOC, W SECT C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1992 VL 28 BP 120 EP 136 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BA71K UT WOS:A1992BA71K00016 ER PT B AU ROH, MS LAWSON, RH AF ROH, MS LAWSON, RH BE KURATA, K KOZAI, T TI PROPAGATION AND TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF NEW FLORAL CROPS SO TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS CY JUL 21-26, 1992 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN RP ROH, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,B-004,ROOM 208,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA DORDRECHT BN 0-7923-1797-1 PY 1992 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Engineering, Mechanical; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Engineering GA BW39E UT WOS:A1992BW39E00001 ER PT B AU STILLER, D AF STILLER, D BE WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM GIBBS, EPJ TI BIOTECHNOLOGY - A NEW APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF TICK-BORNE HEMOPARASITIC DISEASES SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE : CURRENT ISSUES PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1ST BIENNIAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE CY FEB 05-08, 1991 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP AMER SOC TROP VET MED, ADV INSTRUMENTS, CARIBBEAN BIORES, MAYAGUEZ DAIRY, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, NICOLAS CARRILLO CORREA, PITMAN MOORE, RHONE MERIEUX LAB, SCHERING PLOUGH ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN RP STILLER, D (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT ANIM & VET SCI,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-728-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 653 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW42Y UT WOS:A1992BW42Y00004 ER PT B AU AHL, AS MILLER, DA BARTLETT, PC AF AHL, AS MILLER, DA BARTLETT, PC BE WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM GIBBS, EPJ TI LEPTOSPIRA SEROLOGY IN SMALL RUMINANTS ON ST-CROIX, UNITED-STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE : CURRENT ISSUES PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1ST BIENNIAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE CY FEB 05-08, 1991 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP AMER SOC TROP VET MED, ADV INSTRUMENTS, CARIBBEAN BIORES, MAYAGUEZ DAIRY, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, NICOLAS CARRILLO CORREA, PITMAN MOORE, RHONE MERIEUX LAB, SCHERING PLOUGH ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN RP AHL, AS (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RISK ANAL SECT,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-728-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 653 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19640.x PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW42Y UT WOS:A1992BW42Y00019 PM 1626866 ER PT B AU SHAW, J AF SHAW, J BE WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM GIBBS, EPJ TI SENTINEL HERD STUDY OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS IN PUERTO-RICO - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS, JANUARY 1991 SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE : CURRENT ISSUES PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1ST BIENNIAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE CY FEB 05-08, 1991 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP AMER SOC TROP VET MED, ADV INSTRUMENTS, CARIBBEAN BIORES, MAYAGUEZ DAIRY, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, NICOLAS CARRILLO CORREA, PITMAN MOORE, RHONE MERIEUX LAB, SCHERING PLOUGH ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN RP SHAW, J (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,ARECIBO STN,POB 494,ARECIBO,PR 00613, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-728-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 653 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19645.x PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW42Y UT WOS:A1992BW42Y00024 PM 1320840 ER PT B AU WALTON, TE HOLBROOK, FR BOLIVARRAYA, R FERRERROMERO, J ORTEGA, MD AF WALTON, TE HOLBROOK, FR BOLIVARRAYA, R FERRERROMERO, J ORTEGA, MD BE WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM GIBBS, EPJ TI VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS - CURRENT STATUS AND REVIEW SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE : CURRENT ISSUES PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Review CT 1ST BIENNIAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE CY FEB 05-08, 1991 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP AMER SOC TROP VET MED, ADV INSTRUMENTS, CARIBBEAN BIORES, MAYAGUEZ DAIRY, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, NICOLAS CARRILLO CORREA, PITMAN MOORE, RHONE MERIEUX LAB, SCHERING PLOUGH ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN RP WALTON, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-728-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 653 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19650.x PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW42Y UT WOS:A1992BW42Y00029 PM 1626875 ER PT B AU HOUSE, C HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA AF HOUSE, C HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA BE WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM GIBBS, EPJ TI A REVIEW OF AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS WITH EMPHASIS ON SELECTED VACCINES SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE : CURRENT ISSUES PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1ST BIENNIAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE CY FEB 05-08, 1991 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP AMER SOC TROP VET MED, ADV INSTRUMENTS, CARIBBEAN BIORES, MAYAGUEZ DAIRY, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, NICOLAS CARRILLO CORREA, PITMAN MOORE, RHONE MERIEUX LAB, SCHERING PLOUGH ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN RP HOUSE, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-728-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 653 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19651.x PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW42Y UT WOS:A1992BW42Y00030 PM 1626876 ER PT B AU HOUSE, JA TURELL, MJ MEBUS, CA AF HOUSE, JA TURELL, MJ MEBUS, CA BE WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM GIBBS, EPJ TI RIFT-VALLEY FEVER - PRESENT STATUS AND RISK TO THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE : CURRENT ISSUES PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1ST BIENNIAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE CY FEB 05-08, 1991 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP AMER SOC TROP VET MED, ADV INSTRUMENTS, CARIBBEAN BIORES, MAYAGUEZ DAIRY, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, NICOLAS CARRILLO CORREA, PITMAN MOORE, RHONE MERIEUX LAB, SCHERING PLOUGH ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN RP HOUSE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NATL VET SERV LABS,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-728-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 653 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19652.x PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW42Y UT WOS:A1992BW42Y00031 PM 1626877 ER PT J AU SCHULER, JR KENT, RB MONROE, CB AF SCHULER, JR KENT, RB MONROE, CB TI NEIGHBORHOOD GENTRIFICATION - A DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS OF A HISTORIC DISTRICT IN CLEVELAND, OHIO SO URBAN GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB This study examines one gentrifying neighborhood, Ohio City, in Cleveland, Ohio. It utilizes block group-level data and discriminant analysis to identify key variables associated with the gentrification process. Two discriminant functions resulted from the analysis. One function is highly associated with the percentage of college-educated residents and the other associated with a high proportion of white population, aged 25 to 40, with high median incomes. The discriminant power accounted for by the two discriminant functions is 89%. The results of this study argue for increased use of block group data to examine gentrification, since these data allow more accurate analysis of gentrification borders, neighborhood change, and gentrification modeling. C1 UNIV AKRON,DEPT GEOG & PLANNING,AKRON,OH 44325. RP SCHULER, JR (reprint author), USDA,NATL CARTOGR CTR,FT WORTH,TX 76115, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0272-3638 J9 URBAN GEOGR JI Urban Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 PG 19 WC Geography; Urban Studies SC Geography; Urban Studies GA HF764 UT WOS:A1992HF76400003 ER PT J AU BENYUS, JM BUECH, RR NELSON, MD AF BENYUS, JM BUECH, RR NELSON, MD TI WILDLIFE OF THE UPPER GREAT-LAKES REGION - A COMMUNITY PROFILE SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE WILDLIFE; HABITAT; NORTHWOODS; GREAT LAKES; COMMUNITY; PROFILE AB Wildlife habitat data from seven Great Lakes National Forests were combined into a wildlife-habitat matrix named NORTHWOODS. The composite NORTHWOODS data base is summarized. Multiple queries of NORTHWOODS were used to profile the wildlife community of the Upper Great Lakes region. RP BENYUS, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 301 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ395 UT WOS:A1992HZ39500001 ER PT J AU BRAND, GJ ALMENDINGER, JC AF BRAND, GJ ALMENDINGER, JC TI SYNECOLOGICAL COORDINATES AS INDICATORS OF VARIATION IN RED PINE PRODUCTIVITY AMONG TWINSPAN CLASSES - A CASE-STUDY SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE FLORISTIC CLASSES; ECOLOGICAL CLASSES; BASAL AREA GROWTH; SITE INDEX; MINNESOTA AB Evaluates the use of synecological moisture and nutrient coordinates in identifying floristic classes with different site indexes and gross basal area growths for red pine in north-central Minnesota. RP BRAND, GJ (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 310 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KL557 UT WOS:A1992KL55700001 ER PT J AU HANSEN, E AF HANSEN, E TI MID-ROTATION YIELDS OF BIOMASS PLANTATIONS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE INTENSIVE CULTURE; ENERGY PLANTATIONS; HYBRID POPLAR; HYBRID TRIALS; SHORT ROTATION AB Summarizes biomass yield and tree survival data of short rotation hybrid poplar energy plantations halfway through an anticipated 10-year rotation. RP HANSEN, E (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 309 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KL556 UT WOS:A1992KL55600001 ER PT J AU HARRIS, AR STONE, DM AF HARRIS, AR STONE, DM TI ION MOVEMENT IN ACIDIFIED, LOW BASE SATURATED SAND SOILS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE ANC; ACID PRECIPITATION; NITRIFICATION; CATION MOVEMENT AB Describes factors causing cation export in leachate in low base saturated forested sand soils. Reports the effects of varying acid precipitation and litter-humus treatments on ion movement and interaction. RP HARRIS, AR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENTRAL FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 305 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ394 UT WOS:A1992HZ39400001 ER PT J AU NETZER, D HANSEN, E AF NETZER, D HANSEN, E TI SEASONAL-VARIATION IN HYBRID POPLAR TOLERANCE TO GLYPHOSATE SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE INTENSIVE CULTURE; WEED CONTROL; HERBICIDE; GROWING SEASON; CLONAL VARIATION; SHORT-ROTATION AB Reports that glyphosate applied during April or May in hybrid poplar plantations usually results in tree growth increases and that later summer applications often result in tree damage, growth loss, or mortality. Introduces the concept of ''physiological'' and ''morphological'' herbicide tolerance. RP NETZER, D (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 311 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KW071 UT WOS:A1992KW07100001 ER PT J AU ROGERS, LL MCROBERTS, RE AF ROGERS, LL MCROBERTS, RE TI ESTIMATION OF SHRUB LEAF BIOMASS AVAILABLE TO WHITE-TAILED DEER SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; HABITAT EVALUATION; FOREST GROWTH; BROWSING HEIGHT; SHRUB HEIGHT; LEAF BIOMASS PREDICTION; ANNUAL LEAFY BROWSE PRODUCTION AB Describes an objective method for using shrub height to estimate leaf biomass within reach of deer. The method can be used in conjunction with surveys of shrub height, shrub density, and shrub species composition to evaluate deer habitat over large areas and to predict trends in forage availability with further forest growth. RP ROGERS, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 307 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KK138 UT WOS:A1992KK13800001 ER PT J AU WEHR, MA MATTSON, JA BOFINGER, RW SAJDAK, RL AF WEHR, MA MATTSON, JA BOFINGER, RW SAJDAK, RL TI GROUND-APPLICATION TRIAL OF HEXAZINONE ON THE OTTAWA-NATIONAL-FOREST SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE; GROUND SPRAYER; RELEASE; SITE PREPARATION; TREATMENT AB Discusses rate results and associated machine costs and effectiveness of a ground-based herbicide application system. RP WEHR, MA (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,HOUGHTON,MI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 308 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KK139 UT WOS:A1992KK13900001 ER PT J AU WINSAUER, SA MATTSON, JA AF WINSAUER, SA MATTSON, JA TI CALCULATING COMPETITION IN THINNED NORTHERN HARDWOODS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE GROWTH MODELING; AREA POTENTIALLY AVAILABLE; CROWN RELEASE; COMPETITION INDEX AB Describes four methods of calculating competition to individual trees and compares their effectiveness in explaining the 3-year growth response of northern hardwoods after various mechanized thinning practices. RP WINSAUER, SA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1992 IS 306 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KK136 UT WOS:A1992KK13600001 ER PT J AU OHMANN, JL AF OHMANN, JL TI WILDLIFE HABITATS OF THE NORTH COAST OF CALIFORNIA - NEW TECHNIQUES FOR EXTENSIVE FOREST INVENTORY SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE WILDLIFE-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; MULTIRESOURCE INVENTORY; FOREST INVENTORY; WILDLIFE HABITAT ASSESSMENT; SNAGS; CALIFORNIA (NORTH COAST) AB A study was undertaken to develop methods for extensive inventory and analysis of wildlife habitats. The objective was to provide information about amounts and conditions of wildlife habitats from extensive, sample-based inventories so that wildlife can be better considered in forest planning and policy decisions at the regional scale. The new analytical approach involves identifying habitats present on field plots, estimating area present in each habitat condition, and linking the habitat classifications with wildlife-habitat relationship models to describe habitat suitability for wildlife species. The habitat classification system and wildlife-habitat relationship models of the California Wildlife Habitat Relationship Program are used in a case study of the north coast region of California. Tree vegetation types occupy 93 percent of all forest land, and shrub habitats occupy 5 percent. Redwood and Douglas-fir are the most abundant tree habitats; chamise-redshank chaparral is the predominant shrub habitat. Outside parks and National Forests, midsuccessional stages dominate the forest landscape in occupying two-thirds of the timberland area. Two-thirds of forest stands have moderate or dense canopy closure. The suitability of available habitats for reproduction and feeding for eight wildlife species are presented. The estimates of habitat area indicate the availability and patterns of occurrence of these vegetation conditions at a broad scale and should be useful in evaluating potential impacts of proposed actions affecting broad-scale alterations of habitat. The estimates of habitat suitability are used appropriately in regional-level predictions of species occurrence and habitat suitability. Extensive inventory data on special habitat elements such as snags, nontree vegetation, and spatial features of habitat also can be used in resource assessments and ecological research; for example, only 9 percent of the habitat area rated as being of high or medium suitability for reproduction for pileated woodpeckers supports snag habitat required by the species. Large snags are most abundant in dense, pole-sized and larger stands in the redwood type and in large-treed stand's of all densities in the Douglas-fir type. Data from continuing forest inventories also are useful for regionallevel monitoring of wildlife habitats and in habitat simulations. RP OHMANN, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 1992 IS 440 BP U1 EP 48 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HJ705 UT WOS:A1992HJ70500001 ER PT J AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F TI NEW APPROACHES TO VACCINATION AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION POLICY; RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY; PEPTIDE ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; EMPTY PARTICLES; VIRAL PROTEIN; VIRUS; CATTLE; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION; RESOLUTION; EPITOPE AB The economically important foot-and-mouth disease has been successfully controlled in Western Europe by comprehensive immunization using killed vaccine. The author discusses the wisdom of abandoning this policy, and outlines research into alternative vaccines using recombinant DNA technology, in particular using synthetic peptides. RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 30 TC 124 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 IS 14 BP 1022 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90111-V PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA JY397 UT WOS:A1992JY39700007 PM 1335197 ER PT J AU RIZZO, TM GRAY, SM AF RIZZO, TM GRAY, SM TI LOCALIZATION OF A SURFACE DOMAIN OF THE CAPSID PROTEIN OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; LUTEOVIRUSES; RNA C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 186 IS 1 BP 300 EP 302 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90085-4 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA GU994 UT WOS:A1992GU99400031 PM 1727606 ER PT B AU RIALS, TG AF RIALS, TG BE GLASSER, WG HATAKEYAMA, H TI CURE ANALYSIS OF PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESINS BY MICRODIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY SO VISCOELASTICITY OF BIOMATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON VISCOELASTICITY OF BIOMATERIALS, AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE TEXT & PAPER CHEM RP RIALS, TG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2221-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 489 BP 282 EP 294 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV69X UT WOS:A1992BV69X00018 ER PT J AU BERG, NH AF BERG, NH TI ION ELUTION AND RELEASE SEQUENCE FROM DEEP SNOWPACKS IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS; CENTRAL ONTARIO; SNOWMELT; MELTWATER; CHEMISTRY; STREAMS; RUNOFF; LAKES AB Elution of Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and H+ often occurred in that order at a site in the central Sierra Nevada, California, that receives an annual average of 1000 cm of snowfall which is low in acidic components. During eight winter periods of above-base level snowpack outflow, and one spring melt period, on the average 25% of the ions were discharged at the following percentages of outflow volumes: Cl- at 11%, NO3- at 13%, SO42- at 18%, and H+ at 20%. Seven of eight winter outflows were associated with low ionic strength rainfall onto the snowpack. Mean solute concentrations during the first 25% and first 50% of the total outflow were significantly greater than during the last 75% and last 50% of the total outflow for Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-, but not for H+. Maximum solute concentrations were up to 2.9 times the overall event volume-weighted mean concentrations for Cl-, 3.7 times for NO3-, 3.0 times for SO42-, and 2.9 times for H+. RP BERG, NH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 168 DI 10.1007/BF00478371 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA HB332 UT WOS:A1992HB33200010 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL USE OF WASTE-WATER SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE WASTE-WATER USE; WATER REUSE; IRRIGATION; POTABLE RECYCLING; WATER QUALITY STANDARDS; TREATMENT; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOIL-AQUIFER TREATMENT ID RAPID-INFILTRATION; PROJECT; RECHARGE; EFFLUENT; REUSE AB Areas in relatively dry climates often have water shortages and there is competition between municipal and agricultural (irrigation) water use. The problem can be alleviated by using the water twice, first for the cities and then for agriculture after the municipal wastewater has been properly treated. There are now two sets of water quality standards for irrigation with wastewater: a stringent set for developed countries, and a less stringent set for developing countries. Also, more and more cities will have to use their wastewater internally for irrigation of parks, etc., and even for drinking. The latter requires advanced wastewater treatment. Part of this treatment can be supplied inexpensively by a groundwater recharge and recovery system, which also provides storage and enhances the aesthetics of direct potable reuse of wastewater by breaking the pipe-to-pipe connection. The renovated water from a recharge or "soil-aquifer treatment" system generally can be used as such for unrestricted irrigation, but potable use requires additional treatment. RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 1583 EP 1591 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JZ970 UT WOS:A1992JZ97000015 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY AF CHUNG, SY TI ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE THE SENSITIVITY OF AN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON OFF-FLAVOURS IN DRINKING WATER AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS CY MAR 03-08, 1991 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL, INT ASSOC THEORET & APPL LIMNOL, AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC, ASSOC METROPOLITAN WATER AGENCIES, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER CHEM SOC, INT OZONE ASSOC, ASOC INTERAMER INGENIERIA SANITARIA & AMBIENTAL, N AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC, AMER FISHERIES SOC DE 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; ELISA; ANTIBODY; CAMPHOR CONJUGATE; ETHYLENEDIAMINE ID PROTEIN ANTIGENS; MUSTY ODOR; WATER; IMMUNOASSAY; CATIONIZATION; ANTIBODIES; CARRIER; GEOSMIN; SWINE AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) was described previously with a sensitivity of 1-mu-g/ml (Chung et al., 1990). In an attempt to increase the sensitivity, the following approaches were used: (1) new high-titer antibodies raised against a camphorethylenediamine-BSA conjugate; (2) use of a camphor-alkaline phosphatase conjugate as the detecting system; and (3) modification of the ELISA conditions by different blocking agents, microtiter plates, and plate shaking. Despite these approaches, the sensitivity of the ELISA remained at 1-mu-g/ml, indicating that the sensitivity most probably related to the antibody affinity for MIB and not to the assay conditions and antibody titer. RP CHUNG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA HR709 UT WOS:A1992HR70900013 ER PT J AU BECKETT, TH STOLLER, EW BODE, LE AF BECKETT, TH STOLLER, EW BODE, LE TI QUIZALOFOP AND SETHOXYDIM ACTIVITY AS AFFECTED BY ADJUVANTS AND AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM SULFATE; BCH-815; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; PETROLEUM OIL CONCENTRATE; UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE; SETFA; ZEAMX ID AGROPYRON-REPENS; HERBICIDES; HALOXYFOP; TRANSLOCATION; CHLORSULFURON; PHYTOTOXICITY; CARBOXYLASE; INHIBITION; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM AB Ammonium fertilizers, petroleum oil concentrate, and nonionic surfactant were evaluated as postemergence spray additives to improve giant foxtail and volunteer corn control by 28 g ai ha-1 of the ethyl ester of quizalofop or 56 g ha-1 sethoxydim. Additions of 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant or 2.5% petroleum oil concentrate improved grass control, but additions of 10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0), 10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), or 0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) did not consistently affect grass control. In laboratory studies with corn, greatest C-14 absorption from leaf-applied C-14-quizalofop (8 h after treatment) was found with additions of petroleum oil concentrate (80% absorbed) or nonionic surfactant (18% absorbed), while less absorption was observed with treatments containing either no additive, urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, or ammonium sulfate (8 to 13% absorbed). Surface tension and droplet size of spray solutions were affected primarily by additions of nonionic surfactant, petroleum oil concentrate, and the formulated herbicides. Solution density, solute potential, pH, and buffering capacity were primarily affected by fertilizer additions. Nomenclature: Quizalofop, (+/-)-2-[4[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid; sethoxydim, 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. #3 SETFA; volunteer corn, Zea mays L. # ZEAMX. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500003 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA AF BOYDSTON, RA TI DROUGHT STRESS REDUCES FLUAZIFOP-P ACTIVITY ON GREEN FOXTAIL (SETARIA-VIRIDIS) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ABSORPTION; TRANSLOCATION; SETVI ID AGROPYRON-REPENS; WATER-STRESS; AVENA-SATIVA; TRANSLOCATION; DICLOFOP; METABOLISM; HERBICIDES; QUACKGRASS; MOISTURE; BUTYL AB Although drought-stressing green foxtail before and up to 1 d after herbicide application did not reduce control with fluazifop-P in growth chamber trials, extending the drought stress for 2 to 4 d after herbicide application reduced control of green foxtail with fluazifop-P by 40 and 57%, respectively. Absorption and translocation of C-14-fluazifop-P 1, 4, and 10 d after herbicide application were similar between nonstressed and drought-stressed plants. Drought-stressed green foxtail converted slightly more of the parent acid of fluazifop-P to polar conjugates 4 d after herbicide application than did nonstressed plants, but these differences in metabolism were probably not adequate to explain large differences in efficacy. Nomenclature: Fluazifop-P, (R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid; green foxtail, Setaris viridia (L.) Beauv. # SETVI3. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500004 ER PT J AU MILLHOLON, RW AF MILLHOLON, RW TI EFFECT OF ITCHGRASS (ROTTBOELLIA-COCHINCHINENSIS) INTERFERENCE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP HYBRIDS) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED COMPETITION; ITCHGRASS GROWTH; SUGARCANE CULTURE; SUGARCANE WEEDS; ROOEX AB Autumn-planted sugarcane was seeded with itchgrass in early March to give 1 plant per 30.5 cm of row length (1.8 plants m-2). In three of four experiments, itchgrass was allowed to reseed and develop naturally in the second or third-yr ratoon crops. In the first-yr crop, itchgrass stands developed by May 15 and itchgrass was removed after 30, 60, or 180 d of interference. After 30 d interference, on about June 15, itchgrass biomass ranged from 200 to 2700 kg ha-1 in four experiments and reduction in sugar yield averaged 7%. After 60 d interference, on July 15, the biomass ranged from 1400 to 2900 kg ha-1 in two experiments and reduction in sugar yield averaged 17%. Itchgrass removed at harvest in November, after 180 d interference, reduced sugar yield by 19% in four experiments. Itchgrass infestations removed in the second-yr crop on May 1, June 1, and November 15 harvest reduced sugar yield in one experiment by 3, 11, and 72%, respectively, compared to a 2-yr weed-free control. Itchgrass interference reduced sugar yield primarily by reducing stalk population even though full-season interference increased sugar concentration of juice by 2 to 10%. These studies indicate that itchgrass must be removed from sugarcane well before June 15 (30 d of interference) under Louisiana growing conditions to prevent a rapid increase in itchgrass biomass and loss in sugar yield. However, sugarcane stands and yield recovered almost completely when maintained weed free in the second-yr crop following full-season itchgrass interference in the first-yr crop. RP MILLHOLON, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70360, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500009 ER PT J AU KWON, SL SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE AF KWON, SL SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE TI COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RED RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) AND RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED BIOLOGY; ORYSA AB Growth and development of red rice (strawhull) and 'Lemont' and 'Newbonnet' rice were compared in 1987 and 1988 under noncompetitive field conditions at Stuttgart, AR. Growth and developmental differences were greater between red rice and rice than between rice cultivars. Compared to rice, red rice was taller, produced more culms m-2 and aboveground dry weight, had higher leaf area indices, and had a greater flag leaf area. Also, it had lower leaf to stem ratios late in the season, had greater crop growth rate early in the season but less late in the season, and produced a lower grain weight than rice. Compared to Newbonnet, Lemont plants were shorter at 60 d after emergence or later, produced more culms m-2, had a greater leaf area index, and produced higher grain weight than Newbonnet. Also, Lemont and Newbonnet produced comparable leaf to stem ratios, crop growth rates, and flag leaf areas. C1 USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,ALTHEIMER LAB,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500011 ER PT J AU NISSEN, SJ MASTERS, RA LEE, DJ ROWE, ML AF NISSEN, SJ MASTERS, RA LEE, DJ ROWE, ML TI COMPARISON OF RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN CHLOROPLAST DNA OF 5 LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA SPP) ACCESSIONS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; EPHES ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AGAROSE GELS; ESULA L; EVOLUTION; GENOMES; COMPLEX; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; INHERITANCE; VARIABILITY AB Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were analyzed to assess genetic variation and relatedness among selections of North American and Eurasian leafy spurge. Leafy spurge accessions from Nebraska, Montana, Russia, Italy, and Austria were evaluated. Total DNA was extracted from young leaves and digested with the restriction endonuclease, EcoRI. CpDNA fragment patterns were determined by Southern blot analysis using mung bean cpDNA probes. Colinearity between the mung bean and leafy spurge chloroplast genomes was indicated by the observation that common fragments were hybridized by adjacent probes. Minimum estimates of chloroplast genome size for the five leafy spurge accessions, which ranged in kilobase size from 130 to 132, were within the size range of most terrestrial plants. Structural collinearity and reasonable estimates of chloroplast genome size provided evidence that the mung bean cpDNA library was suitable for characterizing leafy spurge cpDNA. Seven of the 13 mung bean probes hybridized to polymorphic leafy spurge cpDNA fragments. Based on number of polymorphisms unique to each Eurasian accession, the Austrian accession appeared to be most divergent followed by the Italian and Russian. The North American accessions seem to be most closely related to each other and to the Russian leafy spurge accession. C1 USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP NISSEN, SJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500012 ER PT J AU TWORKOSKI, T AF TWORKOSKI, T TI DEVELOPMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING IN CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHLOEM TRANSPORT; CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES; FRUCTAN ID PLANT-GROWTH STAGE; TRANSLOCATION; TEMPERATURE; ROOTS AB Under field conditions, more photoassimilate moved to roots of Canada thistle at the bolt than at the bud, flower, or postflower stages. Similarly, greater photoassimilate accumulated in roots of Canada thistle in the greenhouse at the rosette and bolt than at the flower bud stage. Growth chamber experiments indicated that environmental conditions typical of fall, and possibly early spring, favored photoassimilate movement to the root and superseded growth stage control of assimilate partitioning. Allocation of assimilate within the root was strongly influenced by growth stage, with most assimilate being utilized for growth at the rosette stage and for fructan reserves in bolt and flower bud stages. Nomenclature: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. #3 CIRAR. RP TWORKOSKI, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500015 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD PROOST, RT AF BUHLER, DD PROOST, RT TI INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION TIME ON BIOACTIVITY OF IMAZETHAPYR IN NO-TILLAGE SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION TILLAGE; EARLY PREPLANT; HERBICIDE CARRYOVER; ABUTH; CHEAL; SETFA ID WEED-CONTROL AB Field research was conducted at Arlington, WI, in 1988 and 1989 to determine the influence of application time on weed control and residue carryover with imazethapyr in no-tillage soybean production. Imazethapyr at greater-than-or-equal-to 55 g ai ha-1 applied early preplant controlled > 90% of the common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail before no-tillage planting of soybean. Early preplant and sequential treatments with an early preplant component controlled greater-than-or-equal-to 88% of all weeds for the entire growing season. Delaying the initial imazethapyr application until immediately after soybean planting reduced weed control compared to the early preplant treatments. Low level of weed control with planting time treatments appeared to be due to a lack of control of common lambsquarters emerged at the time of imazethapyr application and dry weather following imazethapyr application. No soybean injury from imazethapyr was observed and differences in soybean yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. No significant carryover of imazethapyr was detected through a corn bioassay in the field. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT NUTR SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WISCONSIN,NUTRIENT & PEST MANAG PROG,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500023 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, JS CONN, JS AF GRAHAM, JS CONN, JS TI SORPTION OF METRIBUZIN AND METOLACHLOR IN ALASKAN SUB-ARCTIC AGRICULTURAL SOILS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HYSTERESIS; SOIL ORGANIC CARBON; LOW SOIL TEMPERATURES ID ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; MOBILITY; ALACHLOR; ATRAZINE; SYSTEMS; FLUOMETURON; HYSTERESIS; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS AB Adsorption and desorption of metribuzin and metolachlor were studied for 0- to 15- and 30- to 45-cm soil depths and at 5 and 28 C temperatures for two subarctic Alaskan agricultural soils. Surface soils had five to eight times the organic carbon content of deeper soils and had lower Freundlich isotherm slopes (1/n) for both herbicides. Surface soil Freundlich coefficients (K(f)) were affected by both soil type and equilibration temperature, with soil type accounting for greater than 80% of the variation in K(f). Surface soil mean K(f) values ranged from 1.5 to 2.4 for metribuzin and 4.4 to 9.2 for metolachlor. For soils from the 30- to 45-cm depth, neither soil type nor temperature affected K(f). Isotherm slopes for desorption were less than adsorption, indicating hysteresis. Regressions between desorption K(f) and maximum herbicide adsorbed prior to desorption were highly significant with coefficients of determination (r2) between 0.50 and 0.99. Nomenclature: Metribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; metolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide. C1 UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,SUBARCTIC AGR RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM385 UT WOS:A1992HM38500028 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI TEMPERATURE AND CANOPY DEVELOPMENT OF VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI) AND SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GROWTH ANALYSIS; SIMULATION MODELING AB Velvetleaf from Mississippi and Wisconsin and soybean (var. Williams) were grown in five temperature regimes (12/4, 19/11, 26/18, 33/25, and 40/32 C day/night) in controlled-environment chambers. Leaf appearance rates increased with temperature in both species, ranging from 0.06 to 0.69 leaves per day in velvetleaf and 0.07 to 0.38 leaves per day in soybean. The threshold temperature for leaf appearance in both species was 5 to 6 C. The largest leaves of both species were produced at 26/18 C. By 55 d after emergence, the greatest total leaf area per plant occurred at 26/18 C or above in both species. Reproductive development occurred earliest at 33/25 C in velvetleaf and at 26/18 C in soybean. This limited vegetative growth in velvetleaf more than in soybean. The weed/crop ratio for total leaf area increased with increasing temperature, indicating that velvetleaf probably would be more competitive with soybean under higher temperatures. The two populations of velvetleaf generally responded similarly to temperatures. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM608 UT WOS:A1992HM60800011 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD WESLEY, RA AF HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD WESLEY, RA TI WEED-CONTROL FOR SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) PLANTED IN A STALE OR UNDISTURBED SEEDBED ON CLAY SOIL SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOYBEAN YIELD; GLYPHOSATE; METRIBUZIN; XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM; XANST AB Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HM608 UT WOS:A1992HM60800020 ER PT B AU CLARK, RN MULH, KE AF CLARK, RN MULH, KE GP AMER WIND ENERGY ASSOC TI WATER PUMPING FOR LIVESTOCK SO WINDPOWER '92 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Windpower 92 Annual Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 19-23, 1992 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER WIND ENERGY ASSOC, US DOE, NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, NW POWER PLANNING COUNCIL, BONNEVILLE POWER ADM, PUGET SOUND POWER & LIGHT C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 122 C STREET NW 4TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-2109 PY 1992 BP 284 EP 290 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BB70D UT WOS:A1992BB70D00036 ER PT J AU NORIMOTO, M GRIL, J ROWELL, RM AF NORIMOTO, M GRIL, J ROWELL, RM TI RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED WOOD - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIMENSIONAL AND CREEP STABILITY SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RHEOLOGY; CREEP; DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION AB A typology of chemical modifications of wood based on the interaction of water with the molecular constituents of the lipocellulosic material is proposed. The model accounts for both the moisture expansion and the so-called mechanosorptive creep induced by moisture changes under load. Anti-creep efficiency (ACE) values were obtained for wood specimens modified with fourteen different types of chemical treatments and subjected to a 4-day creep-recovery test under cyclic humidity conditions. The relationship between dimensional stability, as measured by anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), and ACE was determined for the different treatments. Treatments such as polyethylene glycol impregnation or etherification with epoxides, in which the hydrophilic nature of the bulking agent is not counter-balanced by crosslinking, yielded high ASE values but increased mechanosorptive creep instead of reducing it. C1 UNIV MONTPELLIER 2,MECAN GEN MILIEUX CONTINUS LAB,F-34095 MONTPELLIER 2,FRANCE. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP NORIMOTO, M (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,WOOD RES INST,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. NR 7 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ129 UT WOS:A1992HJ12900004 ER PT J AU VICK, CB KUSTER, TA AF VICK, CB KUSTER, TA TI MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING OF ADHESIVE BONDS TO CCA-TREATED SOUTHERN PINE A SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHENOLIC ADHESIVES; MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING BONDS; CCA PRESERVATIVE; SOUTHERN PINE; DELAMINATION RESISTANCE; SEM (SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY) ID AS WOOD PRESERVATIVES; KINETIC-BEHAVIOR; FIXATION; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM AB New adhesively bonded products made from lumber, veneer, flakes, and fibers that are protected from biological deterioration can play a prominent role in the marketplace if difficulties in bonding preservative-treated wood can be overcome. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that bonds of extraordinary integrity can be developed in southern pine treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservative if a durable adhesive penetrates deeply enough to mechanically interlock within the cellular structure of the wood. Scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectrometry were used to explore the interfacing of adhesive with the cellular structure of wood treated with CCA preservative. The surfaces of cell lumens were thoroughly covered with hemispherically shaped deposits consisting of mixtures of chromium, copper, and arsenic. The micrographs support physicochemical theories of bonding of metals to microfibrils in cell walls. The presence of insoluble metallic deposits was so pervasive that most opportunities for molecular forces of attraction to act between normally polar wood and adhesive were physically blocked. Our results nevertheless show that adhesion by mechanical interlocking of a phenolic adhesive deep in the cellular structure of CCA-treated southern pine can produce delamination-resistant bonds even after severe cyclic aging. RP VICK, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ129 UT WOS:A1992HJ12900005 ER PT J AU PHELPS, JE WORKMAN, EC AF PHELPS, JE WORKMAN, EC TI VESSEL AREA STUDIES IN BLACK-WALNUT (JUGLANS-NIGRA L) SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WOOD PROPERTIES; WOOD QUALITY; TEXTURE; FINE HARDWOODS ID WOOD; TREES AB This study examined factors that influence variation in vessel lumen area (a measure of wood texture) in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees. The effect of management type (plantation and naturally grown trees) and location within the tree (both longitudinally and radially) on earlywood vessel lumen area, latewood vessel lumen area, and total growth ring vessel lumen area were examined. In general, faster grown, managed, plantation-grown trees had a higher earlywood vessel lumen area than slower grown, unmanaged, naturally grown trees; but naturally grown trees had a greater total vessel lumen area per growth ring. No correlation was observed between rate of growth and earlywood vessel lumen area, but there was a correlation between rate of growth and area of latewood vessel lumens and the area of vessel lumens within growth rings. Significant differences were observed longitudinally within trees; that is, samples from disks removed from the 8 1/2-foot level had a higher vessel lumen area (in both earlywood and total vessels) than samples from disks removed from the base of the tree. In addition, with increasing distance from the pith, there was an increase in vessel lumen area within the earlywood and an increase in vessel lumen area within the entire growth ring. Results of this study suggest that management activities can influence the area of vessel lumens within growth rings of black walnut through an effect on growth rate of the trees. However, within-tree variations in these properties occur also and these must be considered. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP PHELPS, JE (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ129 UT WOS:A1992HJ12900007 ER PT J AU FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA AF FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA TI MOISTURE EFFECTS ON LOAD-DURATION BEHAVIOR OF LUMBER .2. EFFECT OF CYCLIC RELATIVE-HUMIDITY SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LOAD-DURATION (CREEP-RUPTURE); STRENGTH; FAILURE; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; MOISTURE CONTENT; LUMBER; DAMAGE MODELS ID WESTERN HEMLOCK LUMBER; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of cyclic moisture conditions on the load-duration behavior of structural lumber is presented. Select Structural and No. 2. Douglas-fir nominal 2 by 4 specimens were tested in bending in two cyclic relative humidity (RH) environments: 35% to 95% RH on 24- and 96-hour cycles. A constant temperature of 73 F was maintained in both tests. Constant bending loads based on the 15th percentile of the static strength distributions for each grade at 73 F and 50% RH were used to load the beams. The load-duration behavior in the two cyclic RH environments is compared to previously reported results observed from three constant RH environments (35%, 50%, and 95% RH at 73 F). Analysis of test results indicated a trend toward shorter times-to-failure in cyclic RH conditions as compared to constant RH conditions. The effect, however, was no more evident in the No. 2 specimens than in the Select Structural specimens. To predict the load-duration behavior, an existing damage accumulation model was modified to account for the effect of changing moisture contents on the long-term strength of structural lumber. The developed model was found to predict the observed behavior quite well. C1 AUBURN UNIV,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP FRIDLEY, KJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47908, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ129 UT WOS:A1992HJ12900011 ER PT B AU PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ SOMMER, PJ LAMOUREUX, CH AF PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ SOMMER, PJ LAMOUREUX, CH BE HUTSON, DH HAWKINS, DR PAULSON, GD STRUBLE, CB TI SULFONAMIDE DRUG IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS - NOVEL METABOLISM SO XENOBIOTICS AND FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS: METABOLISM AND RESIDUES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON XENOBIOTICS AND FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS : METABOLISM AND RESIDUES, AT 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC ) CY AUG 25-30, 1991 CL NEW YORK, NY SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT SOC STUDY XENOBIOT RP PAULSON, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2472-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 503 BP 190 EP 202 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA BW54G UT WOS:A1992BW54G00013 ER PT J AU BLACKBURN, MB KINGAN, TG BODNAR, W SHABANOWITZ, J HUNT, DF KEMPE, T WAGNER, RM RAINA, AK SCHNEE, ME MA, MC AF BLACKBURN, MB KINGAN, TG BODNAR, W SHABANOWITZ, J HUNT, DF KEMPE, T WAGNER, RM RAINA, AK SCHNEE, ME MA, MC TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW DIURETIC PEPTIDE FROM THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADULT HELIOTHIS-ZEA; HORMONAL-CONTROL; POST-ECLOSION; DIURESIS; BLOODMEAL C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CHEM,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DUPONT CO,AGR PROD,STINE HASKELL RES CTR,NEWARK,DE 19714. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RI Hunt, Donald/I-6936-2012 OI Hunt, Donald/0000-0003-2815-6368 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM37537] NR 20 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 31 PY 1991 VL 181 IS 3 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(91)92025-F PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GX736 UT WOS:A1991GX73600001 PM 1764106 ER PT J AU HAAS, MJ ALLEN, J BERKA, TR AF HAAS, MJ ALLEN, J BERKA, TR TI CLONING, EXPRESSION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA-ENCODING A LIPASE FROM RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR SO GENE LA English DT Article DE FUNGI; LIPASE; RECOMBINANT DNA; EXPRESSION; SIGNAL SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ID PANCREATIC LIPASE; MICROBIAL LIPASES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ESTERS; GENE; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; PLASMIDS; VECTORS AB A lambda-gt11 cDNA library was constructed in Escherichia coli using poly(A)-selected mRNA from the fungus, Rhizopus (Rp.) delemar. Lipase-producing members of the library were identified by means of a phenotypic score wherein the release of fatty acids by lipase causes a characteristic color change in the growth medium. One such isolate contained a 1287-bp insert (LIP cDNA) which hybridizes to 1.25- to 1.35-kb mRNA species from Rp. delemar. The lipase produced in E. coli containing the LIP cDNA exhibits the same substrate selectivity as the authentic fungal enzyme, hydrolyzing ester bonds at the stereospecific numbering (sn) sn-1 and sn-3, but not the sn-2, positions of triglycerides. The complete nucleotide sequence of the LIP cDNA was determined. By reference to the N-terminal sequence of authentic Rp. delemar lipase, the lipase-encoding region was identified within this fragment. The LIP cDNA encodes a putative preprolipase consisting of a 26-amino-acid(aa) signal sequence, a 97-aa propeptide, and a 269-aa mature enzyme. The predicted mature lipase has the same molecular weight and aa composition as that of Rp. delemar, is highly homologous to that produced by the fungus Rhizomucor miehei, and contains the consensus pentapeptide (Gly-Xaa-Ser-Yaa-Gly) which is conserved among lipolytic enzymes. It is concluded that the LIP cDNA is an essentially full-length analogue of the lipase-encoding gene of Rp. delemar. The lipase encoded by the LIP cDNA occupies a cytoplasmic location when synthesized in E. coli. Unprocessed forms of the lipase accumulate in E. coli. C1 N CAROLINA AGR & TECHNOL STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,GREENSBORO,NC 27411. RP HAAS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 39 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 109 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90594-2 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GX099 UT WOS:A1991GX09900013 PM 1756969 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL AF ABIDI, SL TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS AND RELATED POLAR LIPIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTOR; PHOSPHOLIPID CLASSES; SEPARATION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; HPLC; QUANTIFICATION; PHASES; HEART AB The retention behavior of phosphatidic acids (PA) and phosphatidic acid methyl esters (PM) was studied by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC systems consisted of mobile phases of acetonitrile-methanol-water containing tetraalkylammonium phosphates (TAAP) and stationary phases of alky-bonded silica and polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins. The lipid solutes were more strongly retained when using mobile phases containing larger TAAP at higher concentrations. The results are indicative of an ion-pair retention mechanism. Molecular species of PM were readily resolved despite the complete inseparability of PA under all conditions used. Except for tetrabutylammonium phosphate, there was a linear correlation between the logarithmic capacity factors (k') of PM (or PA) and the total number of carbon atoms of TAAP. The significant concentration dependence of separation factors for certain PM components was related to the size effect of TAAP. A normal-phase HPLC method for the separation of PA from other polar lipids is described. RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 587 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85156-A PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GY996 UT WOS:A1991GY99600008 ER PT J AU HARVEY, SD CAMPBELL, JA KELSEY, RG VANCE, NC AF HARVEY, SD CAMPBELL, JA KELSEY, RG VANCE, NC TI SEPARATION OF TAXOL FROM RELATED TAXANES IN TAXUS-BREVIFOLIA EXTRACTS BY ISOCRATIC ELUTION REVERSED-PHASE MICROCOLUMN HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID PACKED CAPILLARY COLUMNS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOSSIL-FUELS; AGENT AB Previous attempts to resolve the closely related taxanes cephalomannine and taxol by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on octadecyl silica columns have not been successful. In the present study, high-resolution HPLC on microcolumns packed with octadecyl silica was evaluated for the separation of the aforementioned taxanes. Due to the enhanced separation efficiency of this technique, baseline resolution between cephalomannine and taxol was readily achieved under isocratic elution conditions. Chromatographic profiles of Taxus brevifolia twig and needle foliage extracts are presented that illustrate this separation. C1 USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP HARVEY, SD (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999,BATTELLE BLVD, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 587 IS 2 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85172-C PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GY996 UT WOS:A1991GY99600024 ER PT J AU ROTTMANN, WH PETER, GF OELLER, PW KELLER, JA SHEN, NF NAGY, BP TAYLOR, LP CAMPBELL, AD THEOLOGIS, A AF ROTTMANN, WH PETER, GF OELLER, PW KELLER, JA SHEN, NF NAGY, BP TAYLOR, LP CAMPBELL, AD THEOLOGIS, A TI 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE IN TOMATO IS ENCODED BY A MULTIGENE FAMILY WHOSE TRANSCRIPTION IS INDUCED DURING FRUIT AND FLORAL SENESCENCE SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FRUIT RIPENING; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE STRUCTURE; AMINOTRANSFERASES; PROTEIN EVOLUTION ID DNA-BINDING FACTOR; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNAS; CDNA CLONES; PROTEINS; CLONING C1 USDA,ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 93 TC 248 Z9 264 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 222 IS 4 BP 937 EP 961 DI 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90587-V PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GX790 UT WOS:A1991GX79000015 PM 1762159 ER PT J AU PICKENS, JB HOF, JG AF PICKENS, JB HOF, JG TI FUZZY ASPECTS OF FORESTRY HARVEST SCHEDULING MODELS SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP PICKENS, JB (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD DEC 16 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA GW527 UT WOS:A1991GW52700010 ER PT J AU ACUFF, GR ALBANESE, RA BATT, CA BERNDT, DL BYERS, FM DALE, BE DENTON, JH FUCHS, RL GASTEL, B HEIDELBAUGH, ND IVIE, GW KENDALL, K KOPCHICK, JJ LEWIS, DH MCCASLAND, FV MENNING, EL PHILLIPS, TD POTTER, ME RODRICKS, JV SCHOLL, DR SHADDUCK, JA TARNOWSKI, SJ TILLOTSON, JE VANDRESSER, WR WOMACK, JE AF ACUFF, GR ALBANESE, RA BATT, CA BERNDT, DL BYERS, FM DALE, BE DENTON, JH FUCHS, RL GASTEL, B HEIDELBAUGH, ND IVIE, GW KENDALL, K KOPCHICK, JJ LEWIS, DH MCCASLAND, FV MENNING, EL PHILLIPS, TD POTTER, ME RODRICKS, JV SCHOLL, DR SHADDUCK, JA TARNOWSKI, SJ TILLOTSON, JE VANDRESSER, WR WOMACK, JE TI IMPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE SAFETY OF FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL LIBERAL ARTS & MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. CORNELL UNIV,COLL AGR,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,FSIS,DIV TRAINING & DEV,DENTON,TX 76202. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. HILL & KNOWLTON INC,HOUSTON,TX 77056. OHIO UNIV,EDISON ANIM BIOTECHNOL CTR,ATHENS,OH 45701. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. NATL ASSOC FED VET,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ENVIRON CORP,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. DIAGNOST HYBRIDS INC,ATHENS,OH 45701. CALIF BIOTECHNOL INC,MT VIEW,CA 94043. TUFTS UNIV,INST FOOD POLICY,MEDFORD,MA 02155. AVMA GOVT RELAT DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP HEIDELBAUGH, ND (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Acuff, Gary/C-3034-2008 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 12 BP 1714 EP 1721 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV359 UT WOS:A1991GV35900013 PM 1687575 ER PT J AU DUGAD, LB GOFF, HM ABELES, FB AF DUGAD, LB GOFF, HM ABELES, FB TI 1H-NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF CUCUMBER PEROXIDASES SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE NMR, 1H-; PEROXIDASE; HEME; ACTIVE SITE ID HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; ACTIVE-SITE; COTYLEDONS; LACTOPEROXIDASE; RESONANCES; MECHANISM; 33-KD AB Two peroxidase isoenzymes from Cucumber seedlings, one acidic (pI = 4) and one basic (pI = 9), were characterized by H-1-NMR spectroscopy. The NMR spectra were obtained in the native (ferric high-spin) and cyanide ligated (ferric low-spin) forms of both isoenzymes. The NMR spectral comparison of paramagnetically shifted resonances with those of the well characterized horseradish peroxidase C, HRP(C), isoenzyme indicates that both cucumber peroxidases have a protohemin IX prosthetic group with proximal histidine coordinated to the heme iron. The downfield heme H-1-NMR shift pattern is distinct for each isoenzyme, and this reflects presumably dissimilar heme active site environments. The basic isoenzyme shows less asymmetry in heme H-1-NMR signals as compared to the acidic isoenzyme or HRP(C) isoenzyme. It was also found that the acidic cucumber peroxidase exists predominantly as a monomeric species in solution with 30 kDa molecular mass as opposed to its earlier characterization as a 60 kDa dimeric protein. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 28831] NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD DEC 11 PY 1991 VL 1118 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90438-6 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GW970 UT WOS:A1991GW97000005 PM 1764475 ER PT J AU DEGRAAF, RM SNYDER, DP HILL, BJ AF DEGRAAF, RM SNYDER, DP HILL, BJ TI SMALL MAMMAL HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS IN POLETIMBER AND SAWTIMBER STANDS OF 4 FOREST COVER TYPES SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN MAINE; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; SHREWS AB Small mammal distribution was examined in poletimber and sawtimber stands of four forest cover types in northern New England: northern hardwoods, red maple, balsam fir, and red spruce-balsam fir. During 1980 and 1981, eight stands on the White Mountain National Forest, NH, were sampled with four trap types (three sizes of snap traps and one pit-fall) for 16 000 trap-nights. Trapping was conducted during four 5-day periods in June and July. A total of 1206 individuals of seven species - Blarina brevicauda (short-tailed shrew), Sorex cinereus (masked shrew), Sorex fumeus (smokey shrew), Sorex hoyi (pygmy shrew), Clethrionomys gapperi (boreal red-backed vole), Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), and Napaeozapus insignis (woodland jumping mouse) - were captured. Blarina brevicauda, S. fumeus, and N. insignis were more abundant in hardwoods (P > 0.001 ). Only P. maniculatus was more numerous in softwoods (P < 0.05). S. cinereus was more abundant in fir than in spruce-fir stands (P < 0.001 ) and S. hoyi and C gapperi did not occur differentially among habitat types. Possible causes of these relationships are the lower tree density and basal area and the greater amount of ground cover in hardwoods than in softwoods. Abundances of these seven species were typical, except that S. hoyi was notably more common than previously documented. C1 GIFFORD PINCHOT NATL FOREST,AMBOY,WA 98601. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ZOOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP DEGRAAF, RM (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90234-M PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GV803 UT WOS:A1991GV80300006 ER PT J AU HELM, RF RALPH, J ANDERSON, L AF HELM, RF RALPH, J ANDERSON, L TI REGIOSELECTIVE PROTECTION STRATEGIES FOR D-XYLOPYRANOSIDES SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; BETA-D-XYLOPYRANOSIDES; STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; ALTERNATIVE SYNTHESES; STANNYLENE ACETALS; METHYLATED SUGARS; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; DERIVATIVES; BENZOYLATION AB The acylation of D-xylopyranosides can be effected at any position by selective hydroxyl activation with dibutyltin oxide in refluxing benzene and proper choice of starting anomer. Methyl 4-O-benzyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside, available from methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-xylopyranoside, provides the 2- and 3-benzoates, which are easily separable in 85% combined yield. Methyl and allyl beta-D-xylopyranosides, when treated with 1 equiv of dibutyltin and subsequently with benzoyl chloride (1 equiv), yield their corresponding 4-benzoates (80%). The use of 2 equiv of benzoyl chloride provides the 3,4-dibenzoates in excellent yield (90%). The clean conversion to mono- or dibenzoates, depending on the amount of benzoyl chloride added, suggests that the intermediate stannylene acetals provide different activation levels. A pathway involving acylation of an intermediate dibutylchlorostannyl ether is proposed to explain the observed phenomenon. This sequential selective activation is used to afford protection and differentiation of the 3- and 4-positions with a one-pot synthesis of methyl 4-O-benzoyl-3-O-(chloroacetyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside. Methyl and benzyl alpha-D-xylopyranosides afford the 2,4-dibenzoates in good yield (> 80%) demonstrating 1,3-activation of a triol system. This protection strategy is used to prepare benzyl O-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl)-(1 --> 3)-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside from D-xylose and L-arabinose. In the final step, the silver triflate catalyzed glycosylation of benzyl 2,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside by 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl chloride is accomplished in 91% yield. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HELM, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 36 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 1991 VL 56 IS 25 BP 7015 EP 7021 DI 10.1021/jo00025a013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA GU974 UT WOS:A1991GU97400013 ER PT J AU MOSIER, AR SCHIMEL, DS AF MOSIER, AR SCHIMEL, DS TI INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article ID SOILS; N2O; EMISSIONS C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP MOSIER, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PS SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD DEC 2 PY 1991 IS 23 BP 874 EP 877 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA GT609 UT WOS:A1991GT60900007 ER PT J AU JACYNO, JM CUTLER, HG ROBERTS, RG WATERS, RM AF JACYNO, JM CUTLER, HG ROBERTS, RG WATERS, RM TI EFFECTS ON PLANT-GROWTH OF THE HMG-COA SYNTHASE INHIBITOR, 1233A/F-244/L-659,699, ISOLATED FROM SCOPULARIOPSIS-CANDIDUS SO AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID COENZYME-A SYNTHASE; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME; 1233A C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,ECL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JACYNO, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0002-1369 J9 AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO PD DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 12 BP 3129 EP 3131 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GY854 UT WOS:A1991GY85400037 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI HARD-FOUGHT VICTORIES AGAINST ANIMAL DISEASES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900001 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI TOXIC ENCOUNTERS WITH RANGE PLANTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900002 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM COOKE, L CORLISS, J AF HAYS, SM COOKE, L CORLISS, J TI BETTER BEEFSTEAK BEGINS WITH HEALTHY CATTLE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900003 ER PT J AU SENFT, D CORLISS, J AF SENFT, D CORLISS, J TI CATTLE AND SHEEP TOGETHER - PARTNERS IN GRAZING SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900004 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI ANIMAL CARE TIGHTLY REGULATED SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900005 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI HARD TIMES IN THE OLD WEST SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900006 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI INFANTS TO BENEFIT FROM GOLDEN EGGS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900007 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI TRANSGENIC COTTON SCORES KNOCKOUT AGAINST WORMS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GY419 UT WOS:A1991GY41900008 ER PT J AU NELSON, MC BROWN, NB TOOMER, LF AF NELSON, MC BROWN, NB TOOMER, LF TI LIMITED RESOURCE FARMERS PRODUCTIVITY - SOME EVIDENCE FROM GEORGIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CHICKASHA,OK. FT VALLEY STATE UNIV,ALLIED PROGRAM,FT VALLEY,GA 31030. RP NELSON, MC (reprint author), FT VALLEY STATE UNIV,SCH AGR,HOME ECON PROGRAM,AGR RES STN,FT VALLEY,GA 31030, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1484 DI 10.2307/1242407 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100034 ER PT J AU LIN, W HILL, LD ADAM, B ANDERSON, K WILSON, WW AF LIN, W HILL, LD ADAM, B ANDERSON, K WILSON, WW TI THE EFFECT OF GRAIN QUALITY ON UNITED-STATES COMPETITIVENESS IN THE WORLD MARKET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1523 EP 1524 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100046 ER PT J AU MARCHANT, MA BURBEE, CR REED, MR GUNTER, DL ROSS, JE AF MARCHANT, MA BURBEE, CR REED, MR GUNTER, DL ROSS, JE TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL-TRADE DEVELOPMENT CENTERS (ITDCS) AND THE PRIVATE-SECTOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,LAKE ALFRED,FL. USDA,CSRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1524 EP 1524 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100049 ER PT J AU MCMILLAN, J JOHNSON, S RAUSSER, G NICHOLSON, N SUMNER, D MCMILLAN, J BULLOCK, D AF MCMILLAN, J JOHNSON, S RAUSSER, G NICHOLSON, N SUMNER, D MCMILLAN, J BULLOCK, D TI CONSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY REFORM IN DEVELOPMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1524 EP 1524 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100048 ER PT J AU BECK, RL MCBRIDE, G GRAF, T FRENCH, CE BAUMER, E FARRIS, PL ROBINSON, RR ANDERSON, D KLINDT, T AF BECK, RL MCBRIDE, G GRAF, T FRENCH, CE BAUMER, E FARRIS, PL ROBINSON, RR ANDERSON, D KLINDT, T TI REGIONAL RESEARCH - LESSONS FOR A GLOBAL RESEARCH AGENDA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. USDA,CSRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1527 EP 1528 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100061 ER PT J AU UNNEVEHR, L GROSH, M JABARA, C KRAMER, C BALLENGER, N AF UNNEVEHR, L GROSH, M JABARA, C KRAMER, C BALLENGER, N TI THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY OF FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS - CASE-STUDIES FROM THE DEVELOPING-WORLD AND THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RESOURCES FUTURE INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1529 EP 1529 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100068 ER PT J AU BOLLING, C STALLINGS, D HANDY, C DEBRAAL, P AF BOLLING, C STALLINGS, D HANDY, C DEBRAAL, P TI FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT IN UNITED-STATES AGRIBUSINESS - HOW IMPORTANT IS IT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1531 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100073 ER PT J AU SCHERTZ, L STALLMANN, JI FINDEIS, JH PERRY, J GLADWIN, CH AF SCHERTZ, L STALLMANN, JI FINDEIS, JH PERRY, J GLADWIN, CH TI THE FUTURE OF RURAL AMERICA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VIRGINIA TECH,BLACKSBURG,VA. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,ARED,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1531 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100074 ER PT J AU MATHEWS, KH FACKLER, PL AF MATHEWS, KH FACKLER, PL TI HEDGE RATIOS IN THE PRESENCE OF HETEROSKEDASTICITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA,CED,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1532 EP 1532 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100076 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, DA TWEETEN, LG WOODS, M AF HENDERSON, DA TWEETEN, LG WOODS, M TI COMMUNITY IMPACTS - THE CASE OF THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA,ARED,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1535 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100108 ER PT J AU PERRY, JE AF PERRY, JE TI AN APPLICATION OF THE PROBIT MODEL TO THE DECISION TO FARM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARED,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1536 EP 1536 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100114 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA ANDERSON, M AF LARSON, BA ANDERSON, M TI TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER, CONTRACT STRUCTURE, AND INCENTIVES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,RTD,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1537 EP 1537 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100124 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, MA SEITZINGER, AH AF JOHNSON, MA SEITZINGER, AH TI TRADE EFFECTS OF UNITED-STATES - MEXICO HARMONIZATION OF PESTICIDE REGULATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ATAD,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1538 EP 1538 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100137 ER PT J AU RONINGEN, VO DIXIT, PM AF RONINGEN, VO DIXIT, PM TI MEASURING AGRICULTURAL TRADE DISTORTIONS - A SIMPLE APPROACH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1538 EP 1538 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100139 ER PT J AU JONES, JW DYCK, JH AF JONES, JW DYCK, JH TI KOREAS BEEF MARKET IN A PACIFIC CONTEXT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1539 EP 1539 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100141 ER PT J AU SPILKER, MF AF SPILKER, MF TI ESTIMATING APPLIED NITROGEN EQUIVALENTS WITH A GENERALIZED LINEAR RESPONSE AND PLATEAU FUNCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,RTD,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1541 EP 1541 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100166 ER PT J AU COLLING, PL IRWIN, SH ZULAUF, CR AF COLLING, PL IRWIN, SH ZULAUF, CR TI USDA HOGS AND PIGS REPORTS AND LIVESTOCK-FUTURES PRICE MOVEMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1549 EP 1549 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100236 ER PT J AU WEINBERG, M KLING, CL WILEN, JE AF WEINBERG, M KLING, CL WILEN, JE TI AN ANALYSIS OF POLICY ALTERNATIVES FOR PIVOTAL EXTERNALITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,RTD,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1550 EP 1550 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100253 ER PT J AU SETIA, P LETSON, D AF SETIA, P LETSON, D TI FARM-LEVEL IMPACTS OF IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY UNDER RISK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,RTD,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1551 EP 1551 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100256 ER PT J AU LEWANDROWSKI, JK BRAZEE, RJ AF LEWANDROWSKI, JK BRAZEE, RJ TI FARM PROGRAMS AND CLIMATE CHANGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,RTD,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1552 EP 1552 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100267 ER PT J AU FRANK, SD HENDERSON, DR AF FRANK, SD HENDERSON, DR TI TRANSACTION COSTS, VERTICAL COORDINATION, AND THE COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UNITED-STATES FOOD-INDUSTRIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1555 EP 1555 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100290 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, TN RISTER, ME STANSEL, JW KLOSTERBOER, AD MCCAULEY, GN WAY, MO WHITNEY, NG TURNER, F DREES, B RICHARDSON, JW PINSON, SRM BOLLICH, CN AF THOMPSON, TN RISTER, ME STANSEL, JW KLOSTERBOER, AD MCCAULEY, GN WAY, MO WHITNEY, NG TURNER, F DREES, B RICHARDSON, JW PINSON, SRM BOLLICH, CN TI CONSIDERATION OF ECONOMIC CRITERIA IN THE SELECTION OF RICE VARIETIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1559 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100329 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR HUDSON, CA BETSCHART, AA KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE AF TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR HUDSON, CA BETSCHART, AA KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE TI A STABLE-ISOTOPE STUDY OF ZINC, COPPER, AND IRON-ABSORPTION AND RETENTION BY YOUNG-WOMEN FED VITAMIN-B6-DEFICIENT DIETS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ZINC; COPPER; IRON; VITAMIN-B6; ABSORPTION; STABLE ISOTOPES ID ELDERLY MEN AB A 98-d study was conducted in young women to determine the effect of vitamin B-6-deficient diets on zinc, copper, and iron metabolism. Young women were fed vitamin B-6-deficient formula initially, followed by food diets containing four increasing amounts of vitamin B-6. Zinc, copper, and iron absorption, retention, and status were determined at intervals throughout the study. Zinc absorption and retention were greater during vitamin B-6 depletion but serum zinc declined, suggesting that absorbed zinc was not available for utilization. Copper absorption was lower during vitamin B-6 depletion but serum copper was not affected and balance was positive. Iron absorption was not impaired significantly by vitamin B-6-deficient diets but status may have declined. The results suggest that vitamin B-6 depletion of young women may alter zinc metabolism, inhibit copper absorption, and affect iron status. The effects of vitamin B-6 depletion differ markedly among these elements. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. RP TURNLUND, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1064 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GT073 UT WOS:A1991GT07300016 PM 1957821 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA KELLEY, DS PIANALTO, FS SWENDSEID, ME HENNING, SM ZHANG, JZ AMES, BN FRAGA, CG PETERS, JH AF JACOB, RA KELLEY, DS PIANALTO, FS SWENDSEID, ME HENNING, SM ZHANG, JZ AMES, BN FRAGA, CG PETERS, JH TI IMMUNOCOMPETENCE AND OXIDANT DEFENSE DURING ASCORBATE DEPLETION OF HEALTHY-MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON ASCORBIC ACID : BIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS AND RELATION TO CANCER CY SEP 10-12, 1990 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MD SP NCI, NIDDKD HO NIH DE ASCORBATE; ASCORBIC ACID; VITAMIN-C; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; ANTIOXIDANT; FREE RADICALS; OXIDANT DAMAGE; MUTAGENS ID HUMAN-BLOOD PLASMA; VITAMIN-C; ANTIOXIDANT; ACID; FECAPENTAENE-12; REDUCTASE AB To determine nonscorbutic effects of moderate vitamin C deficiency we measured immune function and oxidative damage in eight healthy men (25-43 y) who consumed 5-250 mg/d of ascorbic acid over 92 d on a metabolic unit. During ascorbic acid intakes of 5, 10, or 20 mg/d, subjects attained a state of moderate ascorbic acid deficiency as ascorbic acid concentrations in plasma, leucocytes, semen, and buccal cells dropped to < 50% of baseline with no scorbutic symptoms observed. No changes in cell proliferation, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, and DNA strand breaks were observed; however, blood levels of glutathione and NAD(P) decreased during ascorbic acid deficiency, as did delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness. Concentrations of the oxidatively modified DNA base, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in sperm DNA and fecapentaenes, ubiquitous fecal mutagens, were increased during ascorbic acid depletion. Moderate vitamin C deficiency, in the absence of scurvy, results in alteration of antioxidant chemistries and may permit increased oxidative damage. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT BIOCHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SRI INT,DIV LIFE SCI,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,PRESIDIO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 39 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 SU S BP S1302 EP S1309 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GU397 UT WOS:A1991GU39700037 ER PT J AU VANDERSLICE, JT HIGGS, DJ AF VANDERSLICE, JT HIGGS, DJ TI VITAMIN-C CONTENT OF FOODS - SAMPLE VARIABILITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON ASCORBIC ACID : BIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS AND RELATION TO CANCER CY SEP 10-12, 1990 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MD SP NCI, NIDDKD HO NIH DE ASCORBIC ACID; VITAMIN-C; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; FOOD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; ASCORBIC-ACID AB A recent survey of foods that constitute the major sources of vitamin C in the American diet yielded information on the total content of this vitamin as well as the amount of its two forms, ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) in these foods. Samples of individual foods showed a surprising large range of vitamin content even for foods collected from the same regions of the country and from the same source. The amount of DHAA in the different foods varied from approximately 10% to 20% of the total vitamin content. The large range of values for the vitamin content in a given food suggests further that in human-diet studies, when the major sources of vitamin C are from a few foods, daily analyses are required for the necessary precision. RP VANDERSLICE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161,ROOM 202,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 SU S BP S1323 EP S1327 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GU397 UT WOS:A1991GU39700041 ER PT J AU DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML NGUYEN, HV BURRIN, DG REEDS, PJ AF DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML NGUYEN, HV BURRIN, DG REEDS, PJ TI RESPONSE OF MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS TO FASTING IN SUCKLING AND WEANED RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY; TRANSLATIONAL CAPACITY; GROWTH; DEVELOPMENT; INSULIN; GLUCOSE ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; SYNTHESIS INVIVO; INSULIN; TURNOVER; TISSUES; SENSITIVITY; METABOLISM AB Protein synthetic efficiency (K(RNA)) is low in immature skeletal muscle of suckling rats and increases toward the end of the suckling period. To determine whether immature skeletal muscle is able to further reduce K(RNA) in response to fasting, suckling (5, 10, and 16 days of age) and weaned (28 days of age) rats were fed, fasted for 10 h, or fasted for 18 h and injected with a flooding dose of L-[4-H-3]phenylalanine for measurement of muscle protein synthesis in vivo. In fed rats, fractional rates of protein synthesis (K(s)) and protein synthetic capacity decreased during the suckling period. K(RNA) increased toward the end of the suckling period. In 5-day-old rats, fasting for 10 h produced a 50% decline in K(s) of extensor digitorum longus and plantaris muscles, but K(s) did not change further after 18 h of fasting. In older suckled and weaned rats, 10 h of fasting decreased K(s) of extensor digitorum longus and plantaris muscles 30%; after 18 h of fasting, values had declined to 50% of those in fed animals. The reductions in K(s) in soleus muscles with 10 and 18 h of fasting were similar to those in other muscles at 5 and 10 days but were less than those in other muscles at 16 and 28 days. Changes in K(RNA) were similar to those for K(s) in all muscles from all age groups fasted for 10 and 18 h. Protein synthetic capacity decreased approximately 12% after 18 h of fasting, but this effect did not differ between age groups or muscle types. These results suggest that fasting decreases protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of young suckled rats more rapidly than in that of older suckled or weaned rats. Protein synthesis becomes resistant to fasting in the soleus muscle toward the end of the suckling period in association with the maturation of locomotor function. RP DAVIS, TA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 261 IS 6 BP R1373 EP R1380 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA GX687 UT WOS:A1991GX68700065 ER PT J AU TABACHNICK, WJ AF TABACHNICK, WJ TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF ORAL-SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION OF CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS WITH BLUETONGUE VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CULEX-TARSALIS; SELECTION; STRAIN; CERATOPOGONIDAE; INHERITANCE AB A family selection scheme, based on the progeny from individual females, was used to select several families of the insect vector Culicoides variipennis that were resistant or susceptible to oral infection with bluetongue virus. Genetic crosses between families showed results consistent with control by a single genetic locus (blu). Reciprocal crosses suggested a maternal effect in which the genotype of the mother determined the phenotype of the offspring. The dominant and recessive natures of the resistant (blu(r)) and susceptible (blu(s)) alleles were determined by the sex of the parent. The results provide the first evidence to suggest a genetic locus controlling insect vector competence for infection with an arbovirus. RP TABACHNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 6 BP 666 EP 671 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HA015 UT WOS:A1991HA01500003 PM 1662471 ER PT J AU BROWN, CR ADIWILAGA, KD AF BROWN, CR ADIWILAGA, KD TI USE OF RESCUE POLLINATION TO MAKE A COMPLEX INTERSPECIFIC CROSS IN POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; CROSSABILITY; GERMPLASM; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; SOLANUM; SOLANUM-STOLONIFERUM; MENTOR POLLEN ID POLLEN; APPLE AB A cross between cultivated tetraploid potato and 2n-pollen producing triploid hybrids containing Solanum stoloniferum genomes was not successful using standard crossing procedures. Berry formation did not occur. Berries were formed, however, when pollination by the triploid hybrids was followed by application of cultivated tetraploid pollen. Berries contained seeds, most of which were intraspecific hybrids of 4x-4x origin. About 4% of 1749 seedlings scored with an isozyme marker were identified as interspecific hybrids of 4x-3x origin. The use of this second pollination is called "rescue pollination." It appears to promote normal fruit development which standard crossing technique failed to do. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BROWN, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RT 2 BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 12 BP 813 EP 820 DI 10.1007/BF02853855 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GW168 UT WOS:A1991GW16800002 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF AF VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF TI VOLATILE MONOTERPENES INHIBIT POTATO-TUBER SPROUTING SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CIPC; 1,8-CINEOLE; ESSENTIAL OILS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SPROUT INHIBITION ID GERMINATION; EUCALYPTOL; OIL AB Several volatile monoterpenes, which are among the major constituents of several easily obtainable essential oils, were phytotoxic in the gaseous phase to emerged potato tuber sprouts. Analyses of the more phytotoxic monoterpenes were conducted using a continuous-flow system in which the compounds were released as volatiles into the headspace surrounding the tubers. Several of these compounds, which have low mammalian toxicities and are currently used in large amounts as flavorings, over-the-counter medications and perfumes, effectively inhibited sprouting and fungal growth at relatively low molar concentrations. RP VAUGHN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 12 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.1007/BF02853856 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GW168 UT WOS:A1991GW16800003 ER PT J AU DJAROT, IN PETERSON, DM AF DJAROT, IN PETERSON, DM TI SEED DEVELOPMENT IN A SHRUNKEN ENDOSPERM BARLEY MUTANT SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE HORDEUM-VULGARE L; BARLEY; SHRUNKEN ENDOSPERM MUTANT; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; STARCH; PROTEIN; ENDOSPERM CELL NUMBER ID CELL-DIVISION; GROWTH; GRAINS; WHEAT C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,501 N WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA,ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW618 UT WOS:A1991GW61800003 ER PT J AU PATTEE, HE STALKER, HT AF PATTEE, HE STALKER, HT TI COMPARATIVE EMBRYO SAC MORPHOLOGY AT ANTHESIS OF CULTIVATED AND WILD-SPECIES OF ARACHIS SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE EMBRYO SAC MORPHOLOGY; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; ARACHIS SPECIES; LIGHT MICROSCOPY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EMBRYO ABORTION; FERTILIZATION INCOMPATIBILITY; PEANUTS; GROUNDNUT ID WIDE CROSSES; HYPOGAEA L; PEG TIPS; RESCUE; FRUIT C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP PATTEE, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GW618 UT WOS:A1991GW61800005 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP MILLIE, DF JOHNSEN, PB AF DIONIGI, CP MILLIE, DF JOHNSEN, PB TI EFFECTS OF FARNESOL AND THE OFF-FLAVOR DERIVATIVE GEOSMIN ON STREPTOMYCES-TENDAE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; CYANOBACTERIA; SUBSTANCES; CULTURES AB Effects of the sesquiterpene farnesol (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-10-dodecatrien-1-ol) and the sesquiterpene derivative geosmin (1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) were investigated in a geosmin-producing actinomycete, Streptomyces tendae. Exposure to 300-mu-M farnesol reduced biomass (fresh matter) accumulation by 97% compared with biomass accumulation by controls, whereas an equal amount of geosmin did not affect biomass accumulation. Increasing exposure to farnesol corresponded with reduced optical density of the culture, reduced levels of geosmin, and reduced metabolic heat production compared with controls, while exogenous geosmin did not affect these parameters. Geosmin dissipated from uninoculated medium more rapidly than farnesol, indicating that in addition to the lower toxicity of geosmin, the actual exposure to geosmin over time may be less than exposure to an equal amount of farnesol. Cultures grown on Actinomyces-B medium contained 99.5% less geosmin and were more sensitive to farnesol than those grown on Hickey-Tresner medium, indicating that geosmin synthesis was associated with reduced sensitivity to farnesol. Consumption of farnesyl moieties during geosmin synthesis may reduce the potential for farnesol-induced inhibition of growth and metabolism. RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL UNIT,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3429 EP 3432 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200006 PM 1785920 ER PT J AU BHAGWAT, AA TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL AF BHAGWAT, AA TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A COMPETITION-DEFECTIVE BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM MUTANT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NODULATION COMPETITIVENESS; SOYBEAN GENOTYPES; ROOT EXUDATE; NOD-GENES; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MELILOTI; STRAIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION AB Tn5 mutagenesis was coupled with a competition assay to isolate mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum defective in competitive nodulation. A double selection procedure was used, screening first for altered extracellular polysaccharide production (nonmucoid colony morphology) and then for decreased competitive ability. One mutant, which was examined in detail, was deficient in acidic polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide production. The wild-type DNA region corresponding to the Tn5 insertion was isolated, mapped, and cloned. A 3.6-kb region, not identified previously as functioning in symbiosis, contained the gene(s) necessary for complementation of the mutation. The mutant was motile, grew normally on minimal medium, and formed nodules on soybean plants which fixed almost as much nitrogen as the wild type during symbiosis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3496 EP 3501 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200016 PM 16348601 ER PT J AU LEE, IM DAVIS, RE HIRUKI, C AF LEE, IM DAVIS, RE HIRUKI, C TI GENETIC INTERRELATEDNESS AMONG CLOVER PROLIFERATION MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS (MLOS) AND OTHER MLOS INVESTIGATED BY NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DNA PROBES; CLONING; DISEASE; AGENT AB DNA was isolated from clover proliferation (CP) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)-diseased periwinkle plants (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.) and cloned into pSP6 plasmid vectors. CP MLO-specific recombinant DNA clones were biotin labeled and used as probes in dot hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses to study the genetic interrelatedness among CP MLO and other MLOs, including potato witches'-broom (PWB) MLO. Results from dot hybridization analyses indicated that both a Maryland strain of aster yellows and a California strain of aster yellows are distantly related to CP MLO. Elm yellows, paulownia witches'-broom, peanut witches'-broom, loofah witches'-broom, and sweet potato witches'-broom may be very distantly related, if at all, to CP MLO. A new Jersey strain of aster yellows MLO, tomato big bud MLO, clover phyllody MLO, beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence MLO, and ash yellows MLO are related to CP MLO, but PWB MLO is the most closely related. Similarity coefficients derived from restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed that PWB and CP MLOs are closely related strains and thus provided direct evidence of their relatedness in contrast to reliance solely on biological characterization. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT PLANT SCI,EDMONTON T6G 2P5,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3565 EP 3569 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200027 PM 16348604 ER PT J AU RUTTIMANN, C VICUNA, R MOZUCH, MD KIRK, TK AF RUTTIMANN, C VICUNA, R MOZUCH, MD KIRK, TK TI LIMITED BACTERIAL MINERALIZATION OF FUNGAL DEGRADATION INTERMEDIATES FROM SYNTHETIC LIGNIN SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; C-14-LABELED LIGNIN; PALO-PODRIDO; DECOMPOSITION; WOOD; DELIGNIFICATION; PEROXIDASE; MODEL AB The ability of selected bacterial strains and consortia to mineralize degradation intermediates produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium from C-14-labeled synthetic lignins was studied. Three different molecular weight fractions of the intermediates were subjected to the action of the bacteria, which had been grown on a lignin-related dimeric compound. Two consortia isolated from wood being decayed naturally by a Ganoderma species of white rot fungus (the palo podrido system) mineralized 10 to 11% of the fraction with a molecular weight of almost-equal-to 500 but less than 4% of the higher- and lower-molecular-weight fractions. The consortia mineralized 5 to 9% of the original lignins. The ability of two pseudomonads isolated earlier from lignin-rich environments to mineralize the original lignins or fungus degradation products was much lower. C1 US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. CATHOLIC UNIV CHILE, FAC CIENCIAS BIOL, BIOQUIM LAB, SANTIAGO, CHILE. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3652 EP 3655 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200043 PM 1785937 ER PT J AU ANGLE, JS MCGRATH, SP CHANEY, RL AF ANGLE, JS MCGRATH, SP CHANEY, RL TI NEW CULTURE-MEDIUM CONTAINING IONIC CONCENTRATIONS OF NUTRIENTS SIMILAR TO CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN THE SOIL SOLUTION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE AB A new growth medium which closely approximates the composition of the soil solution is presented. This soil solution equivalent (SSE) medium contains the following components (millimolar): NO3, 2.5; NH4, 2.5; HPO4, 0.005; Na, 2.5; Ca, 4.0; Mg, 2.0; K, 0.503; Cl, 4.0; SO4, 5.0; ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), 0.02; and MES [2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] (to maintain the pH at 6.0), 10, plus 0.1% arabinose. The advantages of the SSE medium are discussed. C1 AFRC,INST ARABLE CROPS RES,DEPT SOILS & AGRON,ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN,HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ,HERTS,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ANGLE, JS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008 OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947 NR 17 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3674 EP 3676 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200049 PM 16348614 ER PT J AU MULBRY, WW EATON, RW AF MULBRY, WW EATON, RW TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE N-METHYLCARBAMATE HYDROLASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS STRAIN CRL-OK SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ACCELERATED MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SOIL; CARBOFURAN; METABOLISM; CARBARYL; EPTC; MICROORGANISMS; HERBICIDES; ENZYME; RATES AB A unique cytosolic enzyme that hydrolyzes the carbamate linkage of the insecticide carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) was purified from extracts of Pseudomonas sp. strain CRL-OK. Substrates of the hydrolase include the N-methylcarbamate pesticides carbofuran and aldicarb but not the phenylcarbamate isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate, the thiocarbamate S-ethyl N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate, or the dimethylcarbamate o-nitrophenyldimethylcarbamate. RP MULBRY, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3679 EP 3682 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200051 PM 1785941 ER PT J AU RICKE, SC SCHAEFER, DM AF RICKE, SC SCHAEFER, DM TI GROWTH-INHIBITION OF THE RUMEN BACTERIUM SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM BY AMMONIUM-SALTS SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; METABOLISM; CULTURES; YIELDS AB The objective of this study was to determine the maximum ammonium source concentration tolerated by Selenomonas ruminantium and its metabolic response to high ammonium source concentrations. The ammonia-nitrogen half-inhibition constant (K(i)) in defined basal medium was 239 mm for NH4Cl, 173 mM for NH4OH, 153 mM for (NH4)2SO4 and 110 mM for NH4HCO3. Reduction in continuous culture maximal growth rate was similar to the reduction in the batch culture logarithmic growth rate for the respective NH4CI concentrations. Cell yield when expressed as Y(ATP) decreased for 150 and 200 mm NH4Cl. The NH3-N K(i) estimates are in line with inhibiting concentrations observed for other bacteria and suggest that energy efficiency is reduced when the NH3-N concentration is increased. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 394 EP 399 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GW279 UT WOS:A1991GW27900021 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, TP WOLF, WJ WU, YV BUTTERFIELD, RO KLEIMAN, R AF ABBOTT, TP WOLF, WJ WU, YV BUTTERFIELD, RO KLEIMAN, R TI FT-IR ANALYSIS OF JOJOBA PROTEIN CONFORMATIONS IN D2O SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE JOJOBA; HELIX; BETA-SHEETS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PAPAIN; HEMOGLOBIN; RIBONUCLEASE; MYOGLOBIN; ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSIN ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS; GLOBULAR PROTEINS; POLYPEPTIDES; PEPTIDES; SPECTRA; DECONVOLUTION; CASEIN; BANDS AB FT-IR methods in the literature for determining the secondary structure of proteins in D2O solution involve a curve-fitting step which is somewhat subjective. In an effort to reduce the subjectivity of curve-fitting of protein amide carbonyl absorbances, initial estimations of peak heights and widths were used which were independent of operator judgment. Other restrictions on the curve-fitting procedure were imposed so that different operators would arrive at values for secondary structure consistent with each other and with the literature for papain, hemoglobin, ribonuclease, myoglobin, and alpha-chymotrypsin. This goal was partially achieved by the preliminary method described in this paper. The method was then applied to jojoba proteins and a jojoba protein isolate, the 2S fraction. The jojoba 2S fraction is predominantly beta-structure (51%) and retains its beta-structure in pD 13 solution or at neutral pD when its disulfide linkages are reduced and alkylated. However, dissolving the reduced alkylated protein in pD 13 solution gives a totally random structure by infrared analysis. RP ABBOTT, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1665 EP 1673 DI 10.1366/0003702914335265 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA GY975 UT WOS:A1991GY97500016 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Howard, KM Bothast, RJ AF Schisler, D. A. Howard, K. M. Bothast, R. J. TI Enhancement of Disease Caused by Colletotrichum truncatum in Sesbania exaltata by Coinoculating with Epiphytic Bacteria SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hemp sesbania; phylloplane; bioherbicide; mycoherbicide; microbial facilitator; biological control AB Colletotrichum truncatum isolate NRRL 13737 (ARS patent culture No. 18434) is being evaluated for development as a mycoherbicide against the problematic weed Sesbania exaltata. Studies were conducted to determine whether selected phylloplane microorganisms, used as coinoculants, could increase the severity of disease incited by C. truncatum in S. exaltata. Hemp sesbania seedlings were grown in a variety of soils and environments, sprayed with conidia of C. truncatum, and the formation of appressoria was examined on leaves using epifluorescence microscopy. From hemp sesbania plants that supported high levels of appressoria formation, over 200 phyllosphere microorganisms were isolated. Fifteen of 73 microbial isolates assayed stimulated appressoria formation in vitro on cellophane membranes. Five of 8 superior isolates from the in vitro assay also enhanced disease symptoms induced by C. truncatum on S. exaltata compared to seedlings treated with conidia only. Populations of three selected superior isolates remained high on leaves during plant exposure to dew. The superior isolates initiated no apparent symptoms and rarely decreased seedling growth parameters in the absence of C. truncatum. This is the first instance of utilizing phylloplane microorganisms to increase the level of disease incited by a mycoherbicide agent. Microbial facilitators may provide a means of improving the weed control efficacy of mycoherbicides. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Schisler, D. A.; Howard, K. M.; Bothast, R. J.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 4 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90076-C PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DB UT WOS:000207173200001 ER PT J AU Petersen, JJ Catangui, MA Watson, DW AF Petersen, J. J. Catangui, M. A. Watson, D. W. TI Parasitoid-Induced Mortality of House Fly Pupae by Pteromalid Wasps in the Laboratory SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; Muscidifurax zaraptor; M. raptor; M. raptorellus; Pachycrepoideus vindemiae; Spalangia nigroaenea; Urolepis rufipes; biological control; parasitism; Pteromalidae AB House fly, Musca domestica L., pupae were exposed to six species of pteromalid parasitoids, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, M. raptor Girault and Sanders, M. raptorellus Kogan and Legner, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, and Urolepis rufipes Ashmead. Exposures were made for 48 h at six parasitoid-to-host ratios to measure the effect of parasitoid density on parasitoid-induced mortality (PIM) of hosts (excluding mortality as measured by parasitoid emergence). PIM was evident at all parasitoid-to-host ratios for all six species. Fly eclosion declined with a corresponding increase in the parasitoid-to-host ratio; the reverse was generally true for PIM. Parasitoid emergence increased initially with a corresponding increase in the parasitoid-to-host ratio to a point (depending on the parasitoid species), but then declined. The three Muscidifurax spp. and P. vindemiae exhibited similar behavior and generally avoided previously stung hosts until ovipositional restraints broke down at the higher parasitoid-to-host ratios. S. nigroaenea and U. rufipes exhibited little ovipositional restraint, resulting in a high proportion of PIM of hosts. Understanding factors that influence PIM will provide better evaluations of field releases of parasitoids to control flies and will aid in the development of the most economic procedures for large scale rearing of pteromalid parasitoids. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Petersen, J. J.; Catangui, M. A.; Watson, D. W.] Univ Nebraska, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Petersen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90078-E PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DB UT WOS:000207173200003 ER PT J AU Connick, WJ Boyette, CD McAlpine, JR AF Connick, William J., Jr. Boyette, C. Douglas McAlpine, Jimmy R. TI Formulation of Mycoherbicides Using a Pasta-like Process SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Alternaria cassiae; Alternaria crassa; Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium lateritium; Abutilon theophrasti; Cassia obtusifolia; Datura stramonium; Sesbania exaltata; hemp sesbania; jimsonweed; sicklepod; velvetleaf; biological control; encapsulation; formulation; fungal pathogen; gluten; kaolin; mycoherbicide; Pesta; semolina; weed control; wheat flour AB A new pasta-like ("Pesta") process has been developed whereby fungal propagules are encapsulated (entrapped) in a wheat gluten matrix. A dough prepared from wheat flour, filler, fungus, and water was rolled into a thin sheet, air-dried, and ground into granules. The mycoherbicide agents Alternaria cassiae, A. crassa, Colletotrichum truncatum, and Fusarium lateritium were each formulated in Pesta and bioassayed against the target weed sicklepod, jimsonweed, hemp sesbania, or velvetleaf, respectively. The fungi grew and sporulated on the granules after application to soil. C. truncatum produced acervuli with conidia which were embedded in a protective mucilaginous exudate. In the greenhouse, 0.6- to 1.40-mm granules (14-18 and 18-30 mesh) containing the two Alternaria species or the Colletotrichum caused higher levels of weed mortality (68-100%) than did smaller granules (25-40%). When the granules contained F. lateritium, weed mortality was <= 30% regardless of granule size. The Pesta process appears to be a simple and effective way to formulate and deliver mycoherbicide agents. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Connick, William J., Jr.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Boyette, C. Douglas; McAlpine, Jimmy R.] ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Connick, WJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90079-F PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DB UT WOS:000207173200004 ER PT J AU Stuart, MK Burkholder, WE AF Stuart, Melissa K. Burkholder, Wendell E. TI Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Laelius pedatus (Bethylidae) and Bracon hebetor (Braconidae), Two Hymenopterous Parasitoids of Stored-Product Pests SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Laelius pedatus; Bracon hebetor; parasitoid; beneficial insect; biological control; stored products; monoclonal antibodies; ELISA AB Before parasitoids and predators are fully endorsed as biological control agents in storage facilities, a reliable technique must be developed to determine how much they contribute to the overall insect contamination of stored commodities. Because determining the origin of insect fragments by visual examination is difficult, labor-intensive, and requires special skills, we propose using immunological techniques to differentiate among insect species biochemically. In the example presented here, we generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the parasitic wasps Laelius pedatus (Say) and Bracon hebetor Say. The MAbs reacted with all life stages and both sexes of the parasitoids. In Western blots of acrylamide and agarose gels, the MAbs recognized high molecular weight proteins (>500 kDa) composed of multiple subunits, with mildly acidic to neutral isoelectric focusing points. The MAbs did not cross-react with the additional 22 insect species we tested in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These data suggest that MAb-based immunoassays could be used to differentiate among beneficial and destructive insects found in stored products. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Stuart, Melissa K.; Burkholder, Wendell E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Stored Prod Insects Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Burkholder, WE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Stored Prod Insects Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU Wallace Genetic Foundation; USDA FX The authors are indebted to Heather Hempel, Kate Lieber, Todd Mayhew, and Tonya Severson for rearing insects, and to Joel Phillips for his technical ingenuity. Mike Antolin generously provided the Bracon used in this study. We also thank Al Barak, Beverly Burden, Walt Goodman, Matt Greenstone, James Hagler, and Tom Phillips for comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge Barrie Kitto for helpful discussions. This research was supported in part by the Wallace Genetic Foundation and by a USDA postdoctoral research associateship. Mention of propriety products does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 4 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90082-B PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DB UT WOS:000207173200007 ER PT J AU Vail, PV Tebbets, JS Hoffmann, DF Dandekar, AM AF Vail, P. V. Tebbets, J. S. Hoffmann, D. F. Dandekar, A. M. TI Responses of Production and Storage Walnut Pests to Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Crystal Protein Fragments SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; endotoxin; insecticidal crystal protein fragments; Plodia interpunctella; Amyelois transitella; Cydia pomonella; biological control; walnut; transgenic plants AB Recent advances in genetic engineering have provided the opportunity to induce walnut plants to produce Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner insecticidal crystal protein fragments (ICPFs) for insect control. We studied the effects of two ICPFs CryIA(b) and CryIA(c) previously shown to be encoded by the cryIA(b) and cryIA(c) genes in the B. thuringiensis strains HD-1 and HD-73, respectively. The lethal effects on larvae of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), and the major postharvest pest Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), were investigated. Both proteins were toxic to the three species tested. Indianmeal moth larvae were the most susceptible and navel orangeworm the least; CryIA(b) was generally more toxic to navel orangeworm. Similar relationships resulted when ICPFs were incorporated into the diet. Both ICPFs caused decreased rate of development of navel orangeworm. Effects on pupal weight occurred only at the highest concentration (100 ng/cm(2)). Neither ICPF affected frequency of mating or fecundity. In addition to the lethal effects, the extended development times observed could have considerable effects on the population dynamics of the navel orangeworm and possibly other species. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Vail, P. V.; Tebbets, J. S.; Hoffmann, D. F.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. [Dandekar, A. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vail, PV (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 4 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90086-F PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DB UT WOS:000207173200011 ER PT J AU KING, N ODOM, TW SAMPSON, HW YERSIN, AG AF KING, N ODOM, TW SAMPSON, HW YERSIN, AG TI THE EFFECT OF INOVO BORON SUPPLEMENTATION ON BONE MINERALIZATION OF THE VITAMIN-D-DEFICIENT CHICKEN-EMBRYO SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BORON; CHICK EMBRYO; VITAMIN-D-DEFICIENT; BONE MINERALIZATION; GROWTH PLATE; INOVO ID ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS; DIETARY BORON; MAGNESIUM; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; RATS AB It has been hypothesized that boron (B) is an essential element for animals, but its action will vary greatly depending on the nutriture of the organism. One of the nutrients implicated as having an interaction with boron is cholecalciferol (Vit D3). This study was carried out to determine if such an interaction exists. The study was conducted utilizing vitamin D-deficient chicken embryos that were injected through the shell at 8 d of embryogenesis with carrier (NaCl and/or acetone), B (0.5 mg), B + Vit D3 (0.5 mg and 0.3-mu-g, respectively), or Vit D3 (0.3 or 1.5-mu-g). The in ovo concomitant administration of boron and vitamin D enhanced (p < 0.05) the hatchability of the vitamin D-deficient embryos. Furthermore, boron and/or vitamin D3 increased (p < 0.05) the percent of bone ash and decreased (p < 0.05) the exaggerated height of the proliferative zone of the epiphyseal growth plate normally observed in vitamin D deficiency, suggesting a more rapid bone formation. The results provide further evidence supporting the hypothesis that boron plays a role in bone mineralization through an interaction with vitamin D. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USAI,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,COLLEGE STN,TX. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL MED,DEPT ANAT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. PENN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1007/BF02990193 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GY687 UT WOS:A1991GY68700003 PM 1723613 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT MEDEIROS, DM AF SAARI, JT MEDEIROS, DM TI EFFECT OF DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE ON ENLARGED HEARTS OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; DMSO; HEART; MYOCARDIUM; MITOCHONDRIA; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PEROXIDATION; FREE RADICALS ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; DIETARY COPPER; LINOLEIC-ACID; DOSE-RATE; TISSUES; CHOLESTEROL; MEMBRANES; IRON; PROTEINS AB The purpose of this study was to examine, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nature of the protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on hearts of copper-deficient (CuD) rats. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, in a two-way design, CuD (0.45-mu-g/g) or copper-sufficient (CuS, 5.4-mu-g/g) diets with or without 5% DMSO in their drinking water. After 28 d, CuD rats showed typical signs of copper deficiency, including reduced liver and heart Cu, enlarged hearts, and anemia. DMSO-treated, CuD rats had lower heart weights and higher hematocrits than CuD rats. DMSO enhanced organ Cu concentrations in CuS, but not in CuD rats. TEM of CuD hearts showed myofibrillar distortion and enlarged, vacuolated mitochondria with fragmented cristae; morphometric measurements indicated an enhanced mitochondrial/myofibrillar ratio (mito/myo), but an increase of both mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass relative to CuS hearts. Compared to CuD hearts, DMSO-treated CuD hearts showed better mitochondrial morphology and myofibrillar organization, as well as a greater mito/myo, but lower mitochondrial and myofibrillar masses. Its function as a hydroxyl radical scavenger indicates that DMSO could protect CuD hearts, in particular their mitochondria, against oxidative damage. However, because measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not consistent with this theory, other metabolic mechanisms, direct and indirect, must be examined. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD MANAGEMENT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP SAARI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. OI Medeiros, Denis/0000-0002-3848-2071 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1007/BF02990195 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GY687 UT WOS:A1991GY68700005 PM 1723615 ER PT J AU GEISERT, RD LEE, CY SIMMEN, FA ZAVY, MT FLISS, AE BAZER, FW SIMMEN, RCM AF GEISERT, RD LEE, CY SIMMEN, FA ZAVY, MT FLISS, AE BAZER, FW SIMMEN, RCM TI EXPRESSION OF MESSENGER-RNAS ENCODING INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I, FACTOR-II, AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-2 IN BOVINE ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE ESTROUS-CYCLE AND EARLY-PREGNANCY SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; IGF-II; RAT; SEQUENCE; TISSUES; UTERUS; FETAL; PIG; PERIATTACHMENT; ENVIRONMENT AB The present study characterized the changes in concentrations of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II) in uterine luminal flushings, and the endometrial mRNA levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) obtained from Days 0 through 18 of the bovine estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II in uterine flushings were greater on Days 0 and 5 than on other days of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Northern blot analysis of endometrial poly(A)+ RNA revealed two major transcripts of 7.5 and 1.0 Kb for IGF-I, one major transcript of 4.0 Kb for IGF-II, and one major transcript of 1.3 Kb for IGFBP-2. RNA dot-blot analyses indicated that endometrial expression of IGF-I mRNA was unaffected by day of the estrous cycle or status (cyclic vs. pregnancy). However, endometrial expression of IGF-II mRNA was greater in pregnant than in cyclic endometrium on Days 15 and 18. Levels of endometrial IGFBP-2 mRNA increased (p < 0.05) between Days 10 and 18 of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Results suggest that the presence of the bovine conceptus has a stimulatory effect on endometrial expression levels of IGF-II, whereas progesterone appears to be involved with enhancement of IGFBP-2. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,OKLAHOMA AGR EXPT STN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT DAIRY SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RI Simmen, Frank/J-9464-2012 NR 47 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 6 BP 975 EP 983 DI 10.1095/biolreprod45.6.975 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA GR668 UT WOS:A1991GR66800024 PM 1725270 ER PT J AU SHEFFIELD, CL DELOACH, JR AF SHEFFIELD, CL DELOACH, JR TI NONENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN-BASED RED-BLOOD-CELL SUBSTITUTES - AN UPDATED VIEW SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID STROMA-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; BOVINE HEMOGLOBIN; POLYOXYETHYLENE CONJUGATE; PYRIDOXYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; RESUSCITATION FLUID; TOXICITY; DIALYSIS; RAT; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYHEMOGLOBIN RP SHEFFIELD, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5 BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GR421 UT WOS:A1991GR42100001 PM 1777112 ER PT J AU BAILLARGEON, MW SONNET, PE AF BAILLARGEON, MW SONNET, PE TI SELECTIVE LIPID HYDROLYSIS BY GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM NRRL Y-553 LIPASE SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A crude preparation of lipases from the fungus Geotrichum candidum NRRL Y-553,which shows specificity toward cis-9 unsaturated fatty acids, was used to hydrolyze natural fats and oils, with the goal of producing industrially useful fatty acid and/or mono- and diacylglycerols products. Tallow and soy oil were hydrolyzed, producing free fatty acids high in oleic or cis-9 unsaturates, respectively. Hydrolysis of rapeseed oil produced acylglycerols enriched in erucic acid. RP BAILLARGEON, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 12 BP 871 EP 874 DI 10.1007/BF01022089 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GW699 UT WOS:A1991GW69900006 ER PT J AU SCATENA, FN LARSEN, MC AF SCATENA, FN LARSEN, MC TI PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF HURRICANE HUGO IN PUERTO-RICO SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article AB On 18 September 1989 the western part of Hurricane Hugo crossed eastern Puerto Rico and the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF). Storm-facing slopes on the northeastern part of the island that were within 15 km of the eye and received greater than 200 mm of rain were most affected by the storm. In the LEF and nearby area, recurrence intervals associated with Hurricane Hugo were 50 yr for wind velocity, 10 to 31 yr for stream discharge, and 5 yr for rainfall intensity. To compare the magnitudes of the six hurricanes to pass over Puerto Rico since 1899, 3 indices were developed using the standardized values of the product of: the maximum sustained wind speed at San Juan squared and storm duration; the square of the product of the maximum sustained wind velocity at San Juan and the ratio of the distance between the hurricane eye and San Juan to the distance between the eye and percentage of average annual rainfall delivered by the storm. Based on these indices, Hurricane Hugo was of moderate intensity. However, because of the path of Hurricane Hugo, only one of these six storms (the 1932 storm) caused more damage to the LEF than Hurricane Hugo. Hurricanes of Hugo's magnitude are estimated to pass over the LEF once every 50-60 yr, on average. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. RP SCATENA, FN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 25 TC 188 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.2307/2388247 PN A PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB622 UT WOS:A1991HB62200002 ER PT J AU FRANGI, JL LUGO, AE AF FRANGI, JL LUGO, AE TI HURRICANE DAMAGE TO A FLOOD-PLAIN FOREST IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO-RICO SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article AB Hurricane Hugo caused low to moderate damage to a flood plain forest that was partially protected by its topographic position. Treefalls and the location of damage suggested N to NW wind direction during the storm. Thirty percent of the trees, or 693 trees/ha, had some damage and 84 percent of the damage was to the canopy. Most of the damage to trees was caused by direct wind impact (83%) as opposed to secondary effects (16%). Over 80 percent of the snapped, leaning, and uprooted trees were dicotyledonous. Tree mortality was only 1 percent, and most of the damage to the sierra palm Prestoea montana (R. Grah.) Nichols was loss of leaves. Rapid refoliation, epicormic branching, adventitious root production, resprouting, and regeneration from seed in open areas were observed nine months after the event. Ten percent of the aboveground biomass and 12-16 percent of the nutrient stocks (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) were transferred to the forest floor, mostly in the form of woody biomass and nutrient-rich leaves. Palm leaves were the dominant leaf component of necromass. Instantaneous in situ fine and coarse necromass production was 10 and 9.2 Mg/ha, respectively. Net changes in aboveground mass, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg (in percent of prehurricane value) were 8, 3, 0, 3, 12, and 1, respectively, in spite of a high rate of loss by export. The source of additional mass and nutrients were holes from upland forests that fell into and remained inside the flood plain. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP FRANGI, JL (reprint author), NATL UNIV LA PLATA,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. NR 8 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.2307/2388248 PN A PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB622 UT WOS:A1991HB62200003 ER PT J AU LODGE, DJ SCATENA, FN ASBURY, CE SANCHEZ, MJ AF LODGE, DJ SCATENA, FN ASBURY, CE SANCHEZ, MJ TI FINE LITTERFALL AND RELATED NUTRIENT INPUTS RESULTING FROM HURRICANE HUGO IN SUBTROPICAL WET AND LOWER MONTANE RAIN-FORESTS OF PUERTO-RICO SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article ID LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS AB On 18 September 1989 Hurricane Hugo defoliated large forested areas of northeastern Puerto Rico. In two severely damaged subtropical wet forest sites, a mean of 1006-1083 g/m2, or 419-451 times the mean daily input of fine litter (leaves, small wood, and miscellaneous debris) was deposited on the forest floor. An additional 928 g/m2 of litter was suspended above the ground. A lower montane rain forest site received 682 times the mean daily fine litterfall. The concentrations of N and P in the hurricane leaf litter ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 and 1.7 to 3.3 times the concentrations of N and P in normal leaffall, respectively. In subtropical wet forest, fine litterfall from the hurricane contained 1.3 and 1.5-2.4 times the mean annual litterfall inputs of N and P, respectively. These sudden high nutrient inputs apparently altered nutrient cycling. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPTL STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP LODGE, DJ (reprint author), UNIV PUERTO RICO,CTR ENERGY & ENVIRONM RES,POB 363682,SAN JUAN,PR 00936, USA. NR 26 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.2307/2388249 PN A PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB622 UT WOS:A1991HB62200004 ER PT J AU STEUDLER, PA MELILLO, JM BOWDEN, RD CASTRO, MS LUGO, AE AF STEUDLER, PA MELILLO, JM BOWDEN, RD CASTRO, MS LUGO, AE TI THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND HUMAN DISTURBANCES ON SOIL-NITROGEN DYNAMICS AND TRACE GAS FLUXES IN A PUERTO-RICAN WET FOREST SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATIONS; DEFORESTATION AB We examined the effects of two disturbances (Hurricane Hugo and forest clearcutting) on soil nitrogen dynamics and on the exchanges of N2O, CO2, and CH4 between soils and the atmosphere of a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico. The disturbances resulted in prolonged increases in ammonium pools and short-term increases in rates of net N-mineralization and net nitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions increased following both disturbances. The most dramatic increase was observed 4 mo after clearcutting; N2O emissions (109.49-mu-g N/m2-hr) from the cut plot were about two orders of magnitude higher than emissions from the reference plot (1.71-mu-g N/m2-hr). Carbon dioxide emissions from both disturbed plots (mean 102.47 mg C/m2-hr) were about 30 percent lower than the reference (mean 151.28 mg C/m2-hr). Soils at all sites were generally sinks for CH4. Methane uptake, however, was suppressed by both disturbances. This suppression may be related to disturbance-induced changes in the nitrogen cycle, as we have previously observed in temperate zone forests. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP STEUDLER, PA (reprint author), MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204 NR 40 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 21 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.2307/2388252 PN A PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB622 UT WOS:A1991HB62200007 ER PT J AU OSULLIVAN, NP DUNNINGTON, EA SMITH, EJ GROSS, WB SIEGEL, PB AF OSULLIVAN, NP DUNNINGTON, EA SMITH, EJ GROSS, WB SIEGEL, PB TI PERFORMANCE OF EARLY AND LATE FEATHERING BROILER BREEDER FEMALES WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EGG-PRODUCTION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; WHITE LEGHORNS; BODY-WEIGHT; GROWTH-RATE; FOOD-INTAKE; CHICKENS; PULLETS; RESTRICTION; RESPONSES AB 1. Growth, reproductive characteristics and immunocompetence were evaluated in a line of broiler breeder females segregating at the sex-linked feathering locus when maintained on three feeding regimens with two forms of food in a factorial design. 2. Long-term obesity but not short-term weight gain had deleterious consequences for reproductive characteristics, response to sheep red blood cell antigen, resistance to Escherichia coli and livability. 3. Reproductive performance of early feathering females was superior to that of late feathering ones. Differences were attributed to an association between the allele for late feathering and an endogenous viral locus ev21, which encodes for avian leucosis virus. 4. Reproductive performance of breeders fed crumbles was superior to that of breeders fed a combination of crumbles and fines. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP OSULLIVAN, NP (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 32 IS 5 BP 981 EP 995 DI 10.1080/00071669108417423 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR066 UT WOS:A1991GR06600007 PM 1664781 ER PT J AU PINE, RT ANDERSON, LWJ AF PINE, RT ANDERSON, LWJ TI EFFECT OF TRIPLOID GRASS CARP ON SUBMERSED AQUATIC PLANTS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA PONDS SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB Two ponds in Davis, California were divided and stocked with the equivalent of 30 or 60 triploid grass carp, Ctenopharygodon idella Val. per hectare to determine effects on Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L., sago pondweed, Potamogeton pectinatus L., and Chara sp. In the east pond, after 15 months, Eurasian watermilfoil had not been affected in the 30 fish/ha section and had been stimulated to grow in the 60 fish/ha section. Sago pondweed was reduced by 80% and 100% and Chara sp. was reduced by 2% and 72% at 30 and 60 fish/ha, respectively. At initial stocking, little Chara sp. was present in the section with 30 fish/ha. In the west pond, after 15 months, Eurasian watermilfoil had been reduced by 38% and 24% and sago pondweed by 87% and 100% at 30 and 60 fish/ha, respectively. Based on the above values, triploid grass carp preference was: sago pondweed > Chara > Eurasian watermilfoil (P < 0.05). A filamentous alga, Cladophora sp., disappeared from areas not surrounded by exclosures nine months after fish introduction. Nutritional variables of Kjeldahl nitrogen, fat, ash, and acid detergent fiber did not correlate with plant fresh weight consumed. RP PINE, RT (reprint author), USDA,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 1991 VL 77 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA FV647 UT WOS:A1991FV64700004 ER PT J AU KIM, CS HOSTETLER, JE AF KIM, CS HOSTETLER, JE TI POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF A WATER QUALITY-CONSTRAINED DYNAMIC-MODEL OF NITROGEN-FERTILIZER USE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D ECONOMIE RURALE LA English DT Article RP KIM, CS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN AGR ECON & FARM MANAGEMENT SOC PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST SUITE 907, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Econ. Rural. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.1991.tb03639.x PN 2 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JE440 UT WOS:A1991JE44000015 ER PT J AU LEE, CK AF LEE, CK TI RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION OF INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES WITH USE AND MAKE MATRICES - AN APPLICATION TO UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D ECONOMIE RURALE LA English DT Article RP LEE, CK (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN AGR ECON & FARM MANAGEMENT SOC PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST SUITE 907, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Econ. Rural. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 795 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.1991.tb03641.x PN 2 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JE440 UT WOS:A1991JE44000017 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DE AF FERGUSON, DE TI ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WESTERN CONEFLOWER (RUDBECKIA-OCCIDENTALIS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Note DE PINUS-CONTORTA; PICEA-ENGELMANNII AB Water extracts and volatiles from western coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt.) were tested for allelopathic potential under controlled laboratory conditions. Test species were lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Lilly Miller Great Lakes), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) using four treatments (leaves-stems, solid caudex, rotting caudex, and control). Water extracts reduced radicle lengths of seeds but had little effect on germination. Volatiles reduced or delayed germination but had little effect on radicle lengths of germinants. RP FERGUSON, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2806 EP 2808 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HF677 UT WOS:A1991HF67700030 ER PT J AU BARRETT, SW ARNO, SF KEY, CH AF BARRETT, SW ARNO, SF KEY, CH TI FIRE REGIMES OF WESTERN LARCH - LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS IN GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK, MONTANA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN ROCKIES; VEGETATION; FREQUENCY; HISTORY; VALLEY AB We conducted a detailed investigation of fire frequencies, patterns of fire spread, and the effects of fire on tree succession in the western larch - lodgepole pine (Larix occidentalis - Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests west of the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana. Master fire chronologies for 1650 to the present were constructed based on tree fire scars and fire-initiated age-classes. Two kinds of primeval fire regimes were identified: (i) a mixed-severity regime ranging from nonlethal underburns to stand-replacing fires at mean intervals of 25-75 years and (ii) a regime of infrequent stand-replacing fires at mean intervals of 140-340 years. The former regime is characteristic of the North Fork Flathead valley and appears to be linked to a relatively dry climate and gentler topography compared with the McDonald Creek - Apgar Mountains and Middle Fork Flathead areas, where the latter fire regime predominates. Fire frequency in the entire North Fork study area was 20 fire years per century prior to 1935 and 2 per century after 1935. In the other two study areas it was 3-5 per century both before and after 1935. We suggest that fire suppression has altered the primeval fire regime in the North Fork, but not in the central and southern areas. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. US DEPT INTERIOR,GLACIER NATL PK,NATL PK SERV,W GLACIER,MT 59936. RP BARRETT, SW (reprint author), SYST ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,POB 8868,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 52 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1711 EP 1720 DI 10.1139/x91-237 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GW451 UT WOS:A1991GW45100002 ER PT J AU REICH, RM MIELKE, PW HAWKSWORTH, FG AF REICH, RM MIELKE, PW HAWKSWORTH, FG TI SPATIAL-ANALYSIS OF PONDEROSA PINE TREES INFECTED WITH DWARF MISTLETOE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENCE; PATTERN; TIME AB Distance-based multiresponse permutation procedures are presented as an alternative method of characterizing the spatial point pattern of mapped data sets. Methods are described for studying the spatial relationships and patterns in populations consisting of two or more groups. The ability of multiresponse permutation procedures to detect both nonrandom spatial patterns and segregation is compared with Hopkins and Skellam's coefficient of aggregation and Pielou's index of segregation, respectively, using data on the size and severity of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens) infection of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) trees. One advantage of multiresponse permutation procedures is that it uses all of the data in the analysis instead of a random sample that is subject to edge effect and sampling errors. Unlike distance sampling, multiresponse permutation procedures are not linked to specific model assumption and hence are more widely applicable as a descriptive measure. However, this method is computationally intensive and has certain limitations, which are highlighted in the discussion. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP REICH, RM (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1808 EP 1815 DI 10.1139/x91-249 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GW451 UT WOS:A1991GW45100014 ER PT J AU GAINES, CS AF GAINES, CS TI INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF THE HARDNESS OF COOKIES AND CRACKERS SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE RP GAINES, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 12 BP 989 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GU792 UT WOS:A1991GU79200002 ER PT J AU MAYER, MS MCLAUGHLIN, JR AF MAYER, MS MCLAUGHLIN, JR TI DISCRIMINATION OF FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE BY MALE TRICHOPLUSIA-NI (HUBNER) SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article ID NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; COMPONENTS; ODORANTS; MOTH AB The olfactory discrimination process of male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusa ni (Hubner), was assessed by measuring their response to one of two emission sources within a wind tunnel. The males discriminated between (1) Z7-12:Ac concentrations; (2) Z7-12:Ac alone and the volatile emission from excised female sex pheromone glands; and (3) Z7-12:Ac and the emission from a mixture of six synthetic pheromone components that mimics the volatile emissions of a female gland. Although males could discriminate between a freshly excised female sex pheromone gland and 7.4 x 10(-11) M Z7-12:Ac, they could not discriminate between a gland and 78.5 x 10(-11) M Z7-12:Ac. Males also could not discriminate between the mixture of six volatile compounds and 28.7 x 10(-11) M of Z7-12:Ac. The data show that male cabbage looper moths have difficulty discriminating between Z7-12:Ac alone and in mixtures with other female-emitted volatile compounds. RP MAYER, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD DEC PY 1991 VL 16 IS 6 BP 699 EP 710 DI 10.1093/chemse/16.6.699 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA HA934 UT WOS:A1991HA93400008 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR FOSBERG, MA AF BLANK, RR FOSBERG, MA TI EFFECTS OF FREEZING ON COLLOIDAL HALLOYSITE - IMPLICATIONS FOR TEMPERATE SOILS SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE FRAGIPAN; IDAHO; LOESS; TEPHRA; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X-RAY DIFFRACTION AB The literature reports that freezing of aqueous aluminosilicate clay suspensions can produce clay aggregates that disperse with agitation. Our experiments indicate that colloidal suspensions extracted from north Idaho loess soils (Boralfs), when frozen, form silt- and sand-sized agglomerates that resist dispersion with agitation. XRD and TEM analyses showed that colloids are dominantlly halloysite between 0.10 to 0.30-mu-m in diameter. The colloidal halloysite has anomalously high mole ratios of Si/Al and a high Fe content. Freeze-produced agglomerates are light yellow to yellowish-brown in color, occur in the form of plates, wedges, cuspates, or laths, and often exhibit uniform optical properties, suggesting a crystalline product. Selected area electron diffraction, however, indicates that the agglomerates are polycrystalline. With proper orientation, agglomerates produce acute bisectrix interference figures that are optically negative with variable 2V, generally < 30-degrees. XRD analyses and IR spectra imply that the agglomerates are halloysite. Measured optical properties, however, are different than those reported for halloysite and may be affected by the high Fe content and polycrystalline nature of the agglomerates. Grains, exhibiting similar optical properties as laboratory-produced agglomerates, are a minor proportion of the very-fine sand fraction in some horizons of the soils studied. Freeze-aided agglomeration of colloidal material may be an important process in temperate climates. It may be overlooked because of particle destruction by soil pretreatments or morphological order and/or optical similarity to some micaceous minerals. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL AGR,DIV SOILS,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP BLANK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANDSCAPE ECOL RANGELANDS UNIT,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 6 BP 642 EP 650 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA HD696 UT WOS:A1991HD69600010 ER PT J AU HELM, RM SHARKEY, P BURKS, AW BRENNER, RJ AF HELM, RM SHARKEY, P BURKS, AW BRENNER, RJ TI INVITRO TRANSLATION OF COCKROACH PROTEINS THAT BIND IGE FROM SERUM OF COCKROACH-SENSITIVE INDIVIDUALS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP A851 EP A851 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW912 UT WOS:A1991GW91200304 ER PT J AU ENGEMAN, RM SWANSON, GD AF ENGEMAN, RM SWANSON, GD TI ON ANALYTICAL METHODS AND INTERFENCES FOR 2X2 CONTINGENCY TABLE DATA FROM MEDICAL STUDIES SO COMPUTERS AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,DENVER,CO 80262. RP ENGEMAN, RM (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,BLDG 16,DFC,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0010-4809 J9 COMPUT BIOMED RES JI Comput. Biomed. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 24 IS 6 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1016/0010-4809(91)90036-V PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA GR690 UT WOS:A1991GR69000001 PM 1769228 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JW AF THOMAS, JW TI SUSTAINABLE BIOSPHERE INITIATIVE - COMMENT SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP THOMAS, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY & RANGE SCI LAB,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 552 EP 552 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00366.x PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW577 UT WOS:A1991GW57700022 ER PT J AU SALWASSER, H AF SALWASSER, H TI NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR SUSTAINING DIVERSITY IN UNITED-STATES NATIONAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SALWASSER, H (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 567 EP 569 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00372.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW577 UT WOS:A1991GW57700028 ER PT J AU BRUGGER, KE NELMS, CO AF BRUGGER, KE NELMS, CO TI SUCROSE AVOIDANCE BY AMERICAN ROBINS (TURDUS-MIGRATORIUS) - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL OF BIRD DAMAGE IN FRUIT CROPS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN ROBIN; AVERSION; BIRD DAMAGE; FRUITS; NORTH AMERICA; SUCROSE INTOLERANCE; SUGAR PREFERENCES; TURDUS-MIGRATORIUS ID CEDAR WAXWINGS; EATING BIRDS; PREFERENCES; RESPONSES; SUGARS; COLOR AB Altering the relative sugar content in fruit is a potential alternative to chemical, aural and visual repellents to control bird damage to cultivated fruit crops. Some frugivorous birds, such as the American robin (Turdus migratorius), lack the digestive enzyme sucrase, and therefore cannot digest sucrose. It was predicted that robins would avoid consumption of foods that contain sucrose. When offered sweetened agar cubes that contained glucose, fructose, sucrose, or a hexose mixture, total consumption was significantly lower and faecal sugar concentration higher in the sucrose tests. In tests involving two sugars, mean total consumption was reduced when sucrose was eaten. Development of high-sucrose fruits warrants further investigation as a means to mitigate bird damage to certain fruit crops. RP BRUGGER, KE (reprint author), USDA APHIS ST,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 10 IS 6 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(91)80110-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU343 UT WOS:A1991GU34300005 ER PT J AU PARK, JM AF PARK, JM TI TIPS ON USING EXTEL CARDS - A UNIQUE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL DATABASE SO DATABASE LA English DT Database Review C1 USDA,GRAD SCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 462 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-2126 SN 0162-4105 J9 DATABASE JI Database PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 6 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA GM855 UT WOS:A1991GM85500012 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC HEIN, GL AF ELLIOTT, NC HEIN, GL TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF THE WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM - FORMULATION, VALIDATION, AND ANALYSIS OF A SIMULATION-MODEL SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; HOST PLANT PHENOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; LAWRENCE COLEOPTERA; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; BARBERI COLEOPTERA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; ADULT WESTERN AB A simulation model of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, population dynamics was developed. The model includes functions for pre-imaginal development and mortality, and ageing, development, oviposition, mortality, migration, and dispersal of adults. Model validation and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Both the timing and pattern of simulated adult emergence were similar to that observed in field populations. The simulated pattern of adult abundance throughout the season was generally consistent with that observed, as were simulated seasonal patterns of oviposition. Model predictions of egg densities at the end of the season were within one standard error of field estimates each year. In neither year did simulated survival of immature rootworms fall within two standard errors of observed estimates, suggesting that factors contributing to immature mortality were inadequately described in the model. Model output was very sensitive to small changes in the parameters of functions describing temperature-dependent development rates of immature rootworms and corn plants, and a function that describes the distribution of age-specific oviposition. Model output was also sensitive to variation in the planting date of corn and the initial population density of rootworm eggs. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90129-O PG 30 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW977 UT WOS:A1991GW97700005 ER PT J AU LONGLAND, WS PRICE, MV AF LONGLAND, WS PRICE, MV TI DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF OWLS AND HETEROMYID RODENTS - CAN PREDATION RISK EXPLAIN MICROHABITAT USE SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHAETODIPUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DESERT RODENTS; DIPODOMYS; FORAGING ECONOMICS; MICRODIPODOPS; MICROHABITAT; MOONLIGHT; OWLS; RISK-FORAGING TRADE-OFF ID BANNERTAIL KANGAROO RATS; DESERT RODENTS; CONFLICTING DEMANDS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GREY SQUIRREL; MIDDLE-EAR; BODY SIZE; TRADE-OFF; COMMUNITIES; MORPHOLOGY AB Coexisting heteromyid rodent species of North American deserts differ in habitat use and in locomotory morphology. Quadrupedal species forage primarily in structurally complex microhabitats, such as under bush canopies, while bipedal species forage in open spaces. A common explanation for this morphology-microhabitat association is that species differing in morphology also differ in vulnerability to predators, that microhabitat structure affects predation risk, and that animals preferentially forage in the safest microhabitats. We tested this for two bipedal and two quadrupedal heteromyid species (matched by body size), and one cricetid species, by quantifying effects of habitat and illumination on activity and on risk of predation by Great Homed Owls. Capture frequencies were lower for all heteromyid species than for the cricetid species, Peromyscus maniculatus. Heteromyid activity was lower in open habitat and under bright illumination. Illumination had no significant effect on risk, perhaps because rodents changed activity patterns under full moon to compensate for a potential increment in risk. Habitat, however, did affect fisk: all species were attacked and captured more frequently in the open. Bipedal species were attacked relatively more in the open than were quadrupeds. If these results apply to all predators, they indicate that predation alone cannot account for the divergent microhabitat associations of bipedal and quadrupedal species. Bipedal heteromyids, however, escaped owl attacks more frequently than did quadrupeds of equivalent size. It is therefore conceivable that they experience lower overall risk in nature, where owls may preferentially attack more easily captured prey species when given a choice. Under these circumstances, owl predation could reinforce divergent microhabitat specializations based on some other factor, such as foraging economics, by restricting quadrupeds more strongly than bipeds to the safety of bushes. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. RP LONGLAND, WS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BIOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 64 TC 227 Z9 237 U1 3 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 72 IS 6 BP 2261 EP 2273 DI 10.2307/1941576 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV769 UT WOS:A1991GV76900032 ER PT J AU LI, YF HUANG, CJ KLINDT, J ANDERSON, LL AF LI, YF HUANG, CJ KLINDT, J ANDERSON, LL TI DIVERGENT EFFECTS OF ANTIPROGESTERONE, RU-486, ON PROGESTERONE, RELAXIN, AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN PREGNANT AND HYSTERECTOMIZED PIGS WITH AGING CORPORA-LUTEA SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; ESTROGEN; PARTURITION; RECEPTORS; RELEASE; SWINE; CELLS; RAT; LACTATION AB Porcine corpora lutea produce progesterone and relaxin during pregnancy and after hysterectomy. Peak amounts of relaxin are released into peripheral blood in both pregnant and hysterectomized animals on about day 113 (estrus = day 0 and term = 114), and this release coincides with an abrupt decrease in the progesterone concentration. RU 486, a progesterone receptor antagonist, was used to investigate the effects of interruption of progesterone binding to its receptor on luteal function and gonadotropin secretion of pigs with aging corpora lutea. RU 486 was administered orally to hysterectomized gilts (surgery on day 8) once a day (0800 h) on days 111-115 at two dosages (group 1, 2 mg/kg BW; group 2, 4 mg/kg BW). During 5 days of RU 486 treatment, plasma progesterone concentrations in both treated groups were markedly elevated (32 and 37 ng/ml for groups 1 and 2) compared with 22 ng/ml in the controls (group 3; P < 0.01). PRL concentrations increased in both groups (9 and 13 ng/ml) and differed significantly from those of the controls (3 ng/ml) (P < 0.04). RU 486 treatment delayed the time of relaxin peak to days 116.1 and 117.0 in groups 1 and 2 compared with day 114.1 in the controls (P < 0.01). Pregnant gilts received RU 486 orally once a day (0800 h) at 4 mg/kg BW beginning on day 111 until parturition occurred. Parturition was induced on day 112.7 after only two RU 486 treatments compared with day 114.7 in the control group (P < 0.01). Progesterone decreased abruptly from a pretreatment mean of 11 to less than 0.6 ng/ml during the 2 days that RU 486 was given compared with a shift from 12 to 6 ng/ml during the same period in the controls (P < 0.01). The time of the relaxin peak was advanced to day 112.1 in RU 486-treated gilts compared with day 113.9 in the controls (P < 0.01). Results from this study provide strong evidence that the antagonistic effect of RU 486 on progesterone receptor results in an abrupt increase in PRL and progesterone secretion in hysterectomized gilts with aging corpora lutea. In marked contrast with hysterectomized animals, the acute luteolytic effects of RU 486 depend on the presence of the uterus and/or conceptuses in the pig. Disruption of the regulatory loop of progesterone secretion by RU 486 alters the ability of corpora lutea to produce and release peak quantities of relaxin. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,11 KILDEE HALL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,SCI & EDUC ADM,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP ANDERSON, LL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,11 KILDEE HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2907 EP 2914 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GT670 UT WOS:A1991GT67000017 PM 1954877 ER PT J AU KEMP, WP DENNIS, B AF KEMP, WP DENNIS, B TI TOWARD A GENERAL-MODEL OF RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) PHENOLOGY IN THE STEPPE REGION OF MONTANA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; INSECT DEVELOPMENT; PHENOLOGY ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; INSECT PHENOLOGY AB A 4-yr study was conducted to examine the phenology of rangeland grasshoppers at 12 sites throughout Montana. A six-species complex of common and economically important rangeland grasshoppers was selected to facilitate comparisons between sites in this environmentally heterogeneous state. Results showed that a published phenology model (developed by Dennis, B., W. P. Kemp & R. C. Beckwith. 1986. A stochastic model of insect phenology: estimation and testing Environ. Entomol. 15: 540-546, and Dennis, B. & W. P. Kemp. 1988. Further statistical inference methods for a stochastic model of insect phenology. Environ. Entomol. 17: 887-893) provided good estimates of "general" grasshopper phenology for each site and year. Comparisons of developmental "signposts" (75% first instar, peak second to fifth instars, and 75% adults) for grasshoppers between sites and years indicated that they can be used by resource managers for estimating when development stages of rangeland grasshoppers are likely to occur. The developmental signposts were separated, on average, by 8-12 d. Implications of these results for rangeland insect pest management are discussed. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL FORESTRY WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP KEMP, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1515 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW142 UT WOS:A1991GW14200002 ER PT J AU AMMAN, GD BARTOS, DL AF AMMAN, GD BARTOS, DL TI MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE OFFSPRING CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH FEMALES PRODUCING 1ST AND 2ND BROODS, MALE PRESENCE, AND EGG GALLERY LENGTH SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; PINUS-CONTORTA; PHENOLOGY ID COLEOPTERA; EMERGENCE AB Three groups of mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, were placed in fresh lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann, billets and allowed to construct egg galleries. Group I consisted of reemerged females that had previously made egg galleries in the field; group II consisted of new females allowed to mate, then males were removed; and group III consisted of new females with males present throughout gallery construction. Offspring from these rearings were compared by gallery section for brood production, rate of emergence, size, and sex ratio. Reemerged females were as successful in establishing galleries as new females but produced significantly fewer beetles than new females with males present. Offspring of new females emerged at a faster rate than those of reemerged females. Offspring from reemerged females were larger than those of group II females, but not those from group III females. Sex ratios were not significantly different among offspring of the three groups. RP AMMAN, GD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,OGDEN,UT 84401, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1562 EP 1567 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW142 UT WOS:A1991GW14200010 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, AL BEERS, EH ELSNER, EA AF KNIGHT, AL BEERS, EH ELSNER, EA TI MODELING POSTDIAPAUSE EGG AND NYMPHAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PHENOLOGY; NONLINEAR DEVELOPMENT ID SIMULATION AB Constant-temperature development studies were conducted with overwintering postdiapause eggs and first-generation nymphal stages of white apple leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee. Plots of development rates versus temperature were nonlinear over the range of temperatures tested, 13-30-degrees-C. Optimum nymphal development for each stage occurred over a narrow range of temperatures, 26-28-degrees-C. Developmental rates (times) for each life stage were normalized and fit to cumulative curves of development (Weibull and logistic functions) to produce a predictive phenology model. Comparison of these curves with the development of two nymphal cohorts under field temperatures showed that the model was significant. However, the fit of the model to data on cumulative egg hatch from three orchards was poor. Comparison of the model with cumulative counts of first generation nymphal stages sampled weekly or biweekly in several orchards between 1986 and 1989 showed the model was on average 0-4 d late in predicting 1, 50, and 99% completion of each nymphal stage. Yet, the model predicted the occurrence of these three events within 7 d of the observed event in > 90% of the comparisons. Prediction of the timing of peak population density of instars 1-3 (the most susceptible life stages to organophosphate insecticides) was < 3 d when stage-specific survivorship rates of < 70% were included in the model. C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA,WA 98902. RP KNIGHT, AL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR TREE FRUIT RES & EXTENS,1100 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1659 EP 1664 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW142 UT WOS:A1991GW14200024 ER PT J AU ROBACKER, DC AF ROBACKER, DC TI SPECIFIC HUNGER IN ANASTREPHA-LUDENS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) - EFFECTS ON ATTRACTIVENESS OF PROTEINACEOUS AND FRUIT-DERIVED LURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; ATTRACTANTS; SPECIFIC HUNGER ID LABORATORY-STRAIN; FLIES DIPTERA; PHEROMONE; ODOR; FLY AB Specific hunger and effects of specific hunger on attractiveness of three types of olfactory feeding attractants to a laboratory strain of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), were investigated in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse flight chamber experiments. Newly emerged flies (up to 4 d old) fed preferentially on sugar over protein, whereas 5-9-d-old flies undergoing sexual maturation fed about equally on sugar and protein. Sugar or protein deprivation increased feeding preference for sugar or protein, respectively, whereas constant access to sugar or protein decreased preference for the respective nutrient. Sugar hunger, whether age-dependent or deprivation-induced, increased attractiveness to flies of CEH, a fruit-derived attractant consisting of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate and hexanol, relative to two proteinaceous lures. Protein hunger dramatically increased attractiveness of bacteria, a purported protein source for fruit flies, relative to CEH. Protein hunger also increased attractiveness of torula yeast, a commonly used proteinaceous lure, compared with CEH, although attractiveness of torula yeast did not become greater than attractiveness of CEH. Combinations of torula yeast and CEH were not more attractive than CEH alone to any age-feeding history groups of flies. Combinations of CEH and bacterial odor were never more attractive than bacterial odor alone to protein-hungry flies and were actually less attractive then CEH alone to the one group of sugar-hungry flies (2-3-d-old unfed) that was tested. RP ROBACKER, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1680 EP 1686 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW142 UT WOS:A1991GW14200026 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ AF LIQUIDO, NJ TI EFFECT OF RIPENESS AND LOCATION OF PAPAYA FRUITS ON THE PARASITIZATION RATES OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY AND MELON FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) BY BRACONID (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITOIDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DACUS; BRACONIDAE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID INFESTATION RATES; FLIES DIPTERA; INDEX; AREA AB Parasitization rates of eggs of oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, by Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), and larvae of melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, by Psytallia fletcheri (Silvestri) in mature green to fully ripe papaya fruits on trees and in fully ripe fruits on the ground was studied. Parasitization of oriental fruit fly eggs by B. arisanus was greater in fully ripe fruits than in one-quarter to half-ripe fruits on trees; B. arisanus never parasitized oriental fruit fly eggs in mature green to color-break fruits. No difference was observed in the density of emergent B. arisanus adults from oriental fruit fly pupae recovered from fully ripe fruits on trees and on the ground. Parasitization of melon fly larvae by P. fletcheri was observed in only one fully ripe, fallen fruit. Results in relation to the effect of host plants on the foraging behavior of adult parasitoids and to the biological control of oriental fruit fly and melon fly in an agricultural ecosystem were discussed. RP LIQUIDO, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,BIOL & CONTROL RES UNIT,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1732 EP 1736 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW142 UT WOS:A1991GW14200033 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, F CRAIG, JC AF TAYLOR, F CRAIG, JC TI SCALE-UP OF FLAT-PLATE REACTORS FOR ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS OF FATS AND OILS SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIPASE; IMMOBILIZED ENZYME; ACTIVITY; GLASS FIBER; EMPIRICAL MODEL; ACRYLIC; TALLOW; THERMOMYCES-LANUGINOSUS; FERMENTATION; SEPARATOR; SCREENS ID IMMOBILIZED LIPASE AB To determine the feasibility of continuous enzymatic fat-splitting, immobilized lipase reactors were constructed from alternating layers of enzyme support material and separator screens. Partially purified lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was loaded onto the support material at pH 5.5 by irreversible adsorption. Melted edible tallow at 51-degrees-C was pumped through the immobilized enzyme layers and swept from the downstream separator screens by buffer recycled from a continuous oil/water separator. Results from continuous operation of 10-layer reactors were compared with data from single-layer reactors. The activity per square centimeter of 10-layer reactors was nearly as much as that of single-layer reactors at the same enzyme loading and oil feed rate. Data were fitted to an empirical mathematical model. RP TAYLOR, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 12 BP 956 EP 959 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(91)90116-R PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GP324 UT WOS:A1991GP32400002 ER PT J AU POPP, JL KIRK, TK DORDICK, JS AF POPP, JL KIRK, TK DORDICK, JS TI INCORPORATION OF PARA-CRESOL INTO LIGNINS VIA PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED COPOLYMERIZATION IN NONAQUEOUS MEDIA SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE; LIGNIN; NONAQUEOUS MEDIA; COPOLYMERIZATION; PHENOLIC GRAFTING ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; POLYMERIZATION; SUBSTRATE; PHENOLS AB Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, is a low value by-product of agricultural and wood conversion processes, including wood pulp manufacture. Copolymerization with phenols has the potential to convert by-product lignins to higher-value phenolic resins. In this initial investigation, we have studied the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in aqueous dioxane to catalyse the grafting of p-cresol (p-methylphenol) onto milled wood lignin, kraft lignin, and a lignin selectivity o-demethylated by a brown-rot fungus. Advantages of this system are (1) the mild reaction conditions employed and (2) the ability of HRP to function in the dioxane: water solutions which solubilize lignin. The reaction is monitored by gel permeation chromatography using a reaction system of [C-14]-p-cresol with unlabeled lignins. We have found that optimal incorporation of cresol into high-molecular-weight polymer occurs at 50-70% dioxane in water under the conditions used; a maximum incorporation of ca. 4 mol% (e.g., p-cresol incorporated per C-9 lignin unit) was obtained. Blocking the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the lignin inhibits copolymerization, consistent with the proposed mechanism of phenoxy radical copolymerization for this reaction. C1 UNIV IOWA, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 EI 1879-0909 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 12 BP 964 EP 968 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(91)90118-T PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GP324 UT WOS:A1991GP32400004 ER PT J AU LUSBY, WR SONENSHINE, DE YUNKER, CE NORVAL, RA BURRIDGE, MJ AF LUSBY, WR SONENSHINE, DE YUNKER, CE NORVAL, RA BURRIDGE, MJ TI COMPARISON OF KNOWN AND SUSPECTED PHEROMONAL CONSTITUENTS IN MALES OF THE AFRICAN TICKS, AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM KOCH AND AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM (FABRICIUS) SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Three low molecular weight compounds were found in hexane: diethyl ether extracts of fed males of the African ticks, Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) and A. hebraeum (bont tick), namely, o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and 2,6-dichlorophenol. These same compounds were also found in a rinse of fed A. variegatum males, but were absent or present in only trace amounts in a rinse of fed A. hebraeum males. Omicron-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate were present in much higher concentrations (i.e., amounts/tick) in A. variegatum than in A. hebraeum. 