FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU BACON, LD WITTER, RL AF BACON, LD WITTER, RL TI INFLUENCE OF B-HAPLOTYPE ON THE RELATIVE EFFICACY OF MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES OF DIFFERENT SEROTYPES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; CHICKEN LINES; VIRUS; PROTECTION; SPECIFICITY; VACCINATION; RESISTANCE; COMPLEX; TRIALS AB To determine if B-haplotype differentially influences vaccinal immunity to very virulent Marek's disease (MD) virus challenge, chickens of five 15.B-congenic lines were vaccinated with vaccines representing serotypes 1, 2, and 3. B-haplotype differentially influenced vaccinal immunity to very virulent MD virus challenge using vaccines of all three serotypes, and different MD vaccines were optimal for some B-haplotypes. Regarding specific haplotypes, the 15.B-congenic chickens with B2 and B-13 developed less protection against MD than chickens with B-15 following vaccination with all three serotypes of MD vaccine, whereas the chickens with B-5 and B21 developed variable protection with different MD vaccines. Thus, for induction of maximum MD resistance, it may be necessary to select a vaccine appropriate for the predominant B-haplotypes of the chicken flock. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.2307/1591457 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400010 PM 8383961 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH PHILLIPS, TD AF HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH PHILLIPS, TD TI EFFICACY OF ZEOLITIC ORE COMPOUNDS ON THE TOXICITY OF AFLATOXIN TO GROWING BROILER-CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; DIMINUTION; TOXICOSIS; DIETS; SWINE; RATS AB Commercially available zeolitic ore compounds, when incorporated into the diets at 0.5%, were evaluated for their ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 3.5 mg aflatoxin/kg feed on growing broiler chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age. In a series of four experiments, the compounds used included the following: mordenite (particle size of -20 mesh; Zeomite(R)); clinoptilolite (particle size of -20 mesh; Zeobrite(R)); SC Zeolite(R) (particle size of -20 mesh); and clinoptilolite (particle size of -35 mesh; Clino 1) or clinoptilolite (particle sizes of -20 plus +35 mesh; Clino 2). Results demonstrated that 0.5% Zeobrite, Clino 1, or Clino 2 added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets did not significantly (P < 0.05) diminish the toxicity of high concentrations of aflatoxin to growing broiler chicks. Zeomite mordenite ore reduced the toxicity of aflatoxin to growing chicks by 41%, as indicated by weight gains, liver weight, and serum biochemical measurements, which compares favorably with its in vitro binding capacity to aflatoxin. SC Zeolite reduced weight-gain toxicity of aflatoxin by approximately 29%. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.2307/1591459 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400012 PM 8383962 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MC SEFERIAN, PG AUGUSTINE, PC DANFORTH, HD AF JENKINS, MC SEFERIAN, PG AUGUSTINE, PC DANFORTH, HD TI PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AGAINST COCCIDIOSIS ELICITED BY RADIATION-ATTENUATED EIMERIA-MAXIMA SPOROZOITES THAT ARE INCAPABLE OF ASEXUAL DEVELOPMENT SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACERVULINA; OOCYSTS; TENELLA; INVASION; CHICKENS AB Eimeria maxima oocysts were exposed to various doses of gamma radiation that did not affect sporozoite invasion of intestinal epithelium but did prevent subsequent merogonic development therein. Although merogony and oocyst formation were inhibited, parasites exposed to 12 kRad radiation induced a level of immunity against E- maxima challenge equivalent to that induced by non-irradiated oocysts. Chickens immunized per os with 20 kRad-treated E. maxima oocysts were not protected against coccidial challenge. Immunization of chickens with a single low dose (five oocysts) of non-irradiated (0 kRad) or irradiated (12 kRad) E. maxima was effective in preventing weight depression after coccidial challenge. Immunofluorescence staining of intestinal tissue from chickens infected with irradiated (12 or 20 kRad) or non-irradiated (0 kRad) E maxima oocysts with developmental stage-specific monoclonal antibodies showed that sporozoite invasion was similar in all groups. However, merogonic development was not observed at any time postinfection in chickens infected with irradiated oocysts, unlike the case with chickens infected with non-irradiated parasites. These results suggest that sporozoite infected host cells are capable of eliciting complete protection against E. maxima challenge. RP JENKINS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.2307/1591460 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400013 PM 8452512 ER PT J AU EBEL, ED MASON, J THOMAS, LA FERRIS, KE BECKMAN, MG CUMMINS, DR SCROEDERTUCKER, L SUTHERLIN, WD GLASSHOFF, RL SMITHHISLER, NM AF EBEL, ED MASON, J THOMAS, LA FERRIS, KE BECKMAN, MG CUMMINS, DR SCROEDERTUCKER, L SUTHERLIN, WD GLASSHOFF, RL SMITHHISLER, NM TI OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN UNPASTEURIZED LIQUID EGG IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In order to gain a greater understanding of the occurrence and distribution of Salmonella enteritidis in the United States, a survey of unpasteurized liquid egg (collected at 20 egg-breaking plants across the United States) was conducted over a 52-week period. Weekly liquid egg samples were submitted for Salmonella culturing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. Group D-positive salmonellae were serotyped and phage-typed. On a regional basis, the Northern Region of the United States had the highest S. enteritidis recovery, with 20% of the samples submitted from plants in that region culture-positive for this serotype. Salmonella enteritidis positives from the Southeast, Central, and Western regions were 10%, 15%, and 6% of the samples submitted, respectively. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,AGR MKT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP EBEL, ED (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SALMONELLA TASK FORCE,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.2307/1591466 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400019 PM 8452489 ER PT J AU TELLEZ, GI JAEGER, L DEAN, CE CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR WILLIAMS, JD HARGIS, BM AF TELLEZ, GI JAEGER, L DEAN, CE CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR WILLIAMS, JD HARGIS, BM TI EFFECT OF PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF DIETARY CAPSAICIN ON SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION IN LEGHORN CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE; SUBSTANCE-P; LYMPHOCYTES; STIMULATION; NOCICEPTION; BINDING; BIRDS AB The effect of 14 or 19 days of dietary capsaicin (18 ppm) on Salmonella enteritidis infection and histological, morphometric, and pH changes of the ceca was investigated. At day 13 or day 18, chicks were challenged with 10(8) colony-forming units of S. enteritidis. Chicks were killed and cultured 24 hours later. The total number of S. enteritidis-organ-culture-positive chicks was significantly lower among chicks fed capsaicin for either 14 or 19 days than among controls (P < 0.05). Subjective histological examination revealed a mild to moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells and heterophils in lamina propria of ceca, as well as epithelial cell proliferation in chicks following either 14 or 19 days of capsaicin administration. Using morphometric analysis, the mean lamina propria thickness and mean epithelial cell thickness in chickens fed capsaicin for 14 or 19 days were significantly greater than in controls (P < 0.65). Capsaicin significantly decreased luminal pH in both trials (P < 0.05). These data indicate that the observed capsaicin-induced resistance to S. enteritidis organ invasion is associated with measurable pH and morphological changes of the cecal mucosa. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP TELLEZ, GI (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL & POULTRY SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.2307/1591467 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400020 PM 8452490 ER PT J AU JENSEN, AE ANDERSEN, AA TAPPE, JP THOEN, CO AF JENSEN, AE ANDERSEN, AA TAPPE, JP THOEN, CO TI IMMUNOBLOTS OF OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS OF CHLAMYDIAE WITH SERA FROM TURKEYS EXPERIMENTALLY EXPOSED TO AVIAN AND MAMMALIAN CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TRACHOMATIS; PNEUMONIAE; CELLS AB Outer-membrane protein (OMP)-enriched preparations from avian (turkey/TT3 and parrot/VS1) and mammalian (sheep abortion/B577) strains of Chlamydia psittaci were compared by immunoblotting using sera from turkeys exposed to these strains. Turkeys inoculated with avian chlamydiae became infected and developed strong serological responses, but turkeys inoculated with B577 failed to develop detectable serological responses. Sera from turkeys exposed to either of the two avian strains could be differentiated on the basis of immunoreaction patterns with OMPs of homologous and heterologous strains. Fewer bands and often weaker reactions were detected using sera from TT3 and VS1-inoculated birds with the heterologous avian strain. Sera from turkeys inoculated with either avian strain reacted with the 97,400-molecular-weight (MW) protein. The sera reacted with the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) of the homologous strains but not consistently with the MOMP of the heterologous strain. Results suggest that the 97,400-MW protein is highly immunogenic for turkeys and antigenically more complex than the MOMP. C1 PAL PATH INC,DALLAS,TX 75235. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP JENSEN, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.2307/1591470 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400023 PM 8452492 ER PT J AU ZIPRIN, RL CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF ZIPRIN, RL CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI CONTROL OF ESTABLISHED SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM INTESTINAL COLONIZATION WITH INVIVO-PASSAGED ANAEROBES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIETARY LACTOSE; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; MICROFLORA; PREVENTION; CULTURES; INFANTIS; IMPACT AB Broiler chickens were inoculated orally with 10(6) Salmonella typhimurium on the day of hatch. Twenty-four to 72 hr after challenge, the chicks were inoculated orally with cecal microflora that had been repeatedly passed through lactose-fed broiler chicks. In vivo passage proved to be a convenient and practical method for preserving protective anaerobic flora. These organisms effectively reduced S. typhimurium concentrations in the cecal contents by 4-5 orders of magnitude, even when given 24 to 72 hr after Salmonella challenge inoculation. RP ZIPRIN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.2307/1591472 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400025 PM 8452494 ER PT J AU BEARD, CW VILLEGAS, P GLISSON, JR AF BEARD, CW VILLEGAS, P GLISSON, JR TI COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF THE B-1 AND VG GA VACCINE STRAINS AGAINST VELOGENIC VISCEROTROPIC NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS IN CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note AB Groups of eight 1-day-old white rock chickens were vaccinated with either B-1 or VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by eyedrop instillation. Some of the chickens were vaccinated a second time at 17 days of age. Eight groups of chickens vaccinated either once or twice were challenged with the California 1083 strain of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV) at 30 days of age by either intramuscular injection or eyedrop instillation. One group of unvaccinated control chickens was challenged by eyedrop instillation. All eight unvaccinated controls, two of the 16 B-1 vaccinates, and none of the 16 VG/GA vaccinates died following challenge. There were no obvious differences in pre-challenge serum antibody levels among the vaccinates. only the twice-vaccinated chickens that were challenged by eyedrop and the unchallenged vaccinates failed to show a marked rise in serum antibody titers. The VG/GA strain of NDV provided protection against the mortality associated with VVNDV challenge similar to that provided by the B-1 strain within the conditions of this experiment. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT AVIAN MED,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP BEARD, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.2307/1591478 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400031 PM 8452500 ER PT J AU PANIGRAHY, B SENNE, DA PEARSON, JE MIXSON, MA CASSIDY, DR AF PANIGRAHY, B SENNE, DA PEARSON, JE MIXSON, MA CASSIDY, DR TI OCCURRENCE OF VELOGENIC VISCEROTROPIC NEWCASTLE-DISEASE IN PET AND EXOTIC BIRDS IN 1991 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 1991, velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) was diagnosed in domestic psittacine birds in six states: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Texas, California, and Nevada. In the first four states, the disease assumed outbreak proportions. The affected psittacine birds-yellow-headed Amazon parrots (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix), yellow-naped Amazon parrots (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata), cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), and conures (unknown species) exhibited respiratory and/or central nervous system signs. The velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV) was isolated from cloacal and tracheal swabs and various tissues, such as the lung, trachea, distal intestine, and spleen. The origin of the birds could not be established. The disease in the six states was promptly controlled, with no evidence that domestic poultry had been exposed. Also, VVNDV was isolated from quarantined birds intended for importation into the United States. Included were 53 moustached parakeets (Psittacula alexandri fasciata), a mynah (Gracula religiosa), a drongo (Dicrurus sp.), and three partridges (family Phasianidae). Groups of birds that yielded VVNDV were denied entry into the United States. Birds that are illegally imported and therefore not tested for the presence of foreign animal pathogens are a potential source of VVNDV and a threat to domestic poultry and caged birds. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,EMERGENCY PROGRAMS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP PANIGRAHY, B (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SCI LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 5 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.2307/1591484 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400037 PM 8452504 ER PT S AU LILLEHOJ, HS ISOBE, T WEINSTOCK, D AF LILLEHOJ, HS ISOBE, T WEINSTOCK, D BE Coudert, F TI TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND CROSS-SPECIES REACTIVITY OF NEW MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES DETECTING CHICKEN T-LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES SO AVIAN IMMUNOLOGY IN PROGRESS SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Avian Immunology in Progress CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 1993 CL TOURS, FRANCE SP INRA, CONSEIL REG CTR, SONSEIL GEN INDRE & LOIRE, CONSEIL GEN LANDES, MUNICIPALITE TOURS RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0490-3 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1993 VL 62 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Immunology; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Immunology; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BB43V UT WOS:A1993BB43V00005 ER PT S AU LILLEHOJ, HS AF LILLEHOJ, HS BE Coudert, F TI AVIAN INTERLEUKIN-2 AND INTERFERON SO AVIAN IMMUNOLOGY IN PROGRESS SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Avian Immunology in Progress CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 1993 CL TOURS, FRANCE SP INRA, CONSEIL REG CTR, SONSEIL GEN INDRE & LOIRE, CONSEIL GEN LANDES, MUNICIPALITE TOURS RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0490-3 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1993 VL 62 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Immunology; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Immunology; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BB43V UT WOS:A1993BB43V00015 ER PT S AU LILLEHOJ, HS KASPERS, B AF LILLEHOJ, HS KASPERS, B BE Coudert, F TI BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF AVIAN GAMMA-INTERFERON AND INTERLEUKIN-2 SO AVIAN IMMUNOLOGY IN PROGRESS SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Avian Immunology in Progress CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 1993 CL TOURS, FRANCE SP INRA, CONSEIL REG CTR, SONSEIL GEN INDRE & LOIRE, CONSEIL GEN LANDES, MUNICIPALITE TOURS RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0490-3 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1993 VL 62 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Immunology; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Immunology; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BB43V UT WOS:A1993BB43V00019 ER PT S AU LILLEHOJ, HS NICHOLS, M AF LILLEHOJ, HS NICHOLS, M BE Coudert, F TI CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE ON HOST IMMUNITY TO E-ACERVULINA INFECTION IN 2 GENETICALLY DISPARATE INBRED LINES OF CHICKENS SO AVIAN IMMUNOLOGY IN PROGRESS SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Avian Immunology in Progress CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 1993 CL TOURS, FRANCE SP INRA, CONSEIL REG CTR, SONSEIL GEN INDRE & LOIRE, CONSEIL GEN LANDES, MUNICIPALITE TOURS RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0490-3 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1993 VL 62 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Immunology; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Immunology; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BB43V UT WOS:A1993BB43V00037 ER PT J AU LILLEHOJ, HS TROUT, JM AF LILLEHOJ, HS TROUT, JM TI COCCIDIA - A REVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES ON IMMUNITY AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EIMERIA-TENELLA SPOROZOITES; LEGHORN LINES RESISTANT; ACUTE CECAL COCCIDIOSIS; CELLULAR ANTIGEN GENES; CULTURED-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ACERVULINA SPOROZOITES; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXTRAINTESTINAL STAGES AB The genus Eimeria contains a number of obligate intracellular protozoan parasites with a complicated life-cycle involving both asexual and sexual stages of development. Coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria infecting primarily the intestine of the susceptible host, thereby seriously impairing the growth and feed utilization of poultry and other livestock. The desire to develop a vaccine against Eimeria has promoted active research to elucidate the mechanisms of protective immunity and identification of candidate vaccine antigens. Protozoa are unique in their modes of transmission and nature of disease manifestations, the significance of which should be considered in the development of a control strategy. An intricate and complex interplay of different cell populations and cytokines is involved not only in the pathogenesis of coccidiosis, but also in the development of protective immunity. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the events leading to protection following Eimeria infection will be crucial for the development of an effective vaccine. RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 137 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 31 DI 10.1080/03079459308418897 PG 29 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KV306 UT WOS:A1993KV30600001 PM 18670994 ER PT J AU ALY, MM SMITH, EJ FADLY, AM AF ALY, MM SMITH, EJ FADLY, AM TI DETECTION OF RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS-INFECTION USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA; PROVIRUS AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was shown to be a sensitive and useful method for detection of infection by members of the group of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). Genomic DNA extracted from chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), blood and tumours of chickens experimentally infected with the spleen necrosis virus (SNV) strain of REV was used as the target for chain elongation. Deoxyoligonucleotide primers that encompass a portion of the unique 3', repeat and unique 5' region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) served to prime chain elongation. Products characteristic of the SNV LTR were also produced from DNA extracted from CEF infected with other strains of REV, namely chick syncytial virus, duck infectious anaemia virus, and the T-strain of REV. SNV-LTR sequences were amplified from DNA of SNV-experimentally infected chicks between 5 days and 19 weeks after infection. SNV-LTR sequences were also amplified from DNA from tumours and brains of SNV infected chickens, but not from DNA from avian leukosis virus- or Marek's disease virus-induced tumours. Results indicate that PCR is a sensitive and specific method for detection of REV infection and tumours. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 25 TC 63 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 543 EP 554 DI 10.1080/03079459308418942 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MA806 UT WOS:A1993MA80600009 PM 18671039 ER PT J AU FADLY, AM WITTER, RL AF FADLY, AM WITTER, RL TI EFFECTS OF AGE AT INFECTION WITH SEROTYPE-2 MAREK DISEASE VIRUS ON ENHANCEMENT OF AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS-INDUCED LYMPHOMAS SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGHORN CHICKENS; HERPESVIRUS AB Inoculation of susceptible, 15I5 x 7(1) chickens with serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV) at various ages had no influence on the development of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced viraemia or antibody in chickens infected with ALV and turkey herpesvirus (HVT) at hatch. However, the incidence of ALV-induced lymphoma (LL) was significantly higher in chickens infected with ALV and HVT at hatch and inoculated with serotype 2 MDV up to 6 weeks of age than in chickens receiving serotype 2 MDV at 8 to 10 weeks, uninoculated chickens, or chickens inoculated only with HVT. Metastatic LL in the viscera was more frequently observed in chickens inoculated with serotype 2 MDV at hatch and 2 weeks than in chickens inoculated at 6 weeks of age. In another experiment, chickens inoculated with serotype 2 MDV and HVT at hatch and infected with ALV at 2 or 4 weeks of age developed significantly higher incidence of LL than in uninoculated chickens or chickens inoculated only with HVT. The data suggest that enhancement of LL can occur in chickens infected with serotype 2 MDV within 6 weeks after infection with ALV at hatch. The data also suggest that infection of chickens with serotype 2 MDV at hatch may increase the rate of metastasis of LL and may interfere with age resistance to development of LL. RP FADLY, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1080/03079459308418944 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MA806 UT WOS:A1993MA80600011 PM 18671041 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE SHIMANUKI, H AF RINDERER, TE SHIMANUKI, H TI AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEES IN THE USA - WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES CROPS; POLLINATORS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1993 VL 74 IS 4 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MM807 UT WOS:A1993MM80700001 ER PT S AU TERANISHI, R KINT, S AF TERANISHI, R KINT, S BE Teranishi, R Buttery, RG Sugisawa, H TI BIOACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS - AN OVERVIEW SO BIOACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material CT SYMP ON BIOACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP TERANISHI, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2639-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 525 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY65E UT WOS:A1993BY65E00001 ER PT S AU BUTTERY, RG LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG LING, LC BE Teranishi, R Buttery, RG Sugisawa, H TI VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF TOMATO FRUIT AND PLANT-PARTS - RELATIONSHIP AND BIOGENESIS SO BIOACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON BIOACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2639-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 525 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY65E UT WOS:A1993BY65E00003 ER PT J AU DIENER, TO HAMMOND, RW BLACK, T KATZE, MG AF DIENER, TO HAMMOND, RW BLACK, T KATZE, MG TI MECHANISM OF VIROID PATHOGENESIS - DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVATION OF THE INTERFERON-INDUCED, DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA-ACTIVATED, M(R)68 000 PROTEIN-KINASE BY VIROID STRAINS OF VARYING PATHOGENICITY SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHORYLATION; PLANT DISEASE; RNA; ANTIBODIES; RNA BINDING ID FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; VIRUS; BINDING; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION; REPLICATION; INFECTIVITY; INITIATION; MESSENGER AB Purified potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was added to an in vitro assay system containing purified interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase (P68). Viroid RNA activated (phosphorylated) the enzyme, although with less efficiency than did the synthetic, perfectly matched poly I-poly C. In binding experiments, RNA transcripts of the intermediate strain of PSTVd were shown to specifically bind to a P68-antibody complex. Activation of the enzyme by a strain of PSTVd that results in severe symptoms in infected tomato plants was at least ten-fold that by the mild strain. Activation by a strain that results in intermediate symptoms was quantitatively similar to activation by the severe strain. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a differential effect of viroid strains inducing different levels of pathology on any biochemical or metabolic system investigated. This differential effect suggests that activation of a plant enzyme homologous to mammalian P68 protein kinase may represent the triggering event in viroid pathogenesis. Differential activation of P68 is surprising, because the primary structures of the mild and severe PSTVd strains analyzed differ by only a two-nucleotide inversion (UUC --> CUU) in the lower portion of the 'pathogenicity' region of the molecules. This change, according to thermodynamic calculations, should have only a minor effect on the secondary structure of the viroid molecule. Binding assays indicated that PSTVd specifically binds to P68. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP DIENER, TO (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00166]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22646] NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PY 1993 VL 75 IS 7 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1016/0300-9084(93)90058-Z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LZ378 UT WOS:A1993LZ37800005 PM 7505621 ER PT J AU WU, G KAPER, JM KUNG, SD AF WU, G KAPER, JM KUNG, SD TI REPLICATION OF SATELLITE RNA IN-VITRO BY HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS CUCUMOVIRAL RNA-DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASES SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE; REPLICATION; SATELLITE RNA; CUCUMOVIRUSES ID CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; TOMATO ASPERMY VIRUS; PEANUT STUNT CUCUMOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT-VIRUSES; VIRAL SATELLITES; PROTOPLASTS; TRIPARTITE; TOBACCO; COMPLEMENTARY AB The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and peanut stunt virus (PSV), members of the cucumovirus group, have been purified from virus infected plants and were used to study RNA synthesis in vitro using different viral RNAs, two cucumoviral satellites, and chimeric satellite cDNA clone transcripts as templates. The results show that solubilized RdRp preparations of CMV and PSV have a high degree of template dependency and catalyze (-) strand synthesis of the homologous cucumoviral RNAs with greater efficiency than the RNAs of heterologous cucumoviruses, although the PSV RdRp exhibits a lesser specificity than the CMV RdRp. On the other hand, both (-) and (+) strands of the satellite RNAs of CMV and PSV are synthesized by their homologous but not by the heterologous viral RdRps, indicating that recognition of satellites by the viral RdRp determines their replicative dependence upon specific helper viruses. Cucumoviral RdRp reactions using chimeric satellite transcripts suggest that the promoter structure for the satellite (-) strand synthesis resides in regions harboring the 3' termini of the two satellites. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PY 1993 VL 75 IS 8 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1016/0300-9084(93)90106-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MB097 UT WOS:A1993MB09700015 PM 7506938 ER PT J AU MUELLER, DD MORGAN, TD WASSENBERG, JD HOPKINS, TL KRAMER, KJ AF MUELLER, DD MORGAN, TD WASSENBERG, JD HOPKINS, TL KRAMER, KJ TI H-1 AND C-13 NMR OF 3-O AND 4-O CONJUGATES OF DOPAMINE AND OTHER CATECHOLAMINES SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-BETA-ALANYLDOPAMINE; MANDUCA-SEXTA L; INSECT CUTICLE; CROSS-LINKS; LARVAL; PUPAL AB Dopamine and its conjugates are widely distributed among biological species and are utilized for a variety of functions. Insects metabolize dopamine for cuticle melanization and sclerotization. Among the most abundant dopamines found in the larval and pupal development stages of Manduca sexta, the tobacco hornworm, are N-acetyldopamine and N-beta-alanyldopamine. In addition, glycosylated derivatives of these dopamines are found mainly in the hemolymph just prior to cuticulogenesis. The H-1 and C-13 NMR resonances of dopamine, its 3-O-methyl, 4-O-methyl, N-acetyl, and N-beta-alanyl derivatives, norepinephrine, 4-O-(beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)dopamine, and the glycosylated products of N-beta-alanyldopamine and dopamine have largely been assigned. Assignments were based on one- and two-dimensional NMR analyses of the above compounds combined with that of specifically enriched [C7-C-13]dopamine. H-1 NMR showed that the major glycosylated natural product isolated from M. sexta pupal hemolymph was a 3-O-glycosyl derivative of N-beta-alanyldopamine. C-13 NMR confirmed that the carbohydrate was D-glucose probably in a beta-linkage. H-1 NMR of the aromatic ring protons provided the most definitive method to distinguish 3-O-from 4-O-derivatives of dopamine. In addition, the 3-O-glucosyl conjugate of N-beta-alanyldopamine had unique chemical shifts and coupling patterns compared to those of 4-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)- and 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)dopamine. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP MUELLER, DD (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1021/bc00019a007 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KK599 UT WOS:A1993KK59900007 PM 8431512 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC AF LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC TI STILBELLA-ACICULOSA - A POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL FUNGUS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; COTTON; CYTOPLASMIC LEAKAGE; DAMPING-OFF; RADISH; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; STILBELLA-ACICULOSA; SUGAR BEET ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DAMPING-OFF; TRICHODERMA; GLIOCLADIUM; FIELD AB A semi-solid fermentation product of the potential biocontrol fungus Stilbella aciculosa was formulated on wheat bran : water (1 : 1, w/w) and incubated 5, 10 and 15 days before addition to soil infested with the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Generally, preparations did not reduce survival of the pathogen in infested beet seed but they did prevent saprophytic growth of the pathogen from beet seed into soil The magnitude of reduction by the 15-day-old inoculum was greater than that by the 5-day-old inoculum. Ten-day-old bran preparations of S. aciculosa at rates of 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) in soil prevented post-emergence damping-off of cotton, radish and sugar beet in the glasshouse and a rate of 1.0% gave stands similar to those in the non-infested control soil. The antagonist, grown on perlite formulated with molasses, cornmeal, alfalfa tissue or corn stover, prevented damping-off of cotton in a naturally infested soil. However, the stands were not as great as that in soil planted with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)-treated seed. Toxic metabolites, produced by S. aciculosa developing on various substrates, slightly inhibited the growth of R. solani in culture and induced cytoplasmic leakage of the pathogen mycelium. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1080/09583159309355253 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA LN257 UT WOS:A1993LN25700001 ER PT J AU MAJCHROWICZ, I POPRAWSKI, TJ AF MAJCHROWICZ, I POPRAWSKI, TJ TI EFFECTS IN-VITRO OF 9 FUNGICIDES ON GROWTH OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUNGICIDES; DITHIOCARBAMATES; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; CONIDIOBOLUS; BEAUVERIA; METARHIZIUM; PAECILOMYCES; VERTICILLIUM; SCOPULARIOPSIS; INHIBITION; STIMULATION ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PESTICIDES AB The effects of nine fungicides were evaluated in vitro on the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Conidiobolus coronatus, C. thromboides, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Verticillium lecanii. The susceptibility of the fungi to the fungicides varied The dithiocarbamate derivations zineb + copper oxychloride, and mancozeb completely inhibited germination of C. coronatus, C. thromboides, B. bassiana, P. farinosus, M. anisopliae and V. lecanii. The fungicides triadimefon, copper oxychloride, metalaxyl, sulfur, sulfur + nitrothal-isopropyl and hymexazol exhibited various effects on the fungi. Usually, fungistasis was more pronounced at 15-degrees-C than at 25-degrees-C and the inhibitory effects were in direct proportion to the dosage of active ingredient (recommended field rate, 10-fold higher and 10-fold lower). In a few combinations, fungi partially overcame or even recovered from the initial inhibition of growth which might have resulted from delayed germination. In other cases, inhibition of growth occurred only after a delay and its intensity increased with time. Stimulation of fungal growth when it occurred was rarely permanent. Generally, adverse effects were much greater against the entomophthoraleans C. coronatus and C. thromboides than against the Hyphomycetes. Extrapolation of the results to practice and to the field situation is difficult. Nevertheless, the data presented give an idea of possible side-effects in nature. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853. AKAD ROLNICZA,KATEDRA ENTOMOL,PL-71434 SZCZECIN,POLAND. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 321 EP 336 DI 10.1080/09583159309355287 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ME025 UT WOS:A1993ME02500010 ER PT J AU HOWELL, CR STIPANOVIC, RD LUMSDEN, RD AF HOWELL, CR STIPANOVIC, RD LUMSDEN, RD TI ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY STRAINS OF GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS AND ITS RELATION TO THE BIOCONTROL OF COTTON SEEDLING DISEASES SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI; PYTHIUM ULTIMUM; HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID; CHROMATOGRAPHY ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; VIRIDIOL; ROOT AB Strains of the fungal antagonist Gliocladium virens were separated into two distinct groups on the basis of secondary metabolite production in vitro. Strains of the 'P' group produced the antibiotics gliovirin and heptelidic acid but not the antibiotic gliotoxin and its companion, dimethylgliotoxin. Strains of the 'Q' group produced gliotoxin and dimethylgliotoxin but not gliovirin or heptelidic acid. Strains from both groups produced the antibiotic viridin and phyrotoxin viridiol. Gliovirin was very inhibitory to Pythium ultimum but had no activity against Rhizoctonia solani, and strains that produce it were more effective seed treatment biocontrol agents of disease incited by P. ultimum. Conversely, gliotoxin was more active against R. solani than against P. ultimum, and strains that produced it were more effective seed treatments for controlling disease incited by R. solani. These results indicate that the antibiotic profiles of strains should be considered when screening strains for biocontrol efficacy, and that it may be necessary to treat seeds with a combination of strains in order to broaden the disease control spectrum. C1 US ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOWELL, CR (reprint author), US ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 805,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 22 TC 70 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 11 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1080/09583159309355298 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MW633 UT WOS:A1993MW63300005 ER PT J AU KAYA, HK KLEIN, MG BURLANDO, TM AF KAYA, HK KLEIN, MG BURLANDO, TM TI IMPACT OF BACILLUS-POPILLIAE, RICKETTSIELLA POPILLIAE AND ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES ON A POPULATION OF THE SCARABAEID, CYCLOCEPHALA HIRTA SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROBIAL CONTROL; MILKY DISEASE; BLUE DISEASE; STEINERNEMA; HETERORHABDITIS ID JAPANESE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PERSISTENCE; LARVAE AB Larvae of the scarabaeid, Cyclocephala hirta, are major pests of turfgrass in California, A field test was conducted against third instars that included the following treatments. untreated control; chemical insecticide (bendiocarb); milky disease bacterium (Bacillus popilliae); and entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). There were no significant differences in population reduction among the treatments, but the larval population in all plots showed a dramatic decline. The C. hirta population had a natural occurrence of milky disease and blue disease caused by Rickettsiella popilliae. The prevalence of blue disease during the course of the study averaged < 10% but that of milky disease averaged about 20%. More significantly the soil fi om all treatment plots when bioassayed for B. popilliae showed that 67-90% of the larvae became infected with this bacterium. None of the larvae became infected with the blue disease organism. We conclude that B. popilliae was occurring in epizootic proportions in our field tests and was a significant mortality factor in causing the decline of the C. hirta population. C1 OARDC,USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP KAYA, HK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NEMATOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1080/09583159309355299 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MW633 UT WOS:A1993MW63300006 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DW SWANK, WT VOSE, JM AF JOHNSON, DW SWANK, WT VOSE, JM TI SIMULATED EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR DEPOSITION ON NUTRIENT CYCLING IN A MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; LEACHING; MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; SOIL; SULFUR ID STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; SOILS; MODEL; TRANSFORMATION; NITROGEN; SULFATE; CYCLES; PINE AB The effects of three S deposition scenarios - 50% reduction, no change, and 100% increase - on the cycles of N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg in a mixed deciduous forest at Coweeta, North Carolina, were simulated using the Nutrient Cycling model (NuCM). The purpose of this exercise was to compare NuCM's output to observed soil and streamwater chemical changes and to explore NuCM's response to varying S deposition scenarios. Ecosystem S content and SO42- leaching were controlled almost entirely by soil SO42- adsorption in the simulations, which was in turn governed by the nature of the Langmuir isotherm set in the model. Both the simulations and the 20-year trends in streamwater SO42- concentration suggest that the ecosystem is slowly becoming S saturated. The streamwater data suggest S saturation is occurring at a slower rate than indicated by the simulations, perhaps because of underestimation of organic S retention in the model. Both the simulations and geld data indicated substantial declines in exchangeable bases in A and BA soil horizons, primarily due to vegetation uptake. The correspondence of model output with field data in this case was a result of after-the-fact calibration (i.e. setting weathering rates to very low values) rather than prediction, however. Model output suggests that soil exchangeable cation pools change rapidly, undergoing annual cycles and multi-decade fluctuations. Varying S deposition had very little effect upon simulated vegetation growth, nutrient uptake, or N cycling. Varying S deposition strongly affected simulated Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and P leaching but caused little change in soil exchangeable pools of Ca2+ K+, or P because soil exchangeable pools were large relative to fluxes. Soil exchangeable Mg2+ pools were reduced by high rates of S deposition but remained well above levels sufficient for tree growth. Although the total soil pools of exchangeable Ca2+ and K+ were only slightly affected by S deposition, there was a redistribution of Ca2+ and K+ from upper to lower horizons with increasing S deposition, causing increased base saturation in the deepest (BC) horizon. The 100% increased S deposition scenario caused increasing peaks in simulated Al3+ concentrations in A horizons after 25 years as a result of large seasonal pulses of SO42- and lowered base saturation. Simulated soil solution Al3+ concentrations remained well below toxicity thresholds for selected tree species at the site. C1 UNIV NEVADA,COLL AGR,RENO,NV 89512. US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. RP JOHNSON, DW (reprint author), DESERT RES INST,POB 60220,RENO,NV, USA. