FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU ABER, JD FEDERER, CA AF ABER, JD FEDERER, CA TI A GENERALIZED, LUMPED-PARAMETER MODEL OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN TEMPERATE AND BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CONDUCTANCE; FOLIAR NITROGEN; WATER BALANCE; LAI ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS; NITROGEN-AVAILABILITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SOIL-WATER; TRANSPIRATION; DYNAMICS; DROUGHT AB PnET is a simple, lumped-parameter, monthly-time-step model of carbon and water balances of forests built on two principal relationships: 1) maximum photosynthetic rate is a function of foliar nitrogen concentration, and 2) stomatal conductance is a function of realized photosynthetic rate. Monthly leaf area display and carbon and water balances are predicted by combining these with standard equations describing light attenuation in canopies and photosynthetic response to diminishing radiation intensity, along with effects of soil water stress and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). PnET has been validated against field data from 10 well-studied temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, supporting our central hypothesis that aggregation of climatic data to the monthly scale and biological data such as foliar characteristics to the ecosystem level does not cause a significant loss of information relative to long-term, mean ecosystem responses. Sensitivity analyses reveal a diversity of responses among systems to identical alterations in climatic drivers. This suggests that great care should be used in developing generalizations as to how forests will respond to a changing climate. Also critical is the degree to which the temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration might acclimate to changes in mean temperatures at decadal time scales. An extreme climate change simulation (+3-degrees-C maximum temperature, -25% precipitation with no change in minimum temperature or radiation, direct effects of increased atmospheric CO2 ignored) suggests that major increases in water stress, and reductions in biomass production (net carbon gain) and water yield would follow such a change. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP ABER, JD (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 64 TC 338 Z9 367 U1 8 U2 90 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 1992 VL 92 IS 4 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1007/BF00317837 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KH024 UT WOS:A1992KH02400002 PM 28313216 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, D AF SUAREZ, D TI PERSPECTIVE ON IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND SALINITY SO OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Arid and semiarid areas face increasing demands on their limited water supplies. In many regions agriculture utilizes the bulk of the available fresh water, often exceeding the sustainable water yield and relying on utilization of subsurface reserves. Increased water demands by urban users will require greater water use efficiency by the agricultural sector as well as use of urban waste waters and under-utilized brackish waters. To date advances have been made in irrigation management, but genetic research has not altered the basic water requirements of plants. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP SUAREZ, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0030-7270 J9 OUTLOOK AGR JI Outlook Agric. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA KM385 UT WOS:A1992KM38500007 ER PT J AU HOPKINSON, JM SCHANLER, RJ FRALEY, JK GARZA, C AF HOPKINSON, JM SCHANLER, RJ FRALEY, JK GARZA, C TI MILK-PRODUCTION BY MOTHERS OF PREMATURE-INFANTS - INFLUENCE OF CIGARETTE-SMOKING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE PREMATURE INFANTS; CIGARETTES; ELECTRIC BREAST PUMP; MILK VOLUME ID BREAST-FEEDING WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; SOMATOSTATIN LEVELS; PREVIOUS LACTATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PROLACTIN; NICOTINE; FETAL; FREQUENCY; BALANCE AB The volume of milk produced by mothers who smoked cigarettes (n = 11) and control subjects who did not smoke (n = 29) was compared after the delivery of their preterm infants (28 to 32 weeks gestation). Milk production was significantly less among those who smoked, with or without adjusting for age, race, parity, gravidity, weight-for-height, prior nursing experience, customary alcohol and caffeine intake, infant birth weight, and pumping frequency. Each mother maintained her milk production using an electrical breast pump and without the stimulus of her infant suckling at the breast. Daily frequency and duration of breast pump usage were similar in the two groups. At 2 weeks postpartum, 24-hour milk volumes were 406 +/- 262 mL for mothers who smoked and 514 +/- 338 mL for control subjects. Between 2 to 4 weeks postpartum, the mean change in 24-hour milk volume (milliliters per 24 hours) of control subjects increased (+113 +/- 179 mL, P < .005), whereas milk volume of mothers who smoked cigarettes remained unchanged (-47 +/- 122 mL, P = .25). The percentage change in milk volume between 2 and 4 weeks for the combined groups was significantly related to four factors: pumping frequency, change in daily pumping frequency, day of initiation of pumping, and smoking status. Total and protein nitrogen, lactose, calcium, and phosphorous concentrations did not differ in milks from mothers who smoked cigarettes and mothers who did not smoke. Fat concentrations were lower in the milk from mothers who smoked cigarettes. Reduced milk volume and fat concentrations may explain the reported early weaning of breast-fed infants by women who smoke cigarettes. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HOPKINSON, JM (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1110 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 32 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 6 BP 934 EP 938 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KF504 UT WOS:A1992KF50400019 PM 1437437 ER PT J AU VERTUCCI, CW STUSHNOFF, C AF VERTUCCI, CW STUSHNOFF, C TI THE STATE OF WATER IN ACCLIMATING VEGETATIVE BUDS FROM MALUS AND AMELANCHIER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WINTER HARDINESS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ACCLIMATION; AMELANCHIER; BOUND WATER; COLD HARDINESS; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; FREEZABLE WATER; FREEZING INJURY; MALUS; VEGETATIVE BUDS ID UNFROZEN WATER; APPLE BUDS; CRYOPRESERVATION; INJURY; TISSUES; STEM; DEHYDRATION; TOLERANCE; PLANTS; SEEDS AB The relationship between freezable water and cold hardiness during acclimation was studied using vegetative buds from several apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars and from one saskatoonberry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt, cv. Smoky) cultivar. According to leakage data and visual assessments of cortical browning, vegetative buds of all cultivars were most tolerant to subfreezing temperatures in January. The hardy condition was also associated with maximum tolerance to desiccation. Qualitative features of freezing exotherms (number of peaks and temperature of the transition) were not correlated with the hardy condition in the tissues. However, the amount of unfrozen water, determined by quantifying the energy of the exotherms, increased with increasing hardiness. In buds that survived exposure to -45-degrees-C, freezing reduced the intracellular water content, but only to levels above the critical moisture content for desiccation damage. In buds that did not survive exposure to -45-degrees-C, freezing reduced the water content to levels equal to or less than the critical moisture content for desiccation damage. These observations suggest that the freezing of water in nonhardy tissue dried the tissue to moisture levels at which severe dehydration damage occurred. It appears that acclimation of vegetative apple buds involves at least two processes: (1) an increase in tolerance to dehydration and (2) an increase in the level of unfreezable water. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & BIOCHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP VERTUCCI, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.860401.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KH364 UT WOS:A1992KH36400001 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL HEDDEN, P AF STEFFENS, GL HEDDEN, P TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON GIBBERELLIN LEVELS IN THERMOSENSITIVE DWARF APPLE-TREES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE APPLE; DWARF; GIBBERELLIN; GROWTH RETARDANT; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PACLOBUTRAZOL; TRIAZOLE ID METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS; 2.7, 4.9, and 1.0 mg B L-1, respectively. Reduced yields of all cultivars were attributed to a reduction in fruit number and not fruit size. Boron concentrations in leaves and fruit were directly correlated to B(SW). RP FRANCOIS, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 1992 VL 147 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00029068 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK113 UT WOS:A1992KK11300001 ER PT J AU GRIEVE, CM FRANCOIS, LE AF GRIEVE, CM FRANCOIS, LE TI THE IMPORTANCE OF INITIAL SEED SIZE IN WHEAT PLANT-RESPONSE TO SALINITY SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE BLADE AREA; GRAIN YIELD; LEAF APPEARANCE RATE; PHYLLOCHRON; SALT STRESS; SAND CULTURES; TILLERS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; YIELD COMPONENTS ID SPRING WHEAT; GERMINATION; CULTIVARS; WEIGHT; GROWTH AB Large initial seed size frequently confers distinct advantages on cereal crops in terms of seedling vigor, hardiness, improved stand establishment, and higher productivity. This study was conducted to determine if these advantages inherent in the plants grown from large seeds persist when the crop is subjected to salinity stress. Two hard red spring wheat cultivars, 'Yecora Rojo' and 'Anza' were grown in greenhouse sand cultures from seed of two size classes that differed in weight by a factor of 2. The cultures were irrigated four times daily with complete nutrient solutions to which NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 molar ratio) were added to achieve osmotic potentials of -0.05. -0.55, and -0.70 MPa with electrical conductivities of 1.8, 12.8, and 15.8 dS m-1, respectively. In response to both salinity and small initial seed size, the following plant characteristics decreased: leaf appearance rate, blade area, tillers per plant, spikelets per spike and seeds per spike. Plants grown from large seeds out-yielded those from small seeds by 8, 37, and 27% for Yecora Rojo and by 15, 30, and 23% for Anza at osmotic potentials of -0.05, -0.55 and -0.70 MPa, respectively. Compared to the corresponding nonsaline controls, the yield of Yecora Rojo grown at -0.55 MPa was 51% for the plants from large seed and 35% from the small seeds. For Anza salinized at -0.55 MPa, these values were 49 and 40%, respectively. Exploitation of the benefits derived from large initial seed size may be a cost-effective management strategy for improving wheat productivity in salt-affected areas. RP GRIEVE, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 1992 VL 147 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1007/BF00029071 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK113 UT WOS:A1992KK11300004 ER PT J AU OWENS, LD EBERTS, DR AF OWENS, LD EBERTS, DR TI SUGAR-BEET LEAF DISK CULTURE - AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR INDUCING MORPHOGENESIS SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE BETA-VULGARIS; MORPHOGENESIS; REGENERATION; TISSUE CULTURE ID SUBSEQUENT SHOOT REGENERATION; CALLUS INDUCTION; INVITRO; BETA; EXPLANTS; PLANTS AB In preparation for gene transfer experiments we investigated factors that might affect the production of shoots and somatic embryos from the wound callus of cultured sugarbeet leaf discs. A complex interaction was found between the leaf disc plating density, the disc culture medium, the source-shoot culture medium and the frequency of disc transfer to fresh medium. The most productive protocol utilized: source shoots maintained on MS medium containing 0.25 mg l-1 BA; multiple leaf discs (ten 4-mm discs/plate) plated onto an enriched modification of MS mediuM (RV) containing 1.0 mg l-1 BA and solidified with 0.3% Gelrite (not permitted to dry during hardening); and transfer of the discs to fresh medium every two weeks during the first month. This standard protocol produced more callus per plate and higher rates of morphogenesis per unit dry weight of callus than did the one-step method of Saunders and Doley. Water availability considerations were found to be critical to obtaining high morphogenic rates. Root induction frequency and quality was Superior on shoots transplanted to MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 NAA as the sole growth regulator compared to IAA at the same concentration. RP OWENS, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA JX664 UT WOS:A1992JX66400003 ER PT J AU CULBREATH, AK MINTON, NA BRENNEMAN, TB MULLINIX, BG AF CULBREATH, AK MINTON, NA BRENNEMAN, TB MULLINIX, BG TI RESPONSE OF FLORUNNER AND SOUTHERN RUNNER PEANUT CULTIVARS TO CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF LATE LEAF-SPOT, SOUTHERN STEM ROT, AND NEMATODES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; FUNGICIDE; YIELD; ALDICARB AB A field experiment was conducted in 1989 and 1990 to study the effects of chlorothalonil, flutolanil, and aldicarb, singularly and in combination, on late leaf spot, caused by Cercosporidium personatum, southern stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, and root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, on Florunner and Southern Runner peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. In a split-plot experiment, Florunner and Southern Runner were treated with chlorothalonil at 0, 0.6, or 1.2 kg a.i./ha; flutolanil at 0 or 2.2 kg a.i./ha; and aldicarb at 0 or 3.4 kg a.i./ha. Southern stem rot and nematode pressure were severe in both years, and late leaf spot was severe in 1989. Leaf spot was more severe in Florunner than in Southern Runner in control plots both years and in plots receiving the low rate of chlorothalonil in 1990. In both years, the high rate of chlorothalonil reduced late leaf spot severity more than the low rate. Aldicarb and flutolanil did not affect late leaf spot severity. Flutolanil and aldicarb reduced the incidence of southern stem rot in both cultivars in both years, but flutolanil was more effective than aldicarb. Chlorothalonil had little or no effect on incidence of southern stem rot, and both cultivars were equally susceptible. Aldicarb reduced root-gall indices in both years, but no effects were attributable to cultivar or fungicide. Yields for the two cultivars were not different. In both cultivars, effects of chlorothalonil, flutolanil, and aldicarb were additive on yield increases for both years. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,STAT SERV,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP CULBREATH, AK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1199 EP 1203 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ673 UT WOS:A1992JZ67300002 ER PT J AU LULEY, CJ MIELKE, ME CASTELLO, JD CARLSON, C APPLEBY, J HATCHER, R AF LULEY, CJ MIELKE, ME CASTELLO, JD CARLSON, C APPLEBY, J HATCHER, R TI ASH CROWN CONDITION AND THE INCIDENCE OF ASH YELLOWS AND OTHER INSECTS AND DISEASES IN ILLINOIS, IOWA, MISSOURI, AND WISCONSIN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; WHITE ASH; DECLINE; INFECTION AB Seventy-nine plots in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Wisconsin were surveyed in 1990 for ash yellows (AshY) and other diseases and insects. Twenty-one of 38 white ash and 20 of 41 green ash plots had trees with AshY based on the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) DNA-staining technique or the presence of witches-brooms. AshY was widely distributed in all states except Wisconsin, where trees in only two of 20 plots were affected. Other than witches'-brooms, symptoms previously associated with AshY were present on trees in plots that tested both positive and negative for mycoplasmalike organisms. Approximately 50% of the ash trees had greater than 10% crown dieback, and 5% of the trees were dead. Overall, trees representing about 12% (6-7 m3.ha-1) of the total ash volume had 50% or greater crown dieback. There was no significant difference in mean crown condition rating of the ash trees in AshY-positive and AshY-negative plots. Other disease and insect problems were common but were not considered to be major causes of crown dieback. The primary cause of crown dieback of ash in the Midwest is unknown. C1 US FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCE,MADISON,WI 53711. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50010. RP LULEY, CJ (reprint author), MISSOURI DEPT CONSERVAT,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1209 EP 1212 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ673 UT WOS:A1992JZ67300004 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, R LEATH, KT AF RODRIGUEZ, R LEATH, KT TI PATHOGENICITY OF PHOMA-MEDICAGINIS VAR MEDICAGINIS TO CROWNS OF ALFALFA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE LUCERNE; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; SPRING BLACKSTEM ID RED-CLOVER; ROOT; ROT AB The pathogenicity of Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis to crowns of alfalfa was determined by inoculating clonal and seedling plants of the cultivar Iroquois with two isolates of the pathogen. Crowns and stubble were inoculated. Crown inoculations with either isolate of P. m. medicaginis caused a black necrosis that extended up into stem bases through one internode and down into upper taproots and occasionally into lateral roots. Wounding of crowns was necessary for infection. Stem stubble provided a suitable infection court for the pathogen to invade crown tissues. Crown and stubble inoculations caused fewer axillary buds, smaller crown diameters and foliar dry weights, and an increased number of dead stems. Pycnidia formed abundantly on dead and dying stubble. P. m. medicaginis was demonstrated to be pathogenic to alfalfa crowns. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1237 EP 1240 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ673 UT WOS:A1992JZ67300010 ER PT J AU BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM AF BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM TI INFLUENCE OF SOIL-MOISTURE ON ROOT-ROT AND WILT OF CHICKPEA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID THIELAVIOPSIS-BASICOLA; DAMPING-OFF; PYTHIUM; SPAIN AB This study was conducted to determine the effects of soil moisture on wilt and root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, F. solani f. sp. pisi, Pythium ultimum, and Thielaviopsis basicola. Three soil matric potential regimes (high = -40 to -20 kPa, medium = -260 to -40 kPa, low = -1,060 to -260 kPa) were used. Wilt and root rot increased with decreased soil matric potential, as did rhizosphere populations of each pathogen when present in soil alone or in various pathogen combinations. Chickpeas grown in soil infested with equal inoculum densities of two pathogens usually had as much or more disease as plants grown in soil infested with a single pathogen. However, wilt severity was significantly less when plants were grown in soil infested with F. o. ciceri and P. ultimum than with either pathogen alone. Rhizosphere populations of F. o. ciceri were higher than populations of other pathogens at the conclusion of each test. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE & FORAGE CROPS PROD,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP BHATTI, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1259 EP 1262 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ673 UT WOS:A1992JZ67300016 ER PT J AU KLEIN, RE WYATT, SD KAISER, WJ HAMPTON, RO AF KLEIN, RE WYATT, SD KAISER, WJ HAMPTON, RO TI PATHOGENICITY GROUPS OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS IN THE USDA PHASEOLUS GERM PLASM COLLECTION SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STRAINS AB The pathogenicity groups of seedborne bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) strains in the USDA Phaseolus germ plasm collection were identified by systemic infection of differential P. vulgaris cultivars. All BCMV pathogroups (PG)(sensu Drijfhout) except PG III were detected, and 10 BCMV cultures simulated a new pathogroup, PG VIII. Six of these cultures, however, were resolved into two different BCMV strains, and 14 of 19 PG VI-simulating cultures were similarly resolved. PG V cultures were rare, except in mixed infections with other pathogroups. None of the BCMV cultures simulating PG VI induced temperature-insensitive necrosis on cultivars containing the I gene. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP KLEIN, RE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1263 EP 1265 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ673 UT WOS:A1992JZ67300017 ER PT J AU SMITH, CR TOUSIGNANT, ME GELETKA, LM KAPER, JM AF SMITH, CR TOUSIGNANT, ME GELETKA, LM KAPER, JM TI COMPETITION BETWEEN CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS SATELLITE RNAS IN TOMATO SEEDLINGS AND PROTOPLASTS - A MODEL FOR SATELLITE-MEDIATED CONTROL OF TOMATO NECROSIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRAL SATELLITE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTS; EPIDEMIC; CARNA-5 AB The competition between two satellite RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in inoculated tomato seedlings or in electroporated tomato protoplasts was examined using semidenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and northern hybridization. Analysis of total nucleic acid extracts revealed that in infections with two simultaneously inoculated satellite RNAs, or in infections where the more virulent satellite was inoculated at a later time, the amount of the two satellite RNAs that accumulated differed. The amount of accumulation depended on the concentration of each satellite RNA in the inoculum and the length of time between inoculations. On the basis of symptomatological and molecular analyses, inoculation with CMV containing a mild satellite RNA prior to challenge by a severe satellite RNA with or without CMV interfered with the replication and symptom expression of the severe strain. These results support the feasibility of the use of mild virus-satellite combinations in the biocontrol of CMV. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SMITH, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1270 EP 1274 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ673 UT WOS:A1992JZ67300019 ER PT J AU PFEFFER, PE ROLIN, DB KUMOSINSKI, TF MACFALL, JS SCHMIDT, JH AF PFEFFER, PE ROLIN, DB KUMOSINSKI, TF MACFALL, JS SCHMIDT, JH TI P-31 RELAXATION RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH N2/O2 DIFFUSION IN SOYBEAN NODULE CORTICAL-CELLS AND EXCISED CORTICAL TISSUE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION; LEGUME ROOT-NODULES; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; GAS-EXCHANGE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-SYMBIOSIS; RHIZOSPHERE OXYGEN; RESISTANCE; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT; FIXATION AB N2-fixing Bradyrhizobium japonicum nodules and cortical tissue derived from these nodules were examined in vivo by P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Perfusion of the viable nodules and excised cortical tissue with O2 followed by N2 or Ar caused a loss of orthophosphate (Pi) resonance magnetization associated with the major portion of acidic Pi (delta 0.9 ppm, pH 5.5) residing in the cortical cells. Resumption of 0, perfusion restored approximately 80% of the intensity of this peak. Detailed examination of the nuclear relaxation processes, spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), and spin-spin relaxation time (T2), under perfusion with N2 or Ar as opposed to O2, indicated that loss of signal was due to T1 saturation of the acidic Pi signal under the rapid-pulsed NMR recycling conditions. In excised cortical tissue, Pi T1, values derived from biexponential relaxation processes under perfusing O2 were 59% 3.72 +/- 0.93 s and 41% 0.2 +/- 0.08 s, whereas under N2 these values were 85% 7.07 +/- 1.36 s and 15% 0.39 +/- 0.07 s. The T1 relaxation behavior of whole nodule vacuolar Pi showed the same trend, but the overall values were somewhat shorter. T2 values for cortical tissue were also biexponential but were essentially the same under O2 (38% 0.066 +/- 0.01 s and 63% 0.41 +/- 0.08 s) and N2 (39% 0.07 +/- 0.01 s and 61% 0.37 +/- 0.01 s) perfusion. Soybean (Glycine max) root tissue as well as Pi solutions exhibited single exponential T1 decay values that were not altered by changes in the perfusing gas. These data indicate that oxygen induces a change in the physical environment of phosphate in the cortical cell tissue. Although under certain conditions oxygen has been observed to act as a paramagnetic relaxation agent, model T1 experiments demonstrate that O2 does not significantly influence Pi relaxation in this manner. Alternatively, we suggest that an increase in solution viscosity brought on by the production of an occlusion glycoprotein (under O2 perfusion) is responsible for the observed relaxation changes. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT RADIOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP PFEFFER, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1682 EP 1690 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.1682 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400009 PM 16653184 ER PT J AU MACFALL, JS PFEFFER, PE ROLIN, DB MACFALL, JR JOHNSON, GA AF MACFALL, JS PFEFFER, PE ROLIN, DB MACFALL, JR JOHNSON, GA TI OBSERVATION OF THE OXYGEN DIFFUSION BARRIER IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) NODULES WITH MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGUME ROOT-NODULES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; RELAXATION-TIMES; WATER-CONTENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; RESISTANCE; STATE AB The effects of selected gas perfusion treatments on the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the soybean (Glycine max) nodule cortex and inner nodule tissue were studied with H-1 high resolution magnetic resonance microscopy. Three gas treatments were used: (a) perfusion with O2 followed by N2; (b) O2 followed by O2; and (c) air followed by N2. Soybean plants with intact attached nodules were placed into the bore of a superconducting magnet and a selected root with nodules was perfused with the gas of interest. Magnetic resonance images were acquired with repetition times from 50 to 3200 ms. The method of partial saturation was used to calculate T1 times on selected regions of the image. Calculated images based on T1 showed longer T1 values in the cortex than in the inner nodule during all of the gas perfusions. When nodules were perfused with O2-O2, there was no significant change in the T1 of the nodule between the two gas treatments. When the nodule was perfused with O2-N2 or air-N2, however, the T1 of both the cortex and inner nodule increased. in these experiments, the increase in T1 of the cortex was 2- to 3-fold greater than the increase observed in the inner nodule. A similar change in T1 was found in detached live nodules, but there was no change in T1 with selective gas perfusion of detached dead nodules. These observations suggest that cortical cells respond differently to selected gas perfusion than the inner nodule, with the boundary of T1 change sharply delineated at the interface of the inner nodule and the inner cortex. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP MACFALL, JS (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. OI Johnson, G.Allan/0000-0002-7606-5447 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1691 EP 1697 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.1691 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400010 PM 16653185 ER PT J AU WANG, ZY SNYDER, GW ESAU, BD PORTIS, AR OGREN, WL AF WANG, ZY SNYDER, GW ESAU, BD PORTIS, AR OGREN, WL TI SPECIES-DEPENDENT VARIATION IN THE INTERACTION OF SUBSTRATE-BOUND RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) AND RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; EXPRESSION; CATALYSIS; EVOLUTION; INVIVO AB Purified spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco) activase supported 50 to 100% activation of substrate-bound Rubisco from spinach, barley, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), Arabidopsis thaliana, maize (Zea mays L.), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but supported only 10 to 35% activation of Rubisco from three Solanaceae species, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), petunia (Petunia hybrida L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Conversely, purified tobacco and petunia Rubisco activase catalyzed 75 to 100% activation of substrate-bound Rubisco from the three Solanaceae species but only 10 to 25% activation of substrate-bound Rubisco from the other species. Thus, the interaction between substrate-bound Rubisco and Rubisco activase is species dependent. The species dependence observed is consistent with phylogenetic relationships previously derived from plant morphological characteristics and from nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons of the two Rubisco subunits. Species dependence in the Rubisco-Rubisco activase interaction and the absence of major anomalies in the deduced amino acid sequence of tobacco Rubisco activase compared to sequences in non-Solanaceae species suggest that Rubisco and Rubisco activase may have coevolved such that amino acid changes that have arisen by evolutionary divergence in one of these enzymes through spontaneous mutation or selection pressure have led to compensatory changes in the other enzyme. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP WANG, ZY (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1858 EP 1862 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.1858 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400034 PM 16653209 ER PT J AU DENISON, RF WITTY, JF MINCHIN, FR AF DENISON, RF WITTY, JF MINCHIN, FR TI REVERSIBLE O2 INHIBITION OF NITROGENASE ACTIVITY IN ATTACHED SOYBEAN NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION ASSAY; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; DIFFUSION BARRIER; O-2 CONCENTRATION; LEGUME NODULES; GAS-EXCHANGE; ROOT-NODULES; FIXATION; LEGHEMOGLOBIN; PERMEABILITY AB Various forms of stress result in decreased O2 permeability or decreased capacity to consume O2 in legume root nodules. These changes alter the nodule interior O2 concentration (O(i)). To determine the relationship between O(i) and nitrogenase activity in attached soybean (Glycine max) nodules, we controlled O(i) by varying external pO2 while monitoring internal H-2 concentration (H(i)) with microelectrodes. O(i) was monitored by noninvasive leghemoglobin spectrophotometry (nodule oximetry). After each step-change in O(i), H(i) approached a new steady state, with a time constant averaging 23 s. The rate of H-2 production by nitrogenase was calculated as the product of H(i), nodule surface area, and nodule H-2 permeability. H-2 permeability was estimated from O2 permeability (measured by nodule oximetry) by assuming diffusion through air-filled pores; support for this assumption is presented. O(i) was nearly optimal for nitrogenase activity (H-2 production) between 15 and 150 nM. A 1- to 2-min exposure to elevated external pO2 (40-100 kPa) reduced H(i) to zero, but nitrogenase activity recovered quickly under air, often in <20 min. This rapid recovery contrasts with previous reports of much slower recovery with longer exposures to elevated pO2. The mechanism of nitrogenase inhibition may differ between brief and prolonged O2 exposures. C1 AGR & FOOD RES COUNCIL INST GRASSLAND & ENVIRONM RES,ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3EB,DYFED,WALES. RP DENISON, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOX 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1863 EP 1868 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.1863 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400035 PM 16653210 ER PT J AU KNAUBER, DC BANOWETZ, GM AF KNAUBER, DC BANOWETZ, GM TI PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF A DWARF WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) WITH ALTERED PHYTOCHROME-MEDIATED GROWTH-RESPONSES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-QUALITY; RED-LIGHT; FIELD CONDITIONS; CHLOROPHYLL; PLANTS; PERCEPTION; REFLECTION; EXTENSION; SIGNALS; TOBACCO AB The influence of the amount of red light relative to far red light (red/far red ratio) on leaf-sheath elongation, leaf length, tillering, assimilate partitioning to shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content in a dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Tibet Dwarf) and seven other dwarf and standard cultivars was determined. All cultivars tested showed far red-stimulated leaf and leaf-sheath elongation except Tibet Dwarf. Tibet Dwarf was also unresponsive to a brief end-of-day exposure to far red light, although the other cultivars exhibited increased leaf-sheath and leaf length. In these cultivars, the effects of an end-of-day 5-min far red exposure were reversible by a subsequent 5-min red light exposure. Shoot/root ratios were higher and tillering was suppressed by increased far red irradiance in all cultivars except Tibet Dwarf. In addition, Tibet Dwarf was less responsive to dark-induced leaf and leaf-sheath elongation (etiolation) and retained chlorophyll in dark-adapted leaves longer than control cultivars. Tibet Dwarf did not differ from the other cultivars in leaf chlorophyll content. Western blot analysis, using an antibody against phytochrome A, showed that dark-grown Tibet Dwarf shoots contained at least twice the amount of detectable phytochrome A protein present in the other wheat cultivars. These results, plus the short, thick-stemmed, dark-pigmented phenotype of Tibet Dwarf suggest the possibility of a mutation in the phytochrome/signal transduction pathway. RP KNAUBER, DC (reprint author), USDA,NATL FORAGE SEED RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1901 EP 1908 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.1901 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400040 PM 16653215 ER PT J AU BIALEK, K COHEN, JD AF BIALEK, K COHEN, JD TI AMIDE-LINKED INDOLEACETIC-ACID CONJUGATES MAY CONTROL LEVELS OF INDOLEACETIC-ACID IN GERMINATING SEEDLINGS OF PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX L; ZEA-MAYS-L; BEAN-SEEDS; IDENTIFICATION; PLANTS AB We have shown that amide-linked IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) conjugates accumulated to high levels during maturation of bean seeds (K. Bialek and J.D. Cohen [1989] Plant Physiol 91: 775-779). In the present study, we were interested in the fate of these and other IAA conjugates during seed germination. The content of amide-linked conjugates of IAA in cotyledons declined dramatically during the first hours of imbibition. The rate of decline slowed markedly during the period of the resumption of axis growth. The level of amide-linked IAA conjugates in cotyledons remained relatively high after almost 1 week of germination. The decline of IAA conjugates in cotyledons was followed by a steady increase in the content of both free and amide-linked IAA in the embryonic axes. Amide-linked IAA conjugates were also present in the axes cultured on agar after the cotyledons were removed, which suggests that de novo production of these IAA conjugates occurs in the axis of germinating bean seedlings. A comparison of relative amounts of free and conjugated IAA in the axes of intact seedlings and axes cultured on agar showed lower levels of free IAA and higher levels of conjugated IAA in much slower growing isolated axes. These results suggest a more general role for IAA conjugates in the control of seedling growth than simply to serve as a seed storage form of auxin. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COHEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 2002 EP 2007 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.2002 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400055 PM 16653230 ER PT J AU BRAUER, DK GURRIEL, M TU, SI AF BRAUER, DK GURRIEL, M TU, SI TI EFFECTS OF SOLUBILIZATION ON THE INHIBITION OF THE P-TYPE ATPASE FROM MAIZE ROOTS BY N-(ETHOXYCARBONYL)-2-ETHOXY-1,2-DIHYDROQUINOLINE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM CA-2+-ATPASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATASE; RADIATION INACTIVATION; PROTON TRANSPORT; CALCIUM-PUMP; PLANT-CELLS; PURIFICATION; NA,K-ATPASE AB The biochemical events utilized by transport proteins to convert the chemical energy from the hydrolysis of ATP into an electro-chemical gradient are poorly understood. The inhibition of the plasma membrane ATPase from corn (Zea mays L.) roots by N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy- 1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) was compared to that of ATPase solubilized with N-tetradecyl-NN-di-methyl-3-ammonio-1-propane-sulfonate (3-14) to provide insight into the minimal functional unit. The chromatographic behavior of the 3-14-solubilized ATPase activity during size exclusion chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation indicated that the solubilized enzyme was in a monomeric form. Both plasma membrane-bound and solubilized ATPase were inhibited by EEDQ in a time- and concentration-dependent manner consistent with a first-order reaction. When the log of the reciprocal of the half-time for inhibition was plotted as a function of the log of the EEDQ concentration, straight lines were obtained with slopes of approximately 0.5 and 1.0 for membrane-bound and 3-14-solubilized ATPase, respectively, indicating a change in the number of polypeptides per functional ATPase complex induced by solubilization with 3-14. RP BRAUER, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,ROOM 1118,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 2046 EP 2051 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.2046 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400063 PM 16653238 ER PT J AU SHARON, A BAILEY, BA MCMURTRY, JP TAYLOR, R ANDERSON, JD AF SHARON, A BAILEY, BA MCMURTRY, JP TAYLOR, R ANDERSON, JD TI CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING XYLANASE MOVEMENT IN TOBACCO-LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE; SALICYLIC-ACID; PLANTS; ENDOXYLANASE; NECROSIS; ELICITOR; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; CUCUMBER AB I-125-Labeled ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) was used to study the movement of this protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)tissues.A biologically active I-125-labeled EIX was obtained using chloramine-T as the oxidizing agent. Labeled EIX was detected in the far most edges of the leaf 5 min after it was applied to the petiole of a detached leaf. EIX was distributed uniformly throughout the leaf, including the mesophyll area within 5 to 15 min, after which there was only little change in the distribution of radioactivity in the leaf. I-125-Labeled EIX was extracted from treated leaves, and EIX translocation in the leaf was blocked by preincubation of labeled EIX with anti-EIX antibodies, indicating that the intact peptide moves in the leaf. Injection of anti-EIX antibodies into the intercellular spaces of the leaf mesophyll prevented induction of necrosis by EIX, suggesting the mesophyll as the site of EIX action. EIX was translocated both to upper and lower parts of the plant when applied to a whole plant through the petiole of a cut leaf. Radioactivity was found in all leaves and in the stem, although some leaves accumulated much more EIX than others; EIX was not found in the roots. There was no difference between the accumulation pattern of EIX in fresh and ethylene-treated leaves or between sensitive (Xanthi) and insensitive (Hicks) tobacco cultivars. These data support the hypothesis that intact EIX protein is translocated to the leaf mesophyll, where it directly elicits plant defense responses. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,WEED SCI LAB,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP ANDERSON, JD (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 2059 EP 2065 DI 10.1104/pp.100.4.2059 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC924 UT WOS:A1992KC92400065 PM 16653240 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE SNODGRASS, JD HINTON, A DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE SNODGRASS, JD HINTON, A DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC CECAL MICROFLORA AND DIETARY LACTOSE ON SALMONELLA COLONIZATION IN BOBWHITE QUAIL (COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; REDUCTION; INFECTION; TURKEY; POULTS AB The effect of oral inoculation with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora from adult broiler chickens and dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization was evaluated in bobwhite quail chicks. One-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and provided 1) no anaerobic cultures, no lactose (control); 2) anaerobic cultures; 3) 2.5% lactose (wt/vol) in drinking water; or 4) anaerobic cultures and lactose. All groups were challenged orally with 10(4) S. typhimurium at 2 days of age. Salmonella growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P < .05) at 15 days of age in each of the three treatment groups as compared with controls. Protection against Salmonella colonization was highest in the treatment group provided anaerobic cultures only. The results indicated that cecal flora from adult chickens enhances Salmonella colonization resistance in quail chicks. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2022 EP 2026 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KC044 UT WOS:A1992KC04400006 PM 1470587 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS AF HOLT, PS TI EFFECT OF INDUCED MOLTING ON B-CELL AND CT4 AND CT8 T-CELL NUMBERS IN SPLEENS AND PERIPHERAL-BLOOD OF WHITE LEGHORN HENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MOLT; FASTING; FLOW CYTOMETRY; T-CELLS; IMMUNOMODULATION ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LYMPHOCYTE-T; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; FORCED MOLT; PERFORMANCE; ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; PROTECTION; CHICKENS AB Two trials were conducted to examine the possible effect of induced molting on splenic and peripheral blood T and B cells. Molting was achieved using shortened light exposure and a 14-day fast. Feed was removed on Day 0 and blood for analysis was removed on Days 3, 10, and 17 whereas spleens were removed on Days 4, 11, and 18. Fluorochrome-labeled anti-chicken CT4 and CT8 monoclonal antibodies were used to examine molting effects on chicken T cells and polyclonal anti-chicken immunoglobulin was used to detect chicken B cells. The labeled cell preparations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Molted hens had significantly decreased CT4+ peripheral blood T cells on Day 3 in both trials and on Day 10 in one trial. No effects on peripheral blood CT8+ T cells were observed. Splenic CT4+ T cells were decreased on Day 11 in one trial whereas splenic CT8+ T cells were significantly increased on Day 4 in two trials and on Day 11 in one trial. Peripheral blood and splenic B cells were largely unaffected in both trials. These results indicate that fasting to induce a molt does alter T lymphocyte subpopulations and these effects primarily occur early in the fasting procedure. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2027 EP 2034 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KC044 UT WOS:A1992KC04400007 PM 1361673 ER PT J AU DEANDA, JH SALMAN, MD MASON, J KEEFE, TJ WEBB, PA REIF, JS AKKINA, R AF DEANDA, JH SALMAN, MD MASON, J KEEFE, TJ WEBB, PA REIF, JS AKKINA, R TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS IN CATTLE IN AN ENZOOTIC REGION OF MEXICO SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB A prospective study of vesicular stomatitis was conducted in two bovine herds in southeastern Mexico. In July 1987, an initial serological screening showed that 64% and 87% of the 654 cattle tested negatively to vesicular stomatitis New Jersey and Indiana antibodies, respectively, using the plaque-reduction serum neutralization test. Most seropositive animals were at least 24 months of age. Based on the initial serological screening, cohorts of seronegative and seropositive cattle were monitered (January-December 1988) for the prevalence of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serological results, using ELISA, indicated that no VSV activity occurred in the two study herds. The seronegative cohort of cattle did not yield a positive seroconversion pattern to either VSV Indiana or New Jersey. The seropositive cohort showed a variable antibody response pattern against the VSV. There were no clinical cases of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in the two herds. The data from the national surveillance program for vesicular diseases suggested that 1988 was a year of low VSV infection incidence in southeastern Mexico. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV AUTONOMA BAJA CALIF,INST INVEST CIENCIAS VET,MEXICALI 21100,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. USDA,APHIS,FOOT & MOUTH DIS PROGRAM MEXICO,LAREDO,TX 78040. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KF570 UT WOS:A1992KF57000005 ER PT J AU PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM LIEBMAN, MN AF PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM LIEBMAN, MN TI GENERATION OF A SUBSTRUCTURE LIBRARY FOR THE DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE .2. APPLICATION TO SPECTRA-STRUCTURE CORRELATIONS IN FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN; CONFORMATION; INFRARED; SPECTROSCOPY; AMIDE-I ID GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SERINE PROTEASES; BOVINE TRYPSIN; RESOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; REFINEMENT; GEOMETRY; BANDS AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has become well known as a sensitive and informative tool for studying secondary structure in proteins. Present analysis of the conformation-sensitive amide I region in protein infrared spectra, when combined with band narrowing techniques, provides more information concerning protein secondary structure than can be meaningfully interpreted. This is due in part to limited models for secondary structure. Using the algorithm described in the previous paper of this series, we have generated a library of substructures for several trypsin-like serine proteases. This library was used as a basis for spectra-structure correlations with infrared spectra in the amide I' region, for five homologous proteins for which spectra were collected. Use of the substructure library has allowed correlations not previously possible with template-based methods of protein conformational analysis. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM39750] NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 440 EP 450 DI 10.1002/prot.340140405 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JY728 UT WOS:A1992JY72800004 PM 1438182 ER PT J AU STROMMEN, ND AF STROMMEN, ND TI CLIMATE AND CROP YIELD SO RESEARCH & EXPLORATION LA English DT Article AB Temperature and precipitation are the most common elements used to describe the worlds climate and to depict the major trends and variability of our past climate. These data also assist our understanding of what the future range of climate and weather events might be. Today's scientific debate concentrates on understanding the possible impact of rising greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. The big questions of the day are: Are these increased greenhouse gas levels sufficient to alter the natural patterns of climate change and variability? Can we detect the human-induced signal from that of nature? Does the observed climate record adequately reflect the expected changes? If the predicted change occurs, how might it affect the world food and forestry production systems? What is the relationship between the patterns and trends in climatic and yield data and those that might be expected given historic greenhouse gas levels? C1 USDA,WORLD AGR OUTLOOK BOARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 17TH AND M STS NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8755-724X J9 RES EXPLOR JI Res. Explor. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LD398 UT WOS:A1992LD39800004 ER PT J AU HENDRIX, PF MUELLER, BR BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW PARMELEE, RW AF HENDRIX, PF MUELLER, BR BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW PARMELEE, RW TI ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHWORMS IN RELATION TO LANDSCAPE FACTORS ON THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT, USA SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON EARTHWORM ECOLOGY CY JUN 11-16, 1990 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP INRA, MINIST AFFAIRES ETRANGERE FRANCE, MINIST ENVIRONM FRANCE, COUNSEIL RES PROV ALPES COTES AZUR ID NO-TILLAGE; LAND-USE; KENTUCKY; SOIL AB Abundance and distribution of earthworms were studied on the Georgia Piedmont of the Southeastern U.S.A., at sites representing various ecosystem types, management practices, landscape positions, soil textures and soil erosion status. Earthworm abundance showed distinct seasonal patterns, with winter/spring maxima and summer minima. Numbers and biomass ranged from zero in plowed, mono-cropped soil at an upland site to over 1000 m-2 (>25g ash-free dry wt m-2) in no-tillage, double-cropped soil on bottomlands. Numbers and biomass in plowed, double-cropped soil, in a bottomland forest, and in grass meadows at both upland and bottomland sites were intermediate. Soil texture, as influenced by water erosion, strongly affected earthworm abundance. Moderately and severely eroded sandy clay loam supported significantly higher earthworm numbers and biomass than did slightly eroded soil with higher sand content. This effect may have resulted from low organic content and water holding capacity of the sandy soils. Of the soil texture variables, silt content was most highly correlated with earthworm biomass. Earthworm abundance was also related to quantity and quality of plant residue inputs in the agroecosystems, and to standing stocks of soil organic carbon across all sites studied. At most agroecosystem and forest sites, the predominant earthworm species were European lumbricids; native Diplocardia spp were most prominent in a meadow soil with high organic content. C1 USDA ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP HENDRIX, PF (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 88 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1357 EP 1361 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90118-H PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KG748 UT WOS:A1992KG74800028 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ TRAINA, SJ EDWARDS, CA OWENS, LB AF EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ TRAINA, SJ EDWARDS, CA OWENS, LB TI ROLE OF LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS (L) BURROWS ON QUALITY OF INFILTRATING WATER SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON EARTHWORM ECOLOGY CY JUN 11-16, 1990 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP INRA, MINIST AFFAIRES ETRANGERE FRANCE, MINIST ENVIRONM FRANCE, COUNSEIL RES PROV ALPES COTES AZUR ID SOIL; CULTIVATION; POPULATIONS; MACROPORES AB Long-term watershed studies at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, Coshocton, Ohio have shown that when com (Zea mays L.) is planted in soil covered by the residue of the previous crop (i.e. no-tillage management), surface runoff from summer storms is greatly reduced. In addition, the residue cover provides a favorable environment for various soil invertebrates, especially earthworms. During high-intensity rainstorms, some of the water that infiltrates in no-till com fields moves rapidly downward in burrows made by the earthworms Lumbricus terrestris L. Samplers were developed for collecting infiltrating rain water flowing in L. terrestris burrows at a depth of 45 cm below the soil surface. With annual surface applications of 175 kg N ha-1 as NH4NO3, concentrations of NO3-N in water flowing in individual burrows during growing season storms ranged up to 152 mg l-1. Concentrations of NO3-N tended to be lowest after prolonged wet soil conditions and highest after intermittent warm, dry periods. Distilled water poured directly into the surface openings of L. terrestris burrows and immediately collected as it drained into samplers, contained up to 40 mg of NO3-N l-1, a value greater than that measured in many of the samples resulting from natural min storms. Water and herbicide mixtures poured through L. terrestris burrows showed that the linings of the burrow, or drilosphere, may contribute nitrogen to the infiltrating water while greatly reducing the concentrations of atrazine and alachlor. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP EDWARDS, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 19 TC 61 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1555 EP 1561 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90150-V PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KG748 UT WOS:A1992KG74800060 ER PT J AU HOGARTH, WL PARLANGE, JY STARR, JL AF HOGARTH, WL PARLANGE, JY STARR, JL TI SIMULTANEOUS NONLINEAR IRREVERSIBLE REACTION AND MOVEMENT OF SOLUTES IN SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-EQUATION; COLUMNS; KINETICS AB This paper presents an approximate analytical solution for a nonlinear irreversible reaction involving the movement of solute when two substrates are involved. The presence of the second substrate determines when the reaction will proceed. The implicit solution obtained enables the continuum of irreversible reactions to be explored through the Michaelis-Menten form. The effect of the second substrate being present or not at the start of the reaction is investigated. Validation of the approximate analytical solution is achieved by systematic comparison with a numerical solution. The effect of boundary conditions on the solution for a finite column is examined. With a change from aerobic to anaerobic conditions initially, the effect on the breakthrough curves and concentration profiles of having a nux-concentration inlet boundary condition with a zero-flux outlet condition for a finite column is compared with a fixed-concentration inlet condition for a semi-infinite column. The approximate solution is also applied to an experimental breakthrough curve to estimate nonlinear denitrification parameters. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NIR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT MATH,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. RP HOGARTH, WL (reprint author), GRIFFITH UNIV,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 154 IS 6 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1097/00010694-199212000-00006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KF598 UT WOS:A1992KF59800006 ER PT J AU ZABOWSKI, D UGOLINI, FC AF ZABOWSKI, D UGOLINI, FC TI SEASONALITY IN THE MINERAL STABILITY OF A SUB-ALPINE SPODOSOL SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL SOLUTIONS; TEPHRA; WASHINGTON AB Mineral stability in soils can be affected by seasonal changes in parameters such as solution composition and temperature. This study investigated the effects of seasonal changes in soil temperature and soil solution composition of a subalpine Spodosol on the stability of the soil clay minerals. Soil solutions were collected monthly using two methods-centrifugation and lysimetry; these two methods were utilized to determine if collection method would affect detection of seasonal differences. Stability diagrams were developed for E, Bs, and C soil horizons. As temperature effects on mineral equilibrium constants were found to be substantial in this high-elevation system, the average seasonal temperature of each horizon was used to determine mineral equilibrium lines. Stability diagrams show differences in mineral stability among horizons and between solution types. Lysimeter solutions do not show seasonal differences in mineral stability; however, the centrifuge solutions do indicate differences in mineral stability with season. An overall pattern of mineral dissolution in spring and stability in summer was found for clay minerals using the centrifuge solutions; stability during fall and winter is mineral-dependent. Changes in solution H4SiO4 were the most important factor in mineral stability of the E horizon. The seasonal path of the centrifuge solutions relative to mineral equilibrium lines varies among horizons. This seasonal cycle of mineral stability was evident in a temperate subalpine soil where environmental changes between seasons are substantial, but such cycles of mineral stability could also occur with other climatic regions. C1 UNIV FIRENZE,DIPARTIMENTO SCI SVOLO & NUTR PIANTA,I-50144 FLORENCE,ITALY. RP ZABOWSKI, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PNW RES STN,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 154 IS 6 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1097/00010694-199212000-00009 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KF598 UT WOS:A1992KF59800009 ER PT J AU SUMMY, KR MORALESRAMOS, JA KING, EG AF SUMMY, KR MORALESRAMOS, JA KING, EG TI ECOLOGY AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS (BURKS) (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) ON BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTATIONS IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HOST AB Research conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas during 1991 provided significant insight into the ecology and potential impact of Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an exotic parasite of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. An evaluation of augmentative releases conducted in a 0.6-ha release site near Weslaco (11,455 female parasites between 21 May and 12 July) revealed two important trends. First, parasitism by C. grandis was concentrated among third-stage host larvae, the majority of which (98.7%) occurred in abcised cotton squares. Second, apparent parasitism of third-instar hosts increased from an initial incidence of 0.0% on 23 May to levels approaching 100% by 15 July, at which time the host infestation had declined appreciably. These results demonstrated the ability of C. grandis to search and reproduce within the release environment, and to effectively parasitize a distinct segment of the host infestation. The attributes, limitations and potential impact of C. grandis in the south Texas cotton environment are discussed. RP SUMMY, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KK140 UT WOS:A1992KK14000001 ER PT J AU FRIESE, DD AF FRIESE, DD TI MICROALGAE SPIRULINA-MAXIMA (OSCILLATORIACEAE) IN THE LARVAL DIET OF THE SCREWWORM (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID REARING SCREWWORM; GELLED MEDIA; WEIGHT AB The effect of substitution of spray dried Spirulina maxima (Setchell and Gardiner) Geitler powder for nonfat dry milk in the diet of the larval screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was evaluated. Pupal weight and total number of pupae produced were significantly affected by concentrations of the algal powder in the formulations tested. Percent adult emergence, sex ratio, oviposition and percent eclosion were similar between the treatments. Diet formulations containing higher concentrations of S. maxima powder showed the most promise as possible substitutes for the nonfat dry milk component used in the larval diet in the screwworm production facility. Use of Spirulina spp. could lead to a savings in the dietary ingredient costs of the larval screwworm diet. RP FRIESE, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSC 20,SCREWWORM RES LAB,BOX 422,APO,MIAMI,FL 34020, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KK140 UT WOS:A1992KK14000002 ER PT J AU FINCHER, GT WANG, GT AF FINCHER, GT WANG, GT TI INJECTABLE MOXIDECTIN (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) FOR CATTLE - EFFECTS ON 2 SPECIES OF DUNG-BURYING BEETLES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Dung from steers injected subcutaneously with the parasiticide moxidectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight) was bioassayed with the dung beetles Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) and Onthophagus gazella (L.). There were no effects on the mean numbers of brood balls produced by either beetle species or on the emergence of adult beetles from brood balls constructed from the dung of injected cattle. The sex ratio of the progeny of both species was not affected by moxidectin. C1 AMER CYANAMID CO,DIV AGR RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. RP FINCHER, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KK140 UT WOS:A1992KK14000004 ER PT J AU REED, HC REED, DK ELLIOTT, NC AF REED, HC REED, DK ELLIOTT, NC TI COMPARATIVE LIFE TABLE STATISTICS OF DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE AND APHIDIUS-MATRICARIAE (HYMENOPTERA, APHIDIIDAE) ON THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC RATE; FECUNDITY; LONGEVITY; INCREASE AB Cohort life tables were developed in the laboratory for two aphidiid parasitoids, Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh and Aphidius matricariae Haliday, imported into the United States from Asia on Russian wheat aphid hosts. Age-specific survivorship began to decrease at a earlier age for D. rapae than for A. matricariae. All D. rapae died by 27 days, whereas approximately 5% of A. matricariae were still alive at that age. Female D. rapae began to oviposit at a younger age (13 days) than A. matricariae (14 days). Age-specific fecundity for D. rapae peaked at approximately 18 eggs per female at 15 days, while age-specific fecundity of A. matricariae peaked at approximately 9 eggs per female 3 days later. The overall sex ratio of progeny was more strongly female biased for D. rapae (66.9%) than A. matricariae (57.2%). The net reproductive rate was 58.6 female offspring per female for D. rapae and 37.8 female offspring per female for A. matricariae. The mean age at death for A. matricariae and D. rapae was 23.8 and 19.7 days, respectively. Mean generation time for D. rapae was approximately 2.5 days shorter than A. matricariae. The intrinsic rate of increase was greater for D. rapae (0.263) than A. matricariae (0.202). C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. RP REED, HC (reprint author), ORAL ROBERTS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,TULSA,OK 74171, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KK140 UT WOS:A1992KK14000005 ER PT J AU MULROONEY, JE PARROTT, WL WILCOX, PA AF MULROONEY, JE PARROTT, WL WILCOX, PA TI PERFORMANCE OF LABORATORY STRAINS OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN FEEDING TESTS AS AFFECTED BY OUTCROSSING TO THE WILD SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM; COTTON; RESISTANCE AB Two populations of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), colonized in the laboratory for three and 48 generations, respectively, were fed artificial diet treated with gossypol acetic acid (0.0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.2 % of diet) in 1984. In 1990, three populations, varying in the number of generations in the laboratory since outcrossing to the wild, were fed diet treated with gossypol acetic acid (0.0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% of diet). Three strains were fed on standard artificial diet and cotton leaves in 1991. In 1984, larvae from the population that had been reared in the laboratory the longest were larger and more tolerant of gossypol; larval growth on gossypol treated diets was similar for each strain in 1990. The strain in culture the longest without infusion of wild genes contained individuals that were larger and reached pupation faster than individuals from the other two populations. In 1991, survival and growth of larvae from the strain in the laboratory the longest without infusion of wild genes was greater on artificial diet; however, the survival on cotton leaves was below that of the most recently outcrossed strain. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP MULROONEY, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KK140 UT WOS:A1992KK14000007 ER PT J AU ALLISON, MJ MAYBERRY, WR MCSWEENEY, CS STAHL, DA AF ALLISON, MJ MAYBERRY, WR MCSWEENEY, CS STAHL, DA TI SYNERGISTES-JONESII, GEN-NOV, SP-NOV - A RUMEN BACTERIUM THAT DEGRADES TOXIC PYRIDINEDIOLS SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEUCAENA; MIMOSINE; RUMEN BACTERIA; PYRIDINEDIOL DETOXIFICATION; SYNERGISTES-JONESII GEN NOV, SP NOV ID LEUCAENA; GOATS; MIMOSINE; ACIDS; DHP; RNA AB This study was conducted to identify and characterize rumen bacteria that are able to degrade the toxic compound, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4 DHP), that is produced in the rumen from mimosine. Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid that is found in leaves and seeds of Leucaena leucocephala, a leguminous tree used as a forage crop for ruminants in the tropics, and degradation of 3,4 DHP by ruminal microbes is critical for protection of animals from leucaena toxicity. Microbes with this capacity are, however, not ubiquitous and microbial populations in the rumens of animals in some parts of the world are unable to metabolize 3,4 DHP. Four strains of obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that degrade 3,4 DHP were isolated from rumen contents from a goat in Hawaii. The isolates do not ferment carbohydrates, but are able to use both 3,4 DHP and its isomer, 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone (2,3 DHP), as well as arginine and histidine as substrates for growth. Comparisons of the 16S rRNA sequence from one of these isolates with sequences from a widely diverse group of bacteria agree with other information indicating that these isolates do not fit into any existing taxon. Thus, we are hereby proposing a new genus and species designation, Synergistes jonesii, for these organisms. C1 E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JAMES H QUILLEN COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ALLISON, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI McSweeney, Chris/C-3688-2012 NR 35 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 14 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 522 EP 529 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KJ208 UT WOS:A1992KJ20800005 ER PT J AU HORN, RA WEGNER, TH KUGLER, DE AF HORN, RA WEGNER, TH KUGLER, DE TI NEWSPRINT FROM BLENDS OF KENAF CTMP AND DEINKED RECYCLED NEWSPRINT SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CHEMITHERMOMECHANICAL PULPS; DEINKING; KENAF; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MIXTURES; NEWSPRINT; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; RECLAIMED FIBERS; RECYCLING AB Trials on a pilot-plant paper machine were carried out to determine the suitability of using kenaf chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) as a reinforcement pulp in news print furnishes containing deinked recycled newsprint. Data indicate that an acceptable newsprint can be produced using a blend of 25% kenaf CTMP and 75% deinked recycled newsprint. These results suggest that kenaf CTMP fiber can he used as a reinforcement pulp instead of expensive semibleached softwood kraft fiber. C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,OFF AGR MAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HORN, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 12 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA KB341 UT WOS:A1992KB34100011 ER PT J AU PALMER, RG AF PALMER, RG TI CONDITIONAL LETHALITY INVOLVING A CYTOPLASMIC MUTANT AND CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE MUTANTS IN SOYBEAN SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SOYBEAN; GLYCINE-MAX; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE; NUCLEAR; ORGANELLE INTERACTION AB Conditional lethality in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., occurred in F2 plants when cytoplasmic-chlorophyll mutant Genetic Type T275 was the female parent and when either nuclear mutants T253 or T323 plants were the male parents. Mutant T253 [Mdh1-n (Urbana) y20 (Urbana) k2] is missing two of three mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isozymes [Mdh1-n (Urbana)] and has yellowish-green leaves [y20 (Urbana)] and a tan-saddle pattern seed coat (k2). Mutant T323 [Mdh1-n (Ames 2) y20 (Ames 2)] also is missing two of three mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isozymes [Mdh1-n (Ames 2)] and has yellowish-green leaves [y20 (Ames 2)], but has yellow seed coat (K2). Mutants T275, T253, and T323 are viable both in the field and glasshouse. The genotypes cyt-Y2 Mdh1-n (Urbana) y20 (Urbana) k2/Mdh1-n (Urbana) y20 (Urbana) k2 and cyt-Y2 Mdh1-n (Ames 2) y20 (Ames 2)/Mdh1-n (Ames 2) y20 (Ames 2) are conditional lethals. These genotypes are lethal under field conditions, but plants survive in reduced light under shadecloth in the glasshouse. We do not know if their interaction with cyt-Y2 is due to Mdh1-n, y20, or Mdh1-n y20. The reciprocal cross (cyt-Y2 as male parent) gives viable genotypes. These conditional lethal genotypes should be useful for studies on the interaction between organelle and nuclear genomes. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP PALMER, RG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KE522 UT WOS:A1992KE52200002 PM 24197451 ER PT J AU PAULIS, JW BIETZ, JA BOGYO, TP NELSEN, TC DARRAH, LL ZUBER, MS AF PAULIS, JW BIETZ, JA BOGYO, TP NELSEN, TC DARRAH, LL ZUBER, MS TI EXPRESSION OF A/B ZEINS IN SINGLE AND DOUBLE MAIZE ENDOSPERM MUTANTS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; ZEIN; PROLAMINS; MUTANTS; GENES; HPLC; QUANTITATION; EPISTASIS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; SEPARATION AB Zeins, the major endosperm proteins in maize (Zea mays L.), are deficient in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Some mutant genes, like opaque-2 (o2) and floury-2 (fl2), reduce the levels of A- and B-zeins, thereby improving maize's nutritional value. Other mutants, such as amylose-extender (ae), floury-1 (fl1), soft starch (h), dull-1 (du), shrunken-1 (sh1), sugary-1 (su1), sugary-2 (su2), and waxy (wx), primarily affect starch composition, but also alter zein composition. We undertook this study to examine the effects of some of these mutant genes on A/B-zein composition and to study the interactions of these genes in double-mutant combinations. Endosperm prolamins were extracted from inbred B37, ten near-isogenic single mutants (ae, du, fl1, fl2, h, o2, sh1, su1, su2, and wx), and most double-mutant combinations. Zeins in these extracts were fractionated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) into 22-24 peaks. Of the resulting 22 major peaks the areas of 16 (per milligram endosperm) were significantly affected by individual mutant genes relative to the zein composition of the normal inbred. In combination these genes exhibited significant epistatic interactions in regulating the expression of individual A/B zeins. Epistatic interactions were judged to be significant when the amount of a peak in a double mutant differed from the averages for the peak in the two respective single mutants. The o2 gene, alone and in combination with other mutant genes, significantly decreased the amounts of many individual zeins. The effect of the o2 gene was the greatest of all the genes examined. Various clustering techniques were used to see if mutant effects could be grouped; among these was principal component analysis, a multivariate statistical technique that analyzes all peak sizes simultaneously. Three-dimensional scatter graphs were constructed based on the first three principal components. For the single mutants, these showed no relationships to gene actions; for the double mutants, however, this technique showed that four single mutants, o2, sh1, su1 and su2, had the greatest effects on zein composition when combined with each other and with the remaining six single mutants. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP PAULIS, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KE522 UT WOS:A1992KE52200005 PM 24197454 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, PR DOEBLEY, J SCHERTZ, KF STEC, A AF ALDRICH, PR DOEBLEY, J SCHERTZ, KF STEC, A TI PATTERNS OF ALLOZYME VARIATION IN CULTIVATED AND WILD SORGHUM-BICOLOR SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM; ISOZYME; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DOMESTICATION; CONSERVATION ID POLYMORPHISM; POACEAE AB Patterns of allozyme variation were surveyed in collections of cultivated and wild sorghum from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Data for 30 isozyme loci from a total of 2067 plants representing 429 accessions were analyzed. Regional levels of genetic diversity in the cultivars are greater in northern and central Africa compared to southern Africa, the Middle East, or Asia. The spatial distribution of individual alleles at the most variable loci was studied by plotting allele frequencies on geographic maps covering the distribution of sorghum. Generally, many of the alleles with frequencies below 0.25 are localized in specific portions of the range and are commonly present in more than one race in that region. Several alleles occur in both wild and cultivated sorghum of one region and are absent from sorghum elsewhere, suggesting local introgression between the wild and cultivated forms. Although the same most common allele was found in the wild and cultivated gene pools at 29 of the 30 loci, phenetic analyses separated the majority of wild collections from the cultivars, indicating that the two gene pools are distinct. Wild sorghum from northeast and central Africa exhibits greater genetic similarities to the cultivars compared to wild sorghum of northwest or southern Africa. This is consistent with the theory that wild sorghum of northeast-central Africa is ancestral to domesticated sorghum. Wild sorghums of race arundinaceum of northwest Africa and race virgatum from Egypt are shown to be genetically distinct from both other forms of wild sorghum and from the cultivars. Suggestions for genetic conservation are presented in light of these data. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77843. NR 25 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 451 EP 460 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KE522 UT WOS:A1992KE52200011 PM 24197460 ER PT J AU HAWK, HW NEL, ND WATERMAN, RA WALL, RJ AF HAWK, HW NEL, ND WATERMAN, RA WALL, RJ TI INVESTIGATION OF MEANS TO IMPROVE RATES OF FERTILIZATION IN INVITRO MATURED INVITRO FERTILIZED BOVINE OOCYTES SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUMULUS CELLS; EMBRYO CULTURE; CLEAVAGE; EXPANDED BLASTOCYSTS ID DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; MATURATION; CELLS; EMBRYOS AB Experiments were conducted with 5,979 oocytes to determine whether detaching some of the cumulus cells from oocytes either before or after maturation would improve the fertilization rate and proportion of oocytes that developed to expanded blastocysts. Oocytes were aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered cows and matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. Pipetting immature oocytes before maturation to detach some of the cumulus, with all cumulus cells left in the maturation wells, significantly increased fertilization rates, especially of oocytes that initially had a full cumulus investment. In further experiments, pipetting oocytes either before or after maturation to detach most of the cumulus, or treating with hyaluronidase after maturation to disperse the cumulus, significantly increased fertilization rates and proportions of oocytes developing to expanded blastocysts. RP HAWK, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 38 IS 6 BP 989 EP 998 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90113-6 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA KC101 UT WOS:A1992KC10100001 PM 16727197 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, RK AF CAMPBELL, RK TI GENOTYPE-ASTERISK ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION - A CASE-STUDY FOR DOUGLAS-FIR IN WESTERN OREGON SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; GENETIC VARIATION; TREE HEIGHT; STABILITY; AMMI MODEL; EBERHARDT-RUSSELL COEFFICIENTS AB Unrecognized genotype x environment interactions (g*e) can bias genetic-gain predictions and models for predicting growth dynamics or species perturbations by global climate change. This study tested six sets of families in 10 plantation sites in a 78-thousand-hectare breeding zone. Plantation differences accounted for 71 percent of sums of squares (15-year heights), replications an additional 4.4 percent, families 1.9 percent, the first principal component of interaction effects 3.5 percent, and the second principal component 1.2 percent. Results in this study and in a larger survey (87 sets in 10 breeding zones) were similar: 51 percent of sets indicated significant g*e. In 46 percent of sets, the g*e interaction-family variance ratio was greater than 1; in 35 percent, greater than 1.5; and in 10 percent, greater than 5. RP CAMPBELL, RK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 1992 IS 455 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KR107 UT WOS:A1992KR10700001 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, DM BETTERS, DR TURNER, MT GAINES, RE AF DONNELLY, DM BETTERS, DR TURNER, MT GAINES, RE TI THINNING EVEN-AGED FOREST STANDS - BEHAVIOR OF SINGULAR PATH SOLUTIONS IN OPTIMAL-CONTROL ANALYSES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Optimal control theory (OCT) is one method to determine when and how much to thin even-aged timber stands. Based on one common OCT application, the volume level of the residual stand follows what is called the singular path. The analysis shows how the singular path changes as stand growth and financial parameters change. RP DONNELLY, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 1992 IS RM-307 BP U1 EP 12 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KR608 UT WOS:A1992KR60800001 ER PT J AU CALVERT, JG OGAWA, R YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K AF CALVERT, JG OGAWA, R YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K TI IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE FOWLPOX VIRUS HOMOLOG OF THE VACCINIA VIRUS P37K MAJOR ENVELOPE ANTIGEN GENE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROTEIN; RELEASE; DISSEMINATION; POLYPEPTIDE; PROMOTER; N1-ISONICOTINOYL-N2-3-METHYL-4-CHLOROBENZOYLHYDRAZINE; RECOMBINANTS; MEMBRANES C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 191 IS 2 BP 783 EP 792 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90254-M PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA JZ987 UT WOS:A1992JZ98700027 PM 1333124 ER PT J AU MINAFRA, A HADIDI, A MARTELLI, GP AF MINAFRA, A HADIDI, A MARTELLI, GP TI DETECTION OF GRAPEVINE CLOSTEROVIRUS-A IN INFECTED GRAPEVINE TISSUE BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE GRAPEVINE CLOSTEROVIRUS-A; CDNA; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS ID VIROIDS; ASSAY AB Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was successfully applied to detection of GVA RNA in nucleic acid extracts of infected grapevines. In particular, an artificially synthesized DNA primer set designed to amplify a GVA cDNA fragment of 430 base pairs, specifically detected GVA RNA sequences in extracts from infected grapevine tissues such as leaves from in vitro-grown explants, leaves from greenhouse-grown rooted cuttings, and bark scrapings of mature canes from field-grown vines. The detection limit of GVA RNA by RT-PCR was estimated to be 200 fold higher than that obtained by molecular hybridization or ELISA. C1 UNIV BARI,DIPARTIMENTO PROTEZ PIANTE MALATTIE,VIA AMENDOLA 165-A,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. CNR,CTR STUDIO VIRUS & VIROSI COLTURE MEDITERRANEE,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUNDESFORSCHUNGSANSTALT REBENZUECHTUNG GEILWEILERHOF PI SIEBELDINGEN PA D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PD DEC PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL579 UT WOS:A1992KL57900007 ER PT J AU BULL, EL HOLTHAUSEN, RS BRIGHT, LR AF BULL, EL HOLTHAUSEN, RS BRIGHT, LR TI COMPARISON OF 3 TECHNIQUES TO MONITOR MARTEN SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REGION,PORTLAND,OR 97208. OREGON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,PORTLAND,OR 97207. RP BULL, EL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 7 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 406 EP 410 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000009 ER PT J AU BEIER, P LOE, S AF BEIER, P LOE, S TI A CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING IMPACTS TO WILDLIFE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SMALL MAMMALS; CONSERVATION; BIRDS C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US FOREST SERV,SAN BERNARDINO NATL FOREST,SAN BERNARDINO,CA 92408. RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 434 EP 440 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000015 ER PT J AU WAUER, RH WUNDERLE, JM AF WAUER, RH WUNDERLE, JM TI THE EFFECT OF HURRICANE HUGO ON BIRD POPULATIONS ON ST-CROIX, UNITED-STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Bird populations were sampled along road transects eight months after Hurricane Hugo struck St. Croix, at sites previously sampled on similar dates in 1987. Surveys revealed 33 species both before and after the hurricane, of which 30 species were detected during both samples. However, the average number of birds per stop was significantly lower after the storm's passage than before. No pattern was evident in the changes of aquatic species, but this may reflect limited sample sizes. Among terrestrial species, higher proportions of nectarivores and fruit/seedeaters declined than insectivores or raptors, suggesting that the storm's greatest stress occurred after its passage rather than during its impact. Populations of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) declined on one transect and increased on another, a pattern consistent with inter-habitat migration. The fruit/seed diet, low population size, and restriction to remnant forest fragments of the Bridled Quail-Dove (Geotrygon mystacea) may explain the significant population decline of this species and its disappearance from traditional sites. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 104 IS 4 BP 656 EP 673 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KH819 UT WOS:A1992KH81900007 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC AF ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC TI IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDUES INVOLVED IN ACTIVE-SITE FORMATION IN ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PROSTATIC-ACID-PHOSPHATASE; HUMAN PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRUCTURAL GENE; SEQUENCE; CLONING; ENZYME RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 672 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KJ585 UT WOS:A1992KJ58500007 PM 1335713 ER PT J AU DISCHINGER, HC ULLAH, AHJ AF DISCHINGER, HC ULLAH, AHJ TI IMMOBILIZATION OF ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE BY CARBOHYDRATE MOIETIES ONTO CROSS-LINKED AGAROSE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE; CALCIUM; CHANNELS RP DISCHINGER, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 672 BP 583 EP 587 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KJ585 UT WOS:A1992KJ58500081 ER PT J AU BINGHAM, EW MCGRANAGHAN, MB WICKHAM, ED LEUNG, CT FARRELL, HM AF BINGHAM, EW MCGRANAGHAN, MB WICKHAM, ED LEUNG, CT FARRELL, HM TI CA2+-ATPASES AND MG2+-ATPASES IN THE GOLGI-APPARATUS AND MICROSOMES OF THE LACTATING MAMMARY-GLANDS OF COWS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANES RP BINGHAM, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 671 BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb43816.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KJ584 UT WOS:A1992KJ58400038 PM 1288338 ER PT J AU KANEMASU, ET VERMA, SB SMITH, EA FRITSCHEN, LJ WESELY, M FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP WEAVER, H STEWART, JB GURNEY, R PANIN, G MONCRIEFF, JB AF KANEMASU, ET VERMA, SB SMITH, EA FRITSCHEN, LJ WESELY, M FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP WEAVER, H STEWART, JB GURNEY, R PANIN, G MONCRIEFF, JB TI SURFACE FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN FIFE - AN OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; RADIATION; BALANCE AB In 1987 the Surface Flux Group of the first ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) operated 22 stations at 20 sites. In 1989, 13 sites were instrumented. A variety of sensors were employed to calculate the fluxes of mass and energy. An effort was made throughout the FIFE campaign to compare sensors. A series of papers in this special issue present these group studies and efforts. These papers principally report the 1987 campaign, although two papers report station intercomparison during 1989. Additional papers examine the time-space variability of heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes, as well as analyses of the properties of the CO2 fluxes and their relationships to water stress. In this overview paper we describe the basic methodologies of the measurements, provide details on the sensor systems used by members of the Surface Flux Group, and provide a summary of the flux articles appearing in this special issue. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19717. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80201. UK INST HYDROL,WALLINGFORD,ENGLAND. UNIV READING,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND. ACAD SCI,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,MOSCOW,USSR. UNIV EDINBURGH,INST ECOL & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,EDINBURGH EH8 9YL,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RP KANEMASU, ET (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. RI Panin, Gennadiy/P-6227-2014 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18547 EP 18555 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000018 ER PT J AU SMITH, EA HSU, AY CROSSON, WL FIELD, RT FRITSCHEN, LJ GURNEY, RJ KANEMASU, ET KUSTAS, WP NIE, D SHUTTLEWORTH, WJ STEWART, JB VERMA, SB WEAVER, HL WESELY, ML AF SMITH, EA HSU, AY CROSSON, WL FIELD, RT FRITSCHEN, LJ GURNEY, RJ KANEMASU, ET KUSTAS, WP NIE, D SHUTTLEWORTH, WJ STEWART, JB VERMA, SB WEAVER, HL WESELY, ML TI AREA-AVERAGED SURFACE FLUXES AND THEIR TIME-SPACE VARIABILITY OVER THE FIFE EXPERIMENTAL DOMAIN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BUDGET MICROCLIMATES; DEEP VALLEY RADIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IMPACT; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CIRCULATIONS; BALANCE; HEAT AB The underlying mean and variance properties of surface net radiation, soil heat flux, and sensible-latent heat fluxes are examined over the densely instrumented grassland region encompassing the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE). Twenty-two surface flux stations at 20 sites were deployed during the four 1987 intensive field campaigns (IFCs). Flux variability is addressed together with the problem of scaling up to area-averaged fluxes. Successful parameterization of area-averaged fluxes in atmospheric models is based on accounting for internal spatial and temporal scales correctly. Mean and variance properties of fluxes are examined in both daily and diurnally averaged frameworks. Results are compared and contrasted for clear and cloudy situations and checked for the influence of surface-induced biophysical controls (burn and grazing treatments) and topographic controls (slope factors and aspect ratios). Examination of the sensitivity of domain-averaged fluxes to different averaging procedures demonstrates that this may be an important consideration. The results reveal six key features of the 1987 surface fluxes: (1) cloudiness variability and ample rainfall throughout the growing season led to near-consistency in flux magnitudes during the first three IFCs; (2) burn treatment, grazing conditions, and topography have clearly delineated influences on the diurnal cycle flux amplitudes but do not alter the evaporative fraction significantly; (3) cloudiness is the major control on flux variability in terms of both mean and variance properties but has little impact on the Bowen ratio or evaporative fraction; (4) spatial weighting of fluxes based on a biophysical-topographical cross stratification generates a measurable bias with respect to straight arithmetic averaging (up to 20 W m-2 in available heating); (5) structure function analysis demonstrates significant underlying spatial autocorrelation structure in the fluxes, but the observed distance dependence is due to cloudiness controls, not surface controls; (6) Monte Carlo analysis of high resolution vegetation indices obtained from SPOT satellite measurements suggest that the mean domain amplitudes of the diurnal sensible and latent heat flux cycles can be biased up to 30-40 W m-2 by repositioning the 20 site locations within the experimental domain. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV, SUPERCOMP COMPUTAT RES INST, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UNIV DELAWARE, COLL MARINE, NEWARK, DE 19718 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL FOREST RESOURCES, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, EVAPOTRANSPIRAT LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. INST HYDROL, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, OXON, ENGLAND. UNIV NEBRASKA, CTR AGR METEOROL & CLIMATOL, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM RES, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RP SMITH, EA (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT METEOROL, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. NR 45 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18599 EP 18622 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000021 ER PT J AU FIELD, RT FRITSCHEN, LJ KANEMASU, ET SMITH, EA STEWART, JB VERMA, SB KUSTAS, WP AF FIELD, RT FRITSCHEN, LJ KANEMASU, ET SMITH, EA STEWART, JB VERMA, SB KUSTAS, WP TI CALIBRATION, COMPARISON, AND CORRECTION OF NET-RADIATION INSTRUMENTS USED DURING FIFE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Net all-wave radiation was observed at 22 surface sites during the 1987 observation year of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE). Eight groups of investigators employed seven different designs of net radiometer by five different manufacturers. To establish true differences in received net radiation among sites requires knowledge of differences due to instrument performance. After careful Sun/shade calibration, side-by-side comparison revealed daytime differences as large as 5 to 7% for instruments of the same manufacture and 10 to 15% between manufacturer. rhe largest differences are between instruments with so-called "thin windows" and "thick windows" and between instruments of "double-dome" and "single-dome" design. Comparisons with four-component reference net radiation observations reveal that the double-dome and thick window instruments have substantially lower sensitivity to longwave (thermal) net radiation than to shortwave (solar) net radiation. The magnitude of the sensitivity difference is greater when the sky is clear than when cloudy. Observations with thin window instruments agreed more closely with the reference component net radiation. Field observations made with double-dome radiometers can be corrected when net shortwave radiation is separately measured. Such a correction is shown to reduce the systematic root-mean-square differences among instruments to between one half and one quarter of those shown by uncorrected measurements. When net shortwave radiation is not available, correction according to a regression comparison against a "standard" net radiometer may be used. This reduced the systematic root-mean-square differences by up to one half of their uncorrected values. From this analysis it is estimated that the regression corrected daytime net radiation observations reported to the FIFE Information System include systematic-root-mean-square instrumental differences of 15 to 35 W m-2. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. INST HYDROL,WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB,OXON,ENGLAND. UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR AGR METEOROL & CLIMATOL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP FIELD, RT (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,CTR REMOTE SENSING,NEWARK,DE 19718, USA. NR 11 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18681 EP 18695 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000028 ER PT J AU NIE, D KANEMASU, ET FRITSCHEN, LJ WEAVER, HL SMITH, EA VERMA, SB FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP STEWART, JB AF NIE, D KANEMASU, ET FRITSCHEN, LJ WEAVER, HL SMITH, EA VERMA, SB FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP STEWART, JB TI AN INTERCOMPARISON OF SURFACE-ENERGY FLUX MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS USED DURING FIFE 1987 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB During FIFE 1987, surface energy fluxes were measured at 22 flux sites by nine groups of scientists using different measuring systems. A rover Bowen ratio station was taken to 20 of the flux stations to serve as a reference for estimating the instrument-related differences. The rover system was installed within a few meters from the host instrument of a site. Using linear regression analysis, net radiation, Bowen ratio, and latent heat fluxes were compared between the rover measurements and the host measurements. The average differences in net radiation, Bowen ratio, and latent heat flux from different types of instruments can be up to 10, 30, and 20%, respectively. The Didcot net radiometer gave higher net radiation while the Swissteco type showed lower values, as compared to the corrected radiation energy balance system (REBS) model. The four-way components method and the Thornthwaite type give similar values to the REBS. The surface energy radiation balance systems type Bowen ratio systems exhibit slightly lower Bowen ratios and thus higher latent heat fluxes, compared to the arid zone evapotranspiration systems. Eddy correlation systems showed slightly lower latent heat flux in comparison to the Bowen ratio systems. It is recommended that users of the flux data take these differences into account. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL & CLIMATOL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19718. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST HYDROL,WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB,OXON,ENGLAND. RP NIE, D (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 11 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18715 EP 18724 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000030 ER PT J AU POLLEY, HW NORMAN, JM ARKEBAUER, TJ WALTERSHEA, EA GREEGOR, DH BRAMER, B AF POLLEY, HW NORMAN, JM ARKEBAUER, TJ WALTERSHEA, EA GREEGOR, DH BRAMER, B TI LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE OF ANDROPOGON-GERARDII VITMAN, PANICUM-VIRGATUM L, AND SORGHASTRUM-NUTANS (L) NASH IN A TALLGRASS PRAIRIE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; LARREA-DIVARICATA; ABSCISIC-ACID; DESERT SHRUB; WATER-STRESS; LEAVES; TEMPERATURE; DROUGHT; GROWTH; C-3 AB Net CO2 assimilation as a function of internal CO2 and stomatal conductance to water vapor were measured on blades of the C4 grasses Andropogon gerardii Vitman, Panicum virgatum L., and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in northeast Kansas over two growing seasons to determine the comparative physiological responses of these dominant grasses of the tallgrass prairie to environmental variables. The response of dark respiration to temperature and of net assimilation to CO2 concentration and absorbed quantum flux differed little among species. A. gerardii had lower potential photosynthetic rates at internal CO2 concentrations below saturation than P. virgatum and S. nutans, but net assimilation under ambient conditions was similar in the three species. Net assimilation and both the initial slope of assimilation versus internal CO2 curves and the maximum potential assimilation rate decreased as leaf water potential declined in blades of A. gerardii and S. nutans. Changes in assimilation capacity were paralleled by changes in stomatal conductance that were similar in all three species. The strong correlations among processes regulating leaf CO2 assimilation and transpiration in A. gerardii, P. virgatum, and S. nutans suggest that the processes are tightly and similarly coupled in these grasses over a wide range of environmental conditions encountered in the tallgrass prairie. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NEBRASKA WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LINCOLN,NE 68504. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT METEOROL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP POLLEY, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18837 EP 18844 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000041 ER PT J AU DENG, XW MATSUI, M WEI, N WAGNER, D CHU, AM FELDMANN, KA QUAIL, PH AF DENG, XW MATSUI, M WEI, N WAGNER, D CHU, AM FELDMANN, KA QUAIL, PH TI COP1, AN ARABIDOPSIS REGULATORY GENE, ENCODES A PROTEIN WITH BOTH A ZINC-BINDING MOTIF AND A G-BETA HOMOLOGOUS DOMAIN SO CELL LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION; GLUCOSE REPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SHOWS HOMOLOGY; SUBUNIT GENE; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; LIGHT; PHYTOCHROME AB Plant seedling development is capable of following 1 of 2 distinct morphogenic pathways: skotomorphogenesis in darkness and photomorphogenesis in light. Dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings with recessive mutations at the constitutively photomorphogenic (COP1) locus indicate that the wild-type COP1 protein represses photomorphogenesis in darkness and that light reverses this repressive activity. Using a T-DNA-tagged mutant, we have cloned the COP1 locus. The amino-terminal half of the encoded protein contains a conserved zinc-binding motif, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half contains a domain homologous to the WD-40 repeat motif of G(beta) proteins. The presence of both a putative DNA-binding motif and a G protein-related domain in a single polypeptide suggests that COP1 may be the first of a new class of regulatory molecules. This novel structure could endow COP1 with the capacity to function as a negative transcriptional regulator capable of direct interaction with components of the G protein signaling pathway. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP DENG, XW (reprint author), YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,OSBORN MEM LABS,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511, USA. RI Matsui, Minami/A-5235-2016; OI Matsui, Minami/0000-0001-5162-2668; Wagner, Doris/0000-0003-4656-2490 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1-R29-GM47850-01] NR 50 TC 370 Z9 396 U1 5 U2 35 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD NOV 27 PY 1992 VL 71 IS 5 BP 791 EP 801 DI 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90555-Q PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JZ633 UT WOS:A1992JZ63300009 PM 1423630 ER PT J AU MCGAUGHEY, WH WHALON, ME AF MCGAUGHEY, WH WHALON, ME TI MANAGING INSECT RESISTANCE TO BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HD-73 DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; SUBSP KURSTAKI; HESSIAN FLY; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; PREDICTING DURABILITY AB Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) delta-endotoxins provide an alternative to chemical insecticides for controlling many species of pest insects. Recent biotechnological developments offer the promise of even greater use of B.t. toxins in genetically transformed pest-resistant crops. However, the discovery that insects can adapt to these toxins raises concerns about the long-term usefulness of B.t. toxins. Several methods for managing the development of resistance to B.t. toxins have been suggested, but none of these approaches offer clear advantages in all situations. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP MCGAUGHEY, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 97 TC 315 Z9 339 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 27 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5087 BP 1451 EP 1455 DI 10.1126/science.258.5087.1451 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JZ625 UT WOS:A1992JZ62500020 PM 17755107 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP SYLVESTER, HA WONGSIRI, S DEGUZMAN, LI AF RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP SYLVESTER, HA WONGSIRI, S DEGUZMAN, LI TI EVOLUTION OF BEE DANCES SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 26 PY 1992 VL 360 IS 6402 BP 305 EP 305 DI 10.1038/360305a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JZ630 UT WOS:A1992JZ63000036 ER PT J AU DUBAYAH, R VANKATWIJK, V AF DUBAYAH, R VANKATWIJK, V TI THE TOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL INCOMING SOLAR-RADIATION IN THE RIO-GRANDE RIVER BASIN SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPINE AB We model the annual incoming solar radiation topoclimatology for the Rio Grande River basin in Colorado, U.S.A. Hourly pyranometer measurements are combined with satellite reflectance data and 30 m digital elevation models within a topographic solar radiation algorithm. Our results show that there is large spatial variability within the basin, even at an annual integration length, but the annual, basin-wide mean is close to that measured by the pyranometers. The variance within 16 km2 and 100 km2 regions is a linear function of the average slope in the region, suggesting a possible parameterization for sub-grid cell variability. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING STUDIES LAB,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DUBAYAH, R (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT GEOG,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 22 BP 2231 EP 2234 DI 10.1029/92GL02284 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KA015 UT WOS:A1992KA01500012 ER PT J AU LENSSEN, AW SORENSEN, EL POSLER, GL STUTEVILLE, DL AF LENSSEN, AW SORENSEN, EL POSLER, GL STUTEVILLE, DL TI FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA PROTECTED BY RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL LEAF-SPOT SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; FERULIC ACID; DIGESTION; DIGESTIBILITY AB Bacterial leaf spot (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfae Dye (Xca), can prevent stand establishment and decrease the yield and persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the central USA. Previous studies have shown that BLS inoculation may affect concentrations of monophenolic compounds and thus alter the forage quality of alfalfa. In a controlled environment, comparisons were made of forage quality, including phenolic monomers, of alfalfa cv. Kanza (susceptible) and KS76 germplasm (derived from Kanza, resistant) with and without inoculation with Xca. The cultivar X inoculation interactions were non-significant (P>0.05) for all parameters determined for leaves and stems. Leaves from Xca-inoculated plants had more neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, permanganate lignin and cellulose, and less true in vitro digestible dry matter, than did leaves from uninoculated plants. The nutritive value of stems was not altered by inoculation. Regardless of inoculation treatment, leaves had a five times greater concentration of total phenolics than did stems, yet neutral detergent fiber from stems was less digested than that from leaves. Across inoculations, leaves of BLS-resistant KS76 had superior forage quality, including lower concentrations of ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, than leaves of BLS-susceptible Kanza. The Xca-inoculated stems had lower p-coumaric and ferulic acids and total phenolics than uninoculated controls. Stems of Kanza had higher concentrations of ferulic acid and total phenolics than stems of KS76. Resistance to BLS in KS76 protected nutritive value of leaves. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT POLIT SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD NOV 16 PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90031-Z PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KA485 UT WOS:A1992KA48500005 ER PT J AU STEELE, JH ENGEL, RE AF STEELE, JH ENGEL, RE TI RADIATION PROCESSING OF FOOD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPEC SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP STEELE, JH (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX 77225, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 10 BP 1522 EP 1529 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JY175 UT WOS:A1992JY17500020 PM 1289328 ER PT J AU HAMBERG, M GARDNER, HW AF HAMBERG, M GARDNER, HW TI OXYLIPIN PATHWAY TO JASMONATES - BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE LIPOXYGENASE; JASMONIC ACID; OXYLIPIN; STRESS ID VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN; PLANT-GROWTH REGULATOR; BARLEY LEAF SEGMENTS; ACID ALLENE OXIDES; VICIA-FABA L; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES; GERMINATING SOYBEAN SEEDS; OXYGENATED FATTY-ACIDS; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTHS C1 NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL. RP HAMBERG, M (reprint author), KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT PHYSIOL CHEM,BOX 60400,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. NR 247 TC 203 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD NOV 11 PY 1992 VL 1165 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90069-8 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JZ048 UT WOS:A1992JZ04800001 PM 1420338 ER PT J AU WANJURA, DF AF WANJURA, DF TI REFLECTANCE RELATIONS IN ROW CROP SCENES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; PLANT CANOPY; VEGETATION; SOIL; ANGLE AB Models that relate composite reflectance to its components are useful for inferring crop growth information from measured scene reflectance. Radiation measurements in Thematic Mapper bands (TM1, TM2, TM3, and TM4) were made from cotton, soybean, sunflower and grain sorghum at three stages of growth and used to evaluate three reflectance models. Two models, AIRM1 and AIRM2, assumed that scene components contribute in an additive independent manner to composite reflectance. The third model, TRIM, assumes that radiation transmitted through the canopy interacts with bare soil in two scene components. The AIRM2 and TRIM models divide the composite reflectance into canopy, bare soil, and shadow components, but AIRM 1 considers only canopy and bare soil. Ranking of models in order of decreasing accuracy for predicting composite reflectance in bands TM3 and TM4 was AIRM2, TRIM, and AIRM1. The AIRM1 and AIRM2 models estimated average TM3 reflectance at full plant cover between 1 and 4 per cent for all crops. Their estimations in band TM4 were 60 per cent for cotton, soybean, and sunflower with grain sorghum being 50 per cent. Measured canopy and composite reflectances were graphically compared at the lowest and highest levels of canopy cover observed in each crop. Measured band TM3 canopy reflectance did not change with solar zenith angle, composite reflectance decreased with increasing zenith angle at the lowest canopy cover levels but was invariant at the highest canopy cover levels. Measured band TM4 canopy reflectance increased linearly with increasing solar zenith angle in all crops, but for composite reflectance this pattern was observed only at the highest canopy cover levels of cotton and soybean. The absence of a uniform pattern between band TM4 composite reflectance and solar zenith angle in grain sorghum is presumably due to large horizontal leaf angles and in sunflower to long vertical spacings between leaves. Predicted compared to measured band TM3 and TM4 composite reflectances of the AIRM1 and AIRM2 models were insensitive but the TRIM model was overly sensitive to zenith angle. RP WANJURA, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 16 BP 2983 EP 2996 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JX743 UT WOS:A1992JX74300004 ER PT J AU RALPH, J HELM, RF QUIDEAU, S HATFIELD, RD AF RALPH, J HELM, RF QUIDEAU, S HATFIELD, RD TI LIGNIN FERULOYL ESTER CROSS-LINKS IN GRASSES .1. INCORPORATION OF FERULOYL ESTERS INTO CONIFERYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENATION POLYMERS SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MILLED WOOD LIGNIN; CELL-WALL; MODELS DHPS; SOLID-STATE; SPECTRA; SPRUCE; ACID AB Methyl 5-O-(E)-[gamma-C-13]feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (FA-Ara) has been synthesized and incorporated into a synthetic lignin dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) of coniferyl alcohol. Inverse-detected long-range C-H correlation NMR experiments on the DHP lignin gave correlation peaks indicative of the copolymerization of the FA-Ara and coniferyl alcohol into the DHP polymer. The bonding sites and modes, as determined by analysis of the carbonyl region of the long-range C-H correlated 2D NMR experiment, are predictable from free-radical coupling mechanisms. In addition to the abundant 4-O-alpha' and 4-O-beta' ether couplings, structures involving the beta-position of the feruloyl moiety of FA-Ara in beta-ether, phenylcoumaran and pinoresinolide structures were present. The incorporation of feruloyl esters into a lignin DHP results in some structures which would not release ferulic acid by solvolytic schemes currently used for quantitation of ferulic acid in plant materials. Thus the degree to which hydroxycinnamic acids are involved in the lignification of forages may be significantly underestimated. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA, ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 56 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7781 J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD NOV 7 PY 1992 IS 21 BP 2961 EP 2969 DI 10.1039/p19920002961 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA JY138 UT WOS:A1992JY13800031 ER PT J AU RALPH, J HELM, RF QUIDEAU, S AF RALPH, J HELM, RF QUIDEAU, S TI LIGNIN FERULOYL ESTER CROSS-LINKS IN GRASSES .2. MODEL-COMPOUND SYNTHESES SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID QUINONE METHIDES; STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; ARYL ETHER; ANTHRAHYDROQUINONE; STEREOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; ANTHRANOL; REDUCTION; ADDUCTS; THREO AB Five compounds which model the various structures produced when feruloyl esters are copolymerized into lignins have been synthesized. These models represent the lignin-feruloyl-polysaccharide structures which have been theorized to exist in the Graminaceae but have yet to be isolated. Complete spectroscopic characterization provides important chemical-shift information to facilitate the identification of these linkages in native lignins and synthetic DHP polymers. Methyl 5-O-{4-O-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]feruloyl}-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, a model for the alpha-linkage of feruloyl esters to lignin, was prepared as a mixture of threo and erythro isomers by addition of methyl 5-0-(E)-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (FA-Ara) to the quinone methide derived from 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol (guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether). Methyl 5-0-{4-0-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]feruloyl}-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, a beta-aryl ether model, was prepared by a method analogous to one used for the synthesis of guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether; FA-Ara was added to 4-acetoxy-beta-bromo-3-methoxyacetophenone, and the product was hydroxymethylated and reduced. The peracetate of methyl 5-0-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)propenoyl]-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, a compound which models the attack of lignin radicals on the beta-position of the feruloyl ester, was prepared by elimination of the beta-proton from the quinone methide derived from ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propanoate. As in the preparation of synthetic copolymers between coniferyl alcohol and FA-Ara, only a single geometrical isomer was produced. Synthesis of both isomers of derived compounds and detailed NMR analysis indicated that this was the expected Z-isomer. A model for beta-5 coupled products, 3-[3-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]acrylic acid bis(methyl 5-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinofuranosid-5-yl) ester, was obtained as a cis/trans mixture in 55% yield by radical coupling of FA-Ara using silver(I) oxide. Finally, the crossed beta-beta compound 4,8-exo-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one (MEL) was obtained, in admixture with its isomer iso-MEL, pinoresinol, and the dilactone 4,8-exo-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2,6-dione, from mixed radical coupling of coniferyl alcohol and ferulic acid via silver(I) oxide. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP RALPH, J (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7781 J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD NOV 7 PY 1992 IS 21 BP 2971 EP 2980 DI 10.1039/p19920002971 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA JY138 UT WOS:A1992JY13800032 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F ENGLERT, G DAITCH, CE BEECHER, GR TONUCCI, LH LUSBY, WR AF KHACHIK, F ENGLERT, G DAITCH, CE BEECHER, GR TONUCCI, LH LUSBY, WR TI ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS OF LUTEIN AND ZEAXANTHIN IN EXTRACTS FROM HUMAN PLASMA SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; TECHNICAL PROCEDURES; CIS-CAROTENOIDS; REVERSED-PHASE; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; QUANTIFICATION; (3R,3'R)-ZEAXANTHIN; 6-OXO-ISOPHORONE AB All-E-(3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein, all-E-(3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin, all-E-(3R,3'S,6'R)-3'-epilutein and some geometrical isomers of the former two dihydroxycarotenoids have been separated from an extract of human plasma by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography on a silica-based nitrile-bonded column. In the order of chromatographic elution, the isolated fractions were identified as all-E-lutein, all-E-zeaxanthin, all-E-3'-epilutein, 9Z-lutein, 9'Z-lutein, a mixture of 13Z-lutein and 13'Z-lutein, 9Z-zeaxanthin, 13Z-zeaxanthin and 15Z-zeaxanthin. The structures of all compounds, including the relative configuration at C(3') and C(6') of the luteins and the position of the stereomutated double bonds in the geometrical isomers, were unambiguously established by H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of the three all-E compounds was derived by circular dichroism and is also assumed to be valid for the geometrical isomers. The ultraviolet-visible absorption and mass spectra of each of the individually isolated compounds were also in agreement with the proposed structures. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE LTD,PHARMACEUT RES,NEW TECHNOL,CH-4002 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CN-30609] NR 26 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD NOV 6 PY 1992 VL 582 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80314-G PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JX778 UT WOS:A1992JX77800021 PM 1491035 ER PT J AU MUST, A JACQUES, PF DALLAL, GE BAJEMA, CJ DIETZ, WH AF MUST, A JACQUES, PF DALLAL, GE BAJEMA, CJ DIETZ, WH TI LONG-TERM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS - A FOLLOW-UP OF THE HARVARD GROWTH STUDY OF 1922 TO 1935 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM-LIPIDS; RISK FACTOR; OBESITY; WOMEN; WEIGHT; LIPOPROTEINS; CHILDREN; HEALTH; DEATH AB Background. Overweight in adults is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the long-term effect of overweight in adolescence on morbidity and mortality is not known. Methods. We studied the relation between overweight and morbidity and mortality in 508 lean or overweight adolescents 13 to 18 years old who participated in the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. Overweight adolescents were defined as those with a body-mass index that on two occasions was greater than the 75th percentile in subjects of the same age and sex in a large national survey. Lean adolescents were defined as those with a body-mass index between the 25th and 50th percentiles. Subjects who were still alive were interviewed in 1988 to obtain information about their medical history, weight, functional capacity, and other risk factors. For those who had died, information on the cause of death was obtained from death certificates. Results. Overweight in adolescent subjects was associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes and disease-specific mortality among men, but not among women. The relative risks among men were 1.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.7; P = 0.004) for mortality from all causes and 2.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 4.1; P = 0.002) for mortality from coronary heart disease. The risk of morbidity from coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis was increased among men and women who had been overweight in adolescence. The risk of colorectal cancer and gout was increased among men and the risk of arthritis was increased among women who had been overweight in adolescence. Overweight in adolescence was a more powerful predictor of these risks than overweight in adulthood. Conclusions. Overweight in adolescence predicted a broad range of adverse health effects that were independent of adult weight after 55 years of follow-up. C1 GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIV,ALLENDALE,MI. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MUST, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 44 TC 1323 Z9 1371 U1 5 U2 44 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 5 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 19 BP 1350 EP 1355 DI 10.1056/NEJM199211053271904 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JW077 UT WOS:A1992JW07700004 PM 1406836 ER PT J AU SALACINSKI, HJ RIBY, PG HASWELL, SJ AF SALACINSKI, HJ RIBY, PG HASWELL, SJ TI COUPLED FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS FLAME ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY FOR THE QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF ALUMINUM IN BEVERAGES AND WATER INCORPORATING ONLINE CATION-EXCHANGE SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; FLOW INJECTION; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALUMINUM DETERMINATION; CATION EXCHANGE; FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; WATERS ID PRE-CONCENTRATION EFFICIENCY; CHROME AZUROL-S; TRACE AMOUNTS; HEAVY-METALS; CHELEX-100 RESIN; EMISSION; SEAWATER; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ROOM; TEA AB A method for determining the aluminium levels in local water, tea leaf digest, tea and coffee infusions by means of on-line cation exchange flow-injection-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FIA-FAAS) is described. Quantitative results can be carried out down to 75 ng ml-1 of Al using sample volumes in the range 6.0-24.0 ml. The method using a conventional FAAS system was found to be rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive offering good selectivity and typical R.S.D.s of 1-2% (n = 10) with a relative error of about 2%. C1 UNIV HULL,SCH CHEM,HULL HU6 7RX,N HUMBERSIDE,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,ADV CTR BIOCHEM ENGN,LONDON WC1E 7JE,ENGLAND. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD NOV 2 PY 1992 VL 269 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85126-Q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JV608 UT WOS:A1992JV60800001 ER PT J AU JUNG, R SCOTT, MP OLIVEIRA, LO NIELSEN, NC AF JUNG, R SCOTT, MP OLIVEIRA, LO NIELSEN, NC TI A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF DOUBLE-STRANDED PLASMID DNA SO GENE LA English DT Article DE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; URACIL N-GLYCOSYLASE; ALKALI-DENATURED DNA; NITROCELLULOSE; T7 DNA POLYMERASE; LARGE PLASMIDS ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS; INVITRO MUTAGENESIS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; POLYMERASE; REPLICATION AB A method for the oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of double-stranded DNA without the necessity for phenotypic selection is described. Plasmids denatured with alkali and purified by adsorption to and elution from nitrocellulose have single-stranded regions where primers can hybridize and serve as templates for a T7 DNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of complementary mutant DNA strands. When this procedure was carried out such that the original nonmutant strand contained uracil [method of Kunkel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82(1985)488-492], mutation frequencies of between 30% and 40% were obtained. The technique has been used to generate mutant genes in plasmids of a wide variety of sizes. The largest plasmid manipulated and successfully mutagenized was 22 kb. The method is rapid and efficient and is not dependent upon either f1 phage vectors or the presence of restriction sites in the vicinity of the sequence targeted for mutation. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010; Oliveira, Luiz/D-6435-2013 OI Oliveira, Luiz/0000-0002-5578-2260 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 2 PY 1992 VL 121 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90157-K PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JX930 UT WOS:A1992JX93000003 PM 1427092 ER PT J AU MULBRY, WW AF MULBRY, WW TI THE ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE-ENCODING GENE-ADPB FROM NOCARDIA SP STRAIN-B-1 - CLONING, SEQUENCING AND EXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO GENE LA English DT Note DE PARATHION HYDROLASE; BIODEGRADATION; PARAOXONASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PESTICIDE; HYDROLASE ID MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; PROTEIN AB Using degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos) derived from the N-terminal sequence of an aryldialkylphosphatase (ADPase) from Nocardia sp. strain B-1, an amplification reaction was used to isolate a DNA segment containing a 57-bp fragment from the adpB gene. Based on the nucleotide (nt) sequence of this fragment, a nondegenerate oligo was synthesized and used to screen a subgenomic library of strain B-1 DNA for fragments containing adpB. A 3.55-kb PstI fragment containing adpB was cloned into Escherichia coli, and the nt sequence of a 1600-bp region containing adpB was determined. Under control of the lac promoter of pUC19, adpB expression in E. coli cultures was approx. 15-fold higher than in strain B-1 under the native adpB promoter. Comparison of adpB with the Flavobacterium ADPase-encoding gene, opd, revealed no significant homology at the nt or aa levels. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB, BLDG 050,RM 100, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 2 PY 1992 VL 121 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90174-N PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JX930 UT WOS:A1992JX93000020 PM 1330830 ER PT J AU BELL, IR EDMAN, JS SELHUB, J MORROW, FD MARBY, DW KAYNE, HL COLE, JO AF BELL, IR EDMAN, JS SELHUB, J MORROW, FD MARBY, DW KAYNE, HL COLE, JO TI PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE IN VASCULAR-DISEASE AND IN NONVASCULAR DEMENTIA OF DEPRESSED ELDERLY PEOPLE SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE HOMOCYSTEINE; AMINO ACID; DEPRESSION; DEMENTIA; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ID COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; PLATELET MAO; HIPPOCAMPUS; EXCITOTOXIN; INPATIENTS; REDUCTION; DISORDERS; CYSTEINE; FOLATE; ANEMIA AB Depression among elderly people with reversible cognitive loss often manifests with concomitant vascular disease and can also precede the development of nonvascular degenerative dementia. Little is known about etiological factors for reversible or irreversible dementias in older depressed people. The amino acid homocysteine (HC), which is both a vascular disease risk factor and a precursor of the excitotoxic amino acids cysteine and homocysteic acid, could play a role in the pathophysiology of such individuals. Twenty-seven depressed elderly acute inpatients by DSM-III-R criteria had significantly higher plasma homocysteine levels and lower cognitive screening test scores than did 15 depressed young adult inpatients. HC was highest in the older patients who had concomitant vascular diseases (n = 14). HC was lowest in the older depressives who had neither vascular illnesses nor dementia (n = 8), comparable to the young adult depressives. Higher HC correlated significantly with poorer cognition only in the nonvascular geriatric patients (r(s) = -0.53). The findings extend earlier work showing higher HC in vascular patients from general medical populations, and also suggest a possible metabolic factor in certain dementias associated with late-life depression. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,AFFECT DISORDERS PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,MCLEAN HOSP,GERIATR SERV,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02118. MCLEAN HOSP,BELMONT,MA 02178. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 31 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-690X J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 86 IS 5 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03285.x PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA KB408 UT WOS:A1992KB40800012 PM 1485529 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR TRENT, A ACOCK, B AF REDDY, VR TRENT, A ACOCK, B TI MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE AND IRRIGATION VERSUS COTTON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) produces excessive vegetative growth when grown under optimum water and nutrient conditions. The plant growth regulator Mepiquat Chloride (MC); 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride reduces vegetative growth and can promote early maturity. Its effect on yield has been inconsistent, with some researchers showing an increase while others have indicated a decrease. This variation in yield has often been attributed to environmental factors and variations in water and fertilizer inputs. This study examined the effect of MC on cotton growth, under varying irrigation treatments, to determine if soil moisture interacts with MC. The experiment was conducted in 1987 with two cotton cultivars, Stoneville 825 ('ST825') and Deltapine 20 ('DP20'), grown in pots, with five irrigation treatments [1.2,1.0,0.8,0.6, and 0.4 times previous day's pan evaporation (PE)] each with and without MC applied. Mepiquat Chloride reduced plant height, number of main stem nodes, and internodal length. The effect on boll numbers was mixed between cultivars. In some instances under the same irrigation treatment (1.2 PE), the number of bolls was higher in ST825 with MC applied than with control while in DP20 the control treatment had the higher number of bolls. Mepiquat chloride's effectiveness on vegetative growth tended to decrease as the number of days after application increased. Differences in response within irrigation treatments was attributable to MC. Differences in response between irrigation treatments with MC applied was attributable to irrigation and cultivar differences and not to interaction between soil moisture and MC. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TRENT, A (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 930 EP 933 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700004 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD GUNSOLUS, JL RALSTON, DF AF BUHLER, DD GUNSOLUS, JL RALSTON, DF TI INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT-TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE HERBICIDE INPUTS IN SOYBEAN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES; GLYCINE-MAX; RATES AB Information on integrated weed management systems is needed so that producers can develop systems that minimize the environmental impacts of weed control without sacrificing profitability of crop production. Reduced rates of broadcast- or band-applied alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] plus metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] and rotary hoeing, each in combination with between-row cultivation, were evaluated for weed control in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.l. One or two between-row cultivations allowed for a 50 to 75% reduction in the amount of herbicide used without reducing weed control or soybean yield. Reducing herbicide rates also decreased soybean injury. Two passes of a rotary hoe reduced weed densities up to 75% and increased the effectiveness of subsequent cultivations. However, two passes of the rotary hoe reduced soybean density as compared to other treatments. In 1989, under low weed densities, several mechanical weed control systems resulted in soybean yields similar to the weed-free control. In 1990, under greater weed densities, mechanical weed control systems resulted in reduced soybean yields compared to weed control systems that included herbicides. Based on the results of this research, switching from chemical-intensive systems to mechanical weed management systems under high weed pressure is not advisable. Under high weed pressure, reduced rates of herbicide, broadcasted or banded over the soybean row, in combination with cultivation provided excellent weed control. Mechanical weed control as a part of an integrated weed management system should maximize weed control while minimizing herbicide use. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 973 EP 978 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700013 ER PT J AU HARDEGREE, SP EMMERICH, WE AF HARDEGREE, SP EMMERICH, WE TI SEED-GERMINATION RESPONSE OF 4 SOUTHWESTERN RANGE GRASSES TO EQUILIBRATION AT SUBGERMINATION MATRIC-POTENTIALS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRATION AB Seed priming at subgermination water potential has been shown to enhance the germination response of a wide number of plant species. Optimal priming conditions for germination enhancement are usually found to be at the least negative water potential that prevents radicle emergence. Equilibration of seeds at more negative water potentials may have detrimental effects on germination relative to control treatments. Seeds of Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, and Panicum coloratum L. were equilibrated over the matric potential range of -1.6 to -17.5 MPa and germinated over the matric potential range of 0 to -1.6 MPa. Matric-priming at -1.6 MPa frequently increased germination percentage and rate at reduced water potential. Matric-priming at water potentials more negative than -1.6 MPa had a less positive and sometimes detrimental effect on germination relative to control treatments. Germination response of primed seeds showed a tendency toward, but not necessarily achievement of, control levels at the most negative priming-water potentials. C1 USDA,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP HARDEGREE, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 994 EP 998 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700017 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR EVERS, GW AF OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR EVERS, GW TI YIELD RESPONSE OF BERMUDAGRASS AND BAHIAGRASS TO APPLIED NITROGEN AND OVERSEEDED CLOVER SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE AB Models can be used to describe yield response of grasses to applied N and other management factors. This analysis was performed to show interactions between applied N and overseeded clover on dry matter yield, and to estimate equivalent N supplied by clover. Data from three locations were used. At Watkinsville, GA both 'Coastal' and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] were over-seeded with crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). At Eagle Lake, TX, both Coastal bermudagrass and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) were overseeded with 'Yuchi' arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) and 'Mt. Barker' subterranean (Trifolium subterranean L.) clovers. At Jay, FL both Coastal bermudagrass and Pensacola bahiagrass were overseeded with crimson clover. The logistic model described dry matter response to applied N and contained three parameters (A, b, c). It was shown that the presence of clover affected only the b coefficient, which related to yield at zero applied N. It was also shown that overseeded clover provided equivalent N of approximately 120 kg ha-1 for bermudagrass and 90 to 220 kg ha-1 for bahiagrass. Most of the increased yield of the bermudagrass-clover combination over bermudagrass without clover was due to the clover production; only about 25 kg ha-1 of equivalent N was carried over to the bermudagrass under conditions where top growth of clover was removed. The model allows quantitative estimates of equivalent N supplied by clover. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,OVERTON,TX 75684. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERV RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 998 EP 1001 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700018 ER PT J AU PRODOEHL, KA CAMPBELL, LG DEXTER, AG AF PRODOEHL, KA CAMPBELL, LG DEXTER, AG TI PHENMEDIPHAM + DESMEDIPHAM EFFECTS ON SUGAR-BEET SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DESMEDIPHAM; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT AB Phenmedipham+desmedipham [3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3-methylcarbanilate plus ethyl m-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)], is a herbicide which controls a number of broadleaf weeds in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by inhibiting Photosystem II. This hericide also decreases the photosynthetic activity of sugarbeet. Field tests at Fargo, ND, in 1988, 1989, and 1990 determined the effect of phenmedipham + desmedipham on photosynthesis 1, 3, and 10 d after treatment (DAT); root yield; and sucrose concentration of six commercial sugarbeet cultivars. Photosynthesis was reduced 50 and 30% 1 DAT with high and low rates of phenmedipham + desmedipham, respectively, but recovered substantially 10 DAT to 75 and 85% of the untreated plots. Small reductions in root yield associated with phenmedipham + desmedipham rates were not significant. Sucrose concentration at harvest was not influenced by phenmedipham + desmedipham. No cultivar or group of cultivars was identified as having a unique response to phenmedipham + desmedipham. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP PRODOEHL, KA (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1005 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700019 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL JUNG, GA AF STOUT, WL JUNG, GA TI INFLUENCES OF SOIL ENVIRONMENT ON BIOMASS AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION RATES OF ORCHARDGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; WATER-USE; SWITCHGRASS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Grasslands are the basis for a stable agriculture in the northeast USA. However, knowledge of the interactive effects of the diverse soils and climate of this region on grassland production remains scant. Our objective was to quantify the effect of soil environment on grassland biosmass and N accumulation. The study was conducted for 3 yr on four sites in central Pennsylvania selected for soil water holding capacity and temperature regime. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, and 168 kg N ha-1 of N-15 depleted ammonium nitrate. Biweekly biomass samples were taken starting 30 April of each year and continuing until the grass heading stage. At heading, plots were cut at a 7.5-cm stubble height and all herbage removed. Plots were refertilized with the second half of the N and monthly biomass sampling commenced on 31 July and continued until 31 October. Biomass samples were dried at 60-degrees-C and weighed for yield. Subsamples of the dried material were analyzed for N and isotope ratio. Spring biomass accumulation rates ranged from 60.0 to 112.0 kg ha-1 day-1. Soil N, N fertilization and temperature all were factors controlling spring biomass accumulation rate. Fall biomass accumulation rate was controlled by N fertilization alone. Spring fertilizer N accumulation rates range from 0.078 to 0.72 kg ha-1 day-1 and were largely controlled by N fertilization. Spring total N uptake rates ranged from 0.461 to 2.20 kg ha-1 day-1 and were controlled by soil N levels and N fertilization. Fertilizer N recovery was about 42% for the spring growth period but only about 15% for the fall growth period. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1019 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700021 ER PT J AU RAO, SC DAO, TH AF RAO, SC DAO, TH TI FERTILIZER PLACEMENT AND TILLAGE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ASSIMILATION BY WHEAT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; GRAIN PROTEIN PRODUCTION; NO-TILL; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; PLOWED SOILS; NUTRITION; GROWTH; CORN AB Little information is available concerning tillage effects on seasonal N accumulation and their effect on wheat yield. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of fertilizer N placement and tillage practices on the reduction and assimilation of N in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during 1984 through 1987 on Renfrow silt loam (fine, mixed, thermic, Uderic, Paleustolls) near El Reno, OK. Fertilizer N (50 kg ha-1) and P (60 kg ha-1) including 4 kg N ha-1 and 11 kg P ha-1, with the seed was applied in the fall. In the spring, an additional 50 to 100 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate was either broadcast or placed in narrow bands on the soil surface. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NO3-N, and crude protein (CP) content of wheat plants were determined periodically during spring growth until anthesis, and final grain and straw yield and their CP contents were determined. The NR activity in early spring was slightly greater during early spring in plants grown under no-till when compared to conventional till in 1985 and 1986, whereas the reverse was observed in 1987. Increased NR activity was paralleled by an increase in vegetative CP. Placement of N in a narrow band on the soil surface in the spring improved NR activity levels, but the effect of N placement had little effect on CP concentration. Grain yield followed NR activity levels and was 36% higher in no-fill in 1985, similar in 1986, but 51% lower in 1987 than conventionally tilled plots. Placement of N in narrow bands increased N-use efficiency by increasing N reduction and assimilation; but had little effect on the yield of grain and straw in both tillage methods. RP RAO, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1028 EP 1032 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700023 ER PT J AU LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP HEICHEL, GH AF LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP HEICHEL, GH TI QUANTIFICATION OF SYMBIOTICALLY FIXED NITROGEN IN SOIL SURROUNDING ALFALFA ROOTS AND NODULES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA; FIXATION; RHIZOSPHERE; SENESCENCE AB Symbiotically fixed nitrogen (SFN) can be transferred from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to intercropped nonlegumes and succeeding crops. Our objective was to quantify deposition of SFN from alfalfa roots and nodules to surrounding soil and to assess its significance in comparison to reported estimates of legume-nonlegume N transfer. We quantified net loss of SFN to rhizosphere soil (i.e. rhizodeposition) at the end of one growing season under field and greenhouse conditions, using the N-15 isotope dilution technique in soil that had been labeled with N-15 8 yr before initiation of the experiments. 'Saranac' and 'In-effective Saranac' alfalfa were transplanted in the field into paired 0.75- by 1.0-m microplots. In the greenhouse study these two alfalfas were grown separately in 15-cm diam. by 90-cm long polyvinylchloride tubes, four plants per tube. Plant organs were meticulously separated from soil at the end of one growing season. Soil adhering to roots and nodules was defined as rhizosphere and nodusphere soil, respectively, and was separated from the organs by 60 s sonication in 0.08 mol L-1 phosphate buffer. Symbiotically fixed N was quantified by comparing the atom % N-15 of Saranac vs. Ineffective Saranac for each soil and plant N compartment. Harvested herbage contained 270 kg SFN ha-1 in the 135-d field experiment and 55 mg SFN plant-1 in the 112-d greenhouse experiment. Symbiotically fixed N was not uniformly distributed in the Saranac root system. Sampled rhizosphere soil contained no SFN in the field experiment and the equivalent of about 1 kg SFN ha-1 in the greenhouse experiment. Over one quarter of nodusphere soil N was apparently derived from SFN in both experiments, but amounted to less than 0.5 kg SFN ha-1 at the time of harvest Nitrogen transfer to nonlegumes is often an order of magnitude larger than net deposition measured here. Thus it appears that rhizodeposition is a relatively small component of SFN loss from nodules and roots of alfalfa grown in monoculture. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LORY, JA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,439 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1040 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700024 ER PT J AU SCHOMBERG, HH WEAVER, RW AF SCHOMBERG, HH WEAVER, RW TI NODULATION, NITROGEN-FIXATION, AND EARLY GROWTH OF ARROWLEAF CLOVER IN RESPONSE TO ROOT TEMPERATURE AND STARTER NITROGEN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Nitrogen availability is important for rapid establishment of small seeded legumes and is influenced by soil N status and rapid development of N2 fixation activity. Seedlings of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum L. Savi) are exposed to soil temperatures (10-35-degrees-C) during the fall which can reduce seedling vigor by influencing N nutrition. Root temperature (18, 25, or 32-degrees-C) effects on N nutrition of arrowleaf clover receiving starter N was evaluated in two controlled experiments. Temperature influenced the N status of inoculated plants through an effect on N2 fixation but not on starter N uptake. Growth and N2 fixation were best at 25-degrees-C where effectiveness of two strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii was similar, but, at 32-degrees-C, strain RP115-2 was less effective than strain 162X68. Addition of mineral N (0.5 and 1.0 mg N plant-1) improved growth and stimulated N2 fixation at 25-degrees-C more than at 18 or 32-degrees-C. Time required for nodulation was also influenced by N and temperature but was not different between the two strains of Rhizobium. Nodules were first visible 6.4 to 8 d following inoculation at 25-degrees-C, but required 8.0 to 11.3 d at 18 or 32-degrees-C with the longer period occurring for plants receiving 1.0 mg N plant-1. Growth of control plants receiving adequate mineral N showed little influence of the root temperature regimes. Root temperatures influenced early growth of arrowleaf clover through an effect on N2 fixation and root temperatures of 32-degrees-C or greater were particularity detrimental because of combined effects of delayed nodulation and reduced N2 fixation activity. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,SO PLAINS AREA CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP WEAVER, RW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1050 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700026 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, MD MEISNER, CA HOVELAND, CS KARNOK, KJ AF RICHARDSON, MD MEISNER, CA HOVELAND, CS KARNOK, KJ TI TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY IN CLOSED CONTAINER STUDIES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; TRANSMISSION-LINES; TDR AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been widely utilized to estimate soil water content in field plots, but applications to controlled-environment experiments have not been adequately described. The TDR procedure was used in three closed-container, greenhouse studies to monitor soil moisture levels and dictate watering schedules. In all experiments, TDR was an efficient method for monitoring soil water. Also, estimation of soil water content by TDR was highly correlated to gravimetric analysis of soil cores, with r2 values of 0.84, 0.96, and 0.98 for the three studies. Different soil types, with variabie physical properties and bulk densities, had no apparent effect on estimations of soil water content. It was concluded that TDR could be useful in greenhouse studies to accurately determine soil water content. C1 INT MAIZE & WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CTR,MEXICO CITY 066001,DF,MEXICO. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP RICHARDSON, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1063 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700029 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, TL THAREL, LM AF SPRINGER, TL THAREL, LM TI GROWTH CHAMBER MODIFICATION TO EMULATE A SEED-GERMINATION CHAMBER SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB In the absence of specialized research equipment, existing equipment often must be modified to meet research needs and objectives. Specialized germination chambers which control temperature, light, and humidity may not always be available to conduct detailed germination experiments. The objectives of this research were to modify a growth chamber to emulate a seed germination chamber and validate the system by reporting the variation in percentage seed germination and seedling root and shoot lengths. Modifications to the growth chamber consisted of mounting trays in space and adding cool humidified air. Within the modified growth chamber variation in seed germination was small for row or column placement on a tray and large between trays. Among the 11 trays, the optimum tray placement for seed germination was on Trays 4,5,6,7, and 8 for all species studied. Variation in seedling root and shoot lengths was attributed to row and column placement on a tray and tray levels, and was associated in part with light and temperature gradients in the modified growth chamber. RP SPRINGER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,RT 2,BOX 144-A,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1073 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700031 ER PT J AU PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH AF PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH TI PORTABLE SOIL CORING SYSTEM THAT MINIMIZES PLOT DISTURBANCE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Reliable sampling of belowground components is an essential aspect of agro-ecosystems research. Nevertheless, small plot size, limited access, and remote locations can severely restrict such efforts. To overcome these constraints a light weight, field portable soil coring system was designed. The two-part unit causes virtually no plot disturbance and, in repeated field tests, performed efficiently and reliably. Soil cores greater than 1 m in length and 38 mm in diameter can be taken. The unit uses a pneumatic driver, an electric core extractor, and steel core tubes with clear plastic liners. As many as 24 cores per hour can be collected with this system. The coring system has been found to be ideal for small size plots or where study areas are enclosed. RP PRIOR, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,BOX 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1077 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700032 ER PT J AU PUOLI, JR REID, RL BELESKY, DP AF PUOLI, JR REID, RL BELESKY, DP TI PHOTOSENSITIZATION IN LAMBS GRAZING SWITCHGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID TALL FESCUE; SHEEP; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; SEASON AB Hepatogenous Photosensitization has been recorded in herbivores grazing a number of Panicum species in different areas of the world. This condition was observed in weaned and suckling lambs (Ovis sp.) grazing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. cv. Cave-in-Rock) in Morgantown, WV, during the abnormally hot, dry summer of 1991. The first cases occurred in June, 35 d after initiation of grazing. Further cases occurred with a new group of lambs 12 d after their introduction to switchgrass pastures in late July. Of a total of 104 lambs, 17 showed photosensitization and eight died. Symptoms were similar to those reported for 'geeldikkop' in sheep and hepatotoxicity was confirmed by changes in blood metabolites. Mature ewes were not affected and no signs of photosensitization were noted in suckling lambs grazing switchgrass during the previous year under more normal temperature and rainfall conditions. Photosensitization does not appear to have been observed in cattle on switchgrass but monitoring of younger animals grazing this Panicum species seems desirable. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP PUOLI, JR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV ANIM & VET SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1080 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC317 UT WOS:A1992KC31700033 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, SW ZERING, KD AF MARTINEZ, SW ZERING, KD TI OPTIMAL DYNAMIC HEDGING DECISIONS FOR GRAIN PRODUCERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE COMMISSIONS; CORN BASIS; FUTURES MARKETS; HEDGING; OPTIMAL CONTROL; YIELD UNCERTAINTY ID FUTURES AB The application of an optimal dynamic hedging model was explored for a county in North Carolina. Com yield, harvest com basis, and December com futures prices were forecast. The forecasts were used to calculate optimal dynamic hedge positions. When the hedge position was updated infrequently, commissions were only slightly higher than commissions from a fixed hedge. Gains from updating the hedge position over the com growing season were not substantial compared to a fixed hedge position. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MARTINEZ, SW (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV AGR & TRADE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 74 IS 4 BP 879 EP 888 DI 10.2307/1243185 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JZ267 UT WOS:A1992JZ26700004 ER PT J AU GUNTER, LF JARRETT, JC DUFFIELD, JA AF GUNTER, LF JARRETT, JC DUFFIELD, JA TI EFFECT OF UNITED-STATES IMMIGRATION REFORM ON LABOR-INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE FARM LABOR; IMMIGRATION POLICY; LABOR SUPPLY AB A major concern in development of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act was the potential for reductions in seasonal farm labor supply. Although the act appears to have increased farm labor supply, future immigration policy will likely be affected by similar concerns. Muth's model of industry supply and factor demand is adapted to analyze effects of labor supply reductions on selected U.S. crops. Labor factor share and output demand elasticity are the most important factors influencing the impact of labor supply on production, and effects of moderate supply decreases will be small if recent output demand conditions continue. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP GUNTER, LF (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 74 IS 4 BP 897 EP 906 DI 10.2307/1243187 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JZ267 UT WOS:A1992JZ26700006 ER PT J AU MENDELSOHN, R HOF, J PETERSON, G JOHNSON, R AF MENDELSOHN, R HOF, J PETERSON, G JOHNSON, R TI MEASURING RECREATION VALUES WITH MULTIPLE DESTINATION TRIPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE MULTIPLE DESTINATION TRIPS; NONMARKET BENEFITS; OUTDOOR RECREATION; TRAVEL COST METHOD ID TRAVEL COST MODEL; DEMAND AB Traditional travel cost analysis has either ignored multiple destination trips or arbitrarily allocated trip costs across visited sites. In this paper, combinations of multiple destinations are treated as unique sites and incorporated into a demand system. Empirical demand functions for multiple destination trips that include Bryce National Park are estimated. Consumer surplus calculations for single destination and multiple destination trips are compared. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MENDELSOHN, R (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 74 IS 4 BP 926 EP 933 DI 10.2307/1243190 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JZ267 UT WOS:A1992JZ26700009 ER PT J AU ARNADE, C AF ARNADE, C TI A METHOD FOR CALCULATING PROFIT-NEUTRAL LAND SET ASIDES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BRAZIL; COMPENSATION; INDIRECT TRANSFORMATION FUNCTION; LAND; PROFIT NEUTRALITY; SET ASIDES ID UNCERTAINTY AB Changes in land set asides and prices can be coordinated to ensure that the profits of agricultural producers do not change. This concept is made operational by estimating and inverting a profit function to obtain an indirect transformation function. Profit-neutral combinations of land set asides and prices for a subsector of Brazilian agriculture are calculated. RP ARNADE, C (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 74 IS 4 BP 934 EP 940 DI 10.2307/1243191 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JZ267 UT WOS:A1992JZ26700010 ER PT J AU FRANK, SD HENDERSON, DR AF FRANK, SD HENDERSON, DR TI TRANSACTION COSTS AS DETERMINANTS OF VERTICAL COORDINATION IN THE UNITED-STATES FOOD-INDUSTRIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CONTRACTS; OWNERSHIP INTEGRATION; SPOT MARKETS; TRANSACTION COSTS; VERTICAL COORDINATION ID INTEGRATION; CONTRACTS AB Vertical coordination is a more comprehensive concept than vertical integration, capturing market, contractual, and ownership coordination. Williamson suggests that transaction costs motivate the use of nonmarket arrangements to vertically coordinate production. This paper presents a vertical coordination index incorporating industry input-output relationships and nonmarket arrangements. In an econometric analysis, the vertical coordination index is utilized to examine transaction cost effects on food industry vertical linkages. Empirical results support the hypothesis that transaction costs are a primary motivation to vertically coordinate via nonmarket arrangements. Results also suggest the vertical coordination index is more robust than traditional vertical integration measure. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP FRANK, SD (reprint author), USDA,AGR COOPERAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 74 IS 4 BP 941 EP 950 DI 10.2307/1243192 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JZ267 UT WOS:A1992JZ26700011 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR BETSCHART, AA LIEBMAN, M KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE AF TURNLUND, JR BETSCHART, AA LIEBMAN, M KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE TI VITAMIN-B6 DEPLETION FOLLOWED BY REPLETION WITH ANIMAL-SOURCE OR PLANT-SOURCE DIETS AND CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM-METABOLISM IN YOUNG-WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; VITAMIN-B6; OXALATE; METABOLISM ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; ZINC-ABSORPTION; ELDERLY MEN; COPPER; RETENTION; IRON AB An 84-98-d study was conducted in young women to determine the effect of vitamin B-6-deficient diets on calcium and magnesium metabolism. A vitamin B-6-deficient formula diet fed initially was followed by either animal- or plant-source protein food diets containing four increasing amounts of vitamin B-6. Calcium balance was negative during vitamin B-6 depletion. Serum calcium was higher and calcium balance negative with the plant protein diets. Magnesium balance was negative during vitamin B-6 depletion due to increased urinary magnesium excretion. Urinary calcium decreased during vitamin B-6 depletion and increased as dietary vitamin B-6 increased. Urinary oxalate was significantly higher at the end than at the beginning of vitamin B-6 depletion and was higher with plant than animal protein diets. The results suggest that vitamin B-6 depletion may alter calcium and magnesium metabolism and that dietary components associated with the protein source may influence calcium retention. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT HOME ECON,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP TURNLUND, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOX 29997,PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 905 EP 910 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV696 UT WOS:A1992JV69600013 PM 1415010 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EJ KRASINSKI, SD RUSSELL, RM AF JOHNSON, EJ KRASINSKI, SD RUSSELL, RM TI SEX-DIFFERENCES IN POSTABSORPTIVE PLASMA VITAMIN-A TRANSPORT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE POSTABSORPTIVE VITAMIN-A; SEX DIFFERENCES; RETINYL ESTERS ID CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS; REFERENCE INTERVALS; RETINYL ESTERS; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; RAT-LIVER; CHOLESTEROL; CELLS; LIPOPROTEINS; CAROTENE; BINDING AB This study examined postabsorptive plasma vitamin A after doses of retinyl palmitate in healthy men (n = 28) and women (n = 31). On consecutive days one physiologic [3000 retinol equivalents (RE)] and one pharmacologic dose (105 000 RE) were administered and blood samples collected. Plasma retinol and retinyl esters were measured by HPLC. Tolerance curves were constructed by plotting plasma retinyl ester concentration vs time. Postprandial retinyl ester response was measured as peak rise in retinyl ester concentration and area under the curve (AUC). Peak plasma retinyl ester concentration occurred earlier for females but the earlier peak was significant only for younger subjects (less-than-or-equal-to 50 y, P < 0.02) given the low dose and older subjects (> 50 y, P < 0.02) given the high dose. Peak rise and AUC were lower in females than in males, but this difference was significant for the high dose only (P < 0.05). In the high-dose experiment, when each age group was evaluated for sex differences the peak rise was significantly greater in males than in females in the older subjects (P < 0.05). Postabsorptive plasma retinol did not change from fasting concentrations. A lower plasma response in retinyl esters in women could be due to a more efficient chylomicron-remnant clearance. RP JOHNSON, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV696 UT WOS:A1992JV69600014 PM 1415011 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PE MILNE, DB LYKKEN, GI AF JOHNSON, PE MILNE, DB LYKKEN, GI TI EFFECTS OF AGE AND SEX ON COPPER ABSORPTION, BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE, AND STATUS IN HUMANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE; AGE; SEX; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES; DIETARY INTAKE ID STABLE ISOTOPE CU-65; YOUNG MEN; DIETARY COPPER; FEMALE RATS; CELLULAR-COMPONENTS; ACID SUPPLEMENTS; HEART-DISEASE; ELDERLY MEN; ZINC; DEFICIENCY AB Healthy, free-living men and women aged 20-83 y (n = 127) were studied to determine the effects of age and sex on copper absorption, biological half-life (BH), and status. Copper absorption was greater in women (71%) than in men (64%) aged 20-59 y (P = 0.02), but did not differ in men and women aged 60-83 y. BH of Cu-67 ranged from 13 to 33 d and differed between men and women aged 20-59 y (P = 0.006), but not between men and women aged 60-83 y. Plasma copper, enzymatic ceruloplasmin (Cp), and immunoreactive (RID) Cp were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.005), but superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in vitro Cu-67 uptake by red blood cells did not differ. Plasma copper, RID Cp, and cytochrome oxidase in platelets and mononuclear cells were significantly affected by age (P < 0.005). Oral contraceptives elevated plasma copper, enzymatic Cp, and SOD activity but not copper absorption and BH in women aged 20-39 y. Copper intake from self-selected diets was 0.9-1.2 mg/d for women and 1.2-1.3 mg/d for men, but net copper absorption (mug Cu . kg body wt-1 . d-1) did not differ. Thus, dietary copper intake requirements may differ between men and women. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 49 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 917 EP 925 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV696 UT WOS:A1992JV69600015 PM 1329483 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP NAITO, Y KEHRLI, ME HAYES, P DALEY, M AF GOFF, JP NAITO, Y KEHRLI, ME HAYES, P DALEY, M TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATION OF INTERLEUKIN 1-BETA IN COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OSTEOCLAST-ACTIVATING FACTOR; NORMAL MICE; PARTURIENT PARESIS; HYPOCALCEMIA; INFECTION; PREVENTION; FEVER AB The immunomodulating polypeptide interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) has been shown to be homologous to osteoclast-activating factor and is capable of stimulating increased osteoclastic bone resorption. This effect prompted an investigation into the potential use of IL-1beta for prevention of parturient paresis, a disease of dairy cows characterized by hypocalcemia and poor osteoclastic resorption of bone. Six nonpregnant cows were treated with a high dosage of IL-1beta (166 ng/kg of body weight) every 8 hours for 4 days. The IL-1beta treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, an index of osteoclast activity, indicating that bone calcium resorption might be stimulated by IL-1beta treatment of cows. However, IL-1beta treatment also caused transient fever, inappetence, increased pulse and respiratory rate, and diuresis. The acute, but transient, effect of IL-1beta treatment was to cause a decrease in plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations. The pleiotropic effects of IL-1beta administration negated the positive effects on osteoclastic bone resorption, and indicates that this cytokine may be of minimal benefit for prevention of parturient paresis. C1 AMER CYANAMID CO,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. IWATE UNIV,MORIOKA,IWATE 020,JAPAN. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1983 EP 1987 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV824 UT WOS:A1992JV82400002 PM 1466489 ER PT J AU BOLIN, SR RIDPATH, JF AF BOLIN, SR RIDPATH, JF TI DIFFERENCES IN VIRULENCE BETWEEN 2 NONCYTOPATHIC BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUSES IN CALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; RAPID EVOLUTION; CATTLE; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; INFECTION; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; ASSOCIATION; ANTIBODIES; FREQUENCY AB A noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), BVDV-890, isolated from a yearling heifer that died with extensive internal hemorrhages, was compared for virulence in calves with noncytopathic BvDv-TGAN, isolated from an apparently healthy persistently infected calf. After challenge exposure with BvDv-890, nonimmune calves (n = 7) developed fever > 40 C, diarrhea, leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Most calves (n = 6) died or were euthanatized by 19 days after challenge exposure. Challenge exposure with BVDv-890 did not induce disease in 2 calves that had congenital persistent infection with BVDV or in 3 calves that had neutralizing antibody titer > 4 against BVDV-890. After challenge exposure with BvDv-TGAN, nonimmune calves (n = 7) developed fever > 40 C and, rarely, diarrhea or lymphopenia. All of those calves survived challenge exposure. The average maximal titer of BVDv-890 isolated from serum was 1,000 times that of BvDv-TGAN. In calves infected with BVDV-890, the average maximal percentages of lymphocytes and platelets associated with virus were greater than those found in calves infected with BVDV-TGAN. Additional findings of epidemiologic significance were prolonged shedding of virus and delayed production of viral-neutralizing antibody in 1 calf challenge-exposed with BVDv-890. Also, after production of neutralizing antibody, mutant virus that was refractory to neutralization was isolated from calves challenge-exposed with BVDV-TGAN. RP BOLIN, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 34 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 11 BP 2157 EP 2163 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV824 UT WOS:A1992JV82400031 PM 1334641 ER PT J AU MENGELING, WL LAGER, KM VOLZ, DM BROCKMEIER, SL AF MENGELING, WL LAGER, KM VOLZ, DM BROCKMEIER, SL TI EFFECT OF VARIOUS VACCINATION PROCEDURES ON SHEDDING, LATENCY, AND REACTIVATION OF ATTENUATED AND VIRULENT PSEUDORABIES VIRUS IN SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AUJESZKYS DISEASE VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MATERNAL ANTIBODY-TITERS; INTRANASAL VACCINATION; THYMIDINE KINASE; PIGS; INFECTION; DNA; VACCINES; FAILURE AB Various procedures of vaccination for pseudorabies were compared for their effects on shedding, latency, and reactivation of attenuated and virulent pseudorabies virus. The study included 6 groups: group 1 (10 swine neither vaccinated nor challenge-exposed), group 2 (20 swine not vaccinated, but challenge-exposed), and groups 3 through 6(10 swine/group, all vaccinated and challenge-exposed). Swine were vaccinated with killed virus im (group 3) or intranasally (group 4), or with live virus im (group 5) or intranasally (group 6). The chronologic order of treatments was as follows: vaccination (week 0), challenge of immunity by oronasal exposure to virulent virus (week 4), biopsy of tonsillar tissue (week 12), treatment with dexamethasone in an attempt to reactivate latent virus (week 15), and necropsy (week 21). Vaccination IM with killed or live virus and vaccination intranasally with live virus mitigated clinical signs and markedly reduced the magnitude and duration of virus shedding after challenge exposure. Abatement of signs and shedding was most pronounced for swine that had been vaccinated intranasally with live virus. All swine, except 4 from group 2 and 1 from group 4, survived challenge exposure. Only vaccination intranasally with live virus was effective in reducing the magnitude and duration of virus shedding after virus reactivation. Vaccination intranasally with killed virus was without measurable effect on immunity. Of the 55 swine that survived challenge exposure, 54 were shown subsequently to have latent infections by use of dexamethasone-induced virus reactivation, and 53 were shown to have latent infections by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with trigeminal ganglia specimens collected at necropsy. Fewer swine were identified by PCR as having latent infections when other tissues were examined; 20 were identified by testing specimens of olfactory bulbs, 4 by testing tonsil specimens collected at necropsy, and 4 by testing tonsillar biopsy specimens. Eighteen of the 20 specimens of olfactory bulbs and 3 of the 4 tonsil specimens collected at necropsy in which virus was detected by PCR Were from swine without detectable virus-neutralizing antibody at the time of challenge exposure. One pig that had been vaccinated intranasally with live virus shed vaccine virus from the nose and virulent virus from the pharynx concurrently after dexamethasone treatement. Evaluation of both viral populations for unique strain characterisatics failed to provide evidence of virus recombination. RP MENGELING, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 11 BP 2164 EP 2173 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV824 UT WOS:A1992JV82400032 PM 1466515 ER PT J AU SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL LADD, TL AF SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL LADD, TL TI GLYCOALKALOID CONTENTS IN TUBERS FROM SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM POPULATIONS SELECTED FOR POTATO LEAFHOPPER RESISTANCE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE EMPOASCA-FABAE ID CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB Solanum tuberosum L. Gp. Tuberosum populations that had been improved for resistance to potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), by recurrent selection, were analyzed for tuber contents of the glycoalkaloids alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. The mean content of both glycoalkaloids was significantly higher in the more resistant populations compared with the unselected population. In a population generated from seven cycles of selection for resistance, the mean content of solanine + chaconine was 9.5 mg/100 g fresh weight compared with 4.0 mg/100 g in the original, unselected population; a 137% increase. Kennebec, in the same experiment, averaged 10.9 mg/100 g; Katahdin averaged 4.6 mg/100 g. C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,APPLICAT RES TECHNOL UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP SANFORD, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 69 IS 11 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1007/BF02853813 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC509 UT WOS:A1992KC50900001 ER PT J AU TORCHIO, PF BOSCH, J AF TORCHIO, PF BOSCH, J TI BIOLOGY OF TRICRANIA-STANSBURYI, A MELOID BEETLE CLEPTOPARASITE OF THE BEE OSMIA-LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TRICRANIA-STANSBURYI; PARASITIC BEETLE; OSMIA SPP ID FIELD EXPERIMENTS; APPLE ORCHARDS; CRESSON AB A life-cycle chronology of Tricrania stansburyi (Haldeman) developed from results obtained in this study demonstrates that this meloid species is univoltine, individuals mate more than once as they emerge from host nests, dispersal is accomplished by flight, adults apparently do not feed and are short-lived (1-2 wk), fecundity is high (>900 eggs per female), parasitism is accomplished through phoresy by the first instar (triungulin), meloid larvae develop through seven instars, the entire host cell provision is consumed by the first five instars (sixth and seventh instars do not feed), and only one meloid larva survives multiple parasitism of any host cell. Results were also obtained on courtship, mating, sex ratio (female-biased), preferred egg deposition sites, new host records (7 species), preferential discrimination of triungulins to various host species, function of silken strands produced by triungulins, environmental triggers that initiate combat between triungulins, and biological traits that influence annual rates of parasitism by T. stansburyi. C1 UNIV BARCELONA,FAC BIOL,DEPT BIOL ANIM,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP TORCHIO, PF (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 713 EP 721 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JZ266 UT WOS:A1992JZ26600007 ER PT J AU PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW AF PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW TI LABORATORY REARING AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF LYCTOCORIS-CAMPESTRIS (HETEROPTERA, ANTHOCORIDAE), A PREDATOR OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMY; STORED GRAIN ID DEMOGRAPHY; HEMIPTERA AB The predaceous bug Lyctocoris campestris (F.) is a holarctic anthocorid associated with the stored-product ecosystem. A laboratory-rearing procedure was established and general life-history parameters described at 30-degrees-C and 60-70% RH. Mating occurred via normal copulation, in contrast to the traumatic insemination in some other anthocorids. The mean developmental period was 28 d, including an egg incubation period of 1 wk. Females can lay as many as 274 eggs in a 41-d ovipositional period, with a maximum of 20 eggs in 1 d. The average fecundity per day was approximately six eggs per female. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.96) between the length of the oviposition period and the total eggs laid per female. The first two nymphal stadia survived best when fed eggs or small larvae of prey, whereas the remaining stadia and adults survived and fed on any sized active larva. Females needed a moist substrate for oviposition, and eggs required that moisture be maintained for subsequent development of embryos. The sex ratio was 50:50 in laboratory colonies. Field studies using probe traps in a flat storage of com showed that bugs preferred moldy over drier areas, and sex ratios of field-collected bugs were significantly female biased. L. campestris were trapped at depths of 0-30 cm but predominated in the top 0-15 cm. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the general biology of L. campestris in either the field or the laboratory. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PARAJULEE, MN (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 736 EP 743 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JZ266 UT WOS:A1992JZ26600010 ER PT J AU TRIEBOLD, B MCDONALD, IC GABRIELSON, DA JOHNSON, OA AF TRIEBOLD, B MCDONALD, IC GABRIELSON, DA JOHNSON, OA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANTENNAL ESTERASE EXHIBITING AGE-RELATED AND SEX-LIMITED ACTIVITY DIFFERENCES AMONG ADULTS OF DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; ANTENNAL ESTERASE ID ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; TRITON X-114; PHEROMONE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; BINDING AB Studies were performed to examine the properties of an antennal esterase system (Est-a) exhibiting age-related expression differences between the sexes of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Analytically pure Est-a preparations were recovered using a combination of protein precipitation, chromatographic, and electrophoretic separation techniques. Characterization indicated that Est-a is both an acetylesterase (designated EC 3.1.1.6 according to International Union of Biochemistry Enzyme Commission nomenclature) and a glycoprotein having a relative molecular weight of 39,700 and a pI of 4.6. Age-related increases in Est-a staining intensities were observed in zymograms of male (but not female) antennae. Spectrophotometric assays of antennal extracts showed that Est-a activity in males increased almost-equal-to 6.5 times over that of females by 8-9 d after emergence. Collective data from a number of assays suggested that the zymogram expression of a two-banded Est-a phenotype results from nongenetic changes in the structure of the enzyme. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58108. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 755 EP 766 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JZ266 UT WOS:A1992JZ26600012 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS SIRAGUSA, GR WRAY, JE AF DICKSON, JS SIRAGUSA, GR WRAY, JE TI PREDICTING THE GROWTH OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ON BEEF BY USING THE TEMPERATURE FUNCTION INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MEAT; TENDERNESS; CARCASSES; LAMB; PH AB Lag and generation times for the growth of Salmonella typhimurium on sterile lean beef were modeled as functions of cooling time under various carcass-chilling scenarios. Gompertz growth models were fit to the log10 colony counts over time at each of six temperatures in the range of 15 to 40-degrees-C. Lag and generation times were defined as the points at which the second and first derivatives, respectively, of each growth curve attained a maximum. Generation time and lag time parameters were modeled as functions of temperature by use of exponential-decay models. The models were applied to typical beef carcass-cooling scenarios to predict the potential growth of S. typhimurium during the cooling of beef. Validation studies indicated no significant difference between the observed and predicted bacterial populations on inoculated lean and fatty beef tissues cooled at either 6 or 9-degrees-C/h. RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 58 IS 11 BP 3482 EP 3487 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JW473 UT WOS:A1992JW47300006 PM 1482173 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR AF SIRAGUSA, GR TI PRODUCTION OF BACTERIOCIN INHIBITORY TO LISTERIA SPECIES BY ENTEROCOCCUS-HIRAE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; STREPTOCOCCUS-DURANS; SP-NOV; MONOCYTOGENES; IDENTIFICATION; PEDIOCOCCUS; FAECALIS; ANIMALS; FAECIUM AB A bovine intestinal bacterial isolate, identified as Enterococcus hirae, was found to produce a bacteriocin (designated hiraecin S) inhibitory to Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. Identification to species level was determined by comprehensive biochemical and morphological tests which were verified by DNA-DNA homology assays. The antimicrobial agent was inactivated by pronase and papain and was insensitive to catalase. The antimicrobial activity was not due to hydrogen peroxide or acid formation, nor was lysozyme or muramidase activity observed in cell-free bacteriocin preparations. Inhibition of selected gram-negative bacteria was not observed. Other enterococci were sensitive to the bacteriocin, and except for Listeria spp., no other gram-positive bacteria tested were inhibited. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 58 IS 11 BP 3508 EP 3513 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JW473 UT WOS:A1992JW47300010 PM 1482176 ER PT J AU SKORY, CD CHANG, PK CARY, J LINZ, JE AF SKORY, CD CHANG, PK CARY, J LINZ, JE TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A GENE FROM ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONVERSION OF VERSICOLORIN-A TO STERIGMATOCYSTIN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR A3(2); NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; DEDUCED FUNCTION; ENZYME; FLAVUS; MYCOTOXINS; STRAINS; CONTAMINATION; HEMIACETAL AB DNA isolated from the wild-type aflatoxin-producing (Afl+) fungus Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 5862 was used to construct a cosmid genomic DNA library employing the homologous gene (pyrG) encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase for selection of fungal transformants. The cosmid library was transformed into an Afl- mutant, A. parasiticus CS1O (ver-1 wh-1 pyrG), deficient in the conversion of the aflatoxin biosynthetic intermediate versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin. One pyrG+ Afl+ transformant was identified. DNA fragments from this transformant, recovered by marker rescue, contained part of the cosmid vector including the pyrG gene, the amp(r) gene, and a piece of the original genomic insert DNA. Transformation of these rescued DNA fragments into A. parasiticus CS10 resulted in production of wild-type levels of aflatoxin and abundant formation of sclerotia. The gene responsible for this complementation (ver-1) was identified by Northern RNA analysis and transformation with subcloned DNA fragments. The approximate locations of transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites of ver-1 were determined by an RNase protection assay and cDNA sequence analysis. The predicted amino acid sequence, deduced from the ver-1 genomic and cDNA nucleotide sequences, was compared with the EMBL and GenBank data bases. The search revealed striking similarity with Streptomyces ketoreductases involved in polyketide biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA52003-01A1] NR 62 TC 149 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 58 IS 11 BP 3527 EP 3537 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JW473 UT WOS:A1992JW47300014 PM 1339261 ER PT J AU MAGLIONE, G MATSUSHITA, O RUSSELL, JB WILSON, DB AF MAGLIONE, G MATSUSHITA, O RUSSELL, JB WILSON, DB TI PROPERTIES OF A GENETICALLY RECONSTRUCTED PREVOTELLA-RUMINICOLA ENDOGLUCANASE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE-BINDING DOMAINS; BACTERIUM BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; THERMOMONOSPORA-FUSCA; RUMEN BACTERIA; CELLULASES; CLONING; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; GENE AB A pUC19-derived plasmid was constructed that coded for a hybrid cellulase with the Thermomonospora fusca E2 cellulose-binding domain at its C terminus joined to the Prevotella ruminicola 40.5-kDa carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase). The hybrid enzyme was purified and characterized enzymatically. It bound tightly to cellulose, and its specific activities on carboxymethyl cellulose, amorphous cellulose, and ball-milled cellulose were 1.5, 10, and 8 times that of the 40.5-kDa CMCase, respectively. Furthermore, the modified enzyme gave synergism with an exocellulase in the degradation of filter paper, while the 40.5-kDa CMCase did not. C1 CORNELL UNIV, DIV BIOL SCI, BIOCHEM MOLEC & CELL BIOL SECT, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DIV BIOL SCI, MICROBIOL SECT, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 58 IS 11 BP 3593 EP 3597 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JW473 UT WOS:A1992JW47300023 PM 1482181 ER PT J AU BORNEMAN, WS LJUNGDAHL, LG HARTLEY, RD AKIN, DE AF BORNEMAN, WS LJUNGDAHL, LG HARTLEY, RD AKIN, DE TI PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 FERULOYL ESTERASES FROM THE ANAEROBIC FUNGUS NEOCALLIMASTIX STRAIN MC-2 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PARA-COUMAROYL ESTERASE; PLANT-CELL WALLS; ACID ESTERASE; STREPTOMYCES; DEGRADATION; ENZYMES AB Two extracellular feruloyl esterases (FAE-I and FAE-II) produced by the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix strain MC-2 which cleave ferulic acid from OF-{5-OF-[(E)-feruloyl]-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl}-(1-->3)-OF-beta-D-xylopy-ranosyl-(1-->4)-D-xylopyranose (FAXX) were purified. The molecular masses of FAE-I and FAE-II were 69 and 24 kDa, respectively, under both denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. Apparent K(m) and maximum rate of hydrolysis with FAXX were 31.9 muM and 2.9 mumol min-1 mg-1 for FAE-I and 9.6 muM and 11.4 mumol min-1 mg-1 for FAe-II. FAE-II was specific for FAXX, but FAE-I hydrolyzed FAXX and PAXX, the equivalent p-coumaroyl ester, at a maximum rate of metabolism ratio of 3:1. C1 MERCK & CO INC, BIOTECHNOL SECT, ELKTON, VA 22827 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEM, CTR BIOL RESOURCE RECOVERY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 23 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 58 IS 11 BP 3762 EP 3766 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JW473 UT WOS:A1992JW47300045 PM 1482195 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON VEGETATIVE PROPAGULE GERMINATION OF POTAMOGETON SPECIES - IMPLICATIONS FOR AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID DEPTH AB Laboratory experiments indicated that Potamogeton nodosus Poir. winter buds and Potamogeton pectinatus L. tubers germinated in response to water-saturated substrate at 15, 20, and 25-degrees-C. Outdoor experiments with intact sediment cores indicated that winter buds of Potamogeton gramineus L. also germinated in response to saturating conditions at low temperatures ( 10-15-degrees-C). P. gramineus winter buds and P. pectinatus tubers, collected from irrigation canals during the winters of 1985 and 1986, germinated within 10 days of being placed at 25-degrees-C, indicating that germination was inhibited by environmental conditions and not by innate dormancy. Measurements made in the springs of 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1989 in the Byrnes canal, demonstrated that terrestrial forms of P. gramineus were present at densities ranging from 50 to 746 m-2, accounting for 30-96% of the total number of winter buds present per square meter. Penetration of accumulated rainwater into the sediment appeared to influence germination of P. gramineus winter buds and may explain why deep winter buds do not germinate prior to the canal filling with water in the spring. The ability to induce formation of terrestrial forms may lead to new management approaches. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 43 IS 4 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(92)90047-M PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JZ010 UT WOS:A1992JZ01000003 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME AF SALVUCCI, ME TI SUBUNIT INTERACTIONS OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE - POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL PROMOTES SELF-ASSOCIATION, STIMULATES ATPASE AND ACTIVATION ACTIVITIES, AND ENHANCES INTERACTIONS WITH RUBISCO SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; NOCTURNAL INHIBITOR; EXCLUDED VOLUME; CALVIN-CYCLE; OXYGENASE; SPINACH; PURIFICATION C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 298 IS 2 BP 688 EP 696 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90467-B PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JU070 UT WOS:A1992JU07000052 PM 1416997 ER PT J AU VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE LABEDA, D ABBAS, HK AF VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE LABEDA, D ABBAS, HK TI COMPARATIVE PHYTOTOXICITY OF THE FUMONISINS, AAL-TOXIN AND YEAST SPHINGOLIPIDS IN LEMNA-MINOR-L (DUCKWEED) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXINS; CELLS AB Fumonisin B1 and AAL-toxin, both of which contain sphingolipid-like substituents, are water-soluble metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme and Alternaria alternata, respectively. These two toxins were compared to each other and to tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS) and triacetyldihydrosphingosine (TADS) for effects on chlorophyll production and growth in Lemna minor L. (duckweed). Fumonisin B1 (0.7 mug), TAPS, and TADS all produced parallel effects on growth rate and chlorophyll content; however, FB1 did so at a 33-fold lower concentration. The AAL-toxin at 0.7 mug affects chlorophyll content more than plant growth (36% versus 73%, respectively), whereas at 3.3 mug concentration, the growth rate was less than 50% and chlorophyll content was reduced by 80%. By contrast, the hydrolysis product of FB1 that does not contain the tricarballylic acid (TCA) substituent is 23 times less active, which suggests that this component somehow enhances activity. The yeast sphingolipids are completely acetylated and do not contain TCA groups but also affect chlorophyll content and growth rate of duckweed. However the effect was substantially less than with AAL-toxin and FB1, which contain one and two TCA groups, respectively. C1 USDA,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP VESONDER, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 23 IS 4 BP 464 EP 467 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JU409 UT WOS:A1992JU40900010 ER PT J AU MCNAMARA, JR JENNER, JL LI, ZL WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF MCNAMARA, JR JENNER, JL LI, ZL WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI CHANGE IN LDL PARTICLE-SIZE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGE IN PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN SUBSPECIES; TRIGLYCERIDES; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SUBCLASS PATTERNS; RISK-FACTORS; SUBFRACTIONS; APOLIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL; FRACTIONS; AGE AB Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size is inversely associated with plasma triglyceride concentration in cross-sectional analyses. In the present study, changes in the LDL particle size of 227 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study were analyzed longitudinally by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis at two examinations that were separated by 3-4 years. All subjects had triglyceride concentration <400 mg/dl at both exams. Using laser scanning densitometry to assess mean LDL particle size, 56% of samples displayed a change in size: 41% had a one-band size change, 13% had a two-band change, an 2% had a three-band change. These changes in size corresponded to a 15% change in pattern type, based on pattern A and B terminology. There was a significant inverse association between change in LDL size and change in triglyceride (p<0.0001) and glucose (p<0.004) concentrations, body weight (p<0.02), and age (p<0.03). There was also a significant positive association with change in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (p<0.0001). Change in LDL cholesterol concentration, as calculated by use of the Friedewald formula, however, showed no significant association with change in LDL size (p<0.9). There was also no significant association with change in smoking or blood pressure, but there was a nonsignificant inverse trend associated with alcohol intake (p<0.08). Women had more significant changes than men, but the relation between change in LDL size and change in lipids was the same for women and men. In stepwise regression analyses of biochemical indices, change in triglyceride concentration produced the best single-variable model (r=0.460). When change in HDL cholesterol concentration was added to the model, the r value increased slightly to 0.481 for the two-variable model. No other variables entered the model. We conclude that the amount of circulating triglyceride appears to be the single most important factor affecting LDL particle size and that LDL size can be modulated by changes in plasma triglyceride concentration. C1 NHLBI,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP MCNAMARA, JR (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243, HV 83-03] NR 34 TC 225 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1284 EP 1290 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JX302 UT WOS:A1992JX30200007 PM 1420088 ER PT J AU STALEY, TE LAWRENCE, EG NANCE, EL AF STALEY, TE LAWRENCE, EG NANCE, EL TI INFLUENCE OF A PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING PSEUDOMONAD AND VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS ON ALFALFA AND BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL GROWTH AND NODULATION SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE RHIZOBIA; RHIZOSPHERE; ACID SOILS; PASTURES; HILL-LANDS; VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ID DUAL INOCULATION; SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER; RHIZOBIUM; RHIZOSPHERE; SOILS AB In a growth chamber study we examined the influence of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas putida R-20, and an acid-tolerant vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices 25, on Medicago sativa L. and Lotus corniculatus L. growth and nodule development. Seedlings were planted in an acidic (pH 5.5), P-deficient soil containing re-established native microflora (minus VAM) and appropriate rhizobia, and inoculated with the rhizobacterium, the VAM fungus, or both. The plants were assayed at three intervals for up to 10-11 weeks. The growth-promoting rhizobacteria alone increased alfalfa shoot mass by 23% compared to all other treatments, but only at 8 weeks of growth, apparently by promoting nodulation and N2 fixation (acetylene reduction activity). The presence of VAM, either alone or in combination with the rhizobacteria, generally decreased root length but only at 8 weeks also. As a group, the inoculation treatments increased all nodular measurements by 10 weeks of growth. Few treatment effects were found at 7 and 9 weeks for birdsfoot trefoil; neither plant nor nodular measurements differed among treatments. By 11 weeks, shoot mass was increased by the rhizobacteria alone by 36% compared to the control. As a group, the inoculation treatments all showed increased nodular responses by this time. The rhizobacteria stimulated mycorrhizal development on both plant species, but only at the initial samplings. No synergistic effects between the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and VAM inoculation were found. Although these results lend credence to the concept of managing microorganisms in the rhizosphere to improve plant growth, they emphasize the necessity for a more thorough understanding of microbial interactions as plants mature. C1 NPI,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108. RP STALEY, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD NOV PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1007/BF00346058 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KA508 UT WOS:A1992KA50800004 ER PT J AU STUMPF, TT WOLFE, MW ROBERSON, MS CADDY, G KITTOK, RJ SCHANBACHER, BD GROTJAN, HE KINDER, JE AF STUMPF, TT WOLFE, MW ROBERSON, MS CADDY, G KITTOK, RJ SCHANBACHER, BD GROTJAN, HE KINDER, JE TI BOVINE LUTEINIZING-HORMONE (LH) ISOFORMS AND AMOUNTS OF MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID FOR ALPHA-SUBUNITS AND LH BETA-SUBUNITS IN PITUITARIES OF COWS IMMUNIZED AGAINST LH-RELEASING HORMONE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID ASPARAGINE-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OVINE ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; CHARGE MICROHETEROGENEITY; OVARIECTOMIZED EWES; PULSATILE SECRETION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RAT; LUTROPIN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; HETEROGENEITY AB Ovariectomized beef cows were actively immunized against LHRH to test the hypothesis that decreased stimulation of gonadotropes would alter the distribution of LH isoforms and amounts of mRNA for subunits of LH in the pituitary. Eight long-term (3 yr) ovariectomized beef cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: immunization against LHRH conjugated to human serum globulin (n = 4) and nonimmunization (control, n = 4). Mean concentration of serum LH in cows immunized against LHRH (1.0 +/- .83 ng/ml) was less (p = 0.01) than in control cows (5.0 +/- 0.83 ng/ml). Amounts of alpha- (p = 0.13) and LH beta-subunit (p = 0.10) mRNA tended to be reduced in cows immunized against LHRH compared to control cows. However, weight of the anterior pituitary and concentrations of LH in this gland did not differ (p = 0.90) among cows from the two groups. Pituitary extracts were chromatofocused on pH 10.5-7.0 gradients, and concentrations of LH in eluent fractions were determined by RIA. Extracts of all pituitaries resolved into nine isoforms (designated A through H and Z beginning with the most basic form). Only isoform F (mid-alkaline elution, pH = 8.8) was influenced by treatment (p = 0.05). Cows immunized against LHRH had a greater relative amount of isoform F (42.1 +/- 1.4%) than controls (37.2 +/- 1.4%). In summary, immunization of cows against LHRH altered 1 ) circulating concentrations of LH, 2) amounts of mRNA for the subunits of LH, and 3) distribution of intrapituitary LH isoforms without changing the concentrations of LH in the anterior pituitary. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,A224J,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD18879] NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 47 IS 5 BP 776 EP 781 DI 10.1095/biolreprod47.5.776 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JU827 UT WOS:A1992JU82700013 PM 1477203 ER PT J AU HAKKOLA, J MAENPAA, J MAYER, RT PARK, SS GELBOIN, HV PELKONEN, O AF HAKKOLA, J MAENPAA, J MAYER, RT PARK, SS GELBOIN, HV PELKONEN, O TI 7-ALKOXYQUINOLINE O-DEALKYLATION BY MICROSOMES FROM HUMAN LIVER AND PLACENTA SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 7-ALKOXYQUINOLINE; CYTOCHROME P450; HUMAN LIVER; HUMAN PLACENTA; CIGARETTE SMOKING ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RECOMMENDED NOMENCLATURE; MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITIES; P450 SUPERFAMILY; HUMAN-TISSUES; CYTOCHROME-P-450; RAT; METABOLISM; ASSAY; MOUSE AB 1 The O-dealkylation of seven 7-alkoxyquinoline derivatives by human hepatic and placental microsomes and the effect of maternal cigarette smoking on placental 7-alkoxyquinoline metabolism was studied. 2 None of several monoclonal antibodies to isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 had a clear effect on metabolism of the compounds by liver microsomes. 3 Maternal cigarette smoking induced the O-dealkylation of all of the 7-alkoxyquinoline derivatives, being greatest for 7-butoxy- and 7-benzyloxyquinoline. 4 Placental 7-alkoxyquinoline metabolism induced by smoking was partially inhibited by the monoclonal antibody 1-7-1 raised against 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver P450. 5 None of the 7-alkoxyquinoline O-dealkylations could be assigned specifically to any known P450 isoenzyme in human liver or placenta. C1 UNIV OULU,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,SF-90220 OULU,FINLAND. NCI,MOLEC CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 5 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JX835 UT WOS:A1992JX83500006 PM 1467136 ER PT J AU DELUCCA, AJ BROGDEN, KA FRENCH, AD AF DELUCCA, AJ BROGDEN, KA FRENCH, AD TI AGGLUTINATION OF LUNG SURFACTANT WITH GLUCAN SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COTTON DUST; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN; SHOCK AB Respirable cotton dust, implicated in the pathogenesis of byssinosis, contains a number of bioactive compounds. These include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tannins, bacterial peptides, byssinosin, iacinilene C, and 1,3-beta-D-glucan. The exact aetiological agent of byssinosis in such dust has not been definitively identified nor has its mechanism of action on lower lung surfaces been determined. In the present study 1,3-beta-D-glucan, Enterobacter agglomerans LPS, and ovine pulmonary surfactant were mixed in varying combinations. After incubation, their characteristics were determined by sucrose density centrifugation, TLC, and carbohydrate analysis. Precipitates were found in mixtures containing surfactant-glucan and surfactant-glucan-LPS, but not in surfactant-LPS. Precipitates were not seen in the surfactant, LPS, and glucan controls. The formation of a precipitate did not increase the density of the surfactant glucan mixture when compared by density gradient centrifugation with the surfactant control. The interaction between surfactant and glucan was analysed by molecular modelling. The energy of a surfactant-glucan complex (60.07 kcal/mol) was calculated to be much lower than the sum of glucan (47.09 kcal/mol) and surfactant (30.98 kcal/mol) when added separately. The results indicate that 1,3-beta-D-glucan does interact with surfactant and this complex may play a part in the pathogenesis of byssinosis by altering lung physiology maintained by pulmonary surfactant. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP DELUCCA, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,COMPOSIT & PROPERTIES RES UNIT,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0007-1072 J9 BRIT J IND MED PD NOV PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 755 EP 760 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JX072 UT WOS:A1992JX07200003 PM 1463675 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP VASILATOSYOUNKEN, R AF ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP VASILATOSYOUNKEN, R TI INVITRO LIPID-METABOLISM, GROWTH AND METABOLIC HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN HYPERTHYROID CHICKENS SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LIPOGENESIS; DIETARY PROTEIN; ATPASE; THYROID HORMONES; CHICKENS ID BROILER BREEDER HENS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; PROTEIN-LEVELS; LIPOGENESIS; RESPIRATION; INSULIN; RATIO; PIGS AB Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed on diets containing energy: protein values varying from 43 to 106 MJ /kg protein and containing 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg diet to study effects on growth, metabolic hormone concentrations and in vitro lipogenesis. In vitro lipid synthesis was determined in liver explants in the presence and absence of ouabain (Na+, K+-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37) inhibitor) to estimate the role of enzyme activity in explants synthesizing lipid. Growth and feed consumption increased (P < 0-01) when the energy:protein value decreased from 106 to 71 MJ/kg protein; however, both variables decreased as the value was further decreased from 53 to 43 MJ/kg protein. Triiodothyronine depressed (P < 0.01) growth, but not food intake. Large energy:protein diets (> 53 MJ/kg protein) and dietary T3 lowered (P < 0.01) plasma growth hormone. Large energy: protein diets ( > 53 MJ/kg protein) increased (P < 0.01) lipogenesis, plasma growth hormone (GH) and decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Also, T3 decreased plasma GH, IGF-1 in vitro lipogenesis. Ouabain inhibited a greater proportion of in vitro lipogenesis in those explants synthesizing fat at a high rate. Both dietary T3 and in vitro ouabain decrease lipogenesis, but, when combined, the effects are not cumulative. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 68 IS 3 BP 667 EP 676 DI 10.1079/BJN19920124 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KD886 UT WOS:A1992KD88600012 PM 1337268 ER PT J AU LISLE, TE LEWIS, J AF LISLE, TE LEWIS, J TI EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON SURVIVAL OF SALMONID EMBRYOS IN A NATURAL STREAM - A SIMULATION APPROACH SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; GRAVEL BED; BEDLOAD-TRANSPORT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA; KISUTCH; CREEK; FINE AB A model is presented that simulates the effects of streamflow and sediment transport on survival of salmonid embryos incubating in spawning gravels in a natural channel. Components of the model include a 6-yr streamflow record, an empirical bedload-transport function, a relation between transport and infiltration of sandy bedload into a gravel bed, effects of fine-sediment infiltration on gravel properties, and functions relating embryo survival to gravel properties. High-flow events drive temporal variations in survival; cross-channel variations in bedload transport cause spatial variations. Expected survival, as a result, varies widely from year to year and between spawning runs in a single year. Alternative functions from previous research that relate survival to fine-sediment concentration in spawning gravel and to intergravel rates of flow yield categorically different results. The relative uncertainty of the components of this model indicates that the greatest research needs are to understand how sediment transport affects the intergravel environment and how these changes affect embryo development and survival. RP LISLE, TE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2337 EP 2344 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF388 UT WOS:A1992KF38800015 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, PB LLOYD, SW AF JOHNSEN, PB LLOYD, SW TI INFLUENCE OF FAT-CONTENT ON UPTAKE AND DEPURATION OF THE OFF-FLAVOR 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL BY CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MUSTY FLAVOR; GEOSMIN; WATER; CULTURES; PONDS; ODOR AB Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) of different tissue fat contents (0.5-11.0%) were held in water containing approximately 0.5 mug/L of the off-flavor compound 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) for various times. A new analytical method was developed to quantify tissue burdens of MIB. Fish showed significant bioconcentration of MIB after 2 h and equilibrium by 24 h. The fatter fish (>2.5% muscle fat) accumulated nearly three times more MIB than lean fish (<2%). Purging fish in MIB-free water indicated that leaner fish depurate faster (8 h) than fatter fish (48 h). Fat content had more influence in determining the time for return to acceptable flavor than initial MIB concentration. Managing catfish production to harvest leaner fish could minimize the impact of off-flavor on fish producers. RP JOHNSEN, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL RES UNIT,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 20 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2406 EP 2411 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF388 UT WOS:A1992KF38800024 ER PT J AU WAGNER, JE RIDEOUT, DB AF WAGNER, JE RIDEOUT, DB TI THE STABILITY OF THE CAPITAL-ASSET PRICING-MODELS PARAMETERS IN ANALYZING FOREST INVESTMENTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RETURNS; STATIONARITY; RISK AB Parameter instability can seriously affect the reliability and credibility of the capital asset pricing model's (CAPM's) inference results. This paper combines the cusum of square test (CST) and the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) test with event analysis to determine if the parameters of a nominal and real capital asset pricing model were unstable and, if so, to examine the resulting structural changes in the CAPM's parameters. The forestry asset was defined as the stumpage price of Pacific Northwest ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderoso Laws.). The CST and LLR test results indicated that the nominal and real CAPM's parameters were unstable and that a parameter shift occurred in the fourth quarter of 1976. The beta indices estimated using the event analysis model and nominal returns were insignificantly different from zero prior to the parameter shift and greater than one after it. The beta indices estimated using the event analysis model and real returns were not significantly different from zero prior to as well as after the point of instability. While the CST and LLR tests indicated that the real CAPM's parameters were unstable, the estimated parameters were insignificant, indicating that the beta indices calculated using real returns were stable. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST & WOOD SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WAGNER, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,BOX 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1639 EP 1645 DI 10.1139/x92-217 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400009 ER PT J AU SCHMID, JM MATA, SA SCHMIDT, RA AF SCHMID, JM MATA, SA SCHMIDT, RA TI BARK TEMPERATURE PATTERNS IN MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE SUSCEPTIBLE STANDS OF LODGEPOLE PINE IN THE CENTRAL ROCKIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB Bark temperatures were recorded on five lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) in stands of different growing stock levels in Colorado and Wyoming. Mean bark temperatures were significantly different among growing stock levels. Temperatures in the partially cut growing stock levels were significantly warmer than in uncut controls during diurnal hours, but temperatures were cooler during nocturnal hours. Bark temperatures correlated with ambient air temperature. Equations were developed for predicting north- and south-side bark temperatures for partially cut stands of three growing stock levels and an uncut control from air temperatures. Bark temperature patterns in lodgepole and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) stands are compared. The relationship between growing stock level and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) infestation is discussed from the standpoint of bark temperatures. RP SCHMID, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1669 EP 1675 DI 10.1139/x92-220 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400012 ER PT J AU CHILCOTE, CA WITTER, JA MONTGOMERY, ME STOYENOFF, JL AF CHILCOTE, CA WITTER, JA MONTGOMERY, ME STOYENOFF, JL TI INTRACLONAL AND INTERCLONAL VARIATION IN GYPSY-MOTH LARVAL PERFORMANCE ON BIGTOOTH AND TREMBLING ASPEN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST TEMPERATURE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; BACULOVIRUS AB A field study on the effects of interclonal and intraclonal variations of aspens on the performance of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was conducted in Michigan during 1988 and 1989. Study species were trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., and bigtooth aspen, Populus grandidentata Michx. Larvae were caged on intact host trees in the field in fine mesh bags. We examined the leaf phenological development of aspen clones and its relationship to a number of insect parameters: larval weight, relative growth rates, survival, and pupal weights. Interclonal variations in larval growth on trembling aspen clones and bigtooth aspen clones were high in 1988 and 1989. Leaf phenological differences between clones also were highly significant. These differences in leaf phenology led to a window of vulnerability existing for each clone. While insects that initiated feeding on phenologically delayed clones had poorer survival and lower growth rates than did larvae on more phenologically advanced clones, later in the season these larvae were able to catch up as the phenology of delayed clones caught up to that of more advanced clones. Because of this, pupal weights did not show significant effects of clones. Intraclonal variation in larval growth was extremely low for all growth periods. While there were significant differences in phenology between ramets within clones, the variation was much less than the variation seen in phenological differences between clones. Phenology of caged branches within a tree did not vary significantly for either species. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NAT RESOURCES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP CHILCOTE, CA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1676 EP 1683 DI 10.1139/x92-221 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400013 ER PT J AU ALLEN, DC BARNETT, CJ MILLERS, I LACHANCE, D AF ALLEN, DC BARNETT, CJ MILLERS, I LACHANCE, D TI TEMPORAL CHANGE (1988-1990) IN SUGAR MAPLE HEALTH, AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CROWN CONDITION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON EMERGING ISSUES IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD MANAGEMENT : AIR POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND BIODIVERSITY CY MAY 21-23, 1991 CL MACKINAC ISL, MI SP MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, FORESTRY CANADA, USDA, FOREST SERV, MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, MICHIGAN DEP NAT RESOURCES, UNIV MICHIGAN, UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, SOC AMER FORESTERS ID DIEBACK AB Change in the health of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and associated northern hardwoods was evaluated for 3 years (1988-1990) in seven states and four provinces. Generally, levels of crown dieback and crown transparency (a measure of foliage density) in 165 stands decreased during this period. In 1990, less than 7% of all dominant-codominant sugar maples (n = 7317) exhibited crown dieback greater-than-or equal-to 20%. Significantly (p = 0.05) fewer of these maples were classified as having high crown transparency (greater-than-or-equal-to 30%) in 1990 compared with 1988. Crowns of maples that received moderate (31-60%) or heavy (>60%) pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel)) damage for 1 year recovered the following year. Crowns of maples exposed to severe drought in 1988 (Wisconsin) continued to show the effects (high transparency) of this stress in 1990. A majority (69-71%) of the dominant codominant sugar maples with high (greater-than-or-equal-to 20%) crown dieback had bole and (or) root damage. Of those maples with crown dieback greater-than-or-equal-to 50%, 86% had bole and (or) root damage. The condition of sugar maple in operating sugar bushes and undisturbed stands was similar. The condition of sugar maple crowns was similar in locations presumably exposed to low, medium, and high levels of sulfate deposition. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE AREA STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,RADNOR,PA 19087. FORESTRY CANADA,LAURENTIAN FOREST RES CTR,ST FOY G1V 4C7,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP ALLEN, DC (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1776 EP 1784 DI 10.1139/x92-232 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400025 ER PT J AU GOVE, JH MARTIN, CW PATIL, GP SOLOMON, DS HORNBECK, JW AF GOVE, JH MARTIN, CW PATIL, GP SOLOMON, DS HORNBECK, JW TI PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY ON EVEN-AGED HARVESTS AT THE HUBBARD BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST - 10-YEAR RESULTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON EMERGING ISSUES IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD MANAGEMENT : AIR POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND BIODIVERSITY CY MAY 21-23, 1991 CL MACKINAC ISL, MI SP MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, FORESTRY CANADA, USDA, FOREST SERV, MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, MICHIGAN DEP NAT RESOURCES, UNIV MICHIGAN, UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, SOC AMER FORESTERS ID SITE-PREPARATION AB Comparisons of plant species diversity were made on two separate watersheds treated by a block clearcut and progressive strip cut in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Intrinsic diversity profiles were used to make diversity comparisons. A jackknifing technique was used on the diversity profiles for bias correction and to test for intrinsic diversity orderings. Comparisons were made within treatments over time and between treatments at 1 and 10 years after cutting. The results suggest that plant species diversity was lowest the year following treatment on both watersheds, and that it was at its highest 10 years after cutting on the progressive strip cut; however, diversity was found to be decreasing after 10 years on the block clearcut. In addition, the data suggest that the overall diversity of the progressive strip cut was higher than that of the block clearcut both immediately and 10 years after treatment. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,CTR STAT ECOL & ENVIRONM STAT,DEPT STAT,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP GOVE, JH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1800 EP 1806 DI 10.1139/x92-235 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400028 ER PT J AU NIESE, JN STRONG, TF AF NIESE, JN STRONG, TF TI ECONOMIC AND TREE DIVERSITY TRADE-OFFS IN MANAGED NORTHERN HARDWOODS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON EMERGING ISSUES IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD MANAGEMENT : AIR POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND BIODIVERSITY CY MAY 21-23, 1991 CL MACKINAC ISL, MI SP MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, FORESTRY CANADA, USDA, FOREST SERV, MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, MICHIGAN DEP NAT RESOURCES, UNIV MICHIGAN, UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, SOC AMER FORESTERS AB Forest ecologists have long believed that greater tree species diversity in hardwood forests reduces biological risk, but researchers have not yet linked diversification with economic returns for managed hardwood forests. This paper shows how management of northern hardwood forests affects tree species diversity and economic returns. Shannon's index is used to measure regeneration diversity for eight even- and uneven-aged cutting methods from a 40-year study on the Argonne Experimental Forest. These indices of tree species diversity are compared with the potential economic returns for the research sites. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP NIESE, JN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1807 EP 1813 DI 10.1139/x92-236 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400029 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, DP SHEETS, CJ HARTUNG, JS AF ROBERTS, DP SHEETS, CJ HARTUNG, JS TI EVIDENCE FOR PROLIFERATION OF ENTOROBACTER-CLOACAE ON CARBOHYDRATES IN CUCUMBER AND PEA SPERMOSPHERE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBOHYDRATE NUTRITION; SPERMOSPHERE PROLIFERATION; GLYCOSIDASE ID PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INSERTION MUTAGENESIS; CHROMOSOMAL INSERTION; RHIZOSPHERE; TRANSPOSON; PYTHIUM; SEED AB Enterobacter cloacae EcCT501 grew on a variety of mono- and oligo-saccharides in vitro but did not grow on any of the polysaccharides tested. Carbohydrates found in seed exudates supported growth as did major monosaccharide constituents of seed storage carbohydrates and various seed-associated oligosaccharides. In addition, a rifampicin-resistant mutant of E. cloacae EcCT501, strain 501R3, grew on several of these mono- and oligo-saccharides in a natural gravely loamy sand soil. Glycosidase activities were detected in E. cloacae EcCT501 cultures that have the potential to degrade carbohydrate seed exudates and the oligosaccharide components of seed storage carbohydrates. Aqueous extracts from corn and pea seed induced activities of alpha-galactosidase 15- and 18-fold, respectively. Activities of alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, and beta-xylosidase were slightly induced by corn and pea seed extracts. Induction of these glycosidase activities by these extracts is consistent with their involvement in spermosphere proliferation. No carbohydrate depolymerase activities were detected. Strain A-11, which was isolated after mutation of strain 501R3 with transposon mini-Tn5 Km, lost the ability to grow on or had a reduced growth rate on several carbohydrates. Strain A-11 was similar to strain 501R3 in other nutritional tests. In cucumber spermosphere proliferation assays populations of strains 501R3 and A-11 were significantly different (P = 0.001) at 20 and 45 h. Strain A-11 did not proliferate in cucumber spermosphere, while strain 501R3 increased in number 21-fold after 45 h. In pea spermosphere, populations of strains A-11 and 501R3 increased 345- and 690-fold, respectively, after 45 h (significantly different at P = 0.1). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that spermosphere mono- and oligo-saccharides have roles as nutrients during spermosphere proliferation by E. cloacae. C1 USDA,INST PLANT SCI,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROBERTS, DP (reprint author), USDA,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1128 EP 1134 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA KB807 UT WOS:A1992KB80700007 ER PT J AU TWEDT, DJ BLEIER, WJ LINZ, GM AF TWEDT, DJ BLEIER, WJ LINZ, GM TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN MALE YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDS FROM THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Note ID SYSTEMATICS AB Electrophoretic differences at 15 presumptive loci were used to assess allelic frequencies, heterozygosities, and polymorphism for male Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) collected in east-central Alberta, north-central North Dakota, and east-central South Dakota. Five loci were polymorphic and mean heterozygosities ranged from 0.119 to 0.133. Significant differences were detected among these geographic populations of Yellow-headed Blackbirds, primarily due to differences in the allelic frequencies of isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Differences detected were not sufficient to uniquely identify the geographic origin of Yellow-headed Blackbirds. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2280 EP 2282 DI 10.1139/z92-305 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KA541 UT WOS:A1992KA54100026 ER PT J AU SMITH, KE ZIMMERMAN, JJ BOLIN, CA BERAN, GW HILL, HT AF SMITH, KE ZIMMERMAN, JJ BOLIN, CA BERAN, GW HILL, HT TI A SURVEY OF HOUSE MICE FROM IOWA SWINE FARMS FOR INFECTION WITH LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SEROVAR BRATISLAVA SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Note ID PIGS C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 33 IS 11 BP 742 EP 744 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JY064 UT WOS:A1992JY06400017 PM 17424117 ER PT J AU KINGAN, TG BLACKBURN, MB RAINA, AK AF KINGAN, TG BLACKBURN, MB RAINA, AK TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF PHEROMONE-BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE (PBAN) IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF THE CORN-EARWORM MOTH, HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE-BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; HELICOVERPA-ZEA (INSECTA) ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; NEURAL REGULATION; HELIOTHIS MOTHS; BRAIN HORMONE; LEPIDOPTERA; STIMULATION; FMRFAMIDE; NOCTUIDAE; GLANDS AB Production of sex pheromone in several species of moths has been shown to be under the control of a neuropeptide termed pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN). We have produced an antiserum to PBAN from Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and used it to investigate the distribution of immunoreactive peptide in the brain-suboesophageal ganglion complex and its associated neurohemal structures, and the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. Immunocytochemical methods reveal three clusters of cells along the ventral midline in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), one cluster each in the presumptive mandibular (4 cells), maxillary (12-14 cells), and labial neuromeres (4 cells). The proximal neurites of these cells are similar in their dorsal and lateral patterns of projection, indicating a serial homology among the three clusters. Members of the mandibular and maxillary clusters have axons projecting into the maxillary nerve, while two additional pairs of axons from the maxillary cluster project into the ventral nerve cord. Members of the labial cluster project to the retrocerebral complex (corpora cardiaca and cephalic aorta) via the nervus corpus cardiaci III (NCC III). The axons projecting into the ventral nerve cord appear to arborize principally in the dorsolateral region of each segmental ganglion; the terminal abdominal ganglion is distinct in containing an additional ventromedial arborization in the posterior third of the ganglion. Quantification of the extractable immunoreactive peptide in the retrocerebral complex by ELISA indicates that PBAN is gradually depleted during the scotophase, then restored to maximal levels in the photophase. Taken together, our findings provide anatomical evidence for both neurohormonal release of PBAN as well as axonal transport via the ventral nerve cord to release sites within the segmental ganglia. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP KINGAN, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 270 IS 2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1007/BF00328008 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JT199 UT WOS:A1992JT19900002 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, WE AF MARSHALL, WE TI EFFECT OF DEGREE OF MILLING OF BROWN RICE AND PARTICLE-SIZE OF MILLED RICE ON STARCH GELATINIZATION SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL AB Unmilled and milled Lemont long-grain rice samples were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry to determine the effect of abrasive milling or disruption of kernel integrity on starch gelatinization. Kernel integrity was disrupted by pulverizing kernels to different particle sizes, and starch gelatinization was measured for the various fractions. Unmilled (brown) rice kernels had higher gelatinization onset (T(o)), peak (T(p)), and conclusion (T(c)) temperatures than any milled sample. Partial removal of the bran layer resulted in a sharp decrease in these temperatures. Continued abrasive milling further decreased T(p) and T(c) until the degree of milling reached about 20%. Further milling to 66% had little effect on the gelatinization temperatures. Gelatinization enthalpies (DELTAH) increased until a 20-25% degree of milling was attained, but no additional change was observed upon further milling. In contrast, reduction in particle size caused a large decrease in T(p), T(c), and DELTAH but only a modest decrease in T(o). These results indicate that starch gelatinization can be altered through abrasive milling or changes in particle size. RP MARSHALL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 632 EP 636 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KA530 UT WOS:A1992KA53000010 ER PT J AU BRANLARD, G KHELIFI, D LOOKHART, G AF BRANLARD, G KHELIFI, D LOOKHART, G TI IDENTIFICATION OF SOME WHEAT PROTEINS SEPARATED BY A 2-STEP ACID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS TECHNIQUE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID SDS-PAGE PROCEDURE; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; GLUTENIN; LMW C1 UNIV CONSTANTINE,INST BIOL,CONSTANTINE,ALGERIA. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP BRANLARD, G (reprint author), INRA,AMELIORAT PLANTES STN,F-63039 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 677 EP 678 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KA530 UT WOS:A1992KA53000019 ER PT J AU FESCEMYER, HW MASLER, EP DAVIS, RE KELLY, TJ AF FESCEMYER, HW MASLER, EP DAVIS, RE KELLY, TJ TI VITELLOGENIN SYNTHESIS IN FEMALE LARVAE OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (L) - SUPPRESSION BY JUVENILE-HORMONE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYMPH VITELLOGENIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BOMBYX-MORI; FAT-BODY; BIOSYNTHESIS; VITELLIN; PROTEINS AB 1. Fat body from feeding-phase, last instar gypsy moth females incorporates L-[S-35]methionine in vitro into two vitellogenins with the same molecular masses (165 and 180 kDa) as the apo-vitellogenins found in the hemolymph and the apo-vitellins in the eggs. 2. Both apo-vitellogenins are observed in the medium of fat body cultures, but only the 180 kDa apo-vitellogenin is observed in extracts of cultured tissue. 3. Synthesis and accumulation of the apo-vitellogenins are suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by topical treatment with the juvenile hormone analog, methoprene, prior to day 4. 4. This suppression suggests that a declining juvenile hormone titre is involved in the initiation of vitellogenin synthesis. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP FESCEMYER, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 103 IS 3 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90366-Y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA JX537 UT WOS:A1992JX53700006 ER PT J AU MANSFIELD, LS GAMBLE, HR FETTERER, RH AF MANSFIELD, LS GAMBLE, HR FETTERER, RH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EGGSHELL OF HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS .1. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGG-SHELLS; NEMATODE AB 1. By transmission electron microscopy, the eggshell of Haemonchus contortus was seen to be similar to previously studied nematodes, with an outer vitelline layer bounded by a trilaminate membrane, a broad medial region, containing chitin, and an electron dense basal region, containing lipid and protein. 2. Exposure of Haemonchus contortus eggs to proteases resulted in disruption of the shell with removal of components of the outer, medial and basal regions. Exposure to chitinase depleted fibrillar components of the medial region of the shell, while collagenase had no effect. 3. Chloroform/methanol extraction of fresh eggshells caused a minor condensation of the outer, vitelline layer and some depletion of the basal layer. 4. After normal hatching, shells appeared similar to those treated with protease and chitinase, but also lacked the basal, lipid layer. 5. Extracts of isolated unhatched eggshells and hatched eggshells, and extracts of biotin-labelled whole fresh eggs showed three major protein bands when run on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels indicating that these three proteins are most likely structural in nature and do not participate in the release of the larva from the eggshell. 6. Biotin-labelled protein bands were degraded by proteases and chitinase, but not collagenase or lipase. RP MANSFIELD, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 103 IS 3 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90390-D PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA JX537 UT WOS:A1992JX53700030 PM 1458842 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ AF MERSMANN, HJ TI ADENOSINE THEOPHYLLINE INTERACTIONS ON THE LIPOLYTIC RESPONSE TO BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS IN PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADIPOCYTE METABOLISM; SWINE ADIPOCYTES; FAT-CELLS; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITION; INVITRO; LIPOGENESIS; SLICES AB 1. Many beta-adrenergic agonists did not stimulate porcine adipose tissue slice lipolysis unless theophylline, an antagonist of the adenosine receptor was added to the incubation medium. 2. In contrast to previous results, theophylline itself was an effective lipolytic agonist in tissue from many pigs. 3. Lipolysis was partially inhibited by adenosine or phenylisopropyl adenosine. Lipolysis was marginally stimulated by adenosine deaminase or 8-phenyltheophylline. 4. The data suggest that the mechanism of theophylline stimulation of lipolysis was only partially through antagonism of the adenosine receptor. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 103 IS 3 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90178-A PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA KG878 UT WOS:A1992KG87800019 PM 1363302 ER PT J AU CALL, DR GUTIERREZ, RJ VERNER, J AF CALL, DR GUTIERREZ, RJ VERNER, J TI FORAGING HABITAT AND HOME-RANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF CALIFORNIA SPOTTED OWLS IN THE SIERRA-NEVADA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA SPOTTED OWL; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-OCCIDENTALIS; SIERRA NEVADA; HOMERANGE SIZE; HABITAT SELECTION; FORAGING ID ECOLOGY; SIZE AB We examined habitat use patterns at two spatial scales among six radio-tagged California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in the Sierra Nevada. Foraging owls selected macrohabitats composed of larger trees (> 52 cm dbh) with canopy closures of 40% and greater. Owls used forests composed of medium trees (28-52 cm dbh) and habitats with less than 40% canopy closure, which is less frequently than expected. Fewer than 2% of telemetry locations occurred in clearcut/shrub/plantation habitat which represented 30% of available habitat. Foraging owls used microhabitats that were characterized by multiple vegetative strata, large tree size classes, high tree basal areas and woody debris. The median 100% minimum convex polygon home-range was 1,439 ha (n = 5, June to December, 1987). Telemetry locations were statistically independent when separated by five days. Estimates of minimum convex polygon and modified minimum convex polygon size based on statistically independent telemetry data were significantly smaller than estimates based on continuous and single-observation monitoring. C1 HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE,ARCATA,CA 95521. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.2307/1369285 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KC925 UT WOS:A1992KC92500008 ER PT J AU DUNBAR, KB PITTMAN, RN AF DUNBAR, KB PITTMAN, RN TI ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT FORMATION FROM MATURE LEAF EXPLANTS OF ARACHIS SPECIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INVITRO; VITRIFICATION; REGENERATION; CULTURES AB Adventitious shoot formation has important applications in genetic transformation, vegetative propagation, and germplasm storage. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of light intensity, explant age, gelling agent, phytohormone, and genotype on adventitious shoot formation from mature leaf explants of Arachis species. Mature leaf explants of 13 Arachis species were cultured for 30 d on a medium with Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, Gamborg B5 vitamins (B5), 30 g L-1 sucrose, 5 muM alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 5 muM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and solidified with 8 g L-1 agar. After tissue from these cultures was transferred to medium with reduced auxin, shoots or shoot buds were regenerated from the cultures of A. burkartii Handro, A. lignosa nom. nud. Krap. & Greg., A. paraguariensis Chod. & Hassl., A. repens Handro, A. rigonii Krap. & Greg., A. tuberosa Benth., A. villosa Benth., and A. villosulicarpa Hoehne. Changing the gelling agent in the regeneration medium from agar to rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch produced a threefold increase in the number of shoot buds produced from leaf explants of A. villosulicarpa. Mature leaf explants of A. villosulicarpa produced an average of 50 shoots and buds after 25 d in culture at 25-degrees-C, with a 16-h photoperiod of 100 mumol m-2 s-1, on a medium with MS salts, B5 vitamins, 5 muM NAA and 5 muM BAP, and solidified with 120 g L-1 rice starch. The high rate of shoot regeneration observed from mature leaf explants of A. villosulicarpa may allow it to be a model to test factors affecting adventitious shoot formation from Arachis species. RP DUNBAR, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,REG PLANT INTRO STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1356 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800009 ER PT J AU SAUNDERS, JW ACQUAAH, G RENNER, KA DOLEY, WP AF SAUNDERS, JW ACQUAAH, G RENNER, KA DOLEY, WP TI MONOGENIC DOMINANT SULFONYLUREA RESISTANCE IN SUGAR-BEET FROM SOMATIC-CELL SELECTION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHOOT REGENERATION; MUTANTS; LINES; INDUCTION; CULTURES; CALLUS AB Injury to sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L., from sulfonylurea herbicide residues from preceding cropping years has kindled interest in developing resistant cultivars. This study was conducted to obtain chlorsulfuron (2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide resistance from cell cultures 2nd to determine its inheritance and magnitude. Utilizing annual diploid sugarbeet clone REL-1, dispersed suspension cultures were initiated from callus induced on leaf disks cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium + 1.0 mg L-1 N6-benzyladenine (BA) and placed in the liquid form of the same medium. Unmutagenized cell clusters were plated on solid medium containing 2.8 nM chlorsulfuron in MS + 1.0 mg L-1 BA. A single colony arose, from which shoots were regenerated. Shoots were resistant to 28 nM chlorsulfuron, a concentration that killed similar shoots of REL-1. Resistance (designated Sur) was inherited as a monogenic dominant. In vitro shoot resistance to chlorsulfuron was 300 to 1000-fold greater than in REL-1. Resistance was also expressed in leaf disk expansion in vitro with MS + 1.0 mg L-1 BA. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP SAUNDERS, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARBEET BEAN & CEREAL RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1357 EP 1360 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800010 ER PT J AU RAY, IM TOKACH, MK AF RAY, IM TOKACH, MK TI CYTOLOGY OF 2N-POLLEN FORMATION IN DIPLOID CRESTED WHEATGRASS, AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 2N POLLEN FORMATION; INHERITANCE AB Hybrids between induced tetraploids of diploid crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 2x = 14), and tetraploid crested wheatgrass, A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. (2n = 4x = 28), have provided improved germplasm with unique agronomic traits. Introgression from diploids to tetraploids would be simplified if diploids that produce 2n gametes (gametes with the sporophytic chromosome number) could be identified. This study was initiated to determine if 2n pollen is produced in diploid crested wheatgrass and to determine the cytological mechanisms of 2n pollen formation. Pollen diameters were investigated by measuring 60 pollen grains from each of 600 diploid and 100 tetraploid genotypes. Pollen diameters averaged 37.9 mum (SE = 0.17) and 41.1 mum (SE = 0.33) for diploid and tetraploid genotypes, respectively, with a range of 35.3 to 41.3 mum among the diploids, and 39.7 to 46.8 mum among the tetraploids. Approximately 16% of the diploid genotypes produced some pollen grains with twice the mean volume of n pollen. Cytological analyses of 17 individuals that produced variable-sized pollen indicated that 2n pollen was produced via restitution at the second meiotic division. Meiotic abnormalities that could give rise to 2n microspores include i) arrest at metaphase II, ii) lack of sister chromatid movement in anaphase II, iii) movement of all or most sister chromatids to a single pole in anaphase II, and iv) abnormal cytokinesis after telophase II. The formation of 2n pollen in diploid crested wheatgrass should facilitate efficient transfer of germplasm from diploids to tetraploids within the genus Agropyon. C1 USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP RAY, IM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,SEEDSTOCKS ENHANCEMENT PROJECT,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1365 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800011 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC CREGAN, PB BOLGIANO, AP AF LEFFEL, RC CREGAN, PB BOLGIANO, AP TI NITROGEN-METABOLISM OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES SELECTED FOR SEED COMPOSITION, FASCIATED STEM, OR HARVEST INDEX SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Development of methodologies for genetically increasing the efficiency of N metabolism in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] requires the identification of desirable genetic variation. Two field experiments were conducted at Beltsville, MD, to determine the genetic variability for measures of N metabolism among soybean genotypes selected for diversity in chemical composition of seed, podding habit, and harvest index. Nitrogen accumulation and partitioning, and N2 fixation were determined, the latter by the difference method utilizing the nonnodulating 'Clark' rj1 genotype. Genotypes were evaluated at R5 (beginning seed) and R8 (full maturity) reproductive stages, to provide comparisons among genotypes for agronomic and N characteristics, including plant maturity; seed yield and protein; seed filling interval (R5 to R8); total harvest and total N harvest indices; pod N partitioning; and N2 fixation, N remobilization efficiency, and remobilized N. Results indicated that in most comparisons, high-protein soybean exhibited a shorter seed-filling interval, R5 to R8, as compared to low-protein soybean. Measures of N metabolism that can contribute to enhanced N metabolism and seed yield and protein were generally lacking among diverse germplasm. Current cultivars were equal or superior to plant introductions or fasciated lines for measures of N metabolism. RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1428 EP 1432 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800023 ER PT J AU PERCY, RG TURCOTTE, EL AF PERCY, RG TURCOTTE, EL TI INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID FIBER CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON ALTERED BY UNCONVENTIONAL GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L FIBER GENOTYPES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN PIMA COTTON; F1 HYBRIDS; HIRSUTUM-L; PARENTS; CROSSES AB Although fiber traits of interspecific hybrids of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. x G. barbadense L.) have been manipulated through choice of parent cultivar, the potential range of fiber trait expression in hybrids remains unclear due to limited trait variation in improved G. barbadense germplasm. This study was conducted to determine the effects of unconventional G. barbadense fiber genotypes on hybrid fiber. A second goal was to alter the fiber of interspecific hybrids from a fiber resembling an extra-long staple (35 mm) cotton to a fiber possessing long staple (30 mm), Acala-type parameters. Four G. barbadense strains bred for extremely short, coarse fiber and the cultivar Pima S-6 were crossed to four G. hirsutum cultivars to produce 20 hybrid populations. In four tests of parent and hybrid populations conducted at three locations, parent contribution to hybrid fiber length, uniformity, strength, elongation, micronaire reading, and yarn strength were apparent. Linear regressions of hybrid on G. barbadense parent fiber traits produced an R2 of 0.95 for 2.5% span length and an R2 of 0.52 for micronaire reading. A 0.3-mm change in hybrid length was estimated for every increase or decrease of 1 mm in the parental fiber. Estimated change in hybrid micronaire was 0.03 units for every 0.1 unit of change in parent micronaire. Heterotic effects in hybrids exceeded responses due to parent contribution and opposed the direction of selection practiced within the G. barbadense parents. Hybrid fiber resulting from the use of short, coarse-fibered G. barbadense genotypes was unique, fitting neither the long staple or extra-long staple classifications. RP PERCY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,MARICOPA AGR CTR,38760 W SMITH-ENKE RD,MARICOPA,AZ 85239, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1437 EP 1441 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800025 ER PT J AU BAKER, CA WEBSTER, JA PORTER, DR AF BAKER, CA WEBSTER, JA PORTER, DR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID RESISTANCE IN A HARD WHITE SPRING WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREENBUG HOMOPTERA AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a recently introduced insect pest that is a serious threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. While many hexaploid wheat lines have been identified as RWA-resistant, little is known about the mechanisms of resistance of these lines. This study was conducted to characterize the plant components (i.e., tolerance, antixenosis, and antibiosis) contributing to resistance of PI 140207, a hard white spring wheat, originally collected in Iran, that has a moderate level of resistance to the RWA. In greenhouse beds, PI 140207 exhibited fewer deleterious traits than other RWA-resistant lines, and thus was selected for further study. A series of tests designed to evaluate levels of tolerance, antixenosis (nonpreference), and antibiosis were conducted in the greenhouse in the spring of 1991. PI 140207 was compared with 'Pavon', a RWA-susceptible hard white spring wheat, in all tests. Tolerance of PI 140207 to RWA feeding, as measured by chlorosis damage rating, was moderate. Antibiosis of PI 140207, as measured by (i) population growth within an RWA colony, (ii) RWA life history analysis, and (iii) physical condition and weight of 7-d-old RWA progeny, was easily detected and differed significantly from Pavon. Antixenosis may also play a small role in the complex interaction of resistance components. PI 140207 is a valuable new source of resistance for germplasm enhancement efforts. RP BAKER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1442 EP 1446 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800026 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, MJ BUSCH, RH RINES, HW AF MITCHELL, MJ BUSCH, RH RINES, HW TI COMPARISON OF LINES DERIVED BY ANTHER CULTURE AND SINGLE-SEED DESCENT IN A SPRING WHEAT CROSS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Anther culture has the potential to produce homozygenous lines from crosses more rapidly than most conventional breeding methods, but in wheat (Tricticum aestivum L.) there have been only limited tests comparing the field performance of lines developed from crosses using these methods. This study was conducted to compare the performance of F1 anther culture-derived doubled-haploid (AC) lines and F4-derived random lines obtained by single-seed descent (SSD) from a cross of spring wheat. Forty AC lines and 40 SSD lines developed from 'Chris'/MN7529 were evaluated for six traits (grain yield, grain protein, plant height, kernel weight, heading date, and harvest index) at two locations in 1988 and 1989. The mean of the SSD lines was consistently higher than the mean of the AC lines for plant height and for kernel weight. The SSD lines also had a higher mean grain yield than AC lines in 1988, under severe drought conditions, but not in 1989. The AC lines exhibited greater genetic variance for grain protein and had a larger proportion of high-protein lines than SSD lines. No differences between methods for harvest index and heading date were found, with the exception of a slightly larger variance of the AC lines for harvest index in 1988. Upon comparison of the means of the highest 20% of the lines from each method for yield and protein, only the high-protein AC lines were found to have a greater mean and this was in 1989 only. For all of the traits analyzed, an acceptable level of performance could be found among the AC-produced lines, and selected lines were as agronomically desirable as those produced by SSD. However, there are often severe genotype limitations on the efficiency of doubled-haploid line production via anther culture, resulting in smaller population sizes from which to select desireable lines than with the SSD method. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. CAMPBELL RES & DEV,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1446 EP 1451 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800027 ER PT J AU COOK, CG ELZIK, KM AF COOK, CG ELZIK, KM TI COTTON SEEDLING AND 1ST-BLOOM PLANT CHARACTERISTICS - RELATIONSHIPS WITH DROUGHT-INFLUENCED BOLL ABSCISSION AND LINT YIELD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-GROWTH; WATER; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; STRESS AB Root growth and distribution are important plant adaptations to conditions where limited soil water availability is a major constraint to crop growth and yield. Field studies were conducted to evaluate root characteristics at seedling stage and first bloom of six cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes, and to determine the relationship between root growth parameters and drought-influenced boll abscission and lint yield. Genotypes included in the studies were: Tamcot SP37H (SP37H), Tamcot CD3H (CD3H), TX-CABUCS-2-1-83 (CABUCS), TX-MACAOS-3-84 (MACAOS), Paymaster 303 (PAY303), and Deltapine 41 (DPL41). Significant differences occurred between genotypes for seedling and first-bloom plant measurements, with CD3H and CABUCS having higher levels of seedling vigor, more rapid root system establishment and lower root-to-shoot ratios. Regression analyses indicated a positive association (R2 = 0.47, P < 0.01) between drought-induced boll abscission and root-to-shoot ratio at first bloom, while a negative relationship (R2 = 0.30, P < 0.01) was observed between dryland lint yield and first-bloom root-to-shoot ratio. Results suggest that selection for and incorporation of increased seedling vigor, rapid root-system establishment and lower root-to-shoot ratios into future cotton germplasm could improve drought tolerance and lint yields in regions subjected to limited or poorly distributed rainfall conditions. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP COOK, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1464 EP 1467 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800031 ER PT J AU SKINNER, DZ STUTEVILLE, DL AF SKINNER, DZ STUTEVILLE, DL TI GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN ALFALFA ACCESSIONS FOR RESISTANCE TO 2-ISOLATES OF PERONOSPORA-TRIFOLIORUM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOST AB We evaluated the resistance of 631 plant introduction accessions (PIs) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) from 50 countries, to two isolates (I-7 and I-8) of Peronospora trifoliorum de Bary, causal fungus of alfalfa downy mildew. The objectives were to investigate the association of alfalfa subspecies, basic germplasm source, fall dormancy, and regions of origin, with levels of resistance to P. trifoliorum. Differences between mean percentages of resistance to the fungus isolates were tested for statistical significance with t-prime tests, or LSD tests, adjusted in accordance with Bonferroni's inequalities. Five M. sativa subspecies were included:falcata, x varia, sativa, x hemicycla, and caerulea. The mean proportions of plants resistant to one isolate were not significantly different from the proportions resistance to the other isolate within any subspecies. Hence, genetic ancestry of the plants apparently was unrelated to isolate-specific resistance. Mean percentages of resistant plants ranged from 26.8 (subsp. falcata), to 6.3 (subsp. caerulea). Subspecies sativa accessions averaged 15.4% resistant plants. Significant differences between isolates within individual accessions were found in 160 accessions. The PIs with significantly more plants resistant to I-7 than to I-8 were from South and Central America, the Mediterranean area, and Australia. Plant introductions with significantly more plants resistant to isolate I-8 than to I-7 were from northern Europe and North America. This isolate-specific resistance did not appear to be associated with the geographic centers of origin of the basic types of alfalfa germplasms. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SKINNER, DZ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1470 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800032 ER PT J AU BENINATI, NF BUSCH, RH AF BENINATI, NF BUSCH, RH TI GRAIN PROTEIN INHERITANCE AND NITROGEN UPTAKE AND REDISTRIBUTION IN A SPRING WHEAT CROSS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; RED WINTER-WHEAT; GENETIC-VARIATION; PARTITIONING EFFICIENCY; DURUM-WHEAT; YIELD; SELECTION; TRANSLOCATION; ASSIMILATION; GENOTYPES AB Grain-protein concentration in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important to bread-making quality and human nutrition, and for its economic impact in marketing. The inheritance of high protein concentration in Minnpro, a cultivar released in 1989, was studied because progeny from its previous crosses in the breeding program appeared to have segregated in a qualitative fashion. Minn-pro was crossed to MN7570, a lower-protein line, and 88 and 84 F4-derived F7 lines were grown in a simple lattice design at two locations in Minnesota in 1984. Traits measured were grain yield, grain-protein concentration, and the physiological traits (biological yield, harvest index, plant N concentration, N concentration index, total plant N, and N harvest ind'') associated with N uptake and redistribution. The latter traits were measured in order to determine their associations and the possible physiological relationship with the increased grain protein. For grain-protein concentration, the data fit a bimodal distribution at each location and across locations with a monogenic ratio (9 high:7 low) expected for randomly selected F4-derived lines. As further evidence of probable qualitative inheritance of grain protein concentration, the genotype x location interaction was nonsignificant, and the correlation of the lines between locations for grain protein concentration was positive and high (r = 0.8, P < 0.01). Grain-protein concentration was positively associated with N concentration in the aerial vegetation on a per unit area basis but not with total aerial biomass. Thus, grain-protein concentration was associated with more efficient N redistribution per unit of aerial biomass, but not with the redistribution of a greater quantity of N per unit area. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US DEPT STATE,NCRE IRA BAMBUI,WASHINGTON,DC 20520. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1475 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800033 ER PT J AU GOURMET, C KOLB, FL HEWINGS, AD BROWN, CM AF GOURMET, C KOLB, FL HEWINGS, AD BROWN, CM TI SELECTION FOR BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS TOLERANCE IN F2 OAT POPULATIONS IN THE GREENHOUSE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING OAT AB Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is an important viral disease that reduces grain yield in small grains. Breeders usually do not screen for barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) tolerance prior to selection of homozygous lines from segregating populations. If early generations of segregating populations could be screened in the greenhouse to increase the frequency of BYDV-tolerant genotypes, the overall efficiency of selection would be improved. The objective was to determine if selection for BYDV tolerance in four F2 populations of spring oat (Avena sativa L.), which resulted from crosses of tolerant x tolerant parents and sensitive x tolerant parents, is effective in increasing the frequency of tolerant genotypes in the F4. F2 populations grown in the greenhouse were infested with viruliferous oat-bird cherry aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) that had been reared on plants infected with the BYDV PAV-IL isolate. Response to selection was evaluated in the F4 in the field using the same PAV-IL isolate. Selection in the F2 generation was moderately effective in increasing the frequency of tolerant genotypes in the sensitive x tolerant crosses, but was not effective in changing the mean BYDV tolerance in tolerant x tolerant populations. Heritability estimates calculated in 1990 and 1991 were high (0.5-0.8 and 0.8-0.9, respectively) and confirm that selection based on inoculated hills in the field should be effective in eliminating sensitive genotypes. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1476 EP 1479 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800034 ER PT J AU TINIUS, CN BURTON, JW CARTER, TE AF TINIUS, CN BURTON, JW CARTER, TE TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR SEED SIZE IN SOYBEAN .2. INDIRECT EFFECTS ON SEED GROWTH-RATE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FILLING PERIOD; DURATION; YIELD AB Seed growth rate (SGR) and effective filling period (EFP) have been associated with both seed size and seed yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Three subpopulations (designated SS1, SS2, and SS3) of the intermating population N79-1500, which segregates for male sterility (ms1ms1), were subjected to recurrent selection for increased seed size of male-sterile (MS) plants. The objective was to examine the relationship between seed size and development, and their effects on seed yield in the materials derived from selection. After four cycles of selection in SS1 and SS2, and three cycles in SS3, a composite of the parents of each cycle was tested at two locations in North Carolina in 1987 and 1988. A random sample of pods was collected on three dates almost-equal-to 10 d apart from the upper third of the canopy beginning at growth stage R5. The SGR was estimated by linear regression of seed weight on sampling day after 31 August, and EFP was calculated as mature seed size divided by SGR. A significant linear increase in SGR occurred in SS2 and SS3 across cycles of selection. Differences in EFP within and among subpopulations were not significant. The SGR apparently was more important than EFP in producing the increases in seed size of male-fertile (MF) plants. Seed size increased significantly in all three subpopulations and seed yield increased significantly in SS2 and SS3, but there were no significant differences across cycles of selection for seed number (seeds ha-1). C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,3127 LIGON ST,BOX 7631,RALEIGH,NC 27695. ASGROW SEED CO,MARION,AR 72364. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1483 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800035 ER PT J AU DOMAGALSKI, JM KOLLIPARA, KP BATES, AH BRANDON, DL FRIEDMAN, M HYMOWITZ, T AF DOMAGALSKI, JM KOLLIPARA, KP BATES, AH BRANDON, DL FRIEDMAN, M HYMOWITZ, T TI NULLS FOR THE MAJOR SOYBEAN BOWMAN-BIRK PROTEASE INHIBITOR IN THE GENUS GLYCINE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS AB The Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) is a major antinutritional factor in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. This study was conducted to determine nulls for the major soybean BBI in the genus Glycine. A monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to rapidly detect the relative levels of the major soybean BBI in unpurified seed extracts. A total of 12 690 accessions from 13 species were tested. All of the G. mar and G. soja Siebold & Zucc. accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection contained BBI. The BBI nulls were found in several of the wild perennial species: G. curvata Tind., G. cyrtoloba Tind., G. latifolia (Benth.) Newell & Hymowitz, G. microphylla (Benth.) Tind, G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth., and G. tomentella Hayata. The absence of BBI was confirmed by additional immunochemical methods and by enzymatic determination of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibition. The BBI nulls identified in this study could potentially be utilized in the production of a soybean cultivar lacking the major soybean BBI. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1505 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800039 ER PT J AU KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA MIKLAS, PN TAYLOR, J AF KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA MIKLAS, PN TAYLOR, J TI REGISTRATION OF ALPINE GREAT NORTHERN BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES ADVISORY BOARD, SAGINAW, MI 48603 USA. USDA ARS, TROP AGR RES STN, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. RP KELLY, JD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1510 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800046 ER PT J AU KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA WASSIMI, N TAYLOR, J AF KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA WASSIMI, N TAYLOR, J TI REGISTRATION OF AZTEC PINTO BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES ADVISORY BOARD, SAGINAW, MI 48603 USA. RP KELLY, JD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1509 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800045 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP MARSHALL, HG KOLB, FL AF LIVINGSTON, DP MARSHALL, HG KOLB, FL TI REGISTRATION OF PENNLINE-40 WINTER OAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP LIVINGSTON, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1512 EP 1512 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800049 ER PT J AU JAN, CC AF JAN, CC TI REGISTRATION OF A SUNFLOWER AMPHIPLOID GERMPLASM LINE, ANN-BOL-AMP1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP JAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1513 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800051 ER PT J AU LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ SCHAFER, JF JOHNSON, JW FOWLER, HA CUNFER, BM AF LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ SCHAFER, JF JOHNSON, JW FOWLER, HA CUNFER, BM TI REGISTRATION OF 6 LEAF RUST RESISTANT SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; UNITED-STATES; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30212. RP LONG, DL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1514 EP 1515 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800053 ER PT J AU HALLAUER, AR LAMKEY, KR RUSSELL, WA WHITE, PR AF HALLAUER, AR LAMKEY, KR RUSSELL, WA WHITE, PR TI REGISTRATION OF B95 PARENTAL INBRED LINE OF MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP HALLAUER, AR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1515 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800054 ER PT J AU JAN, CC AF JAN, CC TI REGISTRATION OF 4 NUCLEAR MALE-STERILE SUNFLOWER GENETIC STOCK LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP JAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1519 EP 1519 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800061 ER PT J AU JAN, CC AF JAN, CC TI REGISTRATION OF AN INDUCED TETRAPLOID SUNFLOWER GENETIC STOCK LINE, TETRA-P21 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP JAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1520 EP 1520 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ858 UT WOS:A1992KJ85800062 ER PT J AU ROJAS, RR CHARLET, LD LEOPOLD, RA AF ROJAS, RR CHARLET, LD LEOPOLD, RA TI A DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INOCULATIVE FREEZING IN AN INSECT SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CONTACT MOISTURE; OVERWINTERING; SOIL INSECT; SMICRONYNX-FULVUS; RED SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVIL; TEMPERATURE OF CRYSTALLIZATION ID TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS; COLD-HARDINESS; LARVAE AB Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the inoculative freezing events in the larva of Smicronyx fulvus, which overwinters exposed in the soil. The bulk of the water in contact with the insect's surface had a greatly reduced capacity to supercool compared to the same volume of water cooled by itself. Larval supercooling capacity was also greatly reduced by the presence of contact water, by as much as 10-degrees-C in some cases. Larvae exhibited a seasonal resistance to inoculative freezing that was greatest in January. Representative thermo rams are resented and described. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ROJAS, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA KC254 UT WOS:A1992KC25400004 ER PT J AU COVERT, SF BOLDUC, J CULLEN, D AF COVERT, SF BOLDUC, J CULLEN, D TI GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF A CELLULASE GENE FAMILY IN PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENE FAMILY; CELLULASE GENES; CELLOBIOHYDROLASES; CLAMPED HOMOGENEOUS ELECTRIC FIELD ID LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; 5 ENDO-1,4-BETA-GLUCANASES; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; ENDOGLUCANASE-I; SYSTEM; ENZYME AB Southern blot and nucleotide sequence analysis of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 genomic clones indicate that this wood-degrading fungus contains at least six genes with significant homology to the Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I gene (cbh1). Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate P. chrysosporium chromosomes, the six cellulase genes were found to hybridize to at least three different chromosomes, one of which is dimorphic. The organization of these genes was similar in another P. chrysosporium strain, ME 446. It is clear that, unlike T. reesei, the most well-studied cellulolytic fungus, P. chrysosporium contains a complex, cbh1-like gene family. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 61 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1007/BF00352442 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JV663 UT WOS:A1992JV66300008 PM 1423728 ER PT J AU CHEN, JQ FRANKLIN, JF SPIES, TA AF CHEN, JQ FRANKLIN, JF SPIES, TA TI VEGETATION RESPONSES TO EDGE ENVIRONMENTS IN OLD-GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL FEATURES; DOUGLAS-FIR; EDGE EFFECTS; EDGES; FRAGMENTATION; GROWTH; LANDSCAPE; MORTALITY; OLD-GROWTH; REGENERATION; STAND DENSITY; STRUCTURE AB Forest edges created by dispersed-patch clear-cutting have become a conspicuous landscape feature in western North America, but the effects of edge on forest structure and function are still poorly understood. In this paper we describe responses of stocking density. growth, mortality, and regeneration for three conifer species from the clear-cut edge into the interior of old-growth forest patches adjacent to 10-15 yr old clearcuts in southern Washington and central Oregon. The significance of edge effects for each variable was tested through a single-factor (distance) analysis of' variance (F test). Relationships between these variables and depth-of-edge influence (i.e., edge width) on old-growth forest were characterized by nonlinear regression models. Near the edge (forest-clearcut boundary line), the old-growth forest has (1) reduced stocking density, as measured by canopy cover, number of stems per hectare. and basal area; (2) increased growth rates of dominant Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), as calculated by an index of relative growth rate; (3) elevated rates of tree mortality, as measured by standing dead and down trees (snags and logs); and (4) greater numbers of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings (less-than-or-equal-to 100 cm tall) and saplings (101-200 cm) but fewer of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis). The depth-of-edge influence, when calculated as the point along the clearcut-forest gradient at which a given variable has returned to a condition representing 2/3 of the interior forest environment, ranged from 1 6 to 13 7 m for variables related to distance from the edge. The amount of a square forest patch affected by edge decreased as patch size increased and varied greatly with the depth-of-edge influence. With increasing concerns about organisms and processes that require interior forest habitat, determining the area of residual forest influenced by adjacent clearcut is critical to current and future resource management. Responses of additional biological variables must be explored and information on edge phenomena should be extended to the scale of landscapes. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CHEN, JQ (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 40 TC 325 Z9 348 U1 7 U2 73 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.2307/1941873 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JV605 UT WOS:A1992JV60500006 PM 27759269 ER PT J AU HAN, CD COE, EH MARTIENSSEN, RA AF HAN, CD COE, EH MARTIENSSEN, RA TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IOJAP (IJ), A PATTERN STRIPING GENE OF MAIZE SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE IOJAP; REVERTANTS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; PLASTIDS; VARIEGATION ID CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; ZEA-MAYS; ELEMENT; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; PLANTS; PLASTIDS; NUCLEAR; DS; INSERTION AB Iojap (ij) is a recessive striped mutant of maize affecting the development of plastids in a local and position-dependent manner on the leaves. The ij-affected plastids are transmitted to some of the progeny even when the function of the nuclear gene is restored. Developmental defects during embryogenesis and leaf proliferation are other phenotypic characteristics of ij. The extent of striping and the degree of developmental arrest in ij depend upon genetic background. To understand the diverse and unique phenotypic expression of ij, a transposon tagging experiment has been conducted using Robertson's Mutator (Mu). A new ij mutant was obtained from crosses of the reference allele of (ij-ref) to Mu lines. Subsequent genetic and molecular studies showed that the mutant carried a new ij allele (ij-mum1) from the Mu lines and contained a Mu1 element that cosegregated with the iojap phenotype. A 6.0 kb EcoRI genomic DNA fragment containing the Mu1 element was cloned. ij-ref is unstable, and revertants (Ij-Rev) have been obtained. Using the flanking DNA from the genomic clone as a probe, DNA polymorphisms were detected between ij-ref and these revertants. Further, transcripts were restored to the normal level in Ij-Rev seedlings. Comparison of genomic DNA clones from ij-ref, ij-mum1 and Ij indicated that the ij-ref allele contained t.5 kb of additional DNA related to a transposable element, Ds. Germinal and somatic revertant alleles were derived by excision of this 1.5 kb element from ij-ref. The structure of the Ij gene and the DNA sequence of its transcribed region were determined. The Ij gene encodes a 24.8 kDa protein that showed no significant sequence similarity with proteins listed in databases. C1 USDA,ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HAN, CD (reprint author), COLBY COLL,WATERVILLE,ME 04901, USA. NR 55 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 4037 EP 4046 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JT328 UT WOS:A1992JT32800026 PM 1382980 ER PT J AU DEHESH, K HUNG, H TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH AF DEHESH, K HUNG, H TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH TI GT-2 - A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR WITH TWIN AUTONOMOUS DNA-BINDING DOMAINS OF CLOSELY RELATED BUT DIFFERENT TARGET SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; PHYA; RICE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ID PHYTOCHROME GENE PROMOTER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; RICE; HOMEODOMAIN; LIGHT; REGION; PLANT AB A triplet of adjacent, highly similar GT motifs in the phyA promoter of rice functions to support maximal expression of this gene. We have obtained a recombinant clone that encodes a full-length nuclear protein, designated GT-2, which binds specifically to these target sequences. This novel protein contains acidic, basic and proline- + glutamine-rich regions, as well as two autonomous DNA-binding domains, one NH2-terminal and the other COOH-terminal, that discriminate with high resolution between the three GT motifs. A duplicated sequence of 75 amino acids, present once in each DNA-binding domain, appears likely to mediate DNA target element recognition. Each copy of this duplicated protein sequence is predicted to form three amphipathic alpha-helices separated from each other by two short loops. The absence of sequence similarity to other known proteins suggests that this predicted structural unit, which we term the trihelix motif, might be representative of a new class of DNA-binding proteins. C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP DEHESH, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 54 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 4131 EP 4144 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JT328 UT WOS:A1992JT32800035 PM 1396594 ER PT J AU LANE, BG CUMING, AC FREGEAU, J CARPITA, NC HURKMAN, WJ BERNIER, F DRATEWKAKOS, E KENNEDY, TD AF LANE, BG CUMING, AC FREGEAU, J CARPITA, NC HURKMAN, WJ BERNIER, F DRATEWKAKOS, E KENNEDY, TD TI GERMIN ISOFORMS ARE DISCRETE TEMPORAL MARKERS OF WHEAT DEVELOPMENT - PSEUDOGERMIN IS A UNIQUELY THERMOSTABLE WATER-SOLUBLE OLIGOMERIC PROTEIN IN UNGERMINATED EMBRYOS AND LIKE GERMIN IN GERMINATED EMBRYOS, IT IS INCORPORATED INTO CELL-WALLS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BULK MESSENGER-RNA; PHYSARUM-POLYCEPHALUM; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ABSCISIC-ACID; BARLEY ROOTS; SALT STRESS; COMPARTMENTATION; POLYSACCHARIDES; POLYPEPTIDES; DESICCATION AB Nascent synthesis and accumulation of germin and its mRNA mark the onset of renewed growth when wheat embryos are germinated in water. Germin is a water-soluble, pepsin-resistant protein that is not found in immature embryos, or in mature embryos before their germination. An antiserum was raised by injecting rabbits with germin that was freed of other proteins by pepsinization and gel filtration. The antiserum has been used to detect, in extracts of mature embryos from dry, ungerminated wheat grains, a protein that is antigenically related to germin. The antigenically related protein has been named pseudogermin. Pseudogermin accumulates, maximally, between 20 - 25-days postanthesis, then declines appreciably in amount by 30-days postanthesis, in soluble extracts of immature embryos from several wheat varieties. The antiserum was also used to identify germin and pseudogermin among the proteins extracted from cell walls and to bind immunogold to cell walls preparatory to visualizing freeze-cleaved embryos by scanning electron microscopy. Wall-associated germin accounts for about 40% of the total germin in germinating wheat embryos. Appearance of germin in the apoplast is the most conspicuous germination-related change in the distribution of cell-wall proteins. It seems that germin may act at the level of the apoplast and that pseudogermin may subsume the role of germin at low water potentials during embryogenesis. The N-terminal eicosapeptide sequences in germin and pseudogermin are very similar but SDS/PAGE analysis detects discrete differences between the mobilities of their constituent monomers as well as gross differences between the stabilities of the parent oligomers. Like germin, pseudogermin is a water-soluble, pepsin-resistant protein, but pseudogermin has unprecedented disulphide-independent thermostability properties that have never been previously reported for a water-soluble oligomeric protein. Polysaccharides that co-purify with otherwise pure specimens of germin (and pseudogermin) have been isolated for analysis and shown to be highly substituted glucuronogalactoarabinoxylans. The possible biological significance of selective and tenacious association between germin and glucuronogalactoarabinoxylans is discussed in relation to cell expansion during embryogenic and germinative development of wheat, as are some peculiarities of amino-acid sequence that suggest a possible relation between germin and a proton-specific ion pump: gastric ATPase. C1 UNIV LEEDS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. AGR CANADA,CTR PLANT RES,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,ALBANY,CA. INST BOT,STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RP LANE, BG (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,DEPT BIOCHEM,TORONTO M5S 1A8,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 54 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 209 IS 3 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17369.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JX223 UT WOS:A1992JX22300020 PM 1425703 ER PT J AU WILLHITE, CC HAWKES, WC OMAYE, ST CHOY, WN COX, DN CUKIERSKI, MJ AF WILLHITE, CC HAWKES, WC OMAYE, ST CHOY, WN COX, DN CUKIERSKI, MJ TI ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND ELIMINATION OF SELENIUM AS L-SELENOMETHIONINE IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; TISSUE; CANCER; BLOOD AB 20 adult female macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were given oral doses Of L-selenomethionine (L-SeMet) equivalent to 0, 25, 150, 300 and 600 mug selenium (Se)/kg body weight, and plasma, erythrocyte, hair, faecal and urine Se concentrations were determined. The macaques were scheduled for 30 daily oral doses of L-SeMet, but systemic toxicity necessitated dose reduction in several animals; two macaques given 600 mug Se/kg body weight/day for 10-15 days died, and the concentration of Se in their tissues was determined and compared with Se concentrations in tissues collected from one untreated animal. Circulating and urinary Se concentrations in control macaques were within the normal human ranges. Plasma, erythrocyte, hair and urinary Se concentrations were generally dependent on the dose of L-SeMet administered. Plasma Se reflected more immediately exposure to L-SeMet, whereas erythrocyte Se concentrations increased and decreased more slowly. In some cases, erythrocyte Se was still increasing or showed a plateau after L-SeMet treatment was discontinued. Plasma Se concentrations of 6.7-7.3 ppm were observed in the two animals that died due to acute toxicity to L-SeMet. Neither plasma nor erythrocyte GPx activity was influenced by a single L-SeMet dose, but an increase in erythrocyte GPx activity occurred with continuous exposure. Total tissue Se increased 13-28-fold in macaques given 600 mug Se/kg body weight/day for 10-15 days, with the liver and kidneys containing the highest Se concentrations. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. SCHERING PLOUGH CORP,LAFAYETTE,NJ 07848. ENVIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT NUTR,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP WILLHITE, CC (reprint author), CALIF EPA,DEPT TOXIC SUBST CONTROL,700 HEINZ ST,SUITE 200,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 11 BP 903 EP 913 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(92)90174-J PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KE968 UT WOS:A1992KE96800001 PM 1473783 ER PT J AU GOTTFRIED, GJ AF GOTTFRIED, GJ TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN AN OLD-GROWTH ARIZONA MIXED CONIFER STAND FOLLOWING INITIAL HARVESTING SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB An alternatives analysis predicted that a treatment for southwestern mixed conifer forests that included patch clear-cut openings, group selection, and single-tree selection would benefit the greatest mix of resources from a previously unharvested watershed in eastern Arizona. The harvest reduced overall stand density from 45.8 to 30.2 M2 ha-1 and created 63 patch clear-cut and group selection openings. The objective was to evaluate if the prescribed silvicultural treatment would benefit the timber resources following an initial entry into an old-growth mixed conifer stand. The treatment maintained the preharvest uneven-aged structure and increased timber productivity. Diameter and basal area growth increased for most species. Periodic gross growth was essentially unchanged, at about 4.90 m2 ha-1, but the same volume was being added to fewer trees. The stand, including most openings, was generally well stocked with new natural and advance regeneration. The Thomas Creek treatment should be considered for similar old-growth stands where harvesting is prescribed or for dense, partially harvested stands. Growth data can be used in simulation models. RP GOTTFRIED, GJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,700 S KNOLES DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90002-Q PG 26 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KD268 UT WOS:A1992KD26800001 ER PT J AU REED, DD JONES, EA HOLMES, MJ FULLER, LG AF REED, DD JONES, EA HOLMES, MJ FULLER, LG TI MODELING DIAMETER GROWTH IN LOCAL-POPULATIONS - A CASE-STUDY INVOLVING 4 NORTH-AMERICAN DECIDUOUS SPECIES SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION INDEXES; INDIVIDUAL TREES; FOREST; STANDS AB Many existing models representing the growth of forest overstory species as a function of environmental conditions make a number of assumptions which are inappropriate when applied to local populations. For example, maximum tree diameter and height are often assumed to be constant limiting factors for a given species even though growth functions can often be localized by utilizing information in the forest growth and yield literature to make site-specific estimates of these values. Most existing models also use an annual timestep which may be inappropriate when attempting to model the growth response of individual trees to environmental conditions. In this study, a model utilizing a weekly timestep is described and applied to four widespread North American deciduous tree species. Because response to environmental conditions can vary regionally as a result of genetic heterogeneity, the resulting model should not be considered as universally appropriate for these species. This study illustrates methods which can be utilized to develop models for application to local populations. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP REED, DD (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90007-V PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KD268 UT WOS:A1992KD26800006 ER PT J AU COVINGTON, WW SACKETT, SS AF COVINGTON, WW SACKETT, SS TI SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN CHANGES FOLLOWING PRESCRIBED BURNING IN PONDEROSA PINE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHAPARRAL SOILS; FIRE; COMMUNITY AB In a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) forest near Flagstaff, AZ, USA, there was a striking pattern in forest characteristics, consisting of substands of old-growth trees (28-120 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) and 200-500 years old) and of saplings ( 1.5-10 cm dbh and 60-70 years old) in a matrix of pole-sized trees ( 10-28 cm dbh and 60-100 years old). Tree size and forest floor mass decreased from old-growth to pole to sapling substands, but soluble N (as KCl extractable inorganic N) in the mineral soil did not vary substantially among substands before prescribed burning. Prescribed burning had little immediate impact on the overstory but substantially decreased the forest floor mass, with the greatest absolute and relative decreases being in the old-growth substands. Immediately after burning, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) increased from 2.3 to 45.1 mg kg-1 in the old-growth substands, from 1.3 to 26.7 mg kg-1 in the pole substands, and from 1.3 to 8.3 mg kg-1 in the sapling substands. These differences in NH4-N among the substand types are directly correlated with differences in the initial forest floor weight and the amount of forest floor burned. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) was not changed immediately after burning. By 1 year after burning, NH4-N had declined substantially with only the old-growth substands being significantly higher than controls (30.0 versus 2.56 mg kg-1). Much of this decline showed up as an increase in NO3-N, particularly for the old-growth substands where NO3-N was 18.6 mg kg on burned plots compared with 0.03 mg kg-1 on controls. These results support the conclusion that while increases in NH4-N are an immediate effect of burning (most likely from NH4-N produced by pyrolysis of forest floor material), nitrate increases, which occur later, are most likely caused by nitrification of the high NH4-N produced immediately after burning. A preliminary budgetary analysis for the mineral soil showed an immediate increase in inorganic N of 34.3 kg ha-1 in old-growth substands, 14.7 kg ha-1 in pole substands, and 4.0 kg ha-1 in sapling substands. Because these increases appear to have been transferred directly to the mineral soil from the forest floor, previous studies which have not accounted for this phenomenon may have somewhat overestimated N volatization losses from burning. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOR RANGE EXP STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP COVINGTON, WW (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,POB 4098,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011, USA. NR 48 TC 131 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 175 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90011-W PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KD268 UT WOS:A1992KD26800010 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE BROWN, S AF LUGO, AE BROWN, S TI TROPICAL FORESTS AS SINKS OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TREE PLANTATIONS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; ORGANIC-CARBON; PUERTO-RICO; LAND-USE; BIOMASS; STORAGE; CYCLE; SOILS; BUDGET AB Changes in land use and rates of carbon accumulation by land use including mature, logged, and fallow tropical forests, and degraded tropical lands are used to estimate the role that the tropical landscape serves as sinks of atmospheric carbon. Results indicate that in 1980 tropical lands may remove between 1.5 and 3.2 Pg C from the atmosphere. We excluded from the analysis some 900 million ha of open tropical forests that could also be removing carbon from the atmosphere and an additional 0.5-0.6 Pg C year-1 sink associated with carbon export by rivers and in wood products. Our analysis challenges assumptions about the steady-state condition of the carbon budget of mature tropical forests and suggests that large areas of the tropical landscape are recovering from disturbance and act as atmospheric carbon sinks. We focus attention on sinks of atmospheric carbon only. In 1980, the estimated accumulation of carbon in the recovering landscape was equal to the net carbon flux due to tropical deforestation. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FOREST,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 55 TC 99 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90016-3 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KD268 UT WOS:A1992KD26800015 ER PT J AU MCALISTER, RH POWERS, HR AF MCALISTER, RH POWERS, HR TI PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF HALF-SIB FAMILIES OF RUST-RESISTANT LOBLOLLY AND SLASH PINE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Seed orchards were established in 1975 to provide southern pine seeds and seedlings with proven resistance to fusiform rust. Juvenile and mature wood of half-sibs from seven families of loblolly and five families of slash pine were tested to determine if there were family differences in modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture (MOR), or longitudinal shrinkage. There were significant differences in diameter at breast height, specific gravity, and percent latewood between loblolly and slash pine. There were statistically significant differences between families of loblolly pine for MOR and tangential shrinkage. Within slash pine, there were no statistically significant differences in mechanical properties related to family. RP MCALISTER, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 11-12 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KB692 UT WOS:A1992KB69200003 ER PT J AU WADE, MW BULLARD, SH STEELE, PH ARAMAN, PA AF WADE, MW BULLARD, SH STEELE, PH ARAMAN, PA TI ESTIMATING HARDWOOD SAWMILL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY BASED ON SAWING MACHINE AND LOG CHARACTERISTICS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Increased problems of hardwood timber availability have caused many sawmillers, industry analysts, and planners to recognize the importance of sawmill conversion efficiency. Conversion efficiency not only affects sawmill profits, but is also important on a much broader level. Timber supply issues have caused resource planners and policy makers to consider the effects of conversion efficiency on the utilization and depletion of the timber resource. Improvements in sawmill conversion efficiency would favorably impact sawmill profits, and would be equivalent in effect to extending existing supplies of standing timber. An equation was developed to estimate lumber recovery factor for hardwood sawmills based on the characteristics of sawing machines and log resources. Variables included in the model were headrig type, headrig kerf, average log diameter and length, and the influence of total sawing variation. The estimated coefficients significantly influenced lumber recovery factor. The model should be helpful in assessing conversion efficiency trends and potential benefits from gains in sawmill efficiency. C1 US FOREST SERV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTIL LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WADE, MW (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,DEPT FORESTRY,PO DRAWER FR,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 11-12 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KB692 UT WOS:A1992KB69200004 ER PT J AU PUETTMANN, MM WILLIAMS, LH AF PUETTMANN, MM WILLIAMS, LH TI TREATMENT OF LOG-HOME LOGS WITH THICKENED BORON SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The treatability of log-home logs with a 14 percent boric acid equivalent (BAE) solution of the thickened boron DIFFUSOL(R) was evaluated by treating unseasoned southern pine (Pinus spp.) logs with one 5-minute dip, two 5-minute clips 24 hours apart, and one 60-minute dip. Boron content and cross-sectional penetration were determined from weekly samples during covered diffusion storage. After 4 weeks, color test results showed that all treatments averaged about 50 percent cross-sectional penetration. Boron contents in the first 2 inches (50.8 mm) averaged 0.30 percent BAE, a level known to be toxic to several wood-destroying insects. RP PUETTMANN, MM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 11-12 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KB692 UT WOS:A1992KB69200006 ER PT J AU DEGROOT, RC WOODWARD, BM LEVAN, S AF DEGROOT, RC WOODWARD, BM LEVAN, S TI ALTERNATIVE SPECIES AND PRESERVATIVES FOR WOOD ROOFING - LABORATORY DECAY STUDIES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Western hemlock, Pacific silver fir, and western white pine are being considered for the production of shakes and shingles. These species lack natural durability, thus preservative treatment is required. Using decay test procedures as described in ASTM D 2017, it was demonstrated that these species could be treated with several preservatives to achieve a level of decay resistance that is equivalent to that exhibited by species with natural decay resistance categorized as either resistant or highly resistant. RP DEGROOT, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 11-12 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KB692 UT WOS:A1992KB69200010 ER PT J AU ADAMS, DM BOYD, R ANGLE, J AF ADAMS, DM BOYD, R ANGLE, J TI EVALUATING THE STABILITY OF SOFTWOOD LUMBER DEMAND ELASTICITY BY END-USE SECTOR - A STOCHASTIC PARAMETER APPROACH SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ECONOMETRIC MODEL; WOOD PRODUCTS AB Estimates of the elasticity of demand for softwood lumber are obtained from a production theoretic model disaggregated by major end-using sector. Model parameters are treated as stochastic and estimated using the Kalman filter algorithm. The analysis supports Spelter's (1985) earlier findings of a highly inelastic aggregate U.S. demand for softwood lumber and that this elasticity has declined over the period since 1950. The extent of the decline was found to be only some 25%, however, and to have occurred in a relatively uniform fashion. Lumber demand elasticities in specific end-use sectors varied widely. Significant declining elasticity trends were found only in residential upkeep and alteration and materials handling. These trends arise from both a declining share of lumber in the costs of wood-based inputs and declining elasticities of demand for the wood-based inputs themselves. At the aggregate level, the significant declining trend in elasticity derives both from changing consumption shares across end uses and from the combined movements of the component elasticity series. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. USDA,SERV ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20251. RP ADAMS, DM (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 825 EP 841 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JW809 UT WOS:A1992JW80900007 ER PT J AU MEES, R STRAUSS, D AF MEES, R STRAUSS, D TI ALLOCATING RESOURCES TO LARGE WILDLAND FIRES - A MODEL WITH STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION-RATES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION PLANNING; RESOURCE ALLOCATION AB Wildland fires that grow out of the initial attack phase are responsible for most of the damage and burned area. We model the allocation of fire suppression resources (ground crews, engines, bulldozers, and airdrops) to these large fires. The fireline at a given future time is partitioned into homogeneous segments on the basis of fuel type, available resources, risk, and other factors. Each is assigned a utility value corresponding to the importance of holding the segment. For a given resource allocation, the probability of holding the segment is modeled in terms of the (random) width of fireline built. The task is then to find the allocation that maximizes the expected total utility. With certain restrictions, it proves possible to formulate the optimization as a linear programming problem. Use of the model is demonstrated with a case study of a large fire representative of conditions on the Los Padres National Forest in southern California. One feature is that different assumptions about the uncertainty in the predictions of constructed fireline widths can lead to differences in the optimal resource allocations. Thus, if one inappropriately took the uncertainty to be zero (the deterministic case), the resulting allocation may well not be the optimal one. This illustrates the potential advantage of probabilistic modeling over the previous deterministic approach. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT STAT,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP MEES, R (reprint author), USDA,FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW RES ST,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 842 EP 853 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JW809 UT WOS:A1992JW80900008 ER PT J AU WANG, YS MILLER, DR WELLES, JM HEISLER, GM AF WANG, YS MILLER, DR WELLES, JM HEISLER, GM TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF CANOPY FOLIAGE IN AN OAK FOREST ESTIMATED WITH FISHEYE SENSORS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEAD AREA INDEX; LEAF AREA DENSITY; PLANT CANOPY ANALYZER ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; DIRECT SUNLIGHT; DISTRIBUTIONS; ARCHITECTURE; FREQUENCY AB The vertical distribution of forest canopy elements is an important factor in canopy-atmosphere exchange processes and knowledge of the shape of the average vertical profile of leaf area density is a critical input to models of these processes. This study was conducted to determine the spatial variability of Leaf Area Index (LAI) in an oak forest when estimated with indirect fisheye techniques. A 35 mm camera with a 180-degrees hemispherical lens and a LI-COR LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer (wavelengths < 490 nm) were used simultaneously to estimate vertical leaf area profiles and the horizontal variability in an oak forest in central Pennsylvania. Measurements were made at eight different heights in the canopy and repeated at nine different locations. The two sensors were in reasonable agreement. The photographic technique estimated the total leaf area index (LAI) to be 3.58, and the light sensor estimates resulted in an estimate of 3.40. The average precision was 8% for the LAI-2000 and 17% for the photographic technique. The point-to-point spatial variability of the LAI estimates was low when the whole canopy was measured from the ground and quite high when measuring the upper canopy. Ground level estimates of LAI using these fisheye techniques spatially average the canopy to the point where only four replications were necessary to sample the total LAI with 90% confidence. C1 LICOR INC,LINCOLN,NE 68504. US FOREST SERV,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP WANG, YS (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 854 EP 865 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JW809 UT WOS:A1992JW80900009 ER PT J AU LOWE, B MATHERN, J HAKE, S AF LOWE, B MATHERN, J HAKE, S TI ACTIVE MUTATOR ELEMENTS SUPPRESS THE KNOTTED PHENOTYPE AND INCREASE RECOMBINATION AT THE KN1-O TANDEM DUPLICATION SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DOMINANT MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; MU1 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; UNEQUAL CROSSING-OVER; GENE CONVERSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DNA MODIFICATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; ZEA-MAYS; MAIZE AB The KNOTTED-1 (KN1) locus is defined by a number of dominant mutations that affect leaf development. The Kn1-O mutation is characterized by outpocketings of tissue along lateral veins of the maize leaf and by displacement of ligule tissue from the junction of the blade and sheath into the blade. Kn1-O results from a tandem duplication of 17 kb; each repeat includes the entire 8-kb KN1 transcription unit. Mutator (Mu) transposable elements inserted at the junction of the two repeats diminish the mutant phenotype. The Mu insertions affect the Kn1-O mutation in several distinctive ways. (1) Two of the three Mu elements, a Mu1 and a Mu8 element, diminish the mutant phenotype only when active as indicated by hypomethylation; when methylated or inactive, the phenotype is comparable to the Kn1-O progenitor. (2) Additional rearrangements have arisen in these derivatives that further reduce the mutant phenotype. (3) A 100-2000-fold increase in the loss of one repeat occurs in the presence of Mu elements as compared to Kn1-O without elements. The high frequency of loss only occurs when the Mu elements are hypomethylated. The frequency is also influenced by the specific allele carried at the same locus on the homologous chromosome. Reciprocal exchange of flanking markers does not accompany the loss events. Various recombination models that address the events occurring at Kn1-O are presented. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 58 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 1992 VL 132 IS 3 BP 813 EP 822 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JV144 UT WOS:A1992JV14400016 PM 1334895 ER PT J AU STUBER, CW LINCOLN, SE WOLFF, DW HELENTJARIS, T LANDER, ES AF STUBER, CW LINCOLN, SE WOLFF, DW HELENTJARIS, T LANDER, ES TI IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC-FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO HETEROSIS IN A HYBRID FROM 2 ELITE MAIZE INBRED LINES USING MOLECULAR MARKERS SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; LINKAGE MAPS; TOMATO; CROSSES; TOOLS; YIELD AB The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agriculturally important traits has become a key approach in plant genetics-both for understanding the genetic basis of these traits and to help design novel plant improvement programs. In the study reported here, we mapped QTLs (and evaluated their phenotypic effects) associated with seven major traits (including grain yield) in a cross between two widely used elite maize inbred lines, B73 and Mo17, in order to explore two important phenomena in maize genetics-heterosis (hybrid vigor) and genotype-by-environment (G x E) interaction. We also compared two analytical approaches for identifying QTLs, the traditional single-marker method and the more recently described interval-mapping method. Phenotypic evaluations were made on 3168 plots (nearly 100,000 plants) grown in three states. Using 76 markers that represented 90-95% of the maize genome, both analytical methods showed virtually the same results in detecting QTLs affecting grain yield throughout the genome, except on chromosome 6. Fewer QTLs were detected for other quantitative traits measured. Whenever a QTL for grain yield was detected, the heterozygote had a higher phenotype than the respective homozygote (with only one exception) suggesting not only overdominance (or pseudo-overdominance) but also that these detected QTLs play a significant role in heterosis. This conclusion was reinforced by a high correlation between grain yield and proportion of heterozygous markers. Although plant materials were grown and measured in six diverse environments (North Carolina, Iowa and Illinois) there was little evidence for G x E interaction for most QTLs. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. WHITEHEAD INST BIOMED RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP STUBER, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00198]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM11546] NR 30 TC 561 Z9 694 U1 3 U2 37 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 1992 VL 132 IS 3 BP 823 EP 839 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JV144 UT WOS:A1992JV14400017 PM 1468633 ER PT J AU YELENOSKY, G VU, JCV AF YELENOSKY, G VU, JCV TI ABILITY OF VALENCIA SWEET ORANGE TO COLD-ACCLIMATE ON COLD-SENSITIVE CITRON ROOTSTOCK SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS; PONCIRUS; ACCLIMATION; FREEZE SURVIVAL; CARBOHYDRATES; PROLINE; SUPERCOOLING ID ACCUMULATION; LEAVES; TREES AB Greenhouse-grown 1-year-old sweet orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia] on cold-hardy trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and cold-sensitive citron (C. medica L.) rootstocks were exposed to cold-acclimation conditions and freeze-tested at -6.7C for 4 hours in a temperature-programed walk-in freezer room. Nonhardened trees generally did not survive the freeze, whereas cold-hardened trees survived with no wood kill on either rootstock. Essentially, all leaves died or abscised during the subsequent 5 weeks in the greenhouse. Freeze survival did not separate rootstocks nor did supercooling in separate trials where 'Valencia' wood reached -8.8C before apparent nucleation. Increases in concentration of carbohydrates and proline and decreases in water content in 'Valencia' leaves during cold hardening were generally associated with increased freeze tolerance. Other tests, that matched 9-month-old seedlings of citron with trifoliate orange rootstock, showed clear differences in the superior cold acclimation of trifoliate orange over citron, which, however, performed better than expected. RP YELENOSKY, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1201 EP 1203 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KE220 UT WOS:A1992KE22000012 ER PT J AU KISHABA, AN CASTLE, S MCCREIGHT, JD DESJARDINS, PR AF KISHABA, AN CASTLE, S MCCREIGHT, JD DESJARDINS, PR TI RESISTANCE OF WHITE-FLOWERED GOURD TO SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALABASH GOURD; BOTTLE GOURD; SQUASH LEAF CURL VIRUS; PUBESCENCE; CUCURBITACEAE; LAGENARIA-SICERARIA; CUCURBITA-LUNDELLIANA; CUCURBITA-ECUADORENSIS; CUCUMIS-MELO; BEMISIA-TABACI ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; SQUASH LEAF CURL; ALEYRODIDAE; VIRUS AB Confined-leaf tests in a greenhouse showed Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley plant introduction (PI) 442369 was as susceptible to sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, oviposition as Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita ecuadorensis Cutler and Whitaker, and Cucurbita lundelliana Bailey, whereas L. siceraria accessions PI 419090, PI 419215, PI 432341, and PI 432342 were resistant. Resistance rankings of L. siceraria accessions based on adult counts in greenhouse and field tests were similar. Adult entrapment among trichomes was highest on adaxial leaf surfaces of L. siceraria PI 419090. Abaxial leaf trichome density was 48.7/mm2 on sweetpotato whitefly-resistant L. siceraria PI 432342, 42.1/mm2 on Cucurbita lundelliana PI 540895, and ranged from 51.0 to 85.5/mm2 on Cucurbita ecuadorensis PI 540896. Leaf trichome densities of selected plants of four L. siceraria accessions ranged from 33.0 to 52/mm2 on the abaxial and from 6.3 to 20.8/mm2 on the adaxial surface. Scanning electron micrographs of the abaxial leaf surface, the preferred surface for oviposition, suggest that trichome configuration (density and arrangement of different lengths) could be a factor in reduction of whitefly oviposition on L. siceraria. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,BOYDEN ENTOMOL LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1217 EP 1221 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KE220 UT WOS:A1992KE22000018 ER PT J AU ROH, MS MEEROW, AW AF ROH, MS MEEROW, AW TI FLOWERING OF EUCROSIA INFLUENCED BY BULB SIZE AND WATERING FREQUENCY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SOUTH AMERICAN BULB; AMARYLLIDACEAE; DORMANCY; EUCROSIA-BICOLOR C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR RES & EDUC,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. RP ROH, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1227 EP 1227 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KE220 UT WOS:A1992KE22000023 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ COAST, GM HOLMAN, GM HADDON, WF AF NACHMAN, RJ COAST, GM HOLMAN, GM HADDON, WF TI A BIFUNCTIONAL HETERODIMERIC INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE ANALOG SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DIURESIS; HETERODIMER; INSECT; NEUROPEPTIDE; OVIDUCT ID MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PEPTIDE; PBAN AB The synthesis and biological activity of a bifunctional, heterodimeric insect neuropeptide analog are described. The heterodimer is composed of the C-terminal pentapeptide active core regions of the leucokinin/achetakinin and pyrokinin neuropeptide families linked via their N-terminal amino groups with a succinyl diacid moiety. Members of the leucokinin/achetakinin family can induce fluid secretion in malpighian tubules of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus, whereas the pyrokinins demonstrate activity in a cricket oviduct myotropic bio-assay. No cross-activity is observed for the two neuropeptide families in these bioassays. However, the heterodimer elicits responses in both Acheta bioassays. Such a bifunctional analog may in future serve as a template for the design of stable, bifunctional pest insect control agents of greater efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA USA. UNIV LONDON BIRKBECK COLL, DEPT BIOL, LONDON WC1E 7HX, ENGLAND. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,FAPRL,F&B RD,ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLL STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0367-8377 J9 INT J PEPT PROT RES JI Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 423 EP 428 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KB514 UT WOS:A1992KB51400011 PM 1483837 ER PT J AU IRWIN, PL SEVILLA, MD CHAMULITRAT, W HOFFMAN, AE KLEIN, J AF IRWIN, PL SEVILLA, MD CHAMULITRAT, W HOFFMAN, AE KLEIN, J TI LOCALIZED, INTERNAL, AND SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYURONIDE MOTIONS IN CELL-WALL MATRICES - A COMPARISON OF SOLID-STATE NMR AND EPR RELAXATION BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HOMOPOLYGALACTURONAN NITROXYL AMIDES; FRUIT CORTICAL TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; PARAMAGNETIC ION; CARBOXYL GROUPS; APPLE; PERTURBATIONS; SIZE AB Previous work has revealed that spin-labeled cell wall homopolygalacturonans display internal motions predominantly about the polymer's main chain. In this work we show that the nitroxyl amide's relaxation behavior is modulated by these same motions. Polyuronide-bound Na-23+ spin-lattice relaxation times as well as C-13=O rotating frame T1s, which are tempered by the local carboxyl group environment, of non-spin-labeled, but otherwise identical, apple tissue manifested a 15-19% decrement as a function of differing levels of tissue ripeness. Similarly, a higher-order or supramolecularly averaged measure of cell wall polyuronide motion, C=O-associated T1H, declined 63% with tissue ripeness. In paramagnetically labeled treatments the nitroxyl amide's relaxation parameter diminished ca. 49%. The scope of these molecular level perturbations follows the order local < internal < supramolecular and argue that the changes in polygalacturonan flexibility associated with ripening result from processes other than the cleavage of the polyuronide backbone. C1 OAKLAND UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ROCHESTER,MI 48063. NIEHS,MOLEC BIOPHYS LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. VOLCANI CTR,DEPT FIELD CROPS,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP IRWIN, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2045 EP 2051 DI 10.1021/jf00023a003 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000003 ER PT J AU KAKALIS, LT KUMOSINSKI, TF BAIANU, IC AF KAKALIS, LT KUMOSINSKI, TF BAIANU, IC TI NONIDEAL EFFECTS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION PROTEIN-ACTIVITY ON THE SORPTION OF WATER-VAPOR BY PROTEINS - A THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOOD PROTEINS; HYDRATION; ISOTHERMS; LYSOZYME AB The evaluation of water vapor sorption isotherms for a diverse group of proteins, over a wide range of hydration levels using nonlinear regression analysis, strongly suggests that the relative vapor pressure is thermodynamically linked to protein aggregation/protein activity. The observed decrease in the relative vapor pressure of water as the protein concentration increases is taken into account by a model with water associated with, or trapped by, protein molecules as they form aggregates. A theoretically derived equation for this model is proposed that describes quantitatively water sorption isotherms in terms of apparent association constants and degrees of aggregation for the various protein aggregation species, as well as the values of the separate contributions to water activity of the various aggregates. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FOOD SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2063 EP 2071 DI 10.1021/jf00023a007 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000007 ER PT J AU DAO, L FRIEDMAN, M AF DAO, L FRIEDMAN, M TI CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT OF FRESH AND PROCESSED POTATOES DETERMINED BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MORNING-GLORY IPOMOEA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHENOLICS; GLYCOALKALOIDS; RESISTANCE; TUBERS; SEEDS AB Chlorogenic acid is reported to be involved in preharvest defenses of the potato plant against fungi and insects, in postharvest browning, and in after-cooking blackening, all of which affect quality and safety. As part of a program of potato improvement, HPLC and ultraviolet spectroscopy were evaluated to measure the chlorogenic content of commercial and experimental potatoes, of parts of the potato plant, and of processed potato products. HPLC analysis appears to be less satisfactory because chlorogenic acid undergoes a time- and light-dependent change in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of potatoes used. The decrease of the chlorogenic acid peak on chromatograms was accompanied by a corresponding increase of a new peak. Use of ultraviolet spectrophotometry to estimate chlorogenic acid by contrast appears to be reproducible. Recoveries of spiked samples measured by UV were higher than those measured by HPLC. Thus, our results suggest that the UV method may have advantages over HPLC. Seven varieties of potatoes contained from 10 to 19 mg of chlorogenic acid/100 g of fresh weight. The experimental potato plant NDA 1725 contained 754 mg/100 g of fresh weight for sprouts, 224 mg/100 g for leaves, 26 mg/100 g for roots, and 17 mg/l00 g for tubers. The relative concentrations paralleled those of the glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine. Oven-baked potatoes contained 0% of the original amount of chlorogenic acid, boiled potatoes 35%, and microwaved potatoes 55%. Commercially processed french-fried potatoes, mashed potato flakes, and potato skins contained no chlorogenic acid. The absence of chlorogenic acid was confirmed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. The significance of these findings for plant physiology, food quality, and food safety is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 800 BUCHANAN ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA. NR 41 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2152 EP 2156 DI 10.1021/jf00023a022 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000022 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE AF FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE TI REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS AND HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS ON ACIDIC COLUMNS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-CHACONINE; SOLANINE; ALKALOIDS AB As part of a program of potato improvement, improved procedures were developed for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of the alkaloids present in commercial potatoes: the two major glycoalkaloids, alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine; hydrolysis products or metabolites derived from these two compounds, the so-called beta- and gamma-chaconines and solanines; and their aglycon, solanidine. For comparison, we also included the glycoside solasonine, present in wild potatoes, and its aglycon solasodine. Column 'acidity", caused by active silanol sites on the packing's surface, was found to strongly influence chromatographic separation of Solanum alkaloids. Ten commercially available HPLC columns with reversed-phase packings in a total of 13 configurations were evaluated for relative acidity, with the aid of two standards: diphenhydramine and 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin. Resolution of the glycoalkaloids improved with increasing acidity. The peaks associated with the glycoalkaloids lacked the tailing and excessive retention usually observed with basic compounds on acidic columns. The aglycons, however, required a nonacidic column for optimum chromatography. These studies facilitated choosing conditions to optimize the separation and quantitative estimation of Solanum alkaloids, both in pure form and in potato extracts, and proved the usefulness of acidic columns in certain applications. The possible value of these findings to food safety and plant physiology is discussed. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2157 EP 2163 DI 10.1021/jf00023a023 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000023 ER PT J AU HELM, RF RALPH, J AF HELM, RF RALPH, J TI LIGNIN-HYDROXYCINNAMYL MODEL COMPOUNDS RELATED TO FORAGE CELL-WALL STRUCTURE .1. ETHER-LINKED STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-GUAIACYL ETHER; QUINONE METHIDES; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; WHEAT INTERNODES; NMR; REDUCTION; LINKAGE; THREO; POLYSACCHARIDES; STEREOCHEMISTRY AB A series of lignin-hydroxycinnamyl methyl ester model compounds have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The materials represent several of the possible ether linkages analogous to the predominant beta-O-4 structure of native lignins. The alpha-etherified model trimers were prepared by nucleophilic attack of the phenolate anion of methyl p-coumarate and methyl ferulate on the quinone methide of guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether. Combined threo/erythro yields ranged from 40 to 67%, with methyl p-coumarate addition affording a significantly higher yield. The beta-O-4-cinnamyl ether dimers were prepared according to established strategies for the beta-O-4 lignin model dimers, with a modified hydroxymethylation step providing an alternative to the classical method. Zinc borohydride reduction of the alpha-keto-beta-cinnamyl ethers proved to be quite useful for the enrichment of the erythro-beta-ethers. Complete spectroscopic characterization of the models as well as their peracetates by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy provided important chemical shift data for the evolving lignin NMR database as well as for comparison with native tissue isolates and synthetic DHP lignins. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HELM, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2167 EP 2175 DI 10.1021/jf00023a025 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000025 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J MORRIS, ER AF LEHRFELD, J MORRIS, ER TI OVERESTIMATION OF PHYTIC ACID IN FOODS BY THE AOAC ANION-EXCHANGE METHOD SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The currently used AOAC method may overestimate the phytic acid (inesitol hexaphosphate) content of processed foods. These foods generally contain the lower phosphates (inositol penta-, tetra-, and triphosphate) in addition to phytic acid. These lower phosphates are included in the calculation of phytic acid determined by the AOAC anion-exchange method. The HPLC method quantitates phytic acid and the other inositol phosphates as separate entities. Research has indicated that phytic acid, and to a lesser degree other inositol phosphates, may reduce mineral bioavailability of foods. Consequently, a method that measures the individual inositol phosphates will more accurately predict the potential negative effect on mineral bioavailability. Phytic acid content of a human diet, an oat breakfast cereal, a wheat bran sample, and a sample of sodium phytate was determined according to the AOAC method and an HPLC method. The values obtained were in good agreement when the sample contained only phytic acid. However, the values diverged when samples contained appreciable amounts of inositol penta-, tetra-, and triphosphate. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEHRFELD, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2208 EP 2210 DI 10.1021/jf00023a031 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000031 ER PT J AU HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ GUIMING, Z LUSBY, WR MULDOON, MT WATERS, R AF HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ GUIMING, Z LUSBY, WR MULDOON, MT WATERS, R TI AQUEOUS OZONATION OF ATRAZINE - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE DEGRADATION PATHWAY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; OZONE; WATER; DECOMPOSITION; SOIL AB The aqueous ozonation of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] at pH 6 afforded four primary products: 6-amino-2-chloro-4-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine, 6-amino-2-chloro-4(ethylamino)-s-triazine, 4-acetamido-2-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine, and 4-acetamido-2-chloro-6(isopropylamino)-s-triazine. These compounds were subsequently degraded to 2-chloro-4,6-diacetamido-s-triazine, 4-acetamido-6-amino-2-chloro-s-triazine, and 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine. The amino alkyl groups are the first site of attack and are either removed or converted to the acetamide but not to the aldehyde. The s-triazine ring remains intact, and the chlorine is not removed. Studies also demonstrated that the alkyl group is far more reactive than the amide moiety, which in turn is oxidized more rapidly than the amino group. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LABS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LABS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LABS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2294 EP 2298 DI 10.1021/jf00023a048 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ340 UT WOS:A1992JZ34000048 ER PT J AU OLNESS, A AF OLNESS, A TI EFFECT OF POSTPLANTING RESIDUE APPLICATIONS AND TILLAGE ON NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING IN MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article ID CORN; TEMPERATURE; CROP AB Effects of a tillage-surface crop residue combination on nitrogen (N) accumulation by maize were examined using a replicated field experiment. Crop residues, > 70 % surface cover, were applied a few days after planting conventional- and ridge-tillage treatments. With < 30 % surface cover, total accumulated-N decreased from about 4 to 2 g plant-1 as the plant population density (PPD) increased from 4 to 7 plants m-2. With > 70 % surface cover, total N accumulated averaged about 3 g plant-1 over the PPD range of 4 to 7 plants m-2. At a PPD of about 5.5 plants m-2, equal amounts of N were accumulated by plants in all treatments. Nitrogen accumulation was periodically monitored and fitted to a diphasic tanh(k[time]) model. About 1.8 to 2.6 g of N and about 0.70 to 1.4 g of N were accumulated before and after anthesis, respectively. Maximum N accumulation rates averaged about 92 and 60 mg plant-1 day-1 during vegetative and reproductive growth-stages, respectively. Total N accumulation during the vegetative growth-stage declined exponentially as PPD increased; this may reflect a crop demand-soil supply relationship. RP OLNESS, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD NOV PY 1992 VL 169 IS 5 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1992.tb01042.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JX970 UT WOS:A1992JX97000003 ER PT J AU DICKERSON, GE CHAPMAN, AB AF DICKERSON, GE CHAPMAN, AB TI WRIGHT,SEWALL, 1889-1988 - A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual ID ADVANCED GENERATIONS; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; BEEF-CATTLE; SELECTION; HETEROSIS; TRAITS C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GENET,MADISON,WI 53706. RP DICKERSON, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3281 EP 3285 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000002 PM 1459888 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL CROUSE, JD KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHEELER, TL CROUSE, JD KOOHMARAIE, M TI THE EFFECT OF POSTMORTEM TIME OF INJECTION AND FREEZING ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CALCIUM-CHLORIDE FOR IMPROVING BEEF TENDERNESS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; CALPAIN; FREEZING; TENDERNESS ID OVINE CARCASSES; FROZEN BEEF; TENDERIZATION; INFUSION; ACCELERATION; INHIBITION; PROTEASES; STORAGE; MUSCLE; LAMB AB Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of freezing and time postmortem on the effectiveness of injecting CaCl2 to tenderize beef In Exp. 1, longissimus muscle treatments included 1) control 0 h, 2) CaCl2-injected 0 h, 3) control 24 h, and 4) CaCl2-injected 24 h. Injection consisted of .3 M CaCl2 at 10% by weight. Injecting CaCl2 at 24 h postmortem reduced (P < .05) shear force requirements compared with the 24 h control but did not (P < .05) tenderize meat as much as injecting at 0 h. In Exp. 2, longissimus muscle treatments included the following: 1) aged 2 d; 2) aged 7 d; 3) frozen d 1, thawed, aged 6 d; 4) CaCl2-injected d 1, aged 6 d; 5) frozen d 1, thawed, CaCl2-injected, aged 6 d; and 6) CaCl2-injected d 1, frozen, thawed, aged 6 d. Injection alone at d 1 or freezing, then thawing and injecting resulted in the lowest (P < .05) shear force requirements. In Exp. 3, longissimus muscle treatments included the following: 1) aged 1 d; 2) aged 7 d; 3) CaCl2-injected 0 h, aged 7 d; 4) CaCl2-injected d 1, aged 6 d; 5) frozen d 1, thawed, aged 6 d; and 6) frozen, thawed, CaCl2-injected, aged 6 d. Both d-I injection alone and freezing, thawing, then injecting resulted in meat with shear force requirements similar to those of 0-h injected meat. The effect of treatments on cooking loss was inconsistent. Treatments that reduced shear force also reduced (P < .05) calpain and calpastatin activity proportionately. Calcium chloride injection at 24 h postmortem tenderizes meat as effectively as injection at 0 h. This process provides the bee f industry with the technology needed to produce consistently tender meat from virtually all meat sources. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3451 EP 3457 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000023 PM 1459906 ER PT J AU MIZINGA, KM THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA KISER, TE AF MIZINGA, KM THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA KISER, TE TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING DIETS CONTAINING ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED FESCUE SEED ON LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION IN POSTPARTUM BEEF-COWS AND IN CYCLIC HEIFERS AND COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACREMONIUM; BOVINE; LH; PROLACTIN; PROGESTERONE; WEIGHT GAIN ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; TALL FESCUE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; PROLACTIN; SHEEP; PERFORMANCE; ENDOCRINE; TOXICOSIS; FUNGUS AB Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum)-infected fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) seed on LH secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cycling heifers and cows. In Exp. 1, spring-calving primiparous Angus cows (n = 16) were pair-fed for 75 d diets that contained endophyte-free or endophyte-infected (95%) fescue seed that contained 1.3 mug/g of ergovaline and 5.2 mg/g of saturated pyrrolizidines. Serial blood samples for basal and GnRH-stimulated serum LH analysis were obtained on d 7, 28, 42, and 56 of the study. The endophyte had no effect on LH secretion (basal, pulse frequency, and amplitude) or milk production. Average daily gain was decreased (P < .05) in cows that consumed infected fescue seed compared with controls (-.20 vs -.01 kg, respectively). Basal serum prolactin concentrations were reduced (P < .01) in treated compared with control cows (8.9 vs 25.4 ng/mL, respectively) on d 70. In Exp. 2, cycling Angus heifers (n = 8; age = 2 yr) and cows (n = 8; age = 4 yr) stratified by age were pair-fed for 40 d diets that contained the noninfected or the highly infected fescue seed. Estrus was synchronized by prostaglandin F2alpha (d 18 and 28). Serial blood samples for serum LH analysis were obtained on d 28 (luteal phase) and d 30 (follicular phase). The endophyte did not affect LH (P > .28) or prolactin (P > .16) secretion, whereas ADG was decreased (P < .05) in treated compared with control animals (.32 vs .70 kg/d, respectively). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP MIZINGA, KM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3483 EP 3489 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000027 PM 1459910 ER PT J AU SHORT, RE JAMES, LF PANTER, KE STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA MALCOLM, J FORD, SP AF SHORT, RE JAMES, LF PANTER, KE STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA MALCOLM, J FORD, SP TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLES DURING PREGNANCY - COMPARATIVE-STUDIES WITH BISON, CATTLE, GOATS, AND SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMINANTS; ABORTION; PINUS-PONDEROSA; PINE NEEDLES; DOSAGE; GESTATION PERIOD ID PARTURITION; ABORTION; COWS AB Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding dried pine needles (Pinus ponderosa; PN) on the abortion rate of ruminants. In Exp. 1, cattle were fed 5.4 kg of PN daily for 21 d starting at 116, 167, 215, or 254 d of pregnancy. The PN did not cause abortions when started at 116 d; thereafter, the percentage of cows that aborted increased linearly, and the interval to abortion decreased linearly (both P < .01); all cows fed PN beginning at 254 d aborted. In Exp. 2, cattle were fed .7, 1.4, or 2.7 kg of PN for 21 d or 2.7 kg for 1 or 3 d. Sheep and goats were fed .8 and .5 kg of PN, respectively, starting at 121 d of pregnancy. The PN induced some abortions in cattle when fed for 1 (11%) or 3 (30%) d, but the abortion rate was greater (P < .01) when the PN were fed for longer periods of time (80, go, and 100% aborted in 19, 17, and 10 d for .7-, 1.4-, and 2.7-kg doses, respectively). No goats or sheep aborted in response to PN feeding. Pregnancy rates during the next breeding season for cows that aborted in response to the PN were slightly higher than rates for control cows (94 vs 87%). In Exp. 3, buffalo (Bison bison) and cattle were fed 2.25 kg of PN from the same collection. Abortions were induced in all buffalo and cattle that were fed PN. In Exp. 4, low amounts (.11 and .34 kg) of PN were fed to cattle for 40 d before the start of feeding of 1.35 kg of PN at 255 d of pregnancy. Low amounts of PN did not induce abortions, but .34 kg delayed abortions after the 1.35-kg level was fed (P < .01). In all experiments aborted fetuses were alive, all cows (both buffalo and cattle) that aborted had a retained placenta, and calf survival was dependent on maturity at the time of parturition. Our conclusions are as follows: 1) consumption of PN caused abortions in a majority of cows in late pregnancy; 2) the response increased with advancing stage of pregnancy, increased dose of PN, and greater length of exposure, but supplemental vitamin A was not prophylactic; 3) buffalo responded similarly to cattle, but neither goats nor sheep were affected by PN; 4) fertility was not affected by PN; 5) PN were not directly toxic to calves, and survival of calves was dependent on maturity at the time of parturition; and 6) compensatory mechanisms were triggered when subthreshold doses of PN were fed. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL BISON RANGE,MOISE,MT 59824. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHORT, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3498 EP 3504 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000029 PM 1459912 ER PT J AU KRAELING, RR BARB, CR RAMPACEK, GB AF KRAELING, RR BARB, CR RAMPACEK, GB TI PROLACTIN AND LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION IN THE PREGNANT PIG SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; PROLACTIN; LH; PREGNANCY ID PORCINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; PLASMA PROLACTIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; SOWS; PARTURITION; ESTRADIOL; GILTS; INVITRO; LH AB Four pregnant, primiparous, crossbred gilts and six gilts from the same population that had been ovariectomized (OVX) for approximately 3 wk were placed in individual pens in an enclosed building. Blood samples were collected every 30 min for 12 h from all gilts via an indwelling jugular vein cannula when the pregnant gilts were at d 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 of gestation. Serum was quantified for LH and prolactin (PRL) by RIA. The OVX gilts served as controls to ensure that any variations in serum LH and PRL concentrations observed in the pregnant animals were not due to environmental factors unrelated to pregnancy. Within the pregnant gilts, mean serum LH concentrations, mean basal serum LH concentration, and mean serum LH peak height were similar on all days; however, number of LH peaks on d 30, 50, and 70 were greater (P < .05) than on d go and 110, and number of LH peaks on d 50 was greater (P < .05) than that on d 70. Within the pregnant gilts, mean serum PRL concentration, mean basal serum PRL concentration, and mean PRL peak height were greater (P < .001) on d 110 than on all other days; however, number of PRL peaks were similar among days. Parameters of LH and PRL secretion in the OVX and pregnant gilts varied independently. Results of this study indicated that 1) LH secretion does not vary appreciably throughout pregnancy and 2) PRL secretion does not vary significantly during the first go d of pregnancy, after which it increases markedly on or before 110 d. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KRAELING, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3521 EP 3527 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000032 PM 1459915 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JB OCONNOR, JD FOX, DG VANSOEST, PJ SNIFFEN, CJ AF RUSSELL, JB OCONNOR, JD FOX, DG VANSOEST, PJ SNIFFEN, CJ TI A NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS .1. RUMINAL FERMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMINANTS; RUMEN; FERMENTATION; MICROBIAL PROTEINS; AMMONIA; COMPUTER SIMULATION ID MIXED RUMEN BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; MICROORGANISMS INVITRO; FEEDING FREQUENCY; ANAEROBIC FUNGI; SMALL-INTESTINE; MILK-PRODUCTION; MONENSIN; NITROGEN; ENERGY AB The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a kinetic submodel that predicts ruminal fermentation. The ruminal microbial population is divided into bacteria that ferment structural carbohydrate (SC) and those that ferment nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). Protozoa are accommodated by a decrease in the theoretical maximum growth yield (.50 vs .40 g of cells per gram of carbohydrate fermented), and the yields are adjusted for maintenance requirements (.05 vs .150 g of cell dry weight per gram of carbohydrate fermented per hour for SC and NSC bacteria respectively). Bacterial yield is decreased when forage NDF is < 20% (2.5% for every 1% decrease in NDF). The SC bacteria utilize only ammonia as a N source, but the NSC bacteria can utilize either ammonia or peptides. The yield of NSC bacteria is enhanced by as much as 18.7% when proteins or peptides are available. The NSC bacteria produce less ammonia when the carbohydrate fermentation (growth) rate is rapid, but 34% of the ammonia production is insensitive to the rate of carbohydrate fermentation. Ammonia production rates are moderated by the rate of peptide and amino acid uptake (.07 g of peptide per gram of cells per hour), and peptides and amino acids can pass out of the rumen if the rate of proteolysis is faster than the rate of peptide utilization. The protein-sparing effect of ionophores is accommodated by decreasing the rate of peptide uptake by 34%. Validation with published data of microbial flow from the rumen gave a regression with a slope of .94 and an r2 of .88. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RUSSELL, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 59 TC 653 Z9 719 U1 8 U2 46 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3551 EP 3561 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000035 PM 1459918 ER PT J AU SNIFFEN, CJ OCONNOR, JD VANSOEST, PJ FOX, DG RUSSELL, JB AF SNIFFEN, CJ OCONNOR, JD VANSOEST, PJ FOX, DG RUSSELL, JB TI A NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS .2. CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN AVAILABILITY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; NUTRITION; MODELS; FEED COMPOSITION TABLES; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; METABOLIZABLE PROTEIN ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; STARCH DIGESTION; DAIRY-COWS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; MILK-PRODUCTION; DYNAMIC-MODEL; PHYSICAL FORM; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN AB The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) axe estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates axe a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain). C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 65 TC 1444 Z9 1673 U1 9 U2 84 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3562 EP 3577 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000036 PM 1459919 ER PT J AU FOX, DG SNIFFEN, CJ OCONNOR, JD RUSSELL, JB VANSOEST, PJ AF FOX, DG SNIFFEN, CJ OCONNOR, JD RUSSELL, JB VANSOEST, PJ TI A NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS .3. CATTLE REQUIREMENTS AND DIET ADEQUACY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITION; MODELS ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; BEEF-CATTLE; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; FEED-EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; STEERS; PERFORMANCE; HOLSTEIN; BREED; COWS AB The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has equations for predicting nutrient requirements, feed intake, and feed utilization over wide variations in cattle (frame size, body condition, and stage of growth), feed carbohydrate and protein fractions and their digestion and passage rates, and environmental conditions. Independent data were used to validate the ability of the CNCPS to predict responses compared to National Research Council (NRC) systems. With DMI in steers, the CNCPS had a 12% lower standard error of the Y estimate (S(y.x)) and three percentage units less bias than the NRC system. For DMI in heifers, both systems had a similar S(y.x) but the NRC had four percentage units less bias. With lactating dairy cows' DMI, the CNCPS had a 12% lower S(y.x). Observed NE(m) requirement averaged 5% under NRC and 6% under CNCPS predicted values at temperatures above 9-degrees-C but were 18% over NRC and 9% under CNCPS at temperatures under 9-degrees-C. Energy retained was predicted with an R2 of .80 and .95 and a bias of 8 and 4% for the NRC and CNCPS, respectively. Protein retained was predicted with an R2 of .75 and .85 with a bias of 0 and -1% for NRC and CNCPS, respectively. Biases due to frame size, implant, or NE(g) were small. Body condition scores predicted body fat percentage in dairy cows with an R2 of .93 and a S(y.x) of 2.35% body fat. The CNCPS predicted metabolizable protein allowable ADG with a bias of 1.6% with a S(y.x) of .07 kg compared to values of -30% and .10 kg, respectively for the NRC system. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP FOX, DG (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 58 TC 299 Z9 315 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3578 EP 3596 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000037 PM 1334063 ER PT J AU WATTIAUX, MA MERTENS, DR SATTER, LD AF WATTIAUX, MA MERTENS, DR SATTER, LD TI KINETICS OF HYDRATION AND EFFECT OF LIQUID UPTAKE ON SPECIFIC-GRAVITY OF SMALL HAY AND SILAGE PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HYDRATION; DENSITY; RUMEN; FORAGE PRESERVATION; DIGESTA PASSAGE RATE ID FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; INVITRO FERMENTATION; DIETARY FIBER; DAIRY-COWS; PASSAGE; RUMEN; SIZE; RUMINATION AB Kinetics of hydration of ground hay and silage particles (2-mm screen), determined by a pycnometric technique, was best described by a two- and one-pool exponential model, respectively. Fractional rates of hydration of the large pool, detected in hay particles only, and of the small pool present in both hay and silage particles averaged .135 and .021 min-1, respectively. When hydration was complete, liquid associated with particles averaged 1.16, 1.90, and .83 g/g of insoluble DM for bromegrass hay, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa silage, respectively. Functional specific gravity, which accounts for the effect of associated gas volume, averaged 1.54, 1.46, and 1.54, but unit specific gravity, calculated to include the effect of gases and liquid of hydration, averaged 1.22, 1.14, and 1.26 for bromegrass hay, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa silage, respectively. Preservation of forage as silage not only lowered gas volume, but also reduced water-holding capacity, both of which contribute to greater unit specific gravity and faster rate of escape from the rumen. In addition, estimates of unit specific gravity of approximately 1.2 indicate that even in the absence of associated gas, hydrated forage particles would tend to escape the rumen at a slower rate than that achieved by more dense particles. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3597 EP 3606 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000038 PM 1459920 ER PT J AU DONER, LW BRAUSE, AR PETRUS, DR AF DONER, LW BRAUSE, AR PETRUS, DR TI DELTA-O-18 MEASUREMENTS IN WATER FOR DETECTION OF SUGAR BEET-DERIVED SYRUPS IN FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID AUTHENTICITY AB Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry has shown that pure frozen concentrated orange juices (FCOJ) of 63-67-degrees brix possess a mean deltaO-18 value of +14.28 parts per thousand with a standard deviation of 1.80. Beet invert syrups, which are produced using ground water, possess negative values. As a result, deltaO-18 values decrease on addition of such syrups to FCOJ. Samples with values less than +8.9 parts per thousand. (3 standard deviations from the mean for pure FCOJs) can confidently be considered as adulterated. A collaborative study was conducted in which a pure FCOJ and 4 samples adulterated to various levels with medium beet invert syrup were sent to each of 6 collaborators. In all but 2 instances, juices containing more than 10% beet syrup would have been classified as adulterated by the collaborators; none would have classified pure juice as adulterated. The plot of mean deltaO-18 values for all collaborators at each adulteration level has a correlation coefficient >0.999. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC International. RP DONER, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1107 EP 1111 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ460 UT WOS:A1992JZ46000025 ER PT J AU SLOANE, PJ ELSASSER, TH SPATH, JA ALBERTINE, KH GEE, MH AF SLOANE, PJ ELSASSER, TH SPATH, JA ALBERTINE, KH GEE, MH TI PLASMA TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA DURING LONG-TERM ENDOTOXEMIA IN AWAKE SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PERMEABILITY; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; CACHETIN; SEPSIS; LUNG LYMPH ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEPTIC SHOCK; CACHECTIN; TNF; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LETHAL AB We used a continuous 12-h infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (10 ng. min-1.kg-1) in 10 awake sheep equipped with a lung lymph fistula and vascular catheters to determine the time course of increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) during the infusion and a 12-h postinfusion period. Lung lymph flow increased progressively during the infusion to a peak value averaging 8.6 +/- 2.0 times the baseline flow of 6.3 +/- 1.3 g/h. During the postinfusion period, lung lymph flow remained elevated at three to four times baseline. The lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio was unchanged from baseline over 24 h, indicating a dramatic increase in net protein flux across pulmonary microvessels. The TNF-alpha concentration peaked early in the infusion and then declined, despite the continuing presence of endotoxin. Plasma TNF-alpha concentration increased 10-fold (0.33 +/- 0.05 ng/ml at baseline to 3.89 +/- 0.78 ng/ml peak) 2 h into the endotoxin infusion. At the end of the endotoxin infusion, plasma TNF-alpha had decreased to 1.16 +/- 0.19 ng/ml. The circulating TNF-alpha concentration did not correlate with pathophysiology or outcome in these sheep. C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,DEPT PHYSIOL,1020 LOCUST ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,DEPT MED,DIV PULM MED & CRIT CARE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-08040, HL-36237] NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1837 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA JZ596 UT WOS:A1992JZ59600022 PM 1474059 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI SIMILARITY IN ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY - A SUMMARY OF THE BEILSTEIN-INSTITUTE CONFERENCE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 BEILSTEIN WORKSHOP ON SIMILARITY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL BOZEN, ITALY SP BUNDESMINIST FORSCH & TECHNOL, IBM EUROPE RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 6 BP 578 EP 579 DI 10.1021/ci00010a001 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA JZ742 UT WOS:A1992JZ74200002 ER PT J AU LI, ZS JENSEN, NS BELANGER, M LESPERANCE, MC JACQUES, M AF LI, ZS JENSEN, NS BELANGER, M LESPERANCE, MC JACQUES, M TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SERPULINA (TREPONEMA) HYODYSENTERIAE ISOLATES REPRESENTING SEROTYPES 8 AND 9 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWINE-DYSENTERY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; OUTER-MEMBRANE; INNOCENS; PROTEINS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOTOXIN; INFECTION; ANTIGENS AB The study described here was carried out to further characterize reference strains of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae representing serotypes 8 and 9. Results obtained from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, enteropathogenicity testing, and endotoxin profiles confirmed their identifications. Electron microscopy indicated that both strains were covered with a thin layer of capsule-like material. Immunoblot analysis indicated that an antigen in the 19-kDa region of proteinase K-digested whole cells reacted only with homologous antiserum. The serotype-specific antigens were sensitive to periodate oxidation but resistant to proteinase K digestion and migrated in the same region as purified lipopolysaccharides. Immunoblotting with proteinase K-digested whole cells appeared as useful as immunodiffusion with extracted lipopolysaccharide for the serological classification of S. hyodysenteriae. Immunogold labeling of whole cells and purified periplasmic flagella showed strong cross-reactions between S. hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens. Outer membrane preparations of strains representing serotypes 8 and 9 contained four major proteins which reacted with antisera against both species, and one major protein with a molecular mass of 46 kDa which reacted only with antisera against S. hyodysenteriae, irrespective of the serotype. Our findings suggest that periplasmic flagella and some outer membrane proteins are antigens common to both S. hyodysenteriae and S. innocens, whereas a 46-kDa outer membrane protein may be a species-specific antigen of S. hyodysenteriae. Finally, we propose immunoblotting as an alternative method to immunodiffusion for the serotyping of S. hyodysenteriae. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,FAC MED VET,RECH MALAD INFECT PORC GRP,ST HYACINTHE J2S 7C6,QUEBEC,CANADA. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2941 EP 2947 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JU856 UT WOS:A1992JU85600036 PM 1280646 ER PT J AU KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP THYAGARAJA, BS BELL, RA IMBERSKI, RB AF KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP THYAGARAJA, BS BELL, RA IMBERSKI, RB TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN INVITRO ASSAY FOR PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (L) FOLLOWING STUDIES ON IDENTIFICATION, TITERS AND SYNTHESIS OF ECDYSTEROIDS IN LAST-INSTAR FEMALES SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECDYSTEROID; ECDYSONE; MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PROTHORACIC GLAND; NEUROPEPTIDE ID BOMBYX-MORI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GLANDS; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; ECDYSONE; SILKWORM; BRAIN; PTTH; EGGS AB Hemolymph ecdysteroid titers and in vitro prothoracic gland ecdysteroid synthesis have been examined in last-instar larval (5th instar) females of Lymantria dispar. Ecdysteroids were quantified by radioimmunoassay and characterized by co-elution with known standards of ecdysteroids on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of hemolymph yielded ecdysone and 20-OH-ecdysone in ratios of 1:1 (day 6, shortly after attainment of maximum weight) and 1:28 (day 10, molting peak). Analysis of in vitro culture media from glands challenged with extracts of brains or retrocerebral complexes, or left unchallenged, revealed only immunoreactive material co-eluting with a known standard of ecdysone. Time-course studies of in vitro prothoracic gland ecdysone secretion demonstrated a major peak on day 10, 1-2 days prior to pupal ecdysis, and a small elevation on days 5-6. On days 5 and 6, 2.29 +/- 0.41 and 2.65 +/- 0.72 ng ecdysone per gland, respectively, were secreted in 6-h cultures. On day 10, 25.69 +/- 4.36 ng was secreted in 6-h culture. The ability of prothoracic glands of various ages to respond to brain extracts containing prothoracicotropic hormone activity was tested by determining an activation ratio for each day of the instar. The activation ratio was determined over a 90-min period by dividing the amount of ecdysone secreted by one member of a pair of prothoracic glands in the presence of brain extract by that of its contralateral control gland in Grace's medium. Prior to the addition of brain extract, the activity of the glands was allowed to subside to basal level for 180 min in Grace's medium. The activition ratio was highest on days 3-7 and fell throughout the remainder of the instar as the inherent ability of the prothoracic gland to maintain high levels of ecdysteroid synthesis in vitro in the absence of prothoracicotropic hormone increased. A two-phase in vitro assay for prothoracicotropic hormone was established using activition ratios. This assay showed saturable dose-response kinetics for prothoracic gland ecdysone secretion and specificity to extracts prepared from brain or retrocerebral complexes. A comparable assay for prothoracicotropic hormone purification, based on net synthesis and requiring half the number of prothoracic glands was also established. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ZOOL, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. RSRS, CENT SILK BOARD, KARNATAKA 571313, INDIA. RP KELLY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 162 IS 7 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1007/BF00296637 PG 7 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA KA036 UT WOS:A1992KA03600002 ER PT J AU VANRADEN, PM AF VANRADEN, PM TI ACCOUNTING FOR INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING IN GENETIC EVALUATION OF LARGE POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INBREEDING; GENETIC EVALUATION; CROSSBREEDING; HETEROSIS ID NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; UNITED-STATES; INVERSE AB Inbreeding coefficients for 9.3 million registered Holsteins were computed by constructing a small relationship matrix for each animal and its ancestors instead of one large matrix for the whole population. Recent cows averaged 2.0% inbreeding if each pedigree path was extended to the most recent ancestor born before 1960. Inbreeding was underestimated because some pedigrees included unknown ancestors more recent than the defined base year. Alternative estimates of inbreeding can be derived by assigning mean relationship and inbreeding of known ancestors to unknown ancestors of the same period. Animals of different breeds are less related than animals of the same breed. Relationships and inbreeding within and across populations can be measured back to the common base population from which the breeds arose by treating earliest known ancestors within each breed as related and inbred. Increased heterozygosity and heterosis of crossbred animals are then predicted from their lower inbreeding coefficients. Relationship matrices that include related and inbred unknown-parent groups treated as random or fixed effects can be constructed and inverted quickly. RP VANRADEN, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3136 EP 3144 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JW854 UT WOS:A1992JW85400025 ER PT J AU DARWIN, RF AF DARWIN, RF TI NATURAL-RESOURCES AND THE MARSHALLIAN EFFECTS OF INPUT-REDUCING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP DARWIN, RF (reprint author), USDA, ECON RES SERV, ROOM 408, 1301 NEW YORK AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 23 IS 3 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0095-0696(92)90001-D PG 15 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA261 UT WOS:A1992KA26100001 ER PT J AU HASER, A ROBINSON, DL DUC, G VANCE, CP AF HASER, A ROBINSON, DL DUC, G VANCE, CP TI A MUTATION IN VICIA-FABA RESULTS IN INEFFECTIVE NODULES WITH IMPAIRED BACTEROID DIFFERENTIATION AND REDUCED SYNTHESIS OF LATE NODULINS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE VICIA-FABA; MUTATION; SYM-1 GENE; NODULES ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; CYTOSOLIC GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; ROOT-NODULES; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; REGULATED EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PISUM-SATIVUM; NODULATION; SYMBIOSIS; SYNTHASE AB Although numerous reports have documented the effect of bacterially-induced ineffectiveness on root nodule structure, function, and plant gene expression, few studies have detailed the effect of the plant genome on similar parameters. In this report effective (N2-fixing) broadbean (Vicia faba L.) and plant-controlled ineffective (non-N2-fixing) broadbean recessive for the sym-1 gene were compared for nodule structure, developmental expression of nodule enzyme activities, enzyme proteins, and mRNAs involved in N assimilation, leghemoglobin (Lb) synthesis, and acetylene reduction activity (ARA). During development of effective wild-type nodules, glutamine synthetase (GS), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and NADH-glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities and enzyme proteins increased coincident with nodule ARA. The increases in GS, AAT, and PEPC were associated with increased synthesis of mRNAs for these proteins. Synthesis of Lb polypeptides and mRNAs during development of effective nodules was similar to that of GS, AAT, and PEPC. By contrast, ineffective sym-1 nodules displayed little or no ARA and had neither the increases in enzyme activities nor enzyme proteins and mRNAs as seen for effective nodules. The effect of the sym-1 gene appeared to occur late in nodule development at either the stage of bacterial release from infection threads or differentiation of bacteria into bacteroids. High in vitro enzyme activities, enzyme polypeptides, and mRNA levels in parental effective nodules were dependent upon a signal associated with effective bacteroids that was lacking in, sym-1 nodules. Nodule organogenesis did not appear to be a signal for the induction of GS, PEPC, AAT, and Lb expression in sym-1 nodules. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INRA,STN GENET & AMELIORAT PLANTES,F-21034 DIJON,FRANCE. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 43 IS 256 BP 1397 EP 1407 DI 10.1093/jxb/43.11.1397 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ531 UT WOS:A1992JZ53100002 ER PT J AU JANSSENS, M TRAN, HC AF JANSSENS, M TRAN, HC TI DATA REDUCTION OF ROOM TESTS FOR ZONE MODEL VALIDATION SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE COMPARTMENT FIRES; ZONE MODELS; VENT FLOW RATES; TEMPERATURE PROFILES ID FIRE AB Compartment fire zone models are based on many simplifying assumptions, in particular that gases stratify in two distinct layers. Because of these assumptions, certain model output is in a form unsuitable for direct comparison to measurements made in full-scale room tests. The experimental data must first be reduced and transformed to be compatible with the model output. In this article, new techniques are described to calculate neutral plane height, vent flow rates, uniform upper and lower layer temperature and interface height from measured temperature profiles. The new calculation procedures conserve mass in the room. The procedures were used for data reduction of a series of 8 gas burner calibration room tests. The results of one of the tests are discussed in detail as an illustrative example. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP JANSSENS, M (reprint author), NATL FOREST PROD ASS,1250 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,SUITE 200,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 10 IS 6 BP 528 EP 555 DI 10.1177/073490419201000604 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA KF032 UT WOS:A1992KF03200004 ER PT J AU JACKSON, L WHITING, RC AF JACKSON, L WHITING, RC TI REDUCTION OF AN ESCHERICHIA-COLI K12 POPULATION BY BDELLOVIBRIO-BACTERIOVORUS UNDER VARIOUS INVITRO CONDITIONS OF PARASITE - HOST RATIO, TEMPERATURE, OR PH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; GROWTH; BEEF AB Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of food products, as well as bacterial population, were evaluated for their effects on the ability of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a bacterium parasitic upon gram-negative bacteria, to reduce an Escherichia coli population. High concentrations of both parasite and host were the most effective for reducing a specified E. coli population. B. bacteriovorus was able to reduce the E. coli count by 90% (1 log) in < 1 h at ratios of 5:1, 10:1, and 30:1 (parasite:host). Temperatures between 20 and 30-degrees-C were more conducive to bdellovibrio attack than temperatures less than 20-degrees-C. E. coli populations were reduced by more than 7-log values after 7 h of incubation at 30-degrees-C with parasite:host ratios of 2:1, 5:1, and 10:1. Greater than a 5-log reduction in the E. coli population was observed at the ratio of 30:1. B. bacteriovorus reduced the E. coli population by 1 log in approximately 24 min and 20 min at pH 7.2 and 6.8, respectively. At pH values < 6.8, the activity of B. bacteriovorus was diminished. These results define some of the conditions where the application of B. bacteriovorus may aid in the reduction/elimination of some gram-negative pathogens and spoilage flora that may be present in foods. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 55 IS 11 BP 859 EP 861 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JY442 UT WOS:A1992JY44200002 ER PT J AU DORNER, JW COLE, RJ BLANKENSHIP, PD AF DORNER, JW COLE, RJ BLANKENSHIP, PD TI USE OF A BIOCOMPETITIVE AGENT TO CONTROL PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN IN DROUGHT STRESSED PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ATOXIGENIC STRAINS; PARASITICUS; CONTAMINATION; TEMPERATURE; INVASION; IRRIGATION AB A three-year study was conducted to evaluate the use of a nonaflatoxin-producing strain of Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 13539) as a biocompetitive agent for the control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts. The agent was added to the soil of the environmental control plot facility at the National Peanut Research Laboratory and tested by subjecting peanuts to optimal conditions for the development of aflatoxin contamination. Edible peanuts from the treated soil contained aflatoxin concentrations of 11, 1, and 40 ppb for crop years 1987, 1988, and 1989, respectively, compared to untreated peanuts with 531, 96, and 241 ppb, respectively. In addition, treatment in 1989 with low and high inoculum levels of a UV-induced mutant from the NRRL 13539 strain resulted in aflatoxin concentrations of 29 and 17 ppb, respectively, in edible peanuts. Soil populations of the biocompetitive agents were not higher than populations of wild strains of A. flavus/parasiticus in untreated soil subjected to late-season drought stress. This is an important ecological consideration relative to the utilization of this biocontrol system. RP DORNER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 55 IS 11 BP 888 EP 892 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JY442 UT WOS:A1992JY44200008 ER PT J AU ANG, CYW AF ANG, CYW TI REHEATING EFFECT ON THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF REFRIGERATED STORED, COOKED BROILER MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; CHICKEN; MUSCLE AB Broiler breast and leg meats in sealed bags were cooked in an 88-degrees-C water bath to an internal temperature of 81-degrees-C. Product was cooled and stored at 4-degrees-C for 0 or 3 d. Samples were reheated to 60-degrees-C in a 163-degrees-C oven. No significant differences were found by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test between control and reheated portions, regardless of muscle type or storage time after cooking. The reheating practice made negligible contribution to oxidative changes of precooked chicken meat. RP ANG, CYW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 55 IS 11 BP 924 EP 926 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JY442 UT WOS:A1992JY44200017 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LL PAPA, CM LYON, CE WILSON, RL AF YOUNG, LL PAPA, CM LYON, CE WILSON, RL TI MOISTURE RETENTION AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF GROUND CHICKEN MEAT AS AFFECTED BY SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE, IONIC-STRENGTH AND PH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; IONIC STRENGTH; ACIDITY; TEXTURE; MOISTURE RETENTION; STPP AB Batches of ground chicken meat were mixed with 10% solutions containing 0.0-5.0% sodium tripolyphosphate and sufficient NaCl to adjust the ionic strength (IS) of the solutions from <0.7 to 6.0 at pH 6.5 to 9.5 in a 6 x 4 x 7 factorial experimental design. Patties prepared from the mixtures were evaluated for pH, cooking loss, and objective texture characteristics. Most effects of STPP were attributable to the direct effect of STPP on IS. However the ability of the phosphate to alter textural properties was greater at a pH value near the pK(a) of the phosphate. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,BIOMETR SERV,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP YOUNG, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1291 EP 1293 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KG504 UT WOS:A1992KG50400007 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, JA PATTEE, HE AF SINGLETON, JA PATTEE, HE TI MATURITY AND STORAGE AFFECT FREEZE DAMAGE IN PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FREEZE DAMAGE; PEANUTS; MATURITY; STORAGE; CONDUCTIVITY ID SEED SIZE; TEMPERATURE; VOLATILES; FLAVOR AB Maturity and length of storage times were studied as factors influencing chemical properties of peanuts harvested at six different dates and artificially freeze damaged for 1 0 hr at - 4-degrees-C. Conductivity of water extracts from freeze damaged peanuts generally decreased with maturity as did the amount of potassium found in the leachates. Two freeze-damage products, acetaldehyde and ethanol, decreased with maturity, indicating that maturity affected the extent of freeze damage. Acetaldehyde and ethanol concentrations also decreased during storage of freeze-damaged peanuts. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SINGLETON, JA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,SAA,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1382 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb06864.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KG504 UT WOS:A1992KG50400032 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI FORBUS, WR LYON, BG AF ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI FORBUS, WR LYON, BG TI RELATIONSHIP OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACHES (CV LORING) TO MATURITY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PEACHES; SWEETNESS; ACIDITY; FIRMNESS; QUALITY; FLAVOR GRADE ID GROUND COLOR; MATURATION; CULTIVARS; HARVEST AB The effect of maturity and ripening on the quality characteristics of Loring peaches was determined. Size, weight, Minolta a values, sucrose, total sugar, soluble solids (SS) and SS/TA ratio of cv. Loring peaches increased significantly with increased degree of maturity of fruit. Firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and delayed light emission (DLE) decreased significantly with increased maturity grade. The fruit of grades 1 and 2 did not attain sensory characteristics similar to tree ripe fruit (grades 6 and 7). The fruit of those grades Were less sweet and more sour than grades 3-7. The optimum maturity for harvesting Loring peaches for optimum quality was maturity grade 5. RP ROBERTSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1401 EP 1404 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb06868.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KG504 UT WOS:A1992KG50400036 ER PT J AU PACE, JI AF PACE, JI TI BORROWING THE LAND SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Letter RP PACE, JI (reprint author), USDA OIA,NAT AMER PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 90 IS 11 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JW529 UT WOS:A1992JW52900003 ER PT J AU WU, GS KAPER, JM AF WU, GS KAPER, JM TI WIDELY SEPARATED SEQUENCE ELEMENTS WITHIN CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS SATELLITES CONTRIBUTE TO THEIR ABILITY TO INDUCE LETHAL TOMATO NECROSIS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRAIN-Y; VIRAL SATELLITES; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; TOBACCO; AGENT AB To determine the structural requirements for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellites to elicit lethal tomato necrosis, three satellite variants D, S and Y were used in the construction and cloning of chimeric cDNAs. D and S are necrogenic and non-necrogenic 'prototype' variants, respectively, and Y possesses the 3' conserved necrosis-determining region but does not cause lethal tomato necrosis. Its 5' half harbours an insertion/deletion region that results in a molecule about 30 nucleotides longer than other variants. Tomato bioassays were conducted with RNA transcripts of all six chimeric combinations of the 5' and 3' halves of the three satellite variants divided by a common restriction site, as well as with a mutated chimera. None of the chimeras containing the 5' half of Y induced lethal necrosis in tomato even when their 3' halves were that of the D variant with the conserved necrogenic element. Chimeras with the 3' half of Y elicited only partial or restricted necrosis which was much less severe than that induced by prototype variant D, and often was not lethal. Site-directed mutation of a single nucleotide in proximity to the necrogenic element of such a chimera containing the 3' half of Y restored much lethal necrogenicity. The results revealed the presence of structural elements in CMV satellite variant Y that modulate or even suppress the expression of the 3' conserved necrosis-determining element. They indicate that in CMV satellites widely separated sequence elements constituting a three-dimensional requirement are responsible for eliciting lethal necrosis in tomato. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 BP 2805 EP 2812 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-73-11-2805 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA JX105 UT WOS:A1992JX10500005 PM 1279099 ER PT J AU KRAFSUR, ES OBRYCKI, JJ FLANDERS, RV AF KRAFSUR, ES OBRYCKI, JJ FLANDERS, RV TI GENE FLOW IN POPULATIONS OF THE 7-SPOTTED LADY BEETLE, COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA; VARIABILITY AB Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to reveal gene diversity in exotic North American Coccinella septempunctata populations. This lady beetle recently spread across the northern Nearctic. Sixteen of 28 putative loci were polymorphic; average gene diversity for all loci was 0.1598 +/- 0.041. Gene frequencies were estimated at eight polymorphic loci in natural North American beetles from Arkansas, Delaware, Iowa, Kansas, New York, Oregon, and Michigan. Also studied were F2 beetles from four laboratory colonies that originated in Eurasia, along with field-collected beetles from France, Greece, and Sicily. Gene diversity among the Nearctic beetles was as great as that among the Palearctic beetles. Analysis of variance by Wright's method showed that only 29 % of the variance in gene frequencies was between USDA cultures, Palearctic, and Nearctic beetles; 71 % of the genetic variance was shared by beetles within the 21 subpopulations. No evidence of bottlenecks or drift was detected among the Nearctic subpopulations, and gene flow was essentially unrestricted. C1 USDA,NATL BIOL CONTROL LAB,APHIS,PPQ,NILES,MI. RP KRAFSUR, ES (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 83 IS 6 BP 440 EP 444 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KB266 UT WOS:A1992KB26600008 ER PT J AU LI, Y STEINER, WWM AF LI, Y STEINER, WWM TI GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF A BLACK ABDOMEN MUTANT IN MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID EYE-COLOR; LEPIDOPTERA; DIPTERA; WASP; FLY C1 USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO. RP LI, Y (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 83 IS 6 BP 448 EP 450 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KB266 UT WOS:A1992KB26600010 ER PT J AU SNELLER, CH ISLEIB, TG CARTER, TE AF SNELLER, CH ISLEIB, TG CARTER, TE TI ISOZYME SCREENING OF NEAR-ISOGENIC MALE STERILE SOYBEAN LINES TO UNCOVER POTENTIAL LINKAGES - LINKAGE OF THE PGM1 AND MS2 LOCI SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID MARKERS; SELECTION; TOMATO; GENES C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC. RP SNELLER, CH (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 83 IS 6 BP 457 EP 459 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KB266 UT WOS:A1992KB26600014 ER PT J AU KOMUVES, LG HEATH, JP AF KOMUVES, LG HEATH, JP TI UPTAKE OF MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE ENTEROCYTES OF SUCKLING PIGLETS - IMPROVED DETECTION WITH A STREPTAVIDIN-BIOTIN BRIDGE GOLD TECHNIQUE SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MATERNAL IGG UPTAKE; PORCINE JEJUNUM; BIOTINYLATED BSA-GOLD; STREPTAVIDIN-BIOTIN BRIDGE-GOLD METHOD ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED TRANSPORT; PEROXIDASE COMPLEX ABC; COLLOIDAL GOLD; ABSORPTIVE CELLS; SMALL-INTESTINE; FC RECEPTOR; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; CONCANAVALIN-A; NEWBORN RAT; AVIDIN AB In ungulates, intestinal absorption of maternal immunoglobulins from colostrum plays a vital role in the acquisition of passive immunity during early neonatal life. In the present study we used post-embedding colloidal gold labeling to examine the intracellular localization of IgG in the jejunal enterocytes of miniature piglets suckled for 2 hr. Quantitation of the immunolabeling revealed that the most sensitive technique for IgG detection was the streptavidin bridge-gold technique. In this method, the LR White-embedded sections were labeled sequentially with biotinylated anti-porcine IgG, streptavidin, and biotinylated BSA conjugated to 10-nm colloidal gold. With this approach, we found the following sequence of maternal IgG accumulation: passage of IgG from colostrum through the brush border; binding to the apical plasma membrane; uptake in noncoated pits and invaginations; transport in endocytotic vesicles; and accumulation in granules in the apical cytoplasm. RP KOMUVES, LG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,MICROSCOPY LAB,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA MT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER 19 EAST 98TH ST SUTIE 9G, NEW YORK, NY 10029 SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1637 EP 1646 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JU672 UT WOS:A1992JU67200002 PM 1431052 ER PT J AU AUNG, LH FOUSE, DC HARRIS, CM AF AUNG, LH FOUSE, DC HARRIS, CM TI EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST DESICCATION AT HIGH-TEMPERATURE ON SOLUBLE SUGAR CHANGES OF 2 SUPERSWEET SWEET CORN CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE; QUALITY; MAIZE AB The alteration in the soluble sugar contents of two commercial cultivars of sweet corn, Zea mays L. Supersweet Jubilee and Sweetie, desiccated at 60-degrees-C was determined. The loss of kernel moisture under field condition was gradual, but was rapid under laboratory condition at 60-degrees-C. Constant dry weight of kernels was reached after 24 h. In both cultivars, postharvest desiccation at 60-degrees-C significantly increased raffinose and fructose contents over those of non-desiccated control. Sucrose content of kernels, however, was significantly decreased by desiccation in both cultivars. In cv. Supersweet Jubilee, raffinose, sorbitol, fructose and glucose were significantly increased in kernels contained in plastic bags held at 60-degrees-C compared with naked desiccation at 60-degrees-C. In cv. Sweetie, however, only fructose and glucose contents were increased and not raffinose, sorbitol or sucrose. It was concluded that high temperature desiccation had a profound effect on sweet corn soluble sugars which may be associated with their cell membrane protecting role. RP AUNG, LH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 67 IS 6 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JZ470 UT WOS:A1992JZ47000003 ER PT J AU THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP GELMAN, DB BELL, RA IMBERSKI, RB AF THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP GELMAN, DB BELL, RA IMBERSKI, RB TI KOPEC REVISITED NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION OF METAMORPHOSIS IN THE GYPSY-MOTH (LYMANTRIA-DISPAR) - DEVELOPMENT OF A LARVAL INVIVO ASSAY FOR PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MOLTING; PUPATION; ECDYSTEROIDS; DEBRAINING; STARVATION; NECK-LIGATION ID BOMBYX-MORI; ECDYSTEROID TITER; INSECT RHYTHMS; PTTH; ORGANIZATION; PHYSIOLOGY; BIOASSAY; INSTAR; EGGS AB The role of the brain as a neuroendocrine regulator of metamorphosis in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. was originally demonstrated by Kopec more than 70 years ago. We have reexamined this role by determining haemolymph ecdysteroid titres, activity and responsiveness of the prothoracic glands, and growth of female last (i.e. fifth)-instar larvae in relation to secretion of the brain prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the factor known to trigger moulting and metamorphosis in insects. The head critical period for secretion of PTTH in Lymantria reared at 25-degrees-C in a 16 h light-8 h dark cycle was shown by neck ligation to occur on day 7-8 of the fifth instar. The critical period occurred shortly after a small peak of haemolymph ecdysteroid that reached 600 pg 20-hydroxyecdysone equivalents/mul, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Feeding was completed by day 7, thus neck ligation did not affect nutrient intake. Animals starved from day 5 onward completed pupation at the same time as non-starved controls and showed normal increases in haemolymph ecdysteroid titres. Animals neck-ligated on day 7 and injected 5 days later with extracts of brain, retrocerebral complex, or brain tissues containing lateral or median neurosecretory cells were stimulated to pupate within 5 days, and brain-extract-injected animals showed an increase in haemolymph ecdysteroid titre of over 4000 pg/mul. Animals neck-ligated earlier had lower haemolymph ecdysteroid titres than day 7, neck-ligated larvae and their prothoracic glands showed lower activity in vitro. Using the in vivo assay, PTTH activity was detected in pre-hatch eggs and in brains taken from day-5 last-instar larvae, day-1 pupae and day-1 adults. The assay appears specific to tissues from the brain and retrocerebral complex, since no activity was found with extracts of the subesophageal ganglion, fat body or muscle. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 11 BP 925 EP 938 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(92)90104-L PG 14 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA JZ894 UT WOS:A1992JZ89400013 ER PT J AU STAHLY, DP KLEIN, MG AF STAHLY, DP KLEIN, MG TI PROBLEMS WITH INVITRO PRODUCTION OF SPORES OF BACILLUS-POPILLIAE FOR USE IN BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE-BEETLE SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-POPILLIAE; BACILLUS-POLYMYXA; BACILLUS-AMYLOLYTICUS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; POPILLIA-JAPONICA; GRUB ATTACK; DOOM; SPORES C1 OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP STAHLY, DP (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90010-2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JW087 UT WOS:A1992JW08700010 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ UNDEEN, AH AF BECNEL, JJ UNDEEN, AH TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS OF THE PARASITE HOST SYSTEM EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORIDA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE) AND AEDES-AEGYPTI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEDES-AEGYPTI; EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS; DIPTERA; MICROSPORA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90012-S PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JW087 UT WOS:A1992JW08700012 PM 1431195 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ AF TROUT, TJ TI FURROW FLOW VELOCITY EFFECT ON HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Note RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MGMT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 118 IS 6 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:6(981) PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JZ315 UT WOS:A1992JZ31500013 ER PT J AU CLEMMENS, AJ AF CLEMMENS, AJ TI IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY RELATIONSHIPS FOR IRRIGATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP CLEMMENS, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 118 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1008 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:6(1008.2) PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JZ315 UT WOS:A1992JZ31500022 ER PT J AU PIERCE, BM LONGLAND, WS JENKINS, SH AF PIERCE, BM LONGLAND, WS JENKINS, SH TI RATTLESNAKE PREDATION ON DESERT RODENTS - MICROHABITAT AND SPECIES-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON RISK SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE HETEROMYIDAE; MURIDAE; RATTLESNAKE PREDATION; CROTALUS ID OWL PREDATION; HETEROMYID RODENTS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITIES; MORPHOLOGY; MOONLIGHT; TABLES AB Risk of rattlesnake predation was assessed in laboratory experiments for two bipedal and two quadrupedal species of desert rodents. Rodents were left overnight with Great Basin rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis lutosus) in experimental arenas that had either 37% sagebrush-canopy cover or no cover. Predation rates did not differ significantly between arena types for any one rodent species or for all four species grouped. The lack of a shrub-cover effect on risk suggests that rattlesnake predation cannot account for microhabitat associations found in desert rodents. Risk did not differ between bipedal and quadrupedal species, but differed significantly among individual species. Dipodomys merriami and Peromyscus maniculatus seldom were caught by rattlesnakes, but Microdipodops megacephalus and Perognathus parvus often were caught. Such species differences in risk may affect foraging behavior and distribution patterns of some species of desert rodents. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. RP PIERCE, BM (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOL,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 859 EP 865 DI 10.2307/1382207 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JZ555 UT WOS:A1992JZ55500017 ER PT J AU ENDRIS, RG HASLETT, TM HESS, WR AF ENDRIS, RG HASLETT, TM HESS, WR TI AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS-INFECTION IN THE SOFT TICK, ORNITHODOROS (ALECTOROBIUS) PUERTORICENSIS (ACARI, ARGASIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORNITHODOROS (A) PUETORICENSIS; ARBOVIRUS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS ID TRANS-OVARIAL TRANSMISSION; MOUBATA-PORCINUS; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB In total, 1,186 second instar Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis Fox second instars were fed on a pig when it had a viremia of 10(5.2) hemadsorption units (HAd50/ml) and 420 second-instar 0. puertoricensis were fed on an uninfected pig. Subsequent blood meals for ticks in both groups were from uninfected pigs. The effects of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection on O. puertoricensis populations were evaluated for the following parameters: mortality; mean time to death; percentage molted per instar; percentage molted to male, female, or subsequent instar; effects on duration of premolt period; and the number of blood meals per instar. The cumulative virus-induced mortality rate for all immature stages (second to fifth instar) of 0. puertoricensis that had been fed as second instars on a pig infected with ASFV was 43.2%. In contrast, 23.1% mortality was observed among ticks fed on uninfected pigs. The mortality rate among third instars that fed on the viremic pig was 55.3% versus 4.8% among nymphs fed on normal pigs. One-third to more than one-half of all third, fourth, and fifth instars required at least two blood meals to molt. Mean premolt periods for second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars fed on uninfected pigs were almost-equal-to 12, 15, 32, 22, and 14 d, respectively. Mean weights for unfed second to fifth instars, males, and females were: 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 1.7, 1.5, and 3.1 mg per tick, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 990 EP 994 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JW623 UT WOS:A1992JW62300016 PM 1460641 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW MULLENS, BA AF WIRTH, WW MULLENS, BA TI CULICOIDES-BOYDI (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) - A POTENTIAL VECTOR OF HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUSES TO DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE; EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE; BIGHORN SHEEP ID CARIBBEAN REGION; BLUETONGUE AB Culicoides boydi new species is described from Riverside County, CA. A taxonomic key, table of numerical characters, and female wing photographs are presented to distinguish it from the three other species of the Culicoides pusillus species group of the subgenus Avaritia. Brief notes are presented on its biology and distribution and suspected vector potential in the transmission of bluetongue virus to desert bighorn sheep in California. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. FLORIDA STATE COLLECT ARTHROPODS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,1304 NW 94TH ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1010 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JW623 UT WOS:A1992JW62300018 PM 1334151 ER PT J AU PRULLAGE, JB POUND, JM MEOLA, SM AF PRULLAGE, JB POUND, JM MEOLA, SM TI SYNGANGLIAL MORPHOLOGY AND NEUROSECRETORY CENTERS OF ADULT AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (L) (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IXODIDAE; LONE STAR TICK; SYNGANGLION ID HYALOMMA-DROMEDARII ACARI; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; CELL-TYPES; TICK; SYSTEM; IXODOIDEA; ANATOMY AB Lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were processed by standard histological means for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining by the paraldehyde-fuchsin technique. The synganglion is highly condensed around the esophagus and possesses paired optic, cheliceral, palpal, pedal I-IV nerves, and opisthosomal nerves and a single unpaired esophageal nerve. Although optic nerves were observed leading from the eyes to the protocerebrum, distinct optic ganglia were not seen in any of the preparations examined. The paraldehyde-fuchsin technique revealed 14 neurosecretory centers (11 paired, 3 unpaired) within the synganglion, which are described in relation to the underlying neuropilar structure. A previously undescribed internal subesophageal center that consists of a single cell was observed within a cluster of perikarya lying posteriorly adjacent to the esophagus. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal neuropilar structure of the synganglion was made, and the included neurosecretory centers were mapped. Comparisons are made to previous work on other ticks, and physiological relationships are considered. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. RP PRULLAGE, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,SO PLAINS AREA,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1034 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JW623 UT WOS:A1992JW62300020 PM 1460618 ER PT J AU NELSON, SK HUANG, CJ MATHIAS, MM ALLEN, KGD AF NELSON, SK HUANG, CJ MATHIAS, MM ALLEN, KGD TI COPPER-MARGINAL AND COPPER-DEFICIENT DIETS DECREASE AORTIC PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION AND COPPER-DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY, AND INCREASE AORTIC LIPID-PEROXIDATION IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY COPPER; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; AORTIC PROSTACYCLIN; RATS; LIPID PEROXIDATION ID VITAMIN-E; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; CYCLOOXYGENASE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SUBSTANCE; OXIDASE; PLASMA; MICE AB Agonist challenged aortic prostacyclin production was examined in copper-adequate, -marginal and -deficient rats fed AIN-based diets providing 6.7, 1.7 and 0.8 mug Cu/g, respectively. Aortic rings were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit salts, 10 mmol/L HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, 95%:5% O2:CO2, 37-degrees-C, and equilibrated for 1 h. Equilibrated rings were challenged with buffer (basal), 273.0 nmol/L thrombin and angiotensin II at 84.6 pmol/L and 846.0 pmol/L. Prostacyclin production, determined at 10 minutes by RIA as 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha, in basal and 84.6 pmol/L angiotensin II ring incubations was significantly reduced by 28 to 48% in copper-deficient rats. With thrombin or 846.0 pmol/L angiotensin II prostacyclin production was significantly reduced by 18 to 55% in copper-marginal and copper-deficient rats. Copper-dependent superoxide dismutase activity was significantly depressed by 30 and 57% in aortae of copper-marginal and copper-deficient rats. Lipid peroxidation, estimated by the thiobarbituric acid test, was significantly increased by 85% in copper-deficient rats, with a nonsignificant 40% increase in aortae from copper-marginal rats. The results suggest that the decreases in aortic prostacyclin production in aortea from both copper-deficient and copper-marginal rats are associated, in a dose-dependent manner, with copper-dependent superoxide dismutase depression and increases in aortic lipid peroxidation. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. FU FIC NIH HHS [1F05TW04092]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39759] NR 36 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 122 IS 11 BP 2101 EP 2108 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JW625 UT WOS:A1992JW62500007 PM 1432251 ER PT J AU WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ AF WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ TI THE EFFECTS OF LOW DIETARY ZINC IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS FED HIGH FRUCTOSE DIET SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; ZINC; FRUCTOSE ID REQUIRING METALLOENZYMES; ABSORPTION AB This study was undertaken to determine whether low dietary zinc will ameliorate the severity of copper deficiency when a high-fructose, copper-deficient diet is fed. Four groups of weanling male rats were fed high-fructose diets containing adequate (6 mug/g) or deficient (0.6 mug/g) copper and adequate (32 mug/g) or low (8 mug/g) zinc, for 5 weeks. The ratio of zinc to copper in the diets varied from 1.3-53.3. Regardless of dietary zinc levels, rats fed the copper-deficient diets exhibited hypertrophy of the liver, heart, and testes, and atrophy of the pancreas. In addition, two rats died of the deficiency. Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels were also elevated in rats fed the copper-deficient diets at both zinc levels. The data show that low dietary zinc in a copper-deficient diet cannot ameliorate the signs associated with copper deficiency. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 3 IS 11 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90055-N PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JW452 UT WOS:A1992JW45200006 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK VESONDER, RF BOYETTE, CD HOAGLAND, RE KRICK, T AF ABBAS, HK VESONDER, RF BOYETTE, CD HOAGLAND, RE KRICK, T TI PRODUCTION OF FUMONISINS BY FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME CULTURES ISOLATED FROM JIMSONWEED IN MISSISSIPPI SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXINS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SWINE; SOIL AB Eight Fusarium spp. were isolated from greenhouse-grown jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) in Mississippi in 1990. Four isolates of Fusarium moniliforme were obtained and when grown on autoclaved rice, produced 115 to 3,200 mg/kg fumonisin B1 (FB1). Other fumonisin-related compounds, such as FB2, FB3 and FB4 were also produced at levels of 240, 210 and 160 mg/kg, respectively. F. semitectum (3 isolates) was negative for production of fumonisin and other phytotoxins. F. oxysporum (1 isolate) produced only 3.5 g/kg moniliformin. This is the first report of production of fumonisins by F. moniliforme isolated from weeds such as jimsonweed. C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 136 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01298.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KC883 UT WOS:A1992KC88300003 ER PT J AU MEIER, CE NEWTON, RJ PURYEAR, JD SEN, S AF MEIER, CE NEWTON, RJ PURYEAR, JD SEN, S TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES OF LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) SEEDLINGS TO DROUGHT STRESS - OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT AND TISSUE ELASTICITY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PINUS-TAEDA; ELASTICITY; MONOSACCHARIDES; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; PRESSURE-VOLUME ANALYSIS; PROLINE; PSYCHROMETRY ID WATER POTENTIAL COMPONENTS; RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; PRESSURE-BOMB; L CALLUS; LEAVES; GROWTH; DEFICITS; SORGHUM; LEAF AB The physiological responses of osmotic adjustment and turgor maintenance may be critical for seedling survival under drought stress. The objectives were to determine: 1) if osmotic adjustment in shoots and changes in shoot tissue elasticity could be induced by cyclical gradual development of water deficits in seedlings, 2) if osmotic adjustment occurred in roots, and 3) to characterize important solutes contributing to osmotic adjustment. Cyclical drought stress treatments were applied to 5- to 6-month-old Pinus taeda L. seedlings from two half-sib families in a controlled-environment chamber by withholding irrigation until predawn xylem potentials reached desired levels. Predawn xylem water potentials did not fall below - 0.6 MPa in the irrigated, nonstressed seedlings, while in the stressed treatment, seedlings were irrigated to saturation only when predawn xylem potentials reached -1.5 to -2.0 MPa. Pressure-volume curve analysis and solute analyses after five or more stress cycles confirmed significant osmotic adjustment. Osmotic adjustment through proline and monosaccharide (fructose, glucose) accumulation in fascicles was observed. Shoot tissue elasticity was reduced by drought stress. Osmotic adjustment was also demonstrated in both suberized and nonsuberized root portions of 16-month-old seedlings after only one drought cycle. No differences between the two families in cell wall elasticity capacities were observed. Pressure-volume curve analyses showed no significant differences in osmotic adjustment between the two families. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOREST SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 140 IS 6 BP 754 EP 760 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KA806 UT WOS:A1992KA80600018 ER PT J AU COX, JR AF COX, JR TI LEHMANN LOVEGRASS LIVE COMPONENT BIOMASS AND CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CRUDE PROTEIN; ERAGROSTIS-LEHMANNIANA NEES; GREEN CULMS; GREEN LEAVES; GREEN SEEDHEADS; PHOSPHORUS AB Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees), a perennial bunchgrass from southern Africa, is replacing native grasses in Arizona. After the invasion. biomass production and quality may change. This study was conducted to determine the production and chemical composition of live Lehmann lovegrass leaves, culms, and seedheads during wet and dry years. During 3 years, green leaf biomass peaked at 78 +/- 14 g m-2 (XBAR +/- SE) in early August, green culms peaked at 103 +/- 21 g m-2 in mid October, and green seedheads peaked at 18 +/- 12 g m-2 in mid August. Leaf and culm growth peaks correspond with low crude protein (2.5%) and moderate phosphorus (0.23-0.25%) levels while seedhead growth peaks correspond with high crude protein (7-10%) and moderate phosphorus (0.19-0.29%) levels. There were no crude protein and phosphorus peaks in green culms. In Lehmann lovegrass forage, crude protein should meet animal requirements for about half the year while phosphorus should be adequate throughout the year. In native forages, crude protein is adequate throughout the year because animals selectively graze forbs, grasses, and shrubs but phosphorus does not meet animal requirements except in mid-summer. RP COX, JR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.2307/4002564 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600003 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA ADAMS, DC WIEDMEIER, RD CATES, RG AF PFISTER, JA ADAMS, DC WIEDMEIER, RD CATES, RG TI ADVERSE-EFFECTS OF PINE NEEDLES ON ASPECTS OF DIGESTIVE PERFORMANCE IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PINUS-PONDEROSA; BROWSE; SECONDARY COMPOUNDS; RUMINANT NUTRITION; POISONOUS PLANTS; TOXIC EFFECTS; PHENOLICS ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; NATIVE SHRUBS; FORAGE; RUMEN; DIGESTIBILITY; NITROGEN; GOATS; FERMENTATION; INHIBITION; TANNINS AB Pine needles from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) consumed by cows during winter can cause abortions. Our study determined the nutritional impact of pine needles given to steers intraruminally. In Trial 1, 12 steers were given either grass hay alone (CONT), 15% pine needles (15PN), or 30% pine needles (30PN) substituted for hay, as fed basis. In Trial 2, a 4 X 4 Latin square design was used with 4 steers. Treatments were: (1) control-grass hay alone (CONT); (2) grass hay plus 454 g/day of cottonseed meal (CSM); (3) pine needles substituted for 40% (as fed basis) of the hay (PN); and (4) pine needles (40%) plus 454 g/day of CSM (PNCSM). In Trial 1, dry matter intake (DMI), fecal N, and DM digestibility were not affected by either 15PN or 30PN. N intake and N digestibility were reduced (P<0.07) by 30PN. Fluid dilution rate (FDR) and fluid outflow rate (FOR) were depressed (P=0.10) by 30PN. Total VFA and ruminal ammonia-N also were depressed by 30PN. In Trial 2, the PN treatment adversely affected DMI, N intake, and all digestibility coefficients, and elevated fecal N. FDR, FOR, and turnover time (TOT) were reduced by 40% PN. Total VFA were increased by PN, while ammonia-N concentrations were reduced. Cottenseed meal had few effects on rumen variables, and there were no CSM X PN interactions. We conclude that pine needles severely affect cattle nutrition, particularly N intake and digestibility and fluid rate of passage. Cottonseed meal, at 1 kg/day, does not ameliorate the adverse effects of pine needles. Fifteen to 30% pine needles in cattle diets appears to be the threshold level for toxic effects on ruminal fermentation. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. UTAH STATE UNIV,ADVS DEPT,LOGAN,UT 84322. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BOT & RANGE SCI,PROVO,UT 84602. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.2307/4002565 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600004 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH PFISTER, JA AF RALPHS, MH PFISTER, JA TI CATTLE DIETS IN TALL FORB COMMUNITIES ON MOUNTAIN RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CATTLE GRAZING; FORBS; TALL FORB PLANT COMMUNITY; DIET SELECTION ID PONDEROSA PINE; LARKSPUR AB Thirteen grazing studies have recently documented diet botanical composition of cattle in tall forb plant communities on mountain rangelands. In forb-dominated plant communities, cattle selected forbs in proportion to their availability, (46 to 83% of their diets). In grass-dominated communities, forbs comprise only 11 to 32% of diets. On a landscape scale cattle preferred and spent proportionally more time grazing in forb-dominated communities. Taken together, these studies indicate that cattle have a wide acceptability for forage classes and can effectively utilize forb-dominated high mountain rangelands. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 534 EP 537 DI 10.2307/4002566 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600005 ER PT J AU GANSKOPP, D ROSE, J AF GANSKOPP, D ROSE, J TI BUNCHGRASS BASAL AREA AFFECTS SELECTION OF PLANTS BY CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM (FISCHER EX LINK) SCHULTES; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; PALATABILITY; FORAGE PREFERENCE; OPTIMUM FORAGING ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; SCHIZACHYRIUM-SCOPARIUM; HERBIVORY; SHEEP AB Cattle are selective foragers in response to several plant attributes. We tested hypotheses that caespitose plants of various basal areas were equally susceptible to herbivory and were defoliated with equal intensity by cattle. Five-hundred crested wheatgrass (Agropryon desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes) plants, distributed among 10 basal area classes, were monitored for frequency and level of utilization after approximately 74% of all plants in pastures were grazed by cattle. Plants with <25-cm2 basal area were less likely, and plants between 65 and 105-cm2 more likely to be grazed than other classes. Ninety-one percent of the 65 to 85-cm2 basal ares plants were defoliated, while only 48% of those <2.5 cm2 were grazed. The fact that mid-size plants occurred least often but were defoliated most often lends further credence to the selective grazing hypothesis. Less frequent use by cattle of plants <25-cm2 basal area may enhance chances of seedling establishment and survival of smaller established plants or remnants of deteriorating tufts. Among grazed plants, however, smaller plants endured higher utilization by weight than the overall population. Utilization was equal among other size classes. Because forage yield per unit of basal area declined as plant size increased, cattle probably forage most efficiently by selecting bite-size plants. Researchers using single plants, tiller, or leaves as experimental units should note that varying sized tufts are not equally likely to be defoliated, and plants less than 25-cm2 basal area may receive greater than average levels of utilization from free-ranging cattle under light to moderate utilization levels. These aspects of livestock grazing behavior and research objectives should be considered in selection of experimental units. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. RP GANSKOPP, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,SQUAW BUTTE STN,HC71451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.2307/4002567 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600006 ER PT J AU FORWOOD, JR MAGAI, MM AF FORWOOD, JR MAGAI, MM TI CLIPPING FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY EFFECTS ON BIG BLUESTEM YIELD, QUALITY, AND PERSISTENCE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE INVITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; ANDROPOGON-GERARDI VIT; DEFOLIATION INTENSITY; GRAZING SEASON; WARM-SEASON GRASSES; FORAGE QUALITY; HARVEST REGIMES ID FORAGE AB This study was initiated to determine the effects of defoliation frequency (based on amount of growth present), intensity, and length of grazing season on quantity and quality of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) in the Southern corn belt and to provide further data regarding the reasons for rapid quality decline of warm-season grasses. Three clipping frequencies (when plants reached heights of 30, 41, 51 cm) at 2 intensities (stubble heights of 10 and 20 cm) were imposed on established plots of pure big bluestem (cv. Kaw). Harvest season length was studied by terminating clipping on 15 August and 15 September as 2 separate treatments. Two years of data indicated that big bluestem regrows insufficiently after 15 August to warrant additional harvests under the imposed managements. Prolonged regrowth and leaving a short stubble of 10 cm resulted in greatest yield. Short stubble led to greater reductions in nonstructural carbohydrates, but did not damage the stand compared to pre-study measurements. Non-structural carbohydrate levels and stand composition improved with taller stubble. In vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein were higher on treatments clipped to leave a 10-cm stubble. The greatest proportion of leaves resulted from treatments where a 20-cm stubble remained. These results agree with studies indicating that leaf maturity is more responsible for lower quality forage than is the amount of stem material present in the stand. Our results indicate heavy use can be more safely accomplished in the Southern corn belt than for areas to the west because big bluestem can be more intensively defoliated in the Southern corn belt (10-cm) than that recommended for other areas (20 to 40 cm). C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP FORWOOD, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 554 EP 559 DI 10.2307/4002571 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600010 ER PT J AU FOWLER, JL HAGEMAN, JH MOORE, KJ SUZUKIDA, M ASSADIAN, H VALENZUELA, M AF FOWLER, JL HAGEMAN, JH MOORE, KJ SUZUKIDA, M ASSADIAN, H VALENZUELA, M TI SALINITY EFFECTS ON FORAGE QUALITY OF RUSSIAN THISTLE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SALSOLA-IBERICA; NITROGEN CONTENT; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; ACID DETERGENT FIBER AND LIGNIN; NITRATE; WATER-SOLUBLE OXALATES AB Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen and Pau), a common weed found on overgrazed rangelands, abandoned farmlands, and other disturbed sites in the western United States, is often grazed by livestock and in times of drought has been extensively harvested for hay. Much of the land where Russian thistle grows in the western United States has a salinity hazard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of salinity stress on forage quality of Russian thistle. Russian thistle plants were grown in a greenhouse in sand culture irrigated with salinized nutrient solutions electrical conductivities of 1.3, 10.6, 19.5, 26.8, and 33.9 (dS/m) prepared with NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 molar ratio). Chemical indices of forage quality (total N, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, nitrate, and oxalates) at 2 growth stages (early flower and full flower) were determined. Forage quality of Russian thistle, as measured by total N and fiber constituents, improved with increasing salinity. Mineral ash content increased with salinity stress at both growth stages but was reduced slightly by increasing maturity. Nitrate levels increased at early flower but decreased at full flower with increasing salinity, whereas oxalate levels at both growth stages were reduced by salinity. Neither component was of sufficient magnitude to be toxic to ruminants. These results indicate that salinity stress is not detrimental to forage quality of Russian thistle but tends to improve it. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68538. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP FOWLER, JL (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.2307/4002572 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600011 ER PT J AU GIBBENS, RP BECK, RF MCNEELY, RP HERBEL, CH AF GIBBENS, RP BECK, RF MCNEELY, RP HERBEL, CH TI RECENT RATES OF MESQUITE ESTABLISHMENT IN THE NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; ARID RANGELANDS; SHRUB INVASION; DESERT GRASSLANDS; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT AB Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa populations continue to expand and become more dense, even on areas once "successfully" treated either with herbicides or by bulldozing in southern New Mexico. Areas treated from 1958-1964 for mesquite control on the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and the New Mexico State University College Ranch were sampled to determine mesquite density changes. On herbicide treated areas sampled in 1976 and again in 1988, mesquite densities increased 10% to 128% and had densities from 67 to 494 plants/ha. Two areas treated by either bulldozing or fenuron in 1959-60, and with original kills near 100%, had an average density of 377 plants/ha by 1988, with an establishment rate of 13.5 plants/ha/year. On the College Ranch, mesquite densities increased 11%, from 130 (1982) to 147 (1988) plants/ha. Only 19% of a cohort of mesquite seedlings which germinated in 1989 were still alive in May 1990. Even though only a small percentage of the mesquite that germinated survived into the second year, this is enough to change former grasslands into mesquite-dominated rangelands. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP GIBBENS, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,LAS CRUCES,NM, USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.2307/4002576 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY476 UT WOS:A1992JY47600015 ER PT J AU LAHR, ML AF LAHR, ML TI THE INTERNATIONAL PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY - EVOLUTION AND LOCATION - CHAPMAN,K SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP LAHR, ML (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,RURAL IND SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 518 EP 520 PG 3 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA KA740 UT WOS:A1992KA74000011 ER PT J AU STENBERG, PL AF STENBERG, PL TI TECHNOLOGY IN THE GARDEN - RESEARCH PARKS AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT - LUGER,MI, GOLDSTEIN,HA SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP STENBERG, PL (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 526 EP 527 PG 2 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA KA740 UT WOS:A1992KA74000015 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, DD AF FRANCIS, DD TI CONTROL MECHANISMS TO REDUCE FERTILIZER NITROGEN MOVEMENT INTO GROUNDWATER SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE RP FRANCIS, DD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 444 EP 448 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA KJ763 UT WOS:A1992KJ76300007 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, MJ SCHUMACHER, TE JONES, AJ GANTZER, C AF LINDSTROM, MJ SCHUMACHER, TE JONES, AJ GANTZER, C TI PRODUCTIVITY INDEX MODEL COMPARISON FOR SELECTED SOILS IN NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID EROSION AB The productivity index (PI) model is a derived measure of soil productivity. The basic assumption of the PI model is that crop yield is a function of root development, which in turn is controlled by the soil environment. The PI model in conjunction with estimated soil property values contained in the SCS Soil Interpretation Record (SIR) data base are the basis of formulating predictions of long-term productivity changes by soil erosion in soil series, and has been used to target conservation programs within regional areas. Comparisons were made of PI values obtained using SIR estimations for selected soil series in the North Central Region of the U.S. PI values were determined from field data measured by erosion class for these soils at specific sites to determine if the PI model could be used as a method to predict soil reproductivity as modified by erosion. Results from these comparisons show that the PI model can be used to efficiently to characterize soil productivity at specific sites if accurate field data are available. However, using the midpoint of the range shown in the SIR data base may not be adequate to describe specific sites. The SIR data base can be useful in providing generalized comparisons between soil series, but may not account for site specific variations within a soil series. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP LINDSTROM, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 491 EP 494 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA KJ763 UT WOS:A1992KJ76300014 ER PT J AU LACOMB, RP TAYLOR, ML NOBLE, JM AF LACOMB, RP TAYLOR, ML NOBLE, JM TI COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF 4 MICROCOMPUTER NUTRIENT ANALYSIS SOFTWARE PACKAGES USING 24-HOUR DIETARY RECALLS OF HOMELESS CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID DATA-BASES; PROGRAMS C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD SYST,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. RP LACOMB, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1391 EP 1392 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JW631 UT WOS:A1992JW63100020 PM 1430728 ER PT J AU HOU, CT JOHNSTON, TM AF HOU, CT JOHNSTON, TM TI SCREENING OF LIPASE ACTIVITIES WITH CULTURES FROM THE AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH SERVICE CULTURE COLLECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ACTINOMYCETES; AGAR-PLATE SCREENING METHOD; BACTERIA; LIPASES; YEASTS ID MICROBIAL LIPASES; PURIFICATION; ENZYMES; KINDS; ASSAY AB A simple, sensitive agar plate method was used to screen lipase activity from 1229 selected cultures, including 508 bacteria, 479 yeasts, 230 actinomycetes and 12 fungi, covering many genera and species. About 25% of the cultures tested are lipase-positive. These lipase-positive strains were further classified into three categories according to their enzyme activity: good, moderate and weak lipase producers for those having orange fluorescent halo zones greater than 10 mm, 7.5 mm or 5 mm diameters, respectively. The good lipase producers have the potential to be developed for industrial enzymes. The positional, fatty acid or enantiospecificity of each individual lipase requires further investigation. The data presented here are important for the discovery of new lipases. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1088 EP 1097 DI 10.1007/BF02541042 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ485 UT WOS:A1992JZ48500005 ER PT J AU KUK, MS HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G WAN, PJ AF KUK, MS HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G WAN, PJ TI ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF AFLATOXINS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE ADSORPTION; AFLATOXINS; COTTONSEED EXTRACTION; DISTILLATION; ELISA; ETHANOL; LATENT HEAT; MISCELLAS; REGENERATION; SOLVENT EXTRACTION ID EXTRACTION; COTTONSEED; ETHANOL AB Physical removal of aflatoxins from cottonseed by solvent extraction with ethanol or isopropyl alcohol is technically feasible. These solvents used in the removal process are recycled to extraction systems after regeneration by distillation. However, distillation is costly due to high latent heat of the solvents. Adsorption techniques have been explored as a method to remove aflatoxins from these solvents. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays method and a high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detector were used to determine the toxins in the feed and eluates from the adsorption columns. Experimental data indicate that montmorillonite is highly effective for adsorptive aflatoxin removal. Adsorption data with neutral alumina and silica are also presented. Ethanol and ethanol-based miscellas, obtained from alcoholic cottonseed extractions were spiked with aflatoxins for this investigation. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1156 DI 10.1007/BF02541054 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ485 UT WOS:A1992JZ48500017 ER PT J AU MITCHAM, EJ MCDONALD, RE AF MITCHAM, EJ MCDONALD, RE TI CELL-WALL MODIFICATION DURING RIPENING OF KEITT AND TOMMY ATKINS MANGO FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MANGIFERA-INDICA; PECTIN; HEMICELLULOSE; FIRMNESS; RESPIRATION; NEUTRAL SUGARS; POLYGALACTURONASE ID TOMATO FRUIT; HEMICELLULOSES; POLYURONIDES; PURIFICATION; EXTRACTION; ENZYMES AB 'Keitt' and 'Tommy Atkins' mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit were evaluated for selected ripening criteria at six ripening stages, from mature green to overripe. 'Tommy Atkins' mangos developed more red and yellow pigmentation (CIE a* and b*) in peel and mesocarp tissues than 'Keitt'. The outer mesocarp of 'Keitt' remained firm longer than 'Tommy Atkins', and the inner mesocarp was softer than the outer at each stage in both cultivars. Cell wall neutral sugars, particularly arabinosyl, rhamnosyl, and galactosyl residues, decreased with ripening in both cultivars. 'Keitt' had more loosely associated, chelator-soluble pectin, accumulated more soluble polyuronides, and retained more total pectin at the ripe stage than 'Tommy Atkins'. Both cultivars had similar polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity which increased with ripening. The amount and molecular weight of cell wall hemicellulose decreased with ripening in both cultivars. These data indicate that enzymatic and/or nonenzymatic processes, in addition to polygalacturonase activity, are involved in the extensive softening of mango fruit. C1 USDA ARS, US HORT RES LAB, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. RP UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT POMOL, 1045 WICKSON HALL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 117 IS 6 BP 919 EP 924 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KC708 UT WOS:A1992KC70800009 ER PT J AU WARMUND, MR TAKEDA, F DAVIS, GA AF WARMUND, MR TAKEDA, F DAVIS, GA TI SUPERCOOLING AND EXTRACELLULAR ICE FORMATION IN DIFFERENTIATING BUDS OF EASTERN THORNLESS BLACKBERRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUBUS SPP; COLD HARDINESS; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; FLOWERING ID PEACH FLOWER BUDS; FREEZING-INJURY; DORMANT; CULTIVARS; PATTERNS AB 'Hull Thornless' and 'Black Satin' blackberry (Rubus spp.) canes were collected from Sept. 1989 through Mar. 1990 to determine the hardiness and supercooling characteristics of buds at various stages of development. Anatomical studies were also conducted to examine the location of ice voids in buds frozen to -5 or -30C. Differentiation of the terminal flower occurred in 'Black Satin' buds by 6 Nov., whereas 'Hull Thornless' buds remained vegetative until early spring. As many as nine floral primordia were observed in both cultivars by 12 Mar. The hardiness of the two cultivars was similar until February. Thereafter, 'Black Satin' buds were more susceptible to cold injury than those of 'Hull Thornless'. Floral and undifferentiated buds of both cultivars exhibited one to four low temperature exotherms (LTEs) from 9 Oct. to 12 Mar. in differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiments. The stage of floral development did not influence the bud's capacity to supercool. The number of LTEs was not related to the stage of floral development or to the number of floral primordia. Extracellular voids resulting from ice formation in the bud axis and scales were observed in samples subjected to -5 or -30C. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP WARMUND, MR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT HORT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 117 IS 6 BP 941 EP 945 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KC708 UT WOS:A1992KC70800013 ER PT J AU WROBEL, R JONES, BL AF WROBEL, R JONES, BL TI ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF SUBSTRATE AND PH-DEPENDENCE OF ENDOPROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES IN GREEN MALT SO JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; PROTEINASE; HORDEUM-VULGARE ID BARLEY ALEURONE LAYERS; HORMONAL-REGULATION; GERMINATED BARLEY; PURIFICATION; PROTEINASES; ENDOPEPTIDASE; PROTEASES; SEEDS AB The endoproteolytic enzymes of malt influence several different aspects of malt and beer quality. For this reason, we are extracting and characterizing these enzymes from green malt. The proteolytic activity of a Morex green malt extract was highest at pH 3.8 with haemoglobin substrate but gelatin hydrolysis was maximal from pH 4.7 to 6.0. Endoproteolytic hydrolysis of a 55% isopropanol-soluble reduced hordein fraction was about three times slower than gelatin hydrolysis but was relatively constant over the pH range from 3.8 to 6.5, although the activity did decrease at more acidic (3.0) or basic (7.0) pH values. To study the green malt proteinases in detail, a non-denaturing electrophoretic system was developed in which substrate proteins-either gelatin, edestin or hordein-were incorporated into an electrophoretic gel. After electrophoresis and incubation of the gels at pH 3.8, 4.7, 5.5, or 6.5 to allow enzymatic hydrolysis, the separated activities were determined by using protein staining to determine where the incorporated substrate had been hydrolysed. Using this system, seven proteolytic activity bands were detected. Five of the bands were maximally active at pH 3.8 and their activities dropped quickly as the pH increased. The other two bands, which migrated more slowly, hydrolysed gelatin more rapidly than they did the other substrates tested. Their gelatinolytic activities increased as the pH was raised (by 3- to 6-fold in the pH range tested). The electrophoretic system described has proven very useful for studying the proteinases of germinating barley seeds. The results indicate that much past research on malt proteinases may not be particularly relevant to the malting and brewing industries because it was conducted under pH conditions and with substrates that are likely quite different from those in the seed during the barley germination process. By using electrophoresis to separate proteinases before analysis, we can now study their individual characteristics and thus can conduct studies more relevant to malting and brewing. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST BREWING PI LONDON PA 33 CLARGES STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1Y 8EE SN 0046-9750 J9 J I BREWING JI J. Inst. Brew. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 98 IS 6 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JW053 UT WOS:A1992JW05300005 ER PT J AU ONEILL, KM KEMP, WP AF ONEILL, KM KEMP, WP TI BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION IN 2 SPECIES OF ROBBER FLIES OCCUPYING DIFFERENT GRASSLAND MICROHABITATS SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIPTERA; ASILIDAE; MACHIMUS; THERMAL BIOLOGY; BASKING; REFUGES ID ASILIDAE; DIPTERA; BURROWS AB 1. The robber flies Machimus occidentalis and Machimus formosus are ambush predators that occur sympatrically in grassland habitats of southwestern Montana. U.S.A., although the former occurs earlier in the season. 2. Early in daily foraging periods, when ambient temperatures are relatively low, the two species exhibited similar behaviours. They perched in a crouched posture on fully insolated bare soil surfaces and oriented their longitudinal and dorsoventral axes to maximize the incident solar radiation intercepted by the broad lateral surface of the thorax. Measurements of operative body temperature of flies in different locations, orientations, and postures indicate that such basking can significantly raise body temperature. 3. Their thermoregulatory tactics diverged as daily temperatures and solar radiation loads rise. 4. Like previous grassland species studied, M. occidentalis moved upward onto vegetation, where crouched postures and orientation to the sun disappeared. 5. Machimus formosus, on the other hand, took refuge in the shaded portions of ground squirrel (Citellus sp.) and badger (Taxidea taxus) burrows. 6. In both cases, the vertical movements resulted in lower body temperatures than would occur if flies remained on the fully insolated soil surfaces. 7. We compare the tactics of these two species with those of previous grassland species studied. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP ONEILL, KM (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 17 IS 6 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0306-4565(92)90041-D PG 9 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA KF065 UT WOS:A1992KF06500007 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, DR SILVA, RF AF MARSHALL, DR SILVA, RF TI PLASMID-ASSOCIATED EFFECTS ON TEST GENE-EXPRESSION AND MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS PLAQUE-FORMATION DURING RECOMBINATION TRIALS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE MAREKS DISEASE VIRUS; ALPHA-HERPESVIRUS; INTERFERENCE; IMMEDIATE-EARLY PROMOTER; RECOMBINATION ID DNA; TRANSFECTION; REPLICATION; SEQUENCE; ORIGIN AB Marek's disease virus (MDV), a herpesvirus of avian origin, is being examined for suitability as a vector for expressing foreign genes. We observed that plasmids encoding the LacZ gene of E. coli under the control of either the herpes simplex virus alpha4 immediate-early promoter or the cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter inhibited MDV plaque formation. Plaque numbers were decreased by one-third, and transient expression of the beta-galactosidase reporter gene was increased by up to 6-fold, when the plasmids were linearized. Sequences associated with the heterologous promoter were identified as being responsible for inhibiting MDV replication. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90068-O PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA JZ559 UT WOS:A1992JZ55900007 PM 1333474 ER PT J AU WHITEHEAD, TR AF WHITEHEAD, TR TI GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUMINAL BACTERIA BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS AND STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS BY ELECTROPORATION SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLONING; EXPRESSION; FAECALIS; FERMENTATION; PAM-BETA-1; SANGUIS; REGION AB Electroporation methods for introduction of plasmid DNA into the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Streptococcus hovis were developed. Electroporation of the strictly anaerobic B. fibrisolvens was carried out in an anaerobic glovebox with a buffer of 10% (v/v) glycerol and 1 mm MgCl2 in distilled water. Streptococcus bovis electroporation could be carried out aerobically with a buffer of 10% (v/v) glycerol in distilled water. The Escherichia coli/Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector pBS42 could be transformed into B. fibrisolvens strain H17c, selecting for chloramphenicol resistance. The Streptococcus sanguis/E. coli shuttle vector pVA838 could replicate and express erythromycin resistance in Strep. bovis. Both vectors were stable in each organism in the absence of antibiotic selection. While the efficiency was low (< 10(2)/mug DNA), the results demonstrate a means to introduce cloned genes into these organisms. RP WHITEHEAD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 15 IS 5 BP 186 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1992.tb00759.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JY152 UT WOS:A1992JY15200002 ER PT J AU MORI, K AMAIKE, M OLIVER, JE AF MORI, K AMAIKE, M OLIVER, JE TI PHEROMONE SYNTHESIS .163. SYNTHESIS AND ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION OF THE HEMIACETAL PHEROMONE OF THE SPINED CITRUS BUG BIPRORULUS-BIBAX SO LIEBIGS ANNALEN DER CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE BIPRORULUS-BIBAX; HEMIACETALS; HORSE LIVER ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (HLADH); LACTONES; PHEROMONES; ENZYMES AB (3S,4R,1'E)-3,4-Bis(1'-butenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanol (1) was synthesized from 1,3-butadiene and maleic anhydride by employing the HLADH-catalyzed enzymatic oxidation of meso-diol 2 as the key step, and shown to be identical with the pheromone produced by the dorsal abdominal glands of the male spined citrus bug (Biprorulus bibax). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MORI, K (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,DEPT AGR CHEM,YAYOI 1-1-1,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0170-2041 J9 LIEBIGS ANN CHEM PD NOV PY 1992 IS 11 BP 1185 EP 1190 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KD210 UT WOS:A1992KD21000014 ER PT J AU HAMOSH, M BITMAN, J AF HAMOSH, M BITMAN, J TI HUMAN-MILK IN DISEASE - LIPID-COMPOSITION SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON MILK LIPIDS, AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOC CY APR, 1990 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER OIL CHEM SOC ID LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE ACTIVITY; ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; BREAST-MILK; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ATOPIC ECZEMA; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; I HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA; BILIRUBIN CONJUGATION; STIMULATED LIPASE; PRETERM INFANTS AB Differences in the lipid composition of human milk have been described in maternal diseases known to affect fat metabolism. Diseases such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis, hypobetalipoproteinemia and Type I hyperlipoproteinemia affect the quantity and quality of human milk fat. Increased fatty acid chain elongation and changes in desaturation (especially DELTA6 desaturase), as well as changes in lipid class composition, have been shown in diabetes and cystic fibrosis, whereas compensatory increases in medium-chain fatty acids have been described in hypobetalipoproteinemia and Type I hyperlipoproteinemia. It is important to realize that these observations were made either on single women or on very small groups of women. In infant diseases, such as breast milk jaundice and ectopic eczema, changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal milk have been described. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAMOSH, M (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV DEV BIOL & NUTR,3800 RESERVOIR RD NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 10823, HD 20833] NR 90 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 11 BP 848 EP 857 DI 10.1007/BF02535863 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JZ528 UT WOS:A1992JZ52800006 PM 1491602 ER PT J AU SPEAR, ML BITMAN, J HAMOSH, M WOOD, DL GAVULA, D HAMOSH, P AF SPEAR, ML BITMAN, J HAMOSH, M WOOD, DL GAVULA, D HAMOSH, P TI HUMAN MAMMARY-GLAND FUNCTION AT THE ONSET OF LACTATION - MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON MILK LIPIDS, AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOC CY APR, 1990 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER OIL CHEM SOC ID HUMAN-MILK; GASTRIC LIPOLYSIS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; PRETERM INFANTS; SUCKLING RATS; ABSORPTION; TRIGLYCERIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; INITIATION; DIGESTION AB The onset of medium-chain fatty acid synthesis in the human mammary gland was investigated. Colostrum and serum were collected from 31 healthy women and the fatty acid composition of total lipid was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Although colostrum/serum ratios for most fatty acids range from 0.7-2.4, very low levels of 10:0 and 12:0 were present in serum lipids as compared to much higher concentrations of these fatty acids in colostrum lipids (colostrum/serum ratio 16.23 and 17.11 for 10:0 and 12:0, respectively). We have previously found that medium-chain fatty acid levels are very low in prepartum mammary secretions (6-10 wk before term delivery) but are higher and similar in colostrum of women who deliver preterm (3-14 wk) or at full term. The data indicate that parturition, irrespective of length of pregnancy, is the trigger for medium-chain fatty acid synthesis in the human mammary gland. C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. USDA ARS,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20704. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP SPEAR, ML (reprint author), MED CTR DELAWARE,CHRISTIANA HOSP,DIV NEONATOL,POB 6001,NEWARK,DE 19718, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-20833] NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 11 BP 908 EP 911 DI 10.1007/BF02535871 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JZ528 UT WOS:A1992JZ52800014 PM 1491609 ER PT J AU GRANFONE, A CAMPOS, H MCNAMARA, JR SCHAEFER, MM LAMONFAVA, S ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF GRANFONE, A CAMPOS, H MCNAMARA, JR SCHAEFER, MM LAMONFAVA, S ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL, DYSLIPIDEMIC WOMEN SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; BREAST-CANCER; CONJUGATED ESTROGENS; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; ARTERY DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; A-I C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35243] NR 49 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1193 EP 1198 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90008-X PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JZ273 UT WOS:A1992JZ27300008 PM 1435290 ER PT J AU MICALES, JA AF MICALES, JA TI PROTEINASES OF THE BROWN-ROT FUNGUS POSTIA-PLACENTA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AUTOLYSIS; BROWN ROT; NITROGEN METABOLISM; POSTIA-PLACENTA; PROTEINASES; WOOD DECAY ID BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGI; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; PROTEASES AB Proteinase formation by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta was studied to determine whether differences in proteolytic enzyme production could be correlated with the ability to decay wood. Strain MAD698, a standard test isolate of P. placenta, formed higher levels of proteinases in the presence of organic, rather than inorganic, nitrogen. Strain ME20, an atypical monokaryon that causes less than 5% weight loss in wood in standardized decay tests, produced elevated levels of proteinase in the presence of inorganic nitrogen. Strain ME20 was also able to metabolize nitrate, a nitrogen source not readily used by P. placenta. Proteinase production was associated with the autolytic phase of growth in both MAD698 and ME20 and was localized in the colony centers. The proteinases had acidic pH optima indicative of aspartic proteinases. The ability of an isolate to cause weight loss in wood may be related to its proteinase regulation and nitrogen metabolism. RP MICALES, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.2307/3760278 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KK464 UT WOS:A1992KK46400001 ER PT J AU VAKILI, NG AF VAKILI, NG TI SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN SPHAERONAEMELLA-HELVELLAE SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCETE; HETEROTHALLISM; MYCOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; NECTRIACEAE ID FUNGI; CORN AB Sphaeronaemella helvellae isolates were tested for mating type and the effect of substrate on compatibility and fecundity of compatible crosses. Single ascospore isolates were crossed in all combinations and their interactions analyzed. Crosses of single ascospore isolates, either in axenic culture or in association with host fungi, resulted in erratic production of perithecia. Crosses of single ascospore cultures produced perithecia in 50% of cultures when incubated on com meal agar amended with a Xanthomonas sp. The presence of the bacterium or its biologically sterile filtrate inhibited mycelial growth, reduced the time for perithecial initiation, and increased the quantity of perithecia produced by S. helvellae. Perithecial production in S. helvellae, a heterothallic mycopathogen, was conditioned by a single locus. In both field population and laboratory progenies of S. helvellae, one allele of the incompatibility locus was more frequent than the other. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP VAKILI, NG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 849 EP 856 DI 10.2307/3760282 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KK464 UT WOS:A1992KK46400005 ER PT J AU REILLY, JM AF REILLY, JM TI STATE OF THE WORLD - 1992 - BROWN,L SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP REILLY, JM (reprint author), MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM PD NOV PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB177 UT WOS:A1992KB17700009 ER PT J AU HUNT, JR MULLEN, LK LYKKEN, GI AF HUNT, JR MULLEN, LK LYKKEN, GI TI ZINC RETENTION FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL DIET BASED ON THE UNITED-STATES FDA TOTAL DIET STUDY SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC ABSORPTION; ZINC EXCRETION; GENDER; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES; BODY WEIGHT; FDA TOTAL DIET STUDY; HUMANS ID PROTEIN-SOURCE; WHOLE-WHEAT; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; METABOLISM; MEALS; ZN-65; MEN AB To investigate retention of Zn from U.S. diets, two research diets were developed using 200 foods which represent average intakes of 25-30 year-old U.S. men and women, respectively (FDA Total Diet Study). The women's diet contained 7.8 mg Zn (analyzed) and 1570 kcal (calculated) daily; the men's diet contained 14.0 mg Zn and 2545 kcal. The diets were consumed by 14 women and 14 men for nine weeks. Although the food lists were intended to represent typical intakes in the U.S., they did not provide sufficient energy for weight maintenance. Despite energy adjustments with sucrose, followed by a 10% increase in all foods, the women lost (mean +/- SD) 4.4 +/- 1.4 and the men, 4.0 +/- 1.7 kg. The entire 3-d menu was extrinsically labelled with Zn-65 during week 3. Zn retention was monitored by whole body scintillation counting. Oral contraceptives did not affect Zn retention. Women absorbed a larger proportion of Zn from their diet (29 +/- 8 vs 22 +/- 4%), but less total Zn (2.3 +/- 0.6 vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 mg), and retained the Zn with a shorter biological half-life (147 +/- 32 vs 182 +/- 32 d) than men. Men and women absorbed similar amounts of Zn per kg. Although the difference in body weight between men and women was less than the difference in dietary Zn, the women apparently compensated by absorbing Zn more efficiently. Approximately a quarter of the Zn in a representative U.S. diet was absorbed. RP HUNT, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1335 EP 1344 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80532-9 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JT565 UT WOS:A1992JT56500004 ER PT J AU DULIN, AM BIERI, JG SMITH, JC AF DULIN, AM BIERI, JG SMITH, JC TI COPPER DEFICIENCY FAILS TO AFFECT VITAMIN A STATUS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; VITAMIN-A; NUTRIENT INTERACTION; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY ID A METABOLISM; RETINOL; PLASMA; ZINC; TOCOPHEROL; NUTRITION; CAROTENE; PROTEIN AB The effect of dietary copper (Cu) deficiency on vitamin A status as measured by serum and liver vitamin A was examined. Weanling male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned by weight to one of four groups of 11-12 animals. Group 1 was fed a Cu deficient diet; Group 2, Cu supplemented, pair fed; Group 3 Cu supplemented, weight-matched to Group 1; Group 4 Cu supplemented, ad lib. All diets were supplemented with vitamin A (1,200 retinol equivalents/Kg). After six weeks, the animals were sacrificed and indices of Cu and vitamin A status measured. There was no significant difference for body weight gain or food intake among Groups 1, 2 and 3, eliminating these as variables. Copper deficiency was verified in Group 1 by significantly lowered hematocrit as well as lower serum, heart, and liver Cu concentrations. In addition, liver Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lowered, and cardiac hypertrophy was evident in the Cu deficient group. Serum and liver vitamin A concentrations did not differ significantly among all four groups. Total liver vitamin A content was not significantly different among the livers of rats fed the Cu deficient diet (Group 1), the Cu supplemented diet (pair-fed, Group 2) or Cu supplemented diet (weight-matched, Group 3). The results demonstrate that Cu deficiency does not affect vitamin A metabolism as assessed by serum and liver vitamin A concentrations, using rats as the model. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1365 EP 1372 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80535-4 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JT565 UT WOS:A1992JT56500007 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP TI DAUGHTER ION MASS-SPECTRA OF 11-PENTAFLUOROBENZYL ESTER DERIVATIVES OF 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE-B2 AND 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE-B3 SO ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) mass spectra of the [M - C6F5CH2.]- ions of 1-methyl ester-11-pentafluorobenzyl ester-9,12,15-tris(trimethylsilyl) and 9,12,15-tris(ethyldimethylsilyl) ether derivatives of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 are presented and discussed. The spectra are interpreted with the aid of those of a corresponding 3,3,4,4-tetradeutero compound and of an analogous derivative of 11-dehydrothromboxane B3. Proposed fragmentation pathways are based on internal consistency of data from all four compounds. The migration of a trimethylsilyl or an ethyldimethylsilyl group is the salient feature of all the CAD spectra. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0030-493X J9 ORG MASS SPECTROM JI Org. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1325 EP 1328 DI 10.1002/oms.1210271130 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JZ936 UT WOS:A1992JZ93600028 ER PT J AU BARTA, JR DUBEY, JP AF BARTA, JR DUBEY, JP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTI-NEOSPORA-CANINUM HYPERIMMUNE RABBIT SERUM BY WESTERN-BLOT-ANALYSIS AND IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DENSE GRANULES; PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE; HOST-CELL; INVASION; APICOMPLEXA; DOGS; PROTOZOA AB The antigens recognized by hyperimmune rabbit serum raised against tachyzoites of the NC-1 isolate of Neospora caninum were characterized using chemiluminescent Western blotting, immunogold-silver staining and immunoelectron microscopy. Approximately 20 immunodominant antigens whose relative rates of migration were 16-80 kDa were recognized by the serum in Western blots using reduced or nonreduced parasite antigen preparations. The nonreduced parasite antigens were more strongly recognized by the serum than were the reduced antigen preparations. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the rabbit-serum-labeled antigens were localized to some organelles of N. caninum tachyzoites and to the parasitophorous vacuole surrounding them. In particular, antigens found in the dense granules, in the micronemes, and in the posterior portion of the rhoptries were strongly labeled by an indirect immunogold-labeling technique C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BARTA, JR (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET COLL,DEPT PATHOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 17 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 78 IS 8 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1007/BF00931522 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KA333 UT WOS:A1992KA33300012 PM 1480607 ER PT J AU KASPERBAUER, MJ HUNT, PG AF KASPERBAUER, MJ HUNT, PG TI COTTON SEEDLING MORPHOGENIC RESPONSES TO FR/R RATIO REFLECTED FROM DIFFERENT COLORED SOILS AND SOIL COVERS SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAR-RED LIGHT; PHYTOCHROME; PERCEPTION; LEAVES; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; CANOPIES; TILLAGE; PLANTS; END AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings were morphologically responsive to red (R) and far-red (FR) light (low and high FR/R photon ratios, respectively) from time of emergence. Controlled environment R and FR treatments confirmed phytochrome involvement in biomass allocation among new leaf, stem and root growth. Seedlings that received the high FR/R photon ratio developed longer and heavier stems, leaves with lower specific weights, less massive roots and higher shoot/root biomass ratios. Other cotton seedlings were grown in sunlight over different colored soils or painted panels to measure morphological effects of FR/R photon ratio in upwardly reflected light. Morphological responses to a given FR/R ratio were the same whether the reflection was from natural soil or from a painted surface. Seedlings that received the higher FR/R photon ratios in upwardly reflected light developed longer stems, leaves with lower specific weights, less massive roots and higher shoot/root biomass ratios. The potential use of colored mulches in agriculture was discussed. RP KASPERBAUER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02205.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KU251 UT WOS:A1992KU25100003 ER PT J AU WHITELAM, GC MCCORMAC, AC BOYLAN, MT QUAIL, PH AF WHITELAM, GC MCCORMAC, AC BOYLAN, MT QUAIL, PH TI PHOTORESPONSES OF ARABIDOPSIS SEEDLINGS EXPRESSING AN INTRODUCED OAT PHYA CDNA - PERSISTENCE OF ETIOLATED PLANT TYPE RESPONSES IN LIGHT-GROWN PLANTS SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINAPIS-ALBA L; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION; PHYTOCHROME; FAMILY AB The photocontrol of hypocotyl elongation has been studied in etiolated and light-grown wild type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh) seedlings, and in two homozygous isogenic lines that have been transformed with the oat phyA gene coding sequence under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. For etiolated seedlings the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by continuous broad band far-red light (FR) is saturated at much lower photon fluence rates in the transgenic seedlings compared with WT seedlings. Furthermore, whereas de-etiolation of WT seedlings leads to loss of responsiveness of the hypocotyls to prolonged FR, de-etiolated transgenic seedlings continue to show a pronounced FR-mediated inhibition of elongation. This may reflect the persistence of a FR-high irradiance response (HIR) mediated by the introduced oat phytochrome A. Although the hypocotyls of light-grown transgenic seedlings display a qualitatively-normal end-of-day FR growth promotion, such seedlings display an aberrant shade-avoidance response to reduced red:far-red ratio (R:FR). These results are discussed in relation to the proposal that the constitutive expression of phytochrome A leads to the persistence of photoresponse modes normally restricted to etiolated plants. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WHITELAM, GC (reprint author), UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT BOT,UNIV RD,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02211.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KU251 UT WOS:A1992KU25100009 ER PT J AU ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ AF ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ TI SPECTRAL QUALITY OF 2 FLUORESCENT UV SOURCES DURING LONG-TERM USE SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IRRADIANCE AB The characteristics of a fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) lamp (UVB-313), UV-B transmitting cellulose diacetate (CA) and UV-B absorbing polyester (PE) films were determined during actual use. Although lamp emission was stable between 70 and 386 h of burn time (longer times were not investigated), the absorbance of UV-B and UV-A radiation by CA and PE films, respectively, increased with time when wrapped around lamps. As a result, the irradiance of lamp/filter combinations decreased steadily (even when CA films were presolarized for 10 h), making it necessary to compensate by adjusting the height of the lamp bank or by changing filters frequently. Note that corrective action is required for UV-A controls (PE films) as well as UV-B experimental treatments (CA films). Changing filters is preferable, since aging of CA filters caused shifts in the ratio of UV-B to UV-A. However, in spite of these shifts, the normalized spectrum of weighted biologically effective UV-B radiation did not change to a large extent. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 046A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Strid, Ake/E-5309-2012 OI Strid, Ake/0000-0003-3315-8835 NR 11 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 641 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02215.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KU251 UT WOS:A1992KU25100013 ER PT J AU ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ AF ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ TI AMELIORATION OF UV-B DAMAGE UNDER HIGH IRRADIANCE .1. ROLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; PETROSELINUM-HORTENSE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RADIATION; LIGHT; PLANTS; PHYTOCHROME; SENSITIVITY; ACCLIMATION AB Sensitivity to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm) is generally reduced when background irradiance is high. We tested the involvement of photosynthesis in the amelioration of UV-B damage by treating plants at high PAR (photosynthetically-active radiation. 400-700 nm; 1000 mumol m-2 s-1) with supplemental UV-B at double ambient levels of biologically-effective radiation (18 kJ m-2 d-1) and either ''ambient'' (450 mumol mol-1) or short term elevated (750 mumol mol-1) CO2 levels. Responses to UV-B were assessed by photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf expansion and production of UV-absorbing compounds (presumptive flavonoids) in cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) previously demonstrated to be relatively sensitive (cv. Poinsett) and insensitive (cv. Ashley) to UV-B. Except for marginal leaf interveinal chlorosis observed in Poinsett, both cultivars responded similarly. UV-B had little direct effect on leaf photosynthesis, but it did cause reductions in leaf area and corresponding increases in leaf dry matter per area. Increased CO2 stimulated plant growth, counteracting the effect of UV-B on leaf growth and indicating an important role for photosynthesis. In contrast, the accumulation of UV-absorbing flavonoid compounds was enhanced by UV-B exposure but was not affected by CO2 enrichment. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 046A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 645 EP 650 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02216.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KU251 UT WOS:A1992KU25100014 ER PT J AU KASPERBAUER, MJ AF KASPERBAUER, MJ TI PHYTOCHROME REGULATION OF MORPHOGENESIS IN GREEN PLANTS - FROM THE BELTSVILLE SPECTROGRAPH TO COLORED MULCH IN THE FIELD SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAR-RED-LIGHT; LEAVES; END; ENVIRONMENT; GRADIENTS; CANOPIES; GROWTH; TISSUE AB Development of the theory and use of photon ratios reflected from colored mulches to regulate plant morphogenesis in the field utilized information obtained on the Beltsville Spectrograph, in controlled environments and in field plant spacing studies. An upwardly reflected far-red to red (FR/R) ratio higher than the ratio in incoming sunlight resulted in larger shoots and a higher shoot/root biomass ratio. A reflected FR/R ratio lower than the ratio in incoming sunlight resulted in larger roots and a lower shoot/root biomass ratio. RP KASPERBAUER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 823 EP 832 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02239.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KU251 UT WOS:A1992KU25100037 ER PT J AU VANDERWOUDE, WJ BRITZ, SJ AF VANDERWOUDE, WJ BRITZ, SJ TI PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS IN PLANTS - INTRODUCTION SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP VANDERWOUDE, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP R7 EP R8 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02203.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KU251 UT WOS:A1992KU25100001 ER PT J AU BANOWETZ, GM AF BANOWETZ, GM TI THE EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS CYTOKININ CONTENT ON BENZYLADENINE-ENHANCED NITRATE REDUCTASE INDUCTION SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CYTOKININ; HPLC; IMMUNOASSAY; NITRATE REDUCTASE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ZEATIN RIBOSIDE; LIGHT; PLANT; EXPRESSION; SEEDLINGS; LEAVES AB Foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) has been shown to enhance nitrate-dependent induction of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) in etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Whether similar enhancement occurs in light-grown plants, or whether endogenous cytokinin content affects this enhancement is unknown. Since the cytokinin content of etiolated plants probably differs from that of light-grown seedlings, the NR response of each to exogenous root- or shoot-applied BA in wheat (cv. Red Bob) was examined. Endogenous cytokinins present in untreated control tissues prior to BA application and changes that occurred after a 22 h (12 h dark followed by 10 h of light) period were determined using a combined HPLC-immunoassay method. Shoot application of BA enhanced the induction of NR in etiolated seedlings in a concentration-dependent manner but failed to enhance NR induction in light-grown plants. Root-applied BA enhanced NR induction in both etiolated and light-grown seedlings. Endogenous root cytokinin levels were similar in both etiolated and light-grown plants. In contrast, shoots of 6 day-old light-grown seedlings contained at least 20 times the amount of total cytokinins measured in shoots from etiolated plants of the same age. Total cytokinin content of the light-grown plants diminished after the 22-h period while that measured in etiolated seedlings increased. The responsiveness of seedlings to BA was correlated with endogenous cytokinin levels in that enhancement of NR induction by exogenous BA was low in tissues which contained high concentrations of cytokinin at the time of BA application. These results may prove useful in interpretation of gene responses to exogenous plant growth regulators. RP BANOWETZ, GM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 86 IS 3 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.860301.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KA479 UT WOS:A1992KA47900001 ER PT J AU ESKINS, K AF ESKINS, K TI LIGHT-QUALITY EFFECTS ON ARABIDOPSIS DEVELOPMENT - RED, BLUE AND FAR-RED REGULATION OF FLOWERING AND MORPHOLOGY SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BLUE-LIGHT RECEPTOR; FLOWERING; IRRADIANCE; LIGHT QUALITY; MORPHOLOGY; PHYTOCHROME ID PHOTOPERIODIC INDUCTION; HARVESTING COMPLEX; MESSENGER-RNA; PHOTOSYSTEM; THRESHOLD; THALIANA; PIGMENTS; PROTEINS; MUTANTS AB Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, race Columbia plants were grown in red, blue, red + far-red, blue + far-red and various light mixtures of red + blue + far-red light under 14 h light/10 h dark photoperiods. Each single light source and light mixture maintained a constant irradiance (50 mumol m-2 s-1) and the mixtures of red + blue + far-red maintained a constant ratio of red/far-red light, but varied in the ratio of blue to red + far-red light. Depending on the method used for calculation, values of the fraction of phytochrome in the far-red absorbing form (P(fr)/P(tot)) for these light mixtures were either constant or decreased slightly with increasing percentage of blue light in the mixtures. Arabidopsis flowered early (20 days) in blue, blue + far-red and red + far-red light and late (55 days) in red light. In mixtures of red + blue + far-red light, each of which established a nearly constant P(fr)/P(tot), flowering was in direct relation to time and irradiance level of blue light. Leaf area and petiole length were also correlated with blue light irradiance levels. RP ESKINS, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 30 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 86 IS 3 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.860314.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KA479 UT WOS:A1992KA47900014 ER PT J AU OHTA, H BERHOW, M BENNETT, RD HASEGAWA, S AF OHTA, H BERHOW, M BENNETT, RD HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOIDS IN SEEDS OF CITRUS-HANAJU SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-HANAJU; LIMONOIDS; LIMONOID 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDES ID GLUCOSIDES; JUNOS AB The amounts of limonoids and their glucoside derivatives present in seeds of Citrus hanaju hort. ex. Shirai were determined. The seeds contained deacetylnomilin, limonin, nomilin and obacunone in order of decreasing concentration. They also contained the 17-beta-D-glucopyranosides of deacetylnomilin, deacetylnomilinic acid, obacunone, ichangin, isolimonic acid, nomilinic acid and nomilin. Although C. hanaju has been classified in the group of cultivars related to C. ichangensis, the seeds did not possess ichangensin or its glucoside derivative, which are unique to C. ichangensis and its hybrids. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP OHTA, H (reprint author), MINIST AGR FORESTRY & FISHERIES JAPAN,CHUGOKU NATL AGR EXPT STN,FUKUYAMA,HIROSHIMA 721,JAPAN. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 1992 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3905 EP 3907 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97551-4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JX725 UT WOS:A1992JX72500046 ER PT J AU TRAPEROCASAS, A KAISER, WJ AF TRAPEROCASAS, A KAISER, WJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF DIDYMELLA-RABIEI, THE TELEOMORPH OF ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI, ON CHICKPEA STRAW SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CICER-ARIETINUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The teleomorph of Ascochyta rabiei was induced to develop and mature on artificially infested chickpea straw. High moisture and low temperature (5-10 C) were the major factors required for pseudothecial development and maturation. At 8 C, pseudothecia developed and matured in about 8 wk. Morphological characteristics of pseudothecia, asci, and ascospores confirmed the identification as Didymella rabiei rather than Mycosphaerella rabiei. The fungus is heterothallic, and the two mating types have been referred to as MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Under field conditions in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest, the teleomorph developed extensively on overwintered chickpea crop residues that remained on the soil surface. Pseudothecia appeared in early fall, matured during the fall and winter, produced ascospores during the spring, and were almost completely exhausted of ascospores by the beginning of the summer. The estimate of ascospore production by highly infested chickpea crop residues was about 15,000 ascospores per square millimeter of tissue surface. Most ascospores were discharged from the beginning of March to the end of May. The discharge period overlapped with the vegetative stage of the chickpea crop, indicating that ascospores may serve as primary inoculum for epidemics of Ascochyta blight in the Palouse region. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,WESTERN REG INTRODUCT STN,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1261 EP 1266 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW512 UT WOS:A1992JW51200001 ER PT J AU EVERTS, KL LEATH, S AF EVERTS, KL LEATH, S TI EFFECT OF EARLY SEASON POWDERY MILDEW ON DEVELOPMENT, SURVIVAL, AND YIELD CONTRIBUTION OF TILLERS OF WINTER-WHEAT SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIADIMENOL SEED TREATMENT; SPRING BARLEY; DISEASE SEVERITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; GRAIN-YIELD; LEAF RUST; CULTIVARS; FUNGICIDE; GROWTH AB The formation, survival, and development of primary and secondary tillers of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) are influenced by stresses the plant encounters during its growth. Three and two cultivars of winter wheat were planted near Clayton, North Carolina, in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Levels of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) were established by triadimenol seed treatment and presence or absence of rows of susceptible wheat inoculated with powdery mildew. Presence of primary and secondary tillers was determined four times during the growing season, and the contribution of each tiller to yield was assessed at harvest. There were positive correlations between the presence of some tillers and the amount of powdery mildew previously present in a plot both years of the study. In the 1989-1990 and 1990-1991 seasons, there was a delay in tiller initiation where seed had been treated with triadimenol. However, tillers of plants treated with triadimenol were more likely to survive to harvest and produce heads. Yield increased on all cultivars in both years when wheat was grown from triadimenol-treated seeds and decreased when plots were bordered by rows of wheat susceptible to powdery mildew. Increased yields were associated with reduced tiller initiation and increased survival of primary and secondary tillers. Kernel weight in 1989-1990 and kernel number in 1990-1991 also contributed to increased yields. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1273 EP 1278 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1273 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW512 UT WOS:A1992JW51200003 ER PT J AU UENG, PP BERGSTROM, GC SLAY, RM GEIGER, EA SHANER, G SCHAREN, AL AF UENG, PP BERGSTROM, GC SLAY, RM GEIGER, EA SHANER, G SCHAREN, AL TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN THE WHEAT GLUME BLOTCH FUNGUS, PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPTOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM ID ANAMORPH-SEPTORIA-TRITICI; LEPTOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; VIRULENCE; BARLEY; CULTIVARS; SEQUENCES; FREQUENCY; RFLP AB To develop genetic markers in the fungus Phaeosphaeria nodorum, incitant of leaf and glume blotch of cereals and grasses, genomic DNA from 11 geographically diverse isolates from wheat was used to compare restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). An isolate from winter wheat in Cayuga County, New York, was used to construct genomic clones, of which 56 were randomly chosen as probes. Twenty-two of the probes produced unique hybridization patterns with the 11 isolates. RFLP loci exhibited one (13 probes), two (seven probes), three (one probe), or four (one probe) fragment length variants. The isolates could be differentiated by hybridization with a combination of as few as two probes. Our results suggest that DNA fingerprinting may be a useful method for assessing the amount and distribution over space and time of genetic variation in populations of P. nodorum as well as for following the fate of introduced 'marked' isolates in epidemiological studies. RFLPs may also have utility in developing genetic maps of P. nodorum for virulence and other traits. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP UENG, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1302 EP 1305 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1302 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW512 UT WOS:A1992JW51200008 ER PT J AU BUI, PT JENNS, AE SCHNEIDER, SM DAUB, ME AF BUI, PT JENNS, AE SCHNEIDER, SM DAUB, ME TI RESISTANCE TO TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS AND MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA IN FUSION HYBRIDS BETWEEN NICOTIANA-TABACUM AND AN NICOTIANA-REPANDA X NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS HYBRID SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ROOT KNOT; SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSFORMATION ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; HYBRIDIZATION; SELECTION; WILLD; TRANSFORMATION; CROSSES; CULTURE AB Nicotiana repanda has resistance to many important tobacco diseases, but no tobacco cultivars are currently available that carry resistance genes derived from this species. In order to transfer resistance genes into cultivated tobacco (N. tabacum), N. repanda was first hybridized with N. sylvestris, a species that is cross-compatible with both N. tabacum and N. repanda. This N. repanda X N. sylvestris (R X S) hybrid was then hybridized with N. tabacum cv. NC2326 by protoplast fusion. Parental lines were transformed for resistance to two antibiotics, hygromycin or kanamycin, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation vectors. Fused protoplasts were selected by their ability to grow and regenerate on medium containing both antibiotics. No fusion calli were recovered from 15 different fusion experiments between NC2326 and the R X S hybrid, but calli were recovered from six of 63 fusion experiments when NC2326 was fused with a chromosome-doubled R X S hybrid. Calli appeared 4-6 mo after fusion, compared to the 8-12 wk required to obtain fusion calli between two sexually compatible N. tabacum cultivars, NC2326 and Burley 21. To date, rooted plants have only been obtained from one fusion experiment; these were designated as E fusion hybrids. A total of 69 of these fusion hybrids were established in the greenhouse 17-24 mo after fusion. All resembled NC2326 in morphology, but all had resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) derived from the R X S hybrid parent. Of 12 fusion hybrids analyzed for isozyme patterns of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, all demonstrated hybrid isozyme patterns. All 69 plants flowered and were male sterile, and all were successfully backcrossed to NC2326. To date, BC1F1 plants of 27 of the 69 E fusion hybrids have been analyzed for resistance to TMV and race 2 of Meloidogyne arenaria. Only 25 of 270 BC1F1 plants tested showed increased resistance to M. arenaria, four of which had resistance equivalent to that of the R X S hybrid. By contrast, 164 of 226 BC1F1 plants had resistance to TMV. BC1F1 plants also segregated for morphological traits. BC1F1 plants were again male sterile, but were successfully backcrossed to NC2326. The efficiency of the dual antibiotic selection system for selection of fusion hybrids in vitro is also reported. C1 USDA ARS,OXFORD,NC 27565. RP BUI, PT (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1310 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1305 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW512 UT WOS:A1992JW51200009 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, JH GOTTWALD, TR RILEY, TD ACHOR, D AF GRAHAM, JH GOTTWALD, TR RILEY, TD ACHOR, D TI PENETRATION THROUGH LEAF STOMATA AND GROWTH OF STRAINS OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS IN CITRUS CULTIVARS VARYING IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL DISEASES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STOMATAL INOCULATION APPARATUS ID FLORIDA; SPOT; AGGRESSIVENESS AB Leaf stomata and the pressures required to effect water congestion of tissue and bacterial penetration and growth in leaves were compared for selected cultivars of citrus species and relatives that vary in susceptibility to Asiatic citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri and X. c. pv. citrumelo, respectively. The differences among cultivars in structure and density of stomata on leaves expanded by two thirds (most susceptible stage to infection) and leaves fully expanded (least susceptible) were not related to previously reported susceptibility to citrus canker. Leaves, two-thirds expanded, of citrus cultivars were inoculated with X. c. citri or X. c. citrumelo after pretreatment at three impact pressures to yield incipient water congestion of tissue, full congestion, and congestion with damage to the epidermis. The number of lesions of citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot increased with degree of water congestion, but there was no interaction among cultivars with impact pressure. The number of bacteria that penetrated and the growth of either X. c. citri or X. c. citrumelo in leaves did not vary significantly among cultivars from 5 to 48 h. Populations continued to increase up to 168 h in citrus cultivars susceptible to citrus canker and in trifoliate orange and its hybrids susceptible to citrus bacterial spot. After 48-72 h, populations of X. c. citri were significantly lower in Cleopatra mandarin and in trifoliate orange, which are moderately resistant to citrus canker, and growth of X. c. citrumelo ceased in citrus species that are highly resistant to citrus bacterial spot. The number of bacteria recovered from within the infiltrated area at 5 h corresponded with the number of lesions of citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot at 168 h, suggesting that individual lesions developed from infections of stomata. In susceptible cultivars, lesion development was often correlated with bacterial populations at 168 h, but these factors were not correlated in cultivars resistant to citrus bacterial spot. Thus, resistance of citrus leaf tissue was expressed not as reduction in the number of bacteria that penetrated through stomata, but as a reduction in bacterial growth after 72 h. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP GRAHAM, JH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,IFAS,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1319 EP 1325 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1319 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW512 UT WOS:A1992JW51200011 ER PT J AU JANISIEWICZ, WJ USALL, J BORS, B AF JANISIEWICZ, WJ USALL, J BORS, B TI NUTRITIONAL ENHANCEMENT OF BIOCONTROL OF BLUE MOLD ON APPLES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POSTHARVEST; POME FRUITS; STORAGE ID COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; COMPETITION; NUTRIENTS; DISEASES; LEAVES AB Thirty-six carbohydrates and twenty-three nitrogenous compounds were evaluated for their effect on germination, and germ tube and radial growth of the pathogen Penicillium expansum, and for stimulation of growth of an antagonist Pseudomonas syringae (strain L-59-66). Compounds that strongly stimulated growth of the antagonist but had little or no stimulatory effect on germination and growth of the pathogen were evaluated for their effect on enhancing biocontrol of blue mold on ripe Golden Delicious apple. Seven amino acids and two carbohydrates met the required criteria. myo-Inositol and L-arabinose at 50 mug/ml had no effect and at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12.8 mg/nil actually reduced biocontrol. L-Asparagine and L-proline greatly enhanced biocontrol at concentrations of 20 and 80 mM. Enhancement effects were strongest at the highest concentrations of the antagonist (1.7 and 5.4 X 10(8) du/ml). Both amino acids enhanced the population of the antagonist on fruit by more than one order of magnitude. Thus, nutrients can be used to enhance antagonist population size and the resulting biocontrol of blue mold on ripe apple. Both amino acids strongly stimulated germination of P. expansum but had little effect on radial growth, indicating that inhibition of the mycelial phase of fungal development is the most important factor in this biocontrol system. RP JANISIEWICZ, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 25 TC 75 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1364 EP 1370 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1364 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW512 UT WOS:A1992JW51200019 ER PT J AU GORMAN, DP KANG, MS CLEVELAND, T HUTCHINSON, RL AF GORMAN, DP KANG, MS CLEVELAND, T HUTCHINSON, RL TI COMBINING ABILITY FOR RESISTANCE TO FIELD AFLATOXIN ACCUMULATION IN MAIZE GRAIN SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS; ASPERGILLUS SPP; LFY GENE; AFLATOXIN; RESISTANCE; BREEDING ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; EAR RESISTANCE; CONTAMINATION; CORN; HYBRIDS; KERNELS; INBREDS AB Previous genetic studies on resistance to aflatoxin production in maize (Zea mays L.) only used a limited amount of germplasm. The objective of this study was to determine general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for resistance to preharvest aflatoxin accumulation in grain, utilizing A619 Lfy syn, A632 Lfy syn, B73 Lfy syn, Hy Lfy syn, Mo17 Lfy syn, Wf9 Lfy syn, and 914 Lfy syn. We evaluated 21 F1 crosses (diallel) for aflatoxin accumulation in grain in three environments. Twenty-one days after mid-silk, ears were slash-inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus (Speare). Samples were analyzed for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. Significant differences for aflatoxin accumulation were detected among environments, with the environment that experienced drought stress showing the highest concentration for all four aflatoxins. The GCA and crosses mean squares were not significant for any aflatoxin and the SCA mean square was significant (P = 0.1) only for aflatoxin G2. Relatively small quantities of aflatoxin accumulation on, and nonsignificant differences among the 21 F1 crosses might be indicative of their inherently high resistance levels. The SCA sums of squares constituted two thirds or more of crosses sums of squares, which indicated a preponderance of dominance and/or epistatic effects for aflatoxin accumulation. The Hy Lfy syn GCA effect tended to increase aflatoxin B1, and Wf9 Lfy syn tended to reduce aflatoxin accumulation as it showed a significant (P = 0.1), negative GCA effect for aflatoxin G1. The F1 cross Wf9 Lfy syn X 914 Lfy syn showed significant, negative SCA effect for aflatoxins B1 and G1, whereas A619 Lfy syn X 914 Lfy syn and Mol7 Lfy syn x Wf9 Lfy syn tended to increase one or more aflatoxins. For aflatoxin B2, a significant environments (E) X crosses (O) interaction was largely due to E x GCA interaction, which, in turn, was due to an interaction of the B73 Lfy syn GCA effect with E. This interaction effect tended to reduce aflatoxin B2. The E X C interaction for aflatoxin G2 was due to both E x GCA and E x SCA interactions. B73 Lfy syn GCA X E tended to reduce aflatoxin G2 and Mol7 Lfy syn GCA X E tended to increase aflatoxin G2. Additive genetic correlations based on GCA effects among the four aflatoxins were significant (0.76 to 0.96), except the correlation between aflatoxins B1 and G2 (0.43), suggesting that, in general, increasing resistance to one toxin may lead to resistance to the other three toxins. C1 NORTHEAST RES STN,MACON RIDGE BRANCH,WINNSBORO,LA 71295. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP GORMAN, DP (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 109 IS 4 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00188.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KG308 UT WOS:A1992KG30800005 ER PT J AU CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, RL AF CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, RL TI DNA PROBES AS MOLECULAR MARKERS TO MONITOR THE SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF WALNUT WITCHES-BROOM MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLASMID DNA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DISEASE; STRAINS AB A rapid and sensitive method was developed to monitor the occurrence of walnut witches'-broom (WWB) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) in infected walnut (Juglans nigra) trees. Walnut leaf tissues from both asymptomatic and symptomatic trees were collected monthly during the growing seasons of 1990 and 1991 and freeze-dried. Southern blots of CTAB-extracted DNA without endonuclease digestion were used for hybridization with P-32-labeled chromosomal and extrachromosomal WWB MLO DNA probes. The presence of WWB MLO DNA was detected in DNA extracts from a single tree at least 1 mo prior to the seasonal appearance of WWB symptoms when extrachromosomal DNA probes, but not chromosomal DNA probes, were used. Also, hybridization results and observation of symptom development indicate that WWB MLO may not be uniformly distributed within infected walnut trees. Results from two-dimensional electrophoresis experiments suggested that there were two double-stranded, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules, approximately 5 and 1.5 kb. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT INTRODUCT,USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP CHEN, J (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1116 EP 1119 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU928 UT WOS:A1992JU92800010 ER PT J AU CROSSLIN, JM HAMMOND, RW HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF CROSSLIN, JM HAMMOND, RW HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI DETECTION OF PRUNUS NECROTIC RINGSPOT VIRUS SEROTYPES IN HERBACEOUS AND PRUNUS HOSTS WITH A COMPLEMENTARY RNA PROBE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE RIBOPROBE ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOSAIC-VIRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; WASHINGTON; TREES; COMPONENTS; DISEASE AB Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) prepared from genomic RNA of a peach isolate of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) were used to produce a P-32-labeled complementary RNA (cRNA) probe that was capable of detecting PNRSV in tissue extracts. RNA transcripts of an 800 bp cDNA fragment inserted into plasmid pGEM-7Zf(+) were obtained using SP6 and T7 RNA polymerases. Dot-blot hybridizations using radiolabeled SP6 transcripts were compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of PNRSV serotypes in peach, cherry, and herbaceous hosts. In most tissues the limits of detection of PNRSV were similar with ELISA and cRNA hybridization. However, PNRSV serotype CH30 reacted poorly in ELISA but was readily detected by the cRNA probe. The probe did not detect prune dwarf, apple mosaic, or tobacco streak ilarviruses or a virus isolated from hops previously considered to be PNRSV. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1132 EP 1136 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU928 UT WOS:A1992JU92800013 ER PT J AU DAMSTEEGT, VD GILDOW, FE HEWINGS, AD CARROLL, TW AF DAMSTEEGT, VD GILDOW, FE HEWINGS, AD CARROLL, TW TI A CLONE OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (DIURAPHIS-NOXIA) AS A VECTOR OF THE BARLEY YELLOW DWARF, BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC, AND BROME MOSAIC-VIRUSES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA AB When Diuraphis noxia were given acquisition access feedings on plants infected with single isolates of the five strains of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and then confined on oats or barley test plants for inoculation, none of 643 plants became infected. When D. noxia were placed on barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-infected plants and subsequently confined on barley test seedlings, none of 165 plants became infected. Only three of 302 barley seedlings developed symptoms typical of brome mosaic virus (BMV) infection following inoculation access feedings by aphids previously fed on BMV-infected sources. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed 19 of these plants were positive for BMV, suggesting symptomless infections. When D. noxia were fed on barley doubly infected with BSMV and BMV, little difference in transmission efficiency was observed. No transmission of BSMV occurred, and only one of 88 plants became infected with BMV. When aphids were given acquisition access feedings on barley doubly infected with the PAV isolate of BYDV and BMV, three of 301 test plants became infected with PAV and one with BMV. When D. noxia were exposed to the Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) while feeding on plants infected with BYDV-PAV and BMV, 19 of 229 test plants became infected with PAV. Ultrastructural studies indicated that D. noxia exposed to RhPV by feeding on virus-contaminated plants or on virus-sucrose solutions through membranes acquired the virus and developed typical cytopathological symptoms. When all transmissions from all experiments were combined, D. noxia at densities of up to 50 aphids per plant transmitted BMV to 2.5% and BYDV-PAV to 2.8% of all plants infested with RhPV. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP DAMSTEEGT, VD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1155 EP 1160 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU928 UT WOS:A1992JU92800019 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP HANNA, WW AF WILSON, JP HANNA, WW TI DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WILD PENNISETUM SPECIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PEARL-MILLET LANDRACES; CENTRAL BURKINA FASO; GENE POOL; DIVERSITY; GLAUCUM AB Ninety-eight accessions of wild Pennisetum glaucum from the primary gene pool (1-degrees Pennisetums) and 27 species from the tertiary gene pool (3-degrees Pennisetums) of P. glaucum were evaluated for disease resistance. The 1-degrees Pennisetums were also evaluated for morphologic traits to further differentiate the accessions. The 1-degrees Pennisetums were evaluated for resistance to Pyricularia grisea, Puccinia substriata var. indica, and Moesziomyces penicillariae and also for height, diameter of the fifth internode, number of nodes, heading date, and panicle length and morphology. Species in the 3-degrees gene pool were evaluated for resistance to P. s. indica, Pyricularia grisea, Bipolaris setariae, Drechslera dematioidea, Phyllosticta penicillariae, and Exserohilum rostratum. Within the 1-degrees Pennisetums, frequencies of plants resistant to Pyricularia grisea and P. s. indica averaged 90.5 and 29.8%, respectively. Smut severities averaged 3.8%. Twenty-two accessions with characteristics of the subspecies stenostachyum tended to have greater frequencies of rust-resistant plants. Forty-six accessions with characteristics of the subspecies monodii were more smut-resistant. The 3-degrees Pennisetums were immune to P. s. indica. On the basis of reactions to the leaf blighting fungi, the 3-degrees species were clustered into two groups, one with relatively high levels of resistance to the five pathogens and the other with less effective resistance. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,FORAGE & TURF UNIT,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1171 EP 1175 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU928 UT WOS:A1992JU92800023 ER PT J AU PINKERTON, JN JOHNSON, KB THEILING, KM GRIESBACH, JA AF PINKERTON, JN JOHNSON, KB THEILING, KM GRIESBACH, JA TI DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT EPIDEMIC IN WESTERN OREGON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB In October of 1986, eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by Anisogramma anomala, was found in a hazelnut (Corylus avellana) orchard located in Oregon's Willamette Valley. This was the first detection of EFB within Oregon's principal hazelnut production area. Hazelnut plantings in nine Willamette Valley counties were surveyed in fall and winter during 1986 1990 to determine the prevalence and distribution of the disease. EFB was found at 326 of the 1,207 survey sites. Disease incidence and severity were greatest in the northeastern Willamette Valley. Currently, 30% of Oregon's hazelnut plantings are affected or in proximity to diseased plantings. An apparent focus of disease was centered 25 km southeast of the location where FFB was first found in Washington State in 1970. Affected orchards were found up to 20 km south and 50 km west of the focus, but disease incidence and severity decreased with distance from the focal center. Patterns of disease distribution within orchards indicate that most local spread of disease occurs to the north and northeast, which is the direction of the prevailing winds that accompany spring rains. It is likely that these meteorologic conditions have slowed dispersal of rain-disseminated ascospores to orchards located south of the infected area. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON DEPT AGR,SALEM,OR 97301. RP PINKERTON, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1179 EP 1182 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU928 UT WOS:A1992JU92800025 ER PT J AU PORTER, DM TABER, RA AF PORTER, DM TABER, RA TI 1ST REPORT IN VIRGINIA OF DICYMA-PULVINATA COLONIZING CERCOSPORIDIUM-PERSONATUM, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF LATE LEAF-SPOT OF PEANUT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP PORTER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIDEWATER AGR EXPT STN,SUFFOLK,VA 23437, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1185 EP 1185 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU928 UT WOS:A1992JU92800028 ER PT J AU KUBIK, MP BUTA, JG WANG, CY AF KUBIK, MP BUTA, JG WANG, CY TI CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF ABSCISIC-ACID AND ITS METABOLITES RESULTING FROM CHILLING OF TOMATO FRUITS SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ABSCISIC ACID; CHILLING; DIHYDROPHASEIC ACID; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; PHASEIC ACID; TOMATO ID DIHYDROPHASEIC ACID AB The 6,6,6-[H-2]-analogues of abscisic acid (ABA), phaseic (PA) and dihydrophaseic (DPA) acids were used in GC-MS-SIM determination of free and total alkali hydrolyzable ABA, PA and DPA in the pericarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Pik Red) fruit. Determinations were made on breaker-stage fruit stored 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks at 2.5-degrees-C or at 10-degrees-C, and after subsequent ripening for 1 week in darkness at 20-degrees-C. Two-fold increases in levels of ABA occurred after storage at low temperatures with a slightly but significantly greater increase in ABA level occurring with 2.5-degrees-C storage. These increases in ABA levels were not associated with the appearance of damage symptoms that occurred with storage at the chilling temperature (2.5-degrees-C). Differences in ABA metabolism were found resulting from storage at the two temperatures, 2.5 or 10-degrees-C. Significantly greater DPA levels were found after 10-degrees-C storage than after 2.5-degrees-C storage (2 weeks). Levels of ABA ester-conjugates increased with 20-degrees-C ripening only after 10-degrees-C storage while free ABA levels decreased after both storage temperature conditions. Levels of DPA conjugates also increased only after 20-degrees-C ripening following 10-degrees-C storage. A longer period of storage resulted in decreases of free DPA levels after 10-degrees-C storage but increased DPA levels were found after 2.5-degrees-C storage. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1007/BF00130652 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KA618 UT WOS:A1992KA61800013 ER PT J AU SANKHLA, N UPADHYAYA, A DAVIS, TD SANKHLA, D AF SANKHLA, N UPADHYAYA, A DAVIS, TD SANKHLA, D TI HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-SCAVENGING ENZYMES AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN ECHINOCHLOA-FRUMENTACEA AS AFFECTED BY TRIAZOLE GROWTH-REGULATORS SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Note DE ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; DEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; MONODEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE; PACLOBUTRAZOL; UNICONAZOLE ID GLUTATHIONE; PLANTS AB Paclobutrazol (PBZ)- and uniconazole (UCZ)-treated plants of Echinochloa frumentacea were shorter but had much wider leaves than untreated controls 10 days after treatment. Leaves of treated plants had a slightly higher concentration of soluble protein than the controls and exhibited enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate (MDHA) reductase, and glutathione (GSH) reductase. The triazoles did not influence the activity of dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase. The leaves of treated plants had increased concentrations of water-soluble sulfhydryls and ascorbic acid. In contrast, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a by-product of lipid peroxidation, was lower in the leaves of treated plants than in controls. These results suggest that triazole growth regulators increased the activity of the endogenous H2O2-scavenging system in E. frumentacea. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR RES & EXTENS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,17360 COIT RD,DALLAS,TX 75252. USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1007/BF00130654 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KA618 UT WOS:A1992KA61800015 ER PT J AU PATHIRANA, SM VANCE, CP MILLER, SS GANTT, JS AF PATHIRANA, SM VANCE, CP MILLER, SS GANTT, JS TI ALFALFA ROOT NODULE PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE - CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CDNA AND EXPRESSION IN EFFECTIVE AND PLANT-CONTROLLED INEFFECTIVE NODULES SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; GENE REGULATION; NODULIN; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; ROOT NODULE DEVELOPMENT ID TRANSGENIC LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; CYTOSOLIC GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; GENE-FAMILY; REGULATED EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MESSENGER-RNA; CO2 FIXATION; MAIZE AB Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays a key role in N2 fixation and ammonia assimilation in legume root nodules. The enzyme can comprise up to 2% of the soluble protein in root nodules. We report here the isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the nodule-enhanced form of PEPC. Initially, a 2945 bp partial-length cDNA was selected by screening an effective alfalfa nodule cDNA library with antibodies prepared against root nodule PEPC. The nucleotide sequence encoding the N-terminal region of the protein was obtained by primer-extension cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification. The complete amino acid sequence of alfalfa PEPC was deduced from these cDNA sequences and shown to bear striking similarity to other plant PEPCs. Southern blots of alfalfa genomic DNA indicate that nodule PEPC is a member of a small gene family. During the development of effective root nodules, nodule PEPC activity increases to a level that is 10- to 15-fold greater than that in root and leaf tissue. This increase appears to be the result of increases in amount of enzyme protein and PEPC mRNA. Ineffective nodules have substantially less PEPC mRNA, enzyme protein and activity than do effective nodules. Maximum expression of root nodule PEPC appears to be related to two signals. The first signal is associated with nodule initiation while the second signal is associated with nodule effectiveness. Regulation of root nodule PEPC activity may also involve post-translational processes affecting enzyme activity and/or degradation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 45 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1007/BF00040603 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JV556 UT WOS:A1992JV55600008 PM 1421147 ER PT J AU Simon, CJ Schnorr, KM AF Simon, Charles J. Schnorr, Kirk M. TI PCR Preparation of DNA Inserts from Lambda and Plasmid Vectors for RFLP Mapping SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE RFLP mapping; Southern hybridization; PCR AB A simplified method is described for preparing insert DNA for labelling reactions to be used in Southern hybridization. This method works with sequences cloned into both plasmid and lambda phage, and eliminates many of the steps leading to the labelling reaction. Small quantities of host E. coli or lambda phage carrying a probe sequence are lysed and amplified via the polymerase chain reaction using standard sequencing primers. Unincorporated nucleotides are removed by ethanol precipitation or gel purification and insert DNA is ready for radio-labelling. This method reduces the time and expense associated with conventional insert preparation, and greatly simplifies the use of sequences cloned into lambda phage. C1 [Simon, Charles J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Simon, Charles J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schnorr, Kirk M.] INRA, Lab Biol Cellulaire, F-78026 Versailles, France. RP Simon, CJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 EI 1572-9818 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1007/BF02668913 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA V41ED UT WOS:000209528600010 ER PT J AU DEVLIN, WS GUSTINE, DL AF DEVLIN, WS GUSTINE, DL TI INVOLVEMENT OF THE OXIDATIVE BURST IN PHYTOALEXIN ACCUMULATION AND THE HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TOBACCO CELL-SUSPENSIONS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; GENERATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONSEQUENCE; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; CALLUS AB The role of the oxidative burst, transient production of activated oxygen species such as H2O2 and superoxide (O2-) in elicitation of phytoalexins and the hypersensitive reaction (HR) was investigated in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). H2O2 and O2- production was measured as chemiluminescence (CL) mediated by luminol, which was added to suspension-cultured white clover just before measurement in an out-of-coincidence mode scintillation counter. Maximum CL occurred between 10 and 20 min after addition of 0.4 x 10(8) colony-forming units/mL of incompatible Pseudomonas corrugata or 158 muM HgCl2. Autoclaved P. corrugata produced a slightly higher response. Elicitation of cells with 25 muM HgCl2 did not produce CL. Preincubation of plant cells in superoxide dismutase, which converts O2- to H2O2, for 2 min before addition of bacteria did not significantly increase maximum CL levels (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Preincubation of plant cells with catalase for 2 min before addition of bacteria prevented the increase in CL, confirming that H2O2 is the substrate for the luminol reaction. Addition of live bacteria or HgCl2 (25 and 158 muM) to white clover increased levels of the phytoalexin medicarpin during a 24-h period, but addition of autoclaved bacteria did not elicit formation of medicarpin. Preincubation of plant cells with catalase, which quenched the bacteria-induced oxidative burst, did not decrease phytoalexin accumulation. Live bacteria infiltrated into Havana 44 tobacco leaf panels induced development of the HR, but autoclaved bacteria did not. Incubation of live bacteria with superoxide dismutase and catalase before infiltration into tobacco leaves did not interfere with development of the HR. Tobacco leaf panels infiltrated with up to 158 muM HgCl2 did not develop an HR. These results suggest that an oxidative burst consisting of H2O2 and O2- does occur during these two plant defense responses, but it may not be a necessary element of the signaling system for HR and phytoalexin formation. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,GRAD PROGRAM PLANT PHYSIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 25 TC 94 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1189 EP 1195 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1189 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700017 PM 16653104 ER PT J AU CHEIKH, N BRENNER, ML HUBER, JL HUBER, SC AF CHEIKH, N BRENNER, ML HUBER, JL HUBER, SC TI REGULATION OF SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE BY GIBBERELLINS IN SOYBEAN AND SPINACH PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB Exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) increased the extractable activity of leaf sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in soybean (Glycine max [L.]) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea [L.]). The response to GA applications was detectable within 2 h postapplication and was still observed 6 h, 24 h, and 7 d after treatment. When paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, was applied to intact soybean and spinach plants, decreased extractable SPS activity resulted within 24 h following the treatment. Different methods of GA application (spray, injection, capillary wick, and excised leaf systems) produced similar effects on SPS activity of soybean leaves. Protein synthesis in soybean leaves appeared to be necessary for GA-promoted SPS activity because gibberellic acid only partially reversed the inhibitory effect of pretreatment with cycloheximide. Levels of SPS protein from crude extracts of spinach plants were measured by a dot blot technique using monoclonal antibodies against SPS. Application of gibberellic acid to spinach leaves increased levels of SPS protein 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d after treatment. The results suggest that, in both soybean and spinach, GA is one of the endogenous hormonal factors that regulate the steady-state level of SPS protein and, hence, its activity. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1238 EP 1242 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1238 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700024 PM 16653111 ER PT J AU LAZOF, DB RUFTY, TW REDINBAUGH, MG AF LAZOF, DB RUFTY, TW REDINBAUGH, MG TI LOCALIZATION OF NITRATE ABSORPTION AND TRANSLOCATION WITHIN MORPHOLOGICAL REGIONS OF THE CORN ROOT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; POTASSIUM COMPARTMENTATION; GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; SPERGULARIA-MARINA; TRANSPORT; REDUCTASE; BARLEY; SODIUM; AMMONIUM AB The absorption of NO3- was characterized in six regions of a 7-d-old corn root (Zea mays L. cv W64A x W182E) growing in a complete nutrient solution. Based on changing rates of N-15 accumulation during 15-min time courses, translocation of the concurrently absorbed N through each region of the intact root was calculated and distinguished from direct absorption from the medium. Of the N-15 accumulated in the 5-mm root tip after 15 min, less than 15 and 35% had been absorbed directly from the external solution at 0.1 and 10 mM NO3- concentration of the external solution, respectively. The characterization of the apical portion of the primary root as a sink for concurrently absorbed N was con-confirmed in a pulse-chase experiment that showed an 81% increase of N-15 in the 5-mM root tip during a 12-min chase (subsequent to a 6-min labeling period). The lateral roots alone accounted for 60% of root influx and 70% of 15-min whole root N-15 accumulation at either 0.1 or 10 mM. NO3- concentration of the external solution. Because relatively steady rates of N-15 accumulation in the shoot were reached after 6 min, the rapidly exchanging pools in lateral roots must have been involved in supplying N-15 to the shoot. The laterals and the basal primary root also showed large decreases (24 and 17%) in N-15 during the chase experiment, confirming their role in rapid translocation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP LAZOF, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 27 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1251 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700026 PM 16653113 ER PT J AU MICHALCZUK, L RIBNICKY, DM COOKE, TJ COHEN, JD AF MICHALCZUK, L RIBNICKY, DM COOKE, TJ COHEN, JD TI REGULATION OF INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS IN CARROT CELL-CULTURES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID D-TRYPTOPHAN; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; AUXIN; METABOLISM; PLASTIDS AB 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) promotes the accumulation of tryptophan-derived indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in carrot cell cultures during callus proliferation by a biosynthetic pathway that is apparently not active during somatic embryo formation. The effects of 2,4-D were examined by measuring the isotopic enrichment of IAA due to the incorporation of stable isotope-labeled precursors (deuterium oxide, [N-15]indole, and H-2(5)-L-tryptophan). Enrichment of IAA from deuterium oxide is similar in both cultured hypocotyls and cell suspension cultures in the presence and absence of 2,4-D, despite the large differences in absolute IAA concentrations. The enrichment of IAA due to the incorporation of [N-15]indole is also similar in callus proliferating in the presence of 2,4-D and in embryos developing in the absence of 2,4-D. The incorporation of H-2(5)-L-tryptophan into IAA, however, is at least 7-fold higher in carrot callus cultures proliferating in the presence of 2,4-D than in embryos developing in the absence of 2,4-D. Other experiments demonstrated that this differential incorporation of H-2(5)-L-tryptophan into IAA does not result from differential tryptophan uptake or its subsequent compartmentation. Thus, it appears that differential pathways for IAA synthesis operate in callus cultures and in developing embryos, which may suggest that a relationship exists between the route of IAA biosynthesis and development. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RES INST POMOL,PL-96100 SKIERNIEWICE,POLAND. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 32 TC 122 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1346 EP 1353 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1346 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700040 PM 16653127 ER PT J AU DEVLIN, PF ROOD, SB SOMERS, DE QUAIL, PH WHITELAM, GC AF DEVLIN, PF ROOD, SB SOMERS, DE QUAIL, PH WHITELAM, GC TI PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE ELONGATED INTERNODE (EIN) MUTANT OF BRASSICA-RAPA - EIN MUTANT LACKS A DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME B-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLIN CONTENT; LONG-HYPOCOTYL MUTANT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIGHT; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; RESPONSES; DEFICIENT; CUCUMBER; TOMATO AB Several phytochrome-controlled processes have been examined in etiolated and light-grown seedlings of a normal genotype and the elongated internode (ein/ein) mutant of rapid-cycling Brassica rapa. Although etiolated ein seedlings displayed normal sensitivity to prolonged far-red light with respect to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, expansion of cotyledons, and synthesis of anthocyanin, they displayed reduced sensitivity to prolonged red light for all three of these deetiolation responses. In contrast to normal seedlings, light-grown ein seedlings did not show a growth promotion in response to end-of-day far-red irradiation. Additionally, whereas the first internode of light-grown normal seedlings showed a marked increase in elongation in response to reduced ratio of red to far-red light, ein seedlings showed only a small elongation response. When blots of protein extracts from etiolated and light-treated ein and normal seedlings were probed with monoclonal antibody to phytochrome A, an immunostaining band at about 120 kD was observed for both extracts. The immunostaining intensity of this band was substantially reduced for extracts of light-treated normal and ein seedlings. A mixture of three monoclonal antibodies directed against phytochrome B from Arabidopsis thaliana immunostained a band at about 120 kD for extracts of etiolated and light-treated normal seedlings. This band was undetectable in extracts of ein seedlings. We propose that ein is a photoreceptor mutant that is deficient in a light-stable phytochrome B-like species. C1 UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT BOT,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND. UNIV LETHBRIDGE,DEPT BIOL SCI,LETHBRIDGE T1K 3M4,ALBERTA,CANADA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. OI Rood, Stewart/0000-0003-1340-1172 NR 25 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1442 EP 1447 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1442 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700056 PM 16653143 ER PT J AU LIU, SH NORRIS, DM HARTWIG, EE XU, M AF LIU, SH NORRIS, DM HARTWIG, EE XU, M TI INDUCIBLE PHYTOALEXINS IN JUVENILE SOYBEAN GENOTYPES PREDICT SOYBEAN LOOPER RESISTANCE IN THE FULLY-DEVELOPED PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEGASPERMA-VAR-SOJAE; MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; CABBAGE-LOOPER; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS; GLYCEOLLIN-I; GLYCINE-MAX; HYPOCOTYLS; HYDROXYPHASEOLLIN; ISOFLAVANOIDS AB The hypocotyl of different soybean genotypes was tested for its inducible phytoalexin (i.e. glyceollin or coumestrol) accumulation and its inducible soybean looper resistance in response to chemical elicitation. A very highly insect-resistant soybean genotype (PI 227687) produced significantly more phytoalexins than a relatively insect-susceptible one (Davis) in response to the same chemical elicitation. The resultant standardized hypocotyl assay allowed quick categorization of unknown soybean genotypes regarding the level of insect resistance in the fully developed plants. Glyceollin was a better indicator of inducible resistance than coumestrol. Elicitor concentration influenced the amount of glyceollin and coumestrol accumulated. Younger seedlings (4-5 d old) responded stronger to chemical elicitation than did older ones (7-10 d old). The elicited accumulation of glyceollin showed a temporal pattern that peaked at 72 h. Accumulation of coumestrol showed a gradual increase. Elicitation of phytoalexins in juvenile soybean plants by sulfhydryl-binding reagents was found to be useful for the prediction of genotypic differences in the level of insect resistance in the fully developed plants. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,MID S AREA,SOYBEAN PROD RES,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1479 EP 1485 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1479 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700061 PM 16653147 ER PT J AU TOKI, S TAKAMATSU, S NOJIRI, C OOBA, S ANZAI, H IWATA, M CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH UCHIMIYA, H AF TOKI, S TAKAMATSU, S NOJIRI, C OOBA, S ANZAI, H IWATA, M CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH UCHIMIYA, H TI EXPRESSION OF A MAIZE UBIQUITIN GENE PROMOTER-BAR CHIMERIC GENE IN TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCES-HYGROSCOPICUS; HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; ACTION MECHANISM; NEO GENES; PROTOPLASTS; TRANSFORMATION; BIALAPHOS; PLASMID; ELECTROPORATION; CULTURE AB We have constructed a chimeric gene consisting of the promoter, first exon, and first intron of a maize ubiquitin gene (Ubi-1) and the coding sequence of the bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. This construct was transferred into rice (Oryza sativa L.) protoplasts via electroporation, and 10 plants were regenerated from calli that had been selected for resistance to exogenously supplied bialaphos. Transgenic plants grown in a greenhouse were resistant to both bialaphos and phosphinothricine at a dosage lethal to untransformed control plants. Evidence of stable integration of the transferred gene into the genome of the regenerated primary transformant plants was obtained from Southern blot analysis. In addition, northern blot analysis indicated expression and proper splicing of the maize ubiquitin gene first intron from the primary chimeric transcript in these transgenic rice plants, and western blot analysis and enzymic assays verified expression of the active bar gene product. Apparent mendelian segregation for bialaphos resistance in T1 progeny of primary transformants was confirmed. C1 UNIV TOKYO,INST APPL MICROBIOL,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BOT,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. FUKUI AGR EXPT STN,FUKUI 910,JAPAN. MEIJI SEIKA KAISHA LTD,PHARMACEUT RES CTR,YOKOHAMA 222,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 30 TC 103 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1503 EP 1507 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1503 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700064 PM 16653150 ER PT J AU WROBEL, R JONES, BL AF WROBEL, R JONES, BL TI APPEARANCE OF ENDOPROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES DURING THE GERMINATION OF BARLEY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEINS; ALEURONE LAYERS; PURIFICATION; ENDOPEPTIDASE; INHIBITORS; HORDEIN; MALT AB Barley endoproteolytic enzymes are important to germination because they hydrolyze endosperm storage proteins to provide precursors for new protein synthesis. We recently developed an electrophoretic method utilizing gel-incorporated protein substrates to study the endoproteinases of 4-d-germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Morex) grain. This work extends those findings to determine the temporal pattern of the appearance of the endoproteinases during germination, the sensitivities of the proteinases to class-specific proteinase inhibitors, and where, in germinating caryopses, the proteinases reside. Six endoproteinase activity bands (representing a minimum of seven enzymes) were present in 5-d-germinated barley grain extracts subjected to electrophoresis in nondenaturing gels at pH 8.8. The activities of two of the enzyme bands ("neutral" proteinases) increased as the pH was increased from 3.8 to 6.5. The activities of the remaining four ("acidic") bands diminished abruptly as the pH increased above 4.7. Two proteinase bands hydrolyzed gelatin but not edestin, four of the proteinases hydrolyzed both gelatin and edestin at nearly the same rates, and one enzyme degraded only edestin. One neutral endoproteinase was sensitive to diisopropyl fluorophosphate inhibition, and the other was not inhibited by any of inhibitors tested. Four of acidic enzymes were cysteine proteinases [inhibited by trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane and N-ethylmaleimide]; the other was an aspartic acid endoproteinase (sensitive to pepstatin). Only the aspartic proteinase was detected in either ungerminated or steeped barley grain. During the germination (malting) process, the aspartic endoproteinase activity decreased until the second day of germination and then increased until germination day 5. The first endoproteinase(s) induced during germination was a neutral enzyme that showed activity on the lst day of the germination phase after steeping. Most of the endoproteinases became active on the 2nd or 3rd germination day, but one cysteine proteinase was not detected until the 5th day. Acid cysteine proteinases were present in the aleurone, scutellum, and endosperm tissues but not in shoots and roots. The aleurone layer and endosperm contained almost exclusively band B1 neutral proteinases, whereas the scutellum, shoots, and roots contained both B1 and B2 bands. This work shows that germinating barley contains a complex set of proteinases whose expression is temporally and spatially controlled. But, at the same time, it also shows that this electrophoretic method for separating and studying individual enzymes of this complex will allow us to more readily characterize and purify them. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 29 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1508 EP 1516 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1508 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700065 PM 16653151 ER PT J AU BURKE, JJ OLIVER, MJ AF BURKE, JJ OLIVER, MJ TI DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF PEA SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID OXYGEN-TOXICITY; PISUM-SATIVUM; STRESS; PLANTS AB The activity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase isoforms was evaluated across a range of temperatures from 10 to 45-degrees-C. Maximal activity of the Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase isoforms was observed at 10-degrees-C. Both cytoplasmic and chloroplast Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases exhibit a reduction in staining intensity with increasing temperatures. Mn superoxide dismutase, however, maintained a relatively constant staining intensity across the range of temperatures evaluated. An unrelated enzyme used as a control, malate dehydrogenase, exhibited the expected increase in staining activity with increasing temperatures. These results describe a unique response of a protection enzyme to temperature. RP BURKE, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1595 EP 1598 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1595 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700080 PM 16653166 ER PT J AU BAILEY, BA AVNI, A LI, N MATTOO, AK ANDERSON, JD AF BAILEY, BA AVNI, A LI, N MATTOO, AK ANDERSON, JD TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE NICOTIANA-TABACUM CV XANTHI GENE ENCODING 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BAILEY, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1615 EP 1616 DI 10.1104/pp.100.3.1615 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JX827 UT WOS:A1992JX82700088 PM 16653174 ER PT J AU MANTHEY, JA AF MANTHEY, JA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NONENZYMATIC NADH-COUPLED FE-3+ REDUCTION BY LIGNIN IN CITRUS ROOT CELL-WALLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN; PHENOLIC ACIDS; NADH; CITRUS-MACROPHYLLA; CITRUS-LIMON ID ARMORACIA-LAPATHIFOLIA-GILIB; RADISH PLASMALEMMA VESICLES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE FORMATION; DEFICIENT BEAN ROOTS; FE-III REDUCTION; FERRIC REDUCTION; EFFICIENCY REACTIONS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; IRON-DEFICIENCY; TOBACCO CELLS AB The coupling of extracellular NADH to the Fe3+ reduction reactions of intact roots of Citrus macrophylla and Citrus limon seedlings is reported. In the absence of extracellular NADH, Fe3+ reduction by the citrus roots is enzymatic. Large increases in the rates of Fe3+ reduction occurred in the presence of NADH. Portions of these NADH-coupled reactions are found to be associated with nonenzymatic reactions between the root cell walls, NADH and Fe3+. The involvement of lignin in these cell wall NADH-coupled reactions is examined. NADH significantly increased the rates of Fe3+ reduction by lignin, and by related phenolic acids including syringic, ferulic, and vanillic acid. Slight inhibition by NADH occurred for the Fe3+ reduction by caffeic and chlorogenic acids. The similarities in the NADH-coupled reactions run with lignin and the citrus root cell walls support a proposal that reactions with cell wall lignin are responsible for portions of the NADH-coupled reactions observed with the citrus roots. RP USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, 263 S CHESTER AVE, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 639 EP 647 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KH332 UT WOS:A1992KH33200003 ER PT J AU KOCHIAN, LV SHAFF, JE KUHTREIBER, WM JAFFE, LF LUCAS, WJ AF KOCHIAN, LV SHAFF, JE KUHTREIBER, WM JAFFE, LF LUCAS, WJ TI USE OF AN EXTRACELLULAR, ION-SELECTIVE, VIBRATING MICROELECTRODE SYSTEM FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF K+, H+, AND CA2+ FLUXES IN MAIZE ROOTS AND MAIZE SUSPENSION CELLS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ION TRANSPORT; MICROELECTRODE (ION-SELECTIVE, VIBRATING); SUSPENSION CELL; ZEA (ION TRANSPORT) ID CORN ROOTS; POTASSIUM-TRANSPORT; COLD-SHOCK; CALCIUM; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; PROTON; TOUCH AB An ion-selective vibrating-microelectrode system, which was originally used to measure extracellular Ca2+ gradients generated by Ca2+ currents, was used to study K+, H+ and Ca2+ transport in intact maize (Zea mays L.) roots and individual maize suspension cells. Comparisons were made between the vibrating ion-selective microelectrode, and a technique using stationary ion-selective microelectrodes to measure ionic gradients in the unstirred layer at the surface of plant roots. The vibrating-microelectrode system was shown to be a major improvement over stationary ion-selective microelectrodes, in terms of sensitivity and temporal resolution. With the vibrating ion microelectrode, it was easy to monitor K+ influxes into maize roots in a background K+ concentration of 10 mM or more, while stationary K+ electrodes were limited to measurements in a background K+ concentration of 0.3 mM or less. Also, with this system it was possible to conduct a detailed study of root Ca2+ transport, which was previously not possible because of the small fluxes involved. For example, we were able to investigate the effect of the excision of maize roots on Ca2+ influx. When an intact maize root was excised from the seedling at a position 3 cm from the site of measurement of Ca2+ transport, a rapid fourfold stimulation of Ca2+ influx was observed followed by dramatic oscillations in Ca2+ flux, oscillating between Ca2+ influx and efflux. These results clearly demonstrate that wound or perturbation responses of plant organs involve transient alterations in Ca2+ transport, which had previously been inferred by demonstrations of touch-induced changes in cytoplasmic calcium. The sensitivity of this system allows for the measurement of ion fluxes in individual plant cells. Using vibrating K+ and H+ electrodes, it was possible to measure H+ efflux and both K+ influx and efflux in individual maize suspension cells under different conditions. The availability of this technique will greatly improve our ability to study ion transport at the cellular level, in intact plant tissues and organs, and in specialized cells, such as root hairs or guard cells. C1 MARINE BIOL LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV BIOL SCI,BOT SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. BIOHYBRID TECHNOL INC,SHREWSBURY,MA 01545. RP KOCHIAN, LV (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 28 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 188 IS 4 BP 601 EP 610 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JZ029 UT WOS:A1992JZ02900021 PM 24178395 ER PT J AU DEATON, JW AF DEATON, JW TI THE EFFECT OF MEAL FEEDING ON SMALL-INTESTINE WEIGHT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROILERS; SMALL INTESTINE; MEAL FEEDING; PELLETS; MASH ID BROILER PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-LEVEL; TEMPERATURE; GENDER; FORM AB Two trials were conducted using feed forms of pellets and mash to determine whether parts of the digestive tract (small intestine) were enlarged by meal feeding. Results obtained show that meal feeding of broilers significantly increases small intestine weight for both mash and pellet broiler groups when compared with continuously fed broilers. The body weight, feed conversion, and mortality did not differ between the continuous-fed versus meal-fed groups. Pelleting the diet during the growing period (3 to 6 wk of age) significantly improved both growth rate and feed conversion of broilers. RP DEATON, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1807 EP 1810 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JV093 UT WOS:A1992JV09300002 PM 1437967 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS PORTER, RE AF HOLT, PS PORTER, RE TI EFFECT OF INDUCED MOLTING ON THE COURSE OF INFECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN WHITE LEGHORN HENS OF DIFFERENT AGES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MOLT; FASTING; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; AGING ID FORCED MOLT; PERFORMANCE AB Previous work in the authors' laboratory had shown that inducing molt using a 2-wk feed removal protocol in 58- to 84-wk-old White Leghorn hens increased the severity of intestinal infection by Salmonella enteritidis (SE). As susceptibility to infection can be influenced by age, a study was conducted to compare the effect of the feed removal on infection by SE in 20-, 40-, and 74-wk-old hens. Birds were orally infected with 5 to 10 x 10(6) SE on Day 4 of fast and were sampled for SE shedding 3, 10, 17, and 24 days later. Significantly higher numbers of SE were shed in fasted birds on Day 3 (20 and 40 wk of age), Day 10 (40 and 74 wk of age), and Day 17 (74 wk of age). Transmission of SE to uninfected, contact-exposed birds was observed in all three trials for both the fed and fasted groups. However, significantly more fasted contact-exposed birds became positive for SE on Day 3 (20-wk-old), Day 10 (74-wk-old), and Day 17 (74-wk-old). Significantly more SE was also shed in these fasted contact-exposed birds on Day 3 (20-wk-old), Day 10 (all age groups), and Day 17 (74-wk-old). The current results indicate that the fasting conditions used to induce a molt in hens increase the shedding of SE in direct-infected and contact-exposed hens and this effect does not appear to be affected by age. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1842 EP 1848 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JV093 UT WOS:A1992JV09300007 PM 1437971 ER PT J AU SANO, T CANDRESSE, T HAMMOND, RW DIENER, TO OWENS, RA AF SANO, T CANDRESSE, T HAMMOND, RW DIENER, TO OWENS, RA TI IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE STRUCTURAL DOMAINS REGULATING VIROID PATHOGENICITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INFECTIOUS CDNA; CHIMERAS ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INVITRO MUTAGENESIS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CDNA CLONES; RNA; INFECTIVITY; CONSTRUCTION; REPLICATION; REVEALS AB To investigate the role of individual structural domains in viroid pathogenicity and replication, a series of interspecific chimeras was constructed by exchanging the terminal left (T(L)) and/or pathogenicity (P) domains between tomato apical stunt (TASVd) and citrus exocortis (CEVd) viroids. All six chimeras tested were replicated stably in tomato, and the symptoms exhibited by infected plants were intermediate between those induced by the parental viroids. Quantitative comparisons of symptom development and progeny accumulation revealed that: (i) the T(L) domain of TASVd contains a determinant required for appearance of severe veinal necrosis in tomato, (ii) the severe epinasty and stunting characteristic of TASVd requires the presence of its T(L) and P domains, and (iii) the variable (V) and terminal right (T(R)) domains comprising the right side of the native structure also play an important role in viroid pathogenicity. Chimeras containing the right side of TASVd accumulated to higher levels early in infection, and infected plants developed more severe symptoms than those whose right halves were derived from CEVd. Although the individual contributions of the T(L) and P domains to symptom induction could not be completely separated from that of viroid titer, the T(L) domain appears to exert a greater effect upon symptom severity than does the P domain. The T(L), P, V, and T(R) domains of TASVd and CEVd contain three discrete regions of sequence and/or structural variability that may correspond to the pathogenicity determinants uncovered by our genetic analysis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 21 BP 10104 EP 10108 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JW798 UT WOS:A1992JW79800027 PM 1332029 ER PT J AU ANDERBERG, RJ WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF ANDERBERG, RJ WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI ISOLATION OF A WHEAT CDNA CLONE FOR AN ABSCISIC ACID-INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WITH HOMOLOGY TO PROTEIN-KINASES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DEHYDRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; PLANT HORMONE; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; TRITICUM-AESITIVUM ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CONSERVED FEATURES; GENE-EXPRESSION; WATER-STRESS; MAIZE; EMBRYOS; PHOSPHORYLATION; CALMODULIN; DOMAINS AB Increases in the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) initiate water-stress responses in plants. We present evidence that a transcript with homology to protein kinases is induced by ABA and dehydration in wheat. A 1.2-kilobase cDNA clone (PKABA1) was isolated from an ABA-treated wheat embryo cDNA library by screening the library with a probe developed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of serine/threonine protein kinase subdomains VIb to VIII. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PKABA1 done contains the features of serine/threonine protein kinases, including homology with all 12 conserved regions of the catalytic domain. PKABA1 transcript levels are barely detectable in growing seedlings but are induced dramatically when plants are subjected to dehydration stress. The PKABA1 transcript can also be induced by supplying low concentrations of ABA, and coordinate increases in ABA levels and PKABA1 mRNA occur when seedlings are water-stressed. Identification of this ABA-inducible transcript with homology to protein kinases provides a basis for examining the role of protein phosphorylation in plant responses to dehydration. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, 209 JOHNSON HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 35 TC 188 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 21 BP 10183 EP 10187 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10183 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JW798 UT WOS:A1992JW79800043 PM 1438207 ER PT J AU BARB, CR COX, NM CARLTON, CA CHANG, WJ RANDLE, RF AF BARB, CR COX, NM CARLTON, CA CHANG, WJ RANDLE, RF TI GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION, SERUM, AND CEREBRAL SPINAL-FLUID INSULIN AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I CONCENTRATIONS IN PIGS WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES-MELLITUS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; FOLLICULAR-GROWTH; PITUITARY-CELLS; SOMATOSTATIN; RAT; RELEASE; GLUCOSE; HYPOTHALAMUS; SUPPRESSION; OVULATION AB Diabetes mellitus was induced using streptozotocin in five gilts between 8 and 12 weeks of age. Gilts were maintained with exogenous insulin (INS) except during experimental periods. Four litter-mate gilts served as controls. At 9 months of age, all gilts were ovariectomized, and 30 days after ovariectomy, Experiment (Exp) 1 was conducted. Jugular vein catheters were inserted and blood samples were collected every 10 min for 8 hr. Experiment 2 was conducted when gilts were 11 months of age. Venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected in the absence (Phase I) or presence (Phase II) of INS therapy. In Experiment 1, plasma glucose concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in diabetic (465 +/- 17 mg/100 ml) than in control (82 mg +/- 17 mg/100 ml) gilts, whereas serum INS was lower (P < 0.0001) in diabetic gilts (0.3 +/- 0.02 vs 0.9 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) and insulin-like growth factor-I was similar in diabetic and control gilts (32 +/- 3 vs 43 +/- 4 ng/ml, respectively). Mean serum GH concentration was 2-fold greater (P < 0.02) in diabetics (2.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) than in control gilts (1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). Diabetic gilts exhibited a greater (P < 0.05) number of GH pulses than control gilts (3.2 +/- 0.4 vs 1.5 +/- 0.3/8 hr, respectively). In addition, GH pulse magnitude was markedly elevated (P < 0.02) in diabetic (5.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) compared with control gilts (3.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml). Mean basal serum GH concentrations were greater (P < 0.07) in diabetic (2.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) compared with control gilts (1.0 +/- .1 ng/ml). In Experiment 2, CSF concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I, INS, GH, and protein were similar for diabetic and control gilts in both phases. Serum GH levels were similar for diabetics and controls in Phase 1, but were greater (P < 0.05) in diabetics than in controls in Phase II. CSF glucose levels were greater in diabetic than in control gilts in both the presence (P < 0.003) and absence (P < 0.0002) of INS therapy, whereas plasma glucose was greater (P < 0.003) in diabetic than in control gilts in the absence of INS, but returned to control concentrations in the presence of INS. However, serum GH levels were unchanged after INS therapy in the diabetic gilts. In conclusion, altered GH secretion in the diabetic gilt may, in part, be due to elevated CSF glucose concentrations, which may alter GH-releasing hormone and/or somatostatin secretion from the hypothalamus. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 201 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA JU733 UT WOS:A1992JU73300014 PM 1409737 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL ZIMMERMAN, RH AF STEFFENS, GL ZIMMERMAN, RH TI INFLUENCES OF UNICONAZOLE ON GROWTH, FRUITING, AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF TISSUE CULTURE-PROPAGATED OWN-ROOTED APPLE-TREES SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; FRUITING; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT GROWTH INHIBITOR; UNICONAZOLE ID PACLOBUTRAZOL; LEAVES AB Tissue culture-propagated (TC) own-rooted 'Gala' and 'Triple Red Delicious' apple trees grown at three planting densities were not treated (TC control) or were treated with annual uniconazole sprays or two trunk drenches starting with the third or fourth growing season. Budded (BUD) trees on M.7a rootstock were also included as controls. After both the fifth and sixth growing seasons, the cultivars grown and the treatments applied had more influence on the attributes measured than did planting densities. Flowering and yield were greater on 'Gala' trees compared with 'Triple Red' for the fifth, but not the sixth season. The tree propagation method did not influence flower numbers and yield of 'Gala' trees in either the fifth or the sixth growing season but flower numbers were greater on BUD compared with TC trees of 'Triple Red' for both seasons. Flowering of TC 'Triple Red' trees tended to be increased by uniconazole treatment. Uniconazole applied by the trunk drench method markedly retarded vegetative growth of 'Gala' trees during the fifth season but flowering was reduced the following season. The trunk cross-sectional area of control TC trees for both cultivars increased more than for BUD trees but uniconazole treatment slowed trunk cross-sectional area increase so that treated TC trees were maintained at nearly the same size as BUD trees. Overall, 'Triple Red' leaves had higher chlorophyll concentrations than 'Gala' leaves, but there were no differences between BUD and TC leaves for net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance for water (g(sw)), relative chlorophyll concentration, or specific leaf weight (SLW). Uniconazole treatment increased mean seasonal Pn, g(sw), relative chlorophyll, and SLW compared with controls. RP STEFFENS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BLDG 004,RM 111,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(92)90021-4 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KF941 UT WOS:A1992KF94100002 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC AF LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC TI POTENTIAL OF LAETISARIA-ARVALIS FOR THE BIOCONTROL OF RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; TABLE BEET; ROOT-ROT; SOIL; FIELD; TRICHODERMA; ANTAGONIST; FUNGI AB Bran preparations of the fungus Laetisaria arvalis isolates LA-1, OK-60, OK-160, OK-206 and ZH-4 reduced survival and saprophytic growth of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) in soil. They also prevented damping-off (R. solani) of cotton, sugar beet, lettuce and radish in the greenhouse. The six isolates of L. arvalis grown on sterile wheat bran moistened with water and incubated for 5-15 days before addition to soil at a rate of 0.5% (w/w), were equally effective in reducing R. solani inoculum. In general, 15 day old preparations were as effective as 5 day old preparations. 7 Day old bran preparations of various L. arvalis isolates added to pathogen-infested loamy sand soil at a rate of 0.5% (w/w), prevented post-emergence damping-off of cotton, sugar beet, radish and lettuce. Several treatments resulted in seedling emergence and survival similar to those in natural soils not supplemented with R. solani. Preparations of L. arvalis also prevented damping-off of cotton in three other soils. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1075 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90055-3 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX581 UT WOS:A1992JX58100001 ER PT J AU TESTER, CF AF TESTER, CF TI INFLUENCE OF A GENETICALLY MODIFIED ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIUM ON COMPOSITION AND DECOMPOSITION OF CORN RESIDUE SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BERMUDAGRASS STUNTING DISEASE; XYLI SUBSP CYNODONTIS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE COMPOST; WHEAT STRAW; NITROGEN; CARBON; CLAVIBACTER; SUGARCANE; GRASS; SOIL AB I have determined whether the presence of an endophytic bacterium alters the chemical properties of inoculated plants and compared decomposition of colonized residues with control residues in soil. Greenhouse-grown corn (Zea mays L.) plants (18 days old) were inoculated with either the endophytic bacteria Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (MDE1) or a genetically engineered construction of C. xyli subsp. cynodontis which was transformed by inserting a gene encoding for production of a delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (MDR1.3). Leaves and stalks were harvested at maturity and various chemical and physical properties analyzed. In addition, leaf and stalk residues were incorporated into soil to determine the extent of their decomposition in a 63 day laboratory incubation study. Leaf residues from plants inoculated with MDR1.3 retained significantly more water than did those inoculated with buffer or MDE1. Leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more C than did stalks of inoculated plants. Soluble proteins were the major contributors to the C content of leaves, whereas, soluble carbohydrates were predominant in the stalks. Inoculation with either MDR1.3 or MDE1 appeared to increase the quantity of N present in all plant parts. During early stages, leaf residues contained more readily decomposable substrates than did stalk residues. Leaves from plants inoculated with buffer decomposed significantly more after 63 days than those from plants inoculated with MDE1 or MDR1.3. In contrast, corn stalks inoculated with MDR1.3 decomposed significantly more than those inoculated with buffer or MDE1. Over the 63 day incubation ca 33% of the corn residues were decomposed. Although the presence of the endophytes, MDE1 and MDR1.3, during plant growth had some influence on chemical and physical properties of the residues, the extent of residue decomposition in soil (CO2 evolved in 63 days) was not substantially different. RP TESTER, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90060-B PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX581 UT WOS:A1992JX58100006 ER PT J AU HARRIS, MM SAFFORD, LO AF HARRIS, MM SAFFORD, LO TI A RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR DRYING ORGANIC SOIL HORIZONS USING A MICROWAVE-OVEN SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A procedure was developed for rapidly drying organic soil horizons in a microwave oven. Dry weights consistent with values obtained by conventional drying methods were obtained by drying these materials for 20 to 30 minutes at Medium (490 W) power. RP HARRIS, MM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 154 IS 5 BP 420 EP 425 DI 10.1097/00010694-199211000-00010 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KB282 UT WOS:A1992KB28200010 ER PT J AU SHOUSE, PJ SISSON, JB ELLSWORTH, TR JOBES, JA AF SHOUSE, PJ SISSON, JB ELLSWORTH, TR JOBES, JA TI ESTIMATING INSITU UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES OF VERTICALLY HETEROGENEOUS SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID WATER PROPERTIES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FIELD; DRAINAGE; CONDUCTIVITIES; METHODOLOGY; MODELS; MEDIA; FLOW AB The majority of procedures for in situ measurement of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity are variations of the instantaneous profile method. A vertically nonuniform soil requires the unsaturated hydraulic functions to be estimated at each horizon. Scaling systems have evolved in an attempt to reduce the number of hydraulic functions needed to characterize water flow through heterogeneous soils. In this study, we extended the concept of water content (theta) scaling to nonuniform soil profiles, tested the effectiveness of theta scaling for reducing apparent spatial variability, and estimated the unsaturated hydraulic functions for a naturally occurring loam sand field site. Two instantaneous profile experiments conducted at Etiwanda, CA, provided soil water content and pressure head (h) data vs. depth (z) and time (t). Water retention, theta(h), and hydraulic conductivity, K(theta), functions fitted to data from the 15-cm depth at Plot 1 were arbitrarily chosen as the reference hydraulic properties to which the other depths and plots were scaled. Based on a unit-gradient analysis of the drainage data, the slope of the hydraulic conductivity function, dK/dtheta, was estimated as z/t. Scaling other depths and plots to the reference location was done using an iterative procedure that provided least-squares estimates of the two theta scaling parameters (delta and mu) and a corresponding transformed depth variable (z*). Scaled water content, theta*, plotted vs. z*/t, using data from all depths and plots, coalesced to a single curve. Scaling theta successfully coalesced heterogeneous soil hydraulic properties into unique functions for both theta(h) and K(theta). C1 EG&G IDAHO INC,DIV GEOSCI,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SHOUSE, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1673 EP 1679 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800003 ER PT J AU PETRIE, CL KABALA, ZJ HALL, AE SIMUNEK, J AF PETRIE, CL KABALA, ZJ HALL, AE SIMUNEK, J TI WATER TRANSPORT IN AN UNSATURATED MEDIUM TO ROOTS WITH DIFFERING LOCAL GEOMETRIES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID PLANT-ROOTS; SALT MOVEMENT; SCALE MODEL; SOIL; SYSTEM; EXTRACTION; LENGTH; GROWTH AB Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.: syn. P. americanum (L.) Leeke] develops substantially lower predawn leaf water potentials than cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] under conditions of soil dehydration, but overall root length densities are greater in millet than in cowpea. The hypothesis was tested that, due to differences in root geometry and root length density, root systems of millet become less efficient in water uptake than those of cowpea as soil dries. Plants were grown in an artificial medium in pots or 1.15-m tubes in a greenhouse and subjected to soil drying. Root geometries, root length densities, and water potentials of cowpea and millet were measured as the rooting medium dried. Distribution of roots was quantified by calculating a clumping ratio (total root length density divided by the root length density in the region surrounding individual root segment axes) at several depths within the profile. Overall root length densities were higher in millet than in cowpea, and root distributions differed. Millet roots were clumped locally along the root axis and globally within the profile, with the highest root length densities at the surface. Cowpea root lengths were one-half as dense as millet along the root axis and distributed fairly uniformly throughout the profile. These data were used in two-dimensional modeling of horizontal water transport from soil to branched segments of root axes of cowpea and millet to test the hypothesis. Simulations in which millet water potential became substantially lower than cowpea, and millet root length was twice as great as cowpea, predicted little difference in cumulative water flow to the roots of millet or cowpea during soil dehydration. This prediction is consistent with observations. Simulated water velocity vector fields indicated that millet's dense and clumped local root geometry became less efficient in water uptake under soil water deficits than cowpea's less dense and more evenly distributed root geometry because water uptake by millet was mainly at the root tips; in contrast, most of the root length of cowpea contributed to water uptake. Simulations conducted with millet root axes having different root length densities indicated that the low efficiency of millet in water uptake was due to the combined effects of local clumping and high root length density. When input parameters for roots and soil were varied, conclusions from the simulations remained the same. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RES INST SOIL RECLAMAT & PROTECT,PRAGUE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. RP PETRIE, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1686 EP 1694 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800005 ER PT J AU BRAKENSIEK, DL RAWLS, WJ LOGSDON, SD EDWARDS, WM AF BRAKENSIEK, DL RAWLS, WJ LOGSDON, SD EDWARDS, WM TI FRACTAL DESCRIPTION OF MACROPOROSITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SOIL AB Much interest has been generated in the application of self-similar power laws and fractal geometry principles to the description of soil properties. Fractal geometry is here proposed as a descriptor of macroporosity. Data on macropore counts- sizes were used to investigate this possibility. The fractal Sierpinski carpet was assumed to compute two-dimensional areal porosity. A tentative conclusion is that macropore count-size distributions can be described by the carpet generator and the areal porosity can be calculated. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NE APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1723 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800010 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, DL WOOD, JD IBRAHIM, I AF SUAREZ, DL WOOD, JD IBRAHIM, I TI REEVALUATION OF CALCITE SUPERSATURATION IN SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SOLUBLE ORGANIC-LIGANDS; ION ACTIVITY PRODUCTS; CARBONATE; PRECIPITATION; SOLUBILITIES; WATERS AB The calcite saturation status of soil-water systems in semiarid regions was reexamined taking into consideration organic ligand alkalinity and Ca-organic complexation. These factors have been forwarded as the reason for earlier reports of calcite supersaturation in soil-water systems. We examined groundwaters beneath irrigated lands, soil-water suspensions in the laboratory using four soils and two levels if CO2, and soil water extracted from the root zone of an irrigated, cropped field. Total alkalinity and net inorganic C alkalinity were determined by titration. Calcium activity values calculated from total concentrations using the speciation program WATEQ4F were compared with Ca2+ activity values measured with an ion-specific electrode. In all our systems, total alkalinity and inorganic C alkalinity were almost equivalent and thus organic C alkalinity was negligible. Calculated Ca2+ activity was generally 5 to 25% greater than Ca2+ activity determined with an ion-specific electrode. Although these data suggest the presence of addtional Ca complexes not included in the speciation routines, the determined dissolved organic C values are too low for Ca-organic complexes to be the cause of these differences in Ca2+ activity. Ion activity products based on either measured Ca2+ activity values or calculated Ca2+ activities indicated that all systems were supersaturated, with saturation ratios of two to three. C1 SOIL SALIN & ALKALIN LAB,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. RP SUAREZ, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1776 EP 1784 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800020 ER PT J AU STARR, JL PARKIN, TB MEISINGER, JJ AF STARR, JL PARKIN, TB MEISINGER, JJ TI SAMPLE-SIZE CONSIDERATION IN THE DETERMINATION OF SOIL NITRATE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; DENITRIFICATION; VARIABILITY; PROFILE AB A prerequisite to increasing N-use efficiency through the use of soil testing is the accurate determination of soil nitrate concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the influence of sample size on the magnitude and variability of NO3-N concentrations in the surface horizon of a Beltsville silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudult). Five different sized soil coring tubes, 1.7 to 5.4 cm in diam. (38-366 cm3) and one block sample of 8770 cm3 were used to collect soil samples. Thirty-six of each sample size were collected twice before and twice after planting corn (Zea mays L.). Nearly all the NO3-N values were lognormally distributed with the magnitude of skewness related more to concentration than to sample size, except for the largest sample size (8770 cm3), which was always minimally skewed. This study indicated that mean NO3-N values could be accurately estimated using 36 of the smallest sized samples. The smallest sample size, however, was often unable to accurately estimate the spatial variability of soil NO3-N. Further, a computer-intensive random resampling procedure indicated that 20 to 50% more samples were required with the smallest sampler to achieve satisfactory estimates of the sample mean. This study -did not provide a consistent basis for choosing between samplers with diameters of 2.15 to 5.4 cm (58-366 cm3). C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP STARR, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1824 EP 1830 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800029 ER PT J AU SCHOENEBERGER, PJ WEED, SB AMOOZEGAR, A BUOL, SW AF SCHOENEBERGER, PJ WEED, SB AMOOZEGAR, A BUOL, SW TI COLOR ZONATION ASSOCIATED WITH FRACTURES IN A FELSIC GNEISS SAPROLITE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GOETHITE; HEMATITE; SOIL AB Darkly coated fractures are identified as a major type of macropore in most saprolites found in the Piedmont and Mountain regions of North Carolina. Morphological and mineralogical characteristics of various color zones associated with these Mn-coated fractures were evaluated to determine their nature and assess their role in water flow through saprolite. Four distinct color zones (black, white, yellow, and red) were identified surrounding the Mn-coated fractures in a typical saprolite derived from gneiss and schist parent rock in the Piedmont region. Two large, vertically oriented intact blocks (30 by 30 by 80 cm) containing fractures and associated color zones were removed from the 1.9- to 2.7-m depth. Small undisturbed samples containing all color zones, and disturbed bulk samples from each color zone were analyzed for mineralogical and chemical composition using x-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, electron microprobe scans, and HF digestion for total elemental analysis. Iron content was highest in the interior saprolite matrix (182 mg/kg of clay-size fraction in the red zone) and diminished toward the fracture (black zone). The red zone was dominated by hematite (54% of Fe oxide present), the yellow zone was dominated by goethite (92% of Fe oxide present), and the white zone was almost free of Fe. In the black zone, Mn oxides occurred in substantial amounts and Fe was mostly in the form of goethite. Manganese was not detected in the other three color zones. Color patterns and relative amounts of Fe and Mn indicate historical preferential water movement along fractures. Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity, however, indicates that these fractures are no longer active macropores allowing rapid water flow through saprolite. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA SCS,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68502. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1855 EP 1859 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800034 ER PT J AU BELL, JC CUNNINGHAM, RL HAVENS, MW AF BELL, JC CUNNINGHAM, RL HAVENS, MW TI CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF A SOIL LANDSCAPE MODEL FOR PREDICTING SOIL DRAINAGE CLASS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER AB The soil-landscape relationships frequently used for soil mapping activities are seldom documented. We developed a statistical model that relates soil drainage classes to eight landscape parameters describing slope morphology, proximity to surface drainage features, and soil parent material. Soil profiles and landscape parameters were described at 305 randomly selected sampling points within the Mifflintown 7.5-min topographic quadrangle in the unglaciated ridge and valley physiographic province of central Pennsylvania. Variables defining the spatial structure of the landscape were derived from digitized 1:24 000 scale maps of streams and drainageways, surficial geology, bedrock geology, and a digital elevation model. These data were stored in a geographic information system and overlaid with the sampling point locations to define a database of 305 known soil-landscape combinations. These soil-landscape combinations were used to derive a statistical soil-landscape model using multivariate discriminant analysis and class frequency information. For soil drainage class, a 74% overall agreement with field observations was found for the model using a cross-validation approach, compared with 69% for the published soil survey. The model correctly predicted a majority of the observations within each drainage class and provided a consistent method of extrapolating point information about soils to the three-dimensional landscape. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA SCS,WALTON,NY. RP BELL, JC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1860 EP 1866 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800035 ER PT J AU THOMAS, ML LAL, R LOGAN, T FAUSEY, NR AF THOMAS, ML LAL, R LOGAN, T FAUSEY, NR TI LAND-USE AND MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON NONPOINT LOADING FROM MIAMIAN SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID NO-TILL CORN; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SURFACE RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; SYSTEMS; SEDIMENT; WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN; EROSION AB Land use greatly affects soil and hydrological processes, which have major implications for environmental quality and agricultural sustainability. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of four land use systems - continuous alfalfa, forest, ridge-till corn (Zea mays L.) and conventional-till corn - on runoff, soil loss, and nutrient transport in runoff and sediment. Eight field plots (18.5 by 21 m), equipped with 0.3-m H-flumes and FW-1 water-level recorders, were established on Miamian silty clay loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) at the Ohio State University Agronomy Farm, Columbus, OH. Runoff samples, collected after erosive storms during the growing season in 1990, were analyzed for sediment concentration, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, and dissolved organic C. Sediment collected from the flume base was analyzed for total Kjeldahl N and available P. A critical period was identified as the early stages of crop growth during which the soil was particularly vulnerable to erosion due to excessive runoff. Soil and nutrient losses were typically higher during the critical than during the noncritical period. Both N and P losses in runoff and sediment were higher for cropped treatments than for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and forest. Losses observed for conventional tillage were, however, several orders of magnitude larger than uncropped treatments. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1875 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800037 ER PT J AU BIDLAKE, WR CAMPBELL, GS PAPENDICK, RI CULLUM, RF AF BIDLAKE, WR CAMPBELL, GS PAPENDICK, RI CULLUM, RF TI SEED-ZONE TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILLAGE IN ALASKA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID RESIDUE-SOIL SYSTEM; HEAT; WATER; MODEL AB Identification of tillage and residue management options that favor crop production and promote soil conservation is an important research objective. A study was conducted to compare seed-zone temperature and moisture conditions under conventional and no-tillage regimes during stand establishment of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in interior Alaska. The approach was to monitor soil temperature and moisture conditions in a conventional tillage and a no-tillage plot, and to develop and apply a mechanistic model of heat and moisture transport for partially frozen soil-crop residue systems. The model simulates temperature and vapor density profiles and radiation transfer within the crop residue canopy and soil temperature and soil water matric potential. Both measured and simulated results indicated that the no-tillage soil was cooler and wetter than the conventional tillage soil. The average daily difference between simulated temperature at the 6-cm depth was 2.5-degrees-C during the 54-d simulation period. Simulated matric potential of unfrozen soil at the 6-cm depth varied between - 12 and - 45 J kg-1 for conventional tillage and between - 3 and -5 J kg-1 for no-tillage. Simulations indicated that the average difference in soil temperature at the planting depth was reduced by 31% when the no-tillage planting depth was decreased to 3 cm, and this practice may be used to exploit the greater moisture availability under that management to obtain more favorable seed-zone conditions. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1904 EP 1910 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800043 ER PT J AU LENTZ, RD SHAINBERG, I SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL AF LENTZ, RD SHAINBERG, I SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL TI PREVENTING IRRIGATION FURROW EROSION WITH SMALL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID WATER-QUALITY; SOIL-EROSION; INFILTRATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE; STRAW AB Soil erosion is a serious problem threatening sustainability of agriculture globally and contaminating surface waters. The objective of this study was to determine whether low concentrations of anionic polymers in irrigation water would appreciably reduce irrigation furrow erosion on Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid), a highly erodible soil. Furrow slope was 1.6%, furrow length was 175 m, and irrigation rates ranged from 15 to 23 L min-1. Inflow during the first 1 to 2 h of the first 8-h irrigation was treated. Subsequent irrigations were untreated. Polyacrylamide (PAM) or starch copolymer solutions were injected into irrigation water entering furrows at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g m-3. Sediment loss from polymer-treated furrows was significantly less than that of control furrows in the first (treated) and second (untreated) irrigations, but not in the fourth (untreated). The PAM provided better erosion control than the starch copolymer. Efficacy of PAM treatments varied depending on its concentration, duration of furrow exposure, and water flow rate. In the initial (treated) irrigation and at low flow rates, 10 g m-3 PAM reduced mean sediment load by 97% compared with untreated furrows. Residual erosion abatement in a subsequent irrigation, without further addition of PAM, was approximately 50%. The PAM increased net infiltration and promoted greater lateral infiltration. Effective erosion control was achievable for a material cost below $3 ha-1 irrigation-1. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST SOILS & WATER,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP LENTZ, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 25 TC 112 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1926 EP 1932 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800046 ER PT J AU TORBERT, HA PRIOR, SA ELKINS, CB AF TORBERT, HA PRIOR, SA ELKINS, CB TI HYDRAULIC COMPACTION DEVICE FOR MAKING SOIL CORES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID YIELD; WHEAT AB It is now well established that soil compaction of agricultural land used for crop production is a major problem. For basic laboratory investigations of soil compaction, it is important that multiple soil cores of varying bulk densities be reproduced within statistically acceptable ranges. A device was designed, constructed, and tested to consistently compact soil cores of varying dimensions and bulk densities. The device uses two opposing hydraulic cylinders to evenly compress soil samples. The compactor is designed to generate compacted cylinders varying from 50 to 100 mm in diameter and 25 to 150 mm in length. Bulk density values for 10 replications of a 150-mm soil cylinder with a 50-mm diameter did not vary significantly when compacted under a single pressure. Pressures of 0.35, 1.04, and 2.07 MPa produced cores having bulk densities of 1.66, 1.76, and 1.86 g cm-3, respectively. Approximately 10 cylinders per hour can be prepared with this device. RP TORBERT, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,BOX 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1942 EP 1944 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800048 ER PT J AU RUARK, GA ZARNOCH, SJ AF RUARK, GA ZARNOCH, SJ TI SOIL CARBON, NITROGEN, AND FINE ROOT BIOMASS SAMPLING IN A PINE STAND SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FOREST SOILS AB Spatial variability of soil properties can be great in forested settings. A study was conducted to determine the most-efficient methodology for sampling surface mineral soils in a mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest for total C, total N, and fine root biomass to obtain stand level estimates. Specifically, we evaluated the variation within and among plots, the performance of small- and large-diameter corers, the effect of stem proximity, the influence of fine roots on soil C and N estimates, and the effect of compositing samples. We concluded that (i) C and N levels always increased with proximity to stems; (ii) proximity to a stem did not affect mean fine root biomass estimates; (iii) variability of the estimates of C and N consistently decreased with increased distance from the stem, but no trend occurred for fine root biomass; (iv) for total stand estimates of N and fine root biomass, stratification with respect to tree stems does not yield a gain in precision, for C precision increased only slightly; (v) C associated with fine roots represented almost-equal-to 5% of the total C in a core sample, while N in roots was < 2% of its total; (vi) for C and N estimates, the variation with a 1.8-cm-diam. core was similar to that obtained with a 6.1-cm core; and (vii) chemical analyses could be reduced and precision maintained by compositing the soil core samples. C1 US FOREST SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP RUARK, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1945 EP 1950 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800049 ER PT J AU POPENOE, JH BEVIS, KA GORDON, BR STURHAN, NK HAUXWELL, DL AF POPENOE, JH BEVIS, KA GORDON, BR STURHAN, NK HAUXWELL, DL TI SOIL VEGETATION RELATIONSHIPS IN FRANCISCAN TERRAIN OF NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER AB This study sought to discover how soil and vegetation patterns are related in the mountains of northwestern California. Soils were comPared by vegetation-epipedon type and drainage class, with elevation as a covariate. Vegetation types were (i) open prairie, (ii) conifer-invaded prairie, (iii) oak woodland, (iv) conifer forest with umbric or mollic epipedon, and (v) conifer forest with ochric epipedon. The level of organic carbon (OC) was similar in the upper 10 cm of mineral soil under all vegetation types, but soils under forest and oak woodland had less cumulative OC and N, and a greater decrease with depth than soils under prairie. Ochric epipedons under forest had wider C/N ratios than umbric and mollic epipedons under other vegetation types. Exchangeable Ca2+ and base saturation decreased with increasing elevation. Exchangeable Ca2+ decreased with depth under oak woodland and forest, and pH decreased with depth under oak woodland. Under prairie, pH increased with depth, and Ca2+ exhibited little change. Soils under prairie and invaded prairie had lower exchangeable K+ in upper horizons than soils under forest or oak woodland. Drainage-impaired subsoils had higher bulk density, pH, and exchangeable Call than well-drained subsoils. Conifer invasion was restricted to well-drained soils. Except for conifer-invaded prairie, closely associated soil and vegetation patterns indicated that the vegetation mosaic has persisted for a long time. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86004. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT NAT RESOURCES,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ARCATA,CA 95521. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP POPENOE, JH (reprint author), REDWOOD NATL PK,NATL PK SERV,POB 7,ORICK,CA 95555, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1951 EP 1959 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800050 ER PT J AU COCHRAN, VL SCHLENTNER, SF AF COCHRAN, VL SCHLENTNER, SF TI FERTILIZER PLACEMENT FOR CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILLAGE BARLEY IN THE SUB-ARCTIC SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SPRING WHEAT; N-15; ZERO AB Banding all fertilizer near the seed at planting saves time and often increases nutrient uptake and yields of small grains, but adds to the cost of the drill. Some growers have successfully banded all of the fertilizer with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in cold soils. This study compares banding 100, 66, 34, and 0% of the fertilizer with the seed and placing the remainder in a deep band between rows and broadcasting all fertilizer. Fertilizer rates were 90, 20, 37, and 18 Kg ba-1 of N, P, K, and S, respectively; area was the N source. Both tilled and no-till treatments were included on a Volkmar silt loam (coarse-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed Aquic Cryochrept) at Delta Junction, AK. Banding 100% of the fertilizer with the seed in field studies reduced emergence 2 of 3 yr for both tillage treatments, but did not affect nutrient uptake or yields. Nitrogen uptake and grain yields were reduced by broadcasting the fertilizer in no-till but was not affected in the tilled treatments. Seedling injury from urea applied with barley seed at soil temperatures of 5, 15, and 25-degrees-C was evaluated in root-zone temperature chambers using Tanana silt loam (loamy, mixed, nonacid Pergelic Cryaquept). These studies confirmed that percentage of emergence increased with reduced sod temperature when urea was placed with the seed, but that emergence rate was delayed at all temperatures. This indicates that the risk of injury from banding urea with the seed is less in cold soil than in warm soil, but there is still danger of injury to the crop. RP COCHRAN, VL (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,309 ONEILL BLDG,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1978 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800053 ER PT J AU AHUJA, LR WILLIAMS, RD AF AHUJA, LR WILLIAMS, RD TI SCALING WATER CHARACTERISTIC AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY BASED ON GREGSON-HECTOR-MCGOWAN APPROACH - REPLY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP AHUJA, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1981 EP 1981 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800056 ER PT J AU WILKEMEYER, M STANKOVICS, J FOY, T LEDLEY, FD AF WILKEMEYER, M STANKOVICS, J FOY, T LEDLEY, FD TI PROPIONATE METABOLISM IN CULTURED HUMAN-CELLS AFTER OVEREXPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT METHYLMALONYL COA MUTASE - IMPLICATIONS FOR SOMATIC GENE-THERAPY SO SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; INBORN-ERRORS; CARNITINE METABOLISM; COBALAMIN METABOLISM; RAT HEPATOCYTES; FIBROBLASTS; TRANSDUCTION; COOPERATION; EXPRESSION; ACIDURIA AB Strategies for somatic gene therapy must consider the metabolic consequences of expressing the recombinant gene product in addition to methods for gene transfer and expression. We describe studies of propionate metabolism in cultured cells transfected with methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCM), the enzyme deficient in mut methylmalonic acidemia. Transfection of MCM into mut fibroblasts restores propionate metabolism to normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of MCM, or the addition of excess propionate, carnitine, or cobalamin, does not increase propionate metabolism in normal human fibroblasts, lymphoblasts, or hepatoma cells, although hepatic cells exhibit > 10-fold higher levels of propionate metabolism. Significantly, the restoration of propionate metabolism in mut fibroblasts is disproportionately greater than the efficiency of transfection, suggesting the presence of a cooperative phenomenon between cells. Intercellular participation in propionate metabolism is evident in cocultures of MCM-deficient and propionyl CoA carboxylase-deficient cells. We conclude that the liver is the preferred target for gene therapy of MCM deficiency because of its greater capacity for propionate metabolism and that cooperation between cells could enhance the biological effect of a subpopulation of cells transformed with recombinant MCM. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV PECS,MED SCH PECS,DEPT PEDIAT,H-7621 PECS,HUNGARY. RP WILKEMEYER, M (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-24064, HD-24186] NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0740-7750 J9 SOMAT CELL MOLEC GEN JI Somat.Cell Mol.Genet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 18 IS 6 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1007/BF01232646 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KN691 UT WOS:A1992KN69100002 PM 1363155 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM VANDENBERG, RG AF SPOONER, DM VANDENBERG, RG TI SPECIES LIMITS AND HYPOTHESES OF HYBRIDIZATION OF SOLANUM-BERTHAULTII HAWKES AND S-TARIJENSE HAWKES - MORPHOLOGICAL DATA SO TAXON LA English DT Article ID CULTIVATED DIPLOID POTATO; X AJANHUIRI JUZ; MOLECULAR REEXAMINATION; ORIGIN; WILD; RAPHANIFOLIUM; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; TRICHOMES; ARGENTINA AB Solanum berthaultii Hawkes and S. tarijense Hawkes have been recognized as distinct species by all authors since their description in 1944. Some authors have considered them as sister species, but more recently they have been treated as unrelated species belonging to separate superseries. Hypotheses of species boundaries and hybridization have been examined using principal components analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, and one-way analysis of variance. 25 morphological characters measured on four individuals from each of 84 living accessions from throughout their natural range were analysed. Extensive intra-accession, intraspecific, and interspecific variability have been found in many characters, including those previously given great taxonomic weight. 9 characters show no statistically significant differences between species or putative interspecific hybrids. The remaining 16 characters show statistically significant differences between species and putative hybrids, but show so much variability that repeatable identifications of some accessions would require the use of population samples. The data suggest the possibility that the two species should be treated as one. Other currently-recognized species within S. sect. Petota may need to be reevaluated for synonymy. The results also question the hypotheses of extensive hybridization, interpretation of series designations, and the phylogenetic interpretation of corolla shape at the superseries level in S. sect. Petota. C1 WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT PLANT TAXONOMY,6700 ED WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 1992 VL 41 IS 4 BP 685 EP 700 DI 10.2307/1222394 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA KA169 UT WOS:A1992KA16900004 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK AF ANDREWS, BAK TI SAFE, COMFORTABLE, DURABLE PRESS COTTONS - A NATURAL PROGRESSION FOR A NATURAL FIBER SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE COTTON; COTTON FINISHING; DURABLE PRESS; FINISHING; FORMALDEHYDE; FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE; UREA FORMALDEHYDE AB The evolution of smooth drying cottons from the early days of wash-and-wear to today's low- or no-formaldehyde durable press fabrics is reviewed. Improvements in finish durability are traced. The importance of basic studies that reveal mechanisms for crosslinking and resistance to hydrolysis is emphasized. Agents were developed that had superior resistance to loss of textile performance during laundering and to damage from retained chlorine. Finishes were produced that met the environmental challenge of increasingly stringent formaldehyde standards. Methodology for releasable formaldehyde from finished fabrics has evolved from crude sniff tests to sophisticated instrumental assays of both fabric and air. Finishing has expanded to enable the finisher to be a part of the quick response or just-in-time response to the import problem. It has been a proper balance of basic and applied research that has made possible the natural progression of cotton from a high maintenance textile to a safe, comfortable, durable press fabric. RP ANDREWS, BAK (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 11 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA JY747 UT WOS:A1992JY74700003 ER PT J AU WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF DEVINE, TE AF WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF DEVINE, TE TI MOLECULAR MARKERS LOCATED PROXIMAL TO THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE RESISTANCE GENE, RHG4 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JY222 UT WOS:A1992JY22200002 PM 24197295 ER PT J AU NAMKOONG, G JONSSON, A ERIKSSON, G AF NAMKOONG, G JONSSON, A ERIKSSON, G TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN NUTRIENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE NUTRIENT RESPONSE; GENETIC VARIANCE; GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; SEEDLING GROWTH ID GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; VARIABILITY; GROWTH AB Genetic differences in the non-linear growth response function of Pinus sylvestris seedlings to five nutrient levels are analyzed to estimate the causes of variation. Analyses of genotypic differences as quadratic response functions, as stability coefficients, and as separable functions indicate that the estimation of genetic effects can vary widely depending on the analytical model assumed. The existence of different reaction norms is demonstrated. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,FAC FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST GENET,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP NAMKOONG, G (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BOX 7614,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JY222 UT WOS:A1992JY22200007 PM 24197300 ER PT J AU KRESOVICH, S WILLIAMS, JGK MCFERSON, JR ROUTMAN, EJ SCHAAL, BA AF KRESOVICH, S WILLIAMS, JGK MCFERSON, JR ROUTMAN, EJ SCHAAL, BA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC IDENTITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS OF BRASSICA-OLERACEA L VIA A RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA ASSAY SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA TYPING; GENETIC SIMILARITY; GENETIC STRUCTURE; GENETIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION; VEGETABLE AND FORAGE COLE CROPS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RAPA SYN CAMPESTRIS; PRIMERS; CONSERVATION; RFLPS; PCR AB Effective conservation and the use of plant genetic resources are essential for future agricultural progress. Critical to this conservation effort is the development of genetic markers which not only distinguish individuals and accessions but also reflect the inherent variation and genetic relationships among collection holdings. We have examined the applicability of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay for quick, cost-effective, and reliable use in addressing these needs in relation to collection organization and management. Twenty-five decamer oligonucleotide primers were screened individually with a test array composed of individuals representing a range of genetic relationships in Brassica oleracea L. (vegetable and forage cole crops). Over 140 reproducible, polymorphic fragments were generated for study. Each individual of the test array exhibited a unique molecular genotype and composites specific for accessions and botanical varieties could be established. An analysis of similarity based on amplified DNA fragments reflected the known genetic relationships among the selected entries. These results demonstrated that RAPD markers can be of great value in gene bank management for purposes of identification, measurement of variation, and establishment of genetic similarity at the intraspecific level. C1 DUPONT CO,DEPT CENT RES & DEV,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & NEUROBIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP KRESOVICH, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 26 TC 139 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 190 EP 196 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JY222 UT WOS:A1992JY22200011 PM 24197304 ER PT J AU KUNZLER, RA CLARK, DH MARCINKOWSKI, DP AF KUNZLER, RA CLARK, DH MARCINKOWSKI, DP TI CHANGES IN VULVAR AND VESTIBULAR TISSUE OF THE BOVINE DURING THE ESTROUS-CYCLE AS DETERMINED BY THE USE OF NEAR-INFRARED INTERACTANCE SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ESTRUS DETECTION; VULVA; VESTIBULE ID ESTRUS AB Near-infrared interactance spectra of the vulva and vestibule of cows were analyzed throughout the estrous cycle to determine if they could be used to detect tissue changes that are associated with estrus. The spectra were collected daily from 16 cyclic Holstein cows beginning at 40 days post partum and continuing for 3 estrous cycles, or until pregnancy was verified. Spectra collected on the day when estrus was exhibited were compared with spectra collected on the nonestrous days. There were spectral differences at 1695 to 1705, at 1790 to 1800 and at 1880 to 1900 nm (P<0.05), regions that are associated with changes in carbohydrate, protein, and water content of the tissues, respectively. Discriminant analysis of interactance measurements at the significant wavelengths was used to develop an equation to predict the day of estrus. The error rate associated with the equation was 26%. Results indicate that near-infrared analysis can detect changes in vestibular and vulvar tissue during the estrous cycle. However, accurate estrus detection using near-infrared interactance techniques will require additional study to reduce variation in the results. C1 USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP KUNZLER, RA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 5 BP 935 EP 944 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90167-P PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA JW830 UT WOS:A1992JW83000013 PM 16727191 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, RL JOHNSON, CE KOOLEN, AJ GUPTA, SC HORN, R AF SCHAFER, RL JOHNSON, CE KOOLEN, AJ GUPTA, SC HORN, R TI FUTURE-RESEARCH NEEDS IN SOIL COMPACTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; RESEARCH ID INTERFACE STRESS MEASUREMENTS; TRAFFIC LANES; AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES; CROP PRODUCTION; ROOT-GROWTH; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; STATES; MODEL AB Knowledge of soil compaction and the relation of soil compaction to the cropping system are important inputs for effective management of soil physical condition to improve crop production. The desired degree of compaction depends on the intended purpose; for example, the requirements for traction and mobility are quite different from those for infiltration and root propagation. Much information has been learned in the last two decades with regard to soil compaction behavior and its implications for crop production. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in the description and modeling of soil compaction behavior, in relating soil compaction behavior to agronomic responses (biological and physical) and to conservation of soil and water resources, and in describing and modeling other aspects of soil compaction so that management decisions can be made in production agriculture and conservation of natural resources. A description of the necessary coupling of the engineering mechanics aspects of soil compaction to the agronomic aspects of crop production is emphasized. Research challenges are described which must be pursued in order to provide the knowledge and models that are needed as tools in the management of compaction in soil-machine-plant systems. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,SOIL TILLAGE LAB,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV KIEL,DEPT SOIL SCI & PLANT NUTR,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. RP SCHAFER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 85 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1770 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400003 ER PT J AU ADAM, KM ERBACH, DC AF ADAM, KM ERBACH, DC TI SECONDARY TILLAGE TOOL EFFECT ON SOIL AGGREGATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MOISTURE CONTENT; AGGREGATE; TILLAGE ID STABILITY AB A field experiment was conducted to study effect of tillage tool type on soil aggregation and soil aggregate properties when tillage was done over a range of soil moisture contents. Tillage with a tandem disk harrow and C-shank field cultivator was done at moisture contents from 12.8 to 21% dry-weight basis. Aggregate size was determined by computing mean-weight-diameter by use of a rotary sieve. Aggregate-mechanical-stability, defined as the difference between mean-weight-diameters after and before a drop shatter treatment and normalized by dividing by initial mean-weight-diameter, was used to evaluate stability of aggregates formed by tillage. Aggregate strength was determined by maximum force and energy needed to crush individual aggregates. Though data were variable, tillage with a tandem disk harrow tended to produce larger and stronger soil aggregates than did tillage with a C-shank field cultivator. Aggregates formed by tillage at a moisture content greater than the lower plastic limit were larger and required greater force to crush than did aggregates formed at lower moisture contents. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP ADAM, KM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1771 EP 1776 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400004 ER PT J AU SINGH, KK COLVIN, TS ERBACH, DC MUGHAL, AQ AF SINGH, KK COLVIN, TS ERBACH, DC MUGHAL, AQ TI TILTH INDEX - AN APPROACH TO QUANTIFYING SOIL TILTH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; TILTH INDEX ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; COMPACTION; PENETROMETER; STRENGTH AB Tilth is a qualitative term that describes the physical state of soil. There is need for a quantitative understanding of soil tilth to help scientists, engineers, and farmers better understand how to manage soil. A ''tilth index'' based upon five soil physical properties was developed to quantify tilth. Values of bulk density, cone index, aggregate uniformity coefficient, organic matter content, and plasticity index were used to calculate an index, that ranges from zero for conditions unusable by the plant to one for a soil that is nonlimiting for plant growth. The tilth index was evaluated in field experiments near Ames, Iowa, and Waseca, Minnesota. The tilth index significantly changed during the cropping season. The tilth index was increased by tillage and planting operations and then decreased with time until harvest. The tilth index was positively correlated (r2 ranging from 0.15 to 0.86, with 10 of 16 values more than 0.60) with yields of com and soybean. When compared with a modified productivity index the tilth index was more responsive to tillage and provided better correlations with crop yield. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP SINGH, KK (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 59 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1777 EP 1785 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400005 ER PT J AU EISENHAUER, DE HEERMANN, DF KLUTE, A AF EISENHAUER, DE HEERMANN, DF KLUTE, A TI SURFACE SEALING EFFECTS ON INFILTRATION WITH SURFACE IRRIGATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE INFILTRATION; SURFACE SEAL; OVERLAND FLOW; IRRIGATION ID FURROW INFILTRATION; SOILS AB A numerical model was used to simulate one-dimensional infiltration of overland flow into surface sealed soils. Three soil textures were studied. The hydraulic. conductance of the surface seals as a function of time and the hydraulic properties of subseal materials were obtained from laboratory data. Infiltration was not always significantly influenced by surface sealing. Sealing had the most control on infiltration when the seal was already present at the beginning of the irrigation. With a silty clay loam soil, reductions in cumulative infiltration were as high as 20 and 49% when the media below the seal was layered and uniform respectively. The relative effect of sealing on infiltration was sensitive to the mathematical form and hydraulic parameters of the hydraulic conductivity function of the material beneath the seal. Subsidence of the tilled zone between water applications, to a pre-tillage density and hydraulic conductivity, significantly affected infiltration. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP EISENHAUER, DE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1799 EP 1807 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400007 ER PT J AU JAYNES, DB RICE, RC HUNSAKER, DJ AF JAYNES, DB RICE, RC HUNSAKER, DJ TI SOLUTE TRANSPORT DURING CHEMIGATION OF A LEVEL BASIN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FLOOD IRRIGATION; LEACHING ID FLOOD IRRIGATION; FIELD; WATER; SOIL; VARIABILITY; BROMIDE; TRACERS; MODEL AB Chemigation can be an efficient means of applying agricultural chemicals, however little research has been done to assess leaching of chemicals applied with chemigation. This study compared the leaching behavior of two conservative mobile tracers, one (Br) applied in the irrigation water and a second (o-TFMBA) sprayed onto the soil surface immediately before irrigation. Sixteen days after irrigation, sixty-six, 42-mm diameter soil cores were taken to a depth of 2 m from within the sprayed plots. The soil cores were sectioned into eight 0.25-m long cores from which Br and o-TFMBA were extracted. Tracer distributions exhibited considerable variability across the basin, with the o-TFMBA tracer generally exhibiting less erratic behavior than the Br. Only Br, which was applied with the irrigation water, showed significant trends between mass recovered and position within the basin. The o-TFMBA exhibited less leaching with the mean depth of tracer penetration being 0.42 m. Bromide showed significantly (P = 0.05) deeper penetration of the soil profile with a mean depth of leaching for the recovered Br being 0.69-m, or about 60% deeper than the o-TFMBA. Results indicate that chemigation may actually increase rather than decrease deep leaching of agricultural chemicals. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP JAYNES, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1815 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400008 ER PT J AU RICE, CE KADAVY, KC AF RICE, CE KADAVY, KC TI RIPRAP DESIGN FOR SAF STILLING BASINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE STILLING BASIN; RIPRAP; SCOUR AB Physical model tests were conducted to determine criteria for the size and placement of riprap downstream of SAF stilling basins to ensure basin integrity. Relationships are presented to determine the depth, width, and length for preformed scour holes as a function of the Froude number and riprap size. Results show that the riprap size required for stability increases exponentially with Froude number. Smaller riprap is required for stability if the riprap is recessed below the elevation of die basin floor. For level riprap placement, larger riprap is required for stability when the riprap is placed at die end sill elevation compared to placement at the basin floor elevation. RP RICE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1817 EP 1825 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400009 ER PT J AU MCGREGOR, KC MUTCHLER, CK AF MCGREGOR, KC MUTCHLER, CK TI SOIL LOSS FROM CONSERVATION TILLAGE FOR SORGHUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL LOSS ID COTTON; COVER AB Soil loss was measured from ridge-till, reduced-till (no-till plant and cultivate), no-till, and conventional-till grain sorghum on 22.1-m long, up-and-down-hill erosion plots. Soil loss ratios were computed from measurements for each crop stage of the tillage systems for use in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to estimate soil loss. Annual soil loss from the ridge-till sorghum averaged 5.7 t/ha compared to 7.8 t/ha from conventional-till and 3.3 t/ha from reduced-till. Greater losses from the ridge-till than from reduced-till were attributed to erosiveness of the higher ridges in ridge-till. No-till was far superior to the other systems in controlling erosion. Soil loss was 2 t/ha following conventional-till cotton. Significantly, no-till soil loss after no-till cotton was reduced to 0.3 t/ha. RP MCGREGOR, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1841 EP 1845 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400012 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ SKIDMORE, EL SALEH, A AF HAGEN, LJ SKIDMORE, EL SALEH, A TI WIND EROSION - PREDICTION OF AGGREGATE ABRASION COEFFICIENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WIND EROSION; ABRASION; AGGREGATES; CRUSH ENERGY ID SOIL AB Among the major factors controlling wind erodibility of soils are the abrasion coefficients of the soil crust and aggregates. Here, the abrasion coefficient is defined as the abraded soil loss per unit area for each unit mass of abrader passing a unit across-wind width and has units (1/m). However, measuring abrasion coefficients directly in the field is not convenient. So, in field plot studies, energy to crush aggregates (CE) has been measured and related to intrinsic soil properties. In this study, wind tunnel tests were used to develop a prediction equation for aggregate abrasion coefficients as a function of Ln(CE) of aggregates and crusts. C1 USDA ARS,BIG SPRING,TX. RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1847 EP 1850 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400013 ER PT J AU LU, R SIEBENMORGEN, TJ DILDAY, RH COSTELLO, TA AF LU, R SIEBENMORGEN, TJ DILDAY, RH COSTELLO, TA TI MODELING LONG-GRAIN RICE MILLING QUALITY AND YIELD DURING THE HARVEST SEASON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RICE; MILLING; QUALITY; YIELDS; HARVEST; MODELING ID MOISTURE ADSORPTION; ROUGH RICE AB Three mathematical models were developed to predict percent milled rice (PMR), percent head rice (PHR), and field yield (FY) of long-grain varieties as a function of rice moisture content (m.c.) at harvest. The concept of potential yield was used in the model development. The actual yield was equal to the potential yield minus the yield reduction caused by specific weather conditions. The PMR and PHR models were validated using experimental data collected for three long-grain rice varieties from 1987 to 1990. The potential FY model was validated using the data reported by Morse et al. (1967) and Bal and Ojha (1975). Predicted PMRs compared well with the experimental data with the average prediction errors of less than 1.9 percentage points. The average differences between the predicted and measured PHRs were less than 2.4 percentage points when rice was harvested between 13 and 24% m.c. Large prediction errors (more than 5 percentage points) were obtained in limited cases where rice was harvested at m.c.s greater than 24% or less than 13%. The predicted FYs compared reasonably well with the experimental data by Morse et al. (1967) and Bal and Ojha (1975) with the average errors of 3.5 and 6.8%, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR. UNIV ARKANSAS,RICE RES & EXTEN CTR,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP LU, R (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1913 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400022 ER PT J AU BOHNHOFF, DR MOODY, RC WILLIAMS, GD AF BOHNHOFF, DR MOODY, RC WILLIAMS, GD TI TENSILE-STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS OF SPLICED MECHANICALLY LAMINATED POSTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Note DE LAMINATION; NAIL-LAMINATED WALL COLUMNS; NAILS; TENSILE STRENGTH; MODELING; TIMBER CONSTRUCTION; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; LUMBER AB Thirty, spliced, mechanically laminated posts were evaluated in tension to determine their tensile strength and stiffness. The 30 posts consisted of five replicates of six designs fabricated with No. 1 Dense Southern Pine lumber. The strength of all six designs was controlled by the strength of the mechanical fasteners used to laminate the assemblies. The allowable tensile strength of unspliced posts, as calculated according to NFPA National Design Specifications, was shown to be 6.6 to 7.4 times greater than the calculated design tensile strength of spliced nail-laminated posts without butt joint reinforcement. With proper use of butt joint reinforcement, post strength was substantially increased. Finite element methods of analysis can be used to predict the distribution of tensile forces in spliced posts. However, the accuracy of such predictions was shown to be highly dependent on the load-slip parameters used to model the behavior of mechanical connections. C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI. RP BOHNHOFF, DR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1965 EP 1972 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP124 UT WOS:A1992KP12400031 ER PT J AU WELCH, BL NELSON, ED YOUNG, SA SANDS, AR WAGSTAFF, FJ NELSON, DL AF WELCH, BL NELSON, ED YOUNG, SA SANDS, AR WAGSTAFF, FJ NELSON, DL TI GORDON CREEK - A SUPERIOR, TESTED GERMPLASM OF WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH SO USDA FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE PREFERENCE; WINTER RANGE; NUTRITIVE VALUE; ESTABLISHMENT; REVEGETATION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; MULE DEER; SAGE GROUSE; REHABILITATION; BROWSE PLANTS AB A superior germplasm of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) has been evaluated for revegetating mule deer winter ranges and sage grouse habitats, and restoring disturbed lands. This germplasm, 'Gordon Creek', can increase the level of energy, protein, phosphorus, and carotene in the diet of wintering mule deer. 'Gordon Creek' is adapted to drier sites than 'Hobble Creek', a previously released germplasm of mountain big sagebrush. We describe the need for the germplasm, its nutrient content, areas of adaptation, and procedures for establishing it. RP WELCH, BL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV INT EXP STA PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 SN 0146-3551 J9 USDA FOR SERV INT R JI USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 1992 IS 461 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KM525 UT WOS:A1992KM52500001 ER PT J AU DOLPH, KL AF DOLPH, KL TI PREDICTING HEIGHT INCREMENT OF YOUNG-GROWTH RED FIR IN CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN OREGON SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE STEM ANALYSIS; INCREMENT (HEIGHT); CALIFORNIA; OREGON; RED FIR; CALIFORNIA RED FIR; SHASTA RED FIR AB An equation is given to estimate 10-year height increment for young-growth red fir trees in California and southern Oregon. The independent variables are the individual tree, stand, and site characteristics significantly related to a tree's height growth. Data used to develop the equation came from stem analysis of 492 trees sampled from 56 stands in the study area. Parameter estimates for the predictive equation were obtained using least-squares linear regression. RP DOLPH, KL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC FOREST RES STN,SILVICULTURE CALIF CONIFER TYPES RES UNIT,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI BERKELEY PA PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STN PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 SN 0363-5988 J9 USDA FOR SERV PSW R JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Southwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 1992 IS 214 BP R1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KW433 UT WOS:A1992KW43300001 ER PT J AU MARSDEN, MA AF MARSDEN, MA TI SENSITIVITY ANALYSES OF THE WESTERN ROOT DISEASE-MODEL TO USER-SPECIFIED STARTING PARAMETERS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STATISTICS; ROOT DISEASE AB Tests of the Western Root Disease Model identify the user-supplied parameters to which the model is most sensitive. A series of simulation runs are arranged as a designed experiment. Analysis of variance is used to identify significant starting conditions based on attributes of the stand simulations. Probability plots of the sum of squares associated with the model parameters are used to rank effects. This gives the user a reference for the relative effect of each parameter. Short-term model simulations without the harvest of trees are sensitive to such parameters as the proportion of trees infected and the proportion of root systems colonized. Long-term simulations are more sensitive to such parameters as initial area infected and number of disease centers. Model simulations with harvest are sensitive to the removal of stumps and the planting of resistant species. RP MARSDEN, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 1992 IS RM-306 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KR607 UT WOS:A1992KR60700001 ER PT J AU CLOUD, SS LILLEHOJ, HS ROSENBERGER, JK AF CLOUD, SS LILLEHOJ, HS ROSENBERGER, JK TI IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH CHICKEN ANEMIA AGENT AND INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS .1. KINETIC ALTERATIONS OF AVIAN LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLUE WING DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MSB1-TK5803 STRAIN; MAREKS-DISEASE; BREEDER FLOCKS; UNITED-STATES; CAA; ANTIGENS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PATHOGENICITY AB The potential effect of chicken anemia agent (CAA) alone or in combination with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on the immune system of young chickens was determined by measuring alterations in hematocrit values, lymphoid organ-to-body weight ratios and lymphoid cell concentrations at 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28 and 42 days post-inoculation (PI). Lymphocyte subpopulations were identified and counted by flow cytometry using cell suspensions stained with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) for panlymphocytes (K55), cytotoxic T-cells (CTLA3), T-helper cells (CT3), Ia-expressing cells (P2M11) and macrophages (P7). Chicken anemia agent induced a substantial but transient decrease in hematocrit value, thymus-to-body weight ratio and bursa-to-body weight ratio between 7 and 21 days PI corresponding to a generalized lymphocytopenia in the thymus, bursa and spleen. However, cytotoxic T-cell, T-helper cell and Ia-expressing cell concentrations increased in the bone marrow of birds inoculated with CAA alone or in combination with IBDV during the same time period. T-helper-to-cytoxic T-cell ratios increased in the thymus and spleen during severe lymphocytopenia, indicating a selective decrease in cytotoxic T-cells. T-helper-to-cytotoxic T-cells ratios increased in the bone marrow, indicating a selective increase in T-helper cell concentrations. The increase in Ia-expressing cells in the bone marrow may be a reflection of increased number of activated T-cells which express Ia antigen. Infectious bursal disease virus alone induced a persistent depression of Ia-expressing cells in the bursa and the spleen and no measurable change in the bone marrow lymphocyte subpopulations. Chickens inoculated simultaneously with CAA and IBDV experienced clinical signs observed in chickens inoculated with each virus separately with a prolonged acute phase prior to recovery or mortality. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CLOUD, SS (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM,DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN,NEWARK,DE 19717, USA. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90174-O PG 16 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JZ066 UT WOS:A1992JZ06600011 PM 1333676 ER PT J AU CLOUD, SS ROSENBERGER, JK LILLEHOJ, HS AF CLOUD, SS ROSENBERGER, JK LILLEHOJ, HS TI IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH CHICKEN ANEMIA AGENT AND INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS .2. ALTERATIONS OF INVITRO LYMPHOPROLIFERATION AND INVIVO IMMUNE-RESPONSES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARYNGOTRACHEITIS HERPESVIRUS-INFECTION; MSB1-TK5803 STRAIN; BREEDER FLOCKS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODY; CELL; CAA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PATHOGENICITY; LYMPHOCYTES AB To determine the functional impact of alterations in lymphocyte concentrations and ratios following infection with chicken anemia agent (CAA) alone or in combination with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on the immune system of young chickens, in vitro lymphoproliferation assays and in vivo responses to vaccination with several common viral agents were assessed at various time intervals post-inoculation (PI). Concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PRA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation of splenic lymphocytes (SPL) collected from control birds could not be detected until 10-14 days PI. Infection with CAA was characterized by significantly higher PWM stimulation of SPL at 17 days PI and significantly lower PWM stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at 14 days PI, compared with uninfected controls. Concanavalin A and PWM stimulation of SPL was significantly increased in birds inoculated with IBDV alone. Lymphocytes harvested from birds inoculated simultaneously with CAA and IBDV had significantly lower responses. Effects on humoral and cell-mediated immunity following CAA and/or IBDV were determined by evaluating vaccination responses to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), fowl pox virus (FPV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) during the acute phase of CAA infection (2 weeks PI). Vaccination of birds 2 weeks following CAA infection at 1 day of age resulted in decreased protection against NDV (85.7%) and ILTV (7.1%) challenge compared with protection rates in control birds (100% and 53.3% respectively). Infectious bursal disease virus infection was associated with decreased protection against NDV (60%) only. Concomitant infection at 1 day of age resulted in a greater reduction in NDV challenge protection (33.3%), slightly decreased FPV protection (87.5%), increased numbers of persistent FPV vaccination lesions and increased protection against ILTV challenge (71.4%). Vaccination of birds 2 weeks following CAA infection at 2 weeks of age resulted in slightly decreased NDV humoral antibody, development of persistent FPV vaccination lesions (17%) and increased immunity to ILTV challenge compared with control birds (83.3% vs. 66.7%). Chickens inoculated with IBDV alone displayed a more severe depression in NDV antibody titers and only a slight decrease in ILTV protection. Vaccination following concomitant infection at 2 weeks of age resulted in a higher percentage of FPV persistent vaccination lesions (39%) and greatly enhanced immunity to ILTV challenge (100%). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CLOUD, SS (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM,DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN,NEWARK,DE 19717, USA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90175-P PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JZ066 UT WOS:A1992JZ06600012 PM 1333677 ER PT J AU RIPPY, MK TOPPER, MJ MEBUS, CA MORRILL, JC AF RIPPY, MK TOPPER, MJ MEBUS, CA MORRILL, JC TI RIFT-VALLEY FEVER VIRUS-INDUCED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND HEPATITIS IN CALVES SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALVES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; HEPATITIS; RIFT VALLEY FEVER AB Three calves (Nos. 1, 2 = 7 days old; No. 3 = 21 days old) were inoculated subcutaneously with virulent Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. All calves became viremic and clinically ill, but the two 7-day-old calves were moribund and were euthanatized subsequently on post-inoculation day (PID) 3. Highest viral titers were measured in the serum, with lesser concentrations in the brain, heart, spleen, and liver of these animals. Viral antigens were detected by immunohistochemical analysis only in the livers, where positive staining was localized in coalescing foci of hepatocellular necrosis. The 21-day-old calf appeared to recover after viremia and pyrexia but became lethargic and ataxic and was euthanatized on PID 9. The calf was no longer viremic, and RVF virus was isolated only from the brain. Microscopic examination of the central nervous system revealed diffuse perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and macrophages, multifocal meningitis, and focal areas of neuronal necrosis and aggregates of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils throughout all regions of the brain and cervical spinal cord. There was positive immunohistochemical staining for viral antigens within the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells throughout the central nervous system. Thus, RVF virus can cause encephalomyelitis in calves, and the specific virologic diagnosis can be made by immunohistochemical localization of viral antigens in formalin-fixed tissues. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV PATHOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV DIS ASSESSMENT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,PLUM ISL ANIM RES CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 495 EP 502 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA JY748 UT WOS:A1992JY74800002 PM 1448895 ER PT J AU LAEGREID, WW BURRAGE, TG STONEMARSCHAT, M SKOWRONEK, A AF LAEGREID, WW BURRAGE, TG STONEMARSCHAT, M SKOWRONEK, A TI ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR ENDOTHELIAL INFECTION BY AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS VIRUS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS; ENDOTHELIUM; HORSES RP LAEGREID, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 554 EP 556 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA JY748 UT WOS:A1992JY74800015 PM 1448905 ER PT J AU MEEHAN, JT BROGDEN, KA COURTNEY, C CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD AF MEEHAN, JT BROGDEN, KA COURTNEY, C CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD TI CHRONIC PROLIFERATIVE RHINITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SALMONELLA-ARIZONAE IN SHEEP SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PROLIFERATIVE RHINITIS; SALMONELLAE-ARIZONAE; SHEEP ID INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS RP MEEHAN, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,NADC,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 556 EP 559 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA JY748 UT WOS:A1992JY74800016 PM 1448906 ER PT J AU BIETZ, JA SIMPSON, DG AF BIETZ, JA SIMPSON, DG TI ELECTROPHORESIS AND CHROMATOGRAPHY OF WHEAT PROTEINS - AVAILABLE METHODS, AND PROCEDURES FOR STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE DATA SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENDOSPERM STORAGE PROTEINS; RED WINTER-WHEAT; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES AB Analysis of gluten proteins from the wheat grain endosperm has long challenged the analytical chemist. Several hundred unique polypeptides are present, many in large polymers. This complexity, plus useful relationships of composition to genotype and quality, encouraged development and application of electrophoresis and chromatography for gluten analysis. We review the methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and high-performance liquid chromatography available for study of wheat proteins. Singly and in combination, they provide rapid, reproducible, high-resolution separations based on size, charge, or surface hydrophobicity. As challenging and important as the analyses themselves, however, is interpretation of data. Subjective evaluation is sometimes possible, but statistical methods such as similarity scores, clustering, principal components, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares now are increasingly used for data analysis. We review the use of these procedures, and precautions necessary to avoid misinterpretation of data. Optimal evaluation of protein analytical data will enhance the value of such analyses in wheat breeding, marketing, and processing. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT STAT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 200 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD OCT 30 PY 1992 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85674-I PG 28 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KE610 UT WOS:A1992KE61000006 PM 1494021 ER PT J AU STRANGE, ED MALIN, EL VANHEKKEN, DL AF STRANGE, ED MALIN, EL VANHEKKEN, DL TI CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND ELECTROPHORETIC METHODS USED FOR ANALYSIS OF MILK-PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; BOVINE CASEIN MICELLES; SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEOSE-PEPTONE FRACTION; CONTROLLED PORE-GLASS; HYDROPHOBIC-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; COLLOIDAL CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE AB Current knowledge of milk proteins and their behavior in dairy foods is based on early applications of chromatography and electrophoresis. Electrophoretic identification of the number and genetic variety of milk proteins inaugurated a research effort in which chromatographic techniques were successfully applied to the isolation of each milk protein, thus facilitating the characterization and further study of milk and dairy products. This review focuses on recent applications of chromatography for separations and analysis and on analytical applications of electrophoresis. RP STRANGE, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 200 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD OCT 30 PY 1992 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 102 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85675-J PG 22 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KE610 UT WOS:A1992KE61000007 PM 1494022 ER PT J AU BREIMAN, A FAWCETT, TW GHIRARDI, ML MATTOO, AK AF BREIMAN, A FAWCETT, TW GHIRARDI, ML MATTOO, AK TI PLANT ORGANELLES CONTAIN DISTINCT PEPTIDYLPROLYL CIS, TRANS-ISOMERASES SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID CIS-TRANS-ISOMERASE; CYTOSOLIC BINDING-PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYCLOSPORIN-A; CYCLOPHILIN; MEMBRANE; LIGANDS; LIVER AB Peptidylprolyl cis,trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity was detected in the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplast of pea plants. Cyclosporin A inhibited the activity largely localized to the mitochondrial matrix while rapamycin inhibited the PPIase activity associated with the mitochondrial membranes. Differential inhibition hy the two immunosuppressive drugs, the specific binding of these drugs to different mitochondrial fractions, and the immunological detection of a putative 25-kDa rapamycin-binding protein (RBP) in mitochondrial extracts attests to the presence in plant mitochondria of both cyclophilin and RBP classes of PPIases. Cyclosporin A-sensitive PPIase detected in the chloroplast was mostly localized to the thylakoids, which is suggestive of its function in the folding of membranal proteins. PPIase associated with the chloroplast stroma and the thylakoids was not inhibited by rapamycin nor was any cross-reactive RBP detected in chloroplast extracts. These results demonstrate the presence of distinct classes of PPIases in the mitochondria and the chloroplasts of plants. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BARC W,BLDG 006,RM 118,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 33 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 30 BP 21293 EP 21296 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JV011 UT WOS:A1992JV01100006 PM 1400439 ER PT J AU MCCAULEY, SW BARONAVSKI, AP RICE, JK GHIRARDI, ML MATTOO, AK AF MCCAULEY, SW BARONAVSKI, AP RICE, JK GHIRARDI, ML MATTOO, AK TI A SEARCH FOR SUBPICOSECOND ABSORPTION COMPONENTS IN PHOTOSYSTEM-II REACTION CENTERS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; PRIMARY ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE SEPARATION RATE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ENERGY-TRANSFER; COMPLEX; RESOLUTION AB The transient absorption kinetics of spinach photosystem II reaction centers were measured at 672 nm (detection bandwidth almost-equal-to 11 nm) following excitation at 310 nm. A temporal resolution of almost-equal-to 50 fs was used which is three times higher resolution than the current literature value. We observed a very fast absorption decrease with a rise time of 150 +/- 15 fs followed by a 13 +/- 4 ps recovery. The kinetics of the recovery step did not reveal a 3 ps component, however, a slight break in the data suggests a more complicated fit may explain the data as well or better. Based on a comparison of the rise time reported here and those reported by Durrant et al., the relaxation from S(n) to S(l) occurs very rapidly, within the 150 fs initial absorption decrease. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,CODE 6110,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 1992 VL 198 IS 5 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(92)80024-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JT385 UT WOS:A1992JT38500002 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI SOLIDS ANALYSIS BY GFAAS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; SLURRY SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; GLASS MATERIALS; HYDROFLUORIC-ACID; METAL EXTRACTION; FURNACE; ATOMIZATION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; MANGANESE; ELEMENTS RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 20 BP A964 EP A968 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JU109 UT WOS:A1992JU10900001 ER PT J AU KWANG, J CUTLIP, R AF KWANG, J CUTLIP, R TI ANALYSIS OF ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO OVINE LENTIVIRUS BY USING VIRAL GENE-PRODUCTS EXPRESSED IN A PROKARYOTIC SYSTEM SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; VISNA VIRUS; PROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS; SEQUENCE C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 188 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(92)92344-W PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JU247 UT WOS:A1992JU24700004 PM 1384477 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, WS STECK, GJ MCPHERON, BA AF SHEPPARD, WS STECK, GJ MCPHERON, BA TI GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF THE MEDFLY MAY BE DIFFERENTIATED BY MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; COLONIZATION AB Restriction enzyme cleavage sites of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the Mediterranean fruit fly were found to vary among introduced populations in the Neotropics. The survey included samples from 15 established natural populations and 5 laboratory cultures from Hawaii, Central America, South America and West Africa and samples from recent California infestations (1989, 1991). Based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms from 2 enzymes, Hawaii is an unlikely source for the 1989 and 1991 California infestations. Interpopulational variation in mtDNA demonstrates the potential for the technique to trace the process of colonization (geographic spread) by this insect. C1 FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. PENN STATE UNIV,INST MOLEC EVOLUTIONARY GENET,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP SHEPPARD, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI McPheron, Bruce/0000-0001-9623-5100 NR 15 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1013 DI 10.1007/BF01919155 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JW385 UT WOS:A1992JW38500018 ER PT J AU MACKO, V STIMMEL, MB WOLPERT, TJ DUNKLE, LD ACKLIN, W BANTELI, R JAUN, B ARIGONI, D AF MACKO, V STIMMEL, MB WOLPERT, TJ DUNKLE, LD ACKLIN, W BANTELI, R JAUN, B ARIGONI, D TI STRUCTURE OF THE HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS PRODUCED BY THE FUNGAL PATHOGEN PERICONIA-CIRCINATA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE MILO DISEASE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; D-ASPARTIC ACID; CYCLIZED 5-AMINO-3-HYDROXYLSINE; NATURALLY OCCURRING CYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVES ID NMR AB Four metabolites named peritoxins A and B and periconins A and B have been isolated together with the known metabolite circinatin from culture filtrates of the fungal pathogen Periconia circinata. Peritoxins A and B, which correspond to the P. circinata toxins Ia and IIa partially characterized in previous work, are selectively toxic to genotypes of Sorghum bicolor susceptible to the pathogen, whereas periconins A and B are biologically inactive. Combination of instrumental analysis and chemical degradation has led to structural assignments for each of the four compounds; only the configuration at some of the chiral centers remains undefined. Structural comparison suggests a precursor role for circinatin in the formation of the peritoxins and the periconins. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,ORGAN CHEM LAB,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP MACKO, V (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 20 BP 9574 EP 9578 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9574 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JT977 UT WOS:A1992JT97700043 PM 1409667 ER PT J AU AKOPYANZ, N BUKANOV, NO WESTBLOM, TU KRESOVICH, S BERG, DE AF AKOPYANZ, N BUKANOV, NO WESTBLOM, TU KRESOVICH, S BERG, DE TI DNA DIVERSITY AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI DETECTED BY PCR-BASED RAPD FINGERPRINTING SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; ARBITRARY PRIMERS AB The RAPD (or AP-PCR) DNA fingerprinting method was used to distinguish among clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium whose long term carriage is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric carcinomas. This method uses arbitrarily chosen oligonucleotides to prime DNA synthesis from genomic sites to which they are fortuitously matched, or almost matched. Most 10-nt primers with greater-than-or-equal-to 60% G+C yielded strain-specific arrays of up to 15 prominent fragments, as did most longer (greater-than-or-equal-to 17-nt) primers, whereas most 10-nt primers with 50% G+C did not. Each of 64 independent H.pylori isolates, 60 of which were from patients in the same hospital, was distinguishable with a single RAPD primer, which suggests a high level of DNA sequence diversity within this species. In contrast, isolates from initial and followup biopsies were indistinguishable in each of three cases tested. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL,CAMPUS BOX 8230,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. CORNELL UNIV,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,USDA ARS,GENEVA,NY 14456. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR05870]; NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00563] NR 27 TC 631 Z9 664 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT 11 PY 1992 VL 20 IS 19 BP 5137 EP 5142 DI 10.1093/nar/20.19.5137 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JV092 UT WOS:A1992JV09200027 PM 1408828 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DJ DEAN, DR NEWTON, WE AF SCOTT, DJ DEAN, DR NEWTON, WE TI NITROGENASE-CATALYZED ETHANE PRODUCTION AND CO-SENSITIVE HYDROGEN EVOLUTION FROM MOFE PROTEINS HAVING AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS IN AN ALPHA-SUBUNIT FEMO COFACTOR-BINDING DOMAIN SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IRON-MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE NITROGENASE; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; SUBSTRATE REDUCTION PROPERTIES; CONSERVED CYSTEINE RESIDUES; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; WILD-TYPE; VANADIUM-NITROGENASE; BETA-SUBUNIT AB Unlike wild type, certain Mo-dependent nitrogenases, which are expressed in non-N2-fixing mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii and have single amino acid substitutions within a region of the MoFe protein alpha-subunit proposed to encompass an FeMo cofactor-binding domain, are able to catalyze the reduction of acetylene by both two and four electrons to yield ethylene and ethane, respectively (Scott, D. J., May, H. D., Newton, W. E., Brigle, K. E., and Dean, D. R. (1990) Nature 343, 188-190). Although the V-dependent nitrogenase is also able to catalyze the reduction of acetylene to the same two- and four-electron products (Dilworth, M. J., Eady, R. R., Robson, R. L., and Miller, R. W. (1987) Nature 327, 167-168), we find that ethane formation from acetylene catalyzed by the altered Mo-dependent nitrogenases occurs by a different mechanism, which is distinguished by: (i) an increased sensitivity to CO; (ii) the absence of a lag; and (iii) no temperature dependence of product distribution among ethylene and ethane during acetylene reduction. An altered MoFe protein, which was purified from one such mutant strain having the alpha-subunit glutaminyl 191 residue substituted by lysyl, exhibited both a changed S = 3/2 EPR spectrum and changes in the distribution of electrons to various products when compared to wild type. Also, unlike wild type, this altered MoFe protein catalyzed proton reduction that is inhibited by carbon monoxide (CO). Because proton reduction catalyzed by a nitrogenase that has a FeMo cofactor with citrate rather than homocitrate as its organic constituent (Liang, J., Madden, M., Shah, V. K., and Burris, R. H. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 8577-8581) is also inhibited by CO, the possibility arose that changes in the polypeptide environment of FeMo cofactor might have caused a rearrangement in its molecular structure or composition. However, this possibility was ruled out by biochemical reconstitution studies (using FeMo cofactor isolated from both the wild-type and altered MoFe proteins), which were monitored by EPR spectroscopy and resulting catalytic activity. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & NUTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAEROB MICROBIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-37255] NR 66 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 28 BP 20002 EP 20010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JR858 UT WOS:A1992JR85800042 PM 1328190 ER PT J AU MEDINA, MB SCHWARTZ, DP AF MEDINA, MB SCHWARTZ, DP TI THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF ZERANOL AND ESTRADIOL IN FORTIFIED PLASMA AND TISSUE-EXTRACTS WITH FAST CORINTH-V SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ANABOLIC ESTROGENS; EDIBLE TISSUES; URINE; ZEARALENONE; METABOLITES; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AB In an attempt to improve sensitivity of thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis and selectivity of visualizing agents for detection of estrogenic anabolic hormones, several dyes were screened for their chromogenic interactions with estrone, estradiol, diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol (zearalanol), zearalenone, and mycotoxins, zearalenone and zearalenol. Fast Corinth V salt was selected for its relatively high sensitivity. These anabolic compounds were separated by TLC and visualized with Corinth V and the results compared to iodine and starch visualization. Fortified bovine plasma and tissues (kidney, liver and muscle) and chicken muscles were analyzed after a clean-up procedure using solid-phase dual columns of alumina and anion-exchange resin. Iodine-starch clearly detected 4 ng of estradiol and DES while zeranol and zearalenone were detected at higher levels (10 ng). Fast Corinth V showed distinct spots with 2 ng of zeranol and 4 ng of zearalenone while faint spots were observed with estradiol and estrone standards. DES was not detectable at these levels. Less background interference was observed with Corinth V than with iodine-starch. The former confirmed spots detected by iodine-starch. This study suggests its selectivity for detection of zeranol and its metabolite, zearalanone, in the presence of steroidal compounds. RP MEDINA, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 581 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80454-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JR645 UT WOS:A1992JR64500014 PM 1429994 ER PT J AU DAY, JC HUGHES, DW BUTCHER, WR AF DAY, JC HUGHES, DW BUTCHER, WR TI SOIL, WATER AND CROP MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES IN RAIN-FED AGRICULTURE IN THE SAHEL - AN ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Most agriculture in the Sahel Region is carried out under rainfed conditions where low and uncertain soil moisture levels limit productivity. Improved soil, water and crop management practices are required to reverse the steady decline in per capita food production and sustain output over the long term. Several technological innovations and related farm management practices are evaluated in a case study of a typical farm in Mali. Through use of a soil-water balance model and a whole-farm economic model an optimal mix of these measures is identified. Compared to a base case where no modern inputs are utilized, the combination of animal traction (oxen team), low levels of NPK fertilizer, tied-ridges, traditional long-season food grain crops and early planting was most effective: food grain output was 35% higher than with the traditional base case; soil erosion was reduced by 72%; and even with residual future soil erosion damage capitalized into current income, net farm income was larger by a factor of almost 45. RP DAY, JC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(92)90053-2 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA KA282 UT WOS:A1992KA28200005 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI GOOD (FOR YOU) TO THE LAST DROP - RESEARCHING NUTRITIONAL TRACE-ELEMENTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900002 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI TRACE-ELEMENTS PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900003 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI WHAT A WASTE - PHOSPHOGYPSUM ENRICHES THE SOIL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900004 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI MAKING PEACH-TREES MORE COLD HARDY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900005 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI NATURAL ANTIFREEZE FOR UNDERAGE TREES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900006 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI SAFEGUARDING WINTERS FOOD-SUPPLY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900007 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI FOOD POISONING CASES LINKED BY DNA FINGERPRINTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900008 ER PT J AU ADAMS, S AF ADAMS, S TI BAGGING BOOSTS BANANA QUALITY, PROFITS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP ADAMS, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900010 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI PEARS WAX HOT OR COLD SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900011 ER PT J AU SILVA, JM AF SILVA, JM TI PILL OR PESTICIDE - ITS BOTH SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP SILVA, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU859 UT WOS:A1992JU85900009 ER PT J AU ORIANS, GH MILLAR, CI AF ORIANS, GH MILLAR, CI TI FOREST LANDS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Crucial forest management decisions are whether to harvest an existing native forest and, if so, under what silvicultural system. Key questions about biological diversity in forest systems are best approached through different spatial scales- At the local level, the major question is how does management influence the capability of the stand or plot to support a variety of plant and animal species, the alpha component of biological diversity. At the regional level, questions of beta diversity arise. Gamma diversity and geographic-level genetic diversity are favored by a broad and heterogenous landscape. Management decisions that affect the size, shape, relative proportions, and spatial distributions of forest stands modify the capacity of a region to support a diverse mix of species in complex ways. A concluding section on tropical forestry and traditional agroforestry systems focuses upon issues and opportunities in creative management with special attention to the forestry practices of the indigenous Maya-Lacondon peoples of Central America as a model for humid tropic integrative agroforestry management. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP ORIANS, GH (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ZOOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90023-5 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA497 UT WOS:A1992KA49700009 ER PT J AU EMKEN, EA AF EMKEN, EA TI WHAT IS THE METABOLIC-FATE OF DIETARY LONG-CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS (ESPECIALLY STEARIC-ACID) IN NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES, AND HOW MIGHT THIS RELATE TO THROMBOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LINOLEIC ACIDS; HUMANS; CHOLESTEROL RP USDA ARS, NO REG RES CTR, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 SU S BP 798 EP 798 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV008 UT WOS:A1992JV00800010 ER PT J AU IACONO, JM AF IACONO, JM TI DO DIETARY FATTY-ACIDS AFFECT THE COMPOSITION OF THE FATTY-ACIDS OF PLATELETS AND PLATELET-FUNCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COD-LIVER OIL; AGGREGATION; LIPIDS; PLASMA RP USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 29997, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 SU S BP 819 EP 820 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV008 UT WOS:A1992JV00800025 ER PT J AU SCHOENE, NW FITZGERALD, GA AF SCHOENE, NW FITZGERALD, GA TI THROMBOGENIC POTENTIAL OF DIETARY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS - SESSION SUMMARY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FISH-OIL; PLATELET; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CONSUMPTION; MORTALITY; INVIVO; ACID; DIET RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB, BLDG 308, ROOM 114, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 SU S BP 825 EP 826 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV008 UT WOS:A1992JV00800028 ER PT J AU HALLAK, M MOISE, KJ LIRA, N DORMAN, KF SMITH, EO COTTON, DB AF HALLAK, M MOISE, KJ LIRA, N DORMAN, KF SMITH, EO COTTON, DB TI THE EFFECT OF TOCOLYTIC AGENTS (INDOMETHACIN AND TERBUTALINE) ON FETAL BREATHING AND BODY MOVEMENTS - A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF PERINATAL OBSTETRICIANS CY FEB 03-08, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PERINATAL OBSTETRICIANS DE TOCOLYTIC AGENTS; INDOMETHACIN; TERBUTALINE; FETAL BREATHING; FETAL BODY MOVEMENTS ID SHEEP; GLUCOSE; LABOR; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2; MECLOFENAMATE; HYPERCAPNIA; INHIBITION; GESTATION; FETUS AB OBJECTIVE: The null hypothesis of this study is that maternal administration of indomethacin or terbutaline will not affect fetal breathing and body movements. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty patients with a low-risk pregnancy, gestational age 26 to 32 weeks, and no signs of preterm labor were randomly assigned to receive either terbutaline (5 mg), indomethacin (50 mg), or a placebo. Ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal breathing and body movements was performed for 1 hour before and 1 hour after treatment. The total amount of time of fetal breathing and body movements in each group was subject to statistical analysis that included analysis of variance and covariance and a multiple comparison procedure. RESULTS: Indomethacin increased fetal breathing from 20.8 +/- 13.1 minutes to 42.2 +/- 14.8 minutes (p < 0.01), whereas terbutaline increased fetal breathing movements from 19.8 +/- 9.0 minutes to 35.2 +/- 12.4 minutes (p < 0.01). No significant treatment effect was detected on fetal body movements. CONCLUSION: Between 26 and 32 weeks' gestation, a single dosage of indomethacin or terbutaline increases fetal breathing movements by 103% and 78%, respectively. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 167 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1063 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA JU065 UT WOS:A1992JU06500036 PM 1415392 ER PT J AU WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI MARINI, RP TANG, GW YU, J HURLEY, R FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM AF WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI MARINI, RP TANG, GW YU, J HURLEY, R FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM TI INTESTINAL UPTAKE AND LYMPHATIC ABSORPTION OF BETA-CAROTENE IN FERRETS - A MODEL FOR HUMAN BETA-CAROTENE METABOLISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 15,15'-BETA-[C-14]CAROTENE; ABSORPTION OF INTACT BETA-CAROTENE; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; PORTAL VEIN ID FATTY-ACID; VITAMIN-A; RATS; VEGETABLES; TRANSPORT; BILE; PH AB To determine the appropriateness of the ferret as a model for human beta-carotene (beta-C) metabolism, we have perfused both 15,15'-beta-[C-14]C and unlabeled beta-C through the upper 30-cm portion of the small intestine of ferrets in vivo. The effluents of a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation and a common bile duct cannulation, as well as portal vein blood periodically sampled via an indwelling catheter, were collected. Ten percent (9.5 +/- 0.06%) of the total administered beta-C was taken up by the intestine after a 4-h perfusion. Of the radioactivity taken up, 68.6 +/- 6.5% remained in the intestinal mucosa, 3.2 +/- 0.2% was recovered in the lymph, and 28.2 +/- 6.5% (calculated) was absorbed via the portal system. The total uptake/absorption of beta-C was 12.9 +/- 6.8 nmol.h-1.30 cm intestine-1. Large amounts of unchanged beta-C and relatively small amounts of both beta-apo-12'-carotenal and beta-apo-10'-carotenal were isolated in the intestinal mucosa after a 4-h perfusion with beta-C. Considerable amounts of metabolites more polar than retinol were formed and comprised 35% of the total radioactivity recovered in the intestinal mucosa. Polar metabolites were absorbed mostly into the portal venous system, whereas retinol and retinyl esters were absorbed mainly into the mesenteric lymph. Of the total absorbed radioactivity in lymph, 10 +/- 1.0% appeared as unchanged beta-C, with peak absorption occuring at 3 h after beginning the perfusion. The absorption of beta-C in the lymph increased linearly for 3 h (r = 0.94, P < 0.01), and the absorption rate of beta-C was 9.1 +/- 1.2 pmol.h-1.30 cm intestine-1. These studies indicate that the ferret can absorb intact beta-C and is a useful model of human beta-C metabolism. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01-CA-49195-01] NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 263 IS 4 BP G480 EP G486 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA JU805 UT WOS:A1992JU80500062 PM 1415707 ER PT J AU OKOTIEEBOH, G BAILEY, CA HICKS, KD KUBENA, LF AF OKOTIEEBOH, G BAILEY, CA HICKS, KD KUBENA, LF TI REFERENCE SERUM BIOCHEMICAL VALUES FOR EMUS AND OSTRICHES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRUTHIO-CAMELUS AB Reference serum biochemical values were determined in blood samples from 15 male, 18 female, and 4 unsexed emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 1 to 48 months old. Serum biochemical values also were obtained for 19 male, 26 female, and 4 unsexed ostriches (Struthio camelus) 1 to 60 months old. Parametric (mean +/- 2 SD) and non-parametric (fifth to 95th percentile) reference ranges and linear trends as influenced by age were determined for enzyme activities and concentrations of glucose, inorganic phosphate, BUN, uric acid, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin. Species differences for all analytes, except cholesterol and inorganic phosphate concentrations, were detected. Creatine kinase values in ostriches were higher than those in emus. There were no linear relationships between age and analyte values in emus, and sex did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect the values in emus. Analyte values in ostriches tended to increase with age, but cholesterol, creatine kinase, inorganic phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations decreased with age. Glucose, triglyceride,gamma-glutamyltransferase, and cholinesterase concentrations in ostriches were not linearly associated with age. Age had a greater effect on the analyte values of female ostriches than it did on male ostriches. Concentrations generally increased with age in female ostriches, except for cholesterol, cholinesterase, inorganic phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, which decreased with age. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1765 EP 1768 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JQ653 UT WOS:A1992JQ65300010 PM 1456516 ER PT J AU CHEVILLE, NF JENSEN, AE HALLING, SM TATUM, FM MORFITT, DC HENNAGER, SG FRERICHS, WM SCHURIG, G AF CHEVILLE, NF JENSEN, AE HALLING, SM TATUM, FM MORFITT, DC HENNAGER, SG FRERICHS, WM SCHURIG, G TI BACTERIAL SURVIVAL, LYMPH-NODE CHANGES, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CATTLE VACCINATED WITH STANDARD AND MUTANT STRAINS OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; CYCLOSPORIN-A; BALB/C MICE; DEXAMETHASONE; INFECTION; VIRUS; REACTIVATION; CORTISONE AB Forty-eight cattle were used in 4 experiments; 6-week-old calves in experiments 1-3 (n = 24) and 10-month-old heifers in experiment 4 (n = 24). In experiments 1-3, 7 groups of 3 calves each were inoculated sc with 5 strains of Brucella abortus: virulent strain 2308 (2 groups), vaccine strain 19 (2 groups), and mutant strains RB51, 19DELTA31K, and 19DELTASOD. Sera and lymph node tissues were examined at 2-week intervals for evidence of infection. At postinoculation (PI) week 12, 2 calves in each group were given dexamethasone for 5 days. Calves were then euthanatized and lymphoid tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow were examined for evidence of B abortus. Calves given strain 2308 had large numbers of bacteria in their lymph nodes, marked granulomatous lymphadenitis in the deep cortex, and loss of lymphoid cells in superficial cortical areas. In addition, they had high serum antibody titers at PI week 16. Calves given strain 19, or genetic mutants derived from strain 19, cleared bacteria from lymph nodes more rapidly, had less lymphoid destruction, and developed antibody titers that did not persist for 16 weeks. The RB51 strain (rough) was cleared most rapidly from lymphoid tissues and induced serum antibody responses only to the core of the lipopolysaccharide molecule. Treatment of calves with dexamethasone did not cause B abortus to reappear in tissues of any calves, nor did serum antibody titers increase. In experiment 4, designed to compare the effects of age, 4 groups (n = 4) of 10-month-old heifers were given 1 B abortus strain each (19, RB51, 19DELTA31K, or 19DELTASOD), using the same methods. Results of bacteriologic culturing and antibody responses were similar to those in the calves, except that strain RB51 persisted longer in heifers. Results of these studies indicated that, in cattle, the genetically engineered deletion mutants of B abortus do not cause unusual lesions, do have characteristics that closely resemble the parental strain, and could be candidates for use in a live vaccine. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DIAGNOST BACTERIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP CHEVILLE, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 32 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1881 EP 1888 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JQ653 UT WOS:A1992JQ65300032 PM 1456536 ER PT J AU TABATABAI, LB PUGH, GW STEVENS, MG PHILLIPS, M MCDONALD, TJ AF TABATABAI, LB PUGH, GW STEVENS, MG PHILLIPS, M MCDONALD, TJ TI MONOPHOSPHORYL LIPID A-INDUCED IMMUNE ENHANCEMENT OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS SALT-EXTRACTABLE PROTEIN AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES IN BALB/C MICE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TREHALOSE DIMYCOLATE; 5 STRAINS; RESPONSES; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION; CELL; UNRESPONSIVENESS; INDUCTION; VIRULENT AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and trehalose dimycolate (TDM) as adjuvants on the protective responses in BALB/c mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus salt-extractable protein (BCSP) or proteinase-K-treated B abortus lipopolysaccharide (PKLPS). Mice were vaccinated with different doses of BCSP or PKLPS given alone or in combination with MPL Or TDM. Mice were challenge-exposed 4 weeks later with virulent B abortus strain 2308. Two weeks after challenge exposure, the number of B abortus colony-forming units (CFU) per spleen, spleen weights, and spleen cell interleukin 1 production were measured. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations specific for vaccinal immunogens were measured before and after challenge exposure with B abortus. Spleen weights and mean B abortus CFU per vaccine group were significantly lower in BCSP- and PKLPS-vaccinated mice, compared with those of nonvaccinated control mice. Monophosphoryl lipid A enhanced the suppression of splenic infection when given with the BCSP vaccine, but not when given with the PKLPS vaccine. Trehalose dimycolate had no effect on mean CFU when given with Bcsp, but incorporation of TDM resulted in a significant increase in mean CFU when given with PKLPS. Spleen weights in BCSP- or PKLPs-vaccinated mice were not different when these vaccines were combined with MPL or TDM. Because of the wide variation in the results, we could not conclude that vaccination with BCSP or PKLPS alone, or in combination with MPL altered spleen cell interleukin-1 production in B abortus-infected mice. Increased host protection as defined by decreased CFU could not be related consistently to increased BCSP- or PKLPS-specific serum IgG or IgM antibodies introduced by any of the vaccines. These results do not eliminate a role for antibodies in the protection observed. RP TABATABAI, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1900 EP 1907 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JQ653 UT WOS:A1992JQ65300035 PM 1456539 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH KUBENA, LF WEAVER, EA CORRIER, DE CLEMENT, BA AF HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH KUBENA, LF WEAVER, EA CORRIER, DE CLEMENT, BA TI IMMUNOTOXICITY OF OCHRATOXIN-A TO GROWING GILTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-HYPERSENSITIVITY; BROILER-CHICKENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ACUTE TOXICITY; MICE; PIGS; AFLATOXIN; SWINE; ANTIBODY; BARLEY AB Ochratoxin A (OA) was incorporated in the diets of growing gilts (mean body weight, 20.1 kg) at a concentration of 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed and was fed continuously for 35 days. Humoral and cell-mediated immunologic measurements were evaluated to determine the effects of OA on immune function in swine. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), delayed hypersentitivity to tuberculin, PHA-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, interleukin-2 production, total and isotype immunoglobulin concentrations, antibody response to chicken RBC, and macrophage activation were used o evaluate immune function. Gilts treated with OA had reduced cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to PHA, reduced delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin, decreased stimulation index for lymphoblastogenesis, decreased interleukin-2 production when lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A, and decreased number and phagocytic activity of macrophages. Differences were not observed for total and isotype immunoglobulin concentrations, or humoral hemagglutination (chicken RBC) titer. These data indicate that OA may suppress cell-mediated immune response in growing swine. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1966 EP 1970 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JQ653 UT WOS:A1992JQ65300047 PM 1456549 ER PT J AU STEVENS, L WICKLOW, DT AF STEVENS, L WICKLOW, DT TI MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS AFFECT CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY IN TRIBOLIUM FLOUR BEETLES SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; GENUS TRIBOLIUM; UNIDIRECTIONAL INCOMPATIBILITY; REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITY; CANNIBALISM; CONFUSUM; INSECTS AB Previous studies established that cytoplasmic incompatibility in the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, is mediated by a maternally inherited rickettsia-like bacteria: crosses between infected males and uninfected females are sterile. All other crosses are fertile, and individuals can be cured of infection by treatment with tetracycline. We report that a third species-either actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces or fungi Penicillium-can cure beetles of infection with these parasites. Progeny from infected beetles were raised on flour produced from Streptomyces- or Penicillium-"molded" wheat grain. Microbial strains included known producers of tetracyclines and strains of related species that are commonly isolated from whole or milled grain. High rates of curing, eight of 10 males cured and nine of 10 females cured, were produced with grain molded with Streptomyces aureofaciens (Northern Regional Research Laboratories [NRRL] 2209), a common soil-inhabiting, tetracycline-producing actinomycete bacterium. Low rates of curing were recorded for Streptomyces griseus (NRRL B-2249; 1/10 females), Penicillium verrocosum (NRRL 3712; 1/20 females), and Penicillium aurantiogriseum var. polonicum (NRRL 3704; 1/20 females). No curing was recorded for infected populations raised on eight other Streptomyces strains, 11 Penicillium strains, an autoclaved control, or brewer's yeast control. The high rate of cures from one strain of actinomycete and low rate from three other strains of fungi and actinomycetes suggest that local "patches" of antibiotic-contaminated grain can promote a polymorphism of infection among Tribolium populations in nature. C1 USDA ARS,CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP STEVENS, L (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,DEPT ZOOL,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. OI Stevens, Lori/0000-0003-3847-5979 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 140 IS 4 BP 642 EP 653 DI 10.1086/285432 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA JN986 UT WOS:A1992JN98600005 PM 19426036 ER PT J AU MALIK, NJ DWELLE, RB THORNTON, MK PAVEK, JJ AF MALIK, NJ DWELLE, RB THORNTON, MK PAVEK, JJ TI DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION IN POTATO CLONES UNDER SEASONAL HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS IN PAKISTAN SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; HEAT STRESS; CANOPY DEVELOPMENT ID HEAT-STRESS; GROWTH; CULTIVARS; SOLANUM AB The effects of seasonal high temperatures on potatoes were investigated under field conditions near Peshawar, Pakistan. Five potato clones (A79196-1, Desiree, DTO-28, LT-1, Russet Burbank) were grown during the spring season at two locations. Canopy development, vine dry weight and tuber dry weight were determined at 13-day intervals, starting 68 days after planting (DAP). Tuber yield was higher in heat tolerant clones compared to heat susceptible clones. Location significantly affected tuber dry weights. Tuber dry weights of Russet Burbank were consistently lower than those of DTO-28. Ground canopy cover of DTO-28 occurred earlier and reached maximum at 75 DAP, compared to 90 DAP for Desiree. DTO-28, because of its high tuber yield under cool as well as hot temperatures, and its relatively early bulking, should be a promising clone for a short duration crop in hotter regions. C1 PAKISTAN AGR RES COUNCIL,POB 1031,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXT,PARMA,ID 83660. UNIV IDAHO,DIV PLANT SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXT,USDA,ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 10 BP 667 EP 676 DI 10.1007/BF02852679 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JU874 UT WOS:A1992JU87400005 ER PT J AU GRINKER, J LIPMAN, R AF GRINKER, J LIPMAN, R TI SENSORY RESPONSIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIETARY-INDUCED OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE (C57B1.6) SO APPETITE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. TUFTS UNIV,USDAAA,HNRCA,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD OCT PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 184 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0195-6663(92)90070-M PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JX156 UT WOS:A1992JX15600058 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN CARRIE, DK SCHAEFER, RR AF RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN CARRIE, DK SCHAEFER, RR TI EXPERIMENTAL REINTRODUCTION OF RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS SO AUK LA English DT Note ID CAVITIES C1 US FOREST SERV,SAM HOUSTON NATL FOREST,CLEVELAND,TX 77327. RP RUDOLPH, DC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1992 VL 109 IS 4 BP 914 EP 916 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KW258 UT WOS:A1992KW25800029 ER PT J AU DORN, CR SILAPANUNTAKUL, R ANGRICK, EJ SHIPMAN, LD AF DORN, CR SILAPANUNTAKUL, R ANGRICK, EJ SHIPMAN, LD TI PLASMID ANALYSIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS INFECTION IN 3 COMMERCIAL LAYER FLOCKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; EGG TRANSMISSION; PROFILE ANALYSIS; HENS EGGS; OUTBREAKS; TYPHIMURIUM; CONSUMPTION; CHICKENS AB Ninety-six S. enteritidis isolates obtained from three commercial layer flocks in 1988-90 were examined following DNA extraction, restriction enzyme digestion, and gel electrophoresis for plasmid size profiles and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The S. enteritidis isolates from the three flocks had three, eight, and two different plasmid profiles, respectively. only four isolates from one flock lacked plasmids. A 36-mega-dalton (mDa) (54-kilobase) plasmid was present in 73% of the isolates, either alone or in combination with other plasmids. Isolates with only the 36-mDa plasmid had identical RFLPs. The diversity of plasmid profiles was greater than that of phage-types among isolates from the three flocks: 12 unique plasmid profiles vs. four phage-types. Mixed infections with S. enteritidis strains having distinct plasmid profiles occurred in all three flocks. Reinfection of these flocks in 1990 with one or more of the strains obtained earlier was evident, because some of the original isolates and the 1990 isolates had matching plasmid profiles and were of the same phage-types. Isolates from both environmental and tissue samples, examined from one flock, were found to share the same plasmid profile and phage-type. C1 USDA,VET SERV,HARRISBURG,PA 17110. RP DORN, CR (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,1900 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.2307/1591542 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800003 PM 1362492 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI EFFECT OF VIRGINIAMYCIN ON SERUM CAROTENOID LEVELS AND LONG, SEGMENTED, FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS IN BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Virginiamycin (Stafac 20(R)) was mixed with feed at three levels recommended for chickens-5.5, 11, and 22 mg/kg (respectively 5, 1 0 and 20 g/ton)-and fed to broiler chicks. When fed from 1 day through 2 weeks of age, the drug appeared to retard infection of the lower small intestine by long, segmented, filamentous organisms (LSFOs), and at 2 weeks of age serum carotenoids in treated chicks were significantly higher than levels found in unmedicated chicks. However, as chicks were grown out to 4 and 6 weeks of age, the drug did not completely prevent eventual LSFO infection, even at the highest dose, and mean serum carotenoid levels in treated chicks were not significantly different from levels in control chicks. However, chicks fed at the level of 22 mg/kg had fewer LSFOs. Withdrawal of virginiamycin from treated chicks at 4 weeks of age allowed LSFO infection to occur but did not significantly affect serum carotenoid levels. When the drug was fed for 2 weeks at 22 mg/kg to 2-week-old chicks already infected with LSFOs, the bacteria could no longer be detected, suggesting that virginiamycin may aid the natural decline in LSFO population. Coincident with this treatment, serum carotenoids were higher, but not significantly so. Virginiamycin did not significantly increase the mean body weights of chicks in any of these experiments. RP ALLEN, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,RM 100A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 852 EP 857 DI 10.2307/1591543 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800004 PM 1485871 ER PT J AU FADLY, AM BACON, LD AF FADLY, AM BACON, LD TI RESPONSE OF B-CONGENIC CHICKENS TO INFECTION WITH INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ROUS-SARCOMA; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MAREKS-DISEASE; INDUCED TUMORS; COMPLEX B AB Six congenic lines of chickens that differ from the parental inbred line RPRL-15I5 for genes in the major histocompatibility (B) complex were used to study the influence of the B haplotypes on the response of chickens to infection with virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at 1 day or 4 weeks of age, and on the antibody response to vaccination with live or inactivated oil-emulsion (OE) IBDV vaccines at 7 weeks of age. IBDV-induced immunodepression and lesions in the bursa, spleen, and thymus in chickens infected with virus at 1 day of age were of the same degree of severity, regardless of line of chickens used. The response of blood cells to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin-M and concanavalin A was elevated in chickens infected with IBDV at 1 day of age. In an experiment conducted to study the effect of the B haplotype on IBDV infection in 4 -week-old chickens, B congenic line C-12 (B-12B-12) showed the highest susceptibility to clinical IBD, with mortality of 79%. No detectable difference in the serological response to vaccination with live or OE IBDV vaccines was noted among chickens of various congenic lines. We conclude that the B haplotypes may influence IBDV-induced mortality, but not immunodepression or severity of lesions in lymphoid organs, or the antibody response to live or OE IBDV vaccines. RP FADLY, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 871 EP 880 DI 10.2307/1591545 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800006 PM 1336660 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE HINTON, A HARGIS, B DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE HINTON, A HARGIS, B DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF USED LITTER FROM FLOOR PENS OF ADULT BROILERS ON SALMONELLA COLONIZATION OF BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEWLY HATCHED CHICK; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INTESTINAL FLORA; DIETARY LACTOSE; PREVENTION; MICROFLORA; CULTURES; INFECTION; POULTRY; AGE AB The effect of used pine-shaving litter from broiler floor pens on Salmonella colonization resistance was evaluated in broiler chicks. One-day-old chicks were placed in floor pens on fresh unused litter or on used litter. All chicks were challenged orally with 10(4) S. typhimurium at 3 days of age. The study was replicated in three trials with used litter that was collected and stored for 1 day (Trial 1), 4 days (Trial 2), or 50 days (Trial 3) before the start of each trial. Cecal concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in chicks placed on used litter than in chicks on new litter. In all three trials, the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella cecal-culture-positive chicks was significantly lower (P < 0.01) at 10 days and 20 days of age in the chicks on used litter than in the chicks on new litter. The results indicated that newly hatched chicks reared on used litter had higher cecal VFA concentrations and higher resistance to Salmonella colonization than chicks reared on new litter. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.2307/1591548 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800009 PM 1485873 ER PT J AU BRUGH, M AF BRUGH, M TI REEVALUATION OF THE PATHOGENICITY OF A/CHICKEN ALABAMA 75 (H4N8) INFLUENZA-VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LAYING CHICKENS AB Avian influenza (AI) virus A/chicken/Alabama/7395/75 (H4N8), a putatively non-pathogenic virus associated with a self-limiting outbreak of severe disease in commercial layers, was selectively passed in chickens or in cell cultures and then in chickens to determine whether virus with increased pathogenicity would emerge. when 20 derivatives of the parental virus were each inoculated intranasally and intratracheally in leghorn hens, mortality rates ranged from zero (0/24) to 25% (6/24); mortality was 4% (1/24) for hens inoculated with the parental virus. Many virus reisolates (51/144) from hens that died exhibited high pathogenicity, killing at least six of eight intravenously inoculated 4-week-old chickens. Most derivatives examined produced plaques in trypsin-free cell cultures more efficiently than the parental virus, but the highest plaquing efficiencies observed (10%) were lower than would be expected (100%) for highly pathogenic subtype H5 or H7 AI viruses. These results confirm that the Alabama H4N8 virus can acquire increased pathogenicity upon passage in chickens and suggest that it may have acted alone in producing the severe disease observed in laying chickens in Alabama. RP BRUGH, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 968 EP 974 DI 10.2307/1591557 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800018 PM 1485880 ER PT J AU GAST, RK STONE, HD HOLT, PS BEARD, CW AF GAST, RK STONE, HD HOLT, PS BEARD, CW TI EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF AN OIL-EMULSION BACTERIN FOR PROTECTING CHICKENS AGAINST SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES; EGG-LAYING HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; TYPHIMURIUM; PT4; RESPONSES; MUTANT AB To assess the potential protective efficacy of a Salmonella enteritidis bacterin, an acetone-killed oil-emulsion vaccine was prepared from a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain and administered subcutaneously to hens in two experiments. Hens were housed individually, and every other hen was vaccinated (at 23 weeks of age in one experiment and at 45 weeks in the other). A second (booster) bacterin injection was administered 6 weeks later in both experiments. Three weeks after the second vaccination, all hens were challenged with an oral dose of approximately 10(9) cells of a heterologous (phage type 14b) S. enteritidis strain. In both trials, S. enteritidis was isolated from fewer internal organs (spleens, ovaries, and oviducts) and pools of egg contents from vaccinated hens than from unvaccinated control hens. Vaccination did not, however, affect the percentage of hens that shed S. enteritidis in feces in either experiment. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 992 EP 999 DI 10.2307/1591560 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800021 PM 1485883 ER PT J AU BEARD, CW HAMMOND, J WHITTEMORE, A AF BEARD, CW HAMMOND, J WHITTEMORE, A TI A FEATHER-TRAP SYSTEM FOR THE REMOVAL OF CHICKEN FEATHERS FROM LABORATORY SEWAGE SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note AB A simple feather-trap system is described for use on the drain lines of buildings housing poultry for research of other purposes where floors are frequently washed. The trap uses disposable plastic-mesh bags that can efficiently remove almost all feathers from the water, preventing sewer lines from being blocked by compacted feathers. Critical measurements and operational procedures are described. RP BEARD, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1030 DI 10.2307/1591567 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800028 PM 1485852 ER PT J AU STONE, HD BRUGH, M XIE, ZX AF STONE, HD BRUGH, M XIE, ZX TI SIMULATION OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY BY INOCULATION OF IMMUNE YOLK PREPARATIONS INTO THE YOLK-SAC OF 1-DAY-OLD CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note AB Yolk harvested from eggs laid by hens hyperimmunized with killed Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was inoculated into the yolk sac of 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers reached maximum levels 1 to 4 days after yolk inoculation and declined at a rate similar to that reported for naturally acquired maternal antibody. Expected levels of immune interference were observed when yolk-inoculated chickens were vaccinated with a conventional oil-emulsion NDV vaccine. These results show that yolk-sac inoculation with yolk antibody is a suitable approach for producing maternally immune chickens for laboratory studies. RP STONE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1051 DI 10.2307/1591572 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800033 PM 1485856 ER PT J AU BEARD, CW SCHNITZLEIN, WM TRIPATHY, DN AF BEARD, CW SCHNITZLEIN, WM TRIPATHY, DN TI EFFECT OF ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION ON THE EFFICACY OF A RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUS AGAINST H5N2 AVIAN INFLUENZA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID VACCINATION; CHICKENS; AEROSOL AB A recombinant fowlpox vaccine virus containing the H5 hemagglutinin gene of avian influenza virus was administered to susceptible chickens via wing-web puncture, eye drop, instillation into the nares, and drinking water. Even though there was a negligible hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) serologic response, all 10 chickens vaccinated by wing-web puncture remained without obvious signs of disease and survived challenge with a highly pathogenic strain of H5N2 avian influenza virus. All unvaccinated chickens and those vaccinated by nasal and drinking-water routes died following challenge. Eight of 10 chickens vaccinated with the recombinant by eyedrop died. All vaccinates were negative on the agar gel precipitin (AGP) test, and only one chicken had a positive HI titer before challenge. All chickens that survived challenge had high levels of HI antibody and were positive on the AGP test, indicating that they were infected by the challenge virus. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BEARD, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1055 DI 10.2307/1591573 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE238 UT WOS:A1992KE23800034 PM 1336657 ER PT J AU HEDGES, BR PALMER, RG AF HEDGES, BR PALMER, RG TI INHERITANCE OF MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE NULLS IN SOYBEAN SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE; DELETIONS; CHLOROPHYLL DEFICIENT ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS GENERATE; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; UNSTABLE MUTATION; MAIZE; TRANSPOSITION; EXPRESSION; LETHALITY; ADJACENT AB Three chlorophyll-deficient mutants (CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3), derived from the progeny of independent germinal revertants from the w4-mutable soybean line [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], were characterized genetically. Electrophoretic analyses indicated that these lines lacked two of three mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isozymes (MDH-). The absence of two MDH bands was conditioned by a recessive allele at a locus designated Mdh 1. All three CDs were allelic to each other and to T253, a Harosoy isoline y20-k2 MDH- from the Genetic Type Collection. The MDH- phenotype and the yellow-green plant phenotype were each inherited as single recessive alleles. No recombination between the two traits was found in nine F2 populations from crosses of the CDs by wild-type soybean lines. Complete linkage of the Mdh1 and y20 loci suggested that the mutations in the chlorophyll-deficient lines were deletions. Phenotypic differences among the CDs suggested that the deletions may have different endpoints. The chromosomal aberrations were not large enough to affect transmission of y20 and Mdh1 mutant alleles through the pollen or ovule. CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3 were added to the Soybean Genetic Type Collection as T323, T324, and T325, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP HEDGES, BR (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,HARROW N0R 1G0,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9-10 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1007/BF01037587 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JX512 UT WOS:A1992JX51200004 PM 1445188 ER PT J AU FRYXELL, PA FUERTES, J AF FRYXELL, PA FUERTES, J TI A REEVALUATION OF THE ABUTILOTHAMNUS COMPLEX (MALVACEAE) .1. 2 NEW SPECIES AND 2 NEW GENERA, SIDASODES AND AKROSIDA SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE MALVACEAE; SOUTH-AMERICA; ABUTILOTHAMNUS; TETRASIDA; SIDASODES; AKROSIDA AB A revision of certain generic boundaries within the tribe Malveae is made. A new genus, Sidasodes, is described with two species, one of which is new, Sidasodes colombiana. Akrosida is segregated as a new genus, based on Bastardia macrophylla. The new realignment also recognizes Tetrasida as a distinct genus, and describes as new Tetrasida serrulata- New combinations include Sidasodes jamesonii (based on Sida jamesonii), Akrosida macrophylla (based on Bastardia macrophylla), and Tetrasida chachapoyensis (based on Sida chachapoyensis). RP FRYXELL, PA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/A-3974-2010 OI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/0000-0001-5649-4845 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 436 EP 447 DI 10.2307/2807194 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KD003 UT WOS:A1992KD00300005 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO TI WHEAT MOISTURE-CONTENT AND BULK-DENSITY DETERMINATION BY MICROWAVE PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT SO CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN; AQUAMETRY AB Simultaneous measurement of two electromagnetic wave parameters (magnitude and phase shift) of the wave transmitted through the grain sample permits two variables of the wheat sample (water concentration and dry grain density) to be determined. Knowledge of these two variables permits the calculation of the moisture content and the grain bulk density in real time. Although static experiments carried out at 4.8 GHz and 9.4 GHz are described in the paper, the results can be applied in dynamic measurements of flowing grain. The measurement does not require any contact between the material and the equipment, is fast, continuous, and nondestructive. At these frequencies, the same system calibration was valid for soft and hard red winter wheat grown in different locations in different years. Uncertainty in static calibration is 0.5% moisture at the 95% confidence level. RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING PI SASKATOON PA BOX 306, SUB POST OFFICE #6, SASKATOON SK S7N 0W0, CANADA SN 0045-432X J9 CAN AGR ENG JI Can. Agric. Eng. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 34 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KP138 UT WOS:A1992KP13800004 ER PT J AU GRUBB, TG BOWERMAN, WW GIESY, JP DAWSON, GA AF GRUBB, TG BOWERMAN, WW GIESY, JP DAWSON, GA TI RESPONSES OF BREEDING BALD EAGLES, HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALIS, TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN NORTHCENTRAL MICHIGAN SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE BALD EAGLE; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; BEHAVIOR; BREEDING; CLASSIFICATION TREES; MODELING; MANAGEMENT; MICHIGAN AB To characterize disturbance and analyze eagle response, we recorded 714 events of potentially disturbing human activity near six pairs of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) breeding in northcentral Michigan in 1990. Vehicles and pedestrians elicited the highest response frequencies, but aircraft and aquatic activities were the most common. Magnitude of response was inversely proportional to median distance-to-disturbance. Seventy-five percent of all alert and flight responses occurred when activity was within 500 m and 200 m, respectively. Adults responded more frequently than nestlings, and at greater distances-to-disturbance when perched away from nests. May was the peak month for human activity, most of which occurred on weekends (60%) and after noon (72%). Classification tree (CART) models are used to assess disturbance-specific response frequencies and to formulate management considerations. RP GRUBB, TG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,2500 S PINE KNOLL DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 106 IS 4 BP 443 EP 453 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MZ491 UT WOS:A1992MZ49100003 ER PT J AU HETRICK, BAD WILSON, GWT COX, TS AF HETRICK, BAD WILSON, GWT COX, TS TI MYCORRHIZAL DEPENDENCE OF MODERN WHEAT-VARIETIES, LANDRACES, AND ANCESTORS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ROOT FIBROUSNESS; GROWTH RESPONSE; VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; AUTUMN-SOWN CEREALS; WINTER-WHEAT; WARM-SEASON; FUNGI; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; SOIL AB Using mycorrhizal fungi known to colonize wheat, the mycorrhizal dependence of various small grains including modem wheat varieties, primitive wheat lines, and wheat ancestors was studied. With the exception of the United States cultivar Newton and the German cultivars Apollo, Kanzler, and Sperber, dry weight of eight other modern wheats from the United States and Great Britain were increased by 29-100% following inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. All landraces from Asian collections or early introduced American cultivars were also dependent on the symbiosis, with dry weight increases averaging 169 and 55%, respectively. All wheat ancestors of the AA and BB genomes (except Aegilops speltoides) benefitted significantly from the symbiosis, whereas no benefit was observed for ancestors of the DD genome, tetraploid wheats of the AABB or AAGG genomes, or in the hexaploid ancestor Triticum zhukovskyi (AAAAGG genome). These differences in mycorrhizal response of the ancestors, lines, and cultivars were highly correlated with root fibrousness ratings. When the fungi used as a combined inoculum in the previous experiment were inoculated individually onto selected plant species or cultivars, 6 of the 10 isolates stimulated growth of Andropogon gerardii, a highly dependent grass species, and 8 of the 10 stimulated the growth of 'Turkey' wheat. In contrast, none of the isolates positively affected growth of 'Newton' or 'Kanzler' wheat cultivars, and in fact several fungi decreased the biomass produced by these two cultivars. These studies have demonstrated a strong genetic basis for differences in mycorrhizal dependence among cultivars. A trend for greater reliance on the symbiosis in older cultivated wheats than iin wheat ancestors or modern wheats was also observed. The depression in growth associated with certain mycorrhizal fungi and wheat cultivars demonstrates that colonization of roots does not guarantee benefit from the symbiosis. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP HETRICK, BAD (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. RI Wilson, Gail/G-4255-2012 NR 33 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 37 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2032 EP 2040 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KB296 UT WOS:A1992KB29600015 ER PT J AU MEANS, JE MACMILLAN, PC CROMACK, K AF MEANS, JE MACMILLAN, PC CROMACK, K TI BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS AND OTHER DETRITAL POOLS IN AN OLD-GROWTH FOREST, OREGON, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ORGANIC-CHEMICAL COMPONENTS; WESTERN OREGON; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS; DECAY; LIGNIN AB Logs, forest floor, and mineral soil were sampled and measured, and snags were measured, in a 450-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand on the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Logs, some still identifiable after 300 years on the forest floor, contained large amounts of organic matter (222 Mg/ha), C (100 Mg/ha), water (559 - 10 700 L/log), N (183 kg/ha), and Ca (141 kg/ha), and smaller amounts of P (5.5 kg/ha), K (22 kg/ha), Mg (14 kg/ha), and Na (3.7 kg/ha). Logs and snags covered about 17% of the forest floor and had an all-sided area index of 0.69 m2/m2. Through mineralization, C, N, and K were lost through time; Ca and Mg increased; and P and Na increased then decreased, showing no net change. Also through mineralization, cellulose and hot acid detergent soluble fraction decreased more rapidly than lignin. Lignin was apparently not lost until the later stages of decay, when N was also lost in significant amounts. This parallels the shift from initial dominance by white rots that degraded cellulose and lignin to later dominance by brown rots that preferentially degraded cellulose. Lignin and cellulose were eventually lost at more similar rates in later decay stages. This may have been due in part to a close association between the remaining cellulose and lignin in later der-ay stages. Lipin was a better predictor of the onset of N release than was the C:N ratio. C1 HANOVER COLL,DEPT BIOL,HANOVER,IN 47243. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MEANS, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 52 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1536 EP 1546 DI 10.1139/x92-204 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JV361 UT WOS:A1992JV36100011 ER PT J AU VASILAS, BL NELSON, RL AF VASILAS, BL NELSON, RL TI N-2 FIXATION AND DRY-MATTER AND N-ACCUMULATION IN SOYBEAN LINES WITH DIFFERENT SEED-FILL PERIODS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; HARVEST INDEX; N-PARTITIONING; N-2 FIXATION; SEED-FILL PERIOD ID NITROGEN AB A positive relationship generally exists between the duration of seed-fill period (SFP) and seed yield in soybean, but exceptions have been reported. The objective of this research was to determine if differences in N2 fixation or N accumulation could explain inconsistent relationships between duration of SFP and seed yield in soybean. For this study, five experimental soybean (Glycine max L. [ Merr.]) lines were selected on the bases of differences in SFP and seed yield in previous experiments. The experiment was designed to compare lines differing in both SFP and seed yield, differing in SFP but not seed yield, and differing in seed yield but not SFP. Total N2 fixation, using N-15-dilution techniques; total N accumulation, using a semi-micro-Kjeldahl procedure; and total dry matter accumulation, including all vegetative material abscised before maturity were measured on these lines grown in a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls) in 1984 and 1985 at Urbana, IL. Mean dinitrogen fixed ranged from 36 to 76 kg ha-1 in 1984 and from 65 to 1 13 kg ha-1 in 1985. The percentage of the total plant N derived from fixation ranged from 17 to 35% in 1984 and from 32 to 48% in 1985. Statistically significant differences in seed yield were not detected in this experiment because of the high coefficient of variation associated with the small plot size. High N2 fixation was not related to duration of SFP or previous seed yield classification. Total plant N did not differ among these genotypes. For these soybean lines differences in duration of SFP and previous seed yield classification were not related to total N2 fixation or N accumulation. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP VASILAS, BL (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NEWARK,DE 19717, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1074 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KL965 UT WOS:A1992KL96500010 ER PT J AU HAMDAN, MAMS GUZMAN, RC YANG, J BEATTIE, C MASCHARACK, P NANDI, S AF HAMDAN, MAMS GUZMAN, RC YANG, J BEATTIE, C MASCHARACK, P NANDI, S TI DEPLETION OF O-6-ALKYLGUANINE - DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE BY O-6-BENZYLGUANINE IN 3-DIMENSIONAL COLLAGEN CULTURES OF NORMAL HUMAN BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; O6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; CASEIN ACCUMULATION; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; SERUM-FREE; TUMOR; GROWTH; TRANSFORMATION AB O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) is a protein which removes the promutagenic O6-alkylguanine lesion induced in DNA by alkylating agents. Our results demonstrate that freshly isolated organoids from reduction mammoplasty specimens contain significant levels of AGT activity. AGT activity in breast epithelial cells shows interindividual variation. Constitutive levels of AGT activity remain unchanged during short-term serum-free culture of breast epithelial cells inside three-dimensional rat-tail collagen gel matrix. In the present study, we optimized conditions for depleting AGT activity in human breast epithelial cells cultured in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix using O6-methylguanine and O6-benzylguanine which are substrates for AGT. AGT activity was efficiently inactivated by exposure of cells to O6-methylguanine or O6-benzylguanine. Inactivation with O6-benzylguanine was more rapid, of greater magnitude and consistency and occurred at lower concentrations than with O6-methylguanine. Near-complete inactivation (> 99.5%) of AGT activity was reproducibly achieved with 50 muM O6-benzylguanine. In contrast, 500 muM O6-methylguanine was needed to obtain a maximal effect and this reduced AGT activity by only 53-93% of control. Within 30 min of adding the free base, 50 muM O6-benzylguanine depleted 95% of the levels of AGT compared to 30% inhibition with 500 muM O6-methylguanine. The profile for restoration of AGT activity was different following a 24 h incubation and subsequent removal of each of the guanine derivatives. AGT activity levels remained undetectable for at least 2 days after removal of 50 muM O6-benzylguanine from the medium and recovered to only 53% of control values after an additional 3 days. AGT activity levels remained undetectable for at least 2 days after removal of 50 muM O6-benzylguanine from the medium and recovered to only 53% of control values after an additional 3 days. In contrast, following removal of 500 muM O6-methylguanine, the activity was restored from its nadir of 16% of control values reaching pretreatment levels after 5 days. These results suggest that treatment with O6-benzylguanine may be used to modulate the incidence of transforming mutations in cultured human breast epithelial cells treated with chemical carcinogens which give rise to O6-alkylguanine adducts. C1 USDA,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP HAMDAN, MAMS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,CANC RES LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 49374A, CA 53076] NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1749 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.10.1743 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JU195 UT WOS:A1992JU19500009 PM 1423833 ER PT J AU LARSEN, GL HUWE, JK BERGMAN, A KLASSONWEHLER, E HARGIS, P AF LARSEN, GL HUWE, JK BERGMAN, A KLASSONWEHLER, E HARGIS, P TI METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITES OF XENOBIOTICS CAN SERVE AS LIGANDS FOR FATTY-ACID BINDING-PROTEINS IN CHICKEN LIVER AND INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; MICE; RAT AB A fatty acid binding protein (FABP) was isolated from chicken liver and intestinal mucosa which bound [4,4'-bis([H-3]methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'tetrachlorobiphenyl [(CT3SO2)2TCB] or 3,5-dichlorophenyl [C-14]methyl sulfone (DCP[C-14]MSO2). These FABPs were isolated and partially purified using gel filtration chromatography. The FABP isolated from chicken intestinal mucosa had an apparent molecular weight of 13,800 Da and was characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis to be liver-FABP. The FABP isolated from the liver had an apparent molecular weight of 14,300 Da. C1 STOCKHOLM UNIV,WALLENBERG LAB,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP LARSEN, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1189 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90128-E PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000047 ER PT J AU JONES, PJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH NAMCHUK, GL SCHAEFER, EJ AF JONES, PJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH NAMCHUK, GL SCHAEFER, EJ TI POLYUNSATURATED VERSUS MONOUNSATURATED FAT FEEDING ELEVATES HUMAN CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DIV HUMAN NUTR,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 404 EP 404 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66001632 ER PT J AU MATA, P ORDOVAS, JM LOPEZMIRANDA, J LICHTENSTEIN, A CLEVIDENCE, B JUDD, JT DENKE, MA GRUNDY, SM SCHAEFER, EJ AF MATA, P ORDOVAS, JM LOPEZMIRANDA, J LICHTENSTEIN, A CLEVIDENCE, B JUDD, JT DENKE, MA GRUNDY, SM SCHAEFER, EJ TI VARIATION AT THE APOLIPOPROTEIN A-IV-GENE LOCUS AFFECTS PLASMA LDL CHOLESTEROL RESPONSE TO AN NCEP STEP-2 DIET SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75230. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 405 EP 405 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66001636 ER PT J AU LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM MATA, P LICHTENSTEIN, A CLEVIDENCE, B JUDD, JT DENKE, MA GRUNDY, SM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM MATA, P LICHTENSTEIN, A CLEVIDENCE, B JUDD, JT DENKE, MA GRUNDY, SM SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECT OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-E ISOFORMS ON THE LDL CHOLESTEROL RESPONSE TO AN NCEP STEP-2 DIET SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75230. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 406 EP 406 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66001640 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, L JENNER, JL CARRASCO, W SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, L JENNER, JL CARRASCO, W SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTING HYDROGENATED FOR UNHYDROGENATED CORN-OIL ON PLASMA-LIPID AND APOLIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMANS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66001859 ER PT J AU BROUSSEAU, ME STUCCHI, AF VESPA, DB SCHAEFER, EJ NICOLOSI, RJ AF BROUSSEAU, ME STUCCHI, AF VESPA, DB SCHAEFER, EJ NICOLOSI, RJ TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DIETS ENRICHED IN SATURATED, MONOUNSATURATED, AND POLYUNSATURATED FATS ON LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,LOWELL,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 746 EP 746 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66002987 ER PT J AU CAMPOS, H BLIJLEVENS, E MCNAMARA, J ORDOVAS, JM POSNER, BM WILSON, PW CASTELLI, WP SCHAEFER, EJ AF CAMPOS, H BLIJLEVENS, E MCNAMARA, J ORDOVAS, JM POSNER, BM WILSON, PW CASTELLI, WP SCHAEFER, EJ TI LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING CYCLE - RELATION TO PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS AND DIETARY-FAT INTAKE SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 811 EP 811 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66003245 ER PT J AU MCNAMARA, JR LI, ZL WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF MCNAMARA, JR LI, ZL WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI CHANGE IN LDL PARTICLE-SIZE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGE IN PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 811 EP 811 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66003246 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM OGRADY, HK DAVIS, CE LIPPEL, K AF SCHAEFER, EJ JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM OGRADY, HK DAVIS, CE LIPPEL, K TI ELEVATED LIPOPROTEIN(A) LEVELS PREDICT CHD INCIDENCE IN THE PROSPECTIVE LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS CORONARY PRIMARY PREVENTION TRIAL (LRC-CPPT) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 SU S BP 812 EP 812 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JT660 UT WOS:A1992JT66003248 ER PT J AU LOPEZMIRANDA, J PEREZJIMENEZ, F TORRES, A ESPINOMONTORO, A GOMEZ, P HIDALGOROJAS, L ORDOVAS, JM JIMENEZPEREPEREZ, JA AF LOPEZMIRANDA, J PEREZJIMENEZ, F TORRES, A ESPINOMONTORO, A GOMEZ, P HIDALGOROJAS, L ORDOVAS, JM JIMENEZPEREPEREZ, JA TI EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORINE ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS IN BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JERUSALEM 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS CY OCT 06-11, 1990 CL ROSEMONT, IL DE CYCLOSPORINE; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; PREDNISONE; LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; LDL-CHOLESTEROL ID HEART-TRANSPLANTATION; CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION; THERAPY; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; RECIPIENTS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; APOLIPOPROTEINS; SUBCLASSES AB The effects of cyclosporin and prednisone on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were studied in 20 allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation patients receiving cyclosporin plus prednisone therapy, and in 14 allogeneic patients treated only with cyclosporin during 100 days. Eighteen autologous bone-marrow patients not requiring cyclosporin were used as a control group. Patients were studied 5 days prior to transplantation, and on days 30, 60, and 100 after transplantation. To determine the reversibility of the changes, lipid parameters were analyzed 30 days after completion of the treatment. Nutritional supplementation, conditioning regimens, and concomitant medications were not significantly different between groups. Furthermore, no significant differences in age, weight, lipid, or lipoprotein levels were found at baseline. Our results indicate that cyclosporin therapy induces a reversible increase of plasma cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B and a decrease of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I. The addition of prednisone to cyclosporin therapy induces a higher increase in plasma cholesterol mainly due to an increase in HDL-cholesterol. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio increased significantly in patients treated only with cyclosporin. No differences were found in this ratio in patients treated with prednisone compared to those submitted to autologous bone-marrow transplantation. Lipid changes observed in this study were reversible 30 days after cessation of cyclosporin treatment. C1 HOP UNIV REINA SOFIA,UNIDAD LIPIDOS & ARTERIOSCLEROSIS,AVDA MENENDEZ PIDAL S-N,E-14004 CORDOBA,SPAIN. HOP UNIV REINA SOFIA,SERV HEMATOL,E-14004 CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 25 IS 5 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1016/0009-9120(92)80021-8 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA JX532 UT WOS:A1992JX53200021 PM 1490302 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI CALCULATION OF THE CONSTANTS USED FOR THE QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS AND COMPOSITION OF POLYMERS, NUCLEOTIDES AND OR PEPTIDES FROM SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CURVES SO COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB A new spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of molecular weights and composition of polymers, nucleotides and/or peptides was recently developed. This spectrophotometric method is based on integrated intensity of absorption and it does not require derivatization or hydrolysis of the analyzed polymers. The computer program for the analysis of the polymer composition needs specific constants which can be obtained from the standards. These constants can be calculated by different mathematical means some of which are shown in this software note. Once the constants are determined the integrated intensity method can be used generally for different polymers of the same kind, for example, nucleotides or peptides, etc. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0097-8485 J9 COMPUT CHEM JI Comput. Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 345 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0097-8485(92)80058-8 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA KE947 UT WOS:A1992KE94700012 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB AF HESPELL, RB TI FERMENTATION OF XYLANS BY BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS AND THERMOANAEROBACTER STRAIN B6A - UTILIZATION OF URONIC-ACIDS AND XYLANOLYTIC ACTIVITIES SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMICELLULOSE; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; RUMEN AB Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Thermoanaerobacter strain B6A are xylanolytic anaerobes isolated from rumen and geothermal sources respectively. Both organisms fermented larchwood xylan, oatspelt xylan, or 4-O-methylglucuronoaxylan, extensively utilizing both the monosaccharide (glucose, xylose, arabinose) and uronic acid components. Citrus pectin or polygalacturonate also supported growth of both organisms, but only B. fibrisolvens was able to use the monomers glucuronate or galacturonate as the sole added energy source. Strain B6A was able to utilize these two uronic acids when glucose, xylose, arabinose, or oatspelt xylan was also provided as a second energy source. Xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinofuranosidase activities were found to be produced by strain B6A, but the levels and distribution (cell bound vs. culture fluid) were influenced by growth substrate. The highest levels were observed with growth on xylans when xylanase activity was mainly extracellular, but the other two activities were mostly cell bound. Apparently, Thermoanaerobacter strain B6A, but not B. fibrisolvens, requires xylan degradation products generated by these three activities to provide energy sources to utilize the uronic acid components on xylans. RP HESPELL, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 25 IS 4 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1007/BF01570718 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JN318 UT WOS:A1992JN31800002 ER PT J AU ELSASSER, TH RUMSEY, TS NORTON, SA AF ELSASSER, TH RUMSEY, TS NORTON, SA TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE THYROID AND SOMATOTROPIC AXES IN STEERS .1. EFFECTS OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL-INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM ON GROWTH-HORMONE, THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; BEEF-CATTLE; THYROXINE; PITUITARY; RATS AB The effects of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced thyroid hormone imbalance on GH, TSH and IGF-I status in cattle were examined. In the first study, four crossbred steers (avg wt 350 kg) were fed a diet dressed with PTU (0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg/d BW) in a Latin square design with four 35-d periods. On day 29 in each period, steers were challenged with an intrajugular bolus of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 1.0 mug/kg). Blood samples were obtained to assess the change in plasma GH and TSH as affected by PTU. Plasma IGF-I was measured from blood samples obtained before and after (every 6 hr for 24 hr) intramuscular injection of bovine GH (0.1 mg/kg, day 31). Doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg PTU increased plasma T4 (P<.01). At 4 mg/kg, PTU depressed T4 concentrations to 30% of control (P<.01). Plasma T3 linearly decreased with increasing doses of PTU (P<.01). Plasma TSH increased when PTU was fed at 4 mg/kg (P<.05) while the TSH response to TRH declined with increasing PTU (P<.02). Neither basal nor TRH-stimulated plasma concentration of GH was affected by PTU; the IGF-I response to GH tended to increase at the 1 and 2 mg/kg PTU (P<.1). In a second study 24 crossbred steers were fed PTU (1.5 mg/kg) for 119 d in a 2 x 2 factorial design with implantation of the steroid growth effector, Synovex-S (200 mg progesterone + 20 mg estradiol), as the other main effect. Basal plasma GH and IGF-I were not affected by PTU treatment. Synovex increased plasma concentration (P<.01) of IGF-I without an effect on plasma GH. The data suggest that mild changes in thyroid status associated with PTU affects regulation of T3, T4 and TSH more than GH or IGF-I in steers. RP ELSASSER, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90014-O PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KD262 UT WOS:A1992KD26200002 PM 1473346 ER PT J AU PRICKETT, MD LATIMER, AM MCCUSKER, RH HAUSMAN, GJ PRESTWOOD, AK AF PRICKETT, MD LATIMER, AM MCCUSKER, RH HAUSMAN, GJ PRESTWOOD, AK TI ALTERATIONS OF SERUM INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) AND IGF-BINDING PROTEINS (IGFBPS) IN SWINE INFECTED WITH THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE SARCOCYSTIS-MIESCHERIANA SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWING-PIGS; EXPRESSION; HORMONE; WEIGHT; RAT AB The effects of a Sarcocystis miescheriana infection on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were investigated to determine possible mechanisms of growth retardation in growing pigs. Sixteen pigs averaging 14 kg body weight were divided into 4 groups of 4 pigs each and infected either with 0.5, 1.0, or 3.0 x 10(6) sporocysts of S. miescheriana. Four pigs were retained as non-infected controls; however, they became serologically positive during the course of the infection. Effects also were investigated in 2 groups of 3 pregnant sows. One group was infected with 0.5 x 10(6) sporocysts and the other group was retained as uninfected controls. Body weights of infected growing pigs were depressed as compared to controls following the acute phase 15 d after infection (dai). Serum concentrations of IGF-I dropped significantly (p < 0.05) during the acute phase of infection in all infected groups of growing pigs. Conversely, the amounts of unsaturated serum IGFBPs were elevated significantly (p < 0.05) during the acute phase of infection. Specifically, serum concentrations of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-4 were elevated at this time, as determined by ligand blot analysis. There was no association between growth factor alterations and tissue damage as measured by serum creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. The extent of effects in growing pigs was related to the amount of the original parasite inoculum. During the acute phase of infection 2 of 3 pregnant sows aborted. The third sow went to term, but piglets were stillborn or died within 24 hr. Compared to uninfected controls, serum concentrations of IGF-I in infected pregnant sows were depressed during and after the acute phase of the infection. Levels of unsaturated serum IGFBPs in pregnant sows were not affected. These data suggest that decreased IGF-I levels and/or elevated levels of specific forms of IGFBPs may be a mechanism by which growth is affected in feeder pigs infected with S. miescheriana. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP PRICKETT, MD (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT BIOL SCI,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90016-Q PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KD262 UT WOS:A1992KD26200004 PM 1282099 ER PT J AU DICKERMAN, RW WISE, TH BAHR, JM AF DICKERMAN, RW WISE, TH BAHR, JM TI EFFECT OF OVARIAN REGRESSION AND MOLT ON PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF THYMOSIN-BETA-4 IN DOMESTIC HENS (GALLUS-DOMESTICUS) SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYMIC ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; RAT; GONADOTROPIN; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; MODULATION; SECRETION; ESTRADIOL; PEPTIDE AB Molt induced by infusion of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A, ([D-leu6,Pro9]-GnRH N-ethylamide]) or feed withdrawal (FW) has been used as a model to study interactions between ovarian activity and thymosin beta4 during molting in domestic hens. Thirty-three laying hens were divided into three groups: 1, controls, 2, GnRH-A infusion induced molt (GnRH-A), or 3, FW induced molt. All groups had reduced daylength. Blood was sampled weekly and assayed for concentrations of thymosin beta4 and progesterone (P4). Plasma P4 concentrations were significantly depressed in both treatment groups compared to controls, indicating ovarian regression. Plasma P4 concentrations had returned to control values in the GnRH-A group by 28 d after the start of treatment, while P4 was still depressed in the FW group at day 42 when the experiment ended. Plasma concentrations of thymosinbeta4 were elevated relative to controls from day 7 through day 14 in the GnRH-A group and from day 7 until day 28 in the FW group. It is concluded that plasma concentrations of thymosin beta4 are elevated during molting in domestic hens, but the elevation is not attributable to depressed P4 concentrations. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP BAHR, JM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-07028-14] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90017-R PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KD262 UT WOS:A1992KD26200005 PM 1473348 ER PT J AU MALIK, AS AF MALIK, AS TI ENFORCEMENT COSTS AND THE CHOICE OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR CONTROLLING POLLUTION SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article AB Economic incentive based policies have long been advocated for controlling pollution because they can minimize firms' abatement costs. However, the social costs of controlling pollution consist not only of abatement costs but also enforcement costs. I show that the conditions for minimizing abatement costs and minimizing enforcement costs differ. As a result, enforcement costs can be higher for incentive based policies than for policies based on direct controls. A complete evaluation of alternative policies requires a comparison of both abatement and enforcement costs. RP MALIK, AS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 5 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 SN 0095-2583 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 714 EP 721 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA JT919 UT WOS:A1992JT91900011 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, RG WEISS, M AF CHAMBERS, RG WEISS, M TI REVISITING MINIMUM-QUALITY STANDARDS SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper revisits the issue of minimum-quality standards. In a model of quality uncertainty different from Leland's, minimum-quality standards are shown to conflict with the revelation principle's truthtelling requirements. Thus, minimum-quality standards in that model cannot be a component of the constrained Paretian solution outcome. C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP CHAMBERS, RG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0165-1765(92)90223-L PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA KT776 UT WOS:A1992KT77600013 ER PT J AU ORTIZ, DF KREPPEL, L SPEISER, DM SCHEEL, G MCDONALD, G OW, DW AF ORTIZ, DF KREPPEL, L SPEISER, DM SCHEEL, G MCDONALD, G OW, DW TI HEAVY-METAL TOLERANCE IN THE FISSION YEAST REQUIRES AN ATP-BINDING CASSETTE-TYPE VACUOLAR MEMBRANE TRANSPORTER SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM RESISTANCE; CDS CRYSTALLITES; METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES; PHYTOCHELATINS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE ID SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; CADMIUM; PROTEIN; SEQUENCES; PEPTIDES; GENE AB In response to heavy metal stress, plants and certain fungi, such as the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, synthesize small metal-binding peptides known as phytochelatins. We have identified a cadmium sensitive S.pombe mutant deficient in the accumulation of a sulfide-containing phytochelatin-cadmium complex, and have isolated the gene, designated hmt1, that complements this mutant. The deduced protein sequence of the hmt1 gene product shares sequence identity with the family of ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type transport proteins which includes the mammalian P-glycoproteins and CFTR, suggesting that the encoded product is an integral membrane protein. Analysis of fractionated fission yeast cell components indicates that the HMT1 polypeptide is associated with the vacuolar membrane. Additionally, fission yeast strains harboring an hmt1-expressing multicopy plasmid exhibit enhanced metal tolerance along with a higher intracellular level of cadmium, implying a relationship between HMT1 mediated transport and compartmentalization of heavy metals. This suggests that tissue-specific overproduction of a functional hmt1 product in transgenic plants might be a means to alter the tissue localization of these elements, such as for sequestering heavy metals away from consumable parts of crop plants. C1 USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 268 Z9 281 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0261-4189 EI 1460-2075 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 10 BP 3491 EP 3499 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JN506 UT WOS:A1992JN50600001 PM 1396551 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF PENG, FC CHEN, JW LING, KH AF DOWD, PF PENG, FC CHEN, JW LING, KH TI TOXICITY AND ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF THE FUNGAL METABOLITES TERRITREMS TO THE CORN-EARWORM, HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS; CORN; MAIZE; INSECTICIDE; ASPERGILLUS ID TREMORGENIC MYCOTOXINS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; ASPERGILLUS-TERREUS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INHIBITORS; RECEPTOR AB The toxicity and anticholinesterase activity of tremorgenic fungal metabolites, territrems, to the corn earworm, Helioverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) were examined. In oral toxicity studies, territrem A significantly inhibited growth by 40% at 25 ppm and by 89% at 250 ppm. Territrem B and an epoxy-derivative significantly inhibited growth by ca. 45% at 250 ppm. Piperonyl butoxide administered orally synergized the toxicity of the territrems tested. In topical toxicity studies, the epoxy-derivative caused 26% mortality and 25% growth retardation at 10 mg/gm insects. Territrem A and B were not significantly lethal, but did reduce growth by 15-20% at 10 mg/gm insect. Paraoxon tested in the same way caused 100% mortality at 25 ppm orally and 10 mg/gm topically. However, all territrems tested in vitro as inhibitors of H. zea head acetylcholinesterase were at least comparable to or were more active than paraoxon. Topically administered epoxy-territrem B also inhibited H. zea head acetylcholinesterase. The potential for development of new insecticides from a territrem lead structure is discussed. C1 NATL TAIWAN UNIV,COLL MED,INST BIOCHEM,TAIPEI 10016,TAIWAN. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. OI PENG, FU-CHUO/0000-0003-4385-8499 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JV409 UT WOS:A1992JV40900007 ER PT J AU HUANG, WY HANSEN, L URI, ND AF HUANG, WY HANSEN, L URI, ND TI THE EFFECTS OF THE TIMING OF NITROGEN-FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND IRRIGATION ON YIELD AND NITROGEN LOSS IN COTTON PRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A LA English DT Article AB Nitrogen losses associated with the timing of the application of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of irrigation in the production of cotton in the United States are investigated. For nonirrigated production of cotton, nitrogen fertilizer applied during the fall or the spring realizes a significant loss compared with that applied during the growing season. There is no (statistically) significant evidence that more nitrogen fertilizer applied in the fall is unavailable for plant use relative to nitrogen fertilizer applied in the spring for either nonirrigated or irrigated production of cotton. Irrigation practices result in a significant loss of nitrogen fertilizer because of the increased leaching associated with the irrigation process. Irrigation does reduce, however, potential loss of nitrogen fertilizer by increasing its uptake by plants. RP HUANG, WY (reprint author), USDA,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. OI Hansen, LeRoy/0000-0001-9038-2142 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND NW2 5JN SN 0308-518X J9 ENVIRON PLANN A JI Environ. Plan. A PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1449 EP 1462 DI 10.1068/a241449 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA JY809 UT WOS:A1992JY80900007 ER PT J AU MONSON, RK GRANT, MC JAEGER, CH SCHOETTLE, AW AF MONSON, RK GRANT, MC JAEGER, CH SCHOETTLE, AW TI MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSES FOR THE RETENTION OF PRECIPITATION IN THE CROWNS OF ALPINE PLANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED ACID-RAIN; TRANSPORTED AIR-POLLUTANTS; POLLEN GERMINATION; REPRODUCTION; INVITRO; SENSITIVITY; CORN AB Studies were conducted on 27 species of alpine plants to test the hypothesis that structural characteristics of leaves have a predictable influence on the amount of moisture retained by a plant crown following a simulated rain event. The retention of precipitation in crowns has been previously demonstrated as one factor potentially contributing to the direct effects of acid rain on alpine plants. The results of this study demonstrate that a significant share of the amount of water retained could be explained by general structural features of leaves and flowers common to all the diverse taxa studied. Water retained per unit leaf area was best explained by pubescence rank, number of leaves, petiole base width, flower mass, flower wettability and petiole base angle. Water retained per unit mass was best explained by pubescence ranking, number of leaves, petiole base width, leaf area, flower wettability, flower mass and number of flowers. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80026. RP MONSON, RK (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ENVIRONM POPULAT & ORGANISM BIOL,CAMPUS BOX 334,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90044-3 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KE145 UT WOS:A1992KE14500002 ER PT J AU JIAO, HJ WANG, SY CIVEROLO, EL AF JIAO, HJ WANG, SY CIVEROLO, EL TI ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES OF CITRUS LEAVES FROM PLANTS RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO CITRUS BACTERIAL CANKER DISEASE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PEROXIDASE; LEAF AB The activities of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6; CAT), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7; POD), polyphenoloxidase (EC 1.10.3.1; PPO), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49; G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1.44; 6PGDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1.42; ICDH), and the total phenolic content in citrus leaves differing in susceptibility to infection by strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc) were determined. The levels of oxidative enzymes (CAT, POD and PPO), pentose-phosphate cycle enzymes (G6PDH and 6PGDH), and the total phenolic contents were higher in Xcc resistant plants (Yuzu, Dancy, Cleopatra, and Kawano Wase) than in susceptible plants (citrumelo, lemon, Rough lemon and grapefruit). However, the glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, ICDH, was lower in Xcc resistant plants than in susceptible plants. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90059-B PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KE145 UT WOS:A1992KE14500017 ER PT J AU VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G AF VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES OF ROUGH LEMON AND SOUR ORANGE TO SOIL FLOODING, CHILLING, AND SHORT-TERM TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS DURING GROWTH SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SINENSIS L OSBECK; CITRUS; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS; STRESS AB Soil flooding and cold temperature reduced leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER) and activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) of rough lemon (RL), Citrus jambhiri Lush., and sour orange (SO), C. aurantium L. At growth-chamber conditions of low temperature (LT, 10-degrees-C) or high temperature (HT, 30-degrees-C), inhibitions in CER were 61% for flooded SO and 43% for flooded RL. For non-flooded trees, CER at LT was only about 27% that at HT. These inhibitions in CER were at least partially due to lower stomatal conductance. Reductions in Rubisco activity under prolonged soil flooding were about 30% at HT and 16% at LT. As a result of soil flooding, starch was higher in leaves, but was drastically reduced in fibrous roots of flooded trees under both LT and HT regimes. For non-flooded trees maintained at HT, starch was higher in leaves, but lower in fibrous roots as compared with non-flooded trees grown at LT. For trees maintained under the LT regime, activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and concentration of proline in leaves were three- and 15-fold higher, respectively, as compared with trees grown at HT. Data on responses of CER to short-term fluctuations of temperature indicate that RL was more sensitive to sharp temperature variations than SO. Under prolonged soil flooding, however, RL was more tolerant than SO. RP VU, JCV (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90060-F PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KE145 UT WOS:A1992KE14500018 ER PT J AU ACHTEMEIER, GL AF ACHTEMEIER, GL TI GRASSHOPPER RESPONSE TO RAPID VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS WITHIN A CLEAR AIR BOUNDARY-LAYER AS OBSERVED BY DOPPLER RADAR SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; DOPPLER RADAR; UPDRAFTS ID FLYING INSECTS; MIGRATION; FLIGHT; ORIENTATION; LOCUSTS; WIND AB Dual-polarization radar recorded insect behavior when a gust flow interacted with a deep, dense cloud of large insects over North Dakota on 4 July 1987. These data reveal areas within the upper parts of the cloud with apparent active modified flight behavior. Disturbed areas were separated from adjacent undisturbed areas by only a few hundred meters. The boundary layer was not capped and circulations were free to rise above an apparent flight ceiling of almost-equal-to 1,800 m and where temperatures were in the range 12-15-degrees-C. Disturbances in some areas extended downward 1,000-1,200 m from the top of the cloud to levels where the temperatures were almost-equal-to 10-degrees-C warmer. Kinematic analysis of Doppler velocities revealed close correspondence between the areas of modified flight behavior and strong updrafts (and in a few instances, strong downdrafts). The data permit at least five explanations for the apparent modified flight behavior. These are passive sorting in updrafts, and active response to turbulence, rates of change of temperature, rates of change of pressure, and the presence of clouds. RP ACHTEMEIER, GL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020, USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 921 EP 938 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400001 ER PT J AU TORCHIO, PF AF TORCHIO, PF TI EFFECTS OF SPORE DOSAGE AND TEMPERATURE ON PATHOGENIC EXPRESSIONS OF CHALKBROOD SYNDROME CAUSED BY ASCOSPHAERA-TORCHIORI WITHIN LARVAE OF OSMIA-LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OSMIA-LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA; CHALKBROOD; PATHOGENIC FUNGUS ID POLLINATOR; CRESSON; CROPS; BEE AB The causative agent of chalkbrood in the mason bee Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson is a fungus recently named Ascosphaera torchioi Youssef & McManus. The present study was undertaken to devise a methodology to measure the infectivity potential of this fungus accurately, based on laboratory experiments designed to assure consumption of all spores by host larvae reared under nonstressful environments. Doses of 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, and 100,000 spores per cell were tested, and the influence of temperature was measured by exposing replicate treatments to 20,25, or 30-degrees-C. The levels of A. torchioi infection obtained in this study (0.36-8.5%) showed a linear correlation with increasing dose, and these low-level infections overlapped chalkbrood rates found in large field populations studied over a 15-yr period (0.4-2%). The infection rates reported in this study (0.36-8.5%) are, however, much lower than those induced in a recent series of related laboratory studies (57%). Causes for the large discrepancy of results obtained in this study versus results reported in earlier studies are attributed to previous experimental designs in which host larvae were reared in stressful environments, producing larvae of reduced vigor which resulted in enormous increases of chalkbrood mycosis. RP TORCHIO, PF (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1086 EP 1091 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400021 ER PT J AU HENDRIX, WH SHOWERS, WB AF HENDRIX, WH SHOWERS, WB TI TRACING BLACK CUTWORM AND ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NORTHWARD MIGRATION USING PITHECELLOBIUM-AND CALLIANDRA POLLEN SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROTIS-IPSILON; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; MIGRATION ID MOTH AB Identifying the pollen attached to black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), moths provided a powerful tool for recognizing food plants used by these noctuids before initiation of long-range movement. Pollen was found primarily on the proboscis and in decreasing frequency on the eyes, legs, and antennae. Fourteen moths collected in Iowa and Missouri were marked with the exotic pollens Pithecellobium spp. or Calliandra spp, or both. These plants are indigenous to southern climes, and the closest site of origin to the capture points is in southern Texas. From the closest plant location in Texas, these moths traveled 1,300 km to central Missouri, 1,450 km to northern Missouri, and 1,600 km to central Iowa. Moths captured in March probably originated greater-than-or-equal-to 600 km farther to the south than those captured in late April and May. Known exotic pollen was discovered on moths captured during May in Iowa, but these same pollens were found on moths captured earlier in Missouri. These results provided evidence of moth immigration into Missouri from within Mexico, possibly from the state of Tamaulipas. C1 USDA ARS,CORN INSECT RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA 50021. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1092 EP 1096 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400022 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, JO THOENES, SC AF SCHMIDT, JO THOENES, SC TI CRITERIA FOR NEST SITE SELECTION IN HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) - PREFERENCES BETWEEN PHEROMONE ATTRACTANTS AND CAVITY SHAPES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; PHEROMONE; NEROLIC ACID ID APIS-MELLIFERA AB Nerolic acid, the second most abundant compound in the Nasonov pheromone of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., was investigated to determine its importance as a component in synthetic attractants for honey bees of Africanized and European populations. Both populations of bees preferred synthetic pheromone blends containing nerolic acid in combination with citral and geraniol to those containing only citral and geraniol. These findings indicate that honey bee swarms of both Africanized and European populations recognize and respond in the same manner to synthetic Nasonov pheromone, and that nerolic acid exerts an important synergistic effect on the attractiveness of other Nasonov components. Nest cavity shape, tapered cylinder versus rectangular prism, apparently is not an important factor in cavity acceptance by honey bee swarms. RP SCHMIDT, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1130 EP 1133 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400028 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ DOWD, PF VETTER, RS SHOREY, HH BAKER, TC AF BARTELT, RJ DOWD, PF VETTER, RS SHOREY, HH BAKER, TC TI RESPONSES OF CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) AND OTHER SAP BEETLES TO THE PHEROMONE OF C-HEMIPTERUS AND HOST-RELATED COATTRACTANT IN CALIFORNIA FIELD-TESTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS-PP; ATTRACTANT; PHEROMONE; HOST VOLATILES ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; LUGUBRIS AB The aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), previously isolated and identified using wind-tunnel bioassays, was field tested in California. A 4-d preliminary study in plantings of figs and stone fruits was followed by long-term studies in a date garden (12 mo) and a stone fruit orchard (11 wk). The pheromone was most effective in combination with host-related coattractants such as fermenting whole wheat bread dough or fermenting fig juice. In the date garden, for example, traps baited with pheromone plus bread dough caught an overall mean of 1,152 C. hemipterus, but those baited with only the pheromone or dough caught only 23 and 3 per trap, respectively. A semi-synthetic volatile mixture of methanol, methyl butyrate, propanal, and apple cider vinegar was nearly as effective as fermenting dough as a coattractant and is a practical, longer-lasting alternative to dough. The pheromone was formulated on rubber septa, which were replaced every 2 wk. There was a 45% decrease in trap catch due to aging of septa from wk 1 to wk 2, but the septa retained activity into the second week despite daily maximum temperatures >40-degrees-C. In the date garden, peak response to the traps occurred during June (65% of the total catch), although temperatures were favorable for beetle flight throughout most of the year. In all experiments, both sexes responded similarly. Four other nitidulid species responded significantly to the pheroMone of C. hemipterus: C. mutilatus Erichson, C. lugubris Murray, C. obsoletus Erichson, and C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.). Two other nitidulid species in the study plots, C. freemani Dobson and Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson), responded poorly or not at all to the pheromone. C1 UNIV CALIF PARLIER,KEARNEY AGR CTR,9240 S RIVERBEND AVE,PARLIER,CA 93648. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1153 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400031 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ REED, HC HEATH, RR AF LANDOLT, PJ REED, HC HEATH, RR TI ATTRACTION OF FEMALE PAPAYA FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) TO MALE PHEROMONE AND HOST FRUIT SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITIDAE; BEHAVIOR; TOXOTRYPANA ID CURVICAUDA GERSTAECKER DIPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; FLIES; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; TIME AB A green papaya fruit or an extract of green papaya fruit peel increased unmated female papaya fruit fly (Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker) attraction to male pheromone at low pheromone release rates. Green papaya peel extract also increased mated female attraction to male pheromone, but only at the highest pheromone release rates tested. Such enhanced responses may aid the ability of females to locate hosts by responding to a combination of male pheromone released from host fruit and fruit odor. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1159 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400032 ER PT J AU BRATTI, A NETTLES, WC FANTI, P AF BRATTI, A NETTLES, WC FANTI, P TI INFLUENCE OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AGE DURING THE LAST INSTAR ON RATES OF PARASITIZATION BY THE LARVAL-PUPAL PARASITOID, ARCHYTAS-MARMORATUS (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARASITOID; BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENT ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; STAGE CORN; WHORL AB Effects of host age during each of the 5 d of the last host instar were determined by exposing larvae of Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea (Boddie) to newly larviposited maggots of the larval-pupal parasitoid Archytas marmoratus (Townsend). Based on determinations made in host pupae, lower percentages of older hosts were parasitized and lower percentages of maggots from older hosts developed to the second instar. Weights of maggots that parasitized older hosts were lower in 1-d-old host pupae. For older hosts, mean length of the larval stage of A. marmoratus after host pupation was longer; weights of young A. marmoratus larvae revealed that maggots developed very slowly until just before the host pupated. Surviving maggots developing from older hosts used the longer developmental times to overcome the weight differentials, and weights of A. marmoratus pupae were the same regardless of host age and parasitoid weight at the beginning of the host's pupal stage. These and other data indicate that complex behavior allows the A. marmoratus maggot to evade host defenses and grow to a size that enables the parasitoid to avoid encapsulation when it finally enters the host hemocele. RP BRATTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1196 EP 1201 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400037 ER PT J AU BIEVER, KD CHAUVIN, RL AF BIEVER, KD CHAUVIN, RL TI TIMING OF INFESTATION BY THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF FIELD RELEASED STINKBUGS (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) IN WASHINGTON SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS AB Delaying infestation of potatoes by overwintering Colorado potato beetles Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) by either 10 or 20 d following plant emergence increased damage to the potatoes. The egg deposition period was reduced from 5 to 3 wk; both increased rates of egg deposition and feeding occurred over a shorter period of time. Potatoes infested at plant emergence by Colorado potato beetle had fourth instars feeding during a 4-wk period of time while infestation 20 d after plant emergence reduced this feeding period to 2 wk and resulted in significantly greater defoliation than those infested at plant emergence. Delayed infestation by either 10 or 20 d had a negative effect on predation by Perillus bioculatus (Fabr.). Potato plants infested by Colorado potato beetles at plant emergence with releases of P. bioculatus 4 d later had the greatest percentage reduction in fourth instars and provided significantly greater foliage protection than plants infested at 10 or 20 d after plant emergence. Based on population levels of fourth instar Colorado potato beetles, multiple releases of P. bioculatus and P. maculiventris were not significantly more effective than a single release based on population comparisons of beetles. However, three releases (three predators per plant each release) of both species of predators provided greater potato foliage protection than a single release (three predators per plant). RP BIEVER, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSECT RES UNIT,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1219 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JU154 UT WOS:A1992JU15400039 ER PT J AU KUBOTA, J WELCH, RM VANCAMPEN, DR AF KUBOTA, J WELCH, RM VANCAMPEN, DR TI PARTITIONING OF CADMIUM, COPPER, LEAD AND ZINC AMONGST ABOVEGROUND PARTS OF SEED AND GRAIN CROPS GROWN IN SELECTED LOCATIONS IN THE USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The distribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in above-ground parts of corn, small grains and pulse crops was investigated. Sampled parts included grain or seed, leaves, stems, silk and husks of corn-ears, rachilla and chaff of small grains and pods of bean plants. The distribution of these elements was variable and reflected, primarily, their relative mobility between plant parts including transfer into the grain. Generally, Zn and Cu were preferentially transferred into the seed or grain, while Cd and Pb were selectively excluded from these organs. For example, the distribution pattern in ears of corn was: for Cd, husks > silk > grain; for Zn, silk > grain > husks. The selective transfer of Zn and Cu into seed or grain, in contrast to the restricted movement of Cd and Pb into these organs, may be the result of selective absorption of Zn and Cu over Cd and Pb by vascular transfer cells within the plant's reproductive tissues. The effect of soil type on Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn levels in cereal grain or pulse seed was small compared to the differences found in the concentrations of these elements between different plant organs. Thus, grain and seed crops serve as natural barriers to the movement of the potentially toxic heavy metals, Cd and Pb, into the animal/human food chain, minimising their transfer from soils while conserving Zn and Cu levels in edible portions of these crops. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD OCT PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF01784020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA KA243 UT WOS:A1992KA24300004 PM 24197961 ER PT J AU DAVIES, CJ ANDERSSON, L JOOSTEN, I MARIANI, P GASBARRE, LC HENSEN, EJ AF DAVIES, CJ ANDERSSON, L JOOSTEN, I MARIANI, P GASBARRE, LC HENSEN, EJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE MHC CLASS-II POLYMORPHISM USING 3 TYPING METHODS - SEROLOGY, RFLP AND IEF SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGENS BOLA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EXTENSIVE POLYMORPHISM; GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; BETA-CHAIN; HLA-A; GENES; CATTLE AB Various methods, with different strengths and weaknesses, are currently used to define polymorphism of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. A more complete characterization of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) haplotypes can be achieved by combining several of these methods. In this study BoLA class II polymorphism was characterized using three typing methods: serology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Twenty six Holstein-Friesian and 15 Angus cattle that carried an array of serologically defined BoLA haplotypes were selected for the study. The panel included 12 BoLA complex homozygotes. The three class II typing methods recognized polymorphism associated with the same or very tightly linked genes in the DQ-DR class II subregion. In total 25 BoLA-A locus (class I) - DQ-DR subregion (class II) haplotypes were defined. Three of the serological class II specificities, Dx1, Dx3, and Dx4, were associated with more than one RFLP defined DQ-DR haplotype. The other 4 class II specificities behaved as private specificities. One BoLA haplotype was found in both Holstein and Angus cattle. Two other BoLA haplotypes defined here have previously been described in other breeds. This suggests that these haplotypes exist in strong linkage disequilibrium. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM BREEDING & GENET,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UTRECHT,FAC VET MED,INST INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV MILAN,FAC VET MED,INST ZOOTECN,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. RI Joosten, Irma/D-2374-2010; Joosten, Irma/N-4418-2013 OI Joosten, Irma/0000-0003-2950-4977 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7420 J9 EUR J IMMUNOGENET JI Eur. J. Immunogenet. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00068.x PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA JQ867 UT WOS:A1992JQ86700001 PM 1358195 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, BH KESSLER, LG WAX, Y BERNSTEIN, A LIGHT, L MIDTHUNE, DN PORTNOY, B TENNEY, J TUCKERMANTY, E AF PATTERSON, BH KESSLER, LG WAX, Y BERNSTEIN, A LIGHT, L MIDTHUNE, DN PORTNOY, B TENNEY, J TUCKERMANTY, E TI EVALUATION OF A SUPERMARKET INTERVENTION - THE NCI-GIANT FOOD EAT FOR HEALTH STUDY SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION; PROGRAM; CANCER AB A 2-year supermarket intervention in 20 pair-matched stores tested whether a nutrition education program could produce changes in food purchasing behavior Food sales data for 2 intervention years were compared with baseline year data. The evaluation presented challenges related to the quasi-experimental study design and to the high variability and auto- and cross-sectional correlations in the data. A complex time series model was used to take these factors into account and to test for intervention effects. C1 NCI,APPL RES BRANCH,SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,BIOSTAT CTR CLIN CANC RES,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. INST SCI SOC,WASHINGTON,DC. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. GIANT FOOD INC,NUTR PROGRAMS,LANDOVER,MD. USDA,HOME ECON & HUMAN NUTR UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP PATTERSON, BH (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BIOMETRY BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 5 BP 464 EP 490 DI 10.1177/0193841X9201600502 PG 27 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JP745 UT WOS:A1992JP74500002 ER PT J AU CALDERONE, NW SHIMANUKI, H AF CALDERONE, NW SHIMANUKI, H TI EVALUATION OF SAMPLING METHODS FOR DETERMINING INFESTATION RATES OF THE TRACHEAL MITE (ACARAPIS-WOODI R) IN COLONIES OF THE HONEY-BEE (APIS-MELLIFERA) - SPATIAL, TEMPORAL, AND SPATIOTEMPORAL EFFECTS SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Current sampling methods for estimating infestation rates of tracheal mites in colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, assume that infested bees are randomly distributed and that temporal fluctuations in infestation rates occur homogeneously throughout the colony. We examined these assumptions. Samples of bees were collected from up to five locations in each of eight colonies, and colonies were sampled several times throughout the year. Estimates of infestation rates varied, depending on the location in the colony from which a sample was obtained. Temporal fluctuations in infestation rates did not always occur homogeneously with respect to sampling location. These results demonstrate that assumptions of current sampling protocols for estimating tracheal-mite infestation rates are often violated. Consequently, estimates derived using these methods may not be accurate, and conclusions based on such estimates may not be valid. RP CALDERONE, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BARC E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1007/BF01246569 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JZ088 UT WOS:A1992JZ08800007 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, KR AF MATTHEWS, KR TI A TELEMETRIC STUDY OF THE HOME RANGES AND HOMING ROUTES OF LINGCOD OPHIODON-ELONGATUS ON SHALLOW ROCKY REEFS OFF VANCOUVER ISLAND, BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID TAGGED LINGCOD; MOVEMENT RP MATTHEWS, KR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BOX 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. RI Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 784 EP 790 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400016 ER PT J AU HUANG, Y ANG, CYW AF HUANG, Y ANG, CYW TI VEGETARIAN FOODS FOR CHINESE BUDDHISTS SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,RUSSEL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HUANG, Y (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 46 IS 10 BP 105 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JU268 UT WOS:A1992JU26800012 ER PT J AU CORMIER, KL REICH, RM CZAPLEWSKI, RL BECHTOLD, WA AF CORMIER, KL REICH, RM CZAPLEWSKI, RL BECHTOLD, WA TI EVALUATION OF WEIGHTED REGRESSION AND SAMPLE-SIZE IN DEVELOPING A TAPER MODEL FOR LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB A stem profile model, fit using pseudo-likelihood weighted regression, was used to estimate merchantable volume of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southeast. The weighted regression increased model fit marginally, but did not substantially increase model performance. In all cases, the unweighted regression models performed as well as the weighted regression models, even for very small sample sizes. C1 ROCKY MTN FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP CORMIER, KL (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90034-7 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JY918 UT WOS:A1992JY91800006 ER PT J AU SESCO, JA AF SESCO, JA TI THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN RESOLVING NATURAL-RESOURCE ISSUES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP SESCO, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JU091 UT WOS:A1992JU09100003 ER PT J AU KLINKHACHORN, P GATCHELL, C MCMILLIN, C KOTHARI, R YOST, D AF KLINKHACHORN, P GATCHELL, C MCMILLIN, C KOTHARI, R YOST, D TI HALT2 - AN ENHANCED LUMBER GRADING TRAINER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper reports on HaLT2, an improved version of HaLT Hardwood Lumber Training Program)-a computer program that provides training in lumber grading. The newly added enhancements in HaLT2 will provide training for both novice and experienced hardwood lumber graders in accordance with National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA rules. HaLT2 is more accurate, easier to use, and can be used to create boards that emphasize particular points of study. It can also be used to grade actual boards for evaluative use by industry, academia, and the NHLA. The feedback from these evaluations indicates HaLT2 to be accurate. C1 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,PRINCETON,WV 24740. SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. SYNCRO DEV INC,LANGHORNE,PA 19047. RP KLINKHACHORN, P (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JU091 UT WOS:A1992JU09100007 ER PT J AU GATCHELL, C KLINKHACHORN, P KOTHARI, R AF GATCHELL, C KLINKHACHORN, P KOTHARI, R TI REGS - A REALISTIC GRADING SYSTEM SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD LUMBER; PROGRAM AB ReGS (Realistic Grading System) is an extension of the basic algorithm used to develop the HaLT, HaLT2, and HaRem lumber grading and remanufacturing training programs. ReGS was developed to meet the needs of those wishing to grade boards with shapes other than a perfect rectangle. ReGS can also be used to grade boards with any number of defects because the time required to achieve a solution is not an important factor. Although currently no computer grading program can account for all the subtleties in hardwood lumber grades, boards graded with ReGS and checked against to-scale plots can be accurately evaluated. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP GATCHELL, C (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JU091 UT WOS:A1992JU09100008 ER PT J AU KLINKHACHORN, P KOTHARI, R YOST, D ARAMAN, P AF KLINKHACHORN, P KOTHARI, R YOST, D ARAMAN, P TI ENHANCEMENT OF THE COMPUTER LUMBER GRADING PROGRAM TO SUPPORT POLYGONAL DEFECTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Computer grading of hardwood lumber promises to avoid regrading of the same lumber because of disagreements between the buyer and the seller. However, the first generation of computer programs for hardwood lumber grading simplify the process by modeling defects on the board as rectangles. This speeds up the grading process but can inadvertently put a board into a lower grade because rectangular approximation can cause clear board surface area to be lost. This paper presents a polygonal computer lumber grading program that models the defects on the boards as polygons, thereby making the grade determination process more accurate. The grading program presented herein allows species-independent rules and considers both faces of the board in the grading process. The approximation of defects as polygons does result in an increased amount of processing time, which can be readily offset with the fast and inexpensive computers that are now available. C1 SYNCRO DEV INC,LANGHORNE,PA 19047. VIRGINIA TECH,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,USDA FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP KLINKHACHORN, P (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JU091 UT WOS:A1992JU09100009 ER PT J AU HARTSOUGH, BR STOKES, BJ KAISER, C AF HARTSOUGH, BR STOKES, BJ KAISER, C TI SHORT-ROTATION POPLAR - A HARVESTING TRIAL SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A study of components of two systems for harvesting short-rotation poplar (Populus spp.), one utilizing a tracked skidder and the other based on cable yarding, was carried out in Oregon. The terrain was flat, and dry enough to allow the use of tractive equipment. Stump-to-truck pulp chip cost estimates were $33/bone dry ton (BDT) and $57/BDT for the observed skidder and yarder systems, respectively, and $41/BDT for a hypothetical optimized yarder-based system. The skidder system appeared to be a viable alternative for producing pulp chips during dry weather. Several problems need to be addressed to make the yarding system physically and economically feasible. If trees were prebunched, the production rate for the yarder would be half that of the flail delimber/debarker. Some of the crop trees used as intermediate supports broke while yarding unbunched turns; stronger supports would be needed to handle the larger prebunched turns. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,USDA FOREST SERV,AUBURN,AL 36840. JAMES RIVER CORP,LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER FIBER FARM,CLATSKANIE,OR 97106. RP HARTSOUGH, BR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JU091 UT WOS:A1992JU09100012 ER PT J AU POSTMAN, J AF POSTMAN, J TI PEARS FROM THE PAST PRESERVED FOR POSTERITY SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP POSTMAN, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PLANT GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JY071 UT WOS:A1992JY07100015 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B HAMANN, S AF KINDIGER, B HAMANN, S TI B-A CHROMOSOME MEDIATED 3/1 DISJUNCTION IN HETEROZYGOUS RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS OF MAIZE SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS; TERTIARY TRISOMES; INTERCHANGE TRISOMES; B-A TRANSLOCATIONS; MAIZE AB In maize (Zea mays L.), meiotic segregation products of reciprocal translocations are well defined. The predictible meiotic behaviors and products generated by these interchanges allow them to be used as tools to gain basic information in cytogenetics, genetics, and plant breeding. In combining a classic reciprocal translocation with a single B-A chromosome from a tertiary trisomic B-A translocation stock, unique individuals with unusual chromosome karyotypes are generated. In cases where a B-A chromosome was present, the frequency of 3:1 disjunction within the ring of four was increased. In the case of T6-9(5454) + B-6Ld, cytological identification, via root-tip mitosis, was able to identify the specific tertiary trisomic products generated. These karyotypes are predictable and highly repeatable. Such karyotypes may have specific uses in chromosome mapping, chromosome dosage studies, or genetic or molecular investigations. C1 WILSON SEEDS,HARLAN,IA 51537. RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 714 EP 718 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KL249 UT WOS:A1992KL24900002 ER PT J AU LIU, ZW WANG, RRC AF LIU, ZW WANG, RRC TI GENOME ANALYSIS OF THINOPYRUM-JUNCEIFORME AND T-SARTORII SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENOME; HYBRID; MEIOSIS; KARYOTYPE; CHROMOSOME BANDING; SPECIATION ID SEED PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; TRITICEAE; AGROPYRON; ELONGATUM; HYBRIDS; BESSARABICUM; POACEAE; ELYMUS AB Genome constitutions of Thinopyrum junceiforme (A. Love and D. Love) A. Love (2n = 4x = 28) and T. sartorii (Boiss. & Heldr.) A. Love (2n = 4x = 28) were determined by studying (i) meiotic pairing patterns in hybrids involving the two species and other pertinent hybrids; (ii) mitotic chromosome karyotypes based on length, arm ratio, and satellites; and (iii) C-banding patterns. New hybrids synthesized and reported are T. sartorii x T. bessarabicum (2n = 3x = 2 1), T. sartorii x (T. bessarabicum x T. elongatum) amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 28), and the reciprocal of the latter. Mean meiotic pairing in the triploid hybrid and the two tetraploid hybrids were 3.83 I + 3.92 II + 3.11 III, 0.93 I + 7.46 II + 0.62 III + 2.44 IV + 0.07 V + 0.03 VI, and 3.41 I + 9.39 II + 0.74 III + 0.88 IV, respectively. Based on the chromosome pairing data, it can be concluded that T. junceiforme and T. sartorii have two versions (J(b) and J(e)) of the J genome and behave like true allotetraploids owing to bivalentization. Karyotype analyses of the species and their hybrids with T. bessarabicum revealed minor structural differentiations of the genomes in the two species. Thinopyrum sartorii has one genome basically unchanged from the j(b) genome of T. bessarabicum while another is a modified J(e) genome of T. elongatum. One genome of T. junceiforme is modified from j(b) and the other is modified from j(e). There are two pairs of large and one pair of small satellites in T. sartorii, but there are only one pair of each in T. junceiforme. Thinopyrum junceiforme is rich and T. sartorii is poor in interstitial C-bands for both sets of genomes. Thinopyrum sartorii has larger terminal C-bands on the j(b) genome chromosomes than those of T. junceiforme. These organizational changes of chromosomes could not be detected by studying chromosome pairing alone. However, this study demonstrates that meiotic pairing is the first criterion for determining basic genome symbols. Other techniques, such as those involving chromosome banding, isozymes, and DNA probes, may then be used to detect differences in chromosome (or DNA) organization and gene expression. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 758 EP 764 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KL249 UT WOS:A1992KL24900008 ER PT J AU SCHALK, JM JONES, A DUKES, PD BURNHAM, KP AF SCHALK, JM JONES, A DUKES, PD BURNHAM, KP TI RESPONSES OF SOIL INSECTS TO MIXED AND CONTIGUOUS PLANTINGS OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SWEET-POTATO CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA-BATATAS; PLANT RESISTANCE; WIREWORMS; FLEA BEETLES; GRUBS; CUCUMBER BEETLES; CONODERUS SPP; DIABROTICA SPP; SYSTENA SPP; CHAETOCNEMA-CONFINIS; PLECTRIS-ALIENA; PHYLLOPHAGA-EPHILDA ID SWEET-POTATO; IPOMOEA-BATATAS AB This study was designed to determine if the preference of soil insects for sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars is affected by the proximity of resistant or susceptible plant cultivars at various spacings. Comparisons were made for damage caused by wireworms (Conoderus spp.), Diabrotica spp., Systena spp., sweetpotato flea beetles (Chaetocnema confinis Crotch), and grubs (Plectris aliena Chapin; Phyllophaga ephilida Say) in previously reported resistant and susceptible cultivars. Field plots were planted with a resistant cultivar, a susceptible cultivar, or the two cultivars intermixed. Large roots exhibited more insect damage than medium and small roots. When plant spacing was increased, roots were larger and insect damage more severe. Mixed plantings of resistant and susceptible cultivars significantly reduced insect damage in the susceptible plants. Planting regime did not influence insect damage for the resistant cultivars. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLORADO COOPERAT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP SCHALK, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1089 EP 1091 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KB111 UT WOS:A1992KB11100009 ER PT J AU WANG, SY FAUST, M AF WANG, SY FAUST, M TI ASCORBIC-ACID OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN APPLE BUDS - RELATION TO THIDIAZURON-INDUCED LATERAL BUDBREAK SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PARADORMANCY; CORRELATIVE INHIBITOR; DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE; 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE; SODIUM AZIDE; MALUS-DOMESTICA ID CULTURED PUMPKIN CELLS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SENSITIVE METHOD; GLUTATHIONE; EXPRESSION AB The activity of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) was studied in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds during dormancy and thidiazuron-induced budbreak. In dormant buds, activity of AAO was low compared with buds that were treated with thidiazuron and had resumed growth. An increase in AAO activity began at the time of metabolic transition from dormancy to budbreak. The highest level of activity was reached 10 days after thidiazuron induction during the expansion growth phase. In vitro AAO activity of apple bud extract was increased by addition of Cu (CuSO4) and inhibited by Cu-chelating agents, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), sodium azide (NaN3), and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-OH-Q). In vivo treatment of apple buds with Cu-chelating agents inhibited AAO activity and bud growth but not budbreak. Chemical name used: N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron). RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1102 EP 1105 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KB111 UT WOS:A1992KB11100014 ER PT J AU HANCOCK, JF HAGHIGHI, K KREBS, SL FLORE, JA DRAPER, AD AF HANCOCK, JF HAGHIGHI, K KREBS, SL FLORE, JA DRAPER, AD TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC HEAT-STABILITY IN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; V-DARROWI; FRUIT BREEDING; HEAT TOLERANCE ID GAS-EXCHANGE; COMBINING ABILITY; GROWTH AB Seven highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L-) cultivars were evaluated for their photosynthetic heat stability. All showed significant reductions in CO2 assimilation rates (A) as leaf temperatures were raised from 20 to 30C, although 'Bluecrop', 'Jersey', 'Elliot', and 'Rubel' (-22% to -27%) were significantly less affected than 'Spartan', 'Bluejay', and 'Patriot' (-41% to -51%). To determine whether temperature adaptations of highbush types can be broadened through hybridization with native, heat-tolerant species, 'Bluecrop' was crossed with the V. darrowi Camp. selection Florida 4B, and F2, BC1, and BC2 populations were generated. This approach showed promise as genotypes were identified in all the derivative populations that were more beat tolerant than 'Bluecrop' and had a high A. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HANCOCK, JF (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1112 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KB111 UT WOS:A1992KB11100017 ER PT J AU THOMAS, CE JOURDAIN, EL AF THOMAS, CE JOURDAIN, EL TI RESISTANCE TO RACE-2 OF PERONOSPORA-PARASITICA IN UNITED-STATES PLANT INTRODUCTIONS OF BRASSICA-OLERACEA VAR CAPITATA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CABBAGE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DOWNY MILDEW; FOLIAR DISEASE AB Evaluations for resistance against race 2 of downy mildew incite by Peronospora parasitica Pers. ex Fr., were conducted on 325 U.S. Plant Introductions (PI) classified as Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage). A disease index (DI) was calculated for each entry. In 77 of the tested PIs, from 2% to 100% of the plants had reaction phenotypes less-than-or-equal-to 3. The DIs for 24 PIs were significantly lower than the DI for the most resistant cabbage control, 'Headstart' (DI = 5.9). Eight of these PIs were highly resistant, because all plants had a reaction phenotype less-than-or-equal-to 3. However, most of these eight are apparently misclassified as B. oleracea var. capitata. RP THOMAS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1120 EP 1122 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KB111 UT WOS:A1992KB11100022 ER PT J AU ROWLAND, LJ OGDEN, EL AF ROWLAND, LJ OGDEN, EL TI USE OF A CYTOKININ CONJUGATE FOR EFFICIENT SHOOT REGENERATION FROM LEAF SECTIONS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ZEATIN RIBOSIDE; INVITRO; PROPAGATION; TISSUE CULTURE; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM ID INVITRO; TISSUE AB Conditions for improving the efficiency of shoot regeneration from leaf sections of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were investigated. Effectiveness of tissue culture medium supplemented with the cytokinin conjugate zeatin riboside or the cytokinin zeatin at 10, 20, or 30 mum was compared with medium supplemented with the optimum 2iP concentration of 15 mum. Use of 20 mum zeatin riboside resulted in the most shoots per leaf section, almost-equal-to 6-fold higher than the number of shoots produced on 2iP medium. The number of shoots produced on medium supplemented with zeatin was not significantly higher than the number of shoots produced on 2iP medium. Consequently, we concluded that the cytokinin conjugate zeatin riboside was more effective than either of the free cytokinins, 2iP or zeatin, in promoting shoot regeneration from leaf sections of highbush blueberry. Chemical names used: 6-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP); 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enylamino)purine (zeatin). RP ROWLAND, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1127 EP 1129 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KB111 UT WOS:A1992KB11100025 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG PUGH, GW TABATABAI, LB AF STEVENS, MG PUGH, GW TABATABAI, LB TI EFFECTS OF GAMMA-INTERFERON AND INDOMETHACIN IN PREVENTING BRUCELLA-ABORTUS INFECTIONS IN MICE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MEDIATED ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGES; PROSTAGLANDINS; LIPOARABINOMANNAN; REVERSAL; SPLEEN AB Increased resistance to infection with Brucella abortus 2308 resulted when recombinant murine gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma) was given to mice both before and during infection but not when given only before infection. Mice given rMuIFN-gamma had enhanced peritoneal and splenic macrophage bactericidal activity against B. abortus. Treatment of mice with rMuIFN-gamma plus indomethacin did not further enhance resistance to infection or macrophage bactericidal activity compared with that after treatment of mice with rMuIFN-gamma alone. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 60 IS 10 BP 4407 EP 4409 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JP779 UT WOS:A1992JP77900057 PM 1398950 ER PT J AU FANG, NB TUMLINSON, JH TEAL, PEA OBERLANDER, H AF FANG, NB TUMLINSON, JH TEAL, PEA OBERLANDER, H TI FATTY ACYL PHEROMONE PRECURSORS IN THE SEX-PHEROMONE GLAND OF FEMALE TOBACCO HORNWORM MOTHS, MANDUCA-SEXTA (L) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; FATTY ACIDS; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; CONJUGATED OLEFINS; ALDEHYDES ID BOMBYX-MORI; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; STIMULATION; HORMONE; BLEND AB The total fatty acyl composition, including free fatty acids and fatty acyl moieties in lipids, of sex pheromone glands and selected other body tissues of Manduca sexta females was determined by capillary gas chromatographic and mass spectroscopic analysis. Fatty acyl analogs of eleven pheromone aldehydes were found in the epidermal cells of the pheromone gland. While the common fatty acyl groups, hexadecanoate, (Z)-9-hexadecenoate, octadecanoate, (Z)-9-octadecenoate, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, were detected in other body tissues of females as well as in the epidermal cells and cuticle of the pheromone gland, uncommon fatty acid pheromone analogs were not found in significant amounts in tissues other than the epidermal cells of the pheromone gland. Quantitative analysis of extracts revealed that the fatty acyl analogs of pheromone aldehydes were present continuously in pheromone glands of females from about 3 or 4 days prior to eclosion from the pupal stage until the adults were 8 days old. While injection of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide into the abdomen of the females at any age, even in the late pupal stage, resulted in pheromone production, the quantities of the bound fatty acyl components in the pheromone gland were not measurably changed. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90040-L PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JQ962 UT WOS:A1992JQ96200002 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP AF VALAITIS, AP TI USE OF CONCANAVALIN-A IN THE PURIFICATION OF JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE FROM THE HEMOLYMPH AND THE FAT-BODY OF LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JUVENILE HORMONE ESTERASE; CONCANAVALIN-A; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI HUBNER; CABBAGE-LOOPER; PROTEINS; LEPIDOPTERA; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; BINDING AB A new method for the purification of juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) exploits the ability of Sepharose-coupled concanavalin A to bind to glycoproteins. Preparation of homogenous esterase from the plasma of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, was accomplished by a procedure employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, Superose-12 gel filtration, concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography and mono-Q FPLC. The 62 kDa plasma glycoprotein was purified 1325-fold by the four-step procedure with an 8% recovery of the original activity. A specific activity of 2650 nmol of juvenile hormone III (JH III) hydrolyzed per min per mg of protein at 28-degrees-C was determined for the purified enzyme. Concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography also was used in the partial purification of JHE from the last stadium fat body of gypsy moth larvae. After precipitation with ammonium sulfate, the fat body enzyme was purified 239-fold by a single step using concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. Western blots showed that the fat body enzyme was similar in size to JHE purified from the plasma. These results are consistent with JHE being a glycoprotein. RP VALAITIS, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 639 EP & DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90042-D PG 0 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JQ962 UT WOS:A1992JQ96200004 ER PT J AU YAMINI, S CARSWELL, N MICHAELIS, OE SZEPESI, B AF YAMINI, S CARSWELL, N MICHAELIS, OE SZEPESI, B TI ADAPTATION IN ENZYME (METABOLIC) PATHWAYS TO OBESITY, CARBOHYDRATE-DIET AND TO THE OCCURRENCE OF NIDDM IN MALE AND FEMALE SHR/N-CP RATS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE DIABETES; LIVER; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; RAT ID CORPULENT RAT; ZUCKER RATS; FATTY; EFFICIENCY; KIDNEY AB Twenty-four male (12 obese and 12 lean) and 21 female (11 obese and 10 lean) SHR/N-cp rats were fed a diet containing either 54% sucrose or starch for periods of 3-4 months. Rats were killed after a 14-16 h fast and liver enzyme activities were determined in both sex groups. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), malic enzyme (ME), phosphofructokinase (PFK), glucokinase (GK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (per total liver capacity) were significantly affected by phenotype (obese > lean). Arginase and ornithine transcarbamylase levels were analysed only in male rats and were found to be elevated in obese rats as compared to lean littermates. Some of the above changes in enzyme levels were exaggerated by sucrose feeding but not the changes in FBPase, PEPCK, ME and GK (in both sexes) plus AST, arginase and arginine synthase activities in male rats and ALT levels in female rats. Results from SHR/N-cp rats published in this paper were compared to results obtained from LA/N-cp rats published previously. Comparison of the non-diabetic obese LA/N-cp with the diabetic obese SHR/N-cp male shows a greater excess in lipogenic capacity of the liver in the LA/N-cp male rat. The SHR/N-cp obese female also shows a greater liver lipogenic capacity as compared with the obese male SHR/N-cp rat. The results suggest that an adaptation of excessive lipogenesis in the liver of obese rats may be an anti-diabetogenic adaptation resulting in increased glucose conversion to lipids, thus reducing blood glucose levels. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD SYST,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP YAMINI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 10 BP 765 EP 774 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JT429 UT WOS:A1992JT42900006 PM 1330956 ER PT J AU VISHNIAC, HS KURTZMAN, CP AF VISHNIAC, HS KURTZMAN, CP TI CRYPTOCOCCUS-ANTARCTICUS SP-NOV AND CRYPTOCOCCUS-ALBIDOSIMILIS SP-NOV, BASIDIOBLASTOMYCETES FROM ANTARCTIC SOILS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEASTS AB Cryptococcus albidus, which was described as having maximum growth temperatures (T(max) that vary from <20 to >37-degrees-C, is an apparent exception to van Uden's rule that yeast species generally comprise strains which have T(max) that vary by not more than 5-degrees-C. This exception is dealt with in this paper by the description of phenotypically similar species that have lower T(max) than C. albidus and exhibit no significant DNA similarity to the type strain of C. albidus. Cryptococcus albidosimilis sp. nov., a mesophilic blastobasidiomycete that was isolated from soil of Linnaeus Terrace, Antarctica (type strain, strain MYSW A823-2Y761/70 [= ATCC 76863, = CBS 7711, = NRRL Y-174631), has a T(max) of 30-degrees-C and a guanine-plus-cytosine content of 55 mol%. Cryptococcus antarcticus sp. nov. is a psychrophilic blastobasidiomycete (type strain, strain MYSW A812-20bY693/64 [= ATCC 76663, = CBS 7687, = NRRL Y-174611) is known only from soils of University Valley, Antarctica. C. antarcticus does not exhibit significant DNA similarity with C. albidosimilis, from which it differs phenotypically in its failure to assimilate lactose. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of C. antarcticus is 55 mol%. This species includes four biotypes whose levels of DNA similarity are greater than 72%. The T(max) of these biotypes vary from >15 and <20-degrees-C to >20 and <25-degrees-C. Both habitat temperature (reflected in fatty acid composition) and the sporadic availability of liquid water in University Valley apparently were factors in the evolution of this species. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP VISHNIAC, HS (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 547 EP 553 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JR940 UT WOS:A1992JR94000007 ER PT J AU WOLF, WJ PETERSON, RE SCHAER, ML AF WOLF, WJ PETERSON, RE SCHAER, ML TI PREPARATIVE REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SOYBEAN PROTEINS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTIONS BY GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEED PROTEINS; BETA-CONGLYCININ; STORAGE PROTEINS; RP-HPLC; SUBUNITS; GLYCININ; SEPARATION; GLOBULINS; WHEATS; GENE AB Preparative (100-200 mg) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was conducted on water-extractable, acid-precipitated, and whey proteins plus purified beta-conglycinin and glycinin from soybeans. Chromatographic fractions were collected, freeze-dried, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptide profiles obtained by electrophoresis of the fractions indicated that glycinin and beta-conglycinin, the two major storage proteins, separated only partially. Glycinin subunit G5 (A3B4) Was the first of these two proteins to elute followed by three other glycinin subunits. As elution of glycinin subunits continued, they were accompanied by beta-conglycinin. Apparently, glycinin subunits and beta-conglycinin do not differ sufficiently in hydrophobicity to permit their complete separation. Elution behaviors of minor proteins including Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and agglutinin were also determined. RP WOLF, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1809 EP 1816 DI 10.1021/jf00022a016 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700016 ER PT J AU FERLAND, G SADOWSKI, JA AF FERLAND, G SADOWSKI, JA TI VITAMIN-K1 (PHYLLOQUINONE) CONTENT OF EDIBLE OILS - EFFECTS OF HEATING AND LIGHT EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID K-DEPENDENT PROTEINS; MATRIX GLA-PROTEIN; BONE AB The vitamin K1 content of 10 commercially available vegetable oils was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Prior to HPLC, crude lipid extracts were purified by solid-phase extraction on silica. Rapeseed and soybean oils were found to contain the greatest amounts of vitamin K1 (140-200 mug/100 g) followed by olive oil (55 mug/100 g). Almond, sunflower, safflower, walnut, and sesame oils contained between 6 and 15 mug/100 g, while peanut and corn oils provided less than 3 mug/100 g. Vitamin K1 was stable to processing mode, decreased slightly but significantly with heat, and was rapidly destroyed by both daylight and fluorescent light. Amber glass containers protected the oils from the destructive effects of light. Soybean and rapeseed oils are excellent sources of vitamin K1 and can provide greater than 100 % of the required dietary allowance for vitamin K when present in the diet at greater than 15 % of the caloric content. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1869 EP 1873 DI 10.1021/jf00022a028 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700029 ER PT J AU FERLAND, G SADOWSKI, JA AF FERLAND, G SADOWSKI, JA TI VITAMIN-K1 (PHYLLOQUINONE) CONTENT OF GREEN VEGETABLES - EFFECTS OF PLANT MATURATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROWTH LOCATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) content of five vegetables (cabbage, Swiss chard, leaf lettuce, spinach, and kale) was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The plants were grown from seed at two different locations (Boston, MA; Montreal, Canada) and analyzed with respect to maturation, soil conditions, and climatological effects. The green vegetables were found to be excellent sources of vitamin K1 (5-16 mug/g). For most vegetables except cabbage, vitamin K1 contents increased during maturation. Cabbage was found to contain 3-6 times more vitamin K1 in the outer leaves compared to the inner leaves. The vitamin K1 content of Montreal vegetables was higher than that of Boston vegetables (p < 0.05). The differences between the two locations suggest that climate, soil, and growing conditions may influence the vitamin K1 content of green vegetables. The current required dietary allowance for vitamin K can be contained in as little as a 10-g portion of a green and leafy vegetable. From a nutritional point of view, these findings have their significance when dietary vitamin K1 intake in humans is assessed. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 12 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1874 EP 1877 DI 10.1021/jf00022a029 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700030 ER PT J AU WEEKS, WW SISSON, VA CHAPLIN, JF AF WEEKS, WW SISSON, VA CHAPLIN, JF TI DIFFERENCES IN AROMA, CHEMISTRY, SOLUBILITIES, AND SMOKING QUALITY OF CURED FLUE-CURED TOBACCOS WITH AGLANDULAR AND GLANDULAR TRICHOMES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DUVATRIENEDIOL AB The chemistry, aroma, solubilities (hexane and 95% ethanol), and smoking quality of cured tobacco from three typical flue-cured varieties that produce glandular trichomes on the surface of the green leaf and an atypical aglandular breeding line were compared. The glandular tobaccos produced more characteristic tobacco aroma than the aglandular tobacco. More hexane-extractable solute was obtained from the aglandular tobacco than from the glandular flue-cured tobaccos, but more alcohol-extractable solute was obtained from the glandular types. A trained smoke panel gave higher scores to the aglandular tobacco than the three glandular varieties. Larger quantities of total volatiles were obtained from the aglandular tobacco. Solanone and oxysolanone identified from the glandular tobacco were absent in the aglandular breeding line. The aglandular tobacco was higher in total alkaloids and lower in reducing sugars than the glandular types. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. RP WEEKS, WW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1911 EP 1916 DI 10.1021/jf00022a037 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700038 ER PT J AU TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG FLATH, RA AF TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG FLATH, RA TI VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF ASIAN PEAR (PYRUS-SEROTINA) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB The volatiles of Asian pear (Seuri cultivar) were studied by high-resolution gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using vacuum simultaneous distillation-extraction of blended fruit and dynamic headspace sampling of intact and enzymatically inhibited blended fruit. Esters were the dominant constituents in all of the samples. A total of 72 components were identified in the headspace of intact fruit, including 39 constituents reported for the first time in pear. Odor unit values calculated from concentration and odor threshold data indicate that the following compounds are important contributors to pear aroma: ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, hexyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, hexanal, ethyl pentanoate, and ethyl propanoate. RP TAKEOKA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 23 TC 83 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1925 EP 1929 DI 10.1021/jf00022a040 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700041 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV DUKE, SO TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOLECULAR-PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES OF O-PHENYL PYRROLIDINOCARBAMATE AND PIPERIDINOCARBAMATE HERBICIDES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE INHIBITION; 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PHOTODYNAMIC HERBICIDES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; IX AB The molecular properties of phenopylate (2,4-dichlorophenyl 1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate) and 13 of its O-phenyl pyrrolidino- and piperidinocarbamate analogues were correlated with their capacity to inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox), to cause accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, and to cause herbicidal injury. All three biological properties correlated well with the van der Waals volume, electrophilic superdelocalizability, and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. The relationships between biological activities and log P were curvilinear. The activity was mainly centered on the phenyl ring. Highly active molecules carry atoms or groups on the phenyl ring that generate at least two negative electrostatic potential fields located opposite each other. We suggest that these electrostatic fields are involved in the initial recognition by the receptor as well as in the noncovalent interaction with the enzyme binding site, possibly by hydrogen bonding. The substitutions on the phenyl ring may also be essential for optimal steric fit into the receptor cleft. In competitive binding studies utilizing unlabeled phenopylate and its analogues to compete [C-14] acifluorfen off of etioplast membranes, the phenopylate analogues were found to bind to the same sites on Protox as acifluorfen, a competitive inhibitor which is suggested to mimic two adjacent pyrrole rings of protoporphyrinogen IX. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. HAZELTON LABS,MADISON,WI 53707. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1993 EP 2000 DI 10.1021/jf00022a052 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700053 ER PT J AU SANDERMANN, H MUSICK, TJ ASCHBACHER, PW AF SANDERMANN, H MUSICK, TJ ASCHBACHER, PW TI ANIMAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF A 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE LIGNIN METABOLITE FRACTION FROM WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOUND C-14 RESIDUES; WHITE-ROT FUNGUS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; PLANT-METABOLISM; RATS; 4-CHLOROANILINE; MINERALIZATION; XENOBIOTICS; SHEEP; FATE AB Treatment of intact wheat plants and excised shoot tissues with [U-C-14]-3,4-dichloroaniline led to 55-65% incorporation of the radioactivity into the "insoluble" residue. A sequential solubilization procedure revealed that approximately 85% of the C-14-label was associated with the operationally defined lignin fraction. When the "insoluble' wheat metabolite residue was fed to rats and lambs, 11-20% of the bound radioactivity was released in soluble form. Refeeding the lamb fecal residue to rats released another approximately 7% of the bound radioactivity. A 3,4-dichloroaniline-lignin metabolite prepared enzymatically has previously been shown to be more extensively solubilized by rats (approximately 66%). Mild acid hydrolysis under simulated stomach conditions (0.1 N HCl, 37-degrees-C) resulted in a "burst" release of free 3,4-dichloroaniline (approximately 30%) only from the previously used lignin metabolite. The presence of 4-hydroxybenzylamine linkages in only the lignin metabolites prepared enzymatically under mild conditions is proposed to explain the different degrees of solubilization in the digestive tract of animals. Animal bioavailability results can thus strongly depend on the methods used to prepare the "bound" metabolite fraction. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP SANDERMANN, H (reprint author), GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH GMBH,INST BIOCHEM PFLANZENPATHOL,INGOLSTADTER LANDSTR 1,W-8042 NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2001 EP 2007 DI 10.1021/jf00022a053 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700054 ER PT J AU BLANKEMEYER, JT STRINGER, BK RAYBURN, JR BANTLE, JA FRIEDMAN, M AF BLANKEMEYER, JT STRINGER, BK RAYBURN, JR BANTLE, JA FRIEDMAN, M TI EFFECT OF POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS, ALPHA-CHACONINE AND ALPHA-SOLANINE, ON MEMBRANE-POTENTIAL OF FROG EMBRYOS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION; TOXICITY AB To demonstrate whether potato glycoalkaloids can alter the integrity of membranes of frog embryo, albino frog embryos were incubated with alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine. Di-4-ANEPPS, an electrochromic fluorescent dye, was added to measure embryonic membrane potential. Alpha-Chaconine increased the Di-4-ANEPPS fluorescence up to 1600% of control, alpha-solanine increased the fluorescence up to 400%, and solanidine had no effect. Increases in fluorescence, when plotted in a concentration-response format, produced EC50 values near published values for FETAX (frog embryo teratogenicity assay-Xenopus). Possible mechanisms and the significance of the fluorescence results to food safety are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,W REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP BLANKEMEYER, JT (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2022 EP 2025 DI 10.1021/jf00022a057 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JU517 UT WOS:A1992JU51700058 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, DC GAYDON, DM MILLER, RW AF SHEPPARD, DC GAYDON, DM MILLER, RW TI RESISTANCE IN HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SELECTED WITH 50 PPM FEED-THROUGH CYROMAZINE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RESISTANCE; CYROMAZINE; LARVADEX(R); HOUSE FLY; FEED-THROUGH; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE AB House fly populations in Mississippi, Maryland, and New Jersey which were poorly controlled with a 5.0-ppm cyromazine feed-through treatment were bioassayed to determine their response to this chemical. Resistance factors (RF's) of 25.6 to 44.6 were found. These are significantly higher than RF's selected with an earlier 1.5-ppm cyromazine feed-through treatment. Resistance potential of a more concentrated sprayable cyromazine has proven to be less in a United States study and in Denmark because its higher intermittent dose is less selective for resistant individuals. The sprayable cyromazine's potential for resistance selection in these preselected populations is unclear. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHEPPARD, DC (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA JW731 UT WOS:A1992JW73100007 ER PT J AU SEAWRIGHT, JA KAISER, PE NARANG, SK TENNESSEN, KJ MITCHELL, SE AF SEAWRIGHT, JA KAISER, PE NARANG, SK TENNESSEN, KJ MITCHELL, SE TI DISTRIBUTION OF SIBLING SPECIES A, B, C, AND D OF THE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO; ISOZYME; POLYTENE CHROMOSOME ID LABORATORY STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; MEMBER; KEY AB The distribution of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say includes an area from the eastern half of the United States to southeastern Canada and northeastern Mexico. Recent research has determined that A. quadrimaculatus exists as a species complex, A, B, C, and D. A survey of the composition of natural populations of the A. quadrimaculatus complex indicated that species A is the predominant species and is widely distributed throughout the range of the complex. Species B was found throughout the southeastern U.S., except in southern Florida. Species D was found across the southeastern states, but always at a low density. Species C was found only in Florida and southern Georgia. C1 USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY AGR RES CTR,FARGO,ND 58105. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP SEAWRIGHT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 289 EP 300 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA JW731 UT WOS:A1992JW73100011 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD GREGORY, KE AF VANVLECK, LD GREGORY, KE TI DIFFERENCES IN HERITABILITY ESTIMATES FROM MULTIPLE-TRAIT AND REPEATED-RECORDS MODELS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VARIANCE COMPONENTS; ESTIMATION; ANIMAL MODELS; GENETIC CORRELATION; REPEATABILITY ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ESTIMATING VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; ANIMAL-MODELS AB Analyses of ovulation rates in consecutive estrous cycles with multiple-trait and repeated-records animal models resulted in different estimates of heritability. The estimate from the repeated-records model was seen to be approximately the product of the average genetic correlation and the average heritability from the multiple-trait procedure. A simple model is used to show algebraically that such a result is expected, particularly if the environmental correlations are small among records of the same animal. Comparison of results of the two types of analyses of 10 replications of 10 combinations of underlying heritabilities and genetic correlations confirms this explanation. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2994 EP 2998 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400009 PM 1429275 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M TI EFFECTS OF THE BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST L644,969 ON MUSCLE PROTEIN-TURNOVER, ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES, AND MEAT TENDERNESS IN STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; PROTEINASES; PROTEIN TURNOVER; TENDERNESS ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; WETHER LAMBS; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FIBER TYPES; GROWTH AB Eight MARC III composite [1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Pinzgauer, and 1/4 Red Poll] steers weighing approximately 350 kg were fed 0 or 3 ppm of the beta-adrenergic agonist L644,969 [Merck Sharp and Dohme Laboratories, Rahway, NJ] for 6 wk in a high-concentrate diet. Feed efficiency was higher [P < .05] in beta-adrenergic agonist-fed steers at 1, 3, 5, and 6 wk on trial. Average daily gain was greater [P < .05] in beta-adrenergic agonist-fed steers at 3, 5, and 6 wk on treatment. Fractional degradation rate [percentage/day] of skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein was 27.1% lower [P < .05] in beta-adrenergic agonist-fed steers at 3 wk on trial. Fractional accretion rate [percentage/day] of skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein in beta-adrenergic agonist-fed steers was higher [P < .05] at 1, 3, 5, and 6 wk on trial. The beta-adrenergic agonist-fed steers had heavier [P < .05] carcasses [9.6%], larger [P < .05] longissimus muscle areas [24.3%], and lower [P < .05] USDA yield grades [43.8%]. Marbling degree, USDA quality grade, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat percentage, and 12th rib fat thickness were not different [P > .05]. Calpastatin activity was higher [P < .05] in muscle from the beta-adrenergic agonist-fed steers at 0 and 7 d postmortem. There were no differences [P > .05] in mu- or m-calpain or in cathepsins B or B+L or cystatin[s] between beta-adrenergic agonist-fed and control steers. The myofibril fragmentation index was greater [P < .05] in control steers after 1, 3, 7, and 14 d postmortem and the Warner-Bratzler shear force was lower [P < .05] in control steers after 7 and 14 d postmortem. These data indicate that the beta-adrenergic agonist-induced muscle hypertrophy may have resulted from reduced proteolytic capacity due to increased calpastatin activity. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 50 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3035 EP 3043 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400014 PM 1358872 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M AF KOOHMARAIE, M TI EFFECT OF PH, TEMPERATURE, AND INHIBITORS ON AUTOLYSIS AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE MU-CALPAIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALPAIN; CALPASTATIN; ZINC; LEUPEPTIN; POSTMORTEM CHANGES; PROTEOLYSIS ID ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE; CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEINASES; LIMITED AUTOLYSIS; CALCIUM; SUBUNIT; AUTOPROTEOLYSIS; CLEAVAGE; BINDING; STORAGE; FORMS AB To improve our understanding of the regulation of calpain activity in situ during postmortem storage, the effects of pH, temperature, and inhibitors on the autolysis and subsequent proteolytic activity of mu-calpain were studied. Calpains (mu- and m-calpain) and calpastatin were purified from bovine skeletal muscle. All autolysis experiments were conducted in the absence of substrate at different pH (7.0, 6.2, and 5.8) and temperatures (25 and 5-degrees-C). Autolysis of mu-calpain generated polypeptides with estimated masses of 61, 55, 40, 27, 23, and 18 kDa. The rate of autolysis was significantly increased with decreasing pH. The rate of degradation of the 80-kDa subunit was significantly decreased with decreasing temperature. However, degradation of the 30-kDa subunit was not affected by decreasing temperature. By conducting autolysis experiments at 5-degrees-C and immunoblotting of autolytic fragments with anti-80 kDa, it was demonstrated that with the exception of 18 kDa, which originates from 30 kDa, all other fragments probably originate from degradation of the 80-kDa subunit. Calpastatin, leupeptin, and E-64 did not inhibit the initial step of autolysis, but they did inhibit further breakdown of these fragments. However, zinc, which also inhibits the proteolytic activity of calpain, only reduced the rate of autolysis, but did not inhibit it. The possible significance of these results in terms of the regulation of calpain in postmortem muscle is discussed. RP KOOHMARAIE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 39 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3071 EP 3080 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400018 PM 1429283 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M TI FREEZING AND CALCIUM-CHLORIDE MARINATION EFFECTS ON BEEF TENDERNESS AND CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TENDERNESS; CALPASTATIN; BEEF; FREEZING; CALCIUM ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; OVINE CARCASSES; IONIC-STRENGTH; MUSCLE; PALATABILITY; ACCELERATION; INFUSION; STORAGE; SOLUBILIZATION AB Because freezing samples decreases calpastatin activity and the application of exogenous calcium activates the calpain proteolytic system, thereby improving tenderness, the objective of this study was to determine whether freezing would enhance the effects of CaCl2 marination on the tenderness of beef steaks. Longissimus steaks were obtained from 10 beef steers 6 d postmortem. One-half of the steaks were frozen at -30-degrees-C for 6 wk. The remaining steaks were treated fresh; one-half were subjected to a 150 mM CaCl2 marinade for 48 h. Frozen steaks were thawed and subjected to the same treatment. Treatments consisted of 1) fresh control, 2) fresh marinated, 3) frozen control, and 4) frozen marinated. Samples were taken before and after treatment (6 and 8 d) for calpastatin activity determination and d 8 for SDS-PAGE. Warner-Bratzler shear force values were measured 8 d postmortem. Data were analyzed using a paired comparison t-test procedure. Results showed that freezing and marination significantly decreased calpastatin activity. A .35-kg improvement (P = .07) in Warner-Bratzler shear force was observed with freezing, whereas a.78-kg improvement (P < .01) in tenderness was observed with marination. However, prior freezing enhanced the effects of marination. Therefore, the decrease in calpastatin activity seemed to allow greater proteolysis by the calpains with the application of Ca2+. The SDS-PAGE of myofibril preparations indicated that more small polypeptide fragments (28 to 32 kDa) appeared and a 95-kDa fragment was more intense in the marinated samples than in control samples, indicating that proteolysis was enhanced. In conclusion, tenderness was improved by CaCl2 marination and prior freezing intensified its effect. RP WHIPPLE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3081 EP 3085 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400019 PM 1429284 ER PT J AU RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR BARB, CR ESTIENNE, CE ESTIENNE, MJ AF RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR BARB, CR ESTIENNE, CE ESTIENNE, MJ TI REGRESSION OF INDUCED CORPORA-LUTEA IN MATURE CYCLIC GILTS BY HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LUTEOLYSIS; HCG; GILTS ID PREPUBERAL GILTS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; INDOMETHACIN; PROGESTERONE; PREGNANCY; PIG AB This study was conducted to determine whether chronic hCG treatment would cause regression of induced corpora lutea (CL) in mature cyclic gilts. Thirty-two mature gilts that had displayed one or more estrous cycles of 18 to 22 d were used. Sixteen gilts were hysterectomized (HYSTX) on d 6 to 9 (d 0 = onset of estrus) and their CL were marked with charcoal (spontaneous group). Sixteen gilts (induced group) were injected with 1,500 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on d 6 and 500 IU of hCG on d 9 (day of hCG = d 0 of the induced cycle). Ovulation was assumed to occur on d 2 of the induced cycle. Induced gilts were HYSTX on d 8 to 9 (d 17 to 18 of the original spontaneous cycle) and their CL were marked with charcoal. Only gilts (n = 14) in which induced CL were present and in which the original CL had regressed were then subjected to treatment with saline or hCG. From d 10 to 29, gilts with spontaneous CL were injected daily with 500 IU of hCG (n = 8) or saline (n = 8). From d 10 to 29 of the induced cycle, induced gilts were injected daily with 500 IU of hCG (n = 6) or saline (n = 8). Jugular blood samples were collected every other day from all gilts beginning on the 1st d of daily hCG treatment and quantified for estradiol and progesterone by RIA. On the day after the last hCG injection, the number of charcoal-marked CL and charcoal-marked corpora albicantia (CA) were determined. All spontaneous CL were maintained. Six of eight gilts with induced CL that received saline maintained CL, whereas only one of six (P < .05) gilts with induced CL that received daily hCG maintained CL. All gilts that were treated with hCG had numerous accessory CL. Serum estradiol concentrations were < 5 pg/mL throughout the sampling period in gilts receiving daily saline injections. Serum estradiol concentrations in the hCG-treated gilts with spontaneous CL increased by d 12 and remained elevated. In the hCG-treated gilts with induced CL, serum estradiol concentrations were elevated from d 12 to d 22 but returned to control concentrations on d 24. These results indicate that daily administration of hCG caused regression of induced CL of mature cyclic gilts. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP RAMPACEK, GB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3144 EP 3148 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400027 PM 1429291 ER PT J AU SPICER, LJ KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC MAURER, R YEN, JT ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF SPICER, LJ KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC MAURER, R YEN, JT ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI EFFECT OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ON NUMBER OF GRANULOSA-CELL LUTEINIZING-HORMONE HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN RECEPTORS, OOCYTE VIABILITY, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF STEROIDS AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I AND FACTOR-II IN FOLLICULAR-FLUID OF LEAN AND OBESE GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPIN; GILTS; IGF-I; OVARIES ID IGF-I; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; BINDING PROTEINS; FACTOR-BETA; DIFFERENTIATION; PIGS; SERUM; RAT; RESPONSES; PROGESTERONE AB Prepubertal gilts of obese (n = 24) or lean (n = 24) genetic lines were injected (s.c.) daily with 0, 2, or 4 mg of porcine somatotropin (pST) for 6 wk starting at 160 d of age to determine whether pST affects follicular function. Blood and ovaries were collected at slaughter 24 h after the last injection. Surface follicles greater-than-or-equal-to 1.0 mm in diameter were counted, and pools of follicular fluid (FFL) and granulosa cells were collected from 1.0- to 3.9-mm (small) and 4.0- to 6.9-mm (medium) follicles. Oocytes were collected from small and medium follicles and evaluated for maturational stage and viability. Porcine somatotropin increased (P < .08) the numbers of small but not the numbers of medium follicles per gilt (P > .10). Oocyte maturation and viability were not affected by pST or genetic line. Porcine somatotropin increased (P < .05) concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in serum and FFL of both obese and lean gilts; IGF-I was lower (P < .01) in lean gilts. Treatment with pST decreased (P < .05) IGF-II in FFL of lean but not in that of obese gilts. Dose of pST and line had no effect on concentrations of progesterone in FFL of small or medium follicles or on concentrations of estradiol in FFL of small follicles. Concentrations of estradiol in FFL of medium follicles were decreased (P < .05) by pST (2 and 4 mg/d) in obese gilts, but estradiol was lower (P < .01) and unaffected (P > .10) by pST in lean gilts. The numbers of LH/hCG binding sites in granulosa cells were decreased (P < .05) by pST (4 mg/d) in medium follicles. The 4 mg/d dose of pST increased (P < .05) IGF-I binding protein activity only in serum of obese gilts. We conclude that 2 and(or) 4 mg/d of pST can increase concentrations of IGF-I in serum and FFL and stimulate growth of small follicles in two genetically divergent lines of gilts without affecting oocyte viability. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP SPICER, LJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,114 ANIM SCI BLDG,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 49 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3149 EP 3157 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400028 PM 1385379 ER PT J AU TYRRELL, HF THOMSON, DJ WALDO, DR GOERING, HK HAALAND, GL AF TYRRELL, HF THOMSON, DJ WALDO, DR GOERING, HK HAALAND, GL TI UTILIZATION OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN BY YEARLING HOLSTEIN CATTLE FED DIRECT-CUT ALFALFA OR ORCHARDGRASS ENSILED WITH FORMIC-ACID PLUS FORMALDEHYDE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENERGY METABOLISM; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; SILAGE; NITROGEN; CATTLE ID READILY FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATE; VISCERAL HEAT-PRODUCTION; BODY TISSUE SYNTHESIS; TO-CONCENTRATE RATIO; GROWING BEEF HEIFERS; TREATED ALFALFA; QUANTITATIVE DIGESTION; FRESH HERBAGE; STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE; PARTIAL EFFICIENCY AB First-growth orchardgrass and alfalfa were harvested at two stages of maturity, treated with formic acid plus formaldehyde, and ensiled as direct-cut silage during 1978 and 1979. The 1978 silages were fed to eight yearling Holstein heifers (average BW 273 kg), and the 1979 silages were fed to eight yearling Holstein steers (average BW 264 kg) in replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experiments to measure total energy and N balance using the Beltsville open-circuit respiration calorimeters. Silage was offered daily at 70 g of DM/kg.75 BW, a rate that was essentially ad libitum for late-maturity orchardgrass, but restricted for the other three silages within each experiment. Cattle fed alfalfa used ME for growth with greater efficiency (55%) than did cattle fed orchardgrass (40%). Cattle fed orchardgrass achieved the same tissue N retention at a lower total N intake than did cattle fed alfalfa. Differences in tissue N retention were accounted for by differences in N intake insoluble in autoclaved ruminal fluid, but soluble in acid detergent, a fraction termed available N. At equal intake of ME and available N, cattle fed alfalfa gained more tissue energy than those fed orchardgrass and gained tissue protein similarly to cattle fed orchardgrass. Fractions composing digestible OM were different between forage types but similar within forage type between maturities at harvest. More efficient use of ME for growth by animals fed alfalfa compared with orchardgrass may be related to differences in digestible OM composition, load of digestive tract content, and composition of absorbed nutrients. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI INST,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3163 EP 3177 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400030 PM 1331017 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CB KEELE, JW WALDO, DR AF WILLIAMS, CB KEELE, JW WALDO, DR TI A COMPUTER-MODEL TO PREDICT EMPTY BODY-WEIGHT IN CATTLE FROM DIET AND ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SIMULATION MODELS; BODY WEIGHT; CATTLE; DIET ID AMMONIATED HAY; YOUNG STEERS; FISH-MEAL; PERFORMANCE; SILAGE; COMPONENTS; SUPPLEMENT; COWS AB A computer model was developed to predict empty BW in cattle as a function of diet (forage NDF, physical form of forage [hay vs silage and pasturel, proportion of dietary concentrates) and animal (full BW) characteristics. The model was empty BW = full BW * (1 - GFILL), where GFILL is gut fill expressed as a fraction of full BW. An equation obtained from published data (GFILL = .05354 + .329 * NDF) was used to provide a base prediction of GFILL from the fraction of NDF in the forage. Predicted GFILL was then corrected for full BW, physical form of forage, and fraction of concentrates using multiplicative factors obtained from published data. The model was evaluated with data from 11 published experiments. Several breeds of cattle, a wide range of forage types, and diets with 0 to 93% concentrates were represented in these, data observed values for empty BW were compared to model-predicted values and to values predicted by systems published by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and National Research Council (NRC). Sums of squared deviations of predicted values from observed (n = 64) were 3,074, 37,327, and 25,920 for the model, ARC, and NRC systems, respectively. After fitting predicted empty BW values to observed values, proportion of concentrates and forage NDF accounted for a significant (P < .01) amount of the residual variation with the ARC and NRC systems, but not for the model. This finding suggests that the model will predict empty BW more accurately than the ARC and NRC systems with diets similar to those used in the evaluation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WILLIAMS, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3215 EP 3222 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JQ074 UT WOS:A1992JQ07400035 PM 1429297 ER PT J AU LEE, IM GUNDERSEN, DE DAVIS, RE CHIYKOWSKI, LN AF LEE, IM GUNDERSEN, DE DAVIS, RE CHIYKOWSKI, LN TI IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF A GENOMIC STRAIN CLUSTER OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH CANADIAN PEACH (EASTERN) X-DISEASE, WESTERN X-DISEASE, AND CLOVER YELLOW EDGE SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROBES; MICROSCOPY; MLOS AB Genetic interrelatedness among 13 strains of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) from various sources was evaluated by dot hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using cloned DNA probes derived from Canadian peach X (CX) and western X (WX) MLOs. Dot hybridization analysis indicated that CX, WX, and clover yellow edge MLOs are closely related and form a distinct strain cluster that is only distantly related to the 10 other MLOs. Similarity coefficients derived from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that CX, WX, and clover yellow edge MLOs represent three distinct genomic types. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. AGR CANADA,PLANT RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 174 IS 20 BP 6694 EP 6698 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JT530 UT WOS:A1992JT53000048 PM 1356968 ER PT J AU KRASNOFF, SB GUPTA, S AF KRASNOFF, SB GUPTA, S TI EFRAPEPTIN PRODUCTION BY TOLYPOCLADIUM FUNGI (DEUTEROMYCOTINA, HYPHOMYCETES) - INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHEMOTAXONOMY; FUNGUS; TOLYPOCLADIUM; FUNGAL TOXIN; MYCOTOXIN; EFRAPEPTINS ID CYLINDROSPORUM; VERTICILLIUM; PATHOGENESIS; EXTINGUENS; BEAUVERIA; INFECTION; NIVEUM; LARVAE AB Production of the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory peptides efrapeptins was evaluated by HPLC analysis in 44 strains of nine species of the fungal genus Tolypocladium (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). Efrapeptin identification was confirmed by mass spectral data for the first time in the species T. cylindrosporum. HPLC retention time data indicated that T. nubicola and T. tundrense, two species not previously known to produce efrapeptins, also produce the peptides. No efrapeptins were detected (< 0.3 mg/100 ml broth) in single strains each of T. balanoides, T. extinguens, T. parasiticum, and T. microsporum. Five strains of T. geodes produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had compound F, or F and G, as the major component(s) in the mixture with the order of abundance being F > or is similar to G > H is similar to D is similar to E > C. Eleven strains of T. niveum produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had efrapeptins D and E as the primary and secondary components, respectively, in the mixture with the order of abundance being D > E > F > C is similar to G. A single T. niveum strain had an efrapeptin profile similar to that of the T. geodes strains. Ten strains of T. cylindrosporum had detectable amounts of efrapeptins. Of these, nine had F and one had G as the major component. T. cylindrosporum had higher ratios of E to D than did T. geodes. Efrapeptins were detected in one of two T. nubicola strains analyzed (F > G > H) and one of three T. tundrense strains (F > G > H > E). T. niveum strains could, in most cases, be identified to species on the basis of their efrapeptin profiles. RP KRASNOFF, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1727 EP 1741 DI 10.1007/BF02751098 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JU407 UT WOS:A1992JU40700005 PM 24254715 ER PT J AU WHITMAN, DW ELLER, FJ AF WHITMAN, DW ELLER, FJ TI ORIENTATION OF MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) TO GREEN LEAF VOLATILES - DOSE-RESPONSE CURVES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GREEN LEAF VOLATILE; SEMIOCHEMICAL; SYNOMONE; VOLATILE ATTRACTANT; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; TRITROPHIC; HOST LOCATION; PARASITOID BEHAVIOR ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE KOCH; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; HOST PLANT; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; ADULT EXPERIENCE; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; CRESSON; FOLIAGE; ALLELOCHEMICALS AB Female Microplitis croceipes wasps were tested in a wind tunnel for their ability to orient to various concentrations of eight different green leaf volatile (GLV) substances [hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl propionate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate]. Overall, the esters elicited the greatest percentage of successful orientation flights, the alcohols elicited an intermediate response, and the aldehydes elicited a low response. The semilog dose-response curves were generally hill-shaped with high responses at medium release rates and low responses at high or low release rates. For the aldehydes, positive responses occurred at all GLV release rates between 0.01 and 100 nl/min. For some alcohols and esters, positive responses occurred at release rates as low as 1 pl/min and as high as 1 mul/min. These data show that M. croceipes wasps are strongly attracted to GLVs and are capable of orienting to GLV concentrations that would occur in nature when a caterpillar feeds on a green leaf. Hence, in nature, GLVs may be important clues, enabling M. croceipes to locate their hosts. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WHITMAN, DW (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NORMAL,IL 61761, USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1753 DI 10.1007/BF02751099 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JU407 UT WOS:A1992JU40700006 PM 24254716 ER PT J AU LI, YS DICKENS, JC STEINER, WWM AF LI, YS DICKENS, JC STEINER, WWM TI ANTENNAL OLFACTORY RESPONSIVENESS OF MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) TO COTTON PLANT VOLATILES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; CHEMORECEPTORS; COTTON; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; HOST HABITAT LOCATION; PLANT VOLATILES; PARASITOID; EAG ID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS HYMENOPTERA; GRANDIS BOH COLEOPTERA; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; BOLL-WEEVIL; HOST; BEHAVIOR; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONES AB Antennal olfactory responses of the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), to 29 cotton volatile compounds were measured by electroantennogram (EAG) techniques. No significant sexual differences were found in EAGs of males and females to volatiles emanating from 100-mug stimulus loads of the 29 cotton compounds. Green leaf volatiles (saturated and monounsaturated six-carbon alcohols, aldehydes, and their acetate derivatives), heptanal, and the benzene derivatives, benzaldehyde and acetophenone, elicited the largest EAGs. Monoterpenes elicited moderate EAGs with beta-ocimene being the most effective monoterpene tested. Among the sesquiterpenes tested, beta-bisabolol was the most effective stimulus at the 100-mug dose. Dose-response curves constructed from EAGs of females revealed a low threshold for (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, a compound previously shown to be an effective attractant in wind-tunnel bioassays. Comparison of relative volatilities of the various odorants indicated differential selectivity and sensitivity of M. croceipes antennal receptors to them. The roles of cotton plant volatiles in host habitat location of M. croceipes are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1761 EP 1773 DI 10.1007/BF02751101 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JU407 UT WOS:A1992JU40700008 PM 24254718 ER PT J AU SHEN, SK DOWD, PF AF SHEN, SK DOWD, PF TI DETOXIFYING ENZYMES AND INSECT SYMBIONTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE BEETLE; YEASTS RP SHEN, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 10 BP 796 EP 799 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA JZ474 UT WOS:A1992JZ47400012 ER PT J AU FIGUEROA, JV CHIEVES, LP JOHNSON, GS BUENING, GM AF FIGUEROA, JV CHIEVES, LP JOHNSON, GS BUENING, GM TI DETECTION OF BABESIA-BIGEMINA-INFECTED CARRIERS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVITRO CULTIVATION; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; BOVIS; BLOOD; PCR AB A SpeI-AvaI fragment (0.3 kbp) from pBbi16 (a pBR322 derivative containing a 6.3-kbp Babesia bigemina DNA insert) was subcloned into the pBluescript phagemid vector and was sequenced by the dideoxy-mediated chain termination method. Two sets of primers were designed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Primer set IA-IB was used to amplify a 278-bp DNA fragment, and primer set IAN-EBN was used to prepare a probe directed to a site within the PCR-amplified target DNA. Digoxigenin-dUTP was incorporated into the probe during the amplification reaction. PCR amplification of target DNA obtained from in vitro-cultured B. bigemina and nucleic acid hybridization of amplified product with the nonradioactive DNA probe showed that a 278-bp fragment could be detected when as little as 100 fg of parasite genomic DNA was used in the assay. A fragment of similar size was amplified from genomic DNAs from several B. bigemina isolates but not from DNAs from Babesia bovis, Anaplasma marginale, or six species of bacteria or bovine leukocytes. Similarly, the PCR product could be detected in DNA samples purified from 200 mul of blood with a parasitemia of as low as 1 in 10(8) cells and which contained an estimated 30 B. bigemina-infected erythrocytes. By a direct PCR method, B. bigemina DNA was amplified from 20 mul of packed erythrocytes with a calculated parasitemia of 1 in 10(9) cells. With the analytical sensitivity level of the PCR-DNA probe assay, six cattle with inapparent, 11-month chronic B. bigemina infection were found to be positive. No PCR product was observed in bovine blood samples collected from a splenectomized, A. marginale-infected bovine, a 4-year chronic B. bovis-infected animal, or 20 uninfected cattle from Missouri which were subjected to amplification. The PCR-DNA probe assay was shown to be sensitive in detecting latently infected cattle. The specificity and high analytical sensitivity of the test provide valuable tools for performing large-scale epidemiological studies. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,NATL VET SERV LAB,DIAGNOST BACTERIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2576 EP 2582 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JP653 UT WOS:A1992JP65300010 PM 1400956 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC OLANDER, HJ SENNE, DA AF BROWN, CC OLANDER, HJ SENNE, DA TI A PATHOGENESIS STUDY OF HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS H5N2 IN CHICKENS, USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; LESIONS C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SCI LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 8 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 107 IS 3 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1016/0021-9975(92)90009-J PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA JZ871 UT WOS:A1992JZ87100008 PM 1469128 ER PT J AU GEYER, DJ KELLER, CK SMITH, JL JOHNSTONE, DL AF GEYER, DJ KELLER, CK SMITH, JL JOHNSTONE, DL TI SUBSURFACE FATE OF NITRATE AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND LANDSCAPE POSITION IN MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WATERSHED, USA SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAROLINA COASTAL-PLAIN; SANDY AQUIFER; NO-TILL; DENITRIFICATION; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; RATES; IRRIGATION AB Increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater associated with the application of nitrogen fertilizers have led to inquiries concerning the fate of nitrate beneath agricultural fields. This study was conducted to identify the processes affecting the distribution of nitrate in the unsaturated and saturated zones beneath an agricultural field and to assess how each process is influenced by factors associated with slope position. Nested piezometers were installed at two slope positions at the study site in southeastern Washington, U.S.A. Unsaturated- and saturated-zone sediment cores were analyzed for water content, pH, total and soluble organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, and denitrification potential. Waters from the piezometers showed decreasing nitrate concentrations with depth below the water table. Trends in measured parameters indicated depth intervals where the distribution of nitrate could be attributed either solely to transport or to a combination of transport and biological denitrification. Denitrification explained the distribution of nitrate in the root zone while transport explained the interval between the root zone and the water table. There was a higher potential for denitrification below the water table at the bottom slope than at the top slope. Factors associated with slope position, such as a shallow water table and impeding stratigraphic layers, may explain this higher potential. Regardless of slope position, comparing nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide production from nitrate- and carbon-amended or -unamended samples indicated that denitrifier populations present in high-potential zones arc nitrate-limited. Results from spherical microsite modelling suggest that anoxic conditions are possible in the bulk sediment despite the presence of oxygenated groundwaters beneath both slope positions. Advective-dispersive transport will continue to transport nitrate through the unsaturated and saturated zones. The data from this study suggest that there is greater potential for nitrate attenuation by denitrification beneath the bottom slope than the top slope. The data also show that large masses of nitrate reside in deep subsoil vadose zones. These regions must therefore be monitored to detect threats to future groundwater quality. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 70 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(92)90037-F PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA JW114 UT WOS:A1992JW11400007 ER PT J AU GRANT, RJ MERTENS, DR AF GRANT, RJ MERTENS, DR TI INFLUENCE OF BUFFER PH AND RAW CORN STARCH ADDITION ON INVITRO FIBER DIGESTION KINETICS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASSOCIATIVE EFFECTS; ARTIFICIAL RUMEN; DIGESTION RATE; EXTENT OF DIGESTION ID RUMEN BACTERIA; PURE CULTURES; GROWTH AB The impact was studied of buffer pH (5.8, 6.2, and 6.8) on in vitro digestion kinetics of NDF from alfalfa hay, bromegrass hay, com silage, and alfalfa and bromegrass hays with raw com starch added to approximate a ration containing 30% NDF. Ash-free NDF was determined at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of fermentation. Kinetic parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression using an iteratively reweighted least squares technique. Addition of raw com starch decreased fiber digestion rate for alfalfa hay and lag for bromegrass hay. Both rate and lag of NDF digestion of all substrates were affected negatively below pH 6.2. Predicted ruminal NDF digestibilities (as percentage of that at pH 6.8 treatment) declined below pH 6.2 for all forages; addition of starch decreased predicted ruminal NDF digestibility by 23% for both alfalfa and bromegrass hays, even at pH 6.8. Results suggest that low pH decreases fiber digestion rate and increases lag and that starch accentuates this effect for some substrates. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 22 TC 122 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2762 EP 2768 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78039-4 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JQ984 UT WOS:A1992JQ98400015 PM 1331215 ER PT J AU WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM POWELL, RL AF WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM POWELL, RL TI A METHOD FOR COMBINING UNITED-STATES AND CANADIAN BULL EVALUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL MODEL; GENETIC EVALUATION; COMBINED EVALUATION; CONVERSION ID INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION; ANIMAL-MODEL; DAIRY SIRES; COUNTRIES AB Canadian and US genetic evaluations for July 1991 were combined for 3304 Holstein bulls evaluated in Canada that had US progeny or a cross-reference code. Canadian evaluations of the bulls and their sires and dams were converted to US PTA. Combined PTA were weighted averages of progeny information from both countries and parent average. Parent average was recomputed from the sire's combined evaluation and the dam's evaluation with the most daughter equivalents. Bulls were processed in birth year order so that combined evaluation of sire was available. Progeny contribution was adjusted to remove the influence of the bull's evaluation on progeny evaluations through their parent averages, which left only the portion that was due to progeny records and grandprogeny information. A weighted average of adjusted progeny contributions was combined with parent average to form a combined PTA more accurately than possible by averaging domestic and converted PTA. Combined reliability was computed by summing daughter equivalents from progeny and from updated evaluations of parents. Canadian daughter equivalents were multiplied by .9 to approximate US values. Combined evaluations simplify bull selection by providing comparable and complete information for bulls evaluated in two countries. RP WIGGANS, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2834 EP 2839 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78046-1 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JQ984 UT WOS:A1992JQ98400022 PM 1430487 ER PT J AU VANRADEN, PM LAWLOR, TJ SHORT, TH HOESCHELE, I AF VANRADEN, PM LAWLOR, TJ SHORT, TH HOESCHELE, I TI USE OF REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY TO ESTIMATE VARIANCES AND PREDICT EFFECTS OF GENE INTERACTIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; GENE INTERACTION; CLONES; DOMINANCE VARIANCE ID RELATIONSHIP MATRICES; CANADIAN HOLSTEINS; RAPID INVERSION; INCLUDING SIRE; TRAITS AB Advanced reproductive techniques are creating the large numbers of close relatives needed to study gene interactions. Identical triplets, a set of 26 full sisters, a family of 4215 three-quarter sisters (same sire and maternal grandsire), a family of 76,698 half sisters, and 1.6 million granddaughters of Round Oak Rag Apple Elevation now have lactation records. Similarity of closest relatives might be explained by similar nonadditive as well as additive genetic merit. The 23,015 families of full sisters with mean family size of 3 provide nearly as much information about dominance variation as do the 55,779 families of three-quarter sisters with mean family size of 13; the 79 families of clones provide little information by comparison. Hypothetically, REML analysis of all US Holstein data could provide estimates of dominance and additive x additive variance with standard errors approximately 1% of phenotypic variance, but estimates of any higher order interactions would have standard errors >10%. The tilde-hat approximation proved to be incompatible with animal models but was used for sire-maternal grandsire analysis of 765,868 first lactation records. Dominance variance was estimated as 3.5% of phenotypic variance for milk and 3.3% for fat with standard error of 4.2%. With constant data set size, variances are estimated most precisely if family sizes equal 1 plus ratio of within-family to between-family variance. An animal model evaluation including dominance relationships for 581,670 animals was computed, but gene interactions from distant ancestor pairs were ignored. Mating advice and improved additive predictions, especially for clones, could be obtained by including dominance in models. C1 HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN ASSOC AMER,BRATTLEBORO,VT 05302. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP VANRADEN, PM (reprint author), USDA,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2892 EP 2901 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78051-5 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JQ984 UT WOS:A1992JQ98400027 PM 1430491 ER PT J AU MCGAUGHEY, WH JOHNSON, DE AF MCGAUGHEY, WH JOHNSON, DE TI INDIANMEAL MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT STRAINS AND MIXTURES OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; SUBSP KURSTAKI; PREDICTING DURABILITY; MANAGING RESISTANCE; SIMULATION-MODELS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; GERM PLASM; PLANTS; TOXICITY; PLUTELLIDAE AB The potential for Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), to evolve resistance to isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis other than subsp. kurstaki HD-1 was determined through laboratory selection experiments. Resistance developed quickly toward isolates HD-1 12 and HD-133 of subsp. aizawai and HD-198 of subsp. entomocidus, reaching levels of 28, 61, and 21, respectively, after almost-equal-to 20 generations of selection. However, the rates of progression were somewhat slower toward these isolates than toward HD-1, probably because of the different toxin composition of these other isolates. Simultaneous selection for resistance to a mixture of HD-1 and HD-133 resulted in resistance to both isolates, but the rate toward the mixture was somewhat slower than that to the individual isolates. An insect population that was already resistant to isolate HD-1 readily developed resistance to isolate HD-133 as well. The results demonstrate that mixtures of strains do not preclude the possibility of resistance and that their value in slowing resistance development may not be large. RP MCGAUGHEY, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 32 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1600 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200009 ER PT J AU MOSS, JI PATTERSON, RS KOEHLER, PG AF MOSS, JI PATTERSON, RS KOEHLER, PG TI DETECTION OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE GERMAN-COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) WITH GLUE-TOXIN TRAPS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RESISTANCE; MONITORING; DIAGNOSTIC DOSE ID MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; AZINPHOSMETHYL RESISTANCE; CHLORPYRIFOS RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; PHEROMONE TRAPS; SINGLE INSECTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; TORTRICIDAE; ORTHOPTERA AB Glue that contained an insecticide was evaluated for its ability to yield useful toxicological data for German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). Toxicities of three classes of insecticides were evaluated by topical applications (LD50) and exposure to insecticide-impregnated glue (LC50). Cockroaches that were resistant to topical insecticide applications were also resistant to the glue formulation. Reliability was greatest when mortality was scored 40 to 48 h after the cockroaches were placed on the glue. This method should be adaptable for insecticide resistance monitoring of German cockroaches. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP MOSS, JI (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,1600 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1601 EP 1605 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200010 PM 1401478 ER PT J AU RAULSTON, JR PAIR, SD LOERA, J CABANILLAS, HE AF RAULSTON, JR PAIR, SD LOERA, J CABANILLAS, HE TI PREPUPAL AND PUPAL PARASITISM OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA AND SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA - NOCTUIDAE) BY STEINERNEMA SP IN CORNFIELDS IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STEINERNEMA-SP; NOCTUIDAE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID CORN AB An indigenous Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) nematode parasitized prepupae and pupae of com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), collected from fruiting cornfields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Over a 5-yr period, 34% of all fields sampled contained parasitized com earworm and 24.2% contained parasitized fall armyworm. Of 3,036 com earworm prepupae and pupae collected during this study, 11.6% were parasitized; of 1,802 fall armyworm collected, 9.3% were parasitized. Parasitism by Steinernema sp. accounted for 49.4 and 46.1% of the mortality of corn earworm and fall armyworm prepupae and pupae, respectively. RP RAULSTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON INSECTS RES,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1666 EP 1670 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200020 ER PT J AU WONG, TTY RAMADAN, MM HERR, JC MCINNIS, DO AF WONG, TTY RAMADAN, MM HERR, JC MCINNIS, DO TI SUPPRESSION OF A MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) POPULATION WITH CONCURRENT PARASITOID AND STERILE FLY RELEASES IN KULA, MAUI, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; DIACHASMIMORPHA-TRYONI ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; BIOSTERES-TRYONI HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; MATING RESPONSE; COMPETITIVENESS; BRACONIDAE; ABUNDANCE; WILD AB Irradiated adult Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were released at an average rate of 3 million per week for 5 mo in a sterile insect technique (SIT) program to suppress a wild C. capitata population in the 13-km2 area of Kula, Maui, HI. Concurrent with sterile fly releases, the braconid larval parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) was released at an average rate of 388,000 per week. The average weekly overflooding ratio was 76.0 +/- 4.8 sterile/wild flies. Mean number (+/-SEM) of male C. capitata trapped per day was significantly reduced to 0.15 +/- 0.05 in Kula compared with 1.30 +/- 0.17 in a nearby control area. The mean percentage of C. capitata eggs hatching was significantly lower in Kula (22.9 +/- 4.2%) than in the control area (90.2 +/- 0.9%). The overall mean percentage parasitism of C. capitata in fruit samples was significantly higher in Kula (47.2 +/- 2.7%) than in the control area (20.3 +/- 3.1%). After the first month of parasitoid releases, D. tryoni became the dominant parasitoid present in Kula, representing 61.6 +/- 6.3% of the parasitoids recovered from C. capitata in fruit samples. The mean number of adult C. capitata recovered per kilogram of fruit was significantly lower in Kula (9.8 +/- 1.3) compared with the control area (92.6 +/- 22.7). This field experiment suggests that the concurrent release of parasitoids and sterile flies represents a valuable approach to eradication of established Mediterranean fruit fly populations. RP WONG, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEG RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 45 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1671 EP 1681 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200021 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M AF SHAPIRO, M TI USE OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS AS RADIATION PROTECTANTS FOR GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; VIRUS; BRIGHTENERS ID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTANTS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; CONGO RED; SCREENS AB Twenty-three optical brighteners were tested as radiation protectants for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). Three brighteners were ineffective (i.e., <10% original activity remained after ultraviolet [UV] irradiation), and 17 provided good protection (i.e., >70% original activity remained). Eight of the latter 17 brighteners (Intrawite CF, Leucophor BS, Leucophor BSB, Phorwite AR, Phorwite BRU, Phorwite BKL, Phorwite CL, and Tinopal LPW) provided complete protection (i.e., 100% original activity remaining) at a 1% concentration. At lower concentrations, Phorwite AR and Tinopal LPW were superior UV protectants. Mortality rates were also affected by several brighteners (Intrawite CF, Phorwite AR, Leucophor BS, Leucophor BSB, Tinopal LPW), and NPV-exposed insects died more quickly than those exposed to standard NPV + H2O. RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 93 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1686 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200022 ER PT J AU STARK, JD VARGAS, RI MESSING, RH PURCELL, M AF STARK, JD VARGAS, RI MESSING, RH PURCELL, M TI EFFECTS OF CYROMAZINE AND DIAZINON ON 3 ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT HAWAIIAN TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) AND THEIR ENDOPARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYROMAZINE; FRUIT FLY; PARASITOIDS ID APHYTIS-MELINUS HYMENOPTERA; FLY SPECIES DIPTERA; APHELINIDAE; CGA-72662; INSECTICIDES; OVIPOSITION; METABOLISM; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; MUSCIDAE AB Effects of cyromazine and diazinon on eclosion, longevity, and reproduction of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel); and melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), were determined. Eclosion and longevity of the braconid endoparasitoids Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), P. fletcheri (Silvestri), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), and D. tryoni (Cameron) and the reproduction of D. longicaudata and D. tryoni that parasitized fruit flies exposed to cyromazine and diazinon were also determined. Formation of puparia was not affected by cyromazine but was affected by diazinon in a concentration-dependent manner at the concentrations tested. At LC50 B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae were more susceptible to cyromazine than to diazinon; C. capitata was equally susceptible to both chemicals. Eclosion of endoparasitoids from diazinon-treated hosts was concentration-dependent, but parasitoid eclosion from cyromazine-treated hosts was not significantly different from that of controls. Fecundity and fertility of B. cucurbitae were significantly reduced in females that survived treatment with 0.5 ppm cyromazine. Production of F, progeny by D. tryoni that eclosed from flies exposed to 1.0 ppm diazinon was significantly reduced. Cyromazine had no impact on progeny production of either D. longicaudata or D. tryoni at the concentrations tested. Potential use of cyromazine in conjunction with biological control for fruit fly eradication and control programs is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEG RES LAB,KAPAA,HI 96746. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1687 EP 1694 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200023 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, TL KINDLER, SD HARVEY, TL STAHLMAN, PW AF SPRINGER, TL KINDLER, SD HARVEY, TL STAHLMAN, PW TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BROME GRASS TO RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOMOPTERA; BROMUS; WHEAT ID DOWNY BROME; TECTORUM AB Three annual Bromus species-cheat, B. secalinus L.; downy brome, B. tectorum L.; and Japanese brome, B.japonicus Thunberg-are associated with small-grain production and have life cycles similar to that of winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Objectives were to establish preferences of Russian wheat aphid for cheat, downy brome, Japanese brome, and wheat and to evaluate Bromus species indigenous to the central and western United States for their relative susceptibility to aphid feeding damage. Studies of nonpreference, aphid weight and fecundity, time to plant death, and plant damage were conducted in a greenhouse. The following order of decreasing acceptability was observed: wheat, downy brome, cheat, and Japanese brome. These data suggest that Russian wheat aphids prefer wheat in a wheat-annual brome mixture. Russian wheat aphid reared on wheat was on average 38% heavier and produced an average of 10.2 more nymphs per individual than when reared on annual brome species. Seedlings of wheat infested by Russian wheat aphid lived 6.7 d less than the brome species. B. inermis Leysser and B. pumpellianus Scribner suffered minor feeding damages. B. erectus Hudson and B. biebersteinii Roemer & Schultes sustained moderate damage from feeding aphids, and 14 other species received high levels of damage. Field studies are needed to determine the relationships of native plant communities, cereal crops, and Russian wheat aphids. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1731 EP 1735 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200028 ER PT J AU ALLSOPP, PG LADD, TL KLEIN, MG AF ALLSOPP, PG LADD, TL KLEIN, MG TI SAMPLE SIZES AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF JAPANESE-BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) CAPTURED IN LURE TRAPS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POPILLIA-JAPONICA; SAMPLING; LURES ID EUGENOL + GERANIOL; JAPONILURE AB Sampling statistics were determined for Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, caught in traps baited with a 3:7:3 mixture of phenethyl propionate/eugenol/geraniol, or with (R,Z)-5-(1-decenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone (Japonilure), or with a combination of both lures. Iwao's patchiness regression and a quadratic model were inappropriate for modeling the mean-variance relationships. Taylor's power law was used to model these data, and relationships were developed for beetle numbers captured by traps baited with phenethyl propionate-eugenol-geraniol alone or in combination with Japonilure and for males and females captured by traps baited with Japonilure alone. Relationships to determine sample sizes for fixed levels of precision were also developed. The ln(X + 1) transformation did not standardize the mean-variance relationship for any data set, but the Healy & Taylor transformation was effective on all data sets. C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1801 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200036 ER PT J AU HENNESSEY, MK BARANOWSKI, RM SHARP, JL AF HENNESSEY, MK BARANOWSKI, RM SHARP, JL TI ABSENCE OF NATURAL INFESTATION OF CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) FROM COMMERCIAL FLORIDA TAHITI LIME FRUITS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; LIMES; QUARANTINE AB 'Tahiti' lime fruits (Citrus X 'Tahiti'), also known as 'Persian' lime, a reputed host of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were investigated for presence of natural infestations of the pest. The fruits were commercially grown and harvested for the fresh market in Dade and Collier counties, FL, within the year-round geographic breeding range of the pest. Samples were unwashed, unsorted, ungraded, random aggregates obtained from packinghouses and included damaged, deformed, and rotted fruits as well as sound yellow and green fruits. Samples were held over sand for at least 30 d to collect emergent larvae and pupae. Immediately after the holding period, fruits were cut open and the peel, albedo, and pulp were visually inspected for larvae and pupae. In total, 102,384 fruits (9.307 metric tons) from 184 different groves and 60 harvest dates during the period from May 1990 to May 1991 were examined. No Caribbean fruit flies were detected, providing evidence that 'Tahiti' limes do not contain natural infestation levels of this pest that pose a high risk of its spread. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1843 EP 1845 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200043 ER EF