2,6-Dichlorophenol was also more abundant in A. variegatum than in A. hebraeum, but the differences were not as great as with the former two compounds. Extraction in hexane over a 3-week period revealed four additional compounds, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzothiazole and nonanoic acid. The first three compounds were found in males of both species; nonanoic acid was found only in A. hebraeum males. Published reports consistently show strong attraction by omicron-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate for both sexes of the two bont tick species; 2,6-dichlorophenol and benzaldehyde have been reported to be attractive to both sexes of A. hebraeum. The possible roles of these compounds, as well as others occasionally reported from A. hebraeum and A. variegatum, as components of the aggregation/attachment pheromone or other pheromones is discussed. RP LUSBY, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1007/BF01193665 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GX807 UT WOS:A1991GX80700007 PM 1786745 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM AF GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM TI PRODUCTION OF DEGRADATIVE ENZYMES BY METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE DURING GROWTH ON DEFINED MEDIA AND INSECT CUTICLE SO EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; GALLERIA MELLONELLA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; ENZYME REGULATION; CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; DEGRADING ENZYMES; VIRULENCE; MOSQUITOS; PROTEASE; INVITRO C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. RP LEATHERS, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5975 J9 EXP MYCOL JI Exp. Mycol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1016/0147-5975(91)90034-B PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA GV244 UT WOS:A1991GV24400004 ER PT J AU AMIR, J SINCLAIR, TR AF AMIR, J SINCLAIR, TR TI A MODEL OF THE TEMPERATURE AND SOLAR-RADIATION EFFECTS ON SPRING WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIELD; SIMULATION; NITROGEN; INDEX AB A simple mechanistic model was developed to analyze the effects of temperature and solar radiation on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This model uses relatively few, conservative relationships to define leaf-area development as a function of temperature, biomass accumulation as a function of intercepted radiation, and seed growth as calculated from a linear increase in harvest index with time. Using daily weather observations of solar radiation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature over a 10-year period at Gilat, Israel, a comparison of yields between model simulations and field observations was made. The simulations highlighted the influence of temperature on the development of crop leaf area, accumulated biomass, and grain-yields. Temperature especially influenced the duration of ontogenetic events, with cool temperature being clearly advantageous for increasing environmental yield potential of wheat. For unstressed wheat crops, the simple, mechanistic model accounted for much of the variability in grain-yield among seasons. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,BLDG 164,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. AGR RES ORG,GILAT EXPT STN,IL-85200 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 33 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(91)90073-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GX536 UT WOS:A1991GX53600004 ER PT J AU AMIR, J SINCLAIR, TR AF AMIR, J SINCLAIR, TR TI A MODEL OF WATER LIMITATION ON SPRING WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; PLANT INDICATORS; STRESS; CROP; PHENOLOGY; MOISTURE; NITROGEN AB A simple, mechanistic model describing the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was extended to water-limited conditions. The activities of three physiological processes were potentially retarded upon soil dehydration: leaf growth, crop gas exchange, and rate of ontogenetic development. Each of these processes was related directly to soil water content, which was calculated daily based on estimates of transpiration, soil evaporation, and water additions. For eight of the nine years experimentally studied at Gilat, Israel, the agreement between simulated and observed grain-yields differed no more than 26 g m-2. In the ninth year (1979/80), a severe drought during seed maturation decreased yields and caused the simulation to overestimate the yield. Nevertheless, the simple, mechanistic model demonstrated the importance of water availability in accounting for seasonal variations in yield. Both the amount and pattern of seasonal rainfall were found to be important in determining yield. Drought stress at anthesis was found in the simulations to have a particularly large negative effect on grain-yield, because anthesis coincides with the period in crop development requiring the maximum amounts of water. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,BLDG 164,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. AGR RES ORG,GILAT EXPT STN,IL-85200 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 16 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(91)90074-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GX536 UT WOS:A1991GX53600005 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW AF WIRTH, WW TI THE PREDACEOUS MIDGE GENUS ALLOHELEA-KIEFFER IN THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Redescriptions and figures are presented for the two previously known American species of Allohelea Kieffer, nebulosa (Coquillett) and johannseni (Wirth), and distribution records and misidentifications are corrected. Five new species are described: bottimeri from Texas, distortifemur, pedicellata and weemsi from Florida, and neotropica from the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America. A revised diagnosis is given for the genus Allohelea, and a key is presented for the western hemisphere species. C1 USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE COLLECT ARTHROPODS,1304 NW 94TH ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.2307/3495403 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW179 UT WOS:A1991GW17900002 ER PT J AU ROACH, SH AF ROACH, SH TI NATURAL PLANT MATERIALS AS OVERWINTERING SITES FOR ARTHROPODS IN THE COASTAL-PLAIN OF SOUTH-CAROLINA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PREDATORS; ORCHARDS; TRAPS AB Six types of plant materials, grass hay, wheat straw, pine needles, woods litter, corn stalks and husks, and broomsedge grass clumps were compared in small plots as sites for overwintering arthropods. Significant differences were found between numbers of some insects in the materials, with the coccinellids primarily overwintering in the broomsedge clumps, while Staphylinids preferred Bermuda grass hay and wheat straw. Overall, a limited number of important predaceous and phytophagous species were found in the different materials. There were significant differences in the number of arthropods depending upon where the materials were placed in relation to open field or field edges. RP ROACH, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD RES UNIT,POB 2131,FLORENCE,SC 29503, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 543 EP 554 DI 10.2307/3495407 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW179 UT WOS:A1991GW17900006 ER PT J AU GREANY, PD MCDONALD, RE SCHROEDER, WJ SHAW, PE AF GREANY, PD MCDONALD, RE SCHROEDER, WJ SHAW, PE TI IMPROVEMENT IN EFFICACY OF GIBBERELLIC-ACID TREATMENTS IN REDUCING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GRAPEFRUIT TO ATTACK BY CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; CITRUS; RESISTANCE AB Efficacy of the plant growth regulator, gibberellic acid (GA3), in reducing 'Marsh' grapefruit susceptibility to Anastrepha suspensa was increased through use of the surfactant, L-77 Silwet.(R) In addition, it was found that the duration of protection of grapefruit could be extended by use of two consecutive GA3 treatments a month apart. Corresponding effects on peel color and resistance to mechanical puncture were noted, but peel oil content was not affected by treatment and declined at the same rate as that of untreated fruit. The implications of these results in the further development of the fly-free concept and for fruit fly control are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD RES LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33880. RP GREANY, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 570 EP 580 DI 10.2307/3495410 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW179 UT WOS:A1991GW17900009 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C AF IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C TI CONIDIAL GERMINATION OF 2 BIOTYPES OF NOMURAEA-RILEYI SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 587 EP 589 DI 10.2307/3495413 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW179 UT WOS:A1991GW17900012 ER PT J AU BENNETT, FD GORDON, RD AF BENNETT, FD GORDON, RD TI NEW FLORIDA LADYBEETLE (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP BENNETT, FD (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 598 EP 599 DI 10.2307/3495417 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW179 UT WOS:A1991GW17900016 ER PT J AU NORRED, WP VOSS, KA BACON, CW RILEY, RT AF NORRED, WP VOSS, KA BACON, CW RILEY, RT TI EFFECTIVENESS OF AMMONIA TREATMENT IN DETOXIFICATION OF FUMONISIN CONTAMINATED CORN SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AREAS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CULTURE MATERIAL; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; AFLATOXIN; RATS; TRANSKEI; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CARCINOGENICITY; HEPATOTOXICITY AB Corn throughout the world is frequently contaminated by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which produces toxic fumonisins. Ammonia has been shown to detoxify effectively aflatoxins in corn and cottonseed. Since corn can be contaminated by both fumonisins and aflatoxins, we investigated the effects of ammoniation of corn either cultured with or naturally contaminated by F. moniliforme. Fumonisin B1 levels in the culture material and in naturally contaminated corn were reduced by 30 and about 45%, respectively, by the ammonia treatment. Despite the apparent reduction in fumonisin content, the toxicity of the culture material in rats was not altered by ammoniation. Reduced weight gains, elevated serum enzyme levels and histopathological lesions, typical of F. moniliforme toxicity, occurred in rats fed either the ammoniated or non-ammoniated culture material. Atmospheric ammoniation of corn does not appear to be an effective method for the detoxification of F. moniliforme-contaminated corn. RP NORRED, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(91)90108-J PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA GY740 UT WOS:A1991GY74000004 PM 1765326 ER PT J AU WANG, D BORMANN, FH LUGO, AE BOWDEN, RD AF WANG, D BORMANN, FH LUGO, AE BOWDEN, RD TI COMPARISON OF NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN 5 TROPICAL TREE TAXA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PLANTATIONS; SOIL AB Casuarina equisetifolia, Albizia procera, Eucalyptus robusta and two varieties of Leucaena leucocephala (K8 and P.R.) were grown for 5.5 years in an experimental plantation in the Lajas Valley of Puerto Rico (18-degrees-N, 67-degrees-W). Rates of biomass accumulation were high, resulting in correspondingly high rates of nutrient accumulation in harvestable biomass. A comparison among species and among tissue types within species indicated that nutrient-use efficiency for N, P, K, Ca and Mg varied widely among species (ranging up to 10-fold differences) and tissues (up to 15-fold). With the highest growth rate, Casuarina was most efficient in using nutrients (N, P, K and Mg) to build biomass. With a quarter of Casuarina's growth rate, Leucaena K8 was the least efficient (N, K, Ca and Mg). For most of the studied nutrients, stem wood and large branches were the most nutrient-efficient tissue, followed by small branches, bark and then leaves. Nutrients stored in the litter layer below these species varied up to three-fold among species. Using a variety of species and biomass harvest scenarios, this study demonstrated the potential for significant alterations in the high rates of nutrient removal associated with short-rotation, intensively managed plantations. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPTL STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP WANG, D (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT SCI,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. NR 30 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90241-M PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GU713 UT WOS:A1991GU71300001 ER PT J AU BUFORD, MA AF BUFORD, MA TI PERFORMANCE OF 4 YIELD MODELS FOR PREDICTING STAND DYNAMICS OF A 30-YEAR-OLD LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) SPACING STUDY SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Observations in a 30-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing study indicate that closer planting densities support greater basal areas and volumes per unit area early in the life of a plantation, but lose that advantage to wider spacings over time. In comparisons between observed stand behavior at four spacings and that predicted by four growth and yield models, only one of the models predicted the observed behavior. Workers who wish to project growth of loblolly pine plantations should be aware of this stand behavior and include this criterion in evaluating candidate models. RP BUFORD, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPTL STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90242-N PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GU713 UT WOS:A1991GU71300002 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, DM BETTERS, DR AF DONNELLY, DM BETTERS, DR TI OPTIMAL-CONTROL FOR SCHEDULING FINAL HARVEST IN EVEN-AGED FOREST STANDS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Continuous optimal control theory (OCT) is one of several approaches that may be applied for scheduling harvests in even-aged forest stands. Although some theoretical mathematical development is available for the continuous approach, little is available on numerical solution. This paper develops the problem, shows derivation of the necessary conditions for identifying an optimum, and then applies these necessary conditions via numerical analysis techniques to derive solutions using personal computer spreadsheets. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST & WOOD SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP DONNELLY, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90248-T PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GU713 UT WOS:A1991GU71300008 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT THOMAS, CE AF SCHREUDER, HT THOMAS, CE TI ESTABLISHING CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS USING FOREST SURVEY DATA SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Discussion ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; TREE GROWTH; DECLINE; PINE; STANDS AB The issue of whether Forest Survey data can be used to establish cause-effect relationships is addressed. We discuss analogous situations in other fields of science, where survey data has been useful in establishing cause-effect, as well as some of the statistical theory developed expressly to deal with cause-effect. We conclude that cause-effect may be established, if both the potential cause and effect variables are measured in the Survey provided the variables are measured accurately, estimated properly, and are based on a large enough sample. Otherwise, Forest Survey data can be used, however, to establish growth trends for large areas, suggest and identify potential cause-effect hypotheses, and identify supplemental data sets to be collected to bolster or reject potential hypotheses. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1497 EP 1512 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GX088 UT WOS:A1991GX08800001 ER PT J AU STAGE, AR AF STAGE, AR TI ESTABLISHING CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS USING FOREST SURVEY DATA - COMMENT SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP STAGE, AR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1514 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GX088 UT WOS:A1991GX08800002 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT THOMAS, CE AF SCHREUDER, HT THOMAS, CE TI ESTABLISHING CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS USING FOREST SURVEY DATA - REPLY SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID SCALE C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1525 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GX088 UT WOS:A1991GX08800006 ER PT J AU LEININGER, TD MILLER, PR SCHILLING, SL DUNN, PH AF LEININGER, TD MILLER, PR SCHILLING, SL DUNN, PH TI SEEDLING RESPONSES OF 5 SPECIES OF WESTERN CONIFERS TO SIMULATED AMBIENT SULFUR-DIOXIDE EXPOSURES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PONDEROSA PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; WHITE FIR; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; SUB-ALPINE FIR AB Seedlings of ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, white fir, Engelmann spruce, and subalpine fir were exposed continuously to charcoal-filtered (CF) air or one of three levels of a simulated ambient exposure typical of SO2 pollution near smelters in the western United States. Seedlings were exposed during winter-spring experiments for 60 days to hourly means of 17, 38, and 54 ppb in 1988 and 35, 57, and 99 ppb in 1989. Sensitivities of species to SO2 were determined from height growth, diameter growth, root, stem, and needle weights, and from foliar injury. Ponderosa pine in all SO2 treatments in 1989 had decreased diameter growth and decreased needle weights compared with those in CF air. In 1989, average diameter growth of Douglas-fir in all SO2 treatments was less than those in CF air. Diameter growth and needle weights of ponderosa pine were correlated in all SO2 treatments and CF air. Diameter growth and needle weights of Douglas-fir were correlated in all SO2 treatments. Tip necrosis of needles occurred on a larger proportion of seedlings of all species in high SO2 than on those in CF air. Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir were about equally sensitive to SO2 and both were more sensitive than white fir. White fir was more sensitive to SO2 than Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir which were equally unresponsive to SO2. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP LEININGER, TD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST RANGE EXPT STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1538 EP 1549 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GX088 UT WOS:A1991GX08800008 ER PT J AU BROWN, JK REINHARDT, ED FISCHER, WC AF BROWN, JK REINHARDT, ED FISCHER, WC TI PREDICTING DUFF AND WOODY FUEL CONSUMPTION IN NORTHERN IDAHO PRESCRIBED FIRES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FIRE EFFECTS; LOGGING SLASH; FUEL MOISTURE AB Experimental burns were conducted on 36 plots in mixed conifer logging slash in northern Idaho to investigate consumption of duff and woody fuel. Fires were conducted in spring and fall, in YUM (yarded unmerchantable material) and non-YUM clearcuts and seed-tree cuts. Preburn duff depth averaged 3.8 cm and consisted of a shallow layer of decomposing litter, averaging 2 cm, interspersed with deep pockets of rotten wood averaging 13 cm. Preburn total woody fuel quantities ranged from 63 to 193 t/ha. Regression relationships between fuel consumption and fuel characteristics were developed. Duff depth reduction was related to preburn duff depth and to a lesser extent, duff moisture content. Percent duff consumption and mineral soil exposure were related negatively to duff moisture and positively to large fuel (diameter > 7.6 cm) diameter reduction. Diameter reduction of large fuel pieces was positively related to preburn diameter and negatively related to measured moisture content. Consumption of rotten material was greater than that of sound material. These relationships were compared to other empirical fuel consumption models and a theoretical model in predicting our fuel consumption. The relationships presented here can be used to predict duff and woody fuel consumption from prescribed burning in logging slash in the mixed conifer type of the northern Rocky Mountains. RP BROWN, JK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1566 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GX088 UT WOS:A1991GX08800009 ER PT J AU BACON, WL PROUDMAN, JA FOSTER, DN RENNER, PA AF BACON, WL PROUDMAN, JA FOSTER, DN RENNER, PA TI PATTERN OF SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN THE SEXUALLY MATURE MALE TURKEY SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY CELLS; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; JAPANESE QUAIL; DOMESTIC-FOWL; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; RHESUS MACAQUES; GROWTH-HORMONE; LAYING HENS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BACON, WL (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT POULTRY SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 3 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90094-M PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GR399 UT WOS:A1991GR39900016 PM 1808026 ER PT J AU BITTEL, DC HUEROS, G JOUVE, N GUSTAFSON, JP AF BITTEL, DC HUEROS, G JOUVE, N GUSTAFSON, JP TI CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF SEED STORAGE PROTEIN GENES EFFECTED BY CHROMOSOME 1D OF WHEAT SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE EXPRESSION; SUPPRESSION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; ENDOSPERM PROTEINS; SUPPRESSION AB The effect of chromosome 1D of wheat on expression of seed storage protein genes was analyzed using a 1R(1D) substitution line and derivatives of this line that had lost 1R (1D nullisomic). The results of one- and two-dimensional (two pH) electrophoresis suggested that nucleotide sequences located on 1D were involved in induction and suppression of these protein genes and in posttranscriptional modification of polypeptides produced by the seed storage protein genes. The action attributed to 1D appeared to affect only genes located on chromosome 6A. C1 UNIV ALCALA DE HENARES,DEPT BIOL CELULAR & GENET,E-28871 ALCALA DE HENARES,SPAIN. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65203. RP BITTEL, DC (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,208 CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI Jouve, Nicolas/F-1274-2016 OI Jouve, Nicolas/0000-0003-0348-0268 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 845 EP 848 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA GW201 UT WOS:A1991GW20100001 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC AF JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC TI CYTOGENETICS OF ELYMUS-CAUCASICUS AND ELYMUS-LONGEARISTATUS (POACEAE, TRITICEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENOME; MEIOSIS; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; MORPHOLOGY; HYBRID; TRITICEAE ID DENTATUS SSP UGAMICUS; PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; F1 HYBRIDS; CYTOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; VIOLACEUM; TAXONOMY; HORDEUM AB Two accessions of Elymus caucasicus (Koch) Tzvelev and three accessions of Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev were studied to determine the meiotic behavior and chromosome pairing in the two taxa, their interspecific hybrid, and their hybrids with various "analyzer" parents. Interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of the target taxa were obtained with the following analyzer species: Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love (2n = 14, SS), Pseudoroegneria libanotica (Hackel) D. R. Dewey (2n = 14, SS), Hordeum violaceum Boiss. & Hohenacker (2n = 14, HH) (= Critesion violaceum (Boiss. & Hohenacker) A. Love), Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & Smith) Gould (2n = 28, SSHH), Elymus abolinii (Drob.) Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), Elymus pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), Elymus fedtschenkoi Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), Elymus panormitanus (Parl.) Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), and Elymus drobovii (Nevski) Tzvelev (2n = 42, SSHHYY). Cytological analysis of their F1 hybrids showed that E. caucasicus and E. longearistatus were allotetraploids comprising the same basic genomes. Chromosome pairing in the E. caucasicus x P. libanotica hybrid demonstrated that the target taxa contained the S genome, based on 6.1 bivalents per cell. The lack of chromosome pairing, less than one bivalent per cell, in the E. longearistatus x H. violaceum hybrid showed that the H genome was absent. Increased pairing in the tetraploid and pentaploid hybrids when the Y genome was introduced indicated that the second genome in the two taxa was a segmental homolog of the Y genome. The S and Y genomes in E. caucasicus and E. longearistatus have diverged from each other and from those in many of the eastern and central Asian SY tetraploids. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 860 EP 867 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA GW201 UT WOS:A1991GW20100004 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL AF BURSON, BL TI HOMOLOGY OF CHROMOSOMES OF THE X GENOMES IN COMMON AND URUGUAYAN DALLISGRASS, PASPALUM-DILATATUM SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MEIOSIS; INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; GENOME RELATIONS; APOMIXIS AB Two biotypes of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., designated common and Uruguayan, have chromosome numbers and genome formulas of 2n = 5x = 50 (IIJJX) and 2n = 6x = 60 (IIJJXX), respectively. The relationship between the X genomes in these two biotypes is unknown, and each was arbitrarily assigned the letter X to designate an unknown genome. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the X genomes in these two biotypes. Because both biotypes are apomicts and cannot be crossed, a sexual intraspecific F1 hybrid (2n = 45) between sexual yellow-anthered (2n = 4x = 40; IIJJ) and common dallisgrass biotypes was crossed with Uruguayan dallisgrass. This F1 hybrid has complete sets of the I and J genomes but only 5 of the 10 chromosomes of the X genome from common dallisgrass. Two hybrids were recovered. One had 52 and the other had 53 chromosomes, which associated at metaphase I as 22 bivalents + 8 univalents and 23 bivalents + 7 univalents, respectively. Twenty bivalents represent pairing of members of the I and J genomes, and those in excess of 20 represent pairing between members of the two X genomes. The remaining members of the X genome from the Uruguayan biotype were present as univalents at metaphase I. This demonstrates that those chromosomes of the X genome from the common biotype that were present are homologous to members of the X genome of the Uruguayan biotype. Both hybrids are aposporous facultative apomicts with some sterility. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 950 EP 953 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA GW201 UT WOS:A1991GW20100018 ER PT J AU LILJA, C MARKS, HL AF LILJA, C MARKS, HL TI CHANGES IN ORGAN GROWTH-PATTERN ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM SELECTION FOR HIGH GROWTH-RATE IN QUAIL SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE QUAIL; EMBRYO; GROWTH RATE; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; SELECTION ID BODY-WEIGHT; JAPANESE QUAIL; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; CHICKENS; LINES; BIRDS AB Data are presented on the pattern of organ growth in embryos from a line of Japanese quail selected for high growth rate and compared with those from a non-selected control line. The data reveal that the increased growth rate post hatching is accompanied by a more rapid early development of the digestive organs. It appears from these results that the "genes for" growth rate are the "genes for" early growth of the digestive organs. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SEPRL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP LILJA, C (reprint author), SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD WIN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA HE219 UT WOS:A1991HE21900001 PM 1813440 ER PT J AU LANDUCCI, LL AF LANDUCCI, LL TI APPLICATION OF MODERN LIQUID-STATE NMR TO LIGNIN CHARACTERIZATION .2. C-13 SIGNAL RESOLUTION AND USEFUL TECHNIQUES SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE C-13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; POWER SPECTRA; LIGNIN; ACETYLATED LIGNIN; LORENTZIAN GAUSSIAN; MILLED WOOD LIGNIN; BLEEP ID BEECH LIGNIN; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCEMENT AB Factors important in obtaining optimum resolution in lignin C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, such as resolution enhancement, solvent, and temperature, are described. With the common lignin solvent, DMSO-d6, a considerable loss in resolution occurs as a result of increased viscosity. This loss was regained by elevating the probe temperature from ambient to 50-degrees-C to 90-degrees-C. Signal overlap in C-13 NMR spectra of lignins was not decreased at field strengths greater than 250 MHz (62.9 MHz carbon), because the greater chemical shift dispersion at higher field strengths was offset by decreased resolution, as a result of polymer relaxation effects. A convenient technique for differentiating chemical shifts of low-molecular-weight components from the signals of the lignin polymer is described. RP LANDUCCI, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 6 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.6.425 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GX578 UT WOS:A1991GX57800007 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, W RUSSO, V AF ROBERTS, W RUSSO, V TI TIME OF FLOODING AND CULTIVAR AFFECT SWEET-POTATO YIELD SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA-BATATAS; WATER-LOGGING ID SWEET-POTATOES AB The sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars Jewel, Shore Gold, and Cordner, and the breeding line W241 were either 1) not flooded, 2) flooded for 5 days during midseason, or 3) flooded for 5 days just before harvest. Flooding just before harvest did not affect marketable yield, but flooding at midseason reduced marketable yield by 36% in 1989 and by 53% in 1990 and reduced the No. 1 grade yield by 46% in 1989 and by 57% in 1990. Marketable yield of 'Jewel' was higher than that of 'Cordner in 1989, and that of 'Shore Gold' exceeded that of 'Jewel' in 1990. There were no interactions between flooding treatments and cultivars. C1 USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555. RP ROBERTS, W (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,WES WATKINS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,BOX 128,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1473 EP 1474 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000010 ER PT J AU MALIK, H ARCHBOLD, DD MACKOWN, CT AF MALIK, H ARCHBOLD, DD MACKOWN, CT TI NITROGEN PARTITIONING BY CHESTER THORNLESS BLACKBERRY IN POT CULTURE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN ISOTOPE; NUTRITION; RUBUS ID YIELD AB Partitioning patterns of fertilizer N in container-grown 'Chester Thornless' blackberry (Rubus spp.) were determined over two growing seasons following application of (NH4NO3)-N-15-N-15. The roots and primocane tissues comprised the majority of the plant biomass each year. The N concentrations of primocane and floricane leaves were lower in 1988 than 1989, but were higher than in any other tissues each year. Foliar N values were followed by those for fruit, roots, and canes. As determined by isotope partitioning ratios, primocane cane, leaf, and fruit N-15 enrichment from fertilizer N was higher than in other tissues in 1988. In 1989, when only stored N-15 was available, the floricane was the most enriched, followed by the fruit and roots. Thus, newly acquired N was allocated to primocane tissues, fruit, and roots. Stored fertilizer N was allocated to all tissues from the roots and floricanes, but a significant amount remained in the floricanes. After two seasons, the plants retained only 27% of the total fertilizer N initially acquired. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP MALIK, H (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1492 EP 1494 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000017 ER PT J AU UYEMOTO, JK KIRKPATRICK, BC CUMMINS, JN AF UYEMOTO, JK KIRKPATRICK, BC CUMMINS, JN TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SELECTED CHERRY CLONES AND RELATED SPECIES TO WESTERN X-DISEASE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-DISEASE MYCOPLASMA; PRUNUS SPP; ROOTSTOCK SCREENING AB Prunus species, advanced rootstock selections, and named cherry cultivars and rootstocks were bud-inoculated with the Western X-disease mycoplasma-like organism (X-MLO) and evaluated for host responses. Most accessions inoculated were susceptible to the X-MLO. Individuals from the species P. mahaleb L., P. mackii Rupr., P. serotina J.F. Ehrh., P. serrulata Lindl., and P. subhirtella Miq. did not become infected with the X-MLO despite being grafted on infected rootstocks. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP UYEMOTO, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1510 EP 1511 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000025 ER PT J AU FORNEY, CF RIJ, RE DENISARRUE, R SMILANICK, JL AF FORNEY, CF RIJ, RE DENISARRUE, R SMILANICK, JL TI VAPOR-PHASE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE INHIBITS POSTHARVEST DECAY OF TABLE GRAPES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PACKAGING; FLUSH; VITIS-VINIFERA; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA ID RESISTANCE; SPORES AB The potential use of vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) to prevent decay caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. in table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) was investigated. 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Red Globe' grapes, inoculated with Botrytis cinerea spores, were placed in polyethylene bags and flushed for 10 minutes with VPHP generated from a 30% to 35% solution of liquid hydrogen peroxide at 40C. Immediately after treatment, bags were sealed and held at 10C. Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the number of germinable Botrytis spores on grapes. The number of germinable spores on 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Red Globe' grapes had been reduced 81% and 62%, respectively, 24 hours following treatment. The incidence of decay on inoculated 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Red Globe' grapes was reduced 33% and 16%, respectively, after 8 days of storage at 1OC compared with control fruit. Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide reduced the decay of noninoculated 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Red Globe' grapes 73% and 28%, respectively, after 12 days of storage at 10C. Treatment with VPHP did not affect grape color or soluble solids content. RP FORNEY, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1512 EP 1514 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000026 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RJ AF KNIGHT, RJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF TETRAPLOID HYBRID PASSION-FRUIT CLONES WITH POTENTIAL FOR THE NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PASSIFLORA-EDULIS; P-INCARNATA; P-INCARNATA X P-EDULIS; POLYPLOIDY; COLCHICINE; FERTILITY AB When Passiflora incarnata L. was crossed with P. edulis f. flavicarpa Degener, all plants of the diploid hybrid were pollen-sterile and nonfruitful. Doubling the chromosome number of emergent F1 seedlings with colchicine restored fertility in some individuals, but all plants were strongly self-incompatible and many showed low pollen viability. Crossing colchicine-treated plants that had been converted to amphiploids produced a tetraploid hybrid group of four seedling progenies that had some degrees of cross-compatibility. Juice of the amphiploid hybrid is lighter in color than that of P. edulis, but is sweet, strongly aromatic, and may have use alone or, typically, as a blend with other juices. RP KNIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1543 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000037 ER PT J AU SCHALK, JM DUKES, PD JONES, A JARRET, RL AF SCHALK, JM DUKES, PD JONES, A JARRET, RL TI EVALUATION OF SWEET-POTATO CLONES FOR SOIL INSECT DAMAGE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA-BATATAS; PLANT INTRODUCTION; QUARANTINE; ACCESSIONS; INSECT RESISTANCE ID SWEET-POTATO; RESISTANCE AB The reactions of eight sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] introductions were categorized for root damage by wireworms, Diabrotica sp., Systena sp. (WDS), sweetpotato flea beetle (SPFB), and grubs. Clones were compared with resistant ('Regal') and susceptible ('SC-1149-19') entries. The number of resistant clones for the WDS, SPFB, and grubs were three, four, and one, respectively, intermediate five, four, and one, and susceptible zero, zero, and six, respectively. This test demonstrated that significant levels of soil insect resistance exist in these sweetpotato introductions for use by plant breeders. C1 USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP SCHALK, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1548 EP 1549 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000040 ER PT J AU WOLFF, XY AF WOLFF, XY TI SPECIES, CULTIVAR, AND SOIL AMENDMENTS INFLUENCE FRUIT PRODUCTION OF 2 PHYSALIS SPECIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHYSALIS-PERUVIANA; CAPE GOOSEBERRY; GOLDENBERRY; P-PRUINOSA; GROUND CHERRY; ORGANIC FERTILIZERS; FRUIT QUALITY AB Four cultivars each of Physalis peruviana L. and P. pruinosa L. were field-grown in one season in Baton Rouge, La., to determine optimal species, cultivars, and soil amendments for local production. Soil amendments were inorganic N-P-K fertilizer, 50 t rabbit manure/ha, 25 t chicken manure/ha, or any of these treatments plus peatmoss. All cultivars tested produced vegetative growth, but only P. pruinosa cultivars flowered and fruited. Total marketable yields, percent total soluble solids (TSS), juice pH, and total titratable acid were similar for all P. pruinosa cultivars tested. Fruit yields averaged 4.4 t.ha-1; TSS, pH, and acid averaged 11.6%, 4.71, and 0.73%, respectively. Plants receiving rabbit manure produced significantly higher marketable yields than those receiving rabbit manure with peatmoss or chicken manure with or without peatmoss. Soil amendment had no effect on fruit quality. C1 SOUTHERN UNIV,USDA ARS,CTR SMALL FARM RES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70813. A&M COLL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70813. RP WOLFF, XY (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 25071,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1558 EP 1559 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU860 UT WOS:A1991GU86000045 ER PT J AU BERG, N OSTERHUBER, R BERGMAN, J AF BERG, N OSTERHUBER, R BERGMAN, J TI RAIN-INDUCED OUTFLOW FROM DEEP SNOWPACKS IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article AB In many mountainous areas of the Pacific coast of North America, rainfall onto snowpacks causes massive floods, probably the single greatest cause of changes in channel morphology and lotic habitats, To understand and model this hydrometeorological phenomenon better, process-response hypotheses were developed for snowpack outflow amount, duration and rate and the time lags from the beginning of rainfall to initial and peak outflow. The hypotheses were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses based on measurements of 20 rain-on-snow events monitored between 1984 and 1990 at forested and open plots near Lake Tahoe, California. Outflow amount correlated significantly with precipitation amount, duration and rate, snow depth and melt potential. Many of these variables also correlated significantly with outflow duration and rate and lag time to peak outflow. Regression models explained 80-90% of the variation in outflow amount and duration. Significant differences were not identified between the forest and open plots for any of the outflow attributes. RP BERG, N (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 6 BP 611 EP 629 DI 10.1080/02626669109492547 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA GT364 UT WOS:A1991GT36400007 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO AF NELSON, SO TI PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF GRANULAR FOOD-PRODUCTS SUITABLE FOR COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS OF MICROWAVE COOKING PROCESSES - COMMENT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Letter ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CEREAL-GRAINS; DEPENDENCE; FREQUENCY; MOISTURE; SOYBEANS; RICE; CORN RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1048 EP 1049 DI 10.1109/19.119793 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA HF317 UT WOS:A1991HF31700034 ER PT J AU SZCZAWINSKA, ME THAYER, DW PHILLIPS, JG AF SZCZAWINSKA, ME THAYER, DW PHILLIPS, JG TI FATE OF UNIRRADIATED SALMONELLA IN IRRADIATED MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; RADIATION; SALMONELLA; STORAGE TIME; TEMPERATURE ABUSE ID POULTRY MEAT; GAMMA-RADIATION; FOODS; DECONTAMINATION; MICROFLORA; CARCASSES; STORAGE; QUALITY AB Mechanically deboned chicken meat was irradiated at 0, 1.25 and 2.50 kGy (Cesium 137) and inoculated with Salmonella dublin ATCC 15480, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 9186 or Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. Samples were then stored at 5-degrees-C and 10-degrees-C and were subjected to microbiological analysis directly after irradiation and inoculation (time 0), and after 24, 72, 120, 168 and 216 h of storage. Samples stored at 20-degrees-C were examined at time 0 and after 6, 12 and 24 h of storage. Irradiation at 1.25 and 2.50 kGy caused an average reduction in bacterial levels of 2.23 and 3.44 logs, respectively. S. dublin, S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium showed very small, insignificant changes in numbers, during storage of meat for 9 days at 5-degrees-C. The final populations of S. dublin and S. typhimurium in samples irradiated before inoculation and stored at 10-degrees-C or 20-degrees-C were greater than the equivalent populations in samples which had not been irradiated before inoculation. Reduction of indigenous microflora in mechanically deboned chicken meat by irradiation may create better conditions for the growth of salmonellae and may thus increase the risk of salmonellosis when accidental contamination and temperature abuse occur after a radiation treatment. Therefore, irradiated mechanically deboned chicken meat should be properly refrigerated and protected against contamination. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. AGR UNIV WARSAW,FAC VET SCI,DEPT FOOD HYG,PL-02528 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(91)90123-7 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA GX890 UT WOS:A1991GX89000008 PM 1790108 ER PT J AU MAUSEL, PW KARASKA, MA MAO, CY ESCOBAR, DE EVERITT, JH AF MAUSEL, PW KARASKA, MA MAO, CY ESCOBAR, DE EVERITT, JH TI INSIGHTS INTO SECCHI TRANSPARENCY THROUGH COMPUTER-ANALYSIS OF AERIAL MULTISPECTRAL VIDEO DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT AB Three bands of multispectral video imagery (0.543-0.552-mu-m, 0.644-0.656-mu-m, 0.815-0.827-mu-m) were acquired from nine lakes in Vigo County, Indiana on 18 May 1988 using a multispectral video system. Eleven different scenes covering the nine lakes were digitized and used in computer-assisted analysis of secchi transparency. Individual band data and a yellow-green/red ratio band were correlated with secchi disc measurements taken concurrently with aerial video acquisition. The significant correlations (0.05 level) between the video data and secchi disc depths, were - 0.83 and - 0.91 for the red band (original and log) and 0.93 and 0.84 for the yellow-green/red ratio (original and log). C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP MAUSEL, PW (reprint author), INDIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG & GEOL,REMOTE SENSING LAB,TERRE HAUTE,IN 47809, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2485 EP 2492 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GU712 UT WOS:A1991GU71200004 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ HAKIM, RS AF LOEB, MJ HAKIM, RS TI DEVELOPMENT OF GENITAL IMAGINAL DISKS OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS CULTURE INVITRO WITH 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE AND FAT-BODY OR TESTIS SHEATHS SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; ECDYSTEROIDS; ECDYSONE; GROWTH; DISKS AB Genital imaginal discs were dissected from Heliothis virescens pupae just after diapause break and cultured in vitro. The discs continued to grow and differentiate when maintained in media containing sufficiently high titers of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) and co-cultured fat body or testis sheath tissue, or extract of fat body previously exposed to 20HE in vitro. Continuous changes were observed for approximately 30 days. Other tissues provided only temporary (5-8 day) developmental support. Genetal discs did not develop in the absence of 20 HE. Discs co-cultured with fat body in 20 HE medium synthesized more protein and DNA than discs co-cultured with fat body but without 20 HE. Fat body and testis sheath tissue, cultured with sufficient titers of 20 HE, produced factors essential to the development of genital imaginal discs of H. virescens. C1 HOWARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1080/07924259.1991.9672198 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA HL591 UT WOS:A1991HL59100002 ER PT J AU SMITH, M SULLIVAN, C GOODMAN, N AF SMITH, M SULLIVAN, C GOODMAN, N TI REACTIVITY OF MILK CHOLESTEROL WITH BACTERIAL CHOLESTEROL OXIDASES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; EQUI NO 23; RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI; BUTTER OIL; EGG-YOLK; DEGRADATION; MEMBRANE; BIOSYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; EXTRACTION AB We tested three bacterial cholesterol oxidases on cholesterol in milk and milk fractions to probe cholesterol reactivity. Pseudomonas fluorescens cholesterol oxidase oxidized cholesterol rapidly in homogenized/pasteurized milk or sonicated raw milk but catalyzed cholesterol oxidation only slowly in intact raw milk. Pasteurization had little influence on oxidation rates. Oxidases from Streptomyces and Rhodococcus species were significantly less active in milk than the Pseudomonas enzyme. The Pseudomonas oxidase oxidized cholesterol in all raw milk fractions tested, providing the fractions were first disrupted by sonication or treatment with lipase. Cholesterol oxidation in homogenized milk depended on temperature and enzyme concentration. A maximum of 85% of the initial whole milk cholesterol (initially 100-138-mu-g/mL) was oxidized in 96 h, giving final cholesterol concentrations of 20-30-mu-g/mL. Sonicated skim milk cholesterol concentrations (initially 17-20-mu-g/mL) were reduced to 4-6-mu-g/mL. RP SMITH, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2158 EP 2162 DI 10.1021/jf00012a011 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GW094 UT WOS:A1991GW09400011 ER PT J AU PARRIS, N PURCELL, JM PTASHKIN, SM AF PARRIS, N PURCELL, JM PTASHKIN, SM TI THERMAL-DENATURATION OF WHEY PROTEINS IN SKIM MILK SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; SPECTRA; BINDING; PH AB Heat-induced denaturation of whey proteins, analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC, indicated that denaturation proceeds in two stages. The first stage of denaturation proceeds less rapidly than the second stage. Aggregation of whey proteins begins at about 70-degrees-C, and more aggregation was found to occur in sweet whey than in acid whey. The dimer of beta-LG and the beta-LG-alpha-LA complex were found to form preferentially in heated acid whey. Comparison of the second derivative Fourier transform infrared spectra of reconstituted skim milk and high-heat nonfat dry milk (NDM) powder (85-degrees-C) showed that heat treatment results in formation of two new bands (1684 and 1613 cm-1) in the amide I region at frequencies usually associated with intermolecularly hydrogen bonded-beta-sheets. The bands were smaller in sweet whey, compared with acid whey; difference spectra indicated that beta-LG was primarily responsible for the formation of heat-induced hydrogen bonding. RP PARRIS, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2167 EP 2170 DI 10.1021/jf00012a013 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GW094 UT WOS:A1991GW09400013 ER PT J AU FORNEY, CF MATTHEIS, JP AUSTIN, RK AF FORNEY, CF MATTHEIS, JP AUSTIN, RK TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY BROCCOLI UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; METHANETHIOL; CAULIFLOWER; BRASSICA AB Severe off-odors are produced by broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) when it is held under anaerobic conditions, which can develop in modified atmosphere packages. The compounds responsible for these off-odors, which render the broccoli unmarketable, were collected using headspace sampling and identified using GC-FPD and GC-MS. Broccoli florets were held in sealed jars at 15 or 20-degrees-C in which the O2 Concentration dropped to around 0.5%. Volatile compounds detected were identified as ethanol, methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide, ethyl acetate, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, and acetone. Methanethiol was one of the first compounds formed under anaerobic conditions and appears to be primarily responsible for the objectionable odor. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP FORNEY, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. OI Forney, Charles/0000-0002-7846-8485 NR 23 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2257 EP 2259 DI 10.1021/jf00012a032 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GW094 UT WOS:A1991GW09400032 ER PT J AU OLNESS, A BENOIT, GR VANSICKLE, K RINKE, J AF OLNESS, A BENOIT, GR VANSICKLE, K RINKE, J TI EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE AND THERMAL-ENERGY INTENSITY ON RATE OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ACCUMULATION BY MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; CARBON; IRRIGATION; TASSELING; SILKING; CLAY LOAM ID RESIDUE-COVERED SOILS; PREDICTING TEMPERATURES; NITROGEN ACCUMULATION; CORN; TILLAGE; AMMONIUM; BARE; TIME AB The effect of planting date and thermal energy intensity (TEI) on the rate of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulation by maize from a Hamerly clay loam soil (Aeric Calciaquoll) was examined with and without supplemental irrigation. Soil- and air-TEI expressed as growing degree days per day (GDD d-1) were determined from hourly temperature measurements taken within each plot. Net K accumulation occurred during the vegetative growth stage, reached maximal rates of about 62.2 to 91.4 mg plant-1 day-1, and attained maximal accumulations ranging from about 1. 1 5 to 2.3 g plant-1. Accumulation of P occurred during vegetative and reproductive growth stages, reached maximal rates of about 4.6 to 10.3 mg and 6.5 to 12.1 mg plant-1 day-1, respectively and maximal accumulations of 0.175 to 0.27 g and 0.11 to 0.26 g plant-1, respectively. During vegetative growth, K and nitrogen (N) accumulation characteristics were closely correlated with about 2 moles of N accumulated per mole of K. Maximal accumulation of K (and N) consistently preceded that of P by about 5.2 to 8.3 days and that of the plant dry weight by about 15.9 to 20.5 days during the vegetative growth stage. Time required to reach maximal accumulation during the reproductive growth stage, tau(r) followed the order N < P < dry weight for early plantings and followed the order N is-approximately-equal-to P < dry weight for delayed plantings. Time coefficients for K and P accumulation were correlated closely with soil-TEI, but models of each coefficient relied on unique combinations of TEI. Time coefficients for dry matter accumulation were apparently unrelated to soil- or air-TEI. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MORRIS,MN 56267. RP OLNESS, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MWA,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD DEC PY 1991 VL 167 IS 5 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00962.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU266 UT WOS:A1991GU26600004 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, MK FIELD, RA RILEY, ML CROUSE, JD BAILEY, DG AF ANDERSEN, MK FIELD, RA RILEY, ML CROUSE, JD BAILEY, DG TI FACTORS INFLUENCING DIFFICULTY OF REMOVING PELTS FROM LAMB CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; AGE; SEX; PELTS; HIDES AND SKINS; LEATHER INDUSTRY ID INTRAMUSCULAR COLLAGEN; SERUM HYDROXYPROLINE; MUSCLE GROWTH; TESTOSTERONE; WETHERS; RAMS; SEX AB Forty-eight Suffolk x white-faced ram and wether lambs approximately 5, 7, or 9 mo of age were slaughtered to evaluate the effects of age and gender on difficulty of pelt removal, pelt damage, and leg damage. A commercial belt-type pelt puller and a scale that recorded force required to remove the pelt from the thickest part of the legs was used as lambs hung suspended from their front legs. Rams required more force (P < .05) to remove the pelt than wethers, and the difference between genders became larger as age increased. Neither pelt damage due to grain crack nor leg damage judged by amount of fell and fat removed by the pelt puller changed with age. Rams possessed thicker pelts (P < .05) than wethers; this plus a greater amount of collagen crosslinking in ram skins could be responsible for the slightly smaller amount of grain crack observed in ram pelts. Factors involved in difficulty of pelt removal in ram lambs included age, splenius weight, and overall maturity. Difficulty of pelt removal in wether lambs was best predicted by including age and splenius weight in the model. These data tend to support packers' common practice of discounting rams over 5 mo of age because rams develop masculine characteristics and become harder to dress with increasing age. C1 ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP ANDERSEN, MK (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4690 EP 4695 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100004 PM 1808165 ER PT J AU ERCANBRACK, SK KNIGHT, AD AF ERCANBRACK, SK KNIGHT, AD TI EFFECTS OF INBREEDING ON REPRODUCTION AND WOOL PRODUCTION OF RAMBOUILLET, TARGHEE, AND COLUMBIA EWES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP, INBREEDING; REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY; LAMB PRODUCTION; WOOL PRODUCTION; SELECTION DIFFERENTIAL ID PERFORMANCE; FERTILITY; HEREFORD; CATTLE; GROWTH AB Because of a traditional interest in inbreeding as a tool for breed improvement, it was desirable to evaluate the effects of inbreeding on the most important products of the sheep industry, lamb and wool production. The data for this study were based on 13,807 ewe and 16,470 lamb records from Rambouillet (R), Targhee (T), and Columbia (C) sheep collected over 9 or 10 yr from 54 inbred lines. Average inbreeding of the lambs and ewes involved was near 25 and 20%, respectively. The combined effects of lamb's and dam's inbreeding reduced litter weight weaned at 120 d approximately .5 kg for each percentage of increase in inbreeding in every breed. For ewes and lambs of average inbreeding, the reductions relative to noninbred ewes amounted to 12.4, 10.3, and 11.3 kg for R, T, and C, respectively. The reductions constituted declines in weight weaned per ewe of 34, 25, and 28%. Similarly, net reproduction rate (lambs weaned per ewes put into breeding) was reduced more than one percentage point for each percentage of increase in inbreeding, with net declines at average inbreeding of 31.7, 23.5, and 25.7 percentage points for each breed, respectively. These reductions were equivalent to reductions in net rate of 29, 20, and 23%. The combined effect of lamb and dam inbreeding reduced weaning weight by 3.5, 2.6, and 2.2 kg, which constituted reductions of 10, 7, and 6%, respectively. Reduced weaning weight was approximately 30% as important as reduced net reproduction rate in contributing to the decline in litter weight weaned. Effects on fleece weight were curvilinear and amounted to reductions of .35, .18, and .00 kg, respectively, at levels of average inbreeding; however, Columbia fleece weights declined rapidly at levels exceeding 20% for ewes. Potential selection differentials were reduced 16% at inbreeding levels of 25 and 20% for lambs and dams, respectively, and 62% at levels of 55 and 50%. The average economic loss per ewe in value of production was estimated at $17 for average inbreeding and as high as $36 for inbreeding approaching 50%. It seems that the use of inbreeding as a tool for improving productive merit in sheep is much more certain to be a detriment, economically and genetically, than an advantage. C1 UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP ERCANBRACK, SK (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SHEEP EXP STA,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4734 EP 4744 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100010 PM 1808170 ER PT J AU NOTTER, DR CUNDIFF, LV AF NOTTER, DR CUNDIFF, LV TI ACROSS-BREED EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCES - USE OF WITHIN-BREED EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCES TO ADJUST BREED EVALUATIONS FOR SIRE SAMPLING AND GENETIC TREND SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; BREEDS; SELECTION; GENETIC TREND; CROSSBREEDING; EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCE ID POST-WEANING GROWTH; CATTLE-CYCLE-III; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; POSTWEANING GROWTH; FEED-EFFICIENCY; BEEF-CATTLE; PREWEANING GROWTH; MILK-PRODUCTION; YOUNG COWS; TRAITS AB Data on 2,034 F1 calves sired by Angus, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Charolais, Limousin, Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Tarentaise bulls with Hereford or Angus dams and data on 3,686 three-breed-cross calves with 700 F1 dams of the same breed crosses were used for this study. Traits analyzed were birth, weaning, yearling, and 420-d weights (BWT, WW, YW, and W420, respectively) of F1 calves and WW of three-breed-cross calves. Expected progeny differences from national cattle evaluation programs for sires of F1 calves and cows for BWT, WW, YW, and net maternal ability (milk) were used to assess their value in prediction of crossbred performance. Regressions of actual F1 calf performance on sire EPD were positive for BWT (1.09 +/- .12 kg/kg of BWT EPD), WW (.79 +/- .14 kg/kg of WW EPD), YW (1.44 +/- .16 kg/kg of YW EPD), and W420 (1.66 kg/kg of YW EPD). These regression coefficients were similar to the expected value of 1.0 for BWT and WW but were larger than expected for YW and W420. Regressions of actual three-breed-cross calf WW on milk and WW EPD of their maternal grandsires were .95 +/- .14 and .42 +/- .10 kg/kg, respectively, and differed little from their expectations of 1.0 and .5, respectively. Observed breed of sire means for each trait were adjusted for sire sampling by using EPD regressions to adjust them to the average EPD of all sires of each breed born in 1970. Sampling effects were generally small. Observed means were adjusted for effects of subsequent within-breed genetic trends by adjusting to the mean of all 1984-born sires of each breed. Genetic trends in calf traits differed among breeds for all traits. The range in breed means was reduced from 1970 to 1984 by 34% for BW, 35% for WW, and 46% for YW, primarily in association with large positive genetic trends in the Angus, Hereford, and Polled Hereford. Genetic trends in milk EPD were small in all breeds except the Hereford (positive) and Gelbvieh (negative). The range in breed net maternal effects declined by 7% from 1970 to 1984. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP NOTTER, DR (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4763 EP 4776 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100013 PM 1808173 ER PT J AU NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG AF NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG TI EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE LAMB PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, TERMINAL SIRE BREED, AND MATERNAL LINE ON EWE PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; SYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; FINNSHEEP; SIRES; WEANING WEIGHT ID LANDRACE CROSSBRED EWES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; CHEVIOT BREEDS; COLUMBIA DAMS; FINNSHEEP; SHEEP; SUFFOLK; DORSET; FERTILITY; SURVIVAL AB The 4 yr productivity of 25% (QF; n = 533) and 50% (HF; n = 531) Finnsheep ewes exposed to either Suffolk or Columbia rams in one of three production systems was monitored to test the effects of system, terminal sire breed, maternal line, and their interactions on annual market lamb production. Ewe lambs and yearlings were randomly assigned to either a high-input accelerated lambing system (HIGH), a high-input annual system (MED), or a low-input annual system (LOW). Nursery facilities were available for weak lambs or those born in triplet or more births for the HIGH and MED but not for the LOW systems. Accelerated lambing protocol required early weaning. Sex-adjusted lamb weaning weights were corrected to within-system mean ages of 42 d for HIGH and 70 d for MED and LOW. The HIGH ewes weaned 1.55 lambs per year compared with 1.46 for MED and 1.18 for LOW (P < .01). However, because of early weaning, HIGH yielded the lowest weight of weaned lamb per year. The MED ewes weaned 5.9 and 11.1 more kilograms of lamb per year than the LOW and HIGH ewes, respectively (P < .01). The HIGH system may be economically feasible if young lambs could be inexpensively grown to feeder or market lamb weight. The HIGH ewes did not, however, increase lamb numbers in proportion to increased exposures compared with the annual systems. Breed-group effects for ewe productivity (kilogram of lamb weaned per ewe per year) were consistent across management systems, although some interactions among breed group and system were present for components of productivity. Suffolk rams yielded an advantage of 1.6 kg of weaned lamb per exposure over Columbia rams (P < .05) due to a 3% better lamb survival (P < .01) and heavier weaning weight, especially in the LOW system. The HF ewes weaned .1 more lambs per exposure than QF ewes (P < .01); .06 of the lambs were nursery-reared. However, lambs from HF ewes had a 2% lower survival rate (P < .05) and were 1.4 kg lighter at weaning (P < .01), so overall productivity among HF and QF ewes was similar. RP NUGENT, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4777 EP 4792 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100014 PM 1808174 ER PT J AU YEN, JT NIENABER, JA KLINDT, J CROUSE, JD AF YEN, JT NIENABER, JA KLINDT, J CROUSE, JD TI EFFECT OF RACTOPAMINE ON GROWTH, CARCASS TRAITS, AND FASTING HEAT-PRODUCTION OF UNITED-STATES CONTEMPORARY CROSSBRED AND CHINESE MEISHAN PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; RACTOPAMINE; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; GROWTH; CARCASS QUALITY ID GENETICALLY-OBESE; LEAN PIGS; SWINE AB Twenty-four U.S. crossbred (Duroc x White composite; D x Wc; 83.9 kg), 24 purebred Meishan (M; 59.4 kg), and 24 Meishan x White composite crossbred (M x Wc; 83.4 kg) barrows were allotted within genotype to a 16% CP corn-soybean meal diet or this basal diet + 20 ppm of ractopamine and allowed ad libitum access to feed for 52 d. No genotype x ractopamine interactions were detected (P > .05) in pigs for growth, lean cuts, ham and loin characteristics, leaf fat and visceral organ weights, fasting whole-animal heat production, and carcass traits except longissimus muscle area (LMA). The LMA was increased by ractopamine in D x Wc and M x Wc pigs (P < .05) but not in M pigs. Compared with D x Wc and M x Wc pigs, M pigs had lower ADG, ADFI, and gain to feed ratio (G/F), shorter carcasses, and lower dressing percentage, LMA, predicted amount of muscle, weights of trimmed picnic, loin, and ham cuts, percentage of ham lean, and CP in ham lean, but heavier liver, kidneys, pancreas, and entire gastrointestinal tract with greater percentage of ham fat and ham bone (P < .05). The M x Wc pigs had lower ADG, G/F, dressing percentage, LMA, amount of muscle, weights of trimmed cuts, and percentage of ham lean but heavier lungs, pancreas, stomach, and large intestine than did D x Wc pigs (P < .05). Supplemental ractopamine increased ADG., G/F, dressing percentage, amount of muscle, trimmed loin weight, percentage of ham lean, and CP in ham lean and decreased weights of heart, lungs, kidneys, and pancreas in pigs (P < .05). Neither genotype nor ractopamine had any effect on 4- to 24-h postprandial whole-animal heat production of pigs (P > .05). These results indicate that ractopamine will improve growth performance and carcass leanness in pure- and crossbred Meishan pigs. RP YEN, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4810 EP 4822 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100017 PM 1808177 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M SHACKELFORD, SD MUGGLICOCKETT, NE STONE, RT AF KOOHMARAIE, M SHACKELFORD, SD MUGGLICOCKETT, NE STONE, RT TI EFFECT OF THE BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST L644,969 ON MUSCLE GROWTH, ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES, AND POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS IN WETHER LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; PROTEINASES; MUSCLES; GROWTH; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN DEGRADATION ID CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OVINE CARCASSES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MYOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; CALPASTATIN ACTIVITIES; DIETARY RESTRICTION; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; CLENBUTEROL; CIMATEROL AB To examine the effect of a beta-adrenergic agonist (BAA) on muscle growth, proteinase activities, and postmortem proteolysis, 16 wether lambs were randomly assigned to receive 0 or 4 ppm of L644,969 in a completely mixed high-concentrate diet for 6 wk. Weight of the biceps femoris was 18.6% heavier in treated lambs. At 0 h after slaughter, treated lambs had higher cathepsin B (35.6%), cathepsins B + L (19.1%), calpastatin (62.8%), and m-calpain (24.6%) than control lambs, but both groups had similar mu-calpain activities. In both longissimus and biceps femoris muscles, treated lambs had higher protein and RNA and lower DNA concentrations. However, total DNA was not affected, indicating that the increase in muscle mass was probably due to muscle hypertrophy rather than to hyperplasia. The pattern of postmortem proteolysis was significantly altered by BAA feeding. In treated lambs, postmortem storage had no effect on the myofibril fragmentation index and degradation of desmin and troponin-T. These results indicate that the ability of the muscle to undergo postmortem proteolysis has been dramatically reduced with BAA feeding. Similar proteolytic systems are thought to be involved in antemortem and postmortem degradation of myofibrillar protein degradation. To examine whether protein synthesis was altered with BAA feeding, the level of skeletal muscle alpha-actin mRNA was quantified. Longissimus muscle alpha-actin mRNA abundance was 30% greater in BAA-fed lambs. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary administration of BAA increases muscle mass through hypertrophy and that the increase in muscle protein accretion is due to reduced degradation and possibly to increased synthesis of muscle proteins. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KOOHMARAIE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 49 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4823 EP 4835 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100018 PM 1725524 ER PT J AU APPLE, JK DIKEMAN, ME CUNDIFF, LV WISE, JW AF APPLE, JK DIKEMAN, ME CUNDIFF, LV WISE, JW TI DETERMINING BEEF CARCASS RETAIL PRODUCT AND FAT YIELDS WITHIN 1 HOUR POSTMORTEM SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CARCASSES; MEAT YIELD; FAT; REGRESSION; EQUATIONS ID CUTABILITY; USDA; EQUATIONS; FATNESS AB Hot carcasses from 220 steers (progeny of Hereford or Angus dams mated to Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Pinzgauer, Salers, or Shorthorn sires) were used to develop equations to estimate weights and percentages of retail product (RP) and trimmable fat (TF) yields. Independent variables examined were 1) 12-13th rib fat probe (12RFD), 2) 10-11th rib fat probe (10RFD), 3) external fat score (EFS), 4) percentage of internal fat estimated hot (H%KPH), 5) hindquarter muscling score (HQMS), and 6) hot carcass weight (HCW). Right sides of the carcasses were fabricated into boneless retail cuts, trimmed to .76 cm of subcutaneous and visible intermuscular fat, and weighed. Cuts were trimmed to 0 cm of subcutaneous and visible intermuscular fat and reweighed. Multiple linear regression equations containing 12RFD, EFS, H%KPH, and HCW accounted for 95 and 89% of the variation in weight of total RP at .76 and 0 cm of fat trim, respectively. When weights of RP from the four primal cuts (.76 and 0 cm of fat trim) were the dependent variables, equations consisting of 12RFD, EFS, H%KPH, and HCW accounted for 93 to 84% of the variation. Hot carcass equations accounted for 83% of the variation in weight of total TF at both .76 and 0 cm of fat trim. Furthermore, equations from hot carcass data accounted for 54 and 51% of the variation in percentage of total RP and 57 and 50% of the variation in percentage of RP from the four primal cuts at .76 and 0 cm of fat trim, respectively. Hot carcass prediction equations accounted for 72% of the variation in percentage of total TF at both fat trim levels. Hot carcass equations were equivalent or superior to equations formulated from chilled carcass traits. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP APPLE, JK (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4845 EP 4857 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100020 PM 1808179 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M CROUSE, JD AF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M CROUSE, JD TI EFFECTS OF CALCIUM-CHLORIDE INJECTION AND HOT BONING ON THE TENDERNESS OF ROUND MUSCLES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; HOT BONING; TENDERNESS ID POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; OVINE CARCASSES; MEAT PALATABILITY; IONIC-STRENGTH; BOS-INDICUS; ACCELERATION; BRAHMAN; INFUSION; CATTLE; TAURUS AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of CaCl2 injection on round muscles obtained from Bos indicus bulls and late-castrate steers. In Exp. 1, the biceps femoris (BF) muscle from the left side of each of 15 bull carcasses was injected within 30 min postexsanguination with .3 M CaCl2 at 10% by weight while either intact (n = 8) on the carcass or after hot boning (n = 7). The right sides served as controls. In Exp. 2, the semimembranosus (SM) muscles from the carcasses of nine steers (castrated at 16 mo of age) were hot-boned within 30 min postexsanguination and one-half were injected with CaCl2 as described above. Hot boning had no effect (P > .05) on shear force values. Calcium chloride injection dramatically reduced shear force requirements at 1, 8, and 14 d postmortem compared with noninjected controls in both experiments. Cooking traits of the SM muscle were not affected (P > .05) by CaCl2 injection. However, BF muscles injected with CaCl2 required more (P < .05) time to cook and had greater (P < .05) cooking losses than BF controls. Calcium chloride injection of prerigor round muscles reduced aging time needed for normal tenderization to 1 d postmortem. Hot boning was successfully used in conjunction with CaCl2 injection to facilitate the injection process. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4871 EP 4875 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100023 PM 1808182 ER PT J AU VAREL, VH JUNG, HG KRUMHOLZ, LR AF VAREL, VH JUNG, HG KRUMHOLZ, LR TI DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE AND FORAGE FIBER FRACTIONS BY RUMINAL CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA ALONE AND IN COCULTURE WITH PHENOLIC MONOMER-DEGRADING BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMEN; CELLULOLYTIC MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION; FIBER; PHENOLIC ACIDS ID CELL-WALL DEGRADATION; RUMEN BACTERIA; CLOSTRIDIUM-LONGISPORUM; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; ACIDS; DIGESTION; INVITRO; FERMENTATION; CULTURE; FORMATE AB We hypothesized that bacterial species capable of metabolizing phenolic monomers may act as catalysts for forage fiber breakdown by increasing microbial access to cell wall polysaccharides. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria alone and in combination with phenolic-degrading bacteria were examined for differences in their ability to degrade fiber fractions of alfalfa or bromegrass. Electron micrographs of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 cultured in combination with the ruminal phenolic-degrading organisms Eubacterium oxidoreducens G41 and Syntrophococcus sucromutans S195 indicated that bromegrass was degraded more extensively by the triculture than by the monoculture. The sequential detergent system was used to quantify the digestibility of fiber components from alfalfa and bromegrass. F. succinogenes incubated with the two phenolic-degrading organisms did not degrade more cell wall material than did F. succinogenes alone. However, with two other ruminal cellulolytic organisms, Clostridium longisporum B6405 and Ruminococcus albus B6403, greater (P < .05, P < .10, respectively) amounts of hemicellulose were degraded (72 h in vitro fermentation) from whole-plant alfalfa when E. oxidoreducens and S. sucromutans were combined with the cellulolytic species than when their monocultures were tested. Similar increases were not observed using a NDF preparation of alfalfa as the substrate. Based on these in vitro experiments, it does not seem that E. oxidoreducens and S. sucromutans play an important role in improving forage fiber degradation by cellulolytic ruminal bacteria. RP VAREL, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 69 IS 12 BP 4993 EP 5000 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GR911 UT WOS:A1991GR91100037 PM 1667013 ER PT J AU KOVALEY, OV POPRAWSKI, TJ STEKOLSHCHIKOV, AV VERESHCHAGINA, AB GANDRABUR, SA AF KOVALEY, OV POPRAWSKI, TJ STEKOLSHCHIKOV, AV VERESHCHAGINA, AB GANDRABUR, SA TI DIURAPHIS-AIZENBERG (HOM, APHIDIDAE) - KEY TO APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALES, AND REVIEW OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LITERATURE ON THE NATURAL-HISTORY OF DIURAPHIS-NOXIA (KURDJUMOV, 1913) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB This paper compiles and summarizes a great deal of extremely pertinent Russian language literature (most of which has remained little known and inaccessible to western scientists) covering virtually all of the basic early reports of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov, 1913), and traces the evolution of this insect into one of the world's most damaging pests of small grains. A long-standing error in the authorship of D. noxia is corrected. An original taxonomic kev to the apterous vivipara of species of Diuraphis is proposed. Various old-world parasitoid, predator, and native host plant associations with Diuraphis species are described from the literature, and a number of potentially useful aphidophagous insects are identified and collection sites recommended. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853. ALL UNION PLANT PROTECT RES INST,LENINGRAD,USSR. ACAD SCI USSR,INST ZOOL,LENINGRAD 199034,USSR. RI Vereshchagina, Alla/G-4706-2015; Stekolshchikov, Andrey/G-4725-2015 NR 66 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 112 IS 5 BP 425 EP 436 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GY322 UT WOS:A1991GY32200001 ER PT J AU OLAIZOLA, M DUERR, EO FREEMAN, DW AF OLAIZOLA, M DUERR, EO FREEMAN, DW TI EFFECT OF CO2 ENHANCEMENT IN AN OUTDOOR ALGAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING TETRASELMIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALGAL BIOMASS; CO2 GAS; OUTDOOR ALGAL CULTURES; TETRASELMIS AB One of the objectives of microalgal culture is to provide reliable production technology for important live aquaculture feed organisms. Presented here are the results of experiments designed to provide a better understanding of the relationship between inorganic carbon availability and algal production. Our results suggest that through additions of CO2 gas we were able to maintain sufficient dissolved carbon to stabilize outdoor algal cultures. Increases in the rate of addition of CO2 increased levels of dissolved CO2, total dissolved inorganic carbon (SIGMA-CO2), and decreased pH in the growth medium. This translated into improved buffering capacity of the culture medium and higher growth rate. A minimum of 2.4 mM SIGMA-CO2 was found necessary to maintain a maximal growth rate of 0.7 doublings/day. We also found that the increased productivity more than offsets the cost of adding the CO2. C1 INST OCEAN,HONOLULU,HI 96825. USDA ARS,AQUACULTURE PROJECT,TISHOMINGO,OK 73460. RP OLAIZOLA, M (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 3 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1007/BF02392890 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HA775 UT WOS:A1991HA77500010 ER PT J AU ACHTEMEIER, GL AF ACHTEMEIER, GL TI THE USE OF INSECTS AS TRACERS FOR CLEAR-AIR BOUNDARY-LAYER STUDIES BY DOPPLER RADAR SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Single- and multiple-Doppler radar systems are increasingly being used to monitor circulations within the clear-air boundary layer where the scatterers may be gradients of the refractive index or biota or a combination of both. When insects are the primary source of returned radar power, it must be assumed that the insects are either small and are being carried passively in the air, or are flying randomly so that the bulk velocity of all the insects contained within a pulse volume is zero relative to the air. This study presents dual-polarization radar observations of the interaction between a gust flow and a deep cloud of insects within a relatively unstable air mass over North Dakota on 4 July 1987. These data are unique in that they reveal several meteorological conditions for which the preceding assumption is not valid. The boundary layer was not capped, and circulations rose above an apparent threshold altitude above which these insects were not flying. Temperatures near the threshold altitude were in the range of 10-degrees-15-degrees-C. The top of the insect layer remained near 1800 m AGL regardless of circulations that could have carried insects to higher altitudes. A biological hypothesis of flight response to strong updrafts was developed and tested with dual-polarization data. Localized decreases in differential reflectivity Z(DR), interpreted as the result of reorientation of insects in evasive flight, were coincident with strong updrafts identified from the analyses of the Doppler velocities. This study shows that conditions exist for which the insects are not valid tracers of air motion. Therefore, care must be taken that combined insect and wind velocities are not taken as wind velocity alone. RP ACHTEMEIER, GL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ROUTE 1,BOX 182A,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020, USA. NR 0 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 8 IS 6 BP 746 EP 756 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1991)008<0746:TUOIAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GW261 UT WOS:A1991GW26100002 ER PT J AU WOLFINGER, ED BISHOP, PE AF WOLFINGER, ED BISHOP, PE TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE VNFENX REGION OF AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR; 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; STRUCTURAL GENE-CLUSTER; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; VANADIUM NITROGENASE; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; FIXATION; PROTEIN; NIFE AB The nucleotide sequence (3,600 bp) of a second copy of nifENX-like genes in Azotobacter vinelandii has been determined. These genes are located immediately downstream from vnfA and have been designated vnfENX. The vnfENX genes appear to be organized as a single transcriptional unit that is preceded by a potential RpoN-dependent promoter. While the niFEN genes are thought to be evolutionarily related to nifDK, the vnfEN genes appear to be more closely related to nifEN than to either nifDK, vnfDK, or anfDK. Mutant strains (CA47 and CA48) carrying insertions in vnfE and vnfN, respectively, are able to grow diazotrophically in molybdenum (Mo)-deficient medium containing vanadium (V) (Vnf+) and in medium lacking both Mo and V (Anf+). However, a double mutant (strain DJ42.48) which contains a nifEN deletion and an insertion in vnfE is unable to grow diazotrophically in Mo-sufficient medium or in Mo-deficient medium with or without V. This suggests that NifE and NifN substitute for VnfE and VnfN when the vnfEN genes are mutationally inactivated. AnfA is not required for the expression of a vnfN-lacZ transcriptional fusion, even though this fusion is expressed under Mo- and V-deficient diazotrophic growth conditions. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 173 IS 23 BP 7565 EP 7572 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GR594 UT WOS:A1991GR59400026 PM 1938952 ER PT J AU TULLY, RE SADOWSKY, MJ KEISTER, DL AF TULLY, RE SADOWSKY, MJ KEISTER, DL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOCHROME-C550 AND CYTOCHROME-C555 FROM BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM - CLONING, MUTAGENESIS, AND SEQUENCING OF THE C555-GENE (CYCC) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NITRITE REDUCTASES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; HYDROGEN OXIDATION; SOYBEAN NODULES; BACTEROIDS; MUTANTS; HEMOPROTEINS; CONSTRUCTION; LIBRARIES AB The major soluble c-type cytochromes in cultured cells of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 comprised a CO-reactive c555, (M(r), almost-equal-to 15,500) and a non-CO-reactive c550 (M(r), almost-equal-to 12,500). Levels of cytochrome per gram of soluble protein in aerobic, anaerobic, and symbiotic cells were 32, 21, and 30 nmol, respectively, for c555 and 31, 44, and 65 nmol, respectively, for c550. The midpoint redox potentials (E(m,7)) of the purified cytochromes were +236 mV for c555 and +277 mV for c550. The CO reactivity of c555 was pH dependent, with maximal reactivity at pH 10 or greater. Rabbit antiserum was produced against purified C555 and used to screen a B. japonicum USDA 110 genomic DNA expression library in lambda-gt11 for a downstream portion of the C555 gene (cycC). This sequence was then used to probe a cosmid library for the entire C555 locus. The nucleotide sequence shows an open reading frame of 149 amino acids, with an apparent signal sequence at the N terminus and a heme-binding site near the C terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence is similar to those of the cytochromes c556 of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The cycC gene was mutagenized by insertion of a kanamycin resistance cassette and homologously recombined into the B. japonicum genome. The resulting mutant made no c555 but made normal amounts of c550. The levels of membrane cytochromes were unaffected. The mutant and wild type exhibited identical phenotypes when used to nodulate plants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), with no significant differences in nodule number, nodule mass, or total amount of N2 fixed. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP TULLY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 173 IS 24 BP 7887 EP 7895 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GV187 UT WOS:A1991GV18700019 PM 1660457 ER PT J AU CULLEN, D YANG, V JEFFRIES, T BOLDUC, J ANDREWS, JH AF CULLEN, D YANG, V JEFFRIES, T BOLDUC, J ANDREWS, JH TI GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION OF AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; HYGROMYCIN; GLUCOAMYLASE PROMOTER ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; XYLANASE; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; SECRETION; PATHOGEN; SEQUENCE; ACID AB Aureobasidium pullulans strain Y117 was transformed to hygromycin resistance using plasmid pDH33, which contains the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hph) fused to promoter elements of the Aspergillus niger glucoamylase gene (glaA). Southern hybridizations of transformants revealed multiple, integrated copies of the vector. The glaA promoter was not induced by starch in A. pullulans as it is in A. niger; however, the transcriptional start points were the same in both species. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP CULLEN, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0168-1656(91)90048-Z PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GR628 UT WOS:A1991GR62800008 PM 1369347 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI RELATION OF FRACTIONAL 47CA RETENTION TO SEASON AND RATES OF BONE LOSS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; DIETARY CALCIUM; MINERAL DENSITY; SERUM; AGE; 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; MALABSORPTION; PERFORMANCE AB Fractional whole-body retention of 47Ca (retention fraction) in 58 healthy postmenopausal women participating in a calcium supplementation trial was examined for seasonal variation and for relationships to rates of bone loss and plasma vitamin D levels. Retention fraction was measured after 18 months in the trial. Bone mineral densities of the radius, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months in the trial, and plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) at 12, 18, and 24 months. The adjusted retention (retention fraction adjusted for total calcium intake, smoking status, and log years since menopause) was significantly higher in women evaluated in the months of August through October (mean +/- SD, 19.8 +/- 4.1%, n = 13) than in March through May (mean +/- SD, 17.0 +/- 4.7%, n = 18, p = 0.05). Plasma 25-OHD was associated with retention fraction only in women with low calcium intakes (partial r = 0.69 controlling for total calcium intake and log body mass index, n = 14, p = 0.01). Plasma 1,25-(OH)2D was not related to retention fraction. Adjusted retention, independent of total calcium intake, log years since menopause, smoking status, and season, explained 8% of the variability in the annual change in radius density (partial r = 0.29, p < 0.05). No significant associations were seen at the spine and femur. These results indicate there is seasonal variation in calcium retention, that calcium retention is positively correlated with plasma 25-OHD levels in women with low calcium intakes, and that an increased level of retained calcium is associated with a lower rate of bone loss from the radius. RP KRALL, EA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1323 EP 1329 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GZ148 UT WOS:A1991GZ14800008 PM 1792943 ER PT J AU WONG, TTY MCINNIS, DO RAMADAN, MM NISHIMOTO, JI AF WONG, TTY MCINNIS, DO RAMADAN, MM NISHIMOTO, JI TI AGE-RELATED RESPONSE OF MALE MELON FLIES DACUS-CUCURBITAE (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) TO CUE-LURE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DACUS-CUCURBITAE; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; MELON FLY; CUE-LURE; AGE EFFECTS; PHEROMONE ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; METHYL EUGENOL; FLY; ISLANDS AB Laboratory-reared and wild adults of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, were tested for response to cue-lure at various ages. Virgin laboratory (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days old) and wild (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 days old) flies were released into outdoor field cages and trapped from 0800 until 1600 hr. Response of males to cue-lure increased with age and corresponded with sexual maturity for each strain. Females of both strains were relatively nonresponsive to cue-lure. Failure to eradicate in past male annihilation programs against D. cucurbitae may be explained in part by the fact that only older males, which may have already mated with gravid females, respond to cue-lure. RP WONG, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2481 EP 2487 DI 10.1007/BF00994596 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW893 UT WOS:A1991GW89300011 PM 24258641 ER PT J AU JACKSON, DM SEVERSON, RF SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MG AF JACKSON, DM SEVERSON, RF SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MG TI OVIPOSITIONAL RESPONSE OF TOBACCO BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) TO CUTICULAR LABDANES AND SUCROSE ESTERS FROM THE GREEN LEAVES OF NICOTIANA-GLUTINOSA L (SOLANACEAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; NICOTIANA; OVIPOSITIONAL STIMULANTS ID DITERPENES; GROWTH; LEAF AB Field plots of three accessions of Nicotiana glutinosa L. (Nicotiana species accessions 24. 24A, and 24B) at Oxford, North Carolina and Tifton, Georgia were heavily damaged by natural populations of tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), during 1985-1989. Experiments in outdoor screen cages demonstrated that all accessions of N. glutinosa were as prone to oviposition by H. virescens moths as was NC 2326, a commercial cultivar of flue-cured tobacco, N. tabacum L. However, in greenhouse experiments, tobacco budworm larvae did not survive or grow as well when placed on plants of N. glutinosa as they did when placed on plants of NC 2326. Four labdane diterpenes (manool, 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of sclareols, and labda-13-ene-8-alpha, 15-diol [labdenediol]) and two sucrose ester fractions (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-3'-O-acetyl-sucrose [G-SE-I] and 2,3,4,-tri-O-acyl-sucrose [G-SE-II]) were isolated from green leaves of the three accessions of N. glutinosa. These components were bioassayed for their effects on the ovipositional behavior of tobacco budworm moths using small screen cages in a greenhouse at Oxford, North Carolina. Labdenediol, manool, and both sucrose ester fractions stimulated tobacco budworm moths to oviposit on a tobacco budworm-resistant Tobacco Introduction, TI 1112 (PI 124166), when these materials were sprayed onto a leaf. C1 USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JACKSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2489 EP 2506 DI 10.1007/BF00994597 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW893 UT WOS:A1991GW89300012 PM 24258642 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, JJ DRAPER, WM STEPHENS, RD AF JOHNSTON, JJ DRAPER, WM STEPHENS, RD TI LC-MS COMPATIBLE HPLC SEPARATION FOR XENOBIOTICS AND THEIR PHASE-I AND PHASE-II METABOLITES - SIMULTANEOUS ANION-EXCHANGE AND REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; URINARY METABOLITES; B6C3F1 MICE; RATS; GLUCURONIDE; STYRENE; SULFATE; BENZENE; POLAR AB Benzene and five of its mammalian metabolites, phenol, phenyl-beta-D-glucuronide, phenylsulfate, phenylmercapturate, and t,t-muconic acid, are separated on a methylstyrene-divinylbenzene-based anion exchange-reversed-phase column. The retention of the model compounds is manipulated by modifying the type, ionic strength, and pH of the mobile phase buffer, and the type and percent of organic mobile phase modifier. The separations developed are compatible with both particle beam (PB) and thermospray (TSP) interfaces used in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). These separations should be adaptable to the study of a wide range of xenobiotics and their phase I and phase II metabolites, and provide an LC-MS compatible alternative to the use of ion pairing reagents. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,HAZARDOUS MAT LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP JOHNSTON, JJ (reprint author), USDA,FSIS WESTERN LAB,POB 4008,ALAMEDA,CA 94501, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 04705] NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GU094 UT WOS:A1991GU09400002 PM 1761635 ER PT J AU CHORTYK, OT CHAMBERLAIN, WJ AF CHORTYK, OT CHAMBERLAIN, WJ TI THE APPLICATION OF SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BURLEY TOBACCO; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS; SENESCENCE AB A new isolation and separation method has been developed for the alkaloid-related nitrosamines in tobacco, called tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). The improved isolation procedure involves the extraction by sonication of TSNA from cured tobacco with toluene and an aqueous citrate buffer solution, while purification is achieved by solid phase extraction on small silica cartridges. Interfering extract materials are eluted from the silica cartridges with the toluene and a chloroform-methylene chloride solvent, while subsequent elution with chloroform yields the TSNA in a purified fraction. Gas chromatographic analyses on an SE-54-coated glass capillary column and detection by a nitrogen-phosphorous detector produce very good data on the four TSNAs, which include N-nitrosoanatabine (NATB), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (called NNK), and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). The method is shown to be quantitative, reproducible, and applicable to the determination of TSNA in various tobacco samples, such as stems and lamina of cured tobacco leaves, as well as to smokeless tobacco. RP CHORTYK, OT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GU094 UT WOS:A1991GU09400004 PM 1761636 ER PT J AU LOPEZGUISA, JM SATTER, LD AF LOPEZGUISA, JM SATTER, LD TI EFFECT OF FORAGE SOURCE ON RETENTION OF DIGESTA MARKERS APPLIED TO CORN GLUTEN MEAL AND BREWERS GRAINS FOR HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; CORN STALKS; PROTEIN; DIGESTION ID RUMINAL TURNOVER RATES; RUMEN; PASSAGE; SHEEP; TRACT; TIME; PARAMETERS; BEHAVIOR; PARTICLE; CERIUM AB Effect of forage source on retention time of dietary protein supplements in the rumen was measured, and solid and liquid markers of digesta passage were compared. Two markers for liquid, two for each of the forages, and two for each of the supplemental proteins were compared for estimating retention time. Eight Holstein heifers were allocated to a single-reversal design with two periods of 29 d each. Heifers were fed either alfalfa hay or corn husks and leaves combined with one of two resistant protein sources: corn gluten meal or wet brewers grains. Average rumen liquid retention times, measured with Co-EDTA or Cr-EDTA, were similar (16.2 to 16.9 h). Liquid retention times differed when alfalfa or corn residue was fed (14.1 and 18.9 h, respectively). Rumen retention times were similar for Sm and Ce (24.9 to 26.3 h) and across markers for forage sources (25.1 to 26.1 h). Total tract mean retention time was higher for corn residue than for hay (57.8 vs. 48.8 h). Rumen retention times for La and Yb (27.1 and 26.0 h) applied to protein sources were similar and were not different when applied to corn gluten meal or brewers grains (26.3 and 26.8 h). Forage source did not have an effect on the retention time of protein supplements. Low daily DMI of 2.22 and 1.91% of BW for hay and corn residue diets explain the rather long retention times of protein supplements. Both Co-EDTA and Cr-EDTA were effective as liquid phase markers. C1 USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 4297 EP 4304 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GX030 UT WOS:A1991GX03000021 PM 1787197 ER PT J AU BOLDMAN, KG VANVLECK, LD AF BOLDMAN, KG VANVLECK, LD TI DERIVATIVE-FREE RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION IN ANIMAL-MODELS WITH A SPARSE-MATRIX SOLVER SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RESTRICTED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; DERIVATIVE-FREE; ANIMAL MODEL; SPARSE MATRICES ID VARIANCE COMPONENT ESTIMATION AB Estimation of (co)variance components by derivative-free REML requires repeated evaluation of the log-likelihood function of the data. Gaussian elimination of the augmented mixed model coefficient matrix is often used to evaluate the likelihood function, but it can be costly for animal models with large coefficient matrices. This study investigated the use of a direct sparse matrix solver to obtain the log-likelihood function. The sparse matrix package SPARSPAK was used to reorder the mixed model equations once and then repeatedly to solve the equations by Cholesky factorization to generate the terms required to calculate the likelihood. The animal model used for comparison contained 19 fixed levels, 470 maternal permanent environmental effects, and 1586 direct and 1586 maternal genetic effects, resulting in a coefficient matrix of order 3661 with .3% nonzero elements after including numerator relationships. Compared with estimation via Gaussian elimination of the unordered system, utilization of SPARSPAK required 605 and 240 times less central processing unit time on maniframes and personal computers, respectively. The SPARSPAK package also required less memory and provided solutions for all effects in the model. RP BOLDMAN, KG (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,RL HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 15 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 4337 EP 4343 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GX030 UT WOS:A1991GX03000026 PM 1787202 ER PT J AU VANRADEN, PM WIGGANS, GR ERNST, CA AF VANRADEN, PM WIGGANS, GR ERNST, CA TI EXPANSION OF PROJECTED LACTATION YIELD TO STABILIZE GENETIC VARIANCE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PROJECTED YIELD; GENETIC EVALUATION; HETEROGENEOUS VARIANCE ID RECORDS AB Information on partial lactations often is included in genetic evaluations by predicting the cow's eventual 305-d yield. Such projected yields have less phenotypic and genetic variation than completed yields but were modeled as having greater or equal variation in evaluations. Analysis of first lactations from 48,424 daughters of 844 Holstein sires indicated that yields predicted early (46 to 75 d) in lactation had less than one-half as much additive genetic variance as completed yields. Multiple-trait REML estimates of genetic correlations of predicted and completed yields were all above .92, indicating that early lactation information is valuable if modeled appropriately. Expanded records with genetic variances equal to those of completed yields and new lactation length weights were derived. Expanded records have larger error variances than either projected or completed yields and, thus, are given less weight when included in animal model evaluations. Genetic gains are expected to increase only .2 to .3%, but more stable genetic evaluations should result from use of expanded records, particularly for animals evaluated primarily from first lactation records in progress. RP VANRADEN, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 4344 EP 4349 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GX030 UT WOS:A1991GX03000027 PM 1787203 ER PT J AU WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM AF WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM TI METHOD AND EFFECT OF ADJUSTMENT FOR HETEROGENEOUS VARIANCE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL MODEL; GENETIC EVALUATION; HETEROGENEOUS VARIANCE ID LACTATION MILK YIELDS; WITHIN-HERD VARIANCE; SIRE EVALUATION; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; STANDARD-DEVIATION; COW INDEXES; SELECTION; HERITABILITY; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION AB Lactation records were standardized for differing genetic and error variances across herds and over time based on phenotypic variance for each herd-year-parity group. Each herd-year-parity phenotypic variance estimate was combined with those of adjacent years and regressed toward a region-year-parity variance. Heritability was assumed to be .25 at mean variance within year and to range from .2 for herds with smallest phenotypic SD to .3 for herds with largest phenotypic SD. Lactation deviations from management group mean were adjusted by ratio of base genetic SD to genetic SD estimated from heritability and phenotypic SD. The base was defined as 1987 calvings for first parity and 1988 calvings for later parities. Records were weighted according to heritability by multiplying lactation length weight by herd error weight defined as ratio of base error variance to error variance in the adjusted record. Estimated genetic trend for milk increased by nearly 5 kg/yr for Holsteins with this adjustment, which caused predicted breeding values of oldest animals to be lower by about 100 kg. Most correlations of parent and progeny information were slightly higher with adjusted data. Cows in high variance herds were most likely to have large reductions in their evaluations. Adjustment for heterogeneous variance was implemented in July 1991 for national evaluations for yield traits. RP WIGGANS, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 4350 EP 4357 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GX030 UT WOS:A1991GX03000028 PM 1787204 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME CULLOR, JS NICKERSON, SC AF KEHRLI, ME CULLOR, JS NICKERSON, SC TI IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF HEMATOPOIETIC COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS - POTENTIAL APPLICATION TO DISEASE PREVENTION IN THE BOVINE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE MASTITIS; CYTOKINE; BONE MARROW; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS ID HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; GROWTH-FACTOR ACTIVITY; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; FACTOR-I; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GM-CSF; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD AB Colony-stimulating factors are a family of glycoproteins instrumental in regulation of hematopoiesis and inflammation. Clinical effects of various colony-stimulating factors have been reported in murine and human hosts. This review summarizes findings from some clinical trial evaluations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, and interleukin-7 administration to other species. These factors stimulate clonal expansion of progenitor cells in the bone marrow, induce differentiation of various cell lineages to a mature phenotype, and, in some cases, enhance the effector activities of immune cells. Each colony-stimulating factor has distinct lineages of bone marrow cells upon which they act, although there is some overlap in lineage activity and synergy between colony-stimulating factors. The close relationship in biological activity among different colony-stimulating factors is also reflected at the genomic level at which genes for some hematopoietic growth factors have been mapped to a region of human chromosome 5. Recently, colony-stimulating factor administration to cattle and its potential application to disease control in bovine preventive medicine programs has been investigated. Data from recent hematological, immunological, and intramammary bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) challenge studies in dairy cows are reviewed. These studies, with limited numbers of cows, found that rate of new infections, as well as duration and severity of infection, were reduced by pretreatment of cows with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. The dose-dependent hematological and immunomodulatory effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration may explain reduced severity and incidence of mastitis in dairy cows given granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SCH VET MED, DEPT CLIN PATHOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR AGR, LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN, MASTITIS RES LAB, HOMER, LA 71040 USA. RP KEHRLI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES LAB, AMES, IA 50010 USA. NR 102 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 4399 EP 4412 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GX030 UT WOS:A1991GX03000033 PM 1724001 ER PT J AU LEGGOTT, PJ ROBERTSON, PB JACOB, RA ZAMBON, JJ WALSH, M ARMITAGE, GC AF LEGGOTT, PJ ROBERTSON, PB JACOB, RA ZAMBON, JJ WALSH, M ARMITAGE, GC TI EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC-ACID DEPLETION AND SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND SUBGINGIVAL MICROFLORA IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-C STATUS; YOUNG MEN; DISEASE; DEFICIENCY; CULTURE AB This study describes the relationship between varying ascorbate intake, periodontal status, and subgingival microflora as part of a multidisciplinary investigation of ascorbic acid (AA) metabolism in young men housed for 13 weeks in a nutrition suite that provided controlled periods of ascorbic acid depletion and repletion. Twelve medically healthy non-smoking men, aged 25 to 43 years, ate a rotating four-day diet adequate in all nutrients except ascorbic acid. Following an initial baseline period during which the subjects received 250 mg AA/day, the subjects received 5 mg AA/day for a 32-day depletion period. Eight of the 12 subjects participated in a subsequent 56-day repletion period designed to replace the reduced body AA pool slowly. Plasma and leukocyte ascorbate levels, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depths, and attachment level were monitored at the beginning and end of the depletion and repletion periods. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained and examined for selected organisms by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. A uniform oral hygiene program was reinforced after each examination. Ascorbate concentrations in plasma and leukocytes responded rapidly to changes in vitamin C intake. There were no significant changes in plaque accumulation, probing pocket depth, or attachment level during the study. In contrast, gingival bleeding increased significantly after the period of AA depletion and returned to baseline values after the period of AA repletion. However, no relationship could be demonstrated between either the presence or proportion of target periodontal micro-organisms and measures of gingival bleeding or ascorbate levels. C1 USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. SUNY BUFFALO,SCH DENT MED,BUFFALO,NY 14260. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH DENT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP LEGGOTT, PJ (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,FAC DENT,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z7,BC,CANADA. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1531 EP 1536 DI 10.1177/00220345910700121101 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA HB901 UT WOS:A1991HB90100011 PM 1663525 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, MR STREETT, DA SHASHA, BS AF MCGUIRE, MR STREETT, DA SHASHA, BS TI EVALUATION OF STARCH ENCAPSULATION FOR FORMULATION OF GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) ENTOMOPOXVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; STARCH ENCAPSULATION; ENTOMOPATHOGENS ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; NOSEMA-LOCUSTAE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MICROSPORIDIA; LEPIDOPTERA; STABILITY; VIRUS; BAIT AB An entomopoxvirus isolated from Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and currently under consideration as a microbial control agent for rangeland grasshoppers was formulated in starch matrices containing various adjuvants and fed to M. sanguinipes nymphs. Percent mortality 21 d after exposure to granules containing molasses (a feeding stimulant) and carbon (an ultraviolet [UV] light screen) was 80%, whereas a formulation containing Congo red produced only 35% mortality. Although control mortality averaged 31%, percent infection of surviving control grasshoppers was only 1.5%. Percent infection of surviving grasshoppers fed starch-encapsulated virus containing molasses and carbon was 89.7%, whereas only 30% of the survivors were infected following exposure to granules with Congo red. A field test in which starch granules laced with carbaryl were applied to small rangeland plots demonstrated that grasshoppers located and fed upon the granules as readily as the commercial standard wheat bran bait. Survival of virus and acceptance of the starch bait by grasshoppers suggest that this versatile formulation technique should play a major part in the development of grasshopper microbial control products. RP MCGUIRE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1652 EP 1656 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200004 ER PT J AU WAKABAYASHI, N CUNNINGHAM, RT AF WAKABAYASHI, N CUNNINGHAM, RT TI 4-COMPONENT SYNTHETIC FOOD BAIT FOR ATTRACTING BOTH SEXES OF THE MELON FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DACUS-CUCURBITAE; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANTS; PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES ID PROTEIN INSECT BAITS; FRUIT-FLIES; VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; ACIDS AB A nine-component synthetic mixture was developed to replace protein hydrolysates as food bait for melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, based on likely breakdown products of protein fermentation and on nutritional considerations. The nine-component mixture was found to be as attractive as a standard hydrolyzed protein bait. Subsequent research showed that only four of the nine components were important. The four-component mixture, made up of ammonium bicarbonate, linolenic acid, putrescine, and pyrrolidine, was as effective as the standard food bait. RP WAKABAYASHI, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1676 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200008 ER PT J AU NEGRON, JF RILEY, TJ AF NEGRON, JF RILEY, TJ TI SEASONAL MIGRATION AND OVERWINTERING OF THE CHINCH BUG (HEMIPTERA, LYGAEIDAE) IN LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CHINCH BUG; MIGRATION AB The seasonal migration of the chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say), was studied in Louisiana from 1985 to 1987. Temporal migration studies indicate that chinch bugs emerge from overwintering sites in April and that large emergences are apparently influenced by ambient temperatures. Corn and wheat can be infested simultaneously by the overwintered chinch bugs. Sampling for overwintering chinch bugs in the grass Andropogon virginicus L. indicated large populations in November and December. Population levels in A. virginicus decreased from January through spring emergence in March and April. RP NEGRON, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 2680,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1685 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200010 ER PT J AU CURTIS, CE CLARK, JD TEBBETS, JS AF CURTIS, CE CLARK, JD TEBBETS, JS TI INCIDENCE OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) IN PACKED NECTARINES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; NECTARINES; PACKED FRUIT ID APPLE AB Controlled experiments were conducted to determine the incidence of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in packed nectarines, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica. We have demonstrated the existence of only extremely low levels of codling moth infestation in commercial nectarines. No eggs, pupae, or diapausing larvae were found. Only one live, third instar was found in 37,908 culled nectarines. Three live fourth instars were found in 326,625 packed nectarines. Only 22 codling moth males were trapped in 1,392 trap-nights in three nectarine orchards. It is apparent that nectarine is not a significant host of codling moth. We discuss the probability of a potential mating pair occurring in a shipment under several different scenarios and how this relates to meeting quarantine security requirements. RP CURTIS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1686 EP 1690 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200011 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI CHANG, HB AF VARGAS, RI CHANG, HB TI EVALUATION OF OVIPOSITION STIMULANTS FOR MASS-PRODUCTION OF MELON FLY, ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY, AND MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TEPHRITIDAE; OVIPOSITION RESPONSES; MASS REARING AB Responses of Melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), to artificial oviposition bottles treated with various liquids derived from host juices or extracts and water was tested in a choice test device. Harvest of D. cucurbitae eggs was 89.4% higher from oviposition bottles that contained the juice of pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, than from bottles with the juice of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, the standard oviposition stimulant. Harvest of D. dorsalis eggs was 55.2% higher from oviposition bottles that contained juice of orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, than from bottles with juice of guava, Psidium guajava L., the standard oviposition stimulant. Harvest of C. capitata eggs from oviposition bottles that contained an extract of coffee, Coffea arabica L., was equal to those with the standard oviposition stimulant (water). Results indicate that host fruit juices with minimal commercial processing and without additives were the best oviposition stimulants. Findings are discussed in the context of oviposition stimulant evaluation procedures and mass production of tephritid fruit flies. RP VARGAS, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1695 EP 1698 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200013 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD WRIGHT, JE AF CHANDLER, LD WRIGHT, JE TI LONGEVITY OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON COTTON AND ALTERNATE FEEDING SOURCES UNDER VARIOUS TEMPERATURE REGIMES IN THE LABORATORY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BOLL WEEVIL; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; ALTERNATE HOST PLANTS AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of various food sources and temperature on adult longevity of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Boll weevil adults reared from cotton have the potential to live up to 9 mo on a continuous supply of cotton flower buds (squares). Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., and okra, H. esculentus L., flower buds play a minor role in boll weevil survival, but hibiscus, Hibiscus rosasinensis L., could be important for survival because weevils can exist for up to 4 mo on this food source. Boll weevil longevity was increased on all food sources at temperatures of 18 and 24-degrees-C compared with longevity at 12 and 30-degrees-C. Use of alternative feeding sources could aid boll weevil survival during periods when cotton fruiting structures are not available. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP COTTON INSECTS RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1699 EP 1704 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200014 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE AF CARPENTER, JE TI COMPARATIVE RESPONSE TO RADIATION OF T-Y(WP+)30C GENETIC SEXING STRAIN AND A WILD-TYPE STRAIN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GENETIC SEXING; RADIATION; CERATITIS-CAPITATA ID COMPETITIVENESS; QUALITY; FLIES AB The response to radiation of a wild-type strain of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and different generations of the genetic sexing strain, T:Y(wp+)30C, isolated at the International Atomic Energy Agency Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria, was studied. Sexual competitiveness of males of these strains was compared after each had received from 70 to 105 Gy of radiation. Males of the genetic sexing strain were sterilized at a lower dose of radiation than the wild-type strain. Flight ability in two generations of the genetic sexing strains was negatively correlated with dose of radiation. Flight ability and sexual competitiveness of the wild-type strain was higher than the flight ability and competitiveness of the genetic sexing strain. Sexual competitiveness of irradiated males of the genetic sexing strain was 5-10x times lower than the wild strain at 105 Gy but indicated some improvement at the 70 Gy dose. Efforts to increase the competitiveness of males of this strain or develop new and more competitive genetic strains are warranted. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1705 EP 1709 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200015 ER PT J AU GREENSTONE, MH EATON, RR MORGAN, CE AF GREENSTONE, MH EATON, RR MORGAN, CE TI SAMPLING AERIALLY DISPERSING ARTHROPODS - A HIGH-VOLUME, INEXPENSIVE, AUTOMOBILE-BORNE AND AIRCRAFT-BORNE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTHROPODA; DISPERSAL; MIGRATION; SAMPLING ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; LEPIDOPTERA; MIGRATION; AIRBORNE; APHIDS; NET AB Densities of aerially dispersing arthropods are on the order of only hundredths to single individuals per 1,000 m3. Therefore, an understanding of the atmospheric dynamics of dispersal requires active sampling of high volumes of air. We describe a system for active sampling in the surface boundary layer, from which arthropods ascend, and the planetary boundary layer, in which arthropods are transported by winds. The sampler, a net with a diameter of 0.62 m, was carried by an automobile in the surface boundary layer and a slow-flying fixed-wing aircraft (Piper Cub) in the planetary boundary layer. The slow airspeeds characteristic of this aircraft permit large sampling rates without the need for expansion chambers in the samplers, which would require aircraft modification. It is also one of the least expensive aircraft to maintain and fly. At 72.4 km/h, a speed that does not destroy small specimens as traditional aircraft sampling speeds may, the two aircraft nets sampled at the rate of 38,910 m3/h. At the same speed, the single automobile net sampled at the rate of 21,420 m3/h. RP GREENSTONE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1717 EP 1724 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200017 ER PT J AU BRENNER, RJ PIERCE, RR AF BRENNER, RJ PIERCE, RR TI SEASONALITY OF PERIDOMESTIC COCKROACHES (BLATTOIDEA, BLATTIDAE) - MOBILITY, WINTER REDUCTION, AND EFFECT OF TRAPS AND BAITS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; PERIPLANETA-FULIGINOSA; EURYCOTIS-FLORIDANA ID PERIPLANETA-FULIGINOSA; SMOKYBROWN COCKROACH; DICTYOPTERA; BLATTARIA AB Populations of smokybrown cockroaches, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), and Eurycotis floridana (Walker) were studied to compare mobility and population size between fall 1985 and spring 1986 seasons at site A, and to assess the effect of a combination of traps and baits at site B in northcentral Florida. Adult smokybrown cockroaches were more mobile in the spring than in the fall; a similar trend for E. floridana adults was not significant. Overall population levels were reduced after winter by almost-equal-to 73%. No significant shift in spatial distributions of nymphs occurred, but adult distribution changed from a predominance in palms (fall) to hardwood trees with tree holes (spring), suggesting that this habitat offers better survival during winter. Removal of cockroaches by trapping at site B, followed by a single application of dry distiller's grain containing 0.5% chlorpyrifos, reduced expected population levels (based on site A data) by 90% measured at 6 mo after treatment. These data refute the hypothesis that an increase in numbers of cockroaches infesting homes in the fall is due to an increase in mobility. Instead, the results suggest that population size and proximity of principal habitats to the home are probably responsible for domestic infestations in the fall. Use of traps, baits, or both at these foci significantly reduce populations over an extended period. C1 PIERCE SERV INC,CASHIERS,NC 28717. RP BRENNER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1735 EP 1745 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200019 PM 1787218 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, A TWARDUS, D BUONACCORSI, J AF LIEBHOLD, A TWARDUS, D BUONACCORSI, J TI EVALUATION OF THE TIMED-WALK METHOD OF ESTIMATING GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) EGG MASS DENSITIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SAMPLING; TIMED COUNTS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR AB Timed walks are widely used by pest managers for estimating gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), egg mass densities. According to this method, an individual(s) walks through a woodlot for a fixed length of time (typically 5 min) and counts all egg masses observed. These counts are then used in one of several previously developed linear regression equations to estimate egg masses per unit area. In this study, we evaluated the statistical properties of these estimates. At several 25-ha woodlots, we estimated true egg mass densities by counting egg masses in multiple fixed-radius plots. Two observers then made four 5-min walks through each woodlot. These counts were more highly correlated with estimated density when expressed as numbers per walk than as number per distance walked. Analysis of variance indicated that timed counts varied significantly among observers. For individual observers, counts of egg masses per walk were used to develop linear regressions for predicting egg mass densities. These regressions were characterized to determine the confidence intervals associated with density estimates obtained from a given number of samples. Results indicate that even if separate regression equations were developed for each observer, the timed-walk method provides imprecise estimates. Lack of precision and observer effects indicate that fixed-time and fixed-distance methods of estimating gypsy moth egg mass densities should be discontinued. Analyses indicated that even one 0.01-ha fixed-radius plot per woodlot will usually provide a more precise estimate of density than four or more 5-min walks. RP LIEBHOLD, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1774 EP 1781 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200026 ER PT J AU RING, DR GRAUKE, LJ PAYNE, JA SNOW, JW AF RING, DR GRAUKE, LJ PAYNE, JA SNOW, JW TI TREE SPECIES USED AS HOSTS BY PECAN WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PECAN WEEVIL; CURCULIO-CARYAE; HOST RANGE AB The host range of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), was determined through inspections of field-collected nuts from Juglans regia L. and all North American species of Carya, collections of adult and larval pecan weevils from species of Carya, and exposure of nuts from trees reported as hosts of the pecan weevil or other members of the genus Curculio to infestation by the pecan weevil in the field and laboratory. Pecan weevils or nuts exhibiting characteristic damage were found in all species of Carya indigenous to North America. Nuts of J. regia from Canada contained pecan weevil larvae and emergence holes, whereas nuts of J. regia from Georgia failed to contain larvae or emergence holes. Pecan weevils were not found to infest other members of Juglandaceae, Fagaceae, or Betulaceae. The geographical range of the pecan weevil may need expansion to include Lake Placid and Ocala, Florida (Carya floridana Sargent), Cola de Caballo near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico (Carya palmeri Manning), and Harrow, Ontario, Canada (J. regia). Information on species of trees attacked by the pecan weevil will be useful in establishing or clarifying quarantines against introduction of pecan weevil, locating the most promising candidate germ plasm for use in host plant resistance programs, and in developing wide area management strategies to control pecan weevil. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1782 EP 1789 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200027 ER PT J AU BROWN, MW GLENN, DM WISNIEWSKI, ME AF BROWN, MW GLENN, DM WISNIEWSKI, ME TI FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL DISRUPTION OF APPLE ROOTS BY THE WOOLLY APPLE APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ERIOSOMA-LANIGERUM; PLANT HORMONES; INSECT GALLS ID GROWTH; TREES AB Root galls on apple trees (M.7A rootstock) created by woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), feeding were collected in the field. Root galls, ungalled roots, and ungalled sections of galled roots were analyzed for water conductivity and nitrogen concentration. Water conductivity was significantly reduced through root gall tissue. Root galls had a significantly higher concentration of nitrogen than ungalled roots. Roots of apple trees in the greenhouse were treated with the plant hormones indole-3-acetic acid and 6-benzyl-aminopurine to induce gall formation. Woolly apple aphid galls were characterized by a proliferation of anomalous nonfunctional xylem. Growth anomalies on roots treated with 6-benzyl-aminopurine had typical xylem with a proliferation of phloem tissue. Very little internal or external deformation of roots was observed after treatment with indole-3-acetic acid. Disruption of root xylem, resulting in resistance to water conduction, is one mechanism by which woolly apple aphids reduce the growth of apple trees. RP BROWN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1823 EP 1826 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200034 ER PT J AU ELSEY, KD KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M AF ELSEY, KD KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M TI FORECASTING PICKLEWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) LARVAL INFESTATIONS USING SEX-PHEROMONE TRAPS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PICKLEWORM; PHEROMONE TRAPS; PREDICTION AB Forecasting infestations of pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), using a pheromone trapping system was studied in 42 cucumber fields during a 2-yr period. In all plantings (24) where moths and larvae were found, adult males were trapped before or during the same week that larvae were first detected in the crop. Thus, pheromone-baited traps provided advance warning of impending pickleworm damage. Pickleworm damage to cucumber fruit in plots that were not sprayed until moths were trapped was not significantly different from plots that were sprayed weekly. Withholding of spray treatment until moths were caught saved an average of one treatment per field with no loss of control. A modified box trap was developed that is more efficient than the original trap design. RP ELSEY, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1837 EP 1841 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200037 ER PT J AU LANCE, DR SUTTER, GR AF LANCE, DR SUTTER, GR TI SEMIOCHEMICAL-BASED TOXIC BAITS FOR DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) - EFFECTS OF PARTICLE-SIZE, LOCATION, AND ATTRACTANT CONTENT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM; CUCURBITACIN ID ROOTWORM BEETLES COLEOPTERA; STARCH BORATE MATRIX; CORN; CUCURBITACINS; PHEROMONE; RESPONSES AB Survival of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte was monitored in field cages that contained maize plants, Zea mays L., treated with semiochemical-based toxic baits. Baits consisted of starch granules that contained a feeding stimulant (cucurbitacins) and an insecticide (0.5% carbaryl); they were sprinkled by hand over plants at a rate of 5 kg/ha. In cages of silking maize, granules of bait that were 2-4 mm in diameter were significantly less effective (27% of beetles survived 48 h) than granules from three smaller size categories (13-18% survival). In another test, however, granule size appeared to influence efficacy of baits in cages of dent-stage maize but not in cages of silking plants. Efficacy did not differ significantly among baits that were formulated to contain 0, 0.5, 2, or 8% of the "TIC" attractant (a 1:1:1 mixture of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, indole, and trans-cinnamaldehyde). Granules containing TIC attracted large numbers of D. v. virgifera in open cornfields when placed in traps constructed from 59-ml pill vials. In laboratory assays, TIC initially reduced the proportion of beetles that consumed a lethal dose of bait, but the effect was not evident after granules were exposed to open air for 24 h. Starch-granule bait and a similar cereal-based bait produced 87-94% mortality of D. v. virgifera when applied carefully to leaves of maize plants, but did not measurably affect survival when an equal amount was distributed on the soil surface. The distribution of bait particles within a maize field will profoundly affect efficacy and must be considered when developing formulations and application methodology. Adding moderate amounts of TIC to a bait will probably not affect mortality of beetles that are present in treated portions of fields. RP LANCE, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1861 EP 1868 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200040 ER PT J AU SUTTER, GR BRANSON, TF FISHER, JR ELLIOTT, NC AF SUTTER, GR BRANSON, TF FISHER, JR ELLIOTT, NC TI EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON SURVIVAL, DEVELOPMENT, FECUNDITY, AND SEX-RATIO IN CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS OF WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; INSECTICIDES; SURVIVAL ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; POPULATION-DENSITY; LONGEVITY; LARVAE; IMMATURES; MAIZE AB In a 4-yr study, granular soil insecticides were applied at planting time to plots of maize, Zea mays L., infested with population densities of eggs of western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, to determine how insecticides affected survival and development of immatures and female fecundity. Survival to adulthood differed among plots treated with different insecticides as well as among years of the study. Survival was generally highest in plots treated with insecticides that were the least water soluble (chlorpyrifos and fonofos) and lowest in plots treated with compounds that were the most water soluble (carbofuran and ethoprop). Survival was highest in years when precipitation and topsoil moisture were below normal during egg hatch and larval development and lowest when these conditions were above normal. Carbofuran, ethoprop, and chlorpyrifos delayed the mean emergence date in 1981. Only carbofuran delayed emergence in 1982, and none of the insecticides affected emergence in 1985. Mean percentage of survivors that were female differed each year (range, 23.2-45.3%). Egg density did not affect sex ratio. As reflected in the significant-year-by-insecticide interaction, some insecticides were inconsistent in their effect on sex ratios. In 1981, fecundity of survivors from plots treated with carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and isofenphos was significantly greater than that of survivors from plots treated with phorate, fonofos, and ethoprop or that were left untreated. Insecticides did not affect timing of oviposition, which began 2 wk after emergence and peaked when beetles were 4 wk old. RP SUTTER, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1912 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200046 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH THRONE, JE SIMONAITIS, RA AF ARTHUR, FH THRONE, JE SIMONAITIS, RA TI CHLORPYRIFOS METHYL DEGRADATION AND BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY TOWARD MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON CORN STORED AT 4 TEMPERATURES AND 3 MOISTURE CONTENTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; INSECTICIDE DEGRADATION ID GRAIN PROTECTANTS; WHEAT; FENITROTHION; INSECTS AB Corn was treated with 6 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl and stored for 10 mo at each of four temperatures (15.0, 22.5, 30.0, and 37.5-degrees-C) and three moisture contents (11.4, 12.4, and 14.4%). Every 2 mo, samples were removed from storage and analyzed for chlorpyrifos-methyl residue and infested with maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Initial residues on the corn were 4.95 +/- 0.67 ppm. Of the residues that were lost, most were lost during the first 2 mo of storage. The loss rate increased as temperature and moisture content increased. No weevils survived on corn stored at 15.0 or 22.5-degrees-C, except for 7.2% of the weevils that survived at month 10 on corn stored at 22.5-degrees-C. Weevil survival increased as moisture content increased in corn stored at 30.0 and 37.5-degrees-C. The threshold for weevil survival was almost-equal-to 1.22 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl. Population growth, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels, and dockage weight were all correlated with insect survival. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1926 EP 1932 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200049 ER PT J AU UMBECK, PF BARTON, KA NORDHEIM, EV MCCARTY, JC PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF UMBECK, PF BARTON, KA NORDHEIM, EV MCCARTY, JC PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI DEGREE OF POLLEN DISPERSAL BY INSECTS FROM A FIELD-TEST OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED COTTON SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GOSSYPIUM; POLLEN; BIOSAFETY ID GENES AB This investigation was carried out to determine the movement of pollen from a field test site of genetically engineered cotton grown in 1989 at the Plant Science Research Farm of Mississippi State University. The objective was to evaluate the biosafety procedures used to reduce pollen movement. A field test of transgenic cotton measuring 136 by 30 m was bordered on all sides by 25 m of commercial cotton. All border rows were sampled from the lower, middle, and top fruiting positions of the plants. Seeds were analyzed for expression of the dominant selectable marker, neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II). Reliability of the assay was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results showed a consistent and significant reduction in pollen dissemination as distance from the test plot increased. Out-crossing went from 5 to < 1% by 7 m away from the test plot. A low level of pollen dispersal of < 1% continued to occur sporadically in the remaining border rows out to a distance of 25 m. No significant differences were noted for flower position on the plants, indicating there were no consistent seasonal effects on pollen dissemination. The border rows fulfilled their purpose of serving as a pollen sink to significantly reduce the amount of pollen dissemination from the test plot. At this location in Mississippi, the distance surrounding a transgenic cotton field test could be reduced and still provide reasonable pollen containment. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP UMBECK, PF (reprint author), AGRACETUS INC,MIDDLETON,WI 53562, USA. NR 13 TC 53 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1943 EP 1950 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200051 ER PT J AU HUGHES, GA ROBERTSON, JL SAVIN, NE AF HUGHES, GA ROBERTSON, JL SAVIN, NE TI MULTINOMIAL LOGIT ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MIXTURES; CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS; MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL AB Uses of a multinomial logit model for investigations of chemical interactions were investigated. The probabilities of four types of effects when mixtures of benzoylphenylureas (BPUs; diflubenzuron or triflumuron) or a juvenile hormone analogue (JHA; methoprene) with selected pyrethroids (fenvalerate or permethrin) were compared. Bioassays were done on fourth- or sixth-instar western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman). When sprayed on fourth instars, mixtures of methoprene + fenvalerate, triflumuron + fenvalerate, and diflubenzuron + permethrin produced effects significantly different from those predicted by the hypothesis of additive effectiveness. When sprayed on sixth instars, only mixtures of the BPUs with fenvalerate produced effects significantly different from this hypothesis. We conclude that the multinomial logit model may be useful to identify interactions between chemicals that merit biochemical investigation. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,1960 ADDISON ST,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1957 EP 1968 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GW112 UT WOS:A1991GW11200053 ER PT J AU CLARK, L SHAH, PS MASON, JR AF CLARK, L SHAH, PS MASON, JR TI CHEMICAL REPELLENCY IN BIRDS - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AND AVOIDANCE-RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; LIVESTOCK FEED; SENSITIVITY; STARLINGS; VOLATILES AB We examined how molecular structure of 24 anthranilate and benzoic acid derivatives correlated with drinking behavior in European starlings Sturnus vulgaris. The effectiveness of bird repellents was associated with basicity, the presence of an electron-donating group in resonance with an electron-withdrawing carboxylic group on a phenyl ring, and a heterocyclic ring in the same pi cloud plane as the phenyl ring. Of the benzoic acid derivatives tested in this study, methyl, ethyl, dimethyl, and linalyl anthranilate as well as anthranilic acid and 4-ketobenztriazine were repellent to birds. Water consumption was significantly reduced relative to control levels at concentrations as low as 0.05% (weight/volume) for the best repellents. Further statistical tests showed that reduction in consumption for the best repellents was absolute, not significantly different from zero consumption. Anthranilic acid isomers were moderately good repellents. The ability to generate a model predicting repellency allows for the efficient identification and development of ecologically sound, nonlethal, taxa-specific repellents to be used for the protection of wildlife in agricultural and industrial applications. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [2 T32 DC00014-12] NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 260 IS 3 BP 310 EP 322 DI 10.1002/jez.1402600306 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GU236 UT WOS:A1991GU23600005 PM 1744613 ER PT J AU DOLBEER, RA AF DOLBEER, RA TI MIGRATION PATTERNS OF DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS EAST OF THE ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The 5589 recovery records for Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) banded in North America from 1923 to 1988 were analyzed to determine migration patterns and the source of populations wintering in the lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf of Mexico coastal region. Autumn migration from areas north of latitude 42-degrees-N primarily occurred in October and November. Spring migration occurred mainly in April for birds > 2 yr old and in May for birds < 1 yr old. During summer, 1-yr-old birds were recovered significantly farther from their natal colony than were older birds. Cormorants nesting in Canada and the northern United States from Alberta to the Gulf of St. Lawrence migrated in winter primarily to the southern United States between Texas and Florida. There was considerable mixing and overlap in winter of nesting populations from widely divergent areas. From 38 to 70% of the birds from Saskatchewan through the Great Lakes region were recovered in the lower Mississippi Valley as were 10% of the birds from such disparate areas as Alberta and the New England coast. There was little mixing of populations from east and west of the Rocky Mountains. RP DOLBEER, RA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 11 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 62 IS 1 BP 83 EP 93 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA FH411 UT WOS:A1991FH41100009 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR CAVALIERI, R KUPFERMAN, EM AF DRAKE, SR CAVALIERI, R KUPFERMAN, EM TI QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF ANJOU PEARS AFTER DIFFERENT WAX DRYING TEMPERATURES AND REFRIGERATED STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Half-cooling times for hot (60-degrees-C) and cold (0-degrees-C) dried waxed pears in boxes, were identical and equal to 17 h. Waxed hot dried pears required an additional 21 h to equilibrate to holding room temperature. Waxing of pears modified the ripening pattern dependent upon whether the waxed pears were hot or cold dried. Waxed hot and cold dried pears exhibited lower external, but higher internal concentrations of CO2 than nonwaxed fruit. After prolonged storage waxed cold dried pears required more time to develop the characteristic ripe yellow color and retained firmness longer than either waxed hot dried or non-waxed pears. Waxed hot dried pears were slower to develop yellow color and retained firmness longer than nonwaxed pears. Pears waxed immediately after harvest or after 90 days of cold storage demonstrated increased ripening time compared to nonwaxed fruit. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 6 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00086.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GY834 UT WOS:A1991GY83400002 ER PT J AU WEST, T AF WEST, T TI THE LEGACY OF EARLY FORESTERS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP WEST, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 89 IS 12 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GR466 UT WOS:A1991GR46600015 ER PT J AU CUBBAGE, FW AF CUBBAGE, FW TI PUBLIC REGULATION OF PRIVATE FORESTRY - PROACTIVE POLICY RESPONSES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP CUBBAGE, FW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ECON FOREST PROTECT & MANAGEMENT,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 89 IS 12 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GR466 UT WOS:A1991GR46600017 ER PT J AU PRESSEY, R AF PRESSEY, R TI OXIDATION OF INDOLEACETIC-ACID BY 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE MANGANESE COMPLEXES SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS LA English DT Article AB 1,10-Phenanthroline catalyzes the oxidation of indoleacetic acid in the presence of manganese ions and oxygen. The reaction occurs at mild conditions and appears to involve the superoxide anion radical. RP PRESSEY, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-5102 J9 J MOL CATAL PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0304-5102(91)80165-Y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GX401 UT WOS:A1991GX40100012 ER PT J AU RONG, N SELHUB, J GOLDIN, BR ROSENBERG, IH AF RONG, N SELHUB, J GOLDIN, BR ROSENBERG, IH TI BACTERIALLY SYNTHESIZED FOLATE IN RAT LARGE-INTESTINE IS INCORPORATED INTO HOST TISSUE FOLYL POLYGLUTAMATES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; FOLATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; RATS; P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BINDING-PROTEIN; ABSORPTION AB Unlike mammalian tissues, certain intestinal microflora are capable of de novo synthesis of folate. To explore the availability of bacterially synthesized folate to the host organism, we used [H-3] p-aminobenzoic acid (H-3 PABA) to label folate newly synthesized by the intestinal microflora. Labeled folates were isolated by affinity chromatography and identified by ion-pair HPLC. In this study [H-3]PABA was injected into rat cecum to determine whether the [H-3]folate synthesized by bacteria appeared in rat liver and other tissues. Rats were kept in sling suits to prevent coprophagy. Ion-pair chromatography of the purified fiver folate demonstrated that bacterially derived [H-3]folate was incorporated into all host liver-specific folate polyglutamates, mostly penta- and hexaglutamyl derivatives. Similar results were observed in kidney folates. These data provide direct evidence that some of the folate synthesized by the microflora in the rat large intestine is incorporated into the tissue folate of the host. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 32 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 121 IS 12 BP 1955 EP 1959 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GR409 UT WOS:A1991GR40900006 PM 1941259 ER PT J AU HENNING, SM ZHANG, JZ MCKEE, RW SWENDSEID, ME JACOB, RA AF HENNING, SM ZHANG, JZ MCKEE, RW SWENDSEID, ME JACOB, RA TI GLUTATHIONE BLOOD-LEVELS AND OTHER OXIDANT DEFENSE INDEXES IN MEN FED DIETS LOW IN VITAMIN-C SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ASCORBIC ACID; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; HUMANS ID DNA STRAND-BREAKS; ANTIOXIDANT; PLASMA; ASCORBATE; DISULFIDE; RADICALS; INJURY; CELLS AB Because ascorbic acid is an important contributor to the oxidant defense system in body tissues, we studied the effects of a low dietary intake of ascorbic acid on various indicators of oxidant defense and oxidant damage. During a 13-wk study eight healthy men (25-43 y), residing in a live-in metabolic unit, were fed controlled diets containing different amounts of ascorbic acid for four consecutive periods: period 1 = 250 mg/d for 4 d; period 2 = 5 mg/d for 32 d; period 3 = 10 or 20 mg/d for 28 d and period 4 = 60 or 250 mg/d for 28 d. Measurements were made at several time intervals of the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in RBC, DNA strand breaks in mononuclear leucocytes, glutathione concentrations in plasma and RBC and NAD and NADP in RBC. After 60 d of low ascorbic acid intakes and associated with plasma ascorbic acid levels < 6-mu-mol/L, the total glutathione concentration and the reduced glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio were decreased in plasma. At the same time NAD and NADP levels in RBC were elevated. It seems that chronic marginal vitamin C deficiency states may be associated with selected biochemical changes in oxidant defense indices. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP HENNING, SM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-42710] NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 121 IS 12 BP 1969 EP 1975 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GR409 UT WOS:A1991GR40900008 PM 1941261 ER PT J AU MANALU, W JOHNSON, HD LI, RZ BECKER, BA COLLIER, RJ AF MANALU, W JOHNSON, HD LI, RZ BECKER, BA COLLIER, RJ TI ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL STATUS OF SOMATOTROPIN-INJECTED LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS MAINTAINED UNDER CONTROLLED-LABORATORY THERMONEUTRAL, HOT AND COLD ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; THERMAL STRESS; HEAT PRODUCTION; HEAT LOSS; COWS ID GROWTH-HORMONE TREATMENT; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; DAIRY-COWS; MILK-YIELD; HEAT-STRESS; PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS; NITROGEN; ENERGY; METABOLISM AB Two experiments, with a single-reversal design and 12 cows per experiment, were conducted to study the effects of somatotropin on thermal status of lactating cows under laboratory thermoneutral (18 to 22-degrees-C, 30-50% relative humidity), hot (24-35-degrees-C, 30-50% relative humidity) and cold (-5-+5-degrees-C, 50-55% relative humidity) conditions. Throughout the experiment six cows were injected with somatotropin (25 mg/d) and six with sodium bicarbonate. All injections were started the first day of the 30-d natural environmental period (22-35-degrees-C and 41-97% relative humidity for summer experiment, and -5-+5-degrees-C and 4-25% relative humidity for winter experiment) before the cows were exposed alternatively to laboratory thermoneutral and hot or cold environments. The somatotropin-treated cows had higher energy intake (13 and 17%), heat production (19 and 25%), heat loss (36 and 24%) and milk energy (40 and 49%), than control cows under thermoneutral and hot conditions, respectively. The somatotropin-treated cows had higher heat production (18 and 10%), respiratory heat loss (27 and 17%) and milk energy (14 and 25%) than control cows under thermoneutral and cold conditions, respectively. The increased heat production associated with somatotropin was accompanied by increased heat losses. Part of the increased heat production was attributed to the increased milk energy and energy intake. These results suggest that increased heat production during somatotropin treatment was within the range that could be dissipated by the cows. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NANJING AGR COLL,DEPT ANIM PROD,NANJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,CHESTERFIELD,MO 63198. BOGOR AGR UNIV,FAC VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMCOL,BOGOR,INDONESIA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 121 IS 12 BP 2006 EP 2019 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GR409 UT WOS:A1991GR40900013 PM 1941265 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WT DUFAULT, SN AF JOHNSON, WT DUFAULT, SN TI COPPER DEFICIENCY ALTERS PROTEIN-KINASE-C MEDIATION OF THROMBIN-INDUCED DENSE GRANULE SECRETION FROM RAT PLATELETS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; PLATELETS; SECRETION; PROTEIN KINASE-C ID ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; CERULOPLASMIN; INHIBITORS; RECEPTOR; SERUM; MICE AB Experiments were conducted to determine if copper deficiency enhances the rate of thrombin-induced dense granule secretion by modifying the major signal transduction pathways of rat platelets. Platelets were obtained from male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing either deficient (< 0.5-mu-g/g diet) or adequate (5.5-mu-g/g diet) copper for 5 weeks. Following stimulation with thrombin (0.1 U/mL), the rate of dense granule secretion as measured by ATP release was 160% higher in platelets from copper-deficient than from control rats. Inhibition of the rate of thrombin-induced ATP release by (6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist was independent of copper status. However, 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, inhibited the rate of ATP release only in platelets from copper-deficient rats. Aspirin had no effect on ATP release from platelets obtained from either copper-deficient or control rats. This suggests that copper deficiency alters the role of protein kinase C in regulating dense granule secretion. Analysis of autoradiographs showing [P-32]-labeled platelet proteins indicated that the phosphorylation of a 40 kDa protein, a known substrate for protein kinase C in platelets, was significantly less following thrombin stimulation in platelets from copper-deficient than from control rats. When protein kinase C was activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate prior to thrombin stimulation, ATP release was attenuated regardless of copper status. These findings suggest that protein kinase C can still function as a feedback inhibitor of platelet dense granule secretion in copper deficiency, but impaired activation of this enzyme following thrombin stimulation may prevent it from achieving full regulatory capacity. RP JOHNSON, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 2 IS 12 BP 663 EP 670 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GT063 UT WOS:A1991GT06300005 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JM AF ANDERSON, JM TI JASMONIC ACID-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN IN SOYBEAN TISSUE-CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID BARLEY LEAF SEGMENTS; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; GROWTH; CYTOKININ; LEAVES; LEVEL; CELLS AB Adding jasmonic acid (JA) to autotrophic, photomixotrophic, or heterotrophic suspension cultures of soybean specifically increased the level of the M(r) 30,000 subunit of soybean vegetative storage protein (VSP-30) and a polypeptide at M(r) 18,000 that interacted with antibody raised against VSP. Using photomixotrophic cells, the increase was observed at concentrations as low as 10 nM JA and the increase was evident within 2 h following treatment. Below 10-mu-M, JA did not inhibit growth of the cells but did cause browning at higher concentrations. Other plant growth regulators, including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid, and benzyl adenine, did not alter the level of VSP-30 either in the presence or absence of JA. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me), 3-oxo-2-butyl-cyclopentane-1-acetate, and 3-oxo-2-pentyl-cyclopentane-1-acetate also increased VSP-30 but at higher concentrations than JA. Altering the level of reduced nitrogen or sucrose in the medium did not alter VSP-30 levels in the cells, but at higher sucrose concentrations, sensitivity to JA was reduced. The dramatic increase in VSP-30 elicited by JA appears to be a specific response to the phytohormone. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP ANDERSON, JM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1007/BF02279304 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EP312 UT WOS:A1991EP31200002 ER PT J AU WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M AF WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M TI CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF CATALASE, PEROXIDASE, AND POLYPHENOL OXIDASE IN APPLE BUDS DURING BUD BREAK INDUCED BY THIDIAZURON SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID PLANT BIOREGULATOR; DORMANCY AB The breaking of dormancy in apple buds (Malus domestica Borkh cv. York Imperial) by thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3,-thidiazol-5-ylurea) was investigated in relation to catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities and their isoenzyme patterns. The activity and number of isoenzymic components of catalase increased progressively during bud break, then decreased after buds started to grow. Peroxidase activity was highest during dormancy and declined during bud swell, increased at bud break, and decreased after bud expansion. Several isoperoxidases were observed in gel electrophoresis. Similar patterns were found at different growth stages of apple buds except for one peroxidase isoenzyme, P3, which disappeared 12 days after thidiazuron treatment. There was an inverse relationship between the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase during the development of apple buds. Apple buds have a very similar polyphenol oxidase isoenzyme pattern throughout bud development. However, the appearance and disappearance of minor isoenzymes were also observed. Phloridzin, rutin, p-coumaric, epicatechin, naringin, chlorogenic acid, and catechol were found in apple buds. Among them, phloridzin, rutin, and p-coumaric were the dominant phenolic compounds. Dormant buds contained a high amount of phenolic substances which decreased after bud break (4 days after thidiazuron treatment) then increased until the start of bud expansion. Phenolic compounds are found to be potent modifiers of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity, as both inhibitors and stimulators in apple buds. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF02279308 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EP312 UT WOS:A1991EP31200006 ER PT J AU MAYHEW, IG SMITH, KC DUBEY, JP GATWARD, LK MCGLENNON, NJ AF MAYHEW, IG SMITH, KC DUBEY, JP GATWARD, LK MCGLENNON, NJ TI TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALOMYELITIS DUE TO NEOSPORA-CANINUM IN A LITTER OF PUPPIES SO JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DOGS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PROTOZOAN; DIAGNOSIS AB A case of encephalomyelitis and polyradiculoneuritis caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is described in a 17-week-old bloodhound puppy exhibiting progressive paraplegia. Exposure of the dam and litter to N caninum was confirmed by serological testing for specific antibodies. A successful treatment regimen was employed in a littermate, and in two puppies from a subsequent litter from the same dam, all showing ataxia and hindlimb proprioceptive deficits. C1 ANIM HLTH TRUST,DEPT INFECT DIS,NEWMARKET CB8 7DW,SUFFOLK,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOSIS DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FAIRFIELD HOUSE,UCKFIELD TN22 5DG,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND. RP MAYHEW, IG (reprint author), ANIM HLTH TRUST,DEPT CLIN STUDIES,POB 5,NEWMARKET CB8 7DW,SUFFOLK,ENGLAND. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0022-4510 J9 J SMALL ANIM PRACT JI J. Small Anim. Pract. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 32 IS 12 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00902.x PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GW056 UT WOS:A1991GW05600004 ER PT J AU SIDERS, WA BOLONCHUK, WW LUKASKI, HC AF SIDERS, WA BOLONCHUK, WW LUKASKI, HC TI EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION IN A COLLEGIATE SPORT SEASON ON BODY-COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION AB Fifty-three collegiate athletes (18 female and 35 male) were recruited from university varsity basketball, football, swim, and wrestling team rosters. Body composition was estimated before the beginning and before the end of sport seasons by using hydrodensitometry to determine the effect of participation in competitive sport seasons on the body composition of collegiate athletes. ANOVAs applied to the estimates of body composition indicated that the interaction of sport team by season was significant for body weight, F (5,47) = 3.2, p < 0.05; fat weight, F (5,47) = 5.1, p < 0.01; and fat-free weight, F (5,47) = 2.4, p < 0.05. Only football players did not change in body composition. Wrestlers lost the greatest amount of body weight (3.4 kg). Female and male basketball players, female and male swimmers, and wrestlers lost significant amounts of body fat (2.6, 2.3, 1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 kg, respectively). Female and male basketball players and female and male swimmers gained significant amounts of fat-free weight (2.0, 1.6, 2.4, and 1.8 kg, respectively). It was concluded that participation in a collegiate sport season could affect changes in fat weight and fat-free weight components of body composition but that the nature of the changes are a function of the demands of the sport of participation. RP SIDERS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA HK871 UT WOS:A1991HK87100012 PM 1806736 ER PT J AU WORME, JD LICKTEIG, JA REYNOLDS, RD DEUSTER, PA AF WORME, JD LICKTEIG, JA REYNOLDS, RD DEUSTER, PA TI CONSUMPTION OF A DEHYDRATED RATION FOR 31 DAYS AT MODERATE ALTITUDES - ENERGY INTAKES AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; EXERCISE; CARBOHYDRATE; EXPOSURE; FAT AB Energy intake, body weight, maximal work capacity, and measures of muscle strength and endurance were obtained from eight men who consumed a high-carbohydrate (CHO) dehydrated ration during a 31-day period of high activity at moderate altitudes. Data were collected 2 months before exposure to moderate altitudes (PRE), multiple times during the month's expedition at moderate altitudes (ALT), and after return from the expedition (RET). Work capacity per kilogram of body weight increased significantly from the PRE phase to the ALT phase. Mean energy intake averaged 2,354 +/- 71, 3,430 +/- 79, and 3,384 +/- 117 kcal/day during PRE, ALT, and RET, respectively; mean CHO intake during ALT was 595 +/- 13 g/day. Mean weight loss and reduction in body fat were significant: 1.9 +/- 0.9 kg and 18.9 +/- 10.1%, respectively Energy deficits calculated from changes in body weight and composition during ALT ranged from 473 to 963 kcal/day, whereas the energy deficit estimated from the Harris-Benedict equation was only 194 kcal/day. The rigorous physical activity and exposure to moderate altitudes necessitated a high energy intake, approximating 3,800 kcal/day The results indicate that physical performance and nutritional status are maintained when a high-CHO diet, consisting primarily of commercially available dehydrated foods, is consumed over a 31-day period of rigorous activity However, weight loss and gastrointestinal distress were noted. These events might be minimized when a dehydrated ration is consumed, if dietary fat is substituted for some of the CHO. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MIL MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. CARDINAL STRITCH COLL,DEPT DIETET,FOX POINT,WI 53217. USDA,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1543 EP 1549 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GV640 UT WOS:A1991GV64000009 PM 1960347 ER PT J AU LEVANDER, OA AF LEVANDER, OA TI SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR THE 1989 RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE FOR SELENIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; SELENOPROTEIN-P; HUMAN-NUTRITION; BALANCE; DEFICIENCY; CHINA; SERUM; AREA; MEN AB During the past 15 years, our knowledge of human selenium requirements has improved greatly, primarily because of research conducted in the People's Republic of China. Dietary surveys demonstrated that Keshan disease, a juvenile cardiomyopathy, was absent in parts of China where the food supply provided at least 19 and 13-mu-g selenium per day for men and women, respectively. Such intakes can be regarded as minimum daily requirements for selenium. Chinese scientists also carried out a study in an area where Keshan disease was prevalent to determine the amount of dietary selenium needed to maximize the activity of the selenium-containing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, in plasma. For a man weighing 60 kg, enzymatic activity reached a plateau at selenium intakes of about 40-mu-g per day These data were used by the US National Research Council as the basis for its 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium. The RDA was calculated as 70 and 55-mu-g per day for adult men and women, respectively, after correcting for differences in body size and taking into consideration possible individual variations in requirements. This RDA is readily satisfied by typical diets in countries with relatively selenium-rich soils, such as the United States. In selenium-poor areas of the world (eg, China, New Zealand, Scandinavia), diets would not readily furnish such intakes. RP LEVANDER, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1572 EP 1576 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GV640 UT WOS:A1991GV64000013 PM 1960351 ER PT J AU CHEN, JM FEAIRHELLER, SH BROWN, EM AF CHEN, JM FEAIRHELLER, SH BROWN, EM TI 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS FOR CALF SKIN TYPE-I COLLAGEN TRIPLE HELIX AND MICROFIBRIL .1. THE TRIPLE HELICAL MODELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; FORM AB Molecular modeling methods were applied to the development of three-dimensional structures of Type I collagen triple helices. The initial model was based on a triple helix of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)12. The amino acid sequences of the alpha 1 and 2 chains of calf skin Type I collagen were substituted into the (Gly-Pro-Hyp)12 model. Each type I structure was energy minimized to form all possible stabilizing interactions within the protein. Specific interactions sites which may contribute to the stability of the collagen molecule can be identified in the triple helical models. The models may be used to target potential domains in collagen that contains sites for crosslinking reactions with chromium and other agents; determine what constraints on size, shape and molecular characteristics are likely to describe the optimum crosslinking agents; and suggest the application of which analytical and spectroscopic techniques will give the most rigorous test of the computer models. RP CHEN, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 86 IS 12 BP 475 EP 486 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA HR900 UT WOS:A1991HR90000001 ER PT J AU CHEN, JM FEAIRHELLER, SH BROWN, EM AF CHEN, JM FEAIRHELLER, SH BROWN, EM TI 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS FOR CALF SKIN TYPE-I COLLAGEN TRIPLE HELIX AND MICROFIBRIL .2. THE SMITH MICROFIBRIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL MOLECULAR PACKING; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; FIBRILS AB Molecular modeling methods were applied to the development of a three-dimensional structure for a Type I collagen microfibril model. The model was based on the energy minimized 'Smith' microfibril model containing the consensus polypeptide sequence (Gly-Pro-Hyp)12. The amino acid sequences of the alpha 1 and 2 chains of calf skin Type I collagen were substituted into the collagen-like' (Gly-Pro-Hyp)12 'Smith' microfibril model. The model was then energy minimized using molecular mechanics and evaluated structurally using graphics. Specific interactions sites which may contribute to the stability of collagen packing can be identified in this model. Computer graphics was used to display the Type I 'Smith' microfibril model to determine specific domains containing sites which would facilitate the evaluation of potential crosslinkage agents. The Type I model can be used to suggest domains in collagen that contain possible sites for crosslinkage reactions with chromium and other agents; what constraints on size, shape and molecular characteristics are likely to describe the optimum crosslinkage agents; and the application of which analytical and spectroscopic techniques to real systems will give the most rigorous test of the computer models. RP CHEN, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 86 IS 12 BP 487 EP 497 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA HR900 UT WOS:A1991HR90000002 ER PT J AU SCHRECK, CE AF SCHRECK, CE TI PERMETHRIN AND DIMETHYL PHTHALATE AS TENT FABRIC TREATMENTS AGAINST AEDES-AEGYPTI SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Tests were conducted to determine the persistence of compounds applied to tents to protect against mosquitoes. Interiors of 2 camping tents were treated by the manufacturer-one with the repellent dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and one with the insecticide permethrin. A third tent was untreated. Tents were set up outdoors and exposed to weathering for one year. Weekly tests were conducted by releasing Aedes aegypti into the tents, then recording knockdown (KD) and biting behavior during a 3-h period. Weather data were collected 24 h/day during the study. Year-long mean KD of mosquitoes exposed in the tent to permethrin was 58.6%, to DMP 2.7% and the control 0.9%. Mean biting was 11.9, 43.8 and 58%, respectively. Under constant exposure to weathering, the permethrin-treated tent gave best results with average protection from bites > 96% for 9 months (DMP was < 31%). Although preliminary, the data suggest permethrin would be effective as a tent treatment to reduce annoyance of mosquitoes. RP SCHRECK, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 3 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 533 EP 535 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ479 UT WOS:A1991GZ47900001 PM 1787396 ER PT J AU BENEDICT, MQ COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA AF BENEDICT, MQ COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA TI HEAT-SHOCK MORTALITY AND INDUCED THERMOTOLERANCE IN LARVAE OF THE MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TEMPERATURE; ADAPTATION AB Temperature effects on Anopheles albimanus larval survival were investigated. Larvae were exposed to 30 min heat shocks at various temperatures. Almost no mortality was observed at 40-degrees-C, but was complete at 43-degrees-C. Increased larval thermotolerance could be induced by higher rearing temperature or by a 30 min exposure to 37-degrees-C. RP BENEDICT, MQ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 547 EP 550 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ479 UT WOS:A1991GZ47900004 PM 1787398 ER PT J AU LORD, JC AF LORD, JC TI SUSTAINED-RELEASE PELLETS FOR CONTROL OF CULEX LARVAE WITH BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO LARVAE; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS-2362 SPORES; LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY; STRAIN 1593; EFFICACY; FORMULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; WATER; AGENT AB Bacillus sphaericus was formulated in pellets with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, talc and a starch-based superabsorbent polymer. This formulation increased the residual activity against Culex spp. larvae in large and small plots, including polluted water. When the pellets were applied to dry artificial larval habitats 5 days prior to flooding, the Psorophora columbiae that hatched at the time of flooding were eliminated. After the pools were dried and reflooded, 611 Bacillus colony-forming units/ml were present in the surface water. An equivalent amount of primary powder suspension was ineffective as a preflood treatment, apparently due to solar inactivation of the toxin. RP LORD, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 560 EP 564 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ479 UT WOS:A1991GZ47900007 PM 1787401 ER PT J AU MULLENS, BA HOLBROOK, FR AF MULLENS, BA HOLBROOK, FR TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE GONOTROPHIC CYCLE OF CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK STATE; AGE; USA; SURVIVAL AB The duration of oogenesis and time to oviposition after blood feeding was studied in Culicoides variipennis held at constant laboratory temperatures. As assessed by daily dissection of ovaries, the time required for greater-than-or-equal-to 80% of females to complete egg development at 13, 17, 21, 27, 30 and 34-degrees-C was 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 2 days, respectively. Mean times to oviposition at these temperatures were 13.8, 8.2, 4.9, 3.6, 3.0 and 2.6 days, while modal values were 13, 6, 4, 3, 3 and 3 days, respectively. Allowing 7 days after onset of oviposition in groups of 100-150 females, cumulative eggs laid/live female were 4.4, 62.6, 68.9, 63.5, 66.5 and 62.4, respectively. These data should prove helpful in estimating the duration of the gonotrophic cycle and deriving daily survivorship estimates from seasonal parity studies in the field. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 588 EP 591 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ479 UT WOS:A1991GZ47900012 PM 1787404 ER PT J AU WALKER, KD HUESTON, WD HURD, HS WILESMITH, JW AF WALKER, KD HUESTON, WD HURD, HS WILESMITH, JW TI COMPARISON OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY RISK-FACTORS IN THE UNITED-STATES AND GREAT-BRITAIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSSIBLE THREAT; BELGIAN STOCK; CATTLE; BSE; SCRAPIE C1 UNITED KINGDOM MINIST AGR FISHERIES & FOOD,CENT VET LAB,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,WEYBRIDGE KT15 3NB,SURREY,ENGLAND. RP WALKER, KD (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,ANIM HLTH INFORMAT PROGRAMS,555 S HOWES,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 11 BP 1554 EP 1561 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GR924 UT WOS:A1991GR92400003 PM 1778735 ER PT J AU CUI, ZZ LEE, LF LIU, JL KUNG, HJ AF CUI, ZZ LEE, LF LIU, JL KUNG, HJ TI STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL MAPPING OF THE MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS GENE ENCODING PP38, AN ANTIGEN ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSFORMED-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; PROTEIN KINASE-C; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PHOSPHORYLATED POLYPEPTIDES; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA-SEQUENCE AB The gene encoding a Marek's disease virus (MDV) pp38 phosphoprotein has been identified, sequenced, and localized to the BamHI H fragment to the left of the putative MDV origin of replication. The open reading frame was defined by sequencing of a lacZ-pp38 fusion protein gene from a lambda-gt11 expression library. The entire open reading frame is 290 amino acids long and codes for a protein with a calculated molecular weight of 31,169, compared with the size of 38 kDa of the phosphorylated form estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. S1 nuclease protection analysis showed that the pp38 gene is transcribed leftward as an unspliced mRNA. On the basis of transcriptional mapping studies, the pp38 transcript is predicted to be about 1.8 kb in length without a poly(A) sequence. Its promoter-enhancer region overlaps that of the major rightward BamHI H 1.8-kb transcript implicated in tumor induction. This region contains Oct-1, Sp1, and CCAAT motifs as well as the putative origin of replication. The pp38 protein is the only presently known antigen that is consistently associated with the transformation state. It may play a significant role in MDV transformation. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE,E LANSING,MI 48823. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 46 TC 92 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 65 IS 12 BP 6509 EP 6515 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA GP878 UT WOS:A1991GP87800016 PM 1658357 ER PT J AU LEWIS, SA MORGAN, DO GRUBMAN, MJ AF LEWIS, SA MORGAN, DO GRUBMAN, MJ TI EXPRESSION, PROCESSING, AND ASSEMBLY OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS CAPSID STRUCTURES IN HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS - INDUCTION OF A NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY-RESPONSE IN GUINEA-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; POLIOVIRUS PARTICLES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INSECT CELLS; PROTEIN VP4; EPITOPES AB Plasmids containing the foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein precursor (P1) and 3C protease genes or the P1 gene alone were expressed in Escherichia coli. A recombinant baculovirus containing the P1 gene was also generated and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Expression of the P1 and 3C genes in E. coli resulted in efficient synthesis and processing of the structural protein precursor and assembly into 70S empty capsids. This material reacted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which recognize only conformational epitopes and elicited a significant neutralizing antibody response in vaccinated guinea pigs. Expression of the P1 gene in E. coli resulted in synthesis of an insoluble product, whereas in insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus a soluble product was synthesized. Both soluble and insoluble P1 reacted with a 12S-specific monoclonal antibody, but only soluble P1 elicited a neutralizing antibody response in guinea pigs. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 55 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 65 IS 12 BP 6572 EP 6580 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA GP878 UT WOS:A1991GP87800023 PM 1658362 ER PT J AU HILL, RE ZIMMERMAN, JJ GREVE, JH BERAN, GW AF HILL, RE ZIMMERMAN, JJ GREVE, JH BERAN, GW TI USE OF IVERMECTIN AGAINST SEVERAL NEMATODES IN NATURALLY INFECTED RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE IVERMECTIN; NEMATODES; RACCOONS; PROCYON-LOTOR; INTERNAL PARASITES ID HELMINTH-PARASITES; TENNESSEE; KENTUCKY AB The anthelmintic effectiveness of various dosages of ivermectin administered i.m. was compared in three groups of raccoons (Procyon lotor) naturally infected with nematode parasites. Qualitative fecal examinations were performed before treatment and periodically after treatment using a sucrose flotation technique. Ivermectin was effective against Placoconus lotoris, Capillaria putorii, and Physaloptera sp. at all doses (200-2,000-mu-g/kg body weight) and against C. plica at higher doses (greater-than-or-equal-to 600-mu-g/kg body weight). Ivermectin was incompletely effective against Baylisascaris procyonis and C. procyonis at a dose of 2,000-mu-g/kg body weight. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP HILL, RE (reprint author), USDA,BIOTECHNOL BIOL & ENVIRONM PROTECT ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HA868 UT WOS:A1991HA86800004 ER PT J AU AGUILAR, RF SHAW, DP DUBEY, JP REDIG, P AF AGUILAR, RF SHAW, DP DUBEY, JP REDIG, P TI SARCOCYSTIS-ASSOCIATED ENCEPHALITIS IN AN IMMATURE NORTHERN GOSHAWK (ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE GOSHAWK; ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPUILLUS; SARCOCYSTIS; PROTOZOAN; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; SCHIZONTS AB An immature male northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) with progressive signs of unilateral debilitation and paralysis was euthanized after 7 days of treatment. Necropsy and histopathology revealed a large area of malacia and necrosis of the brain stem. The lesion contained numerous lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and associated protozoal organisms. Morphologically, these organisms were similar to Sarcocystis schizonts. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue revealed positive reaction to Sarcocystis but negative uptake with Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antisera. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET DIAGNOST MED,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP AGUILAR, RF (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,RAPTOR CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 466 EP 469 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HA868 UT WOS:A1991HA86800010 ER PT J AU KORNEGAY, RW PIRIE, G BROWN, CC NEWTON, JC AF KORNEGAY, RW PIRIE, G BROWN, CC NEWTON, JC TI CHROMOBACTERIOSIS (CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM) IN 3 COLOBUS MONKEYS (COLOBUS-POLYKOMOS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM; CHROMOBACTERIOSIS; COLOBUS-POLYKOMOS ID 1ST CASE-REPORT; SEPTICEMIA AB Eleven colobus monkeys (Colobus polykomos) were exhibited as a group in a Louisiana zoo. During one summer, three were either found dead or died after a fulminating illness with lesions of a bacteremia/septicemia. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from the liver of one monkey and from multiple organs and blood of another. Lesions observed in all three monkeys were similar and included severe multifocal acute necrotizing hepatitis, myelitis, splenitis, moderate multifocal acute interstitial pneumonia with severe pulmonary edema, and many intralesional bacteria. C1 GREATER BATON ROUGE ZOO,BAKER,LA 70714. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,NUSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP KORNEGAY, RW (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 476 EP 484 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HA868 UT WOS:A1991HA86800012 ER PT J AU EVANS, GR AF EVANS, GR TI AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FOOD SECURITY IN RELATION TO GLOBAL CHANGE SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Global change has been in the public arena for some time and in the scientific arena for even longer. At the forefront of these public and scientific deliberations are issues of energy, transportation, and industry. However, the potential effects on food and fiber security are likely to be the greatest threat from global change. Fortunately, the human component inherent in agriculture and forestry production systems allows for planning of effective, cost-efficient mitigative and adaptive strategies that will help meet the challenge. RP EVANS, GR (reprint author), USDA,OFF ASSISTANT SECRETARY SCI & EDUC,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 4 BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA HG985 UT WOS:A1991HG98500005 ER PT J AU BURDON, T WALL, RJ SHAMAY, A SMITH, GH HENNIGHAUSEN, L AF BURDON, T WALL, RJ SHAMAY, A SMITH, GH HENNIGHAUSEN, L TI OVER-EXPRESSION OF AN ENDOGENOUS MILK PROTEIN GENE IN TRANSGENIC MICE IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED MAMMARY ALVEOLAR DEVELOPMENT AND A MILCHLOS PHENOTYPE SO MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MAMMARY GLAND; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; DEVELOPMENT; MILCHLOS; GENE EXPRESSION ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; GROWTH FACTOR-BETA; FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIATION; CASEIN GENE; MOUSE MILK; GLAND; PROMOTER; CLONING AB The whey acidic protein (WAP) gene is expressed in mammary epithelial cells at late pregnancy and throughout lactation. We have generated transgenic mice in which a mouse WAP transgene is expressed precociously in pregnancy. From 13 founder mice bearing WAP transgenes, two female founders and the daughters from a male founder failed to lactate and nurture their offspring. We named this phenotype milchlos. Mammary tissue from postpartum milchlos mice was underdeveloped, contained too few alveoli and resembled the glands of non-transgenic mid-pregnant mice. The hypothesis that alveolar development in milchlos mice was functionally arrested in a prelactational state is consistent with low levels of alpha-lactalbumin mRNA, and an unidentified keratin RNA in mammary tissue from postpartum mice. Defects in alveolar function in milchlos mice were detected at mid-pregnancy; in non-transgenic mice, WAP was secreted into the alveolar lumen but remained preferentially in the cytoplasm of the alveolar epithelial cells in the milchlos mice. Since deregulated WAP expression resulted in impaired mammary development, it is possible that WAP plays a regulatory role in the terminal differentiation and development of mammary alveolar cells. C1 NIH,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BLDG 10,RM 9N113,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,TUMOR IMMUNOL & BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4773 J9 MECH DEVELOP JI Mech. Dev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0925-4773(91)90073-F PG 8 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA HC643 UT WOS:A1991HC64300007 PM 1782141 ER PT J AU JOUVENAZ, DP KIMBROUGH, JW AF JOUVENAZ, DP KIMBROUGH, JW TI MYRMECOMYCES-ANNELLISAE GEN-NOV, SP-NOV (DEUTEROMYCOTINA, HYPHOMYCETES), AN ENDOPARASITIC FUNGUS OF FIRE ANTS, SOLENOPSIS SPP (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Two strains of a parasitic fungus, differing only in assimilation of cellobiose and colonial morphology on some media, occur in the haemolymph of fire ants in the United States and Argentina. In the host, obclavate yeast cells bud from a narrow base at the larger pole. A true, septate mycelium without clamp connections readily develops in vitro, and has been observed on rare occasions in the host. The hyphal septum has a simple, central pore. Morphology in insect tissue culture medium closely resembles that in the host; however, in simpler media the cells and hyphae are pleomorphic and often only mycelial. Chlamydospores are produced; otherwise, sporulation has not been observed. The morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics are described, and the fungus is named as a new species, Myrmecomyces annellisae, representing a new genus. Gross pathology, histopathology, or changes in host behaviour have not been observed; however, parasitized hosts appear to succumb more readily to stress. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP JOUVENAZ, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 95 BP 1395 EP 1401 PN 12 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GZ102 UT WOS:A1991GZ10200011 ER PT J AU THORNTON, RN THOMPSON, EJ DUBEY, JP AF THORNTON, RN THOMPSON, EJ DUBEY, JP TI NEOSPORA ABORTION IN NEW-ZEALAND CATTLE SO NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CANINUM INFECTION; DOGS; APICOMPLEXA; CATS AB Protozoal abortion in cattle was retrospectively studied by examining material submitted to the Batchelar Animal Health Laboratory in the years 1987-90. Only cases in which foetal brain had been submitted were examined. Histologically, protozoal lesions were seen in the brains of 28% of 320 aborted foetuses. Lesions were also seen in 10% of the hearts and 34% of the placentas examined, but these were not as characteristic as those in the brains. Protozoa, confirmed immunohistochemically as being Neospora caninum-like in two brains, were seen in 5% of aborted foetuses with lesions. No protozoa or associated lesions were seen in 57 late term foetuses or neonatal controls. A farm survey supported the hypothesis that Neospora is an important cause of multiple abortions in cattle. Laboratory and farm data suggested that protozoal abortion was more common in early gestation. No predisposing causes of abortion were found and there was no evidence of point infection of affected herds. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP THORNTON, RN (reprint author), MINIST AGR & FISHERIES,BATCHELAR ANIM HLTH LAB,POB 1654,PALMERSTON,NEW ZEALAND. NR 21 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY ASSOC INC PI WELLINGTON PA 203-209 WILLIS ST, 6TH FLOOR, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0048-0169 J9 NEW ZEAL VET J JI N. Z. Vet. J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1080/00480169.1991.35679 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HA659 UT WOS:A1991HA65900003 PM 16031639 ER PT J AU CHOI, ESK JACQUES, PF DALLAL, GE JACOB, RA AF CHOI, ESK JACQUES, PF DALLAL, GE JACOB, RA TI CORRELATION OF BLOOD-PRESSURE WITH PLASMA ASCORBIC-ACID SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BLOOD PRESSURE; ASCORBIC ACID AB In a nutrition survey of 247 Chinese Americans (38% men and 62% women) aged 60-96, the mean plasma ascorbic acid was found to be lower than that of white Americans. The association between their blood pressure and plasma ascorbic acid was explored by analysis of covariance and multiple regression, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol and cigarette consumption, dietary Na:K ratio, serum Ca:P ratio and physical activity level. Inverse associations were observed between plasma ascorbic acid and systolic blood pressure (p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < .001). Subjects in the lowest quartile of plasma ascorbic acid had a mean systolic blood pressure which was 17.6 mm Hg higher than those in the highest quartile; their mean diastolic blood pressure was higher by 5.5 mm Hg. We speculate that subclinical vitamin C deficiency may be a risk factor for hypertension in Chinese Americans. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP CHOI, ESK (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED,BOX 5,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1377 EP 1382 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80470-1 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GX256 UT WOS:A1991GX25600004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WT SAARI, JT AF JOHNSON, WT SAARI, JT TI TEMPORAL CHANGES IN HEART SIZE, HEMATOCRIT AND ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE PROTEIN IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; ANEMIA; ERYTHROCYTE; CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY ID ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; GROWING-RAT; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; IRON; CERULOPLASMIN; ANEMIA; SERUM; MICE AB The temporal relationship between Cu depletion and the development of anemia, cardiac hypertrophy and altered erythrocyte membrane protein composition was investigated. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either < 1-mu-g Cu/g (CuD) or 5-mu-g Cu/g (CuA) and sampled at weekly intervals for 6 weeks. Within 2 weeks of dietary treatment, liver Cu concentration, cytochrome c oxidase activity and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity were significantly lower in rats fed CuD than in those fed CuA. Hearts from rats fed CuD exhibited poor Cu accretion from week 3 of dietary treatment onward. Plasma ceruloplasmin and Cu concentration remained lower in rats fed CuD than in those fed CuA throughout the 6 weeks of dietary treatment. Reduction of plasma Fe occurred in week 1, reduction of heart Fe in week 3 and increase of liver Fe in week 5 in CuD-fed rats. Anemia, characterized by lowered hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and increased red cell distribution width, developed within 2 weeks in rats fed CuD. The abnormal appearance of a 170 kDa protein was not apparent in erythrocyte membranes of CuD-fed rats until after week 3 of dietary treatment. Cardiac hypertrophy of CuD-fed rats, as indicated by higher heart weights and heart weight/body weight ratios, appeared at week 3 of dietary treatment. The relatively smaller increases in per cent heart water did not occur until week 6 of Cu deficiency. We conclude from the above temporal changes that: changes in blood iron status in CuD-fed rats parallel hematocrit-hemoglobin changes and may therefore be related to them; the changes in erythrocyte membrane protein that we observed are not likely to be the cause of anemia; anemia of Cu deficiency precedes cardiac hypertrophy and therefore could play a role in its development; changes in enzymes which could make Cu-deficient animals vulnerable to oxidative damage occur soon enough to be a possible cause of either anemia or cardiac hypertrophy. RP JOHNSON, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1403 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80473-7 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GX256 UT WOS:A1991GX25600007 ER PT J AU MEDEIROS, DM FAILLA, ML SCHOENEMANN, HM OVECKA, GD AF MEDEIROS, DM FAILLA, ML SCHOENEMANN, HM OVECKA, GD TI MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MYOCARDIUM FROM COPPER-DEFICIENT PIGS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; HEART; PIG; MITOCHONDRIA; MYOFIBRILS; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID ABNORMALITIES; RATS AB Volume densities and ultrastructure of mitochondria and myofibrils from hearts of copper-deficient pigs were evaluated in two studies. Weaned male pigs (21 d of age) were fed purified diets with adequate copper (Study 1: 7.1 mg Cu/Kg, n = 4; Study 2: 8.4 mg Cu/Kg, n = 6) or no copper added (Study 1: 1.2 mg Cu/kg, n = 4; Study 2: 0.84 mg Cu/Kg, n = 5). Pigs in both studies fed the copper-deficient diet developed symptoms of copper deficiency, including decreased levels of the micronutrient in liver, heart and plasma, and increased heart to body weight ratio. Morphometric evaluation revealed a significant increase in mitochondrial volume density and in the ratio of mitochondria to myofibril volume densities in copper-deficient hearts. The myofibril volume density and the heart to body weight ratio was positively correlated in study 1, suggesting that the enlarged hearts of the Cu deficient pigs were due to an increase in the volumes of both mitochondria and myofibril compartments. Mitochondria in areas appeared vacuolated and cristae were fragmented in the copper-deficient pig myocardium as opposed to the normal parallel array of these structures. Separated myofilaments and deposits of glycogen granules were also evident in the copper-deficient pig heart. These results suggest that copper-deficiency alters the ultrastructural characteristics of the pig heart in a similar manner as previously reported for the laboratory rat. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT HOME ECON,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP MEDEIROS, DM (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD MANAGEMENT,265 CAMPBELL HALL,1787 NEIL AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. OI Medeiros, Denis/0000-0002-3848-2071 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1439 EP 1450 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80476-2 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GX256 UT WOS:A1991GX25600010 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI NUTRITION REVIEWS ONE-HALF CENTURY - AN APPRECIATION SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 49 IS 12 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GX862 UT WOS:A1991GX86200001 PM 1800914 ER PT J AU WERNINGHAUS, K HANDJANI, RM GILCHREST, BA AF WERNINGHAUS, K HANDJANI, RM GILCHREST, BA TI PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL IN CARRIER LIPOSOMES ON ULTRAVIOLET-MEDIATED HUMAN EPIDERMAL-CELL DAMAGE INVITRO SO PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-E; TOCOPHEROL; PHOTOPROTECTION; KERATINOCYTE; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; LIPOSOME ID CHRONIC SKIN DAMAGE; VITAMIN-E; HAIRLESS MOUSE; BETA-CAROTENE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; RADIATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; FIBROBLASTS; SENSITIVITY; PROTEIN AB We have examined the postulated protective effect of antioxidants against ultraviolet (UV)-induced epidermal damage in an in vitro model system using either a well-differentiated human squamous cell carcinoma line SCC12F2 or human newborn keratinocytes. Cell were maintained in a serum-free defined medium only or with carrier liposomes (LPs) alone or LPs containing 1-mu-g/ml alpha-tocopherol (AT/LP) or 1-mu-g/ml alpha-tocopherol in oil (AT) alone. Cultures were irradiated once using a dose of solar-simulated light (25 mJ/cm2, metered at 285 nm) determined in preliminary studies to decrease cell yields after 72 h by approximately 50% compared with sham-irradiated controls under basal conditions. Compared with their LP control, UV-irradiated AT/LP-treated SCC cells were significantly protected by an average of 25% against UV-mediated cell death or growth arrest as determined by the ratio of 72-h cell yields for UV-irradiated versus sham-irradiated cells. Ratios for cells treated with AT, LPs alone, or AT/LP did not differ significantly from those for untreated cells. Newborn keratinocytes had higher overall ratios of cell yields for UV-irradiated vs sham-irradiated cells, but results were otherwise similar, with AT/LP again providing significant protection, averaging 29%, compared with LP controls. UV irradiation of cells in basal medium induced the gene for heat shock protein (HSP 70), presumed to be involved in cellular response to stress; and keratinocytes treated with alpha-tocopherol in carrier liposomes showed a further increase in expression of HSP 70. We conclude that this in vitro system can be used to quantify UV-mediated epidermal cell damage and degree of photoprotection provided by various agents. Specifically, the data support a protective effect for alpha-tocopherol in liposomes compared with the carrier liposome preparation alone. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,80 E CONCORD ST,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155. LOREAL LABS RECH APPL & DEV,CHEVILLY LARUE,FRANCE. NR 43 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-4383 J9 PHOTODERMATOL PHOTO JI Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 8 IS 6 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA JC560 UT WOS:A1991JC56000003 PM 1823148 ER PT J AU REPIC, RL LEE, JK MAUSEL, PW ESCOBAR, DE EVERITT, JH AF REPIC, RL LEE, JK MAUSEL, PW ESCOBAR, DE EVERITT, JH TI AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED WATER PARAMETERS IN SURFACE COAL-MINES USING MULTISPECTRAL VIDEOGRAPHY SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The spectral sensitivity of multispectral video data as a means to provide insight into selected water parameters in abandoned coal mine lakes affected by acid mine drainage is evaluated. Three-band multispectral video data - yellow-green (YG, 0.543 to 0.562-mu-m), red (R, 0.644 to 0.656-mu-m), and near infrared (IR, 0.815 to 0.827-mu-m) - were acquired over two small abandoned surface coal mine lakes in western Clay County, Indiana. Fourteen water samples collected from the water surface (0 to 4 cm) were analyzed to obtain data on iron ion (Fe + +) content and related pH measurements. The spectral response values (digital counts) of the video data for each band were correlated with iron ion content and pH to determine the ability of the individual video bands to detect varying degrees of acidity and iron ion concentration in the mine lakes. Among the three narrow bands of multispectral video data, the yellow-green band exhibited the highest correlation (r) with acidity (-0.69) and iron ion content (0.62). C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP REPIC, RL (reprint author), INDIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG & GEOL,TERRE HAUTE,IN 47809, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1589 EP 1596 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GR834 UT WOS:A1991GR83400005 ER PT J AU JORIA, PE AHEARN, SC CONNOR, M AF JORIA, PE AHEARN, SC CONNOR, M TI A COMPARISON OF THE SPOT AND LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION IN MICHIGAN SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FORESTS AB The task of monitoring gypsy moth defoliation is becoming more difficult as the area of defoliation increases. The gypsy moth is now established throughout much of the northeastern U.S. and in Michigan, the site of this study. Defoliation in Michigan occurred on over 120,000 hectares in 1989, with a larger area anticipated for 1990. It is imperative that a monitoring system be able to collect information over these increasingly larger areas in a short time period and at relatively frequent intervals. In this paper we examine and compare two satellite systems-SPOT and the Landsat Thematic Mapper-for their efficacy in discriminating two levels of defoliation, moderate and severe, and non-defoliation. This comparison is done with the aid of a forest/non-forest mask to reduce the confusion between defoliated areas and non-forested areas. An interpretation of optical bar photography and limited ground data were used as reference. Comparisons were made by calculating the probable overlap among the three classes (severe, moderate, and non-defoliated) using Mahalanobis distance, and with supervised and unsupervised classifications. Results indicated that Landsat TM provided greater separability of the three classes. The Landsat TM classification had an 82 percent agreement with the reference data used in the study. C1 US FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP JORIA, PE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,REMOTE SENSING LAB,1530 N CLEVELAND AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1605 EP 1612 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GR834 UT WOS:A1991GR83400009 ER PT J AU NEDBAL, L GIBAS, C WHITMARSH, J AF NEDBAL, L GIBAS, C WHITMARSH, J TI LIGHT SATURATION CURVES SHOW COMPETENCE OF THE WATER SPLITTING COMPLEX IN INACTIVE PHOTOSYSTEM-II REACTION CENTERS SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PHOTOSYSTEM-II; INACTIVE PHOTOSYSTEM-II; WATER OXIDATION; ANTENNA SIZE ID DIFFERENT RECOMBINATION PROPERTIES; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; PRIMARY ACCEPTORS; INDUCED OXIDATION; PHOTOINHIBITION; HETEROGENEITY; QUANTITATION; TURNOVER AB Photosystem II complexes of higher plants are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. While the only clearly defined structural difference is that Photosystem II reaction centers are served by two distinct antenna sizes, several types of functional heterogeneity have been demonstrated. Among these is the observation that in dark-adapted leaves of spinach and pea, over 30% of the Photosystem II reaction centers are unable to reduce plastoquinone to plastoquinol at physiologically meaningful rates. Several lines of evidence show that the impaired reaction centers are effectively inactive, because the rate of oxidation of the primary quinone acceptor, Q(A), is 1000 times slower than in normally active reaction centers. However, there are conflicting opinions and data over whether inactive Photosystem II complexes are capable of oxidizing water in the presence of certain artificial electron acceptors. In the present study we investigated whether inactive Photosystem II complexes have a functional water oxidizing system in spinach thylakoid membranes by measuring the flash yield of water oxidation products as a function of flash intensity. At low flash energies (less than 10% saturation), selected to minimize double turnovers of reaction centers, we found that in the presence of the artificial quinone acceptor, dichlorobenzoquinone (DCBQ), the yield of proton release was enhanced 20 +/- 2% over that observed in the presence of dimethylbenzoquinone (DMBQ). We argue that the extra proton release is from the normally inactive Photosystem II reaction centers that have been activated in the presence of DCBQ, demonstrating their capacity to oxidize water in repetitive flashes, as concluded by Graan and Ort (Biochim Biophys Acta (1986) 852:320-330). The light saturation curves indicate that the effective antenna size of inactive reaction centers is 55 +/- 12% the size of active Photosystem II centers. Comparison of the light saturation dependence of steady state oxygen evolution in the presence of DCBQ or DMBQ support the conclusion that inactive Photosystem II complexes have a functional water oxidation system. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP NEDBAL, L (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. OI Gibas, Cynthia/0000-0002-1288-9543 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1007/BF00042006 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HH414 UT WOS:A1991HH41400003 PM 24415257 ER PT J AU CURE, JD RUFTY, TW ISRAEL, DW AF CURE, JD RUFTY, TW ISRAEL, DW TI ASSIMILATE RELATIONS IN SOURCE AND SINK LEAVES DURING ACCLIMATION TO A CO2-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ACCLIMATION; ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING; CO2 ENRICHMENT; GLYCINE-MAX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SINK LEAVES; SOURCE LEAVES; SOYBEAN ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-STRESS; STARCH FORMATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; SEED YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; TRANSLOCATION; NITROGEN; PLANTS AB Evidence from previous studies suggested that adjustments in assimilate formation and partitioning in leaves might occur over time when plants are exposed to enriched atmospheric CO2. We examined assimilate relations of source (primary unifoliolate) and developing sink (second mainstem trifoliolate) leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Lee] plants for 12 days after transfer from a control (350-mu-l l-1) to a high (700-mu-l l-1) CO2 environment. Similar responses were evident in the two leaf types. Net CO2 exchange rate (CER) immediately increased and remained elevated in high CO2. Initially, the additional assimilate at high CO2 levels in the light and was utilized in the subsequent dark period. After approximately 7 days, assimilate export in the light began to increase and by 12 days reached rates 3 to 5 times that of the control. In the developing sink leaf, high rates of export in the light occurred as the leaf approached full expansion. The results indicate that a specific acclimation process occurs in source leaves which increases the capacity for assimilate export in the light phase of the diurnal cycle as plants adjust to enriched CO2 and a more rapid growth rate. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27706. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 4 BP 687 EP 695 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HB080 UT WOS:A1991HB08000024 ER PT J AU NEMEC, S JABAJIHRE, S CHAREST, PM AF NEMEC, S JABAJIHRE, S CHAREST, PM TI ELISA AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF FUSARIUM SOLANI-PRODUCED NAPHTHAZARIN TOXINS IN CITRUS TREES IN FLORIDA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISOMARTICIN; PHYTOTOXINS ID ROUGH LEMON CITRUS; ROOTS; BLIGHT AB Naphthazarin toxins of Fusarium solani were detected by competitive ELISA analysis in xylem fluid of roots rotted by F. solani and symptomless scaffold roots and branches of healthy-appearing and diseased citrus trees in ridge and flatwoods Florida groves. Studies concentrated on blight, a wilt disease with an undefined cause and etiology, to determine if F. solani is a causal factor of the disease. Healthy-appearing roots of trees with blight symptoms in six groves contained up to 11.4 times more toxin than roots of healthy trees in the same groves. In blight-diseased trees from these groves, median toxin values per root and the percentage of roots positive for toxin were higher than for healthy trees. Root-rotted roots from blight-diseased trees in two groves contained 112 and 3.4 times more toxin than healthy-appearing roots from the diseased trees. In two groves, one containing tristeza-diseased trees and the other foot rot-diseased trees, toxin concentrations were greater in diseased compared with healthy trees only in the foot rot site. Toxin concentrations were not different in healthy-appearing roots of healthy tangerine and sweet orange trees on Citrus limon 'Milam' in adjacent groves in a burrowing nematode site. Significantly more toxin was present in branches of blight than in healthy trees in two of three groves. In fibrous roots infected by F. solani, immunocytochemical localization of naphthazarins was present in fungal cell walls and associated electron-dense substances on the outer surface of the hyphae. In the fungal cytoplasm, the toxin was localized in nonmembrane-bound electron-lucent areas. The presence of naphthazarin toxins in blight-diseased trees as well as those with other diseases suggests the nonspecificity of F. solani pathogenic activity on various rootstocks. Therefore, in situ toxin concentrations high enough to trigger pathogenic effects in susceptible rootstocks may be required to cause blight. C1 UNIV LAVAL,DEPT PHYTOL,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP NEMEC, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1497 EP 1503 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1497 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU946 UT WOS:A1991GU94600005 ER PT J AU BAKER, CJ ONEILL, NR KEPPLER, LD ORLANDI, EW AF BAKER, CJ ONEILL, NR KEPPLER, LD ORLANDI, EW TI EARLY RESPONSES DURING PLANT-BACTERIA INTERACTIONS IN TOBACCO CELL-SUSPENSIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID K+/H+ EXCHANGE; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; SYRINGAE; ACTIVATION; INFLUX AB Bacteria that induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco leaves initiate a net uptake of extracellular H+ and a net increase in extracellular K+ in tobacco suspension cells. Other studies have shown that these interactions also result in a transient increase in lipid peroxidation and O2- production. The relationships between these early plant responses were studied simultaneously using suspension-cultured tobacco cells and compatible, incompatible, and saprophytic bacteria. The bathing medium was monitored during a 6-h period for pH, conductivity, [K+], and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. In all bacterial treatments, an immediate increase in chemiluminescence and pH occurred within 30 min after addition of the bacteria. After about 2 h a second increase in pH, conductivity, [K+], and chemiluminescence occurred with incompatible bacteria. The first response appears nonspecific, while the second response appears to depend on the host/pathogen incompatibility. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,QUAL & ENHANCEMENT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BAKER, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1504 EP 1507 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1504 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU946 UT WOS:A1991GU94600006 ER PT J AU BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL MAAS, JL AF BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL MAAS, JL TI ISOZYME COMPARISONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF COLLETOTRICHUM SPECIES PATHOGENIC TO STRAWBERRY SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOEOSPORIOIDES AB Presently there is uncertainty about the appropriate taxonomic classification of species of Colletotrichum infecting strawberry. Some workers consider C. fragariae part of the highly variable species C. gloeosporioides, whereas others feel they should be separate. The strawberry pathogens C. acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides were successfully distinguished by means of comparing isozymes for 12 enzymes and 14 putative isozyme loci. The intraspecific coefficients of similarity (CS) based on the 12 enyzmes and 14 loci were 1.00 for C. acutatum (maximum possible = 1.00), 1.00 for C. fragariae, and 0.80 for C. gloeosporioides. Intraspecific CS values indicated little variation in C. acutatum and C. fragariae; however there was considerable variation in C. gloeosporioides. The interspecific CS comparing C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides was relatively low (0.42), suggesting C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides are distinct species. The considerably higher CS of 0.77 when comparing C. acutatum and C gloeosporioides suggests that they are more closely related. C. coccodes (= C. atramentarium) and C. trifolii also were included in the comparison. Neither exhibited intraspecific isozyme variation and further demonstrated the great potential for isozyme analysis to identify Colletotrichum species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BONDE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FT DETRICK BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1523 EP 1528 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1523 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU946 UT WOS:A1991GU94600010 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, FE ROWE, DE AF CALLAHAN, FE ROWE, DE TI USE OF A HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION SYSTEM TO TEST WHETHER OXALIC-ACID IS THE SOLE PATHOGENIC DETERMINANT IN THE EXUDATE OF SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELECTROELUTION OF PROTEINS; SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ID SELECTION AB A host-pathogen interaction system was used to test the hypothesis that oxalic acid is the sole pathogenic determinant in the exudate of Sclerotinia trifoliorum. The system allowed exposure of germinating alfalfa seedlings (Medicago sativa) to continuously produced fungal exudate without physical contact with the fungus. Blockage of diffusion of macromolecular components (> 3,500 mol wt) of the exudate without alteration of oxalic acid levels reduced the observed inhibition of alfalfa radicle length by 40-50%. Such results indicate that in this system oxalic acid is not the sole inhibitory factor and that other, yet unidentified, macromolecular components share a codeterminant role in the observed inhibitory effect. The techniques described should be generally applicable to characterization of exudates of other pathogenic fungi or bacteria that are cultured on solid media, while allowing flexibility in design of pertinent bioassays. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP CALLAHAN, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,COTTON HOST PLANT RESISTANCE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1546 EP 1550 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1546 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU946 UT WOS:A1991GU94600014 ER PT J AU SOMERS, DE SHARROCK, RA TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH AF SOMERS, DE SHARROCK, RA TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH TI THE HY3 LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS IS DEFICIENT IN PHYTOCHROME-B SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID AVENA-SATIVA L; IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; FAR-RED LIGHT; PHOTOMORPHOGENETIC MUTANTS; ETIOLATED AVENA; RNA-POLYMERASE; GREEN TISSUE; WILD-TYPE; THALIANA; EXPRESSION AB The six long hypocotyl (hy) complementation groups of Arabidopsis (hy1, hy2, hy3, hy4, hy5, and hy6) share the common feature of an elongated hypocotyl when grown in white light. The varied responses of these mutants to irradiations of differing wavelengths have suggested that some of the lines may lack elements of the phytochrome signal transduction pathway. We have performed immunoblot and RNA gel blot analyses of the multiple types of phytochrome present in wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis and provide evidence that mutations at the HY3 locus cause a specific deficiency in phytochrome B. Using an Escherichia coli overexpression system, we have developed and identified monoclonal antibodies that selectively recognize phytochromes A, B, and C from Arabidopsis. In wild-type plants, phytochrome A is highly abundant in etiolated tissue, but rapidly decreases about 200-fold upon illumination. Phytochromes B and C are present at much lower levels in etiolated tissue but are unaffected by up to 24 hr of red light illumination, and together predominate in green seedlings. These data establish that phytochromes B and C are "type 2" or photostable phytochromes. Levels of phytochromes A, B, and C similar to those of the wild type are observed in strains containing mutations at the HY4 and HY5 loci. In contrast, all four hy3 mutant alleles tested here exhibit a modest (twofold to threefold) reduction in phyB transcript and a severe (20- to 50-fold) deficiency in phyB-encoded protein, relative to levels in wild-type plants. The levels of phyA- and phyC-encoded mRNA and protein, however, are indistinguishable from the wild type in these mutants. We conclude that the phenotype conferred by hy3 is due to the reduced levels of the light-stable phytochrome B. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRES,ALBANY,CA 94710. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 66 TC 279 Z9 284 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 1991 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1263 EP 1274 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA GY223 UT WOS:A1991GY22300003 ER PT J AU WAGNER, D TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH AF WAGNER, D TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH TI OVEREXPRESSION OF PHYTOCHROME-B INDUCES A SHORT HYPOCOTYL PHENOTYPE IN TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID AVENA-SATIVA L; IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; THALIANA L HEYNH; ETIOLATED AVENA; GREEN AVENA; PHOTOMORPHOGENETIC MUTANTS; 124-KILODALTON PHYTOCHROME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; LIGHT AB The photoreceptor phytochrome is encoded by a small multigene family in higher plants. phyA encodes the well-characterized etiolated-tissue phytochrome. The product of the phyB gene, which has properties resembling those of "green tissue" phytochrome, is as yet poorly characterized. We have developed a phytochrome B overexpression system for analysis of the structure and function of this protein. Using newly generated polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that are selective for phytochrome B, we have demonstrated high levels of expression of full-length rice and Arabidopsis phytochrome B under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis. The overexpressed phytochrome is spectrally active, undergoes red/far-red-light-dependent conformational changes, is synthesized in its inactive red light-absorbing form, and is stable in the light. Overexpression of phytochrome B is tightly correlated with a short hypocotyl phenotype in transgenic seedlings. This phenotype is strictly light dependent, thus providing direct evidence that phytochrome B is a biologically functional photoreceptor. Based on similarities to phenotypes obtained by overexpression of phytochrome A, it appears that phytochromes A and B can control similar responses in the plant. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Wagner, Doris/0000-0003-4656-2490 NR 71 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 1991 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1275 EP 1288 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA GY223 UT WOS:A1991GY22300004 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, JH GOTTWALD, TR AF GRAHAM, JH GOTTWALD, TR TI RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ON ERADICATION OF CITRUS BACTERIAL DISEASES IN FLORIDA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; CANKER; NURSERIES; ARGENTINA; STRAINS; SPOT; SURVIVAL; SOIL C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP GRAHAM, JH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1193 EP 1200 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800001 ER PT J AU YANG, SM DOWLER, WM JOHNSON, DR AF YANG, SM DOWLER, WM JOHNSON, DR TI COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR SELECTING FUNGI PATHOGENIC TO LEAFY SPURGE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ALTERNARIA AB Studies were conducted to compare six inoculation methods for preliminary screening of potential fungal biocontrol agents for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). The six inoculation methods included 1) applying spore suspensions to surface-disinfested, detached leaves of leafy spurge in petri dishes; 2) applying spore suspensions to untreated, detached leaves of leafy spurge in petri dishes; 3) applying spore suspensions to untreated leaves on intact plants of leafy spurge; 4) placing a block of agar with mycelium (ABM) on surface-disinfested, detached leaves in petri dishes; 5) placing an ABM on untreated, detached leaves in petri dishes; and 6) placing an ABM on leaves of intact leafy spurge plants. Of 200 fungal isolates in 16 genera, 27, 16, 4, 82, 70, and 10% induced symptoms on leafy spurge using methods 1-6, respectively. Not all pathogenic isolates were identified by methods 1-3 because the spore suspensions did not stay on the leaves readily. Methods 4 and 5 often identified the weak pathogens because the detached leaves were kept at conditions optimum for infection. Method 6 identified the highly pathogenic isolates and was dependable, easy, effective, and rapid. The upper 20 leaves on leafy spurge reacted consistently to pathogenic isolates. Method 6 is now used routinely in our laboratory for preliminary screening of pathogens of leafy spurge and has been used to select several potential biocontrol isolates for further studies. RP YANG, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FT DETRICK BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1201 EP 1203 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800002 ER PT J AU OSTRY, ME PIJUT, PM SKILLING, DD AF OSTRY, ME PIJUT, PM SKILLING, DD TI SCREENING LARCH INVITRO FOR RESISTANCE TO MYCOSPHAERELLA-LARICINA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STATES AB Needle blight of larch caused by Mycosphaerella laricina seriously limits the productivity of susceptible trees in the north central and northeastern United States. Adventitious shoots, derived from cotyledon tissue culture, of selected European larch (Larix decidua) and a hybrid larch were inoculated in vitro with three isolates of M. laricina. Inoculation with any of the three isolates resulted in disease severity ratings similar to resistance rankings of seedlings in field trials. Tissue-cultured shoots showed evidence of infection within 3 wk after in vitro inoculation. Thus, in vitro screening offers a reliable system for determining the resistance of larch from various seed lots to infection by M. laricina within a few weeks rather than the years required in the field. RP OSTRY, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1222 EP 1224 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800007 ER PT J AU POWERS, HR SNOW, G LIN, D HUBBES, M AF POWERS, HR SNOW, G LIN, D HUBBES, M TI ISOZYME ANALYSIS AS AN INDICATOR OF SYNONYMY OF THE CAUSAL AGENTS OF GALL RUST ON SAND AND VIRGINIA PINE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CRONARTIUM AB Isozyme patterns of homogenized aeciospores of Cronartium quercuum from sand pine and Virginia pine were identical and unlike patterns for aeciospores from loblolly, jack, or shortleaf pines, which also differ from each other. These results, together with those of previous inoculation tests, are evidence that strains of C. quercuum from sand and Virginia pine should be assigned the same special form classification, C. quercuum f. sp. virginianae. C1 UNIV TORONTO, FAC FORESTRY, TORONTO M5S 1A1, ONTARIO, CANADA. US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, GULFPORT, MS 39503 USA. RP POWERS, HR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1225 EP 1227 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800008 ER PT J AU HIBBEN, CR SINCLAIR, WA DAVIS, RE ALEXANDER, JH AF HIBBEN, CR SINCLAIR, WA DAVIS, RE ALEXANDER, JH TI RELATEDNESS OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ASH YELLOWS AND LILAC WITCHES-BROOM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WHITE ASH; DISEASE; DECLINE AB The mycoplasmal diseases ash yellows (AshY) and lilac witches-broom (LWB) were diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and the DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2HCl) fluorescence test in 12 taxa of Fraxinus and 35 taxa of Syringa, respectively, at the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, MA. AshY and LWB also occurred together in other arboreta in the United States and Canada. Ash mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) were transmitted to lilacs, and lilac MLOs were transmitted to ash by dodder (Cuscuta spp.). Ash and lilac MLOs caused identical symptoms in ash, lilac, periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), and carrot (Daucus carota). DNA from diseased lilac or ash from diverse locations and from periwinkle infected with AshY or LWB MLOs hybridized with a biotin-labeled cloned DNA probe that detects AshY MLOs specifically. DNA from healthy ash, lilac, or periwinkle or from periwinkle infected with two other plant MLOs did not hybridize with the AshY-specific probes. Thus, the lilac and ash MLOs are similar and possibly identical. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. HARVARD UNIV,ARNOLD ARBORETUM,BOSTON,MA 02130. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HIBBEN, CR (reprint author), BROOKLYN BOT GARDEN RES CTR,OSSINING,NY 10562, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1227 EP 1230 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800009 ER PT J AU KUMAR, J KAISER, WJ HANNAN, RM AF KUMAR, J KAISER, WJ HANNAN, RM TI DAMPING-OFF RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ANTHOCYANIN; GARBANZO BEANS; GRAM ID PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; PEA SEED; ROT AB Association of resistance to preemergence damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and gene P for flower and seed coat color was studied in two crosses of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), kabuli line C 104, and desi lines T3(GW) and P 436-2 made at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Evaluations were performed under greenhouse conditions. Resistance was found to be inherited polygenically. Gene P appeared to be closely linked to the resistance. Kabuli segregants with reduced susceptibility were identified in both crosses, which indicates that linkage between gene P and genes for resistance to P. ultimum can be broken. C1 USDA ARS, REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP KUMAR, J (reprint author), INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP, PATANCHERU 502324, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1244 EP 1245 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800013 ER PT J AU GITAITIS, RD CHANG, CJ SIJAM, K DOWLER, CC AF GITAITIS, RD CHANG, CJ SIJAM, K DOWLER, CC TI A DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM FOR SEMISELECTIVE ISOLATION OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA AND OTHER CELLULOLYTIC XANTHOMONADS FROM VARIOUS NATURAL SOURCES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE MEDIUM; AGAR MEDIUM; TOMATO; SOIL; SYRINGAE; SEEDS; TRANSPLANTS; BACTERIA AB A semiselective medium (CMC-E) was more effective than Tween medium B agar or nutrient agar for recovery of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria from the environment or plant material. The selectivity of CMC-E medium was from the sodium salt of high-viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose as the primary carbon source and gelatin as the sole source of nitrogen. Additional selectivity was from the incorporation of eosin Y, methylene blue, bacitracin, cephalexin, cycloheximide, 5-fluorouracil, neomycin sulfate, and tobramycin. Colonies of cellulolytic Xanthomonas spp. on CMC-E were circular, flat, reddish purple, and distinct from those of most other bacterial species because they were in the center of saucer-shaped pits formed in the carboxymethyl cellulose-agar gel. Plating efficiencies for strains of Xanthomonas on CMC-E varied from 0 to 111%, but for most strains, the efficiencies were high enough to permit quantitative studies. By use of CMC-E, X. c. vesicatoria was recovered from pepper seed, irrigation water, and air samples. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV PERTANIAN MALAYSIA,DEPT PLANT PROTECT,SERDANG 43400,MALAYSIA. USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP GITAITIS, RD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1274 EP 1278 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ768 UT WOS:A1991GQ76800020 ER PT J AU WONGVEGA, L BURKE, JJ ALLEN, RD AF WONGVEGA, L BURKE, JJ ALLEN, RD TI ISOLATION AND SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF A CDNA THAT ENCODES PEA MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; CDNA; MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSIT PEPTIDE; PISUM-SATIVUM L ID PISUM-SATIVUM; CLONING; MAIZE C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79410. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1274 DI 10.1007/BF00028746 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GQ542 UT WOS:A1991GQ54200018 PM 1932701 ER PT J AU WILSON, BJ GRAY, AC MATTHEWS, BF AF WILSON, BJ GRAY, AC MATTHEWS, BF TI BIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN IN CARROT CONTAINS BOTH ASPARTOKINASE AND HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITIES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; LYSINE-SENSITIVE ASPARTOKINASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ASPARTATE KINASE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; GENE; PURIFICATION; SUBUNITS; ENZYMES AB We have purified homoserine dehydrogenase to homogeneity and subjected polypeptide fragments derived from digests of the protein to amino acid sequencing. The amino acid sequence of homoserine dehydrogenase from carrot (Daucus carota) indicates that in carrot both aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase activities reside on the same protein. Additional evidence that aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase reside on a bifunctional protein is provided by coelution of activities during purification steps and by enzyme-specific gel staining techniques. Highly purified fractions containing aspartokinase activity were stained for aspartokinase activity, homoserine dehydrogenase activity, and protein. These gels confirmed that aspartokinase activity and homoserine dehydrogenase activity were present on the same protein. This arrangement of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase activities residing on the same protein is also found in Escherichia coli, which has two bifunctional enzymes, aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I and aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenase II. The amino acid sequence of the major form of homoserine dehydrogenase from carrot cell suspension cultures most closely resembles that of the E. coli ThrA gene product aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MATTHEWS, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1323 EP 1328 DI 10.1104/pp.97.4.1323 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU884 UT WOS:A1991GU88400008 PM 16668550 ER PT J AU BLANK, A MCKEON, TA AF BLANK, A MCKEON, TA TI 3 RNASES IN SENESCENT AND NONSENESCENT WHEAT LEAVES - CHARACTERIZATION BY ACTIVITY STAINING IN SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; RIBONUCLEASE; NUCLEASE; ENZYMES AB We have described three RNases in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring) and developed assays for measuring each RNase individually in crude leaf extracts. We initially used activity staining in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to characterize RNases in extracts of primary and flag leaves. We thus identified acid RNase (EC 3.1.27.1, here designated RNase WL(A)), and two apparently novel enzymes, designated RNases WL(B) and WL(C). RNase WL(B) activity displays a distinctive isozyme pattern, a molecular mass of 26 kilodaltons (major species), a broad pH range with an optimum near neutrality, insensitivity to EDTA, and stimulation by moderate concentrations of KCl and by MgCl2. RNase WL(C) activity exhibits a molecular mass of 27 kilodaltons, a neutral pH optimum, insensitivity to EDTA, and inhibition by KCl, MgCl2, and tri-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. Based on distinctive catalytic properties established in gels, we designed conventional solution assays for selective quantitation of each RNase activity. We used the assays to monitor the individual RNases after gel filtration chromatography and native gel electrophoresis of extracts. In accompanying work, we used the assays to monitor RNases WL(A), WL(B), and WL(C), which are present in senescent and nonsenescent leaves, during the course of leaf senescence. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP MCKEON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1408 DI 10.1104/pp.97.4.1402 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU884 UT WOS:A1991GU88400021 PM 16668563 ER PT J AU BLANK, A MCKEON, TA AF BLANK, A MCKEON, TA TI EXPRESSION OF 3 RNASE ACTIVITIES DURING NATURAL AND DARK-INDUCED SENESCENCE OF WHEAT LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We have monitored the activities of RNases WL(A), WL(B) and WL(C) (A Blank, TA McKeon [1991] Plant Physiol 97: 1402-1408) during leaf senescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring). When seedlings were induced to senesce in darkness, protein loss from primary leaves began immediately. RNase WL(B) activity was unchanged for 2 days and then rose linearly, reaching a sixfold elevation in 7 days. RNase WL(C) activity declined for 2 days and then rose linearly, reaching a twofold elevation in 7 days. RNase WL(A) activity declined in the first 2 days and was unchanged thereafter. Although differentially expressed, these RNase activities may respond to a common regulatory mechanism(s) which, st 2 days of darkness, signals progression into a more advanced stage of senescence. The RNase activities were also differentially expressed during light-induced recovery, returning to normal levels in dissimilar patterns. In flag leaves of greenhouse-grown wheat, the three RNase activities increased during the early postanthesis period when protein content was stable and underwent further, accelerated accumulation during senescence. RNase WL(B) activity showed the largest overall senescence-associated elevation (sixfold), followed by RNase WL(C) (fourfold) and RNase WL(A) (threefold). C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP MCKEON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 9 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1409 EP 1413 DI 10.1104/pp.97.4.1409 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU884 UT WOS:A1991GU88400022 PM 16668564 ER PT J AU OLIVER, MJ AF OLIVER, MJ TI INFLUENCE OF PROTOPLASMIC WATER-LOSS ON THE CONTROL OF PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN THE DESICCATION-TOLERANT MOSS TORTULA-RURALIS - RAMIFICATIONS FOR A REPAIR-BASED MECHANISM OF DESICCATION TOLERANCE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT DESICCATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; STRESS; STABILITY; RNA; POLYRIBOSOMES; REHYDRATION AB Desiccation tolerance of the moss Tortula ruralis is characterized by a desiccation-induced change in gene expression that becomes evident upon rehydration. As reported earlier, this change in gene expression is apparently brought about by a change in the control of translation and does not include a major shift in mRNA abundance. A full qualitative and quantitative analysis of the alteration in gene expression, which is characterized by the loss of (or greater than fivefold decrease in) the synthesis of 25 hydration (h) proteins and initiation (or greater than fivefold increase) of the synthesis of 74 rehydration (r) proteins, is given in this report. Exposure to a desiccating atmosphere, for times that result in varying levels of water loss, enabled the determination that the control of synthesis of r proteins is different from the control of synthesis of h proteins. The r and h protein synthesis responses are internally coordinate, however. Similarly, the return to normal levels of h protein synthesis differs from that of the r proteins. The return to normal synthetic levels for all h proteins is synchronous, but the rate of loss of r protein synthesis varies with each individual r protein. Run-off translation of polysomes isolated from gametophytes during the drying phase demonstrates that there are no novel mRNAs recruited and no particular mRNA is favored for translation during desiccation. These findings add credence to the argument that translational control is the major component of the desiccation-induced alteration in gene expression in this plant, as discussed. Aspects of the response of protein synthesis to desiccation are consistent with the hypothesis that T. ruralis exhibits a repair-based mechanism of desiccation tolerance. RP OLIVER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS GRP,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 30 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1511 DI 10.1104/pp.97.4.1501 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU884 UT WOS:A1991GU88400036 PM 16668577 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL WASHBURN, KW AF MARKS, HL WASHBURN, KW TI BODY, ABDOMINAL FAT, AND TESTES WEIGHTS, AND LINE BY SEX INTERACTIONS IN JAPANESE-QUAIL DIVERGENTLY SELECTED FOR PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QUAIL; PLASMA CHOLESTEROL; BODY WEIGHT; ABDOMINAL FAT; TESTES WEIGHT ID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; GENERATIONS AB Line by sex interactions of BW, abdominal fat, testes weight, and plasma cholesterol were investigated in two Japanese quail lines. High (H-PCHOL) and low (L-PCHOL) quail lines had been developed by 18 generations of divergent selection for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Quail were from Generation 28 breeders maintained under a normal environment with no exposure to exogenous ACTH after Generation 18. Quail from growth-selected lines were also used to examine relationships between BW and plasma cholesterol. Body weights of H-PCHOL quail were significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) heavier than BW of L-PCHOL quail at 2 and 4 wk of age. However, at 8, 16, and 28 wk BW were similar. Quail from long-term, growth-selected lines were observed to have plasma cholesterol levels similar to those of control lines. Therefore, early BW changes in H-PCHOL and L-PCHOL lines may not be related to plasma cholesterol changes. At 2 and 4 wk, male and female plasma cholesterol values were similar in the H-PCHOL and L-PCHOL lines, however, at 8 and 16 wk males had higher values than females in the H-PCHOL line, and females had higher values than males in the L-PCHOL line. Because interactions were present only after sexual maturity was reached, sex hormones may be involved in the expression of these interactions. Quail in the L-PCHOL line were observed to have significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) more abdominal fat and significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) smaller testes than quail in the H-PCHOL line. C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2395 EP 2401 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GV333 UT WOS:A1991GV33300001 PM 1664517 ER PT J AU MILLER, RG TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET SCHERRER, JA AF MILLER, RG TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET SCHERRER, JA TI XYLOSE-LYSINE-TERGITOL-4 - AN IMPROVED SELECTIVE AGAR MEDIUM FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE XYLOSE-LYSINE-TERGITOL-4; SALMONELLA; DRAG-SWAB; POULTRY; ENVIRONMENT ID PLATING MEDIA; NOVOBIOCIN AB A study was conducted to evaluate a new selective plating medium for isolating Salmonella using pure bacterial cultures, and poultry environmental specimens containing high numbers of competing enteric bacteria. Xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 (XLT4) agar was found to strongly inhibit Proteus, Pseudomonas, Providencia, and many other nonsalmonellae and to provide good differentiation between Salmonella and Citrobacter. The XLT4 medium significantly improved Salmonella isolation from chicken farm environmental drag-swab samples over the other selective plating media evaluated. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP MILLER, RG (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES CTR E,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,BLDG 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2429 EP 2432 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GV333 UT WOS:A1991GV33300006 PM 1784564 ER PT J AU BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC COX, NA AF BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC COX, NA TI EFFECT OF FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE ON SALMONELLA COLONIZATION OF THE CHICKEN INTESTINE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; CHICKEN; COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ID TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; HATCHERIES; SEROTYPES; CARCASES AB The influence of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the ability of Salmonella typhimurium to grow and colonize the gut of chickens was investigated. In vitro studies showed that Salmonella did not grow when FOS was the sole carbon source. When FOS was fed to chicks at the .375% level, little influence on Salmonella colonization was observed. At the .75% level, 12% fewer FOS-fed birds were colonized with Salmonella compared with control birds. When chicks given a partially protective competitive exclusion (CE) culture were fed diets supplemented with .75% FOS, only 4 of 21 (19%) chickens challenged with 10(9) Salmonella cells on Day 7 became colonized as compared with 14 of 23 (61%) chickens given CE alone. When chickens were stressed by feed and water deprivation on Day 13 and challenged with 10(9) Salmonella on Day 14, 33 of 36 (92%) chickens fed a control diet were colonized compared with only 9 of 36 (25%) chickens fed a .75% FOS diet. Chickens treated with FOS had a fourfold reduction in the level of Salmonella present in the ceca. Feeding FOS in the diet of chickens may lead to a shift in the intestinal gut microflora, and under some circumstances may result in reduced susceptibility to Salmonella colonization. RP BAILEY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 23 TC 147 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2433 EP 2438 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GV333 UT WOS:A1991GV33300007 PM 1784565 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AD WANG, PC ROSEBROUGH, RW ELSASSER, TH SCHMIDT, WF AF MITCHELL, AD WANG, PC ROSEBROUGH, RW ELSASSER, TH SCHMIDT, WF TI ASSESSMENT OF BODY-COMPOSITION OF POULTRY BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; PECTORALIS MUSCLE; CHICKEN; TURKEY ID FAT; WATER; NMR AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and spectroscopy were used to assess body composition of the chicken and turkey poult. The NMR imaging was performed using a clinical, whole-body imaging system operating at 1.5 tesla (T; 63 MHz). Three-dimensional reconstruction of cross-sectional images made along the transaxial plane was used to estimate mass of the Pectoralis muscle of chickens ranging in weight from 140 to 2,760 g. Results indicate that NMR imaging can be used to determine size of the Pectoralis muscle (R2 = .99) in the bird, thus permitting repetitive measurements during the growth and development of the bird. The NMR spectroscopy was performed using an imaging spectrometer operating at 4.7 T (200 MHz). Integral areas of the water and lipid proton peaks of the spectra were compared with the water and lipid content of the whole body as determined by chemical analysis. Regression analysis of measurements made on turkey poults, ranging in weight from 115 to 630 g (n = 6), resulted in R2 values of .94 for NMR water proton peak area and total body water, .93 for NMR lipid proton peak area and total body lipid, and .96 for NMR water proton peak area and total body protein. From NMR spectroscopy of chickens weighing 528 +/- 18 g (n = 6), the relative area of the lipid peak correlated with whole-body lipid (R2 = .97). Thus, whole-body spectroscopy of smaller birds can be used to measure total body water, protein, and lipid content. C1 HOWARD UNIV HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20060. RP MITCHELL, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT NUTR LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2494 EP 2500 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GV333 UT WOS:A1991GV33300014 PM 1784571 ER PT J AU JACKSON, RD HUETE, AR AF JACKSON, RD HUETE, AR TI INTERPRETING VEGETATION INDEXES SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFLECTANCE; INDEXES; WHEAT; ANGLE; RATIO; RED AB Remotely sensed spectral vegetation indices are widely used and have benefited numerous disciplines interested in the assessment of biomass, water use, plant stress, plant health and crop production. The successful use of these indices requires knowledge of the units of the input variables used to form the indices, and an understanding of the manner in which the external environment and the architectural aspects of a vegetation canopy influence and alter the computed index values. Although vegetation indices were developed to extract the plant signal only, the soil background, moisture condition, solar zenith angle, view angle, as well as the atmosphere, alter the index values in complex ways. The nature of these problems are explored both in an empirical and in a theoretical sense, and suggestions are offered for the effective use and interpretation of vegetation indices. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP JACKSON, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 31 TC 207 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(05)80004-2 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GW988 UT WOS:A1991GW98800004 ER PT J AU DALE, EC OW, DW AF DALE, EC OW, DW TI GENE-TRANSFER WITH SUBSEQUENT REMOVAL OF THE SELECTION GENE FROM THE HOST GENOME SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC PLANT; TRANSFORMATION; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; CR-LOX RECOMBINATION; LUCIFERASE ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; VIRUS COAT PROTEIN; TOBACCO RATTLE VIRUS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; CROP IMPROVEMENT; RESISTANCE GENE; TOMATO PLANTS; ANTISENSE RNA; SATELLITE RNA; EXPRESSION AB A general method of gene transfer that does not leave behind a selectable marker in the host genome is described. A luciferase gene was introduced into the tobacco genome by using the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) as a linked selectable marker. Flanked by recombination sites from the bacteriophage P1 Cre/lox recombination system, the hpt gene was subsequently excised from the plant genome by the Cre recombinase. The Cre-catalyzed excision event in the plant genome was precise and conservative-i.e., without loss or alteration of nucleotides in the recombinant site. After removal of the Cre-encoding locus by genetic segregation, plants were obtained that had incorporated only the desired transgene. Gene transfer without the incorporation of antibiotic-resistance markers in the host genome should ease public concerns over the field release of transgenic organisms expressing such traits. Moreover, it would obviate the need for different selectable markers in subsequent rounds of gene transfer into the same host. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 39 TC 295 Z9 351 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 88 IS 23 BP 10558 EP 10562 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10558 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GT480 UT WOS:A1991GT48000038 PM 1660141 ER PT J AU BOYLAN, MT QUAIL, PH AF BOYLAN, MT QUAIL, PH TI PHYTOCHROME-A OVEREXPRESSION INHIBITS HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION IN TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE REGULATORY PHOTORECEPTOR; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS ID IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; AVENA-SATIVA L; AUREA MUTANT; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; PLANTS; FRAGMENTS; SELECTION; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN AB To develop a model plant system for efficient functional analysis of mutagenized phytochrome polypeptides, we have overexpressed oat phytochrome A in Arabidopsis thaliana. R1 seedlings from selfed primary transformants segregated for hypocotyl length, when grown in the light, with a ratio of 3 short to 1 of normal length. When homozygous lines were established from these two size classes, accumulation of immunologically detectable oat phytochrome cosegregated with the short-hypocotyl trait. The short-hypocotyl seedlings contained substantially more spectrally active phytochrome than their normal-sized siblings, indicating that the introduced oat protein was photoreversible. The short-hypocotyl phenotype was strictly light-dependent, since no morphological effects of phytochrome overexpression could be seen in etiolated seedlings. Overexpression of only the chromophore-bearing, N-terminal domain of phytochrome A did not induce short hypocotyls in light-grown seedlings, indicating that additional sequence is essential for photoreceptor function. Similarly, overexpression of a full-length sequence mutated at the chromophore attachment site had no effect on phenotype, indicating the absence of any detectable dominant negative effect of the chromophoreless polypeptide on the activity of endogenous Arabidopsis phytochrome. Thus, the readily scorable short-hypocotyl phenotype of Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing phytochrome A provides a simple visual assay for rapidly monitoring the biological activity of mutagenized phytochrome A polypeptides. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 31 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 88 IS 23 BP 10806 EP 10810 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10806 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GT480 UT WOS:A1991GT48000090 PM 11607244 ER PT J AU FRAGA, CG MOTCHNIK, PA SHIGENAGA, MK HELBOCK, HJ JACOB, RA AMES, BN AF FRAGA, CG MOTCHNIK, PA SHIGENAGA, MK HELBOCK, HJ JACOB, RA AMES, BN TI ASCORBIC-ACID PROTECTS AGAINST ENDOGENOUS OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE IN HUMAN SPERM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-C; OXIDANTS; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDRO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE); DNA ADDUCTS; MUTATION ID SPONTANEOUS LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HUMAN-BLOOD PLASMA; HUMAN-SPERMATOZOA; GERM-CELLS; ANTIOXIDANT; CAPACITY; URINE AB Damage to the DNA of germ cells can lead to mutation, which may result in birth defects, genetic diseases, and cancer. The very high endogenous rate of oxidative DNA damage and the importance of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) in preventing this damage has prompted an examination of these factors in human sperm DNA. The oxidized nucleoside 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine; oxo8dG), 1 of almost-equal-to 20 major products of oxidative damage to DNA, was measured in DNA isolated from human sperm provided by healthy subjects and compared to the seminal fluid AA levels. This relationship was studied in two groups. In a group of 24 free-living individuals 20-50 years old high levels of oxo8dG were correlated with low seminal plasma AA. The endogenous level of oxo8dG in this group was 13 fmol per mu-g of DNA or almost-equal-to 25,000 adducts per sperm cell. The second group of individuals was maintained on a controlled diet that varied only in AA content. When dietary AA was decreased from 250 to 5 mg/day, the seminal fluid AA decreased by half and the level of oxo8dG in sperm DNA increased 91%. Repletion of dietary AA for 28 days (from 5 mg/day to 250 or 60 mg/day) caused a doubling in seminal fluid AA and reduced oxo8dG by 36%. These results indicate that dietary AA protects human sperm from endogenous oxidative DNA damage that could affect sperm quality and increase risk of genetic defects, particularly in populations with low AA such as smokers. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP AMES, BN (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 39910]; NIA NIH HHS [AG 05489]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES01896] NR 34 TC 466 Z9 479 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 88 IS 24 BP 11003 EP 11006 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11003 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GV877 UT WOS:A1991GV87700005 PM 1763015 ER PT J AU FEIST, WC AF FEIST, WC TI PAINTING AND FINISHING EXTERIOR WOOD SO PROGRESSIVE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article RP FEIST, WC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENTON PUBL INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114 SN 0033-0752 J9 PROG ARCHIT JI Progress. Archit. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 72 IS 12 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA GT814 UT WOS:A1991GT81400012 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, LA AF JOHNSON, LA TI SEX PRESELECTION IN SWINE - ALTERED SEX-RATIOS IN OFFSPRING FOLLOWING SURGICAL INSEMINATION OF FLOW SORTED X-BEARING AND Y-BEARING SPERM SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article DE SEMEN; CELL SORTER; FLOW SORTING; DNA; BIRTH ID CHROMOSOME-BEARING; DNA; SPERMATOZOA AB Flow cytometric sorting of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm into separate populations, followed by surgical insemination into the isthmus of the oviduct of mature gilts, produced litters with phenotypic sex ratios skewed in the direction of male or female according to the predicted sex of the sperm population inseminated. The skewing of the sex ratio of the offspring was predicted from flow cytometric DNA reanalysis of flow sorted sperm populations. Gilts inseminated with intact, viable flow-sorted X-bearing sperm produced litters of offspring that were 74% female (P < .01). Gilts inseminated with intact, viable flow-sorted Y-bearing sperm gave offspring that were 68% male (P < .04). These results validate the use of DNA as a marker for pre-selecting the sex of offspring when used in conjunction with flow cytometric sorting of sperm. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 9 TC 140 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 6 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01546.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA GY087 UT WOS:A1991GY08700005 ER PT J AU DINAR, A ZILBERMAN, D AF DINAR, A ZILBERMAN, D TI THE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE-CONSERVATION, POLLUTION-REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY SELECTION - THE CASE OF IRRIGATION WATER SO RESOURCES AND ENERGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WATER; INFILTRATION; CALIFORNIA; UNIFORMITY; POLICIES; SALINITY AB Irrigated agriculture is a major consumer of limited water resources and also a substantial source of pollution. Use of modem irrigation technologies has been proposed as one of several possible solutions to problems of water resource scarcity and environmental pollution in many irrigated agricultural areas. An economic model to assess irrigation technology choice is developed, which expands many of the aspects developed in previous publications, and takes into consideration aspects such as weather conditions and the dual effects of input quality (soil and water). General relationships between variables are derived and tested for cotton and tomatoes under conditions prevailing on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. The results from the empirical model provide the following main conclusions: (1) modern irrigation technologies serve to substantially reduce impacts of quality and weather differences on profitability; (2) the impacts of changing one input quality indicator are not independent of other input-quality indicators; (3) the categorization of technologies as 'input saving' or 'yield increasing' may be misleading; (4) technology choices are sensitive to product (crop) characteristics, and (5) taxation on pollution increases the likelihood of water conservation, adoption of modern technologies, or transition from one crop to another. C1 USDA,ERS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP DINAR, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0572 J9 RESOUR ENERG PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 323 EP 348 DI 10.1016/0165-0572(91)90002-K PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GX832 UT WOS:A1991GX83200002 ER PT J AU BOYD, R URI, ND AF BOYD, R URI, ND TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF ENERGY TAXES SO RESOURCES AND ENERGY LA English DT Article ID PRICE AB This paper examines the impact of an increase in the gasoline tax and the imposition of a tax on crude oil and natural gas on the United States economy. The analytical approach used in the analysis consists of a general equilibrium model composed of 12 producing sectors, 13 consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income, and a government. The effects of a 10 cents per gallon and a 25 cents per gallon increase in the tax on gasoline and the impact of a $1.00 per barrel and a $5.00 per barrel tax on crude oil and natural gas on prices and quantities are examined. The results are revealing. For example, a 10 cents per gallon tax increase on gasoline would result in lower output by the producing sectors (by about $5.795 billion), lower consumption of goods and services (by about $5.910 billion), and a reduction in welfare (by about $7.607 billion). The government would realize an increase in revenue of about $4.970 billion. In the case of a $1.00 per barrel tax on crude oil and natural gas, there would be lower output by the producing sectors (by about $5.238 billion), lower consumption of goods and services (by about $5.093 billion), and a reduction in welfare (by about $4.992 billion). The government would realize an increase in revenue of $3.964 billion. C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP BOYD, R (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0572 J9 RESOUR ENERG PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 349 EP 379 DI 10.1016/0165-0572(91)90003-L PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GX832 UT WOS:A1991GX83200003 ER PT J AU WESTENBARGER, D BOYD, R JUNG, C AF WESTENBARGER, D BOYD, R JUNG, C TI WELFARE GAINS FROM ALUMINUM RECYCLING IN THE USA SO RESOURCES POLICY LA English DT Article AB In this paper we estimate a flexible form cost function of the aluminium industry in the USA and use our estimates to obtain derived demand curves for aluminium inputs such as electricity and bauxite. We then calculate the welfare gains arising from decreased energy use when the level of secondary recycling is increased. The process is repeated for several model specifications. All of our tests, however, yield similar results and indicate that substitution of scrap for only 5% of the bauxite presently used in US aluminium manufacturing would result in annual savings of close to a quarter of a billion dollars. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP WESTENBARGER, D (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4207 J9 RESOUR POLICY JI Resour. Policy PD DEC PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1016/0301-4207(91)90017-P PG 10 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW714 UT WOS:A1991GW71400006 ER EF