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 169 EP 196 DI 10.1007/BF00023751 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA MV603 UT WOS:A1993MV60300002 ER PT J AU PARSONS, WFJ MITRE, ME KELLER, M REINERS, WA AF PARSONS, WFJ MITRE, ME KELLER, M REINERS, WA TI NITRATE LIMITATION OF N2O PRODUCTION AND DENITRIFICATION FROM TROPICAL PASTURE AND RAIN-FOREST SOILS SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COSTA RICA; DEFORESTATION; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; NITROUS OXIDE; SOLUBLE CARBON ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; DRY SOIL; DEFORESTATION; EMISSIONS; ECOSYSTEM; GLUCOSE; TRENDS AB Nitrous oxide production was measured in intact cores taken from active pasture and old-growth forest Inceptisols in the Atlantic Lowlands of Costa Rica. Following additions of aqueous KNO3 or glucose, or the two combined amendments, the cores were incubated in the laboratory to determine if N2O production rates were either N-limited or C-limited in the two land use types. Differences in rates of denitrification (N2O + N-2 production) among amended forest and pasture soils were determined by addition of 10% C2H2. The forest soils were relatively insensitive to all amendment additions, including the acetylene block. Forest N2O production rates among the treatments did not differ from the controls, and were consistently lower than those of the pasture soils. With the addition of glucose plus nitrate to the forest soils, production of N2O was three times greater than the controls, although this increase was not statistically significant. On the other hand, the pasture soils were definitely nitrogen-limited since N2O production rates were increased substantially beyond controls by all the amendments which contained nitrate, despite the very low N level (5 mg N kg(-1) soil) relative to typical fertilizer applications. With respect to the nitrate plus glucose plus acetylene treatment, denitrification was high in the pasture soils; N2O production in the presence of C2H2 was 150% of the rate of N2O production measured in the absence of the acetylene block. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of agricultural land use practices and subsequent impacts of disturbance on N2O release. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT BOT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. ESTAC BIOL LA SELVA,ORG ESTUDIOS TROP,SAN PEDRO MONTES OCA 2050,COSTA RICA. US FOREST SERV,INST INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 179 EP 193 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA MM809 UT WOS:A1993MM80900002 ER PT J AU HONEYCUTT, CW POTARO, LJ AVILA, KL HALTEMAN, WA AF HONEYCUTT, CW POTARO, LJ AVILA, KL HALTEMAN, WA TI RESIDUE QUALITY, LOADING RATE AND SOIL-TEMPERATURE RELATIONS WITH HAIRY VETCH (VICIA-VILLOSA ROTH) RESIDUE CARBON, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Studies were conducted 1) to determine the effects of crop residue quality, loading rate and their interaction on residue decomposition; and 2) to assess these same effects on predicting residue N and P turnover with thermal units. Two residue qualities were obtained by harvesting field grown hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) in the fall and spring. Loading rates equivalent to 0, 2150, 4300, and 6450 kg ha-1 (dry weight basis) of each of the two residue qualities were added to a soil. Residue loading rate did not affect residue C or N mineralization when expressed as a percentage of added C or N mineralized, respectively. Therefore predicting residue N mineralization with thermal units does not appear limited by differential residue loading rates. Residue quality exhibited a dramatic effect on vetch C mineralization, with approximately 35% of the added C mineralized 30 days after application of the fall vetch and about 17% of added C mineralized 30 days after application of spring vetch. Consideration of residue quality must also be given when determining N mineralization x thermal unit relationships. The effect of residue quality on C and N mineralization did not appear related to residue N content or C/N ratio but rather to lignin and/or hemicellulose contents. Either vetch P mineralization did not occur to a measurable extent in this study or the H2O soluble fraction was not a useful indicator of this process. RP HONEYCUTT, CW (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,USDA ARS,NEW ENGLAND PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU A B ACADEMIC PUBL PI OXFORD PA PO BOX 42 BICESTER, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX6 7NW SN 0144-8765 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 BP 181 EP 199 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KZ934 UT WOS:A1993KZ93400001 ER PT J AU HANLEY, TA AF HANLEY, TA TI BALANCING ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, AND HUMAN CULTURE - THE SITKA BLACK-TAILED DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS SITKENSIS AS AN ECOLOGICAL INDICATOR SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; FOREST MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPES; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PLANNING ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; WESTERN HEMLOCK; MULE DEER; FOREST; HABITAT; GROWTH; ELK AB Economic development, biological conservation, and human culture are interrelated and ultimately interdependent. Balancing them, however, is one of the most vexing problems in natural resource management. The problem can be simplified when an ecological indicator provides a meaningful integration of the biological response of the natural ecosystem to economic development. Sitka black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis are an important ecological indicator of resource management in the coastal, coniferous rain forests of southeastern Alaska, USA, because of four significant reasons: (1) their biology and ecology are well-known; (2) they have relatively large, seasonally migratory home ranges and so require management of landscapes rather than isolated patches of habitat; (3) their need for a productive and nutritious food supply year-around makes them largely dependent on old-growth forests and a variety of habitats, differing seasonally and in response to snow; and (4) they are an important game species in the subsistence economy of rural residents. Key ecological relations between deer and their food resources center on bioenergetics, digestible protein, and the role of forest overstory in the species composition, carbon/nutrient balance, and chemical composition of understory plants. Understanding these factors provides quantitative guidelines for timber management in an ecologically and culturally balanced framework. RP HANLEY, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 20909,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(93)90135-N PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT114 UT WOS:A1993LT11400008 ER PT J AU HAMEL, PB SMITH, WP WAHL, JW AF HAMEL, PB SMITH, WP WAHL, JW TI WINTERING BIRD POPULATIONS OF FRAGMENTED FOREST HABITAT IN THE CENTRAL BASIN, TENNESSEE SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE CENTRAL BASIN; TENNESSEE; BIRD POPULATIONS; FOREST HABITATS ID ISOLATED WOODLOTS; BREEDING BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; AREA AB To examine the influence of fragmentation in forested habitats on wintering bird populations, 32 oak Quercushickory Carya forest patches were sampled morning and afternoon from 15 December 1988 to 15 March 1989 within the Central Basin, Tennessee. A modified line-transect method was used to estimate species richness, individual species density, and total density within each patch; corresponding species diversity and evenness values were computed. Simple and stepwise.multiple regression of each community parameter against total area, core area, perimeter, edge, and two measures of regional forest context revealed no significant relationships. Species diversity, richness, and evenness were similar within forest tracts among three patch-size categories: 0-99 ha; 100-200 ha; and >200 ha. Analyses of species abundance against forest patch and landscape characteristics indicated that only four of 12 species recorded showed any significant relationship with measured habitat features. These data suggest that neither wintering bird density nor diversity within the Central Basin is area-dependent. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505. RP HAMEL, PB (reprint author), TENNESSEE DEPT ENVIRONM & CONSERVAT,DIV ECOL SERV,NASHVILLE,TN 37243, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(93)90141-M PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LV058 UT WOS:A1993LV05800003 ER PT J AU COLE, DN BAYFIELD, NG AF COLE, DN BAYFIELD, NG TI RECREATIONAL TRAMPLING OF VEGETATION - STANDARD EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; RECOVERY AB In order to promote an increased ability to compare results from different studies, a standard protocol for controlled trampling experiments is suggested The procedure will provide information on both damage to vegetation in response to short-duration trampling and subsequent recovery over a one-year period Changes in vegetation cover, vegetation height, bare ground cover, and the cover of individual species can be assessed It is designed to be efficient both in area and in time requirements. Each vegetation type to be examined will require a total area of about 30 m2; treatments and measurements will require about three to four person-days of time. The protocol was developed after extensive trials and discussion in the USA and UK. It can be applied in a wide variety of vegetation types. C1 INST TERR ECOL,BANCHORY AB3 4BY,KINCARDINE,SCOTLAND. RP COLE, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 12 TC 84 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1993 VL 63 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(93)90714-C PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KN954 UT WOS:A1993KN95400003 ER PT J AU HARRATA, AK DOMELSMITH, LN COLE, RB AF HARRATA, AK DOMELSMITH, LN COLE, RB TI ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPID-A FROM ENTEROBACTER-AGGLOMERANS SO BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LASER DESORPTION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; FATTY-ACIDS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; IONIZATION; COMPONENT; BACKBONE AB Negative ion and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry have been employed to characterize the lipid A mixture produced by hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacter agglomerans, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in field cotton Neutral monophosphoryl lipid A molecules form stable anions vis deprotonation, but adduct formation via cation attachment occurs in low yield. Dephosphorylated lipid A molecules, on the other hand, readily form adducts with Na+, whereas deprotonation occurs in low yield. The mass spectra of lipid A produced by E. agglomerans reveal the presence of lipid A ions which differ in the nature of attached fatty acid side chains. At least two heptaacyl forms of lipid A are present, one of which has a structure which appears to be the same as the structure of heptaacyl lipid A produced by Salmonella minnesota. The second structure differs only by the nature of the side chain at position 3' of the disaccharide backbone where a hydroxymyristoyloxymyristoyl group replaces the myristoyloxymyristoyl substituent. Collisionally activated dissociations prior to mass analysis enable the identification of fragment ions which can be distinguished from at least eight intact deprotonated molecules present in crude lipid A. C1 UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9306 J9 BIOL MASS SPECTROM JI Biol. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1002/bms.1200220108 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA KE826 UT WOS:A1993KE82600007 PM 8431503 ER PT B AU HIGHT, SD AF HIGHT, SD BE McKnight, BN TI CONTROL OF THE ORNAMENTAL PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE (LYTHRUM-SALICARIA) BY EXOTIC ORGANISMS SO BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION: THE CONTROL AND IMPACT OF INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Pollution: The Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species CY OCT 25-26, 1991 CL INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, UNIV PLACE CONF CTR, INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP INDIANA ACAD SCI HO INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, UNIV PLACE CONF CTR C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIANA ACAD SCIENCE PI INDIANAPOLIS PA 140 N SENATE AVE, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46204 BN 1-883362-00-8 PY 1993 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Zoology GA BZ93K UT WOS:A1993BZ93K00011 ER PT B AU DREA, JJ AF DREA, JJ BE McKnight, BN TI CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL - AN ENDANGERED DISCIPLINE SO BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION: THE CONTROL AND IMPACT OF INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Pollution: The Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species CY OCT 25-26, 1991 CL INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, UNIV PLACE CONF CTR, INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP INDIANA ACAD SCI HO INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, UNIV PLACE CONF CTR C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIANA ACAD SCIENCE PI INDIANAPOLIS PA 140 N SENATE AVE, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46204 BN 1-883362-00-8 PY 1993 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Zoology GA BZ93K UT WOS:A1993BZ93K00018 ER PT B AU WESTBROOKS, RG AF WESTBROOKS, RG BE McKnight, BN TI EXCLUSION AND ERADICATION OF FOREIGN WEEDS FROM THE UNITED-STATES BY USDA APHIS SO BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION: THE CONTROL AND IMPACT OF INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Pollution: The Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species CY OCT 25-26, 1991 CL INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, UNIV PLACE CONF CTR, INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP INDIANA ACAD SCI HO INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, UNIV PLACE CONF CTR C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WHITEVILLE PLANT METHODS CTR,WHITEVILLE NOXIOUS WEED STN,WHITEVILLE,NC 28472. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIANA ACAD SCIENCE PI INDIANAPOLIS PA 140 N SENATE AVE, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46204 BN 1-883362-00-8 PY 1993 BP 225 EP 241 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Zoology GA BZ93K UT WOS:A1993BZ93K00020 ER PT J AU BELL, IR MARTINO, GM MEREDITH, KE SCHWARTZ, GE SIANI, MM MORROW, FD AF BELL, IR MARTINO, GM MEREDITH, KE SCHWARTZ, GE SIANI, MM MORROW, FD TI VASCULAR-DISEASE RISK-FACTORS, URINARY FREE CORTISOL, AND HEALTH HISTORIES IN OLDER ADULTS - SHYNESS AND GENDER INTERACTIONS SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SHYNESS; CORTISOL; HYPERTENSION; CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; INSOMNIA; THYROID DISEASE; AGING ID BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; CHILDREN; PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY; DEPRESSION; POPULATION; ANTIBODIES; EXCRETION; HOSTILITY; SYMPTOMS; PARENTS AB We studied relationships between shyness and health during a health screening survey of older adults (ages 50-88) living in an active retirement community in the southwestern United States (n = 232). As in previous studies of infants, older individuals with hay fever, insomnia and constipation were more shy than those without these problems. Shy persons overall showed higher sitting systolic blood pressure and a larger fall in orthostatic systolic blood pressure on standing; shy men had a greater prevalence of hypertension histories than did low-shy men. Shy subjects of both sexes had lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglycerides than did low-shy subjects; shy women tended to have higher LDL cholesterol than did low-shy women. In contrast with findings of elevated salivary cortisol in extremely inhibited children of both sexes, only shy women had higher 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion than did low-shy women; men showed the opposite pattern, possibly related to suppression of aggression. Shy men also tended to report a higher prevalence of thyroid disease history than did low-shy men (20% versus 6%). Notably, autoimmune thyroiditis has previously been linked with panic and depression, disorders which in turn have been associated with shyness. Taken together with previous work in shy children and their families, the data raise the possibility of (a) increased risk for arteriosclerotic vascular disease; and (b) increased risk of adrenal- and/or thyroid-related diseases in certain shy older adults. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PSYCHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85724. ARIZONA CTR AGING,TUCSON,AZ. COMM GERONTOL,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85721. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BELL, IR (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,1501 N CAMPBELL AVE,TUCSON,AZ 85724, USA. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0511 J9 BIOL PSYCHOL JI Biol. Psychol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0301-0511(93)90090-U PG 13 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA KK979 UT WOS:A1993KK97900003 PM 8435451 ER PT J AU HANSEN, EA AF HANSEN, EA TI SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION BENEATH HYBRID POPLAR PLANTATIONS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; HYBRID POPLAR; BIOMASS; ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL CROPS; ENERGY PLANTATIONS; WOOD ENERGY AB Hybrid poplar plantations grown on tilled agricultural lands previously in prairie, sequester significant quantities of soil carbon. Comparisons are made between hybrid poplar plantations and adjacent row crops or mowed grass. Establishing and tending plantations often results in early soil carbon loss, but soil carbon is significantly related (positive) to tree age. Increasing tree age eventually results in a net addition of soil carbon from plantations older than about 6 to 12 years of age. Soil carbon loss under trees occurred most frequently from the surface 30 cm early in the plantation history-evidence that the loss was due to mineralization. Soil carbon gain was most significant in the 30 50 cm layer and was attributed to tree root growth. Soil carbon accretion rate beneath 12- to 18-year-old poplar plantations exceeded that of adjacent agricultural crops by 1.63 +/- 0.16 Mg ha-1 yr-1. There was a significant crop x soil depth interaction for bulk density with bulk density lower beneath trees in the 0 30 cm layer and higher in the 30-50 cm layer. There was little evidence of carbon trapping of wind-blown organic detritus by tree plantations in the prairie environment RP HANSEN, EA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1831 HWY 169 E,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1993 VL 5 IS 6 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(93)90038-6 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA NH266 UT WOS:A1993NH26600004 ER PT J AU TIARKS, AE AF TIARKS, AE TI BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDED BETWEEN ROWS OF PLANTED LOBLOLLY-PINE SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE ENERGY PLANTATIONS; BIOMASS; ENERGY CONTENT; MOISTURE CONTENT; ASH; PHOSPHORUS; PINUS-TAEDA L AB A dual-cropping concept was tested by growing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) for energy biomass in normally unused space between rows of a newly established pine plantation. Loblolly pine seeds were spot seeded in a 1.5 m wide swath between the planted rows of loblolly pine seedlings planted at 2 by 3 m spacing. At age 5 years, the direct-seeded trees from one of two seeded subplots of each plot were sampled for biomass and nutrient measurements. After subsampling, all of the direct-seeded material was removed from the subplot. On plots without direct-seeded trees, phosphorus fertilization increased height of the planted trees from 5.8 to 6.4 m and the dbh from 8.3 to 9.2 cm at age 5 years. The presence of the direct seeded trees reduced height 0.2 m and the dbh 0.6 cm. The average dry weight of the direct seeded material was 10.2 Mg ha-1. Phosphorus fertilization had no effect on the growth of the direct-seeded trees after the first year. Water content (wet weight basis) of the direct seeded material was 62% in the needles, 52% in the branches and 56% in the main stems, which reduced potential fuel efficiency. Total energy produced over the 5 year period was 130,800 MJ ha-1. RP TIARKS, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 5500,PINEVILLE,LA 71361, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(93)90027-2 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA KM116 UT WOS:A1993KM11600007 ER PT J AU STRONG, T HANSEN, E AF STRONG, T HANSEN, E TI HYBRID POPLAR SPACING PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONS IN SHORT-ROTATION INTENSIVE CULTURE PLANTATIONS SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; POPULUS; CLONE; IRRIGATION; DISEASE; YIELD AB It is often argued that in short rotation intensive culture plantations, biomass productivity increases with narrower tree spacings. Biomass productivity and tree spacing relations were studied for up to 16 years in northern Wisconsin hybrid poplar plantations. Maximum mean annual biomass increment was 12.8 Mg ha-1 yr-1 for Populus clone NE-41 planted at a 1 m2 spacing. Productivity differences related to spacing were found to be minor. Productivity was influenced mainly by clone, irrigation and disease. A hypothesis is proposed that time to canopy closure is linearly related to time to maximum mean annual biomass productivity. Wide spacing and wide-crown trees that permit wider tree spacing allow longer rotations, which can lower costs and increase flexibility in management. RP STRONG, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1993 VL 4 IS 4 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(93)90083-G PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA LK354 UT WOS:A1993LK35400004 ER PT J AU DEBELL, DS CLENDENEN, GW ZASADA, JC AF DEBELL, DS CLENDENEN, GW ZASADA, JC TI GROWING POPULUS BIOMASS - COMPARISON OF WOODGRASS VERSUS WIDER-SPACED SHORT-ROTATION SYSTEMS SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE POPLAR; COTTONWOOD; COPPICE; SPACING; STAND DENSITY; YIELDS; BIOENERGY; PLANTATIONS; INTENSIVE CULTURE AB Growth and yield of Populus were examined in a 5-year test of five spacing-harvest regimes in western Washington. Two hybrid clones (D-01 and H-11) were planted at two woodgrass spacings (0.18 and 0.3 m) and three wider spacings (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 m). All treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design; all plots were fertilized, irrigated, and weeded uniformly. Mean annual harvest yields in the woodgrass treatments did not differ significantly between the two clones (D-01 and H-11) or two spacings (0.18 and 0.3 m), averaging 6.4 to 7.0 Mg ha-1 (tonnes ha-1) over the 5-year period. The highest yield in woodgrass treatments was produced in the second year (first year of coppice), and it declined thereafter. Cumulative growth in the wider spacings was significantly greater than in the two woodgrass spacings. Per hectare yields of clone H-11 in the wider spacings at age 5 were two to three times greater than cumulative yields obtained with annually cut woodgrass, averaging 15.7 to 18.8 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Fifth-year increments in all wider spacings (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 m) of clone H-11 exceeded 30 Mg ha-1. Yields of clone D-01 in the wider spacings ranged from 8.1 to 10.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1, and thus were also substantially greater than cumulative yields of woodgrass. We conclude that annually harvested woodgrass shows little promise as a viable system for growing Populus for biomass. On the other hand, yields in the wider spacings with a longer harvest cycle were substantially higher than previously expected, especially for clone H-11. Thus, possibilities for application of the wide-spaced regimes and longer cutting cycles appear promising. RP DEBELL, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(93)90046-7 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA LX139 UT WOS:A1993LX13900001 ER PT J AU SMITH, GA BUXTON, DR AF SMITH, GA BUXTON, DR TI TEMPERATE ZONE SWEET SORGHUM ETHANOL-PRODUCTION POTENTIAL SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; ETHANOL; SWEET SORGHUM; FERMENTABLE SUGAR ID NITROGEN; BIOMASS; YIELD; GRAIN AB The objective of this study was to determine factors that could effect maximum sugar yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) at temperate zone locations. Four sweet sorghum cultivars were tested for fermentable sugar production potential under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions with 0, 84, and 186 kg ha-1 of added nitrogen fertilizer at two temperate zone locations (40.8-degrees and 42-degrees-N latitude). Test sites represented a typical temperate zone irrigated location and a typical corn belt natural rainfall area. Average ethanol (EtOH) yields for the 2-year study were above 3100 liters ha-1 and ranged up to 5235 liters ha-1. The irrigated location produced more gross green weight (89.8 Mg ha-1) compared with the natural rainfall location (65.0 Mg ha-1), but total sugar yield and theoretical EtOH were not significantly different. The results emphasize the potential of sweet sorghum as an alternative energy crop, capable of insulating ethanol prices from shifts in com prices. Added nitrogen fertilizer had little discernible effect on increasing fermentable sugar production. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP SMITH, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 14 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(93)90086-Q PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA KC228 UT WOS:A1993KC22800013 ER PT J AU SILMAN, RW AF SILMAN, RW TI AGROCHEMICALS - HERBICIDES AND PESTICIDES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Editorial Material RP SILMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 559 EP 560 DI 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90024-H PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LW911 UT WOS:A1993LW91100020 ER PT J AU SILMAN, RW BOTHAST, RJ SCHISLER, DA AF SILMAN, RW BOTHAST, RJ SCHISLER, DA TI PRODUCTION OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM FOR USE AS A MYCOHERBICIDE - EFFECTS OF CULTURE, DRYING AND STORAGE ON RECOVERY AND EFFICACY SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; SOLID-STATE CULTURE; BIOCONTROL; BIOHERBICIDE; SPORULATION; WEED CONTROL ID SESBANIA-EXALTATA; SPORE MATRIX; SURVIVAL; CONIDIATION; GERMINATION; SOIL AB Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus and Moore NRRL 13737 (= NRRL 18434) is a fungal plant pathogen which shows promise as a bioherbicide against the troublesome weed Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill. previous studies showed similar amounts of spores were produced/ml of medium in liquid and solid-state fermentations. In this study, Colletotrichum truncatum spores were produced in liquid (LC), solid/vermiculite (SV), and solid/perlite-cornmeal-agar (SP). After drying at room temperature with flowing air, SV and SP retained the most viability. Each product was then stored at 4-degrees, 15-degrees, and 25-degrees-C. All three products stored at 4-degrees-C and SP stored at 15-degrees-C retained highest viability. Efficacy based upon assays utilizing numbers of viable spores showed SV and SP spores incited more severe disease symptoms than LC spores. RP SILMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 561 EP 575 DI 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90025-I PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LW911 UT WOS:A1993LW91100021 PM 14545677 ER PT J AU LASZLO, JA SILMAN, RW AF LASZLO, JA SILMAN, RW TI CELLULAR-AUTOMATA SIMULATIONS OF FUNGAL GROWTH ON SOLID SUBSTRATES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE MODELING; FUNGAL GROWTH; FERMENTATION (SOLID-STATE) ID GAME LIFE; MICROORGANISMS; COLONIES; MODEL AB Growth of filamentous fungi on the surface of cereal grains is a critical aspect of solid substrate fermentation (SSF). Numerous mathematical models have been developed to describe various aspects of fungal growth in SSF. These models consider hyphal geometry and nutrient availability as determinants of colony morphology and fungal physiological state. This work describes the use of cellular automata (CA) as an alternative method of modeling fungal growth. CA models reliant on a very limited set of rules or ''knowledge base display a rich array of behaviors that mimic fungal growth. By incorporating probablistic growth rules into CA models, colony characteristics such as biomass accumulation rate, colony radial growth rate, mycelial density and fungal differentiation are readily generated. RP LASZLO, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90031-H PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LW911 UT WOS:A1993LW91100027 PM 14545682 ER PT J AU GORDON, SH GREEN, RV WHEELER, BC JAMES, C AF GORDON, SH GREEN, RV WHEELER, BC JAMES, C TI MULTIVARIATE FTIR ANALYSIS OF SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN, POLYSACCHARIDE, LIPID AND MICROBE CONTENT - POTENTIAL FOR SOLID-STATE FERMENTATIONS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; FTIR; CHEMOMETRICS; SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; CORN ANALYSIS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME NRRL-13616; PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMOMETRICS AB Components of fermentation processes such as protein, polysaccharide and lipid, as well as microbes, such as fungi grown on solid substrates, are difficult to measure in situ. The potential of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of solid-state fermentations from mid-infrared absorption spectra has been investigated. The problem under consideration was to build a calibration model containing no irrelevant information to enable a multivariate mathematical approach for prediction of component concentrations. Methods for solid sample preparation and preprocessing of FTIR data were developed to assure Beer-Lambert law compliance and produce a well-conditioned multivariate system. The model was tested using composite samples of zein protein, com starch and azolectin lipid, and com samples containing known levels of fungal contamination. Preliminary concentration estimates were remarkably close to the correct values, with less than 5% standard error of prediction for all components measured. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,BECKMAN INST,URBANA,IL 61801. RP GORDON, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 665 EP 675 DI 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90035-L PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LW911 UT WOS:A1993LW91100031 PM 14545685 ER PT J AU GORDON, SH GREEN, RV WHEELER, BC JAMES, C AF GORDON, SH GREEN, RV WHEELER, BC JAMES, C TI MULTIVARIATE FTIR ANALYSIS OF SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN, POLYSACCHARIDE, LIPID AND MICROBE CONTENT - POTENTIAL FOR SOLID-STATE FERMENTATIONS (VOL 11, PG 665, 1993) SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,BECKMAN INST,URBANA,IL 61801. RP GORDON, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PY 1993 VL 11 IS 4 BP 813 EP 813 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MA498 UT WOS:A1993MA49800005 ER PT B AU BURKE, JJ AF BURKE, JJ BE Mabry, TJ Nguyen, HT Dixon, RA Bonness, MS TI THERMAL KINETIC WINDOWS OF PLANT ENZYMES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ARIDLAND PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Prospects of Biotechnology for Arid and Semiarid Lands CY NOV 05-07, 1992 CL LUBBOCK, TX SP IC2 INST, RGK FDN, TEXAS TECH UNIV, INST BIOTECHNOL & INT CTR ARID & SEMIARID LAND STUDIES, SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN, UNIV TEXAS PERMIAN BASIN, CTR ENERGY & ECON DIVERSIFICAT, SW CONSORTIUM PLANT GENET & WATER RESOURCES, TEXAS TECH UNIV, COLL ARTS & SCI, TEXAS TECH UNIV, COLL AGR SCI, LUBBOCK CONVENT & VISITOR BUR, MONSANTO CO, UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, DEPT BOT C1 USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IC2 INST PI AUSTIN PA UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, 2815 SAN GABRIEL, AUSTIN, TX 78705 PY 1993 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BB19V UT WOS:A1993BB19V00006 ER PT J AU DUKE, JA AF DUKE, JA BE Mabry, TJ Nguyen, HT Dixon, RA Bonness, MS TI MEDICINAL AND INDUSTRIAL-PLANTS FROM ARID LANDS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ARIDLAND PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Prospects of Biotechnology for Arid and Semiarid Lands CY NOV 05-07, 1992 CL LUBBOCK, TX SP IC2 INST, RGK FDN, TEXAS TECH UNIV, INST BIOTECHNOL & INT CTR ARID & SEMIARID LAND STUDIES, SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN, UNIV TEXAS PERMIAN BASIN, CTR ENERGY & ECON DIVERSIFICAT, SW CONSORTIUM PLANT GENET & WATER RESOURCES, TEXAS TECH UNIV, COLL ARTS & SCI, TEXAS TECH UNIV, COLL AGR SCI, LUBBOCK CONVENT & VISITOR BUR, MONSANTO CO, UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, DEPT BOT C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IC2 INST PI AUSTIN PA UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, 2815 SAN GABRIEL, AUSTIN, TX 78705 PY 1993 BP 325 EP 343 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BB19V UT WOS:A1993BB19V00023 ER PT B AU MCKELVEY, K NOON, BR LAMBERSON, RH AF MCKELVEY, K NOON, BR LAMBERSON, RH BE Kareiva, PM Kingsolver, JG Huey, RB TI CONSERVATION PLANNING FOR SPECIES OCCUPYING FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES - THE CASE OF THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL SO BIOTIC INTERACTIONS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON BIOTIC INTERACTIONS AND GLOBAL CHANGE CY SEP 20-23, 1991 CL SAN JUAN ISLAND, WA SP NATL SCI FDN RP MCKELVEY, K (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 0 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU SINAUER ASSOCIATES PI SUNDERLAND PA SUNDERLAND BN 0-87893-430-8 PY 1993 BP 424 EP 450 PG 27 WC Biology; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX50K UT WOS:A1993BX50K00026 ER PT J AU BOVILL, EG SOLL, RF LYNCH, M BHUSHAN, F LANDESMAN, M FREIJE, M CHURCH, W MCAULIFFE, T DAVIDSON, K SADOWSKI, J AF BOVILL, EG SOLL, RF LYNCH, M BHUSHAN, F LANDESMAN, M FREIJE, M CHURCH, W MCAULIFFE, T DAVIDSON, K SADOWSKI, J TI VITAMIN-K(1) METABOLISM AND THE PRODUCTION OF DES-CARBOXY PROTHROMBIN AND PROTEIN-C IN THE TERM AND PREMATURE NEONATE SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID K-DEPENDENT PROTEINS; INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE; NEWBORN-INFANT; FACTOR-X; COAGULATION; DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; COAGULOPATHY; PREVENTION; ANTIBODY C1 UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,DEPT MATH & STAT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP BOVILL, EG (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35058, HL40467]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24084] NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA KF548 UT WOS:A1993KF54800012 PM 8417804 ER PT S AU WAUCHOPE, RD DOWLER, CC SUMNER, HR TRUMAN, C JOHNSON, AW CHANDLER, LD GASCHO, GJ DAVIS, JG HOOK, JE AF WAUCHOPE, RD DOWLER, CC SUMNER, HR TRUMAN, C JOHNSON, AW CHANDLER, LD GASCHO, GJ DAVIS, JG HOOK, JE GP BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL TI HERBICIDE RUNOFF MEASUREMENTS FROM SMALL PLOTS - HOW REALISTIC SO BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE: WEEDS - 1993, VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS - BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Brighton Crop Protection Conference on Weeds - 1993 CY NOV 22-25, 1993 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND GU9 7PH SN 0955-1514 BN 0-948404-70-1 J9 PROC BRIGHTON CROP PY 1993 BP 1291 EP 1298 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BC10C UT WOS:A1993BC10C00198 ER PT J AU SMITH, S AF SMITH, S TI PESTICIDE RETENTION BY A PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATIC WATER SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT SAMPLER SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SMITH, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL RES UNIT,PO 1157,AIRPORT RD,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JX840 UT WOS:A1993JX84000001 PM 7678202 ER PT J AU WOOTTON, MA KREMER, RJ KEASTER, AJ AF WOOTTON, MA KREMER, RJ KEASTER, AJ TI EFFECTS OF CARBOFURAN AND THE CORN RHIZOSPHERE ON GROWTH OF SOIL-MICROORGANISMS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION; POPULATIONS; INVOLVEMENT; EPTC C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 50 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JX840 UT WOS:A1993JX84000009 PM 8418938 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, DF JARRET, RL JOHNSON, RW AF AUSTIN, DF JARRET, RL JOHNSON, RW TI IPOMOEA-GRACILIS R-BROWN (CONVOLVULACEAE) AND ITS ALLIES SO BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB LA English DT Article DE PHYLOGENY; SYSTEMATICS; CONVOLVULACEAE; IPOMOEA; I-GRACILIS; I-LITTORALIS; I-PESCAPRAE; I-VIOLACEA ID DNA AB Morphological and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data were analyzed to determine the phylogenetic affinities of I. gracilis and species previously considered allied with that species on the basis of morphology. Both data sets indicate that the names I. gracilis and I. littoralis represent not only distinct species, but that they should be placed in different sections of the genus: I. gracilis in section Erpipomoea or a distinct related section, and I. littoralis in section Batatas. The data further indicate that the pantropical littoral species I. pes-caprae and I. violacea may be closely allied with different species endemic to Australia. C1 USDA ARS,S REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,1109 EXPTL ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30212. QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM,AGR RES LABS,INDOOROOPILLY,QLD 4068,AUSTRALIA. RP AUSTIN, DF (reprint author), FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BOCA RATON,FL 33431, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0040-9618 J9 B TORREY BOT CLUB JI Bull. Torrey Bot. Club PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 120 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.2307/2996663 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KV634 UT WOS:A1993KV63400007 ER PT J AU UNRUH, TR CHAUVIN, RL AF UNRUH, TR CHAUVIN, RL TI ELYTRAL PUNCTURES - A RAPID, RELIABLE METHOD FOR MARKING COLORADO POTATO BEETLE SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA AB A simple, inexpensive, permanent method for individually marking Colorado potato beetle is presented. The method consists of puncturing the elytra within the cream-colored longitudinal bands using a minuten nadeln; the wound response produces intense melanization at the point of puncture. Division of a band into three zones, each potentially receiving a dot, produces an octal digit. If all eight bands are employed, more than 16 million beetles can be uniquely marked. No significant survival effects of marking were seen in teneral, post-teneral, or post-diapause adult beetles. Propensity to fly in mid-summer beetles was generally unaffected by marking. Probabilities of mismarking and misreading are negligible if sufficient care is employed. RP UNRUH, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSECT RES LAB,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 7 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 125 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KP693 UT WOS:A1993KP69300004 ER PT J AU BAYMAN, P COTTY, PJ AF BAYMAN, P COTTY, PJ TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS - ASSOCIATION WITH AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION AND MORPHOLOGY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; SCLEROTIA; AFLATOXIN ID VEGETATIVE INCOMPATIBILITY; DNA; PARASITICUS; NOMIUS; COMPATIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS; RELATEDNESS; POPULATION; STRAINS AB Isolates of Aspergillus flavus belonging to at least 12 vegetative compatibility groups were characterized by aflatoxin production in vitro, morphology, and random amplified polymorphic DNAs. Aflatoxin B1 production differed significantly among vegetative compatibility groups; closely related isolates were similar intoxigenicity regardless of geographic origin. Cladistic analysis of DNA polymorphisms was consistent with vegetative compatibility data. A previously described dichotomy between S and L isolates of A. flavus based on morphology and physiology was strongly associated with both vegetative compatibility groups and DNA polymorphisms. All S isolates formed a single clade, apparently derived from the L group. Southern hybridizations of eight DNA amplification products showed that comigrating bands amplified by the same primer were always homologous within A. flavus but were not always homologous between A. flavus and closely related species. Results suggest that A. flavus is a species aggregate, that genotypes are dispersed over wide areas, and that aflatoxin production is more stable in nature than in culture. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 51 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY545 UT WOS:A1993KY54500003 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK VESONDER, RF BOYETTE, CD PETERSON, SW AF ABBAS, HK VESONDER, RF BOYETTE, CD PETERSON, SW TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF AAL-TOXIN AND OTHER COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA TO JIMSONWEED (DATURA-STRAMONIUM) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE WEED; NATURAL PRODUCTS; SOLID MEDIA; FUNGI ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; MYCOTOXINS AB Nine isolates of Alternaria alternata were obtained from infected tomato (cv. Beefsteak) plants. Each isolate was grown on autoclaved rice medium and com meal agar medium and evaluated for pathogenesis and phytotoxicity to jimsonweed plants. Only A. alternata SWSL 1 (NRRL 18822) caused lodging on 1-week-old jimsonweed plants when sprayed at a rate of 20 g of fungus-infested rice per 100 mL distilled water. The symptoms began within 24 to 48 h following inoculation, and all plants were dead after 96 h. Treatment of 2-week-old jimsonweed plants in the same manner affected growth only. No symptoms occurred when SWSL 1 spores from com meal agar were applied to jimsonweed at a rate of 2 x 10(7) spores/mL, with or without dew. The filtrates of fungus-infested rice of the SWSL 1 isolate were found to contain the following phytotoxins: AAL-toxin (100 mug/g), tenuazonic acid (10 mug/g), and alternariol monomethyl ether (580 mug/g). Crude and cell-free filtrates and AAL-toxin (concentration 200 mug/mL) caused similar damage on excised leaves, characterized by soft rot diffusing from the point of inoculation along the veins, adaxially or abaxially to leaves. Alternariol monomethyl ether (concentration 800 mug/mL) and tenuazonic acid (concentration 420 mug/mL) applied to excised jimsonweed leaves caused no visible damage. In intact plants, symptoms resulting from the crude filtrate, cell-free filtrate, and the AAL-toxin were identical. A dose-response study of AAL-toxin on excised jimsonweed and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) leaves showed effects at concentrations of 1.56 mug/mL and 0.01 mug/mL, respectively. This is the first report of phytotoxicity of AAL-toxin to these two weeds and it may have potential as a weed control agent. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY545 UT WOS:A1993KY54500017 ER PT J AU SMALL, E BAUCHAN, GR SALTER, R BROOKES, B AURICHT, GC AF SMALL, E BAUCHAN, GR SALTER, R BROOKES, B AURICHT, GC TI A SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF MORPHOLOGY AND SEED PROTEINS OF EARLY-FLOWERING AND LATE-FLOWERING FORMS OF MEDICAGO-SCUTELLATA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SCUTELLATA; FABACEAE; TAXONOMY; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMATICS; SEED PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; FLOWERING TIME AB Two hundred and thirty-nine germ plasm accessions of Medicago scutellata grown under greenhouse conditions exhibited a strongly bimodal distribution of flowering time. Numerical taxonomic analysis showed that the early- and late-flowering forms are substantially different morphologically. The early-flowering form is smaller and less vigorous, has fewer flowers in the inflorescence, and fewer serrations on the leaf blades and stipules than the late-flowering form. Analysis of seed proteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified 11 seed proteins that can be used to distinguish the two forms and putative hybrids. Although both forms appear widespread in the circum-Mediterranean indigenous distribution area, only about one-third of the accessions represented the early-flowering form, which seemed to predominate only on isolated Mediterranean islands. The two forms may merit infraspecific taxonomic recognition. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DEPT AGR,NORTHFIELD RES LABS & RES CTR,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA. RP SMALL, E (reprint author), AGR CANADA,CTR LAND & BIOL RESOURCES RES,RES BRANCH,CENT EXPTL FARM,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY545 UT WOS:A1993KY54500021 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG AF HAIGHT, RG TI OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS WITH STOCHASTIC PRICE TRENDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; RISK AB An economic analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation management options with stochastic sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage price trends is conducted using the North Carolina State University Plantation Management Simulator, a widely used model in the southeastern United States. Results for stands with a range of site indices suggest that regimes with high planting densities combined with commercial thinning options have higher expected present values than do regimes without thinning options, especially in plantations with hardwood competition. Such regimes are superior because high planting densities increase the returns from pulpwood thinnings without compromising sawtimber volume at rotation age. Further, high planting densities maintain the option to produce either sawtimber or pulpwood depending on the stumpage prices at midrotation. Optimal regimes are conditional on the sawtimber and pulpwood prices at the time of planting. A comparison of results for plantations with and without hardwood competition suggests that when the hardwood stumpage price is likely to increase over time. removing hardwoods with commercial thinning is superior to removing hardwoods immediately after planting. Finally, planting and thinning regimes that are optimal for deterministic price trends provide near-optimal expected returns when employed in an environment where price trends are stochastic. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1139/x93-007 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KM478 UT WOS:A1993KM47800007 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL BERRANG, P KNIGHTEN, J LAWTON, KA BRITTON, KO AF ANDERSON, RL BERRANG, P KNIGHTEN, J LAWTON, KA BRITTON, KO TI PRETREATING DOGWOOD SEEDLINGS WITH SIMULATED ACIDIC PRECIPITATION INCREASES DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE SYMPTOMS IN GREENHOUSE LABORATORY TRIALS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RAIN AB One-year-old Cornus florida L. seedlings were randomly assigned to four treatments of simulated rain (pH 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5) in two greenhouse-laboratory studies in 1989 and 1990. After 10 applications over a 42-day period, the seedlings were moved to a temperature-controlled laboratory, placed in plastic bags. humidified, and sprayed with a spore suspension of five Discula destructiva isolates. About 30 days later, the seedlings were examined for percentage of leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms and disease severity on affected leaves. Both trials showed that as the acidity of the simulated rain increased, the incidence and severity of anthracnose leaf symptoms increased. The 1989 study included a soil lime treatment that showed the same trend but the overall occurrence and severity of symptoms was higher. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST ENVIRONM STUDIES,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR RESISTANCE SCREENING,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1139/x93-009 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KM478 UT WOS:A1993KM47800009 ER PT J AU KUHLMAN, EG MATTHEWS, FR AF KUHLMAN, EG MATTHEWS, FR TI VARIATION IN VIRULENCE AMONG SINGLE-AECIOSPORE ISOLATES FROM SINGLE-GALL ISOLATES OF CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F-SP FUSIFORME SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE FAMILIES; RESISTANCE AB Single aeciospores from single-gall isolates of Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme previously shown to have virulence toward resistant half-sib loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families 10-5, 11-20, or 29R were propagated in the asexual uredial stage on leaves of oak seedlings. Only 80 of 1086 single aeciospores from a single-gall isolate with virulence towards family 10-5 produced symptoms of infection on the oaks, and 17 infections produced telia directly. Thirty-two single-aeciospore isolates were propagated from the 63 uredinia. Half-sib progeny of 10-5 were inoculated with each of the 32 isolates, and after 9 months incidence of seedlings with galls varied from 46 to 93%. Six isolates produced galls on more than 90% of the seedlings. Average gall length ranged from 30 to 56 mm among the 32 isolate treatments. Similarly, 20 single-aeciospore isolates propagated from two single-gall isolates with virulence towards family 11-20 caused galls on 19-59% of 11-20 progeny. Finally, 12 single-aeciospore isolates propagated from a single-gall isolate with virulence towards family 29R produced galls on 38-91% of the half-sib progeny of 29R. Thus, in three separate experiments virulence among single-aeciospore isolates toward a resistant source ranged from normal to very high. RP KUHLMAN, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1139/x93-011 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KM478 UT WOS:A1993KM47800011 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC AF VANDEUSEN, PC TI SAMPLING MOVING STRATA ON 2 OCCASIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB When forest types define the strata, the boundaries will often move over time. A method is presented for producing estimates of stratum means at two time periods when the stratum boundaries are changing. The method is valid when the samples are taken under either simple random sampling or systematic sampling. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1139/x93-015 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KM478 UT WOS:A1993KM47800015 ER PT J AU ROLLINS, JA EHRENSHAFT, M UPCHURCH, RG AF ROLLINS, JA EHRENSHAFT, M UPCHURCH, RG TI EFFECTS OF LIGHT-CERCOSPORIN AND ALTERED-CERCOSPORIN PHENOTYPES ON GENE-EXPRESSION IN CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE NONSPECIFIC TOXIN; PHOTO INDUCTION; INVITRO TRANSLATION ID BETICOLA; PROTEINS; GROWTH AB Cercospora kikuchii is a fungal pathogen of soybean that produces a photosensitizing and phytotoxic polyketide, cercosporin, in culture and in planta. We have studied the influence of growth stage, light, and growth medium on cercosporin accumulation in a wild-type isolate and three mutant strains with altered toxin phenotypes. After an initial logarithmic growth phase, the wild-type isolate accumulated high levels of cercosporin on either complete medium or potato dextrose broth, but only when cultured in the light. Dark-grown cultures of the wild-type and light-grown cultures of two uv-induced mutant derivatives accumulated 100-fold lower cercosporin levels. A third mutant strain accumulated wild-type cercosporin levels, but only when cultured in the light in potato dextrose broth. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of both extracted proteins and in vitro translation products from wild-type cultures revealed the presence of polypeptides and poly A + RNAs whose accumulation was positively regulated by light. Comparison of translated polypeptide patterns from wild-type and mutant cultures also demonstrated differential accumulation of translatable poly A + RNAs in cercosporin-producing and nonproducing cultures. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA KN056 UT WOS:A1993KN05600017 ER PT J AU HALEY, SD QUICK, JS MORGAN, JA AF HALEY, SD QUICK, JS MORGAN, JA TI EXCISED-LEAF WATER STATUS EVALUATION AND ASSOCIATIONS IN FIELD-GROWN WINTER-WHEAT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUTICULAR TRANSPIRATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; LEAF WATER LOSS; STOMATA; DROUGHT ID DROUGHT RESISTANCE; ENVIRONMENTS; GLAUCOUSNESS; YIELD AB Water status measurements of excised leaves have been proposed as screening criteria for drought resistance in cereal crops. This study was conducted to assess the utility of such measurements in a wheat breeding program, through evaluation of environment and genotype differences in excised-leaf water status and examination of associations with several other traits. Initial water content (IWC) and rate of water loss (RWL) of excised leaves, epicuticular wax content (EW), stomatal frequency (SF), flag leaf area (LA), plant height (HT), heading date (HD), grain yield (GY), and test weight (TW) were measured on 24 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown near Fort Collins, CO, during 1986-1987 and 1987-1988 (F87 and F88, respectively: subirrigated environments) and near Bennett, CO, during 1987-1988 (B88: dryland environment). Differences among genotypes for IWC and RWL were significant for F87 and F88, and nonsignificant for B88. Combined analyses of variance showed significant differences among environments for IWC and RWL. Initial water content was less for B88 than for F87 and F88. Significant genotype x environment (G x E) effects for IWC and RWL suggested that selection for high IWC or low RWL in irrigated environments (F87 and F88) may not provide selections that respond similarly in dryland environments (B88). Correlations for B88 revealed only a small, positive correlation between IWC and GY (r = 0.49*). For F87 and F88, significant correlations were observed between IWC and SF (r = -0.57** and -0.78**), RWL and LA (r = 0.74** and 0.71 **), RWL and HT (r = 0.63** and 0.57**), and RWL and HD (r = 0.71** and 0.57**). Neither IWC or RWL were correlated with EW in any environment. Correlations between RWL (subirrigated) and GY and TW (dryland) suggested that selection for low RWL in irrigated environments could provide some GY or TW advantage in dryland environments, despite observed G x E interaction and lack of RWL differences under the dryland environment. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP HALEY, SD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 73 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KT856 UT WOS:A1993KT85600008 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI ROOT VERSUS SHOOT MEASUREMENTS TO EVALUATE RECOVERY OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) AFTER SEVERAL YEARS OF CONTROL TREATMENTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT BUDS; PERENNIAL WEED; ROOT AB Several methods were compared for estimating long-term control of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] after ending several years of herbicide treatment. Simple linear regression equations using shoot density m-2, numbers of adventitious root buds, or root fresh weight, measured in late summer after several years of herbicide treatment, were equally accurate in estimating Canada thistle shoot density m-2 in early June of the following year (R2 = 0.77-0.81). In contrast, shoot density m-2 measured in late summer estimated shoot density m-2 in late summer of the following year more accurately (R2 = 0.93) than did either root growth variable (R2 values = 0.80-0.83). RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,244 AGR ENGN BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 73 IS 1 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KT856 UT WOS:A1993KT85600054 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, PP AF WILLIAMS, PP TI IMMUNOMODULATING EFFECTS OF INTESTINAL ABSORBED MATERNAL COLOSTRAL LEUKOCYTES BY NEONATAL PIGS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID MINIATURE SWINE; LYMPHOCYTES; NEWBORN; PIGLETS; ABSORPTION; MILK; CELLS; LAMBS AB Intestinal absorption of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled maternal colostral leukocytes (FITC-CL) was studied in 49 neonatal colostrum-deprived (CD) pigs from nine Minnesota miniature sows. Within 2 h postfeeding (pf), maternal FITC-CL were absorbed from the sibling's digestive tract and migrated into blood. The peak appearance of FITC-CL in blood occurred in samples at 5 and 7 h pf. By 24 h pf, cells were detected in liver, lung, lymph nodes, spleen and gastrointestinal tissues. To confirm intercellular migration of FITC-CL, gastrointestinal explant cultures from neonatal CD pigs were used. Maternal FITC-CL were observed to intercellularly migrate in 24 to 48 h pf between duodenal- and jejunal-epithelial cells to lamina propria cells and submucosal spaces. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled maternal colostral leukocytes were not absorbed via ileal explant cultures. Unlike FITC-CL, maternal FITC-peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (FITC-PBL) were not absorbed either in vivo or in vitro by gastrointestinal tissues. When maternal FITC-PBL were intravenously administered to siblings they were distributed in blood and organs similar to FITC-CL. Following exposure to FITC-labelled cells, treated- and mock (untreated)-pigs were compared on the basis of PBI. proliferative responses to phytomitogens. Sibling CD-pigs fed maternal FITC-CL showed higher PBL T-cell responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA), and a significant stimulation (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) of B-cell responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Pigs fed FITC-PBI, showed little PBL responses to PHA, ConA and PWM over PBL from mock pigs. Similarly, the influence of noncellular constituents of colostrum were also assessed by proliferative studies. Colostral IgG2 stimulated (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) PHA T-cell responses of PBL, and significantly suppressed (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) PWM B-cell responses of PBL. No differences in responses to ConA were noted. The results indicated that sows, animals having an epitheliochorial placenta, produce CL that upon ingestion by siblings are absorbed via the digestive tract. Once absorbed the CL were demonstrated to confer an immunomodulating effect on neonatal pigs. RP WILLIAMS, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KJ522 UT WOS:A1993KJ52200001 PM 8431798 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL AF SHOGREN, RL TI COMPLEXES OF STARCH WITH TELECHELIC POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE) PHOSPHATE SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE COACRYLIC ACID); POLYSACCHARIDES; AMYLOSE; FILMS AB The interaction of starch with poly(epsilon-caprolactone) having end-linked phosphate groups (PCL phosphate) was studied in order to determine if aliphatic polyesters could form inclusion complexes with starch similar to those formed from amylose and fatty acids. Normal cornstarch co-jet cooked with aqueous PCL phosphate solutions formed highly viscous gels on cooling, whereas jet-cooked starch solutions had low viscosities. Solutions of waxy maize starch had low viscosities after jet cooking either with or without PCL phosphate, while high amylose starch formed gels with or without PCL phosphate. Essentially all amylose precipitated from a dilute solution upon addition of PCL phosphate solution. After extraction with a solvent for the PCL phosphate, about 0.l g PCL phosphate remained bound per g of amylose. X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS C-13 NMR studies showed that the PCL phosphate/amylose complexes adopt a semi-crystalline, V-type helical inclusion structure. RP SHOGREN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(93)90071-B PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA ML482 UT WOS:A1993ML48200003 ER PT J AU ISOGAI, A KATO, T URYU, T ATALLA, RH AF ISOGAI, A KATO, T URYU, T ATALLA, RH TI SOLID-STATE CP/MAS C-13-NMR ANALYSIS OF CELLULOSE AND TRI-O-SUBSTITUTED CELLULOSE ETHERS SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR-SPECTRA; SOLVENT; SOLUBILITY; BOND AB Highly crystalline tri-O-substituted cellulose ethers having ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, allyl, and methallyl substituents were prepared from low-molecular weight cellulose (DP = 15). Influences of conformational and packing effects on solid-state C-13-NMR spectra were studied by using X-ray diffraction and solid- and solution-state C-13-NMR analyses of the cellulose derivatives. Unit-cell sizes tentatively obtained from X-ray diffraction patterns of the cellulose derivatives indicated that conformations and packing states of cellulose chains and alkyl chains of substituents were different between the derivatives. Solid- and solution-state C-13-NMR spectra of cellulose allomorphs, and effects of hydrogen bonds present in celluloses I, II, and III on chemical shifts of their solid-state C-13-NMR spectra were proposed. C1 UNIV TOKYO,INST IND SCI,MINATO KU,TOKYO 106,JAPAN. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP ISOGAI, A (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,DEPT FOREST PROD,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RI Kato, Takashi/Q-8050-2016 OI Kato, Takashi/0000-0002-0571-0883 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(93)90059-D PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA MA941 UT WOS:A1993MA94100005 ER PT S AU KRINSKY, NI WANG, XD TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM AF KRINSKY, NI WANG, XD TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM BE Canfield, LM Krinsky, NI Olson, JA TI MECHANISM OF CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE TO RETINOIDS SO CAROTENOIDS IN HUMAN HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carotenoids in Human Health CY FEB 06-09, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID BETA-CAROTENE; MOUSE EPIDERMIS; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; FERRETS; CONVERSION; ABSORPTION; PRODUCTS; INVITRO; RATS C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP KRINSKY, NI (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,136 HARRISON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195-01A3] NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-827-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 691 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26168.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Civil; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology GA BA01B UT WOS:A1993BA01B00017 PM 8129286 ER PT S AU RIBAYAMERCADO, JD LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM AF RIBAYAMERCADO, JD LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM BE Canfield, LM Krinsky, NI Olson, JA TI DISTRIBUTION OF BETA-CAROTENE AND VITAMIN-A IN LIPOPROTEIN FRACTIONS OF FERRET SERUM - EFFECT OF BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION SO CAROTENOIDS IN HUMAN HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carotenoids in Human Health CY FEB 06-09, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI C1 MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP RIBAYAMERCADO, JD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-827-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 691 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26180.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Civil; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology GA BA01B UT WOS:A1993BA01B00029 PM 8129299 ER PT S AU BURRI, BJ DIXON, ZR FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ CLIFFORD, AJ ERDMAN, JW AF BURRI, BJ DIXON, ZR FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ CLIFFORD, AJ ERDMAN, JW BE Canfield, LM Krinsky, NI Olson, JA TI POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF SKIN-LESIONS WITH A LOW-CAROTENE DIET IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO CAROTENOIDS IN HUMAN HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carotenoids in Human Health CY FEB 06-09, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95817. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BURRI, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-827-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 691 BP 279 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26195.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Civil; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology GA BA01B UT WOS:A1993BA01B00044 PM 8129312 ER PT B AU SPRINGER, EL AF SPRINGER, EL BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI BLEACHING A SPRUCE KRAFT PULP WITH LIGHT, AIR AND SEMICONDUCTOR POWDERS SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00014 ER PT B AU TRIPLETT, BA AF TRIPLETT, BA BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI USING BIOTECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE COTTON FIBER QUALITY - PROGRESS AND PERSPECTIVES SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00021 ER PT B AU KIMMEL, LB SAWHNEY, APS RUPPENICKER, GF HARPER, RJ AF KIMMEL, LB SAWHNEY, APS RUPPENICKER, GF HARPER, RJ BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI COMPARISON OF UNIQUE STAPLE-CORE AND CONVENTIONAL COTTON-BLEND FABRICS WITH DURABLE-PRESS FINISH SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00033 ER PT B AU SAWHENY, AP RUPPENICKER, GF KIMMEL, LB AF SAWHENY, AP RUPPENICKER, GF KIMMEL, LB BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI CONSTRUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF COTTON-RICH YARN AND FABRIC, USING ARS-PATENTED CORE-SPINNING TECHNOLOGY SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00035 ER PT B AU SHIN, DH KIMMEL, LB HARPER, RJ AF SHIN, DH KIMMEL, LB HARPER, RJ BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI KAWABATA EVALUATION OF COTTON PET BLENDED FABRICS AFTER VARIOUS CHEMICAL TREATMENTS SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00036 ER PT B AU HARPER, RJ LAMBERT, AH AF HARPER, RJ LAMBERT, AH BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI RESIST FINISHING AND DYEING OF CATIONIC FABRICS SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00040 ER PT B AU ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORELL, BJ MORRIS, NM AF ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORELL, BJ MORRIS, NM BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI IMPROVEMENTS IN DURABLE PRESS COTTON FABRICS FROM ESTERIFICATION CROSSLINKING SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00044 ER PT B AU KIRK, TK AF KIRK, TK BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI LIGNIN DEGRADATION - BASIC RESEARCH PROGRESS, AND APPLICATIONS IN SOIL REMEDIATION AND BIOPULPING SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00063 ER PT B AU FLOURNOY, DS PAUL, JA AF FLOURNOY, DS PAUL, JA BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI CHANGES IN PORE STRUCTURE AND CELL WALL PORE VOLUME IN WOOD DECAYED BY BROWN-ROT AND WHITE-ROT FUNGI SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00068 ER PT B AU ROWELL, RM AF ROWELL, RM BE Kennedy, JF Phillips, GO Williams, PA TI PROTECTION OF WOOD AGAINST BIODEGRADATION BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION SO CELLULOSICS: PULP, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE ELLIS HORWOOD SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellulose - Cellulosics: Pulp, Fibre and Environmental Aspects (Cellulose 91) CY 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP CELLUCON TRUST, AMER CHEM SOC, CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE DIV C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELLIS HORWOOD LTD PI CHICHESTER PA MARKET CROSS HOUSE, COOPER ST, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND PO19 1EB BN 0-13-053059-X J9 E H S POLYM PY 1993 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC01E UT WOS:A1993BC01E00070 ER PT J AU DELWICHE, SR NORRIS, KH AF DELWICHE, SR NORRIS, KH TI CLASSIFICATION OF HARD RED WHEAT BY NEAR-INFRARED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS; KERNEL MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; WINTER WHEATS; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; DISCRIMINATION; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; PROTEIN AB Various forms of discriminant analysis models have been developed and tested for distinguishing two classes of wheat-hard red winter and hard red spring. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the intrinsic properties of ground samples of hard red winter and spring wheats grown during the 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 crop years, of which 100 samples from each of the first three years formed the calibration set for each model. Discriminant functions were developed by using the following parameters: NIR-predicted protein content (adjusted to 12% moisture), NIR-predicted hardness, NIR protein and NIR hardness, and the scores from principal component analysis (PCA) of full-range (1,100-2,498 nm) NIR spectra. Each function was tested on 1,325 samples (excluded from training of the models) from the 1987-1989 crop years and on 678 samples from the 1990 crop year, all of known class. Model performance, expressed as the percent of misclassified samples for each year and class, was poorest for the one-parameter models, which often had misclassification rates in excess of 25%. A five-factor PCA model was the most accurate, with an average misclassification rate of 5% for 1987, 1988, and 1989 samples. However, the misclassification rate of the PCA model rose to 8% for the 1990 samples, suggesting that model accuracy is reduced when samples grown during years excluded from calibration, such as from a new year's crop, are classified. Examination of the principal component factors indicates that hardness, protein level, and the interaction of water with protein and other constituents within wheat are responsible for correct NIR-based classification. RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KJ860 UT WOS:A1993KJ86000007 ER PT J AU BETTGE, AD POMERANZ, Y AF BETTGE, AD POMERANZ, Y TI AIR-ASPIRATED CLEANING TO SEPARATE SOUND FROM PREHARVEST-SPROUTED WHEAT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY TABLE AB An air-aspirated wheat cleaner fractionated two sets of preharvest-sprouted wheats (falling numbers 62-376) through the combined influences of aerodynamic drag, kernel volume, and kernel weight. One set was fractionated at a water column (WC) air pressure of 3.81 cm (1.5 in.); the other set was fractionated under WC air pressures of 2.54, 3.8 1, and 5.08 cm (1, 1.5, and 2 in., respectively). Each treatment resulted in a lifted fraction and a fraction passing through the air-aspirated cleaner. The fractions, plus the original grain, were analyzed for physicochemical, alpha-amylase, and end-use parameters. The first set of samples showed significant physical and physicochemical differences between lifted and throughs fractions. The improvements were most meaningful for wheats of moderate preharvest sprouting (failing numbers between 200 and 300). Throughs fractions produced better sponge cakes, in volume and texture, than the other fractions. The second set of samples exhibited a similar pattern: significant improvement in wheat of moderate preharvest sprouting but no meaningful improvements in either highly or lightly sprouted samples. Significant improvement was observed in fractions passing through the aspirator relative to the original and to the lifted fractions in samples of moderate preharvest sprouting. This improvement was most evident in the fraction passing through the aspirator at 5.08-cm WC air pressure. Aspiration at this air pressure causes about 50% of the sample to be removed. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BETTGE, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KJ860 UT WOS:A1993KJ86000008 ER PT J AU SHARMA, N HANNA, MA CHEN, YR AF SHARMA, N HANNA, MA CHEN, YR TI FLOW BEHAVIOR OF WHEAT FLOUR-WATER DOUGH USING A CAPILLARY RHEOMETER .1. EFFECT OF CAPILLARY GEOMETRY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; GLUTEN-STARCH DOUGHS AB A capillary extrusion rheometer was employed for detailed investigation of the flow behavior of wheat flour-water dough. Dough was extruded at ambient conditions through capillaries of different lengths and diameters. In the shear rate range of 9-5,000 sec-1, the dough exhibited shear thinning with an average flow behavior index of 0.34 and consistency coefficient of 2,395 Pa-sec0.34. The flow curves, corrected for end effects and for effect of die diameter on shear rates, were independent of capillary dimensions. The capillary rheometer technique was found to be a reliable and repeatable method for determining flow parameters of viscous materials such as dough. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHARMA, N (reprint author), WESTRECO INC,ST JOSEPH,MO, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KJ860 UT WOS:A1993KJ86000013 ER PT J AU GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, CJ MOORE, KJ STEARNS, M GRANT, DL AF GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, CJ MOORE, KJ STEARNS, M GRANT, DL TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WHEAT-FLOUR PROTEIN, LIPID, AND PENTOSAN COMPOSITION IN RELATION TO BAKING AND MILLING QUALITY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREADMAKING QUALITY; CULTIVARS; GLUTENIN; SONICATION; FRACTIONS AB Variation in milling, baking, and dough-handling properties among 58 hard wheat (Triticum aestivum) flours was examined in relation to the variation in flour protein and lipid concentrations and composition and to the variation in water-soluble pentosan concentrations. Simple correlations showed no single biochemical component capable of explaining more than 41% of the variation in any given quality parameter. Similarly, no single biochemical component was highly related to all quality attributes. Canonical analyses, a multivariate statistical approach, revealed that the measured biochemical components were able to explain more than 90% of the variation in major quality attributes such as dough-handling and loaf characteristics. Flour protein concentration was found to be the primary factor contributing to variation in both dough strength and loaf characteristics. Once the primary effects of protein concentration were established, flour polar lipid concentrations showed substantial positive contributions to dough handling. Loaf textural features largely were unrelated to protein concentrations; however, glutenin concentrations, water-soluble pentosans, and flour lipids showed positive relationships. Assay of numerous biochemical components together with multivariate approaches may be needed to develop effective predictive models for observed variation in wheat end-use quality. C1 CAMPBELL TAGGART INC,DALLAS,TX 75266. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GRAYBOSCH, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KJ860 UT WOS:A1993KJ86000020 ER PT J AU DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA BIETZ, JA AF DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA BIETZ, JA TI ZEIN COMPOSITION IN HARD AND SOFT ENDOSPERM OF MAIZE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAMMA-ZEIN; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROTEIN; QUANTITATION; EXTRACTION; FAMILY AB Maize protein composition and distribution may directly influence endosperm texture and physical properties. To test this hypothesis, we compared compositions of alcohol-soluble proteins in maize endosperm from the hard and soft fractions of eight normal genotypes. Kernels were hand-dissected to obtain fractions differing in texture. Endosperm fractions were extracted with a solution containing alcohol, reducing agent, and sodium acetate and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We found more (an average of 3.3 times more) alpha-zeins (19 and 22 kDa) in hard endosperm fractions than in soft endosperm fractions. In contrast, soft endosperm fractions contained nearly twice as much 27-kDa gamma-zein (based on percent) than did hard endosperm fractions. Thus, distribution of the various types of zeins was not uniform throughout the maize endosperm. Our results suggest that the zein composition of protein bodies in normal maize kernels may be correlated with texture of the endosperm from which the sample was obtained. RP DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KJ860 UT WOS:A1993KJ86000022 ER PT J AU GAINES, CS AF GAINES, CS TI COLLABORATIVE STUDIES ON THE BAKING QUALITY OF COOKIE FLOUR BY WIRE-CUT TYPE FORMULATIONS (AACC METHODS 10-53 AND 10-54) SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article AB A micro- (40 g of flour) and a macro-method (225 g of flour) for the laboratory production of commercially based wire-cut formula cookies were studied collaboratively. The new methods have less sucrose and more closely resemble commercial cookies (wire-cut) than do the existing laboratory test baking cookie methods, which produce sugar-snap cookies. Eight flours were duplicated and sent to five laboratories. Collaborative baking at each laboratory revealed that the new methods differentiated well and easily ranked the eight flours on the basis of cookie diameter and height. The standardized procedures did not contribute to significant statistical variance within each laboratory. Neither duplication of flour nor day of baking significantly contributed to overall statistical variance. RP GAINES, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1 BP 26 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KL219 UT WOS:A1993KL21900005 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RW AF RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RW TI NITROGEN-FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT AND GRAIN-YIELD LOSS TO RUSSIAN WHEAT APHIDS SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE WINTER WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; LIQUID UREAAMMONIUM NITRATE AB Laboratory research has indicated that grain yield loss to Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be reduced by increased levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Field application of nitrogen fertilizer, therefore, might be a useful strategy for limiting grain yield loss caused by Russian wheat aphids. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment with nitrogen fertilizer as main plot treatments and Russian wheat aphid infestation as subplot treatments was conducted. Soil tests from an established winter wheat field in early spring.indicated that 78 kg ha-1 nitrogen was needed to attain a potential grain yield of 4800 kg ha-1. Nitrogen (liquid urea-ammonium nitrate) was then sprayed onto plants at rates of 0, 39, or 78 kg ha-1. Plants were infested with Russian wheat aphids for a period of 17 days. Plants given N fertilizer had increased plant dry weight, filler number, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, and grain yield compared with plants given no N ferfilizer. Russian wheat aphid infestation reduced grain yield approximately 31 percent. A lack of significant interaction between nitrogen fertilizer treatment and Russian wheat aphid infestation suggests that aphid infestation affected grain yield similarly for all fertilizer treatments studied. These results indicate that application of nitrogen fertilizer to winter wheat improves grain yield performance independently of the effects of Russian wheat aphid infestation. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM059 UT WOS:A1993LM05900009 ER PT J AU ZAGHMOUT, OMF AF ZAGHMOUT, OMF TI DIRECT ELECTROPORATION OF PLASMID DNA INTO WHEAT INTACT-CELLS OF EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; ELECTROPORATION; WHEAT AB An optimized procedure for the delivery of DNA, which carries a plant expressible beta-glucouronidase (GUS), directly into intact cells of slowly growing embryogenic wheat callus cultures was developed. Maximum GUS enzymatic acivity was found in cells electroporated at 6000 Vcm-1, 25 muF in the presence of 6% (v/v) glycerol and 20 to 25 % (v/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG). An electroporation buffer was formulated to circumvent arcing, substantial energy loss, and shattering of the cuvette, which takes place in low resistance media (i.e. tissue culture medium). Addition of polyethylene glycol (20 to 25 %) was shown to cause at least a two fold increase in GUS activity over the control. Added tetradecanophrobol 12,13-acetate (TPA) (a protein kinase C (PKC) activator) had no effect on the efficiency of transient gene expression by this procedure. RP ZAGHMOUT, OMF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOX 215,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NB165 UT WOS:A1993NB16500007 ER PT J AU OJIMA, DS VALENTINE, DW MOSIER, AR PARTON, WJ SCHIMEL, DS AF OJIMA, DS VALENTINE, DW MOSIER, AR PARTON, WJ SCHIMEL, DS TI EFFECT OF LAND-USE CHANGE ON METHANE OXIDATION IN TEMPERATE FOREST AND GRASSLAND SOILS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NITROUS-OXIDE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SEASONAL CYCLES; CONSUMPTION; TRENDS; GASES; FIELD; CH4 AB Evidence is accumulating that land use changes and other human activity during the past 100 to 200 years have contributed to decreased CH4 oxidation in the soil. Recent studies have documented the effect of land use change on CH4 oxidation in a variety of ecosystems. Increased N additions to temperate forest soils in the northeastern United States decreased CH4 uptake by 30 to 60%, and increased N fertilization and conversion to cropland in temperate grasslands decreased CH4 uptake by 30 to 75%. Using these data, we made a series of calculations to estimate the impact of land use and management changes which have altered soil the CH4 sink in temperate forest and grassland ecosystems. Our study indicates that as the atmospheric mixing ratio of CH4 has increased during the past 150 y, the temperate CH4 sink has risen from approximately 8 Tg y-1 to 27 Tg y-1, assuming no loss of land cover to cropland conversion. The net effect of intensive land cover changes and extensive chronic disturbance (i.e., increased atmospheric N deposition) to these ecosystems have resulted in about 30% reduction in the CH4 sink relative to the soil sink assuming no disturbance to any of the temperate ecosystems. This will impact the global CH4 budget even more as atmospheric CH4 concentrations increase and as a result of further disturbance to other biomes. Determining the reasons for the decreased CH4 uptake due to land disturbance is necessary to understand the role of CH4 uptake in conjunction with the increasing atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Without accounting for this approximately 20 Tg y-1 temperate soil sink, the atmospheric CH4 concentration would be increasing about 1.5 times the current rate. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,CLIMATE SYST MODELING PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP OJIMA, DS (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 39 TC 140 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90452-B PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500046 ER PT S AU TIMPA, JD AF TIMPA, JD BE Provder, T TI SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY TO CHARACTERIZE COTTON FIBER SO CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYMERS: CHARACTERIZATION BY SEC AND FFF SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYMERS, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC ) CY AUG 25-30, 1991 CL NEW YORK, NY SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV POLYM MAT, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV SCI & ENGN, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ANAL CHEM RP TIMPA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2625-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 521 BP 302 EP 313 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BY01H UT WOS:A1993BY01H00021 ER PT S AU FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT LEVAJ, B AF FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT LEVAJ, B BE Provder, T TI STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATED POLYSACCHARIDES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY VISCOMETRY SO CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYMERS: CHARACTERIZATION BY SEC AND FFF SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYMERS, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC ) CY AUG 25-30, 1991 CL NEW YORK, NY SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV POLYM MAT, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV SCI & ENGN, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ANAL CHEM RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2625-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 521 BP 314 EP 325 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BY01H UT WOS:A1993BY01H00022 ER PT J AU MUKAI, Y FRIEBE, B HATCHETT, JH YAMAMOTO, M GILL, BS AF MUKAI, Y FRIEBE, B HATCHETT, JH YAMAMOTO, M GILL, BS TI MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RADIATION-INDUCED WHEAT-RYE TERMINAL AND INTERCALARY CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS AND THE DETECTION OF RYE CHROMATIN SPECIFYING RESISTANCE TO HESSIAN FLY SO CHROMOSOMA LA English DT Article ID RNA MULTIGENE FAMILY; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; SECALE-CEREALE; DNA-SEQUENCES; COMMON WHEAT; TRITICEAE; IDENTIFICATION; PROBE; BANDS AB Radiation-induced wheat-rye chromosome translocation lines resistant to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (say), were analyzed by in situ hybridization using total genomic and highly repetitive rye DNA probes pSc119 and pSc74. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the exact locations of the translocation break-points and allowed the estimation of the sizes of the transferred rye segments. T6BS.6BL-6RL and T4BS.4BL-6RL are terminal translocations with either most of the complete long arm of rye chromosome 6R or only the distal 57% of the 6RL arm attached to the long arms of wheat chromosomes 6B and 4B, respectively. The breakpoint in T6BS-6BL-6RL is located at a fraction length (FL) of 0.11 in the long arm of T6BS.6BL-6RL and at FL 0.46 in the long arm of T4BS.4BL-6RL. Ti4AS.4AL-6RL-4AL is an intercalary translocation with the breakpoint located at FL 0.06 in the long arm of wheat chromosome 4A. The inserted 6RL segment, with the Hessian fly resistance gene, has a size of 0.7 mum, and is the smallest and, so far, the first radiation-induced intercalary translocation identified in wheat. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66505. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA-ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66505. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66505. NR 41 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0009-5915 J9 CHROMOSOMA JI Chromosoma PD JAN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1007/BF00356025 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KH007 UT WOS:A1993KH00700003 ER PT J AU LEWANDROWSKI, JK BRAZEE, RJ AF LEWANDROWSKI, JK BRAZEE, RJ TI FARM PROGRAMS AND CLIMATE CHANGE SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The view that the agricultural sector could largely offset any negative impacts of climate change by altering production practices assumes the government will not create disincentives for farmers to adapt. U.S. farm programs, however, often discourage such obvious adaptations as switching crops, investing in water conserving technologies, and entry or exit. We outline a simple portfolio model describing producer decision making: we then use this framework to assess how specific US. farm programs might affect adaption to climate change. Three future climate scenarios are considered and in each the present structure of U.S. farm programs discourages adaptation. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP LEWANDROWSKI, JK (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCE & TECHNOL,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF01092678 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KK227 UT WOS:A1993KK22700002 ER PT J AU KLINEDINST, PL WILHITE, DA HAHN, GL HUBBARD, KG AF KLINEDINST, PL WILHITE, DA HAHN, GL HUBBARD, KG TI THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SUMMER SEASON DAIRY-CATTLE MILK-PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article AB The potential direct effects of possible global warming on summer season dairy production and reproduction were evaluated for the United States and Europe. Algorithms used for milk production and conception rate were previously developed and validated. Three widely known global circulation models (GISS, GFDL, and UKMO) were used to represent possible scenarios of future climate. Milk production and conception rate declines were highest under the UKMO model scenario and lowest under the GISS model scenario. Predicted declines for the GCM scenarios are generally higher than either '1 year in 10' probability-based declines or declines based on the abnormally hot summer of 1980 in the United States. The greatest declines (about 10% for the GISS and GFDL scenarios, and about 20% for the UKMO scenario) in the United States are predicted to occur in the Southeast and the Southwest. Substantial declines (up to 35%) in conception rates were also predicted in many locations, particularly the eastern and southern United States. These areas correspond to areas of high dairy cattle concentration. They already have relatively large summer season milk production declines resulting from normally hot conditions. Thus, the actual impacts of increased production declines may be greater in other areas, which are not accustomed to large summer season declines and therefore may require more extensive mitigation measures. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1007/BF01092679 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KK227 UT WOS:A1993KK22700003 ER PT J AU PLANTINGA, AJ BIRDSEY, RA AF PLANTINGA, AJ BIRDSEY, RA TI CARBON FLUXES RESULTING FROM UNITED-STATES PRIVATE TIMBERLAND MANAGEMENT SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FORESTS AB A carbon budget model was developed to examine the effects of forest management practices on carbon storage in U.S. private timberlands. The model explicitly incorporates the demand for wood products and its impact on harvesting and other management decisions. Forest carbon is divided into four components: carbon stored in trees, soils, forest litter, and understory vegetation. Changes in the forest carbon inventory result from tree growth and management activities, in particular harvesting. Harvesting of timber for wood products is determined by demand and supply forces. The model then tracks carbon in timber removals through primary and secondary processing and disposal stages. Harvesting also has effects on carbon in soils, forest litter, and understory vegetation. A base-run scenario projects increases in carbon storage in U.S. private timberlands by 2040; however, this increase is offset by carbon emissions resulting from harvesting. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. RP PLANTINGA, AJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1007/BF01092680 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KK227 UT WOS:A1993KK22700004 ER PT J AU FAULKNER, PL SCHOENEBERGER, MM LUDOVICI, KH AF FAULKNER, PL SCHOENEBERGER, MM LUDOVICI, KH TI COMPARISON OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES IN LOBLOLLY-PINE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE AB Foliar tissue was collected from a field study designed to test impacts of atmospheric pollutants on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Standard enzymatic (ENZ) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were used to analyze the tissue for soluble sugars. A comparison of the methods revealed no significant differences in accuracy or in detection of treatment differences, but did find the HPLC results had a greater within-method variability, thus lowering method precision. This variability may be reduced by consistent maintenance and monitoring of sugar detection. If both methods are performed with equal care, soluble sugar values will be comparable. RP FAULKNER, PL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1080/00103629309368787 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KH430 UT WOS:A1993KH43000011 ER PT J AU JACOBSEN, JS TANAKA, DL BAUDER, JW AF JACOBSEN, JS TANAKA, DL BAUDER, JW TI SPRING WHEAT RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER PLACEMENT AND NITROGEN RATE WITH LIMITED MOISTURE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; GROWTH AB Plant response to fertilizer placement under dryland conditions is dependent upon interactions between moisture, the crop, and root access to applied fertilizer. This study was conducted to determine response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to fertilizer placement and nitrogen (N) rate under limited moisture conditions in a conservation tillage system. Field trials were conducted over a three-year period, from 1987-1989, with broadcast and band fertilizer placements applied at the recommended N rate or at 1.5X this rate, all with a uniform application of P, K, and S in a randomized complete block design. Banded fertilizer stimulated plant growth early in the growing season (Feekes 5-6) and produced dry matter with increased N and P concentration and content. As drought conditions developed over the course of the growing season, grain yield differences due to fertilizer placement and N rate diminished. There were, however, straw yield increases at harvest with band fertilizer placement. Early plant response to banded fertilizer may be beneficial early in the growing season, under conditions when nutrient uptake from broadcast applications is limited due to the lack of moisture needed to move surface applied nutrients into the root zone. C1 USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP JACOBSEN, JS (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. RI Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1080/00103629309368790 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KH430 UT WOS:A1993KH43000014 ER PT J AU ADAMSEN, FJ AF ADAMSEN, FJ TI MINERAL-COMPOSITION OF PEANUT TISSUE AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION WATER-QUALITY AND IRRIGATION METHOD SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is produced in the Virginia and North Carolina coastal plain where sodic deep well water sources are more readily available than high quality shallow well sources. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and irrigation method on the mineral composition of peanut tissue. Virginia-type peanuts were grown on a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) in Suffolk, VA from 1985 to 1987. Peanuts were irrigated with either overhead sprinklers or deep buried trickle lines using sodic deep-well (142 m) and nonsodic shallow-well (10 m) water. Trickle lines were buried 350 to 410 mm below each row. Sodic water had 220 mg Na/L, a pH of 8.5, and a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 103. Non-sodic water had 4.8 mg Na/L, a pH of 4.8, and an SAR of 3.1. Sodic water did not affect soil levels of Ca and Mg. Soil Na and pH were both higher to a depth of 900 mm in soil irrigated with sodic water. Sodic water appeared to reduce the concentration of Mg and increase the concentration of K in plant tissue. Plants from plots irrigated with sodic water concentrated Na in the stems and roots. Only in 1987, which was the driest year of the study, did seed concentration of plants irrigated with sodic water differ significantly from non-sodic irrigated and non-irrigated concentrations. Trickle irrigation reduced the amount of Na in the plants and may be the best way to use sodic irrigation water for peanut production. C1 USDA ARS,PEANUT PROD DIS & HARVESTING RES UNIT,SUFFOLK,VA. RP ADAMSEN, FJ (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 525 EP 538 DI 10.1080/00103629309368819 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KV584 UT WOS:A1993KV58400013 ER PT J AU SCHNABEL, RR MESSIER, SR PURNELL, RF AF SCHNABEL, RR MESSIER, SR PURNELL, RF TI AN EVALUATION OF ANION-EXCHANGE RESIN USED TO MEASURE NITRATE MOVEMENT THROUGH SOIL SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS AB The attribute that ion-exchange resins remove ions from solutions moving through them can be used to measure nitrate transport through soils. The characteristics of nitrate adsorption by resins must be known to interpret nitrate accumulation on ion-exchange resins embedded in soil. The extent to which anion exchange resins retain NO3- from soil leachate was measured in 15.9 cm diam.by 60 cm long intact cores of Nolin (fine silty mixed mesic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochroept) soil. A NO3--selective resin and a non-selective resin were tested. Columns were fertilized at a rate of 300 kg N/ha and 150 kg Br-/ha and leached with 50 cm of water. Under these conditions, both resins retained approximately 80% of the NO3- and Br- leached through the soil. This compared with greater than 95% retention in laboratory columns containing only resin. The difference in retention was attributed to different flow through the resin associated with the method of resin emplacement. RP SCHNABEL, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,117 RES OFF BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 9-10 BP 863 EP 879 DI 10.1080/00103629309368845 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KY285 UT WOS:A1993KY28500006 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, CW MAYLAND, HF AF ROBBINS, CW MAYLAND, HF TI CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND POTASSIUM UPTAKE BY CRESTED WHEATGRASS GROWN ON CALCAREOUS SOILS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID GRASS TETANY; FERTILIZATION; OVERCOME; FORAGE; MG AB Forage intake with potassium/(calcium + magnesium)[K/(Mg + Ca)] values in excess of 2.2 are associated with grass tetany and Mg deficiencies in ruminants. This study was conducted to determine the degree to which forage K and Mg concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios could be predicted from soil bicarbonate (HCO3) extractable phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), and saturation extract Ca, Mg, K, sodium (Na), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron spp) strains and cultivars representing four ploidy levels were grown in the greenhouse on eight calcareous soils with different saturation extract Ca, Mg, K and K/Mg ratios. The plants were harvested three times. Soil solution K/(Ca + Mg) and K/Mg ratios were the only measured soil parameters that showed a consistent correlation with plant K/(Ca + Mg) ratios. Bicarbonate extractable soil P was positively related to plant P and K uptake in the first harvest, but was not related in the second and third harvests nor was soil P related to plant Ca or Mg content. There was a tendency for the higher ploidy level entries to have higher plant K/(Ca + Mg) ratios. It was concluded that soil K/(Ca + Mg) ratios can be used to predict relative forage K/(Ca + Mg) ratios for grasses grown under similar conditions. RP ROBBINS, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 9-10 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1080/00103629309368848 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KY285 UT WOS:A1993KY28500009 ER PT J AU PAVAN, MA WUTSCHER, HK AF PAVAN, MA WUTSCHER, HK TI ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS AT THE SURFACE OF ROOTS OF BLIGHT-AFFECTED ORANGE TREES SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CITRUS BLIGHT; RHIZOSPHERE; PROTEINS; WOOD; PH AB Soil pH and the levels of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the soil at the root surface and the surrounding soil were compared under healthy and citrus blight-affected orange trees at two locations. The feeder roots were also analyzed for these elements. Potassium, Ca, and Mg were highest in the rhizosphere of blighted trees, with some, but lower accumulation around healthy roots. Potassium was higher and Fe, Mn, and Zn were lower in feeder roots of blighted than of healthy trees. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803. IAPAR,BR-86001 LONDRINA,PARANA,BRAZIL. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 9-10 BP 979 EP 987 DI 10.1080/00103629309368854 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KY285 UT WOS:A1993KY28500015 ER PT J AU WILLIS, RB SCHWAB, GJ GENTRY, CE AF WILLIS, RB SCHWAB, GJ GENTRY, CE TI ELIMINATION OF INTERFERENCES IN THE COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF AMMONIUM IN WATER AND SOIL EXTRACTS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID KJELDAHL NITROGEN; BERTHELOT AB The manual method for analyzing ammonium (NH4) in water and 1 M potassium chloride soil extracts using the Berthelot reaction was studied with the goal of eliminating interferences from commonly found ions. Three complexing agents at varying concentrations were evaluated. A 12% solution of sodium citrate was found to eliminate normal interferences in soil extracts and natural waters and was chosen as being the best of the three. Using sodium citrate as one component of the method, each component or parameter of the method was studied to be sure the maximum sensitivity was achieved. C1 BEREA COLL,BEREA,KY 40404. RP WILLIS, RB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 9-10 BP 1009 EP 1019 DI 10.1080/00103629309368857 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KY285 UT WOS:A1993KY28500018 ER PT J AU HUNT, PG MATHENY, TA AF HUNT, PG MATHENY, TA TI DRY-MATTER AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATIONS IN DETERMINATE SOYBEAN GROWN ON LOW-NITROGEN SOILS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZATION AB Reliable assessments of erosion potential, N fertilization need, and nitrogen (N) non-point pollution potential for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems require accurate estimates of soybean dry matter and N accumulations. The objective of this field study was to determine dry matter and N accumulation in soybean during the growing season and at harvest in samples large enough to reduce sample variation and increase the confidence in measured values. A split-plot design was used with cultivar (Braxton, Coker 338, and Davis) as the main plot treatment and sampling date as the split-plot treatment. Each split-plot contained eight rows 4.6 m in length on 0.75 m spacing. The seed were sown in a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) on May 18 at the rate of 33 seeds/m. Water was applied by use of an overhead irrigation gun. Plant samples were collected from 20 m2 of the six center rows on 89, 115, and 138 days after planting as well as at seed harvest. Fallen plant material (crop litter) was collected from each plot at each sampling date. Intact plant samples, crop litter, and soil samples were analyzed for total Kjeldahl N. The mean seed yield was 2.01 Mg/ha; the mean maximum dry matter accumulation for intact shoots plus crop litter was 10.2 Mg/ha, and the coefficients of variation were <10%. The actual harvest index (seed yield/total dry matter accumulation) ranged from 0.19 to 0.28, and the mean maximum N accumulation was 293 kg/ha. These accumulations are greater than those reported for indeterminate soybean grown on high-N soils in the midwestern United States, and they clearly show that determinate soybean grown in the southeastern United States accumulate substantial amounts of dry matter and N. RP HUNT, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 11-12 BP 1271 EP 1280 DI 10.1080/00103629309368875 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA LJ160 UT WOS:A1993LJ16000013 ER PT J AU PIERZYNSKI, GM VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE AF PIERZYNSKI, GM VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE TI UREA NITRICPHOSPHATE FOR COOL-SEASON GRASS PRODUCTION SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; TALL FESCUE; FERTILIZER; PHOSPHATES; SOILS AB Significant losses of nitrogen (N) can occur via volatilization of ammonia (NH3) when non-incorporated broadcast applications of urea or urea-containing fertilizers are made. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of urea nitricphosphate (UNP) as an N and phosphorus (P) source for cool-season grasses and to evaluate NH3 volatilization potential of UNP as compared to urea under laboratory conditions. A three-year field study compared UNP to ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea at 56 and 112 kg N/ha for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.). Brome yields were significantly higher from UNP as compared to urea for one of the three years. No such differences occurred with fescue. Nitrogen uptake was significantly higher from UNP as compared to urea for one year each for brome and fescue. Phosphorus uptake by brome was significantly higher from UNP as compared to urea for two years. Laboratory incubation studies showed significantly lower NH3 volatilization from UNP than from urea after seven days, but no significant differences after 14 days. The delay in NH3 volatilization was due to the diffusion and subsequent hydrolysis of urea immediately below the soil zone initially influenced by the UNP. The reduction in NH3 volatilization at the early time could partially be attributed to an inhibition of urea hydrolysis and significantly lower soil pH values for UNP as compared to urea in the upper 30 mm of soil cores. The general conclusion from the field and laboratory work was that UNP is a suitable N source for cool-season grasses, with the primary potential benefit being delayed NH3 volatilization as compared to urea. C1 USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80720. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP PIERZYNSKI, GM (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 13-14 BP 1665 EP 1681 DI 10.1080/00103629309368907 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA LQ162 UT WOS:A1993LQ16200018 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AR SHOUSE, PJ RECHEL, EA AF MITCHELL, AR SHOUSE, PJ RECHEL, EA TI USING ACETIC-ACID TO WASH ROOTS FROM CALCAREOUS SOIL SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Washing clay soil from roots is difficult, time consuming, and potentially destructive to roots. The objective of this study was to test a procedure using acetic acid to wash roots from calcareous clay soil. Three concentrations of acetic acid and water were tested on cores in the laboratory with the highest concentration (2.5M) found to be the most effective. The most concentrated acetic acid solution was used with favorable results in the trench-profile method of root counting in the field. There was no damage to roots by the acid in any treatment. C1 USDA ARS,US SALINITY LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. MESA STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL,GRAND JCT,CO 81501. RP MITCHELL, AR (reprint author), CENT OREGON AGR RES CTR,850 DOGWOOD LANE,MADRAS,OR 97741, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 15-16 BP 1845 EP 1848 DI 10.1080/00103629309368922 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA LV737 UT WOS:A1993LV73700007 ER PT J AU WUTSCHER, HK PERKINS, RE AF WUTSCHER, HK PERKINS, RE TI ACID EXTRACTABLE RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN FLORIDA CITRUS SOILS AND TREES SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB To determine the levels of elements not usually included in soil analyses, aqua regia extracts from 10 soils in eight locations throughout the Florida citrus belt were analyzed for 14 rare earth elements (lanthanides), scandium, and yttrium with an ICP spectrophotometer. Leaves, bark, wood, and roots of citrus trees growing at two of the sampling locations, a fertilizer (14% N-1.7% P-11.6%K); and a dolomite sample were also analyzed. Scandium(Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), and holmium (Ho) were found in the soil samples in amounts above detection limits varying from 0.002 to 0.017 mg/L. Cerium, La, and Nd were the elements present in the largest amounts. The levels showed no particular regional pattern and a great amount of variability, even between adjacent sites at the same location. A soil with a relatively high organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (Hallandale soil at Indiantown in South Florida) had by far the highest rare earth content. Lanthanide levels in the citrus tree tissues correlated with soil content, with the highest levels in the feeder roots (range 4.6 to 585. 1 mug/g). The fertilizer analyzed contained little, but dolomite appreciable amounts or Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, and Dy. C1 THREE M CO,CORP RES LABS,ST PAUL,MN 55144. RP WUTSCHER, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 15-16 BP 2059 EP 2068 DI 10.1080/00103629309368936 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA LV737 UT WOS:A1993LV73700021 ER PT J AU WUTSCHER, HK MCCOLLUM, TG AF WUTSCHER, HK MCCOLLUM, TG TI RAPID, OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT OF SOIL COLOR WITH A TRISTIMULUS COLORIMETER SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The color of 1 00 soil samples collected in Florida and Brazil was measured conventionally with Munsell color charts and with a tristimulus colorimeter (Minolta Chroma Meter 200) progammed to record reflected color in Munsell notation.The instrument-derived color readings were highly reproducible and more precise than the visual determinations. It appears that the Chroma Meter 200, an instrument usually used for fruit and juice color measurement, can be used to get objective soil color measurements, free of individual color perception differences, and with better interpolated values. RP WUTSCHER, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 17-18 BP 2165 EP 2169 DI 10.1080/00103629309368945 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MC145 UT WOS:A1993MC14500004 ER PT J AU ORI, LV AMACHER, MC SEDBERRY, JE AF ORI, LV AMACHER, MC SEDBERRY, JE TI SURVEY OF THE TOTAL ARSENIC CONTENT IN SOILS IN LOUISIANA SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SORPTION AB Arsenic (As) is a widely distributed soil contaminant because of past use of As-containing pesticides. The total As content of representative soils used for agriculture in the major soil areas of Louisiana was determined. The As content of > 450 samples ranged from near zero to 73 mg/kg with a mean of 23.2 mg/kg. Generally, alluvial soils of the Red and Mississippi Rivers Valleys had the highest As contents, while the Ouachita River alluvial soils had the lowest As contents. In general, As levels increased or remained about the same with increasing profile depths. Total As was significantly related to soil texture; soils with higher clay content having higher As contents. Arsenic level was weakly related to organic matter and As level was weakly inversely related to soil pH. Past widespread use of As-containing pesticides did not appear to have substantially increased the As content of agricultural soils in Louisiana. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP ORI, LV (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 17-18 BP 2321 EP 2332 DI 10.1080/00103629309368958 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MC145 UT WOS:A1993MC14500017 ER PT J AU GLAUBIG, R POTH, M AF GLAUBIG, R POTH, M TI A METHOD FOR TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DETERMINATIONS IN NITRIC-PERCHLORIC DIGESTS OF PINE NEEDLES AND ROOTS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB A 2:1 nitric/perchloric acid plant digest was developed and tested as a replacement of the standard Kjeldahl digest for determining phosphorus concentrations in Pinus ponderosa Laws. needles and roots. Time sequence studies using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) pine standard reference material (SRM #1575) showed increased recovery of phosphorus as digest time increased from 1.5 to 16 hours. Digest intervals greater than 16 hours did not increase phosphorus recovery; the phosphorus concentration leveled off within the NIST reference material certified range. Using P ponderosa needle and root samples, a linear regression comparison determined that two sets of nitric/perchloric digests yielded 3.4% higher phosphorus concentrations than the Kjeldahl digest. However, 99 sets of nitric/perchloric digests, each containing two NIST standard reference materials (SRM), yielded an approximately normal distribution of phosphorus concentrations, all agreeing with the Kjeldahl established concentration and within the NIST SRM certified range. The 3.4% difference in phosphorus concentrations was consistant with the observed variability among sets. In conjunction with new elemental combustion methods for determining plant nitrogen, the nitric/perchloric digest can replace a Kjeldahl digest for determining plant phosphorus while determining additional plant cations not available using a Kjeldahl digest method. RP GLAUBIG, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 17-18 BP 2469 EP 2477 DI 10.1080/00103629309368968 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MC145 UT WOS:A1993MC14500027 ER PT J AU BLACKMER, TM SCHEPERS, JS VIGIL, MF AF BLACKMER, TM SCHEPERS, JS VIGIL, MF TI CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS IN CORN AS AFFECTED BY PLANT SPACING SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SENESCENCE; YIELD AB Heightened environmental consciousness has increased the perceived need to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency by crops. Synchronizing fertilizer N availability with maximum crop N uptake has been proposed as a way to improve N-use efficiency and protect ground water quality. Chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD 502) have the potential to conveniently evaluate the N status of com (Zea mays L.) and help improve N management. A potential problem with the use of chlorophyll meters is the effect of within-row plant spacing on meter reading variability. Chlorophyll meter readings and leaf N concentration of irrigated corn at anthesis and grain yield at harvest were measured on plants grouped into eight within-row plant spacing categories. Leaf N concentration was not affected by plant spacings, but chlorophyll meter readings and grain yield per plant increased as plant competition decreased and N fertilizer rate increased. These data indicate that avoiding plants having extreme spacings can greatly increase precision when using chlorophyll meters to evaluate the N status of corn. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR,AGR RES SERV,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80720. RP BLACKMER, TM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 17-18 BP 2507 EP 2516 DI 10.1080/00103629309368971 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MC145 UT WOS:A1993MC14500030 ER PT J AU VANREMORTEL, RD SHIELDS, DA AF VANREMORTEL, RD SHIELDS, DA TI COMPARISON OF CLOD AND CORE METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOIL BULK-DENSITY SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SAMPLER AB An interagency forest monitoring program has been initiated on a systematic network of forested plots often accessible only by foot traffic along a compass line. Extensive site classification and physiochemistry data are being collected for vegetation and soil indicators of forest health. In order to select a suitable technique for obtaining an estimate of mineral soil bulk density, conventional clod and core methods were compared across a wide range of forest soils within the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia. Replicate soil clods and cores were collected from two to four horizons within each of six pedons representing different soil series. Following analysis, the sample data were used to evaluate main and interaction effects due to differences in the method, series, horizon, and texture effects. Differences between the clod and core data were highly significant on average (P < 0.001) as were all of the main effects. Both methods exhibited high precision (average CV < 5%) within the individual horizons sampled. The two data sets were highly correlated (r = 0.98), and the regression equation used to predict clod bulk density with data from the core method is: Clod BD = (1.011 x Core BD) + 0.068; standard errors of +/-0.042 and +/-0.048 for the slope and intercept, respectively. From an operational standpoint, the core method appears to have many advantages over the clod method for sampling in remote locations. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CENTREVILLE,MD 21617. RP VANREMORTEL, RD (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO,980 KELLY JOHNSON DR,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 17-18 BP 2517 EP 2528 DI 10.1080/00103629309368972 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MC145 UT WOS:A1993MC14500031 ER PT J AU RONAGHI, A SOLTANPOUR, PN MOSIER, AR AF RONAGHI, A SOLTANPOUR, PN MOSIER, AR TI NITRAPYRIN EFFECT ON CORN N-15 UPTAKE EFFICIENCY, DENITRIFICATION AND NITRATE LEACHING SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; NITROGEN; NITRIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTS; IOWA AB The effect of nitrapyrin on the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to soil needs further investigation. Our objective was to determine the effect of nitrapyrin under two different leaching regimes on the fate of ammonium sulfate-nitrogen [(NH4)2SO4-N] added to the soil, namely corn N uptake, denitrification, nitrate leaching and soil residual N. A Nunn sandy clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, aridic, argiustoll), low in residual inorganic N was used. Nitrogen-15 enriched (NH4)2SO4 (5 atom% N-15) was applied at five rates (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), nitrapyrin at three rates 0, 1.3, and 2.6 mu L/kg (0, 2.36, and 4.72 L/ha) and leaching at two rates (0 and 1000 mL over field capacity in two 500-mL increments at 3 and 6 weeks after planting) in a complete factorial arrangement with three replications. Corn (Zea mays L.) seeds were planted in pots (2 kg soil/pot) and allowed to grow for 80 days in a greenhouse. The atom% N-15 values were determined in plant tops, leachates and soil samples using a mass spectrometer. The results showed that N fertilizer increased dry matter production, plant N concentration, leaching of nitrates and denitrification significantly. The effect of nitrapyrin on yield was not statistically significant, but, it at a rate equivalent to 4.72 L/ha reduced denitrification and nitrate (NO3) leaching and increased N uptake efficiency. Application of 4.72 L/ha of nitrapyrin versus control showed the following results respectively, N uptake: 46.3 versus 39.6%, denitrification: 26.3 versus 35.3% and NO3 leaching: 2.7 vesus 6.7% of fertilizer N-15. Nitrapyrin increased soil residual fertilizer N-15 in organic matter and roots. The result of this study show that application of nitrapyrin at an adequate rate decreases denitrification and NO3 leaching and increases N uptake efficiency. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLORADO AGR EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. RP RONAGHI, A (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 19-20 BP 2629 EP 2639 DI 10.1080/00103629309368983 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MM346 UT WOS:A1993MM34600009 ER PT J AU BURGOA, B HUBBARD, RK WAUCHOPE, RD DAVISCARTER, JG AF BURGOA, B HUBBARD, RK WAUCHOPE, RD DAVISCARTER, JG TI SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND LEACHING LOSSES OF BROMIDE AND PHOSPHATE USING TILTED BEDS AND SIMULATED RAINFALL SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT; SPLASH DETACHMENT; EROSION; MOVEMENT AB Small beds packed with soil were used to study intertill soil erosion and chemical transport processes. We compared the partitioning of bromide and phosphate between runoff and leaching, and related sediments rates (g/min) to bromide and phosphate concentrations in the runoff. Stainless steel tilted beds (1.0 x 0.5 x 0.1 m) with 2% slope were equipped with leaching and surface runoff collection funnels. A Tifton loamy sand was hand-packed in the beds to a bulk density of 1.7 Mg/m(3). Chemicals were sprayed uniformly to the soil surface and followed by a 2 h, 10 cm simulated rainfall. Runoff and leaching started after 27 min of rainfall and remained constant. Change in sediment rate, and bromide and phosphate concentrations from the first to the second runoff sample was related to splash transport. Breakthrough curves for leaching of bromide and phosphate were different and related to their affinity for the soil particle surfaces. This experimental technique may be useful for estimation of pesticide and fertilizer losses from interrill areas. C1 USDA,NWCRU,TIFTON,GA 31793. RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 19-20 BP 2689 EP 2699 DI 10.1080/00103629309368988 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MM346 UT WOS:A1993MM34600014 ER PT B AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR BE Doyama, M Kihara, J Tanaka, M Yamamoto, R TI A LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION SO COMPUTER AIDED INNOVATION OF NEW MATERIALS II, PTS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Computer Applications to Materials and Molecular Science and Engineering - CAMSE 92 CY SEP 22-25, 1992 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN LTD, ATOM ENERGY SOC JAPAN, CATALYSIS SOC JAPAN, CHEM & BIOL INFORMAT ASSOC, JAPAN ASSOC ZEOLITE, JAPAN CHEM IND ASSOC, JAPAN SOC IND & APPL MATH, JAPAN SOC SIMULAT TECHNOL UNION JAPANESE SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, JAPAN SOC HIGH PRESSURE SCI & TECHNOL, JAPAN WELDING SOC, ASSOC PROGRESS NEW CHEM, CERAM SOC JAPAN, CHEM SOC JAPAN, INST ELECTR INFORMAT & COMMUN ENGINEERS, IRON & STEEL INST JAPAN, JAPANESE BIOCH SOC, JAPANESE SOC NON DESTRUCT INSPECT, JAPAN FOUNDRYMENS SOC, JAPAN INST LIGHT MET, JAPAN INST MET, JAPAN PETR INST, JAPAN SOC AERONAUT & SPACE SCI, JAPAN SOC ANAL CHEM, JAPAN SOC TECHNOL PLASTIC, JAPAN SOC APPL PHYS, JAPAN SOC MECH ENGINEERS, PHYS SOC JAPAN, PROTEIN ENGN SOC JAPAN, SOC CHEM ENGINEERS JAPAN, SOC MAT SCI JAPAN, SOC POLYM SCI JAPAN, SOC SYNTH ORGAN CHEM JAPAN, SURFACE FINISHING SOC JAPAN C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89778-X PY 1993 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Materials Science GA BZ56G UT WOS:A1993BZ56G00002 ER PT B AU SURRENCY, D AF SURRENCY, D BE Moshiri, GA TI EVALUATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS FOR CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS SO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pensacola Conference: Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement CY OCT 21-24, 1991 CL UNIV W FLORIDA, PENSACOLA, FL SP UNIV W FLORIDA, WETLANDS RES LAB, UNIV W FLORIDA, INST COASTAL & ESTUARINE RES HO UNIV W FLORIDA C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-550-0 PY 1993 BP 349 EP 357 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BA34J UT WOS:A1993BA34J00036 ER PT J AU WUBAH, DA AKIN, DE BORNEMAN, WS AF WUBAH, DA AKIN, DE BORNEMAN, WS TI BIOLOGY, FIBER-DEGRADATION, AND ENZYMOLOGY OF ANAEROBIC ZOOSPORIC FUNGI SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ANAEROBIC; RUMEN FUNGI; ZOOSPORIC FUNGI; FUNGI; ENZYMES; FIBER DEGRADATION; LIGNOCELLULOSE; GUT FUNGI; CHYTRIDIOMYCETES ID PHYCOMYCETE NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; PARA-COUMAROYL ESTERASE; RUMEN FUNGUS; PIROMONAS-COMMUNIS; SP-NOV; SPHAEROMONAS-COMMUNIS; RUMINAL FUNGI; CELL-WALLS; CHYTRIDIOMYCETE FUNGI; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE AB Anaerobic zoospore-producing fungi that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of herbivores, especially ruminants, have recently been discovered. These fungi have been isolated from the rumen, hind gut, and the feces of ruminants. Thirteen species, belonging to five genera, of these fungi have been assigned to the class Chytridiomycetes. These species are classified according to the number of flagella on the zoospores and the types of thalli that develop from the zoospores. Their life cycle consists of a zoospore that encysts and develops into a vegetative thallus with zoosporangia, which at times become resting sporangia. These fungi produce a wide range of active hydrolytic enzymes, notably cellulases and xylanases, that provide them with the potential to degrade die major structural polysaccharides in plant cell walls. Their cellulases are among the most active reported to date and solubilize both amorphous and highly ordered cellulose. Their esterases are active against both feruloyl and p-coumaroyl arabinoxylans, which provides an advantage in degrading poorly biodegradable cell walls. They degrade lignin-containing cell walls, but do not metabolize the lignin moiety. Rhizoids of vegetative thalli penetrate cell walls, and they are better able than bacteria or protozoa to attack recalcitrant tissues and weaken the textural strength of plant material. C1 USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. MERCK & CO INC, BIOTECHNOL SECT, ELKTON, VA 22827 USA. RP WUBAH, DA (reprint author), TOWSON STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21204 USA. NR 118 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.3109/10408419309113525 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LH565 UT WOS:A1993LH56500003 PM 7687843 ER PT J AU BURTON, JW CARVER, BF AF BURTON, JW CARVER, BF TI SELECTION AMONG S(1) FAMILIES VS SELFED HALF-SIB OR FULL-SIB FAMILIES IN AUTOGAMOUS CROPS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC MALE-STERILITY; RECURRENT SELECTION; SOYBEANS; PROTEIN; SCHEMES; YIELD AB In autogamous crops, half- and full-sib families are routinely generated in various systems of intermating. Usually, these families have not been used as units of selection, due to low expected gains relative to other selection units (e.g., S1 families). The use of selfed half- (SHS) or full-sib (SFS) families, and differences in phenotypic variance between these and S1 families, might reduce the difference in expected gains between the selection methods. Our primary objective was to predict the expected gain from selection on each family unit, based on a genetic model with additive and homozygous dominance effects. A second objective was to empirically estimate phenotypic variances among SHS, SFS, and S, families derived from random-mating populations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and use those estimates to compare expected gains. Estimates of phenotypic variance for yield of SFS wheat families (o(SFS)2) were small compared with estimates for S1 families (o(S1)2) due to smaller error variances. Phenotypic variances of SHS soybean families (o(SHS)2) tended to be smaller than those of S1 families for seed yield and size but not for seed protein and oil concentrations. As with the wheat populations, error variances tended to be smaller for SHS families. The expected relative efficiencies of S1 family selection vs. SFS or SHS family selection are 1.14 (sigma(SFS)/sigma(S1)) in wheat and 2.29 (sigma(SHS)/sigma(S1)) in soybean. Substituting phenotypic standard deviations into each formula resulted in no consistent advantage to using S1 family selection with the exception of seed protein and oil in soybean. In conclusion, selection among SHS or SFS families should be of greatest benefit for productivity traits that require larger seed quantities for testing. These selection units allow larger plot sizes and/or increased replications, thereby improving the precision of entry-mean estimates and reducing phenotypic variance. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500002 ER PT J AU VOGEL, KP REECE, PE NICHOLS, JT AF VOGEL, KP REECE, PE NICHOLS, JT TI GENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION EFFECTS ON FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS IN SWARDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Genetic differences among cultivars or strains for specific traits can be significantly reduced or increased by differential genotypic responses to environments. The objective of this study was to determine the relative magnitude of genotype and genotype x environment interaction effects, which are due to differential responses, on forage yield and quality of intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] when grown in seeded swards in the central Great Plains. Thirty-four strains (genotypes), which included cultivars, experimental strains, and PI lines, were grown in replicated trials at Mead, North Platte, and Alliance, NE. The three sites differed markedly in precipitation and length of growing season. There were significant differences among strains for all evaluated traits. Genotype x location and genotype x year interaction effects were not significant for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), indicating that this trait is quite stable across environments. Genotype x location interaction effects were significant for forage yield and protein concentration; genotype X year effects were significant for forage yield. Spearman rank correlations, used to test for consistency of ranking of the strains across environments, were high and significant for IVDMD, but were low and usually not significant for forage yield. Improving IVDMD should be emphasized in intermediate wheatgrass breeding programs, since there is substantial genetic variation for IVDMD, it is stable across environments, and it can improve livestock production per hectare. C1 PANHANDLE RES & EXTENS CTR,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE 69361. W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP VOGEL, KP (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,332 KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500004 ER PT J AU KEERATINIJAKAL, V LAMKEY, KR AF KEERATINIJAKAL, V LAMKEY, KR TI RESPONSES TO RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION IN BSSS AND BSCB1 MAIZE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Improvement of germplasm as a parental source for developing inbreds has been an important part of most maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs. Reciprocal recurrent selection is a cyclical breeding procedure designed to improve the interpopulation cross of two base populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect responses of 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection in the BSSS(R) (Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic) and BSCB1(R) (Iowa Corn Borer Synthethic no. 1) maize populations. The populations per se, populations per se selfed, interpopulation crosses, and interpopulation crosses selfed corresponding to C0, C4, C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11 of the populations were evaluated. Testcrosses of the original and advanced cycles of the populations per se with inbreds B73 and Mo17 and with BSSS(R)C0 and BSCB1(R)C0 also were evaluated in the study. Response in grain yield of the BSSS(R) x BSCB1(R) interpopulation cross was 6.95% (or 0.28 Mg ha-1) cycle-1. Grain yield of BSCB1(R) increased 1.94% (or 0.06 Mg ha-1) cycle-1, but grain yield of BSSS(R) did not change significantly. Midparent heterosis of the interpopulation cross increased from 25.44 to 76.04% from C0 to C11. Inbreeding depression in the population crosses increased from 1.01 to 2.32 Mg ha-1 after 11 cycles of selection. The frequency of heterozygotes for grain yield in the population crosses seems to have increased with cycles of selection. Testcrosses to the C0 populations and the inbreds showed linear increases in grain yield, indicating that selection improved general and specific combining ability of the populations. Selection was effective in reducing root and stalk lodging. No changes in grain moisture were observed. Changes in other agronomic traits were in the desired direction. C1 KASETSART UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT AGRON,BANGKOK 10903,THAILAND. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 15 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500012 ER PT J AU KEERATINIJAKAL, V LAMKEY, KR AF KEERATINIJAKAL, V LAMKEY, KR TI GENETIC-EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION IN BSSS AND BSCB1 MAIZE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPOPULATION SELECTION; HALF-SIB; INTRAPOPULATION AB Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) was designed to capitalize on both additive and nonadditive genetic effects for improvement of the cross between two populations by complementary changes in allelic frequencies between populations. Eleven cycles of RRS have been completed in the lowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and lowa Corn Borer Synthetic No. 1 (BSCB1) maize (Zea mays L.) populations. The objectives of this study were to partition the response to selection into that due to additive and dominance genetic effects and to evaluate the effects of genetic drift. A population diallel of the C0, C4, C7, C9, and C11 cycles of BSSS(R) and BSCB1(R) and the C8 and C10 interpopulation crosses of BSSS(R) and BSCB1(R) were evaluated. The populations per se selfed and interpopulation crosses selfed of the C0, C4, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11 cycles also were included in the study. The study was evaluated at four locations in 1988 and three locations in 1989. The response of the interpopulation cross for grain yield was 0.28 +/- 0.04 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 and was primarily due to dominance effects. Responses in the populations per se, adjusted for the effects of genetic drift, were similar to the direct effects in the interpopulation cross. Improvement in BSSS(R) was due to both additive and dominance effects, but only dominance effects were important in BSCB1(R). The results showed that selection response occurred at loci with alleles with partial to complete dominance with no evidence for overdominant alleles contributing to selection response. There were no significant changes in grain moisture, and the responses for root and stalk lodging were in the desired direction. It is concluded that RRS was effective for improving the interpopulation cross and inbreeding depression from genetic drift limited the observed response in the populations per se. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. KASETSART UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT AGRON,BANGKOK 10903,THAILAND. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500013 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR NICKELL, AD CAVINS, JF AF WILCOX, JR NICKELL, AD CAVINS, JF TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE FAN ALLELE AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; OIL; MUTANT AB Normal levels of linolenic acid (70-80 g kg-1) in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] oil adversely affect oil flavor and stability. The mutation-induced line C1640 has half the normal level of linolenic acid (37 g kg-1), but is 24% lower yielding than 'Century', from which it was selected. This study was conducted to determine if there are genetic relationships between agronomic traits and the fan allele for low linolenic acid identified in C1640. Century and 'Harper', both with the FanFan alleles for normal 18:3, were crossed with C1640 containing the fanfan alleles for low 18:3. Both FanFan and fanfan segregates from the two crosses were evaluated for agronomic traits and linolenic acid in replicated tests over a 2-yr period on a Chalmers soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center near West Lafayette, IN. The fanfan segregates in the Century x C1640 cross averaged slightly higher in seed yield and taller in plant height than the FanFan segregates. In the Harper x C1640 cross,fanfan segregates averaged 1 d later in maturity than FanFan segregates. Mean values for FanFan and fanfan segregates for other traits in both crosses were essentially the same. These data indicate that there are no associations between the fanfan alleles and those agronomic traits needed in commercial soybean cultivars with low levels of linolenic acid. Apparently the low yield of C1640 is controlled by genetic changes independent of the mutation for low 18:3. Regression of linolenic acid level on maturity dates for both FanFan and fanfan segregates in the Harper x C1640 cross show that segregates of both genotypes tended to have increased linolenic acid at later maturity dates. This could be attributed to the cooler temperatures during seed maturation to which the later maturing segregates were exposed. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500015 ER PT J AU SCHNICKER, BJ LAMKEY, KR AF SCHNICKER, BJ LAMKEY, KR TI INTERPOPULATION GENETIC VARIANCE AFTER RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION IN BSSS AND BSCB1 MAIZE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIB SELECTION; HERITABILITY AB Reciprocal recurrent selection is a breeding procedure designed to improve two populations simultaneously by selecting for performance in the interpopulation cross. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 11 cycles of selection on the mean, genetic variance, and correlations among traits in the interpopulation cross of the lowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and lowa Corn Borer Synthetic no. 1 (BSCB1) maize (Zea mays L.) populations. One hundred reciprocal full-sib families from Cycle 0, Cycle 5, and Cycle 11 of the interpopulation cross between BSSS and BSCB1 were evaluated at two locations in 1989 and three locations in 1990. Grain yield increased 0.25 Mg ha-1 per cycle (6.46%) after 11 cycles of selection, grain moisture increased 0.85 g kg-1 per cycle, root lodging decreased 0.23%, and stalk lodging decreased 1.64% (all changes significant at P = 0.01). Estimates of genetic variance for all traits were significantly different from zero, except for root lodging in Cycle 11. Genetic variance for grain yield decreased after 11 cycles of selection, although the differences among cycles were not significant. Root lodging, stalk lodging, anthesis date, and silking date had significant decreases in genetic variance after 11 cycles of selection. Changes in heritability generally paralleled changes in genetic variance. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were seemingly unchanged across cycles of selection. The results indicate that reciprocal recurrent selection has been effective in increasing the mean performance of the population cross while maintaining genetic variance. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. CORNNUTS INC,URBANA,OH 43078. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500016 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ AF WILLIAMS, MJ TI PLANTING DATE AND PREPLANT TILLAGE EFFECTS ON EMERGENCE AND SURVIVAL OF RHIZOMA PERENNIAL PEANUT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; FLORIGRAZE AB Poor stand establishment has limited use of rhizoma perennial pea. nut, Arachis glabratta Benth. The effect of preplant tillage (plowed-bottom plowed and disked, disked-disked only, and sod-planted directly into grass sod) and planting date (winter, 17 Feb. 1988 and 31 Jan. 1989; summer, 22 July 1988 and 21 July 1989) on rhizoma peanut sprout emergence and survival was determined in a Florida study. Total number of sprouts per square meter, time to first and last sprout emergence, time to first and last sprout death, percent of sprouts that died, and number of live sprouts per square meter were evaluated for 2 yr. Additionally, spread of rhizoma peanut from original rows was determined for all plots 8 mo after the second summer planting. Time to first sprout emergence ranged from 2 to 5 wk post planting with winter plantings (5.1 wk) emerging slower (P = 0.0001) than summer (3.1 wk). Time to first sprout emergence was shorter (P = 0.0003) for plowed (3.7 wk) than disked (4.4 wk) or sod (4.3 wk) treatments. Sprouting had declined to essentially zero by 6 to 7 wk after first-sprout emergence, regardless of preplant tillage, planting date, or year. General ranking for total emergence was plowed > disked = sod (P = 0.0001) and winter > summer (P = 0.04). Death losses of emerged sprouts ranged between 21.4 and 93.3% and were not affected (P > 0.05) by preplant tillage. Summer plantings (43.1%) had lower (P = 0.007) death losses than winter plantings (58.8%), but this better survival did not compensate for lower number of sprouts emerging in summer plantings. Differences in initial sprout population were reflected in spread differences (P = 0.002) even as long as 2 yr post planting. This study indicates that the recommendation for establishing rhizoma peanut stands in well-prepared fields during the winter should be continued. RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500024 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, MD HOVELAND, CS BACON, CW AF RICHARDSON, MD HOVELAND, CS BACON, CW TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE OF SYMBIOTIC AND NONSYMBIOTIC TALL FESCUE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; WATER-STRESS; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; GROWTH; OSMOREGULATION; RESPONSES; PLANTS AB Desirable and undesirable agronomic characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) have been attributed to infection by a nonpathogenic fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams, section Alba-lanosa). It has been suggested that stomatal control of water loss is more closely regulated in symbiotic than nonsymbiotic tall fescue, a feature that may improve drought resistance. A greenhouse experiment was designed to study apparent photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and leaf water potential in two genotypes of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic tall fescue grown in polyethylene glycol solutions of -0.1, -0.3, -0.7, and -1.0 MPa water potential. Symbiotic plants of one genotype (CB1) had slightly higher photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration at intermediate levels of water stress than nonsymbiotic plants. Gas exchange of the second genotype (DN7) may have been affected by endophyte infection, as photosynthetic rates of symbiotic plants grown at -1.0 MPa were slightly higher than nonsymbiotic plants. The increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in genotype CB1 were apparently the result of turgor maintenance in mature leaves of symbiotic plants. At moderate and low water potential, leaves of symbiotic plants had a greater turgor potential than nonsymbiotic plants. These data suggest that the endophyte of genotype CB1 does not enhance stomatal closure under water deficit stress, but induces a more favorable turgor pressure in mature leaves, which may lead to greater photosynthesis at lower water potentials. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500026 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RC AF JOHNSON, RC TI CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, WATER RELATIONS, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN TALL FESCUE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; WHEAT; GENOTYPES; PLANT AB Carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA) shows promise for estimating water-use efficiency (WUE) in crop species. Research was undertaken to examine DELTA and water relations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) accessions and to determine if low DELTA is associated with high gas exchange WUE as predicted by theory. The accession PI 438522 had lower DELTA than the accession PI 231522 in both a dryland and an irrigated field environment and at two sampling dates. Correlations among DELTA, water potential, solute potential, and turgor pressure were not significant under irrigation. Under dryland conditions, correlations among these factors were generally significant and positive for PI 438522, but not significant for PI 231561. In a greenhouse experiment, plants selected for low DELTA from the irrigated field environment had lower DELTA and internal leaf [CO2] (C(i)), and a higher ratio of CO2 assimilation rate (A) to transpiration than high-DELTA selections. This was true for both well-watered plants and plants stressed with a -0.38 MPa polyethylene glycol solution. Stomatal conductance and A were positively correlated with DELTA, suggesting that lower stomatal conductance was a factor leading to lower C(i) and DELTA. The results suggest that associations between water relations and DELTA vary depending on accession and environment, but selecting tall fescue plants for low DELTA does identify genotypes with low C(i) and high WUE. Using DELTA for germplasm enhancement of WUE in tall fescue appears promising. RP JOHNSON, RC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM RES & TESTING UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500030 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JA LECAIN, DR MCCAIG, TN QUICK, JS AF MORGAN, JA LECAIN, DR MCCAIG, TN QUICK, JS TI GAS-EXCHANGE, CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, AND PRODUCTIVITY IN WINTER-WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CROP PRODUCTION; PLANT; YIELD; CONDUCTANCE AB Leaf gas exchange theory indicates that carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA) is negatively associated with CER/g(s) (leaf CO2 exchange rate/conductance). Discovery of genetic variation for DELTA in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other species has generated interest in using carbon isotope discrimination in plant breeding. However, the hypothesized negative association between CER/g(s) and DELTA has sometimes not been observed in field-grown crops. In the present study, CER/g(s), DELTA of peduncle tissue, plant productivity and yield were examined in eight winter wheat genotypes under both irrigated and nonirrigated field conditions. Water stress- and genotype-induced variations in CER/g(s) were more consistently correlated with variations in g(s) than with CER. However, low CER in 'Bezostaya' wheat resulted in a consistently low genotypic ranking for CER/g(s). In 1988, values of CER/g(s) increased with water stress, while DELTA values dropped from 18.17 to 17.48 parts per thousand. These results imply a negative relationship between CER/g. and DELTA, consistent with leaf gas exchange theory; however, DELTA was both positively (1988; r = 0.83** [P less-than-or-equal-to 0.011) and negatively (1989; r = -0.79* [P less-than-or-equal-to 0.051) associated with CER/g(s) in irrigated plots. Positive correlations were obtained between A and both biomass productivity (1988, r = 0.54*; 1989, r = 0.45 [P = 0.081) and grain yield (1988, r = 0.66*; 1989, r = 0.55*) when data were averaged across genotypes and irrigation treatments. Consistently low DELTA values were obtained for 'Sturdy, an early-released, drought-susceptible cultivar with low productivity. These results suggest that genotypic rankings for peduncle DELTA must be carefully interpreted, as low DELTA can be associated with low yield and stress susceptibility in wheat. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. AGR CANADA,RES STN,SWIFT CURRENT S9H 3X2,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP MORGAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 37 TC 99 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500032 ER PT J AU MCBLAIN, BA FIORITTO, RJ STMARTIN, SK CALIPDUBOIS, A SCHMITTHENNER, AF COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ AF MCBLAIN, BA FIORITTO, RJ STMARTIN, SK CALIPDUBOIS, A SCHMITTHENNER, AF COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ TI REGISTRATION OF ERIE SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP MCBLAIN, BA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500052 ER PT J AU TAI, PYP SHINE, JM GLAZ, B MILLER, JD DEREN, CW COMSTOCK, JC AF TAI, PYP SHINE, JM GLAZ, B MILLER, JD DEREN, CW COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-81-1384 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500055 ER PT J AU ALLAN, RE PETERSON, CJ LINE, RF RUBENTHALER, GL MORRIS, CF AF ALLAN, RE PETERSON, CJ LINE, RF RUBENTHALER, GL MORRIS, CF TI REGISTRATION OF RELY WHEAT MULTILINE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP ALLAN, RE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WHEAT GENET QUAL PHYSIOL & DIS UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500059 ER PT J AU KILEN, TC LAMBERT, L AF KILEN, TC LAMBERT, L TI REGISTRATION OF 3 GLABROUS AND 3 DENSE PUBESCENT SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINES SUSCEPTIBLE (D88-5320, D88-5295), MODERATELY RESISTANT (D88-5328, D88-5272), OR RESISTANT (D90-9216, D90-9220) TO FOLIAR-FEEDING INSECTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP KILEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500061 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK PEADEN, RN SKINNER, DZ AF SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK PEADEN, RN SKINNER, DZ TI REGISTRATION OF KS-220 MULTIPLE PEST-RESISTANT ALFALFA GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SORENSEN, EL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500065 ER PT J AU VOIGT, PW BURSON, BL AF VOIGT, PW BURSON, BL TI REGISTRATION OF TEM-SD LEHMANN LOVEGRASS GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP VOIGT, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500066 ER PT J AU YOUNG, BA TISCHLER, CR OCUMPAUGH, WR AF YOUNG, BA TISCHLER, CR OCUMPAUGH, WR TI REGISTRATION OF TEM-LD1 KLEINGRASS GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID SEED C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BEEVILLE,TX 78102. RP YOUNG, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500067 ER PT J AU FRIEBE, B GILL, BS COX, TS ZELLER, FJ AF FRIEBE, B GILL, BS COX, TS ZELLER, FJ TI REGISTRATION OF KS91WGRC14 STEM RUST AND POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT T1BL.1RS DURUM-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RYE-TRANSLOCATION C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. TECH UNIV MUNICH,INST PLANT BREEDING,W-8050 FREISING,GERMANY. RP FRIEBE, B (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500068 ER PT J AU MILLER, JF AF MILLER, JF TI REGISTRATION OF 2 REDUCED-HEIGHT (HA-378 AND HA-379) AND 2 EARLY-MATURITY (HA-380 AND RHA-381) SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP MILLER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 221 EP 221 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KT475 UT WOS:A1993KT47500070 ER PT J AU GROOM, LH AF GROOM, LH BE Groom, LH TI INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL FASTENERS PLENARY SESSION SO CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF MECHANICAL FASTENERS FOR LIGHT-FRAME WOOD STRUCTURES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Fasteners Plenary Session at the Forest Products Research Society Annual Meeting CY JUN 24, 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP FOREST PROD RES SOC, USDA FOREST SERV C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,ALEXANDRIA FORESTRY CTR,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1993 VL 92 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BA39V UT WOS:A1993BA39V00001 ER PT J AU PATTONMALLORY, M AF PATTONMALLORY, M BE Groom, LH TI DETERMINING FAILURE-MECHANISM IN BOLTED JOINTS USING ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS SO CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF MECHANICAL FASTENERS FOR LIGHT-FRAME WOOD STRUCTURES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Fasteners Plenary Session at the Forest Products Research Society Annual Meeting CY JUN 24, 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP FOREST PROD RES SOC, USDA FOREST SERV C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1993 VL 92 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BA39V UT WOS:A1993BA39V00004 ER PT J AU WOLFE, R BOHNHOFF, D AF WOLFE, R BOHNHOFF, D BE Groom, LH TI STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS OF SHEAR TRANSFER PLATE CONNECTIONS SO CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF MECHANICAL FASTENERS FOR LIGHT-FRAME WOOD STRUCTURES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHERN FOREST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Fasteners Plenary Session at the Forest Products Research Society Annual Meeting CY JUN 24, 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP FOREST PROD RES SOC, USDA FOREST SERV C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SO FOREST EXPT STN PI NEW ORLEANS PA NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 J9 USDA SO FOR PY 1993 VL 92 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BA39V UT WOS:A1993BA39V00005 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, BC PURCELL, AH AF CAMPBELL, BC PURCELL, AH TI PHYLOGENETIC AFFILIATION OF BEV, A BACTERIAL PARASITE OF THE LEAFHOPPER EUSCELIDIUS-VARIEGATUS, ON THE BASIS OF 16S RDNA SEQUENCES SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEN-NOV; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB The phylogenetic relationship of a nonflagellated, Gram-negative, rod-shaped intracellular bacterial parasite (BEV) of the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus to other bacteria within the class Proteobacteria was determined by sequence analysis of 16S rDNAs. The presence of specific signature nucleotides showed this bacterium to be a member of the gamma-3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony placed BEV within a clade in the Enterobacteriaceae, which includes a number of bacteria that are facultative symbiotes of insects and have a common ancestor with Proteus vulgaris. Within this clade, BEV is most closely related to a bacterium identified as the secondary endosymbiote of another homopteran, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENTOMOL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CAMPBELL, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF01577240 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KE283 UT WOS:A1993KE28300006 PM 7763405 ER PT J AU SINHA, N HAKE, S FREELING, M AF SINHA, N HAKE, S FREELING, M TI GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF LEAF DEVELOPMENT SO CURRENT TOPICS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, VOL 28 SE CURRENT TOPICS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CELL-LINEAGE PATTERNS; ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID; CLONAL ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HIPPURIS-VULGARIS; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; PLICATION INCEPTION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; ZINNIA-ELEGANS C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP SINHA, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 136 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0070-2153 J9 CURR TOP DEV BIOL PY 1993 VL 28 BP 47 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0070-2153(08)60209-4 PG 34 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA BZ69P UT WOS:A1993BZ69P00002 PM 8348842 ER PT J AU STUART, JJ BROWN, SJ BEEMAN, RW DENELL, RE AF STUART, JJ BROWN, SJ BEEMAN, RW DENELL, RE TI THE TRIBOLIUM HOMEOTIC GENE ABDOMINAL IS HOMOLOGOUS TO ABDOMINAL-A OF THE DROSOPHILA BITHORAX COMPLEX SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HOMEOTIC TRANSFORMATIONS; EMBRYOGENESIS; EVOLUTION ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; EXPRESSION; ANTENNAPEDIA; EMBRYOS; PROTEIN; ORGANIZATION; LOCALIZATION; MELANOGASTER; SEGMENTATION; MUTATIONS AB The Abdominal gene is a member of the single homeotic complex of the beetle, Tribolium castaneum. An integrated developmental genetic and molecular analysis shows that Abdominal is homologous to the abdominal-A gene of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. abdominal-A mutant embryos display strong homeotic transformations of the anterior abdomen (parasegments 7-9) to PS6, whereas developmental commitments in the posterior abdomen depend primarily on Abdominal-B. In beetle embryos lacking Abdominal function, parasegments throughout the abdomen are transformed to PS6. This observation demonstrates the general functional significance of parasegmental expression among insects and shows that the control of determinative decisions in the posterior abdomen by homeotic selector genes has undergone considerable evolutionary modification. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DIV BIOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, N CENT REG, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 47 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 EI 1477-9129 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD JAN PY 1993 VL 117 IS 1 BP 233 EP 243 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA KP055 UT WOS:A1993KP05500018 PM 7900986 ER PT J AU BURTON, JL ELSASSER, TH RUMSEY, TS LUNNEY, JK MCBRIDGE, BW AF BURTON, JL ELSASSER, TH RUMSEY, TS LUNNEY, JK MCBRIDGE, BW TI IMMUNE-RESPONSES OF GROWING BEEF STEERS TREATED WITH ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE IMPLANTS OR INSULIN INJECTIONS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; BOVINE; ANTIBODY; SYSTEM; CATTLE; OVALBUMIN; STEROIDS; SUBSET; CD8 AB Five Angus x Hereford steers were assigned to each of three 77-d treatments, controls (daily placebo injections), daily insulin injections (.045 mg kg-1 BW.75), or single Synovex-S ear implant (20 mg 17beta-estradiol benzoate, 200 mg progesterone), to determine whether these hormonal manipulations were immunomodulatory. All steers were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) on days 18 and 46 of the treatment period. Immune responses monitored were in vitro blastogenic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to mitogens (con A and PHA) and antigen (OVA), in vivo antibody responses to OVA, flow cytometric analysis of percentages of CD2+, CD4+, and CD8+ PBMC, and blood leukocyte counts. Insulin treatment caused elevations (P < .05) in PHA-stimulated responses of PBMC, in the magnitude of peak blastogenic response to OVA immunization, and in total leukocyte counts and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in peripheral blood. However, insulin treatment was also associated with slightly decreased (P < .05) anti-OVA antibody responses. Synovex-S increased (P < .05) spontaneous blastogenic activity of cultured PBMC, but lacked consistent effects on mitogen-stimulated activity, on leukocyte counts, and on the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in peripheral blood. Augmenting (P < .05) effects of Synovex-S on OVA-specific blastogenesis and on antibody responses were, however, consistent. Percentages of CD2+ and CD4+ PBMC, and responsiveness of PBMC to con A were not affected by treatments. In summary, this study showed statistically-significant specific immunomodulatory effects of insulin and Synovex-S in growing beef steers, but mechanisms of action and practical implications of these effects with respect to disease resistance require clarification. C1 UNIV GUELPH,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(93)90006-W PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KR924 UT WOS:A1993KR92400005 PM 8096806 ER PT B AU BONNER, FT HARRINGTON, CA AF BONNER, FT HARRINGTON, CA BE Edwards, DGW TI OVERCOMING DORMANCY IN LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) SO DORMANCY AND BARRIERS TO GERMINATION: PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IUFRO PROJECT GROUP P2.04-00 (SEED PROBLEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of IUFRO Project Group P2.04-00 (Seed Problems) CY APR 23-26, 1991 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC & YUKON REGION PI VICTORIA PA PACIFIC FORESTRY CENTRE, 506 WEST BURNSIDE RD, VICTORIA BC V8Z 1M5, CANADA BN 0-662-20777-7 PY 1993 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ63M UT WOS:A1993BZ63M00003 ER PT B AU MCCAUGHEY, WM AF MCCAUGHEY, WM BE Edwards, DGW TI DELAYED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING EMERGENCE OF PINUS-ALBICAULIS IN A HIGH-ELEVATION CLEAR-CUT IN MONTANA, USA SO DORMANCY AND BARRIERS TO GERMINATION: PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IUFRO PROJECT GROUP P2.04-00 (SEED PROBLEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of IUFRO Project Group P2.04-00 (Seed Problems) CY APR 23-26, 1991 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC & YUKON REGION PI VICTORIA PA PACIFIC FORESTRY CENTRE, 506 WEST BURNSIDE RD, VICTORIA BC V8Z 1M5, CANADA BN 0-662-20777-7 PY 1993 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ63M UT WOS:A1993BZ63M00010 ER PT B AU SHEARER, RC CARLSON, CE AF SHEARER, RC CARLSON, CE BE Edwards, DGW TI BARRIERS TO GERMINATION OF LARIX-OCCIDENTALIS AND LARIX-LYALLII SEEDS SO DORMANCY AND BARRIERS TO GERMINATION: PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IUFRO PROJECT GROUP P2.04-00 (SEED PROBLEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of IUFRO Project Group P2.04-00 (Seed Problems) CY APR 23-26, 1991 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC & YUKON REGION PI VICTORIA PA PACIFIC FORESTRY CENTRE, 506 WEST BURNSIDE RD, VICTORIA BC V8Z 1M5, CANADA BN 0-662-20777-7 PY 1993 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ63M UT WOS:A1993BZ63M00018 ER PT J AU MIZINGA, KM THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA EDWARDS, GL AF MIZINGA, KM THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA EDWARDS, GL TI NEURAL DOPAMINE-D(2) RECEPTORS IN RATS FED ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED FESCUE SEED SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; STEERS; PROLACTIN; BINDING AB To study the effect of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) on hypothalamic and striatal dopamine D2 receptors, male rats (n = 14/group) were pair-fed diets containing 50% Rat Chow and 50% either endophyte-infected (E+) or noninfected (E-) fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed for 21 days. Concentrations of ergovaline and saturated pyrrolizidines were 1.91 mug/g and 2.84 mg/g, respectively in E+, and undetectable in E- fescue seed. To monitor endophyte effects, rats were weighed weekly and serum derived from trunk blood (d 21) was analyzed for prolactin. Corpus striatum and hypothalamic tissue was assayed for dopamine D, receptors using [H-3]spiperone and [I-125]epidepride, respectively. The endophyte depressed (P < .06) serum prolactin concentrations. Average daily gain during the study (21 d) was depressed (P < .0043) in rats fed E+ compared to controls. The endophyte increased (P < .03) striatal D2 receptor affinity (K(D) = 48.70 vs 54.95 pM) with no change (P > .28) in receptor density (B(max) = 25.59 vs 28.00 pmol/mg of tissue) in E+ and E- rats, respectively. Hypothalamic D, receptor density (B(max) = 1.79 vs 1.57 pmol/mg of tissue) and affinity (K(D) = 17.5 vs 17.26 pM) were not (P > .66) different between E+ and E- rats, respectively. These data suggest changes in D2 receptor binding characteristics, particularly receptor affinity, may contribute to signs of fescue toxicosis. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP MIZINGA, KM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.3109/01480549309081822 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LQ185 UT WOS:A1993LQ18500006 PM 8404549 ER PT B AU SCHAEFER, EJ ORDOVAS, JM WILSON, PWF SALEM, DN GENEST, JJ AF SCHAEFER, EJ ORDOVAS, JM WILSON, PWF SALEM, DN GENEST, JJ BE Catapano, AL Gotto, AM Smith, LC Paoletti, R TI FAMILIAL LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM SE MEDICAL SCIENCE SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism CY 1992 CL FLORENCE, ITALY C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2232-0 J9 MED SCI SYMP SER PY 1993 VL 2 BP 365 EP 374 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BZ93F UT WOS:A1993BZ93F00043 ER PT J AU LIU, JY AF LIU, JY TI MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DESORPTION AND SORPTION SOLUTIONS SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONCENTRATION OF DIFFUSING SUBSTANCE; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; DIFFUSION EQUATION; SURFACE EMISSION COEFFICIENT ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT AB This paper presents a theoretical equation relating the dimensionless times of Newman's solutions of the diffusion equation for desorption and sorption. The derived equation provides a theoretical proof of the linear relationship between dimensionless time and the inverse of transport ratio for a given fraction of diffusing substance as observed numerically in the literature. Following the same approach proposed earlier by the writer, a theoretical expression for the diffusion coefficient is derived as a function of time and the inverse of desorption rate when the fraction of diffusing substance is 0.5. Evaluation of the diffusion coefficient from an experimental desorption curve is discussed. RP LIU, JY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1993 VL 11 IS 5 BP 961 EP 975 DI 10.1080/07373939308916878 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA LG029 UT WOS:A1993LG02900004 ER PT B AU LEONARD, KJ AF LEONARD, KJ BE Jacobs, T Parlevliet, JE TI DURABLE RESISTANCE IN THE PATHOSYSTEMS - MAIZE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHTS SO DURABILITY OF DISEASE RESISTANCE SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Durability of Disease Resistance CY FEB 24-28, 1992 CL INT AGR CTR, WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP WAGENINGEN AGR UNIV, DEPT PLANT BREEDING, CTR PLANT BREEDING & REPRODUCT RES HO INT AGR CTR C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2314-9 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1993 VL 18 BP 99 EP 114 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BZ43X UT WOS:A1993BZ43X00008 ER PT S AU THURMAN, JL AF THURMAN, JL BE Zygielbaum, A TI REPHLEX-II - AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM FOR THE ARS WATER DATA-BASE SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Space Year Conference on Earth and Space Science Information Systems CY FEB 10-13, 1992 CL PASADENA, CA C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-094-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1993 IS 283 BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BA05N UT WOS:A1993BA05N00042 ER PT J AU BOOTH, S JOHNS, T LOPEZPALACIOS, CY AF BOOTH, S JOHNS, T LOPEZPALACIOS, CY TI FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DIETARY-INTAKE OF INDIGENOUS LEAFY GREENS BY THE KEKCHI PEOPLE OF ALTA-VERAPAZ, GUATEMALA SO ECOLOGY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE INDIGENOUS LEAFY VEGETABLES; DIETARY HABIT; SEASONALITY; URBANIZATION; KEKCHI; GUATEMALA ID VITAMIN; PLANTS AB Factors affecting dietary use of indigenous leafy greens by the K'ekchi people of San Pedro Carcha, Guatemala, were studied over a 13-month period in 3 communities: 1 rural; 1 semi-rural; and 1 urban. Seventeen species of indigenous greens were recorded in the diet using a 7-day food frequency questionnaire. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.01) between the frequency of intake of total greens and the frequency of intake of other foods. There was a positive linear relationship between the frequency of intake of total greens and the frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables, excluding leafy greens. in all three communities. However within, and among, the communities, individuals exhibited considerable heterogeneity in the dietary intake of greens. There was a significantly lower frequency of intake of greens among the urban respondents (p < 0.01). Urban respondents relied more on markets (70%) than gardens (30%) for their source of greens. Seasonal variation in indigenous greens intake (p < 0.01) was related to agricultural practices, with the highest intake recorded during months of clearing land for the maize crop. There was no association between dietary intake of greens and the socioeconomic indicators measured (age, type of employment, household size and land use score). C1 MCGILL UNIV,SCH DIETET & HUMAN NUTR,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 3V9,PQ,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0367-0244 J9 ECOL FOOD NUTR JI Ecol. Food Nutr. PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 145 PG 19 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ444 UT WOS:A1993MQ44400008 ER PT S AU GOLDBERG, S AF GOLDBERG, S BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL - CHEMICAL SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL FOR DESCRIBING ADSORPTION OF TOXIC TRACE-ELEMENTS ON SOIL MINERALS SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT III SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 3, AT THE INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY SPECIAL SYMP CY OCT 01-03, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV IND & ENGN CHEM RP GOLDBERG, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2530-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 518 BP 278 EP 306 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BX68T UT WOS:A1993BX68T00014 ER PT J AU BOYD, R URI, ND AF BOYD, R URI, ND TI THE ECONOMIC-IMPACT OF TAXES ON REFINED PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS IN THE PHILIPPINES SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; POLICY AB This paper uses an aggregate modelling approach to assess the impact of taxes on refined petroleum products on the Philippine economy. The effects of removing the 48% tax on premium and regular gasoline and the 24% tax on other refined petroleum products on prices and quantities are examined. For example, the consequences of a complete elimination of refined petroleum product taxes would be an increase in output by all producing sectors of about 3.7% or about 2.65 hundred billion Philippine pesos, a rise in the consumption of goods and services by about 13.6% or 4.2 hundred billion Philippine pesos, a rise in lower tax revenue for the government of 62.4% or 2.8 hundred billion Philippine pesos. When subjected to sensitivity analyses, the results are reasonably robust. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JAN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(93)90077-Q PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA KD288 UT WOS:A1993KD28800003 ER PT B AU CONWAY, RK ROSEN, H HARRIS, WL CLEMENTS, LD AF CONWAY, RK ROSEN, H HARRIS, WL CLEMENTS, LD GP AMER CHEM SOC TI USDA BIOFUELS PROGRAM SO ENERGY ENVIRONMENT ECONOMICS: 28TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (IECEC-93), VOL 2: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENERGY SYSTEMS, NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY UTILIZATION, POLICY ISSUES, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, STIRLING CYCLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-93) CY AUG 08-13, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, AMER INST AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, IEEE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AMER NUCL SOC, SOC AUTOMOT ENGINEERS C1 USDA,OFF ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-8412-2772-5 PY 1993 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ61T UT WOS:A1993BZ61T00067 ER PT B AU GAVETT, EE VANDYNE, D BLASE, M AF GAVETT, EE VANDYNE, D BLASE, M BE Klass, DL TI BIODIESEL - A FEASIBLE DOMESTIC ALTERNATIVE FUEL SO ENERGY FROM BIOMASS AND WASTES XVI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy From Biomass and Wastes XVI CY MAR 02-06, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP INST GAS TECHNOL C1 USDA,OFF ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST GAS TECHNOLOGY PI DES PLAINES PA 1700 S. MT. PROSPECT RD, DES PLAINES, IL 60018 BN 0-910091-88-9 PY 1993 BP 709 EP 719 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BZ92Y UT WOS:A1993BZ92Y00034 ER PT J AU GREEN, TA PROKOPY, RJ VARGAS, RI KANEHISA, D ALBRECHT, C AF GREEN, TA PROKOPY, RJ VARGAS, RI KANEHISA, D ALBRECHT, C TI INTRA-TREE FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF DACUS-DORSALIS FLIES IN RELATION TO HOST FRUIT QUANTITY, QUALITY AND TYPE SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HOST SELECTION; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; FLY DIPTERA; OVIPOSITION; TEPHRITIDAE; PHEROMONE; PATTERNS AB We observed the fruit foraging behavior of mature female oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera, Tephritidae), released individually onto potted field-caged host trees containing fruit of different quality, quantity, or type (no fruit, 3 or 12 uninfested kumquats, 12 infested kumquats, or 3 uninfested sweet oranges). Our findings were largely consistent with foraging-behavior theory, and with previous results for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh): (1) flies left fruitless trees soon after release, (2) more flies visited fruit, and flies visited more fruit and spent more time on trees with increasing fruit density, and (3) Giving Up Time (time between last oviposition and leaving the tree) was significantly greater for flies visiting infested fruit than for those visiting uninfested fruit. Oriental fruit flies declined to oviposit in fruit containing conspecific larvae. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96804. RP GREEN, TA (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KP390 UT WOS:A1993KP39000002 ER PT J AU NEWTON, PJ THOMAS, CD MASTRO, VC SCHWALBE, CP AF NEWTON, PJ THOMAS, CD MASTRO, VC SCHWALBE, CP TI IMPROVED 2-COMPONENT BLEND OF THE SYNTHETIC FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE OF CRYPTOPHLEBIA-LEUCOTRETA, AND IDENTIFICATION OF AN ATTRACTANT FOR C-PELTASTICA SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE FALSE CODLING MOTH; FEMALE SEX PHEROMONES; LICHI MOTH; SPECIES-SPECIFIC ATTRACTANTS ID FALSE CODLING MOTH; INUNDATIVE RELEASES; MEYR LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; MACADAMIA; MALAWI; CITRUS AB A series of field evaluations using the Pherocon-1C trap examined various doses and blends of the following synthetic pheromone compounds: (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate (E7-12:Ac), (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac), (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12:Ac), decyl acetate (10:Ac), dodecyl acetate (12:Ac), tetradecyl acetate (14:Ac), hexadecyl acetate (16:Ac), and octadecyl acetate (18:Ac). It was concluded that E7-12:Ac is not a true sex pheromone in Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) because it only led to significant male catches at doses greater than 1 mg per lure and did not perform as well as mixtures of E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac. The latter mixtures led to significantly higher catches of C. leucotreta when the ratio of E8-12:Ac to Z8-12:Ac was 9:1 rather than 1:1 as in commercial lures. Increases in dosages of this blend from 1 mg to 50 mg per lure did not lead to increases in male moth catches. An additional 10% 12:Ac had no consistent significant effect on numbers of captured males. 10:Ac, 12:Ac, 14:Ac, 16:Ac, and 18:Ac, individually or in various combinations with 9:1 E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac corresponding to their average proportions in female pheromone glands, did not lead to significant increases in C. leucotreta catches. Blends of E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac at 1 mg per lure also resulted in catches of males of the litchi moth, Cryptophlebia peltastica (Meyrick), when containing 70% or more Z8-12:Ac. Maximum catches of C. peltastica occurred in traps baited with 100% Z8-12:Ac. C1 USDA,APHIS,OTIS METHODS DEV CTR,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. CITRUS & SUBTROP FRUIT RES INST,NELSPRUIT 1200,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KP390 UT WOS:A1993KP39000009 ER PT J AU GORDON, RD VANDENBERG, N AF GORDON, RD VANDENBERG, N TI LARVAL SYSTEMATICS OF NORTH-AMERICAN CYCLONEDA CROTCH (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article AB Fourth instar larvae of the three North American species of Cycloneda Crotch, C. sanguinea (L.), C. munda (Say), and C. polita Casey are described, keyed, illustrated, and compared with the congeneric South American C. ancoralis Mulsant and with examples from other New World coccinelline genera. RP GORDON, RD (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SCANDINAVICA PI LUND PA DEPT OF SYST ZOOL HELGOVAVAGEN 3, S-223 62 LUND, SWEDEN SN 0013-8711 J9 ENTOMOL SCAND JI Entomol. Scand. PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 301 EP 312 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MM136 UT WOS:A1993MM13600004 ER PT J AU SMITH, L AF SMITH, L TI HOST-SIZE PREFERENCE OF THE PARASITOID ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE [HYM, PTEROMALIDAE] ON SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS (COL, CURCULIONIDAE) LARVAE WITH A UNIFORM AGE DISTRIBUTION SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE HOST SIZE PREFERENCE; PARASITOID; STORED PRODUCT; MAIZE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID DISTINGUENDUS FORSTER HYMENOPTERA; SEX-RATIO; COMPETITIVE-SYSTEMS; NICHE MODIFICATION; ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; LABORATORY SYSTEM; RICE WEEVIL; WASP; SUPPRESSION; STABILITY AB First generation Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) collected from commercial stored maize in South Carolina were exposed to a mixture of all sizes of immature Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, representative of a uniform age distribution, in shelled maize. Eighty-seven percent of parasitism is expected on larvae with tunnel diameters of 0.9 to 1.8 mm and 6 % on prepupae and pupae, given this host-size distribution. Preference was greatest for large host larvae (1.6 mm diameter), intermediate for other larvae in the range 0.9 to 1.8 mm, and least for pupae and small larvae. Host-stage preference is discussed with respect to Chesson's (1983) parameters for preference, alpha(i), probability of parasitism, P(i), and electivity index, epsilon(i). RP SMITH, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1007/BF02372557 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LY543 UT WOS:A1993LY54300012 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DW FUESTER, RW METTERHOUSE, WW BALAAM, RJ BULLOCK, RH CHIANESE, RJ REARDON, RC AF WILLIAMS, DW FUESTER, RW METTERHOUSE, WW BALAAM, RJ BULLOCK, RH CHIANESE, RJ REARDON, RC TI INCIDENCE AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PUPAL PARASITISM BY BRACHYMERIA-INTERMEDIA IN NEW-JERSEY POPULATIONS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; PUPAL PARASITISM; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID LEPIDOPTERA-LYMANTRIIDAE; DENSITY AB Pupal parasitism of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was monitored in 15 study plots in New Jersey from 1978 to 1988. The predominant parasitoid was a chalcidid wasp, Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), which was found in only six plots. Parasitism was generally observed in the year of or preceding the peak numbers of gypsy moth egg masses. Parasitism exceeded 4 % in only one plot. Percentage parasitism was correlated significantly with numbers of egg masses per hectare in the current season and with numbers of pupae per plot in the previous season, suggesting delayed density dependence. A multiple regression analysis found percentage parasitism to be correlated significantly with percentage infection by nuclear polyhedrosis virus, density of male host pupae, and mean minimum temperature in August and March. A canonical discriminant analysis carried out to distinguish study plots with and without the parasitoid was significant. Plots with B. intermedia had relatively higher host populations and defoliation. C1 USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,NEWARK,DE 19713. NEW JERSEY DEPT AGR,DIV PLANT IND,TRENTON,NJ 08625. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1007/BF02372561 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LY543 UT WOS:A1993LY54300016 ER PT J AU ROEHRDANZ, RL FLANDERS, RV AF ROEHRDANZ, RL FLANDERS, RV TI DETECTION OF DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN PREDATORY COCCINELLIDS USING POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND ARBITRARY PRIMERS (RAPD-PCR) SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE RAPD-PCR; APHIDS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; GENETIC MARKERS; COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; HYMENOPTERA AB DNA polymorphisms were identified in some Coccinellid predators that are being tested as biological control agents against aphids and other insects in North America. The technique employs a variation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), called RAPD-PCR, that uses single arbitrarily selected primers to amplify a random group of genomic sequences. Using this technique it was possible to distinguish among laboratory reared colonies of diverse geographic origin. Several colonies each, of three species were examined (Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata). It was also possible to distinguish C. septempunctata from a closely related species C. transversoguttata biinterrupta. The technique promises to be a very useful source of markers for maintaining colonies and tracking genes in biological control projects and in identifying species and immature stages of insects. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL BIOL CONTROL INST,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP ROEHRDANZ, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1993 VL 38 IS 4 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1007/BF02373082 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NY373 UT WOS:A1993NY37300008 ER PT J AU GUERRA, AA ROBACKER, KM MARTINEZ, S AF GUERRA, AA ROBACKER, KM MARTINEZ, S TI FREE AMINO-ACID AND PROTEIN TITERS IN ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS LARVAE VENOMIZED BY BRACON-MELLITOR SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE CURCULIONIDAE; BRACONIDAE; AMINO ACIDS; VENOM; PROTEINS ID HEMOLYMPH AB Changes in the free amino acid levels of extracts from body whole homogenates of 3rd instar boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Curculionidae) larvae which had been stung once by females of the ectoparasitoid Bracon mellitor Say (Braconidae) were determined. Stung larvae exhibited an initial rise in free amino acid levels within 6 min after the venom was injected followed by a decline within 2 h. A second free amino acid peak occurred 4 days after initial sting. Observed increases in free amino acid levels were always followed by synchronized decreases in total soluble proteins. The possible nutritional regulatory effect of ectoparasitoid venom on thc physiology of the boll weevil is discussed. RP GUERRA, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BCPRU,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1993 VL 38 IS 4 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1007/BF02373086 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NY373 UT WOS:A1993NY37300012 ER PT J AU HUANG, WY URI, ND AF HUANG, WY URI, ND TI THE EFFECT OF FARMING PRACTICES ON REDUCING EXCESS NITROGEN-FERTILIZER USE SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB This paper studies the effects of crop rotation and a limitation on the application of nitrogen fertilizer on the reduction of excess nitrogen available for potential leaching into the ground water. For a farmer initially planting corn continuously, the adoption of a soybean-corn rotation will have a smaller compliance cost, but it will not eliminate the excess application of nitrogen fertilizer under a relatively low nitrogen fertilizer to corn price ratio. An explicit limitation on nitrogen fertilizer use would be needed to achieve this objective. Limiting nitrogen fertilizer use on cropland susceptible to a high potential for leaching will have a smaller compliance cost than on cropland with a moderate potential for leaching. RP HUANG, WY (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(93)90368-R PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KQ604 UT WOS:A1993KQ60400008 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, BL QUISENBERRY, JE AF MCMICHAEL, BL QUISENBERRY, JE TI THE IMPACT OF THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT ON THE GROWTH OF ROOT SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; ROOT LENGTH; ROOT DENSITY; STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; WATER ID WATER RELATIONS; FORAGE LEGUMES; EXOTIC COTTONS; TEMPERATURE; COMPACTION; ELONGATION AB There are numerous environmental factors that can influence the growth and function of plant root systems. The impact of some of the major soil-related factors such as soil temperature, soil water, soil air, soil strength, and soil nutrient supply on the development of roots is reviewed. Emphasis has been placed on the interaction of these factors with each other and with the genetic diversity inherent in plant roots in determining the impact of the soil environment on root growth and ultimately on plant productivity. RP MCMICHAEL, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 64 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(93)90055-K PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KL351 UT WOS:A1993KL35100006 ER PT J AU CHOY, WN HENIKA, PR WILLHITE, CC TARANTAL, AF AF CHOY, WN HENIKA, PR WILLHITE, CC TARANTAL, AF TI INCORPORATION OF A MICRONUCLEUS STUDY INTO A DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF L-SELENOMETHIONINE IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE MICRONUCLEUS TEST; L-SELENOMETHIONINE; SELENIUM; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY; PHARMACOKINETICS; RISK ASSESSMENT ID MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SELENIUM; TOXICITY; MALLARDS; EMBRYOS AB Concomitant to a developmental toxicology study of selenium in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), a transplacental bone marrow micronucleus assay was conducted in the fetuses of treated animals. Selenium was administered as L-selenomethionine by nasogastric intubation at 0, 150 or 300 mug/kg-day to pregnant macaques daily throughout organogenesis (gestation days 20-50). Pregnancy was terminated on gestation day 100 +/- 2 and fetuses were obtained by hysterotomy. Selenium concentrations in maternal blood were monitored throughout pregnancy and selenium concentrations in fetal blood were measured at hysterotomy. Maternal circulating selenium did not exceed 4 ppm in plasma or 3.7 ppm in erythrocytes. Selenium in cord blood was less-than-or-equal-to 0.1 ppm in plasma and less-than-or-equal-to 1.1 ppm in erythrocytes at 300 mug/kg-day. Fetal bone marrow smears were prepared from the humerus and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were scored. No increase of micronucleus frequency was detected in any dose group, although signs of maternal selenosis were obvious. This finding is compared to the previous observation that micronuclei were induced in the bone marrow of adult nonpregnant macaques treated at 600 mug/kg-day, a lethal dose yielding blood selenium levels to 7.3 ppm in plasma and 5.7 ppm in erythrocytes after 15 days of daily treatment, when death occurred. These data demonstrate that measurement of circulating xenobiotics con be useful for the interpretation of genetic toxicology results. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1002/em.2850210110 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KJ833 UT WOS:A1993KJ83300009 PM 8419156 ER PT B AU MCKINION, JM BOONE, MYL PORTER, DO WHISLER, FD AF MCKINION, JM BOONE, MYL PORTER, DO WHISLER, FD BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI GOSSYM/COMAX - A COTTON CROP MANAGEMENT EMPHASIZING IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND WATER QUALITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00005 ER PT J AU MURPHREE, CE GRISSINGER, EH AF MURPHREE, CE GRISSINGER, EH BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON STORM RUNOFF SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 37 EP 50 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00006 ER PT B AU PHENE, CJ HUTMACHER, RB AYARS, JE BENASHER, J AF PHENE, CJ HUTMACHER, RB AYARS, JE BENASHER, J BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION, A BMP FOR CONTROLLING DRAINAGE OUTFLOW AND REDUCING GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 51 EP 69 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00007 ER PT B AU RAWLS, WJ ONSTAD, CA BRAKENSIEK, DL AF RAWLS, WJ ONSTAD, CA BRAKENSIEK, DL BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI SEASONAL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON INFILTRATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00008 ER PT J AU SMITH, S AF SMITH, S BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI EFFECTS OF TILLAGE ON PESTICIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN SHALLOW GROUND WATER AND SURFACE RUNOFF FROM FRAGIPAN SOILS IN NORTH MISSISSIPPI, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL RES UNIT,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00009 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ WIENHOLD, BJ SHIRMOHAMMADI, A AF GISH, TJ WIENHOLD, BJ SHIRMOHAMMADI, A BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI EFFECT OF STARCH-ENCAPSULATION ON BEHAVIOR OF ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 109 EP 124 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00011 ER PT J AU SCHREIBER, JD AF SCHREIBER, JD BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES SHALLOW GROUND WATER AND SURFACE RUNOFF SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 131 EP 143 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00013 ER PT J AU WORKMAN, SR WARD, AD KNISEL, WG AF WORKMAN, SR WARD, AD KNISEL, WG BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI ASSESSING THE MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS THROUGH THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE OHIO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS EVALUATION AREA SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 145 EP 158 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00014 ER PT J AU SWADER, F AF SWADER, F BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI AGRICULTURE AND WATER QUALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA,WORKING GRP WATER QUAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00015 ER PT J AU GETER, WF PLOTKIN, S BAGDON, JK HESKETH, ES AF GETER, WF PLOTKIN, S BAGDON, JK HESKETH, ES BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 179 EP 191 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00017 ER PT J AU YATES, SR SPENCER, WF CLIATH, MM AF YATES, SR SPENCER, WF CLIATH, MM BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI COMPARISON BETWEEN MEASURED AND PREDICTED RATES OF PESTICIDE VOLATILIZATION FROM AN AGRICULTURAL FIELD SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00020 ER PT J AU CHOU, YH MINNICH, RA CHASE, RA AF CHOU, YH MINNICH, RA CHASE, RA TI MAPPING PROBABILITY OF FIRE OCCURRENCE IN SAN-JACINTO MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FIRES ID WILDFIRE AB An ecological data base for the San Jacinto Mountains, California, USA, was used to construct a probability model of wildland fire occurrence. The model incorporates both environmental and human factors, including vegetation, temperature, precipitation, human structures, and transportation. Spatial autocorrelation was examined for both fire activity and vegetation to determine the specification of neighborhood effects in the model. Parameters were estimated using stepwise logistic regressions. Among the explanatory variables, the variable that represents the neighborhood effects of spatial processes is shown to be of great importance in the distribution of wildland fires. An important implication of this result is that the management of wildland fires must take into consideration neighborhood effects in addition to environmental and human factors. The distribution of fire occurrence probability is more accurately mapped when the model incorporates the spatial term of neighborhood effects. The map of fire occurrence probability is useful for designing large-scale management strategies of wildfire prevention. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE RES LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP CHOU, YH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT EARTH SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1007/BF02393801 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB670 UT WOS:A1993KB67000013 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, K MILLER, JE FLAGLER, RB HECK, WW AF KOBAYASHI, K MILLER, JE FLAGLER, RB HECK, WW TI MODEL ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF OZONE AND WATER-STRESS ON THE YIELD OF SOYBEAN SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE DEFICIT; DIFFERENTIALLY IRRIGATED COTTON; AMBIENT OZONE; GROWTH; INJURY; RESPONSES AB The interactive effects of ozone and water stress on the yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Davis) were addressed with a growth model of soybean. Two simulations were conducted, using the data from the exposures of soybean to ozone in open-top chambers under two soil moisture regimes, and the results of the simulations were compared In the original simulation, soil moisture content was calculated based on a water budget using the actual precipitation and irrigation data. In the modified simulation, the soil water content was given as input data. In this case, soil moisture content was maintained al the same level across the ozone treatments regardless of different water use by the plants. Both simulations included the effect of reduced ozone flux to the leaves due to water stress, whereas only the original simulation included the effect of mitigated water stress due to reduced water use by the plants under higher ozone concentration. The water stress reduced ozone impact on soybean yield in the orignal simulation on the basis of the ozone dose-crop yield response relationship, but not in the modified simulation. The ozone uptake rate was reduced by water stress in the original simulation, but the relationship between seasonal mean ozone uptake rate and relative yield still showed reduced impact of ozone due to water stress. These results indicated that the alleviation of water stress by ozone due to reduced plant water use in ozone-treated plots can be a contributing factor in the reduction of ozone impact by water stress. The above conclusion was partly confirmed by the actual data for soil water content, which was significantly lower in the lowest ozone treatment than in the higher ozone treatments. Further experimental and modelling studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of the ozone X water stress interaction. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP KOBAYASHI, K (reprint author), NATL INST AGROENVIRONM SCI,3-1-1 KANNONDAI,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 82 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90160-P PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LQ961 UT WOS:A1993LQ96100006 PM 15091797 ER PT J AU SLAUGHTER, LH MULCHI, CL LEE, EH AF SLAUGHTER, LH MULCHI, CL LEE, EH TI WHEAT-KERNEL GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS DURING EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC OZONE POLLUTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GRAIN QUALITY; AMBIENT AIR; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; DURATION; ANTHESIS AB Chronic exposure to ozone (O3) air pollution can reduce yield in wheat; however, little is known concerning the effects of O3 stress on kernel development. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of chronic 03 exposure on kernel-growth components of two soft red winter-wheat genotypes (Severn and MD5518308). Five air-quality treatments, including charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), NF + 20, NF + 40, and NF + 80 nl O3 liter-1 air were applied 4 h d-1, 5 d wk-1 between 10.00 and 14.00 (EST) from 10 d preanthesis through maturity. In the case of the NF+ treatments, O3 was added to existing ambient O3 levels. Spike samples were collected 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 days after anthesis (DAA). Linear and quadratic equations were fitted to kernel-weight data to estimate kernel-growth rate (KGR) and kernel-fill duration (KFD). Effective filling period (EFP) and assimilate utilization (AU) were also determined Rates of growth for individual kernels were 0.74 mg d-1 and 1.07 mg d-1 for the NF + 80 and CF treatments, respectively. The NF + 80 nL liter-1 O3 treatment significantly reduced KGR and AU compared with the CF treatment. Severn had a significantly longer KFD than MD5518308, but O3 had no significant effect on KFD of either genotype. Each genotype had similar EFP values, and O3 had no significant effect on EFP. Linear relationships between O3 exposure and kernel weight suggest that O3 effects on kernel weight begin soon after anthesis in MD5518308, but, in Severn, O3 has a greater effect on kernel weight during the later stages of kernel development. These data suggest that decreased economic yield associated with chronic O3 exposure is primarily the result of decreased KGR. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SLAUGHTER, LH (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 81 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90030-R PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LH738 UT WOS:A1993LH73800010 PM 15091839 ER PT J AU FENN, ME BYTNEROWICZ, A AF FENN, ME BYTNEROWICZ, A TI DRY DEPOSITION OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR TO PONDEROSA AND JEFFREY PINE IN THE SAN-BERNARDINO NATIONAL FOREST IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SURROGATE SURFACES; LEAF-AREA; SITE; ECOSYSTEMS; POLLUTANTS; MOUNTAINS; CANOPY AB Little is known about the concentrations, deposition rates, and effects of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in photochemical smog in the San Bernardino National Forest (SBNF) in southern California. Dry deposition of NO3- and NH4+ to foliage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) was correlated (R = 0.83-0.88) with historical average hourly O3 concentrations at 10 sites across an O3 gradient in the SBNF. Mean deposition fluxes of NO3- to ponderosa and Jeffrey pine branches were 0.82 nmol m-2 s-1 at Camp Paivika (CP), a high-pollution site, and 0.19 nmol m-2 s-1 at Camp Osceola (CAO), a low- pollution site. Deposition fluxes of NH4+ were 0.32 nmol m-2 s-1 al CP and 0.17 nmol m-2 s-1 at CAO, while mean values for SO42- were 0.03 at CP and 0.02 nmol m-2 s-1 at CAO. Deposition fluxes to paper and nylon filters were higher in most cases than fluxes to pine branches at the same site. The results of this study suggest that an atmospheric concentration and deposition gradient of N and S compounds occurs along with the west-east O3 gradient in the SBNF. Annual stand-level dry deposition rates for S and N at CP and CAO were estimated. Further studies are needed to determine if high N deposition loads in the SBNF significantly affect plant/soil nutrient relations, tree health, and the response of ponderosa pine to ozone. RP FENN, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN,FOREST FIRE LAB,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 45 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 81 IS 3 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90210-F PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN943 UT WOS:A1993LN94300009 PM 15091813 ER PT J AU BYTNEROWICZ, A MANNING, WJ GROSJEAN, D CHMIELEWSKI, W DMUCHOWSKI, W GRODZINSKA, K GODZIK, B AF BYTNEROWICZ, A MANNING, WJ GROSJEAN, D CHMIELEWSKI, W DMUCHOWSKI, W GRODZINSKA, K GODZIK, B TI DETECTING OZONE AND DEMONSTRATING ITS PHYTOTOXICITY IN FORESTED AREAS OF POLAND - A PILOT-STUDY SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE OZONE; CONCENTRATIONS; PHYTOTOXICITY; FORESTS; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; BIOINDICATORS; TOBACCO PLANTS ID TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; EUROPE AB Ambient concentrations of ozone (O3) were measured and O3 phytotoxicity to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was demonstrated in several forest locations in Poland during a pilot study from July-October, 1991. At southern and central locations in Poland, the 24-hour average O3, concentrations measured with a UV absorption photometer were in the range of 32-55 ppb, and the corresponding 1-hour maxima in the range of 39-83 ppb. At these locations longer period (four to fifteen days) average concentrations were determined using O3 passive samplers (DGA, Inc.) and were reaching 60 ppb, while at Bialowieza in eastern Poland O3 concentrations averaged less than 40 ppb. In Szarow, near the Niepolomice Forest in southern Poland, 1-hour O3 maxima estimated from the data obtained using passive samplers were about 105 ppb in early September. At several locations in southern and central Poland, extensive O3 injury was determined on O3-sensitive Bel W-3 tobacco plants; such injury did not occur in the Bialowieza Forest of eastern Poland The results of this pilot study indicate that O3 is present at phytotoxic levels in southern and central Poland. C1 DGA INC,VENTURA,CA 93003. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST BOT,PL-30060 KRAKOW,POLAND. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. POLISH ACAD SCI,BOT GARDEN,WARSAW 42,POLAND. RP BYTNEROWICZ, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Godzik, Barbara/G-7791-2011; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; OI grosjean, daniel/0000-0001-6941-2490 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 80 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90052-P PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LF369 UT WOS:A1993LF36900012 PM 15091851 ER PT J AU THORNTON, FC MCDUFFIE, C PIER, PA WILKINSON, RC AF THORNTON, FC MCDUFFIE, C PIER, PA WILKINSON, RC TI THE EFFECTS OF REMOVING CLOUDWATER AND LOWERING AMBIENT O-3 ON RED SPRUCE GROWN AT HIGH ELEVATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; ACID MIST; OZONE; SEEDLINGS; DEPOSITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRECIPITATION; EXPOSURE; DECLINE; FIELD AB This study was conducted to determine whether acidic cloudwater and ozone (O3) influence the growth of red spruce (Picea rubens L.) seedlings growing at a high elevation site in the southern Appalachian Mountains. A field exclusion chamber study was established at White-top Mountain, VA (elevation 1689 m) which included the following treatments: (1) clouds and O3 excluded (COE); (2) exposure to ambient O3 with clouds excluded (CE); (3) exposure to clouds and O3 (CC); and (4) ambient air plots (AA) that served as a control to evaluate possible chamber effects After 2 years, seedlings exposed to ambient levels of O3 and cloudwater (AA and CC) did not differ in biomass accumulation, diameter growth, or epicuticular wax amounts from seedlings grown in chambers where pollution levels were reduced (CE and COE). Treatments receiving cloudwater (AA and CC) had statistically lower current-year needle concentrations of Ca and Mg, indicating that the cloudwater exposure dynamics occurring at this site elicited reductions in needle Ca and Mg Ozone had negligible impact on all of the seedling parameters measured C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RP THORNTON, FC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,CHEM ENGN BLDG,ROOM 2W 210-A,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 79 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90173-L PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY834 UT WOS:A1993JY83400004 PM 15091909 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, IM CHANEY, RL WILLIAMS, FM AF MCKENNA, IM CHANEY, RL WILLIAMS, FM TI THE EFFECTS OF CADMIUM AND ZINC INTERACTIONS ON THE ACCUMULATION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM IN LETTUCE AND SPINACH SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID BINDING PROTEIN; PLANT; ROOTS; TRANSPORT; OXALATE; LEAVES AB The interactions between Zn and Cd on the concentration and tissue distribution of these metals in lettuce and spinach were studied at levels corresponding to background and Zn-Cd contaminated sites. Plants were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0-398-8.91 muM Zn and 0.010-0.316 muM Cd. Cadmium accumulated more in old than in young leaves of both crops at any solution Cd level, whereas Zn followed that pattern only at Zn levels greater-than-or-equal-to 3.16 Mum. Increasing solution Cd increased Zn concentrations in young leaves of lettuce but not of spinach, regardless of Zn levels. Cadmium concentrations in young leaves of both crops decreased exponentially with increasing solution Zn at low (0.0316 Mum) but not at high (0-316 muM) solution Cd. The Zn : Cd concentration ratios in young leaves of lettuce and spinach grown at 0-316 Mum Cd became greater as the solution Zn increased Cadmium and Zn concentrations in young leaves were related more closely to the relative concentrations of Zn and Cd in solution than were the concentrations in old leaves, especially in lettuce. Studies of Zn-Cd interactions and Cd bioavailability should differentiate between basal and upper leaves of lettuce and spinach. Compared to Cd-only pollution, Zn-Cd combined pollution may not decrease Cd concentrations in lettuce and spinach edible tissues, but because it increases their Zn concentrations it lowers plant Cd bioavailability. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,PROGRAM ECOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP MCKENNA, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BARC,BLDG 318,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 127 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 79 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90060-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA246 UT WOS:A1993KA24600002 PM 15091895 ER PT J AU TAKEMOTO, BK BYTNEROWICZ, A AF TAKEMOTO, BK BYTNEROWICZ, A TI EFFECTS OF ACIDIC FOG ON SEEDLINGS OF PINUS-PONDEROSA AND ABIES-CONCOLOR - FOLIAR INJURY, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; OZONE; FORESTS; FIELD; DEPOSITION; DIOXIDE; DECLINE; CARBON; GROWTH; MERR AB Seedlings of Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine and Abies concolor (white fir) were exposed to acidic fog (pH 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0) in open-field plots for six weeks. The two species exhibited dissimilar injury responses; neither current year nor previous year needles of ponderosa pine were injured by pH 2.0 fog, but current year needles exhibited higher membrane permeability responses (i.e. needle extract conductivity, K+ concentration). In comparison, both needle age classes in white fir were significantly injured by pH 2-0 fog, but no significant effects on membrane permeability were observed For both species, whole-study average rates of net photo-synthesis in previous year needles were lower in plants exposed to pH 2.0 fog than in plants treated with pH 4-0 fog. While decreased process rates coincided with leaf necrosis in white fir, stomatal closure appeared to be the mechanism of inhibition in ponderosa pine with pH 2-0 fog (i.e. no visible injury). The findings of the present study provide evidence that frequent applications of highly acidic fog (i.e. pH 2.0-3.0) can cause temporal alterations in membrane permeability and gas exchange rates in western conifer seedlings, in the presence or absence of visible injury. However, because incipient effects on other measures of foliage health were species-specific (i.e. concentrations of starch, photosynthetic pigments, inorganic nutrients), a general mechanism of phytotoxicity could not be identified. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP TAKEMOTO, BK (reprint author), CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD,DIV RES,SACRAMENTO,CA 95812, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90095-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KH918 UT WOS:A1993KH91800005 PM 15091884 ER PT J AU YOUNG, AL AF YOUNG, AL TI THE INDEPENDENT STUDY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP YOUNG, AL (reprint author), USDA,OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF272 UT WOS:A1993KF27200002 ER PT J AU MAJEWSKI, M DESJARDINS, R ROCHETTE, P PATTEY, E SEIBER, J GLOTFELTY, D AF MAJEWSKI, M DESJARDINS, R ROCHETTE, P PATTEY, E SEIBER, J GLOTFELTY, D TI FIELD COMPARISON OF AN EDDY ACCUMULATION AND AN AERODYNAMIC-GRADIENT SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PESTICIDE VOLATILIZATION FLUXES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; EVAPORATION RATES; SOIL; TRIFLURALIN; DCPA; HEAT; CO2; AIR AB The field experiment reported here applied the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique to the measurement of triallate (TA) and trifluralin (TF) volatilization from fallow soil. A critical analysis of the REA system used in this experiment is done, and the fluxes are compared to those obtained by the aerodynamic-gradient (AG) technique. The measured cumulative volatilization losses, corrected for the effective upwind source area (footprint), for the AG system were higher than with the REA system. The differences between the methods over the first 5 days of the experiment were 27 and 13% for TA and TF, respectively. A mass balance based on the amount of parent compounds volatilized from soil during the first 5 days of the experiment showed a 110 and 70% and a 79 and 61 % accountability for triallate and trifluralin by the AG and REA methods, respectively. These results also show that the non-footprint-corrected AG flux values underestimated the volatilization flux by approximately 16 %. The footprint correction model used in this experiment does not presently have the capability of accounting for changes in atmospheric stability. However, these values still provide an indication of the most likely upwind area affecting the evaporative flux estimations. The soil half-lives for triallate and trifluralin were 9.8 and 7.0 days, respectively. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. AGR CANADA,LAND RESOURCES RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MAJEWSKI, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1021/es00038a012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF272 UT WOS:A1993KF27200018 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, TA XIA, ZL JACKSON, PR BALIGAR, VC AF CAMPBELL, TA XIA, ZL JACKSON, PR BALIGAR, VC TI DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF TOLERANCE TO ALUMINUM IN ALFALFA SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM TOXICITY; DIALLEL; LUCERNE; ALFALFA; MEDICAGO SATIVA; NUTRIENT CULTURE; TOLERANCE ID ACID; SOIL; CULTIVARS; SUBSOIL; GROWTH; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; STRESS; YIELD; PH AB Acid soils having high levels of aluminium (Al) can drastically reduce yields in alfalfa and the most economically viable solution to the problem appears to be the development of Al-tolerant cultivars. To assist with the choice of a breeding method, a six-parent alfalfa diallel (crosses and reciprocals included but not parents) was evaluated in Al-toxic nutrient solution in terms of height (HT) and dry weight (DW). General combining ability was significant for both traits and constituted the majority of the genetic variation. Specific combining ability was significant only for HT and reciprocal effects were significant only for DW. Tolerance appeared to be at least partially dominant to sensitivity. Results indicate that a mass selection scheme, such as recurrent phenotypic selection, may be effective in increasing levels of tolerance in at least some alfalfa populations and that minor grains may also be achieved through exploiting non-additive genetic variation. C1 USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP CAMPBELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 72 IS 3 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG371 UT WOS:A1993NG37100001 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP HANNA, WW GATES, RN AF WILSON, JP HANNA, WW GATES, RN TI STABILITY OF FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN PEARL-MILLET HYBRIDS HETEROGENEOUS FOR RUST RESISTANCE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE PEARL MILLET; PENNISETUM GLAUCUM; PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA VAR INDICA; RUST; 3-WAY HYBRIDS; VARIETY MIXTURES ID SUSCEPTIBLE OAT PLANTS; GRAIN-YIELD; MIXTURES; REGISTRATION; SEVERITY; DISEASE; IMMUNE AB The susceptible pearl millet hybrid 'Tifleaf 1', the resistant hybrid 'Tifleaf 2', and two experimental 3-way hybrids with different proportions of resistant and susceptible plants were evaluated for rust resistance and forage yield and quality in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Different environmental conditions were obtained by varying planting date, planting density, and fungicide applications across three years of evaluation in the field. Rust severity of forage was negatively correlated with late season green yield, dry matter yield, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and digestible dry matter yield. The stability across environments of the 3-way hybrids was intermediate between resistant 'Tifleaf 2' and susceptible 'Tifleaf 1' for rust severity and the yield and quality measurements negatively correlated with rust severity. Mixtures of resistant and susceptible plants would probably provide greater control of rust than measured in these small-plot experiments. Although a mixture of resistant and susceptible plants appears to provide an alternative to monogenic control of rust in forage pearl millets, identification and utilization of additional sources of resistance would be beneficial to improve the performance of 3-way hybrids. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 72 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG371 UT WOS:A1993NG37100002 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF TI INHERITANCE OF STRIPE RUST (YELLOW RUST) RESISTANCE IN THE WHEAT CULTIVAR CARSTENS-V SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS; RESISTANCE GENES; STRIPE RUST; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; WHEAT; YELLOW RUST ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; NORTH-AMERICAN; RACES; GENES AB Carstens V, one of the wheat cultivars used to differentiate races of Puccinia striiformis (stripe rust or yellow rust) in Europe, was crossed with stripe rust susceptible cultivars and cultivars with genes for resistance to the disease to determine the genetic basis of its stripe rust resistance. Seedlings of the parents and F-1, F-2, and F-3 progeny were evaluated for resistance to North American races of P.striiformis. Based on those evaluations, Carstens V has three genes for resistance to North American race CDL-21, two genes for resistance to races CDL-17, CDL-2O, and CDL-29, and one gene for resistance to race CDL-27. The genes that confer resistance to race CDL-17 also confer resistance to race CDL-2I. The three genes were either dominant or recessive depending upon the race used in the test and the cultivar used in the cross. None of the genes in Carstens V are the same as the genes for resistance in Cappelle Desprez, Chinese 166, Clement, Compair, Heines Peko, Hybrid 46, Minister, Nord Desprez, Triticum spelta album, and Vilmorin 23. C1 US ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL AGR,PPNS 0148,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,HOME ECONOM RES CTR,PROJECT 3694,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1007/BF00023473 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MX383 UT WOS:A1993MX38300013 ER PT J AU SHROYER, JP COX, TS AF SHROYER, JP COX, TS TI PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF WINTER-WHEAT LANDRACES AND MODERN CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER LOW-FERTILITY CONDITIONS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; LANDRACE; SEMIDWARF; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; FERTILIZATION; GENETIC IMPROVEMENT; BREEDING ID IMPROVEMENT; TRAITS AB In recent decades, most winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding in the United States has been done in field nurseries in which the soil receives ample fertilization. To determine the effects of these breeding efforts on productivity under low-fertility conditions, we evaluated twenty-nine winter wheat genotypes (seven Asian landraces; thirteen standard-height US. cultivars released between 1874 and 1971; and nine semidwarf cultivars released between 1977 and 1988) under severe fertility stress at three Kansas, USA locations. Experiments included fertilized and unfertilized treatments. The modern, semidwarf cultivars yielded 18% and 20% more, on average, than landraces and standard-height cultivars under low and high fertility, respectively; however, only the latter difference reached the 5% significance level. At only one location (Hays) was there a significant genotype X fertility interaction: there, 89% of the semidwarf cultivars, only 8% of the standard cultivars, and 57% of the landraces responded to fertilization. The regression coefficient of mean grain yield (unfertilized) on year of introduction or release for standard and semidwarf cultivars was zero, indicating that a century of breeding has produced no genetic improvement in performance under these low-fertility conditions. Although we found that the usual yield advantage of modern cultivars is not expressed under very low fertility, we saw no evidence that older cultivars are superior under those conditions. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,KANSAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS. RP SHROYER, JP (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF00029637 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MP858 UT WOS:A1993MP85800005 ER PT J AU JARRET, RL VUYLSTEKE, DR GAWEL, NJ PIMENTEL, RB DUNBAR, LJ AF JARRET, RL VUYLSTEKE, DR GAWEL, NJ PIMENTEL, RB DUNBAR, LJ TI DETECTING GENETIC DIVERSITY IN DIPLOID BANANAS USING PCR AND PRIMERS FROM A HIGHLY REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PCR; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MUSA-ACUMINATA; PLANT GERMPLASM; REPETITIVE SEQUENCE; DIPLOID BANANA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CULTIVATED BANANA; WHEAT; POLYMORPHISMS; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; VARIETIES; GENOMES; LENGTH; MUSA AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect polymorphisms among 29 diploid clones of Musa acuminata Colla. from Papua New Guinea. Primer sequences were derived from a 520 bp highly repetitive DNA sequence isolated from M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis. Primers, used individually, detected a total of 48 polymorphisms that were scored as unit characters and used to generate a Jaccard's similarity index. Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) was used to cluster clones and the unweighted paired-group method of analysis (UPGMA) was used to compute genetic distance among the materials examined. The abundance of diversity within the PNG diploids examined reflects the extreme genetic variability within the M. acuminata gene pool. PCR, utilizing primers from a highly repetitive sequence, is a rapid means of detecting genetic diversity in M. acuminata. C1 INT INST TROP AGR,PLANTAIN & BANANA IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM,IBADAN,NIGERIA. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT INTRODUCT,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV PHILIPPINES,LOS BANOS COLL,LAGUNA,PHILIPPINES. RP JARRET, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1007/BF00024156 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MA003 UT WOS:A1993MA00300009 ER PT J AU CONNOR, KF TOWILL, LE AF CONNOR, KF TOWILL, LE TI POLLEN-HANDLING PROTOCOL AND HYDRATION DEHYDRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLEN FOR APPLICATION TO LONG-TERM STORAGE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE CRYOPRESERVATION; GERMPLASM PRESERVATION; LIQUID NITROGEN; MOISTURE CONTENT; POLLEN; SATURATED SALT SOLUTIONS ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PECAN POLLEN; DESICCATION; GERMINATION; INVITRO; INJURY; SEEDS AB The National Seed Storage Laboratory in Fort Collins, Colorado, is investigating pollen storage as a practical means for storing germplasm of clonally-held species. Careful regulation of pollen moisture content is necessary to safely store pollens and perform accurate in vitro germination tests. A series of dehydration and hydration curves were generated for Pinus ponderosa Dough. ex P. Laws., Picea pungens Engelm., and Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch pollens using five saturated salt solutions and water. Equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) were also determined for Typha latifolia L., Phoenix dactylifera L., Corylus avellana L., and Zea mays L. Although rates of dehydration and hydration, and EMC varied with salt, pollen, and temperature, the pollens tested did survive the drying procedures and could successfully be stored in liquid nitrogen. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP CONNOR, KF (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES BLDG,STARKVILLE,MS 39762, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1007/BF00024157 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MA003 UT WOS:A1993MA00300010 ER PT J AU POOLER, MR SIMON, PW AF POOLER, MR SIMON, PW TI CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ISOZYME AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN A DIVERSE COLLECTION OF GARLIC CLONES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ALLIUM-LONGICUSPIS; ALLIUM-SATIVUM; PHYLOGENY ID GENETIC-VARIATION; PATTERNS AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a long history of obligate vegetative propagation. In this study, isozyme and morphological characters were analyzed for 110 diverse clones of garlic and the proposed progenitor species, A. longicuspis. The clones displayed 17 different electrophoretic phenotypes, which were associated with morphological traits. An isozyme-based phenetic tree was contructed to explain the possible relationships of various garlic clones and A. longicuspis. The lack of unique isozyme and morphological characters of A. longicuspis suggests an artificial species separation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1007/BF00024161 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MA003 UT WOS:A1993MA00300014 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL TISCHLER, CR AF BURSON, BL TISCHLER, CR TI REGENERATION AND SOMACLONAL VARIATION IN APOMICTIC PASPALUM-DILATATUM POIR SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE PASPALUM-DILATATUM; APOMIXIS; COMMON DALLISGRASS; PLANT REGENERATION; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; FERTILITY ID DALLISGRASS; GRASSES; PLANTS AB In an attempt to incorporate variation into a uniform obligate apomict, plants of apomictic common dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., were regenerated from callus derived from immature inflorescences. Plants developed through both organogenesis and embryogenesis. A total of 682 regenerants were produced and more than 400 were transplanted into a field nursery and screened for somaclonal variation. Eventually 20 regenerants were selected, increased, and planted into a replicated nursery along with normal common dallisgrass. The characteristics examined were maturity date, plant height, number of racemes per inflorescence, number of spikelets per raceme, pubescence, stigma and anther color, ergot resistance, seed germination, seed set, pollen stainability, method of reproduction, and chromosome number. There were differences among the regenerants and between them and common dallisgrass for all traits except chromosome number, stigma and anther color, and ergot resistance. One of the more important regenerants had significantly higher seed set than common dallisgrass. All regenerants reproduced by aposporous apomixis but some exhibited a high degree of abortion while others had more aposporous embryo sacs per ovule than common dallisgrass. These findings demonstrate that common dallisgrass can be regenerated through tissue culture and that somaclonal variation is expressed in some of the regenerants, even though some of the altered traits are deleterious. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF00022727 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LT163 UT WOS:A1993LT16300010 ER PT J AU STAUB, JE GRUMET, R AF STAUB, JE GRUMET, R TI SELECTION FOR MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE REDUCES CUCUMBER YIELD POTENTIAL SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; CORRELATED RESPONSE; SELECTION RESPONSES; YIELD POTENTIAL ID RECURRENT SELECTION; GRAIN-YIELD; SATIVUS; GERMPLASM; QUALITY; MAIZE; LINES; CORN AB Experiments were conducted in Wisconsin and Michigan to determine whether selection for multiple disease resistance adversely affects yielding ability of commercial cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sativus L.; CS) lines. Inbred F4 and F5 lines were developed from C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) x CS which had been either selected or not selected for resistance to the causal organisms of scab, anthracnose, and downy mildew. The exotic CH germplasms possesses a multiple fruiting habit with high yield potential and the CS genotypes include several disease resistance. In each comparison between selected and unselected progeny, the unselected families either significantly outyielded, or were not significantly different than their selected counterparts. In no case did the selected progeny outyield the unselected progeny. Since this was observed for both fruit number per plant and total fruit weight per plant, and it occurred despite differences in fruit size, we conclude that selection for disease resistance led to a reduction in yield potential in these populations. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP STAUB, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1007/BF00040622 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LU018 UT WOS:A1993LU01800005 ER PT J AU BALL, VE BUREAU, JC BUTAULT, JP WITZKE, HP AF BALL, VE BUREAU, JC BUTAULT, JP WITZKE, HP TI THE STOCK OF CAPITAL IN EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY AGRICULTURE SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CAPITAL; INVESTMENT; INPUTS; EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE AB This paper presents estimates of capital stocks of buildings and machinery and transportation vehicles in European Community agriculture. The capital stocks are the cumulation of all past investments adjusted for discards of worn-out assets and loss of efficiency of assets over their service life. Asset discards are calculated based on an assumed mean service life for a group of assets and a distribution of actual discards around this mean service life. Efficiency loss is assumed to be a function of age. The function relating efficiency to age of the asset is approximated by a rectangular hyperbola concave to the origin. This rectangular hyperbola provides a general model incorporating several of the commonly used forms of depreciation as special cases. C1 INRA,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV BONN,W-5300 BONN,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOUTON DE GRUYTER PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER RD, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PY 1993 VL 20 IS 4 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1093/erae/20.4.437 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MG336 UT WOS:A1993MG33600003 ER PT J AU Duncan, FL AF Duncan, FL BE Rogers, E TI The anthropology of interpretation SO EXCHANGING CAPITAL IDEAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 National Interpreters Workshop on Exchanging Capital Ideas CY NOV 17-22, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Natl Assoc Interpretat C1 US FOREST SERV,TONTO BASIN RANGER DIST,ROOSEVELT,AZ 85545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION PI FT COLLINS PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 PY 1993 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BE83W UT WOS:A1993BE83W00020 ER PT J AU Fenwood, L Schneider, R AF Fenwood, L Schneider, R BE Rogers, E TI Animal inn - There's life in dead trees SO EXCHANGING CAPITAL IDEAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 National Interpreters Workshop on Exchanging Capital Ideas CY NOV 17-22, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Natl Assoc Interpretat C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION PI FT COLLINS PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 PY 1993 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BE83W UT WOS:A1993BE83W00023 ER PT J AU Fong, M Cantu, R AF Fong, M Cantu, R BE Rogers, E TI Awakenings - Multicultural interpretation through the performance arts SO EXCHANGING CAPITAL IDEAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 National Interpreters Workshop on Exchanging Capital Ideas CY NOV 17-22, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Natl Assoc Interpretat C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION PI FT COLLINS PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 PY 1993 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BE83W UT WOS:A1993BE83W00025 ER PT J AU Hoecker, S AF Hoecker, S BE Rogers, E TI Value added tourism: Interpretation from a business owner's perspective SO EXCHANGING CAPITAL IDEAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 National Interpreters Workshop on Exchanging Capital Ideas CY NOV 17-22, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Natl Assoc Interpretat C1 US FOREST SERV,CHEQUAMEGON NATL FOREST,S PARK FALL,WI 54552. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION PI FT COLLINS PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 PY 1993 BP 149 EP 150 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BE83W UT WOS:A1993BE83W00040 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN AF SHARPLEY, AN TI ASSESSING PHOSPHORUS BIOAVAILABILITY IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND RUNOFF SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALGAL BIOASSAY; EUTROPHICATION; FERTILIZER-P MANAGEMENT; IRON-OXIDE P SINK; MODELING P IN RUNOFF; TILLAGE; WATER QUALITY AB Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) transported in agricultural runoff can accelerate surface water eutrophication. Although several algal assays and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted widespread BAP measurement. Thus, a routine method was developed to estimate BAP, which uses iron oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) as a P-sink for BAP in runoff. In the proposed method BAP is determined by shaking 50 mL of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H2SO4 and measured. The BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains was related to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 d with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, Fe-oxide strips may have a stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in estimating BAP. The method may also have potential use as an environmental soil P test to indicate soils liable to enrich runoff with sufficient P to accelerate eutrophication. Bioavailable P loss in runoff was lower from no till (438 g ha-1 yr-1) than from conventional till (1288 g ha-1 yr-1). Kinetic and enrichment ratio approaches accurately predicted (r2 of 0.93) BAP transport in runoff during 1988 to 1990. Use of the Fe-oxide strip method will facilitate estimation of BAP transport in runoff and thereby, improve assessment of the resultant impact on the biological productivity of receiving surface waters. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 0 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1007/BF00748704 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MY009 UT WOS:A1993MY00900008 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR AF SINCLAIR, TR TI SOYBEAN DEVELOPMENT AS INFLUENCED BY ILLUMINANCE DURING EXTENDED DAYLENGTHS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Daylength is critical in influencing ontogenetic events in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). However, the light levels that evoke the daylength response have been researched only to a limited extent. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of light level during an extended photoperiod on the ontogenetic development of several soybean genotypes grown under field conditions. Plants were grown under a gradient of illuminance ranging up to 300 lux (13 W m-2 for the lamps used) which extended the photoperiod to 15 h. For the period from emergence to flowering, three types of responses were observed. At illuminances below about 35 lux the date of flowering was unaffected. Between about 35 and 130 lux, flowering date was delayed in proportion to the logarithm of illuminance. Above about 130 lux no further delays in flowering were observed. The response for the period between flowering and seed growth was considerably different in comparison to the duration of the vegetative period. The duration of the early reproductive period was extended for many genotypes in proportion to a linear increase in illuminance up to about 120 lux. However, some genotypes showed small or negative responses of lengthened duration of early reproductive development to illuminance. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,BLDG 164,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90053-P PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JX246 UT WOS:A1993JX24600008 ER PT S AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Vorsa, N AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Vorsa, N BE ClaytonGreene, KA TI The generation, evaluation and utilization of hexaploid progeny from 3xx3x crosses of highbush blueberry: Germplasm transfer and 2n gametes in blueberry SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY JAN 14-16, 1993 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Horticultural Sci C1 USDA ARS,RUTGERS BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-475-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1993 IS 346 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE48H UT WOS:A1993BE48H00012 ER PT S AU Spiers, JM Magee, JB Braswell, JH AF Spiers, JM Magee, JB Braswell, JH BE ClaytonGreene, KA TI Influence of ethephon on fruit characteristics of southern highbush blueberries SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY JAN 14-16, 1993 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Horticultural Sci C1 USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-475-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1993 IS 346 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE48H UT WOS:A1993BE48H00027 ER PT J AU FLEBBE, PA AF FLEBBE, PA TI PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN AT RECENT ANNUAL-MEETINGS OF THE AFS SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Over the past few years, women have become increasingly visible at annual meetings of the American Fisheries Society. In 1987, women were first authors of only 5.9% of papers presented at the annual meeting, even though membership was approximately 8.7% female. By 1991, however, women were first authors for 11.9% of the papers presented and the membership was 11.8% female. Two trends appear to account for the change: women volunteered to speak in contributed paper sessions in higher proportions in 1991, and more women organized special symposia and invited other women to speak in the sessions. Increasing participation by women in AFS leadership roles is an efficient way to increase participation by women at large. RP FLEBBE, PA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COLDWATER FISHERIES RES UNIT,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KF444 UT WOS:A1993KF44400005 ER PT S AU FRIEDMAN, M AF FRIEDMAN, M BE Waldron, KW Johnson, IT Fenwick, GR TI CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR BENEFICIAL-EFFECTS OF SULFHYDRYL COMPOUNDS ON FOOD SAFETY SO FOOD AND CANCER PREVENTION: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food and Cancer Prevention: Chemical and Biological Aspects CY SEP 12-16, 1992 CL NORWICH, UNITED KINGDOM SP ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, FOOD CHEM GRP RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85186-455-4 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 1993 IS 123 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1533/9781845698256.4.193 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BZ55W UT WOS:A1993BZ55W00033 ER PT B AU Buntain, B Schwindaman, D AF Buntain, B Schwindaman, D GP USDA/PU TI Implications for guidelines and regulations SO FOOD ANIMAL WELL-BEING: 1994 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AND DELIBERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Food Animal Well-Being Conference and Workshop CY APR 13-15, 1993 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP USDA, Purdue Univ, Off Agr Res Programs AB Consensus of a broad-based, representative group of 21 people developed around two major priorities: 1) producers and the animal industries should self-govern programs to address animal wellbeing issues with the cooperation of all stakeholders, and 2) we must improve technology transfer, information exchange, communication, and coordination of programs through broad-based educational initiatives among all stakeholders on food animal well-being issues. Development of producer-owned and self-governed animal care assurance programs should be encouraged and are preferred to legislative mandates. Barriers to these priorities were recognized. However, these barriers may be minimized by: 1) creating and maintaining cooperative networks among all stakeholders; 2) establishing a system to disseminate information concerning the entire food chain in usable formats; and 3) identifying and capturing current programs and resources to coordinate a positive approach to educational efforts for food animal well-being issues for all stakeholders and communities. RP Buntain, B (reprint author), EXTENS SERV,USDA,ROOM 3334,S AGR BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PURDUE UNIVERSITY OFFICE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM PI W LAFAYETTE PA 1140 AGRICULTURAL ADM BLDG PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47909-1140 BN 0-931682-36-3 PY 1993 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BH09A UT WOS:A1993BH09A00012 ER PT B AU Gray, HG AF Gray, HG GP USDA/PU TI Overview and concluding remarks SO FOOD ANIMAL WELL-BEING: 1994 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AND DELIBERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Food Animal Well-Being Conference and Workshop CY APR 13-15, 1993 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP USDA, Purdue Univ, Off Agr Res Programs RP Gray, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,901 D ST SW,AEROSP BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PURDUE UNIVERSITY OFFICE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM PI W LAFAYETTE PA 1140 AGRICULTURAL ADM BLDG PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47909-1140 BN 0-931682-36-3 PY 1993 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BH09A UT WOS:A1993BH09A00014 ER PT J AU HAAS, MJ BAILEY, DG AF HAAS, MJ BAILEY, DG TI GLYCEROL AS A CARBON SOURCE FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY THE FUNGUS RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR SO FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED INTERESTERIFICATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; FATTY-ACIDS; ESTERIFICATION; OILS AB The ability of the fungus Rhizopus delemar to synthesize lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.3) when grown on glycerol as the prime carbon source was investigated. Glucose, glycerol and olive oil all supported fungal growth and lipase production. Maximum net and specific lipase activities obtained in glycerol were greater than those obtained in glucose and olive oil, and were reached earlier and maintained longer during growth. In glucose media, lipase activity did not appear until the glucose had been consumed. Differences in lipase activity between glycerol and glucose media were not due to pH-mediated lipase inactivation. In both glucose and glycerol media the appearance of lipolytic activity coincided with the appearance of lipase polypeptide. The data are consistent with the postulate that lipase synthesis is subject to catabolite repression by glucose. These studies identify a simple, single-phase medium for lipase production and establish the utility of glycerol for amplifying enzyme levels. RP HAAS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0890-5436 J9 FOOD BIOTECHNOL JI Food Biotechnol. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 73 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KY309 UT WOS:A1993KY30900004 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE AF INGLETT, GE TI AMYLODEXTRINS CONTAINING BETA-GLUCAN FROM OAT FLOURS AND BRAN SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS; STARCHES; AMYLOSE AB Amylodextrins with soluble beta-glucan contents as high as 10% were prepared from milled oat flours and bran. The level of enzymatic conversion was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The large molecular weight amylodextrin fragments containing the beta-glucan from low level amylolytic conversions were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The different elution times of the two separate enzyme conversion mixture components suggest different modes of enzyme actions. Lower molecular weight fractions are produced by the action of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase in contrast to the action of B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylase, due possibly to dissimilar enzyme dosages. Comparisons of the amylodextrin compositions produced by B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylase and B. licheniformis alpha-amylase systems at intermediate conversion levels revealed that the B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylase gave much larger quantities of the maltohexaose component than the B. licheniformis alpha-amylase. RP INGLETT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1993 VL 47 IS 2 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(93)90234-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LD460 UT WOS:A1993LD46000005 ER PT S AU SPANIER, AM AF SPANIER, AM BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FOOD QUALITY SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00003 ER PT S AU STANGELO, AJ AF STANGELO, AJ BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS FOR FLAVOR QUALITY MAINTENANCE SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP STANGELO, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 56 EP 77 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00007 ER PT S AU SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI ROLE OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN MEAT FLAVOR SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 78 EP 97 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00008 ER PT S AU SHIH, FF CAMPBELL, NF AF SHIH, FF CAMPBELL, NF BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF SOY PROTEINS TO IMPROVE THEIR FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES FOR FOOD USE SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP SHIH, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 181 EP 191 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00016 ER PT S AU BHATNAGAR, D COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE AF BHATNAGAR, D COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION - MOLECULAR STRATEGIES FOR ITS CONTROL SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP BHATNAGAR, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 272 EP 292 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00024 ER PT S AU THAYER, DW FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L AF THAYER, DW FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI EFFECTS OF IONIZING-RADIATION TREATMENTS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF MEATS SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 292 EP 302 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00025 ER PT S AU DIONIGI, CP AF DIONIGI, CP BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI PHYSIOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO CONTROL GEOSMIN SYNTHESIS IN CHANNEL CATFISH AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 322 EP 335 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00027 ER PT S AU JOHNSEN, PB AF JOHNSEN, PB BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY - MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - INTRODUCTION SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP JOHNSEN, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP R13 EP R14 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00002 ER PT S AU SPANIER, AM OKAI, H TAMURA, M AF SPANIER, AM OKAI, H TAMURA, M BE Spanier, AM Okai, H Tamura, M TI FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY - MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - PREFACE SO FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material CT SYMP ON FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY : MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2665-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP R11 EP R12 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY44L UT WOS:A1993BY44L00001 ER PT J AU LU, YC NIELSON, N AF LU, YC NIELSON, N TI FOOD EXPORT MARKETS IN EAST-ASIA SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review AB The five East Asian countries of Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore could provide the largest export markets in the world for U.S. agricultural products. With a large population base, rapid income growth, trends toward western tastes, and liberalization of trade barriers, these countries provide ample opportunities for U.S. agricultural exporters. However, because of differences in cultures, customs, and lifestyles, East Asian consumers want products that are suited to their tastes which may differ from products sold in the U.S. To penetrate the East Asian market and to compete successfully, U.S. agricultural exporters must have basic information about these countries so that they can tailor their products to meet the needs of East Asian consumers. This report provides U.S. agricultural exporters and would-be exporters an overview of each country as well as its agricultural policy, agricultural production and consumption, agricultural imports from the U.S. and other countries, tariff and other trade barriers, distribution channels, and export opportunities for U.S. agricultural products. RP LU, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARCW,BLDG 007,RM 008,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KQ430 UT WOS:A1993KQ43000001 ER PT J AU PURSEL, VG SOLOMON, MB AF PURSEL, VG SOLOMON, MB TI ALTERATION OF CARCASS COMPOSITION IN TRANSGENIC SWINE SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EXOGENOUS PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; INTRODUCING FOREIGN DNA; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; GERM-LINE; SYSTEMIC DELIVERY; GENE-TRANSFER; FUSION GENES; FIBER TYPES; MICE; PIGS AB During the past decade, scientists have learned how to transfer recombinant genes into the genomes of livestock to produce ''transgenic'' animals. Microinjection of ova with copies of a gene is the primary method used, but the efficiency is low. About 1% of injected ova result in transgenic offspring. Initial research primarily involved genes encoded for growth hormone (GH). The GH transgenes that have thus far been used result in high concentrations of GH being produced throughout life. In general, GH (bovine) pigs did not grow larger than their sibs, but they gained weight up to 13% faster and they were 18% more efficient in utilizing feed. The excess GH dramatically altered carcass composition in comparison to sibs. At 92 kg, carcasses of GH pigs had 85% less total fat, which consisted of 85% less saturated fatty acids (SFA), 91% less monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 66% less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than sibs. In primal cuts of GH pigs, intramuscular fat was reduced 43% in ham, 66% in loin, 64% in shoulder, and 69% in belly. No significant differences were detected in meat tenderness (shear force) for GH transgenics and sibs. Persistent excess GH in transgenic pigs was detrimental to their health. These problems were of such magnitude that these pigs could not be used for farming. When molecular biologists know more about gene regulation, transgenes can be constructed in which GH secretion might be tightly regulated. At that time, transgenic swine may be produced with positive attributes provided by a GH transgene, or other transgenes, with potential to improve carcass merit without adversely altering the health status of transgenic swine. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PURSEL, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 BP 423 EP 439 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LR558 UT WOS:A1993LR55800005 ER PT J AU MCWATTERS, KH RESURRECCION, AVA FLETCHER, SM PEISHER, AV ANDRESS, EL AF MCWATTERS, KH RESURRECCION, AVA FLETCHER, SM PEISHER, AV ANDRESS, EL TI PHYSICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF AKARA (FRIED COWPEA PASTE) MADE FROM WHOLE AND DECORTICATED COWPEAS (VIGNA-UNGUICULATA) SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ECON,AGR EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,EXTENS SERV,HEHN,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MCWATTERS, KH (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,AGR EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KW336 UT WOS:A1993KW33600012 ER PT J AU MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE BALDWIN, EA YUEN, W AF MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE BALDWIN, EA YUEN, W TI VOLATILE AND NONVOLATILE COMPONENTS IN HAMI MELON (CUCUMIS-MELO L) SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID AROMA VOLATILES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONSTITUENTS; FRUIT RP MOSHONAS, MG (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1993 VL 26 IS 6 BP 577 EP 589 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MN349 UT WOS:A1993MN34900015 ER PT J AU LIU, K HUNG, YC PHILLIPS, RD VARIANOMARSTON, E WOLF, WJ AF LIU, K HUNG, YC PHILLIPS, RD VARIANOMARSTON, E WOLF, WJ TI MECHANISM OF HARD-TO-COOK DEFECT IN COWPEAS - VERIFICATION VIA MICROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATION SO FOOD STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE HARD-TO-COOK; COWPEA MICROSTRUCTURE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STARCH GRANULES; PROTEIN MATRIX; WATER ABSORPTION; PROTEIN EXTRACTABILITY; STORAGE; SOAKING; AND HEATING ID BEANS PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; DRY BEANS; STORAGE; SOAKING; TIME AB It has been hypothesized that part of the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in cowpeas is due to decreases in solubility and thermal stability of intracellular proteins during storage since coagulated proteins would limit water to starch and prevent full swelling during cooking. To verify this hypothesis, effects of soaking and heating temperature on texture, water absorption, protein water extractability and microstructure of control and HTC cowpea seeds (aged or treated) were studied. Scanning electron microscopy showed no structural difference between dry control and dry aged seeds. However, after soaking, in contrast to the control, aged seeds exhibited a coarse protein matrix with tightly embedded starch granules and resistance to fracture. Treated seeds also showed tight embedment of starch granules. This indicates that storage proteins had coagulated or aggregated during aging or treatments, as evidenced also by very low extractability. Unlike 60-degrees-C, heating at 85-degrees-C dramatically decreased protein extractability and led starch granules to swell partially in control seeds and little in HTC seeds. When cooked (100-degrees-C), HTC seeds showed lack of cell separation and restricted starch swelling, all of which were in sharp contrast with the control. Results not only verified the aforementioned hypothesis but also reaffirmed the role of cell middle lamella, implying involvements of multiple mechanisms in bean hardening. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. E V MARSTON & ASSOCIATES,WILMINGTON,DE. USDA,N REG RES LAB,PEORIA,IL. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT PI CHICAGO PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 SN 1046-705X J9 FOOD STRUCT JI Food Struct. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy GA KZ245 UT WOS:A1993KZ24500006 ER PT J AU FARRELL, HM BROWN, EM KUMOSINSKI, TF AF FARRELL, HM BROWN, EM KUMOSINSKI, TF TI 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR MODELING OF BOVINE CASEINS SO FOOD STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; MILK PROTEINS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR COMPUTER MODELING; PHOSPHORYLATION SITES ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; KAPPA-CASEIN; BETA-CASEIN; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FORCE-FIELD; MILK; PREDICTION AB Three-dimensional (3-D) structures derived from X-ray crystallography are important in elucidating structure-function relationships for many proteins. However, not all food proteins can be crystallized. The caseins of bovine milk are one class of non-crystallizable proteins (alpha(s1)-, kappa-, and beta-). The complete primary and partial secondary structures of these proteins are known, but homologous proteins of known crystallographic structure cannot be found. Therefore, sequence based predictions of secondary structure were made and adjusted to conform with data from Raman and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. With this information, 3-D structures for these caseins were built using the Sybyl molecular modeling programs. The kappa-casein structure contained two anti-parallel beta-sheets which are predominately hydrophobic. The alpha(s1)-casein structure also contained a hydrophobic domain composed of beta-sheets as well as a hydrophilic domain; these two are connected by a segment of alpha-helix. Both the kappa- and alpha(s1)-caseins represent unrefined models in that they have been manipulated to remove unrealistic bonds but have not been energy-minimized. Nevertheless the models account for the tendency of these caseins to associate. The beta-casein model appears to follow a divergent structural pattern. When subjected to energy minimization, it yielded a loosely packed structure with an axial ratio of 2 to 1, a hydrophobic C-terminal domain, and a hydrophilic N-terminal end. All three casein structures showed good agreement with literature concerning their global biochemical and physico-chemical properties. RP FARRELL, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT PI CHICAGO PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 SN 1046-705X J9 FOOD STRUCT JI Food Struct. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 235 EP 250 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy GA LT278 UT WOS:A1993LT27800011 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL HANNA, WW CHERNEY, JH WEIMER, PJ HARBERS, LH AF AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL HANNA, WW CHERNEY, JH WEIMER, PJ HARBERS, LH TI BIODEGRADATION OF CELL-TYPES IN NORMAL AND BROWN MIDRIB MUTANT PEARL-MILLET (PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM (L) R BR) - MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF WALLS AND WALL LAYERS SO FOOD STRUCTURE LA English DT Discussion DE LIGNIN; PHENOLIC ACID ESTERS; PLANT CELL TYPES; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; BIODEGRADATION ID PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; DIGESTIBILITY; LIGNIN; TISSUES; SPECTROSCOPY; FRACTIONS; DIGESTION; SORGHUM; STEMS AB Aromatic constituents of cell walls limit the feeding value of forages, but information is lacking on the sites and types of these constituents that retard biodegradation. A series of cell types in stems and leaf blades of a normal (N) and a brown midrib (bmr) mutant line of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) were analyzed by UV absorption microspectrophotometry from freeze-dried bulk walls and from 4 mum thick sections. Cell types were evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy for rumen microbial degradation. Generally, N cell walls had a higher absorbance, hypsochromatically shifted lambda(max), and a higher absorbance ratio (280:320 nm) compared with bmr walls. Spectra suggested that ester-linked phenolic acids were present in lignified and non-lignified walls of both plant lines. Results are consistent with previous information that N cell types have substantially higher concentrations of ester-linked p-coumaric acid and more condensed aromatics than bmr walls. Pronounced variations occurred within regions of some cell types, including the middle lamella region vs. secondary layers of sclerenchyma cells and the outer vs. inner regions of epidermal cells. Biodegradable cell walls, such as stem parenchyma and epidermis and parenchyma bundle sheaths of leaf blades, showed less absorbance than heavily lignified walls. For some walls, UV spectra related well with variations in digestibility, while for other cell walls further work is needed to relate spectra to biodegradation. C1 USDA ARS, COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT PI CHICAGO PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 USA SN 1046-705X J9 FOOD STRUCT JI Food Struct. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 321 EP 332 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy GA NE888 UT WOS:A1993NE88800005 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RS FEIST, WC AF WILLIAMS, RS FEIST, WC TI DURABILITY OF PAINT OR SOLID-COLOR STAIN APPLIED TO PREWEATHERED WOOD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB Unfinished wood siding was exposed outdoors for 1 to 16 weeks. Following this preweathering, the specimens were finished with a variety of film-forming finishes (paints or solid-color stains) and placed out-doors again (weathered) for several years. The finished specimens were evaluated annually to determine the effect of preweathering on finish performance. The longer the preweathering time, the more rapidly the finish developed cracking and flaking. Applying a water-repellent preservative to the preweathered wood before painting slowed this paint degradation. An acrylic latex primer and topcoat system was slightly more durable than an oil-based primer/latex topcoat system. Paint systems were vastly superior to the one coat solid-color stains. The durability of the finishes was compared with the results of adhesion testing of similar panels that were not weathered. The paint/wood wood bond strength, measured shortly after the paint cured, was a good indication of the durability of the paint system. RP WILLIAMS, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KG750 UT WOS:A1993KG75000002 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM SPELTER, H AROLA, RA DAVIS, P FRIBERG, T HEMINGWAY, RW RIALS, T LUNEKE, D NARAYAN, R SIMONSEN, J WHITE, D AF ROWELL, RM SPELTER, H AROLA, RA DAVIS, P FRIBERG, T HEMINGWAY, RW RIALS, T LUNEKE, D NARAYAN, R SIMONSEN, J WHITE, D TI OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPOSITES FROM RECYCLED WASTEWOOD-BASED RESOURCES - A PROBLEM ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH PLAN SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB There are many opportunities to produce composites from recycled biobased fiber. The fiber can be used alone to make low-cost and high-performance composites, combined with inorganic materials, or combined with other recycled materials, such as plastics, to produce mixtures, compatibilized blends, and alloys. This report describes the resources available; problems associated with collecting, sorting, cleaning, breakdown, classification, and blending of the recycled resources; and process considerations for forming various types of composites. We propose a framework for research to utilize biobased resources in the waste stream through the development of technologies that will produce composite products and commodities. Research in these areas can result in new lines of products that are cost effective, designed to meet end-use requirements, and environmentally compatible. C1 US FOREST SERV,ALEXANDRIA FORESTRY CTR,SO STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RECOVERY SYST INC,DENVER,CO 80202. WEYERHAEUSER TECH RES CTR,RECYCLED MAT,TACOMA,WA 98477. PERMABOARD,PORTLAND,OR 97202. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,MICHIGAN BIOTECHNOL INST,E LANSING,MI 48909. OREGON STATE UNIV,FOREST RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV ARIZONA,COLL ENGN & MINES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KG750 UT WOS:A1993KG75000011 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SE GEIMER, RL KAMKE, FA AF JOHNSON, SE GEIMER, RL KAMKE, FA TI MAT ENVIRONMENTS AND FLAKEBOARD PROPERTIES AS AFFECTED BY STEAM INJECTION PRESSING VARIABLES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB Flakeboard mat vapor pressure and temperature were recorded while varying steam injection pressing treatments to determine the effect of mat environment on adhesive bonding and dimensional stability. High temperatures from severe steam treatments or extended press times were required to produce good internal bond strengths with liquid phenol-formaldehyde resol adhesives. Excellent internal bond strengths were produced with isocyanate adhesive in all steam treatments, even when press times were reduced. Increasing the severity of the steam treatment decreased water-soak thickness swelling and initial springback out of press, although initial springback was also reduced by increasing press time. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP JOHNSON, SE (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KG750 UT WOS:A1993KG75000012 ER PT B AU AMACHER, GS HYDE, WF AF AMACHER, GS HYDE, WF BE Adamowicz, WL White, W Phillips, WE TI HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION FOR FORESTRY AND ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT - TESTS OF HYPOTHESES REGARDING WOMEN, FUELWOOD, IMPROVED STOVES AND OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES IN NEPAL SO FORESTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON FORESTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES CY MAR 09-12, 1992 CL JASPER NATL PARK, CANADA SP ALBERTA GOVT, DEPT FORESTRY LANDS & WILDLIFE, FORESTRY CANADA, ALBERTA FOREST SERV, UNIV ALBERTA RP AMACHER, GS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES STN 534,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD BN 0-85198-827-X PY 1993 BP 19 EP 37 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY63F UT WOS:A1993BY63F00002 ER PT B AU HYDE, WF SEVE, JE AF HYDE, WF SEVE, JE BE Adamowicz, WL White, W Phillips, WE TI AN ECONOMIC-VIEW OF DEFORESTATION - CONCEPT AND APPLICATION IN A SEVERELY DEFORESTED COUNTRY SO FORESTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON FORESTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES CY MAR 09-12, 1992 CL JASPER NATL PARK, CANADA SP ALBERTA GOVT, DEPT FORESTRY LANDS & WILDLIFE, FORESTRY CANADA, ALBERTA FOREST SERV, UNIV ALBERTA RP HYDE, WF (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES STN 534,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD BN 0-85198-827-X PY 1993 BP 38 EP 56 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY63F UT WOS:A1993BY63F00003 ER PT B AU BRADLEY, DP AF BRADLEY, DP BE Adamowicz, WL White, W Phillips, WE TI WHAT WOULD AN ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ACTUALLY DO TO INTEGRATE ECOSYSTEM AND SOCIAL SYSTEM HEALTH - A SPECTRUM OF APPROACHES SO FORESTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON FORESTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES CY MAR 09-12, 1992 CL JASPER NATL PARK, CANADA SP ALBERTA GOVT, DEPT FORESTRY LANDS & WILDLIFE, FORESTRY CANADA, ALBERTA FOREST SERV, UNIV ALBERTA RP BRADLEY, DP (reprint author), USDA N CENT,FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD BN 0-85198-827-X PY 1993 BP 155 EP 170 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY63F UT WOS:A1993BY63F00009 ER PT J AU TSCHURSIN, E WOLF, WR AF TSCHURSIN, E WOLF, WR TI MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY FOR CHEMICAL-SPECIES OF SELENIUM IN FOODS UTILIZING ESCHERICHIA-COLI FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL REFERENCE MATERIALS ( BERM-5 ) CY MAY 11-14, 1992 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP DEUT FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCH, UNEP, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KFA JULICH, MINIST WISSENSCH & FORSCH LANDES NORDRHEIN WEST FALEN, INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, USDA, NIST, US FDA, INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY ID MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AB The problems inherent in chemical speciation of selenium in food are being overcome by developing a bioassay which takes advantage of the presence in Escherichia coli of formate dehydrogenase enzymes that require selenium for synthesis. Formate dehydrogenase catalyzes the formation Of CO2 from formic acid, a metabolite of sugar fermentation. Various selenium compounds utilized in formate dehydrogenase production can be quantitated by measuring CO2 with an Infrared Analyzer. This assay is sensitive at the picomoles/mg level of selenium in food. Linear dose response curves have been generated over several orders of magnitude, extending down to the picomoles/ml range for selenomethionine, selenocystine and sodium selenite. A dose response relationship has been demonstrated to acid hydrolyzates of a wheat gluten reference material (NIST RM 8418) obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 345 IS 2-4 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1007/BF00322602 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KM830 UT WOS:A1993KM83000046 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RJ AF KNIGHT, RJ TI EVALUATING IMPORTANT FRUIT CHARACTERS IN MANGO GERMPLASM SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Standardized criteria are needed to select mango (Mangifera indica L.) seedlings that merit retention in a varietal improvement program, and to compare selections and cultivars evaluated. Such criteria allow comparisons of seedlings and new or uncommon cultivars with well-known standards. Preferences vary in different regions of the world, and performance of a given cultivar may vary; however, application of this system or clearly defined modifications of it can enhance the interchange of information and plant material worldwide. Traits of importance are shape, size, color, firmness, fiber content, disease resistance, flavor, and productivity. A tabular system for rating these character was developed and is being used to advantage is a program of mango germplasm evaluation. Occasional defects such as fruit cracking, ''jelly-seed,'' or internal breakdown are noted when necessary in a ''Remarks'' column. A ''Score'' column provides space to give an estimate of overall quality; also, a tree slated for discard is designated here by a special sign, ''/x/''. RP KNIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, MIAMI, FL 33158 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL781 UT WOS:A1993KL78100005 ER PT J AU GOFF, WD CAMPBELL, L THOMPSON, TE BANNON, JS LATHAM, AJ AF GOFF, WD CAMPBELL, L THOMPSON, TE BANNON, JS LATHAM, AJ TI SCAB OCCURRENCE ON PECAN CLONES IN ALABAMA IN A YEAR OF HIGH DISEASE INCIDENCE SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Occurrence of scab, a fungus disease of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) caused by Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. et Lang.) Gottwald [= Fusicladium effusum Wint.) was rated on 63 pecan clones at five locations in Alabama during a year of high disease incidence. Locally-selected clones of seedling origin, 'Deakle's Special,' 'Dixie,' and 'Gafford,' were entirely free of scab symptoms on both nuts and leaves of unsprayed trees. Advanced USDA selections 70-3-34 and 72-2-9 had very low scab incidence. Seven other USDA selections, 75-5-32, 78-15-51, 72-6-36, 76-7-41, 73-1-10, 72-10-51, and 70-4-9 had significantly worse scab than did the standard cultivar 'Desirable.' RP GOFF, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL781 UT WOS:A1993KL78100008 ER PT J AU MAYEUX, HS JOHNSON, HB POLLEY, HW DUMESNIL, MJ SPANEL, GA AF MAYEUX, HS JOHNSON, HB POLLEY, HW DUMESNIL, MJ SPANEL, GA TI A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT CHAMBER FOR GROWING PLANTS ACROSS A SUBAMBIENT CO2 GRADIENT SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBON BALANCE; COMPETITION; GLOBAL CHANGE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY AB 1. An elongated, controlled environment chamber is described in which a continuous, reproducible gradient of subambient CO2 Concentration ([CO2]) is maintained during daylight hours to assess plant responses to past increases in atmospheric [CO2]. 2. The [CO2] of air moved unidirectionally through the 37-6-m long chamber by a blower is progressively depleted by photosynthesis of plants growing in the chamber. 3. Plant top-growth is contained in a transparent film tunnel which rests upon an enclosed soil volume that is 45 cm wide and 76 cm deep. 4. The desired minimum concentration to which CO2 is depleted at the end of the chamber, usually 150 or 200 mul l-1, is maintained by varying the blower speed with a micrologger program dependent upon real-time sensing Of [CO2] and light intensity. 5. Dewpoint and dry bulb temperatures are also controlled by a micrologger- and computer-monitored air-conditioning system. RP MAYEUX, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.2307/2389875 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM155 UT WOS:A1993KM15500015 ER PT B AU DULANEY, WP HART, GF LENGNICK, LL AF DULANEY, WP HART, GF LENGNICK, LL GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI FACILITATING EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN WITH GPS, REMOTE-SENSING, AND GIS TECHNIQUES SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 0-944426-99-9 PY 1993 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99B UT WOS:A1993BZ99B00025 ER PT J AU OKAY, J WILLIAMS, R AF OKAY, J WILLIAMS, R TI INTERAGENCY WORKSHOP ON PUBLIC-ACCESS - A SUMMARY FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB In May 1991, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the first interagency conference on public access at Solomons Island, Maryland. The conference was in response to a growing need for increased public access, apparent in legislation and mission requirements, to government information. It offered departmental and agency representatives an opportunity to share experiences and to discuss the need for an integrated approach among the Federal departments and agencies to public access and dissemination of government information [see Government Information Quarterly, 9 (1992): 187-198]. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Information Resources Management sponsored the second of these interagency meetings. Convened at Solomons, Maryland on November 18-19, 1991, the workshop focused on the issues surrounding public access to Federal computers, and the need for the development of policy statements that the various departments and agencies could adapt. This article provides an historical record of that conference.1 C1 USDA,OFF INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,ROOM 414-W,ADMBG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0740-624X(93)90053-3 PG 17 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA LG476 UT WOS:A1993LG47600005 ER PT B AU COHEN, WB FIORELLA, M MAIERSPERGER, TK AF COHEN, WB FIORELLA, M MAIERSPERGER, TK BE Nasr, HN TI MODELING EFFECTS OF LAND-USE ON CARBON STORAGE IN THE FORESTS OF THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST, USA - THE CHALLENGE FOR REMOTE-SENSING SO GROUND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON GROUND SENSING CY APR 14, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP COHEN, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-1177-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1993 VL 1941 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.154702 PG 5 WC Forestry; Optics SC Forestry; Optics GA BZ37B UT WOS:A1993BZ37B00006 ER PT B AU KOSTOV, KG JACKSON, TJ AF KOSTOV, KG JACKSON, TJ BE Nasr, HN TI ESTIMATING PROFILE SOIL-MOISTURE FROM SURFACE-LAYER MEASUREMENTS - A REVIEW SO GROUND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON GROUND SENSING CY APR 14, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP KOSTOV, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-1177-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1993 VL 1941 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.154681 PG 12 WC Forestry; Optics SC Forestry; Optics GA BZ37B UT WOS:A1993BZ37B00014 ER PT B AU REEDS, PJ BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, MA MERSMANN, HJ POND, WG AF REEDS, PJ BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, MA MERSMANN, HJ POND, WG BE Hollis, GR TI GROWTH-REGULATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PIG SO GROWTH OF THE PIG LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Univ-of-Illinois Pork Industry Conference on Swine Growth CY NOV, 1992 CL CHAMPAIGN, IL SP UNIV ILLINOIS RP REEDS, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,ROOM 9066,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85198-856-3 PY 1993 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BA78W UT WOS:A1993BA78W00001 ER PT B AU HAUSMAN, GJ HAUSMAN, DB AF HAUSMAN, GJ HAUSMAN, DB BE Hollis, GR TI ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE DEVELOPMENT - CELLULAR AND METABOLIC ASPECTS SO GROWTH OF THE PIG LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Univ-of-Illinois Pork Industry Conference on Swine Growth CY NOV, 1992 CL CHAMPAIGN, IL SP UNIV ILLINOIS RP HAUSMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSEL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85198-856-3 PY 1993 BP 49 EP 73 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BA78W UT WOS:A1993BA78W00003 ER PT J AU KOMUVES, LG NICHOLS, BL HUTCHENS, TW HEATH, JP AF KOMUVES, LG NICHOLS, BL HUTCHENS, TW HEATH, JP TI FORMATION OF CRYSTALLOID INCLUSIONS IN THE SMALL-INTESTINE OF NEONATAL PIGS - AN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDY USING COLLOIDAL GOLD SO HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; TISSUE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; CELLS; MICROSCOPY; LACTATION; ANTIGENS; COMPLEX; RATS AB Enterocytes of the small intestine in 1-day-old suckling piglets contain numerous vesicles in the apical cytoplasm and a large granule located beneath the nucleus. Within the next 3 days, these granules transform into electron-dense crystalloid inclusions. These membrane-bound inclusions are up to 10 mum in length and 1-2 mum in diameter, and they are composed of electron-dense lamellae 3.9 nm apart. Postembedding immunocytochemistry, using rabbit anti-porcine IgG and goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to 10 nm colloidal gold, revealed that both the granules and the crystalloid inclusions contained a high concentration of maternal IgG. Although the IgG content of the crystalloid inclusions was detected on epoxy-embedded sections, the use of LR White resin resulted in a much higher density of labelling. Quantification of the labelling density showed that the concentration of IgG in the crystalloid inclusions was approximately ten times higher than that in the lumenal colostrum and approximately three times higher than that in the granules. These observations showed that there are at least three compartments involved in the accretion of IgG in the small intestine of neonatal piglets: smaller apical endocytotic vesicles, large subnuclear granules and crystalloid inclusions. The role of these compartments in maternal immunoglobulin absorption and in the acquisition of passive immunity has yet to be explored. RP BAYLOR COLL MED, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, USDA ARS, MICROSCOPY LAB, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-2214 J9 HISTOCHEM J JI Histochem.J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF00161041 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA KK505 UT WOS:A1993KK50500003 PM 8381778 ER PT S AU HELLING, CS AF HELLING, CS GP STOCKHOLM VATTEN TI PESTICIDES, AGRICULTURE, AND WATER-QUALITY SO HOLISTIC APPROACH TO WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT: FINDING LIFE-STYLES AND MEASURES FOR MINIMIZING HARMFUL FLUXES FROM LAND TO WATER - PROCEEDINGS: STOCKHOLM WATER SYMPOSIUM SE STOCKHOLM WATER SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Stockholm Water Symposium: A Holistic Approach to Water Quality Management CY AUG 10-14, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP CITY STOCKHOLM, INT ASSOC LIMNOL, INT ASSOC SEDIMENT WATER SCI, INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, INT WATER SUPPLY ASSOC, ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD ENGN SCI, ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCI, STOCKHOLM WATER WORKS ASSOC, WATER ENVIRONM FEDERAT, WORLD BANK, WORLD WIDE FUND NAT C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKHOLM VATTEN AB PI STOCKHOLM PA TORSGATAN 26, BOX 6407, 11382 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 1103-0127 BN 91-971929-4-5 J9 STOCKHOLM WATER SYMP PY 1993 IS 2 BP 235 EP 251 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BA31G UT WOS:A1993BA31G00017 ER PT J AU AKHTAR, M ATTRIDGE, MC MYERS, GC BLANCHETTE, RA AF AKHTAR, M ATTRIDGE, MC MYERS, GC BLANCHETTE, RA TI BIOMECHANICAL PULPING OF LOBLOLLY-PINE CHIPS WITH SELECTED WHITE-ROT FUNGI SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE BIOMECHANICAL PULPING; BIOPULPING; BIOREACTOR; ENERGY SAVINGS; PAPER STRENGTH PROPERTIES; PAPER OPTICAL PROPERTIES; LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS-TAEDA); WHITE-ROT FUNGI ID ASPEN CHIPS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; WOOD AB Loblolly pine chips were treated with several white-rot fungi in two different bioreactor configurations for four weeks prior to refiner mechanical pulping. Irrespective of the bioreactor configuration, all fungal treatments caused some chip weight loss and saved electrical energy during fiberization and refining as compared to the untreated control. Some of the fungal treatments improved strength properties of the handsheets, whereas brightness and light scattering coefficient of the handsheets were decreased after all of the fungal treatments. Opacity of the handsheets after the fungal treatments remained unchanged. Based on energy savings and improvements in the strength properties, regardless of bioreactor type, the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora appeared to be superior to the other white-rot fungi tested. When incubated in stationary tray bioreactors, C. subvermispora caused only 6% weight loss, saved 42% energy during fiberization and refining, improved burst index by 32% and tear index by 67%, as compared to the control. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP AKHTAR, M (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 23 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1993 VL 47 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.1.36 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KP805 UT WOS:A1993KP80500006 ER PT J AU CHRISTIANSEN, AW FOLLENSBEE, RA GEIMER, RL KOUTSKY, JA MYERS, GE AF CHRISTIANSEN, AW FOLLENSBEE, RA GEIMER, RL KOUTSKY, JA MYERS, GE TI PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN CURING AND BONDING IN STEAM-INJECTION PRESSING .2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RATES OF CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL RESPONSES TO RESIN CURE SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE; RESIN; CURE RATE; DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING; CALORIMETRY; MECHANICAL CURE; CHEMICAL CURE AB Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to samples of phenol-formaldehyde resole resins that had been previously exposed to dry precure conditions. The area under tan delta curves during DMA isothermal scans of such samples decreased as the degree of precure increased; this area was used as an empirical measure of the rate of mechanical cure for phenolic resins. Similarly, the DSC exotherm area decreased with greater sample precure; this area was used to measure the rate of chemical cure. Rates of mechanical and chemical cure differed for different resins and with temperature. Under dry precure conditions at 115-degrees and 140-degrees-C, a high degree of mechanical cure was achieved at a low degree of chemical cure. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP CHRISTIANSEN, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1993 VL 47 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.1.76 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KP805 UT WOS:A1993KP80500014 ER PT J AU FLOURNOY, DS PAUL, JA KIRK, TK HIGHLEY, TL AF FLOURNOY, DS PAUL, JA KIRK, TK HIGHLEY, TL TI CHANGES IN THE SIZE AND VOLUME OF PORES IN SWEETGUM WOOD DURING SIMULTANEOUS ROT BY PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM BURDS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE WHITE-ROT; FUNGI; PORE SIZE; CELL WALL VOID VOLUME; WOOD DECAY; LIGNIN; CELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSE; SIMULTANEOUS ROT; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BURDS ID WHITE-ROT; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; FUNGI; BASIDIOMYCETE; LOCALIZATION; CELLULASES; DECAY; PINE AB The purpose of this study was to examine changes in cell wall void (pore) volume and pore size distribution in sweetgum wood during decay by a white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. Results of the study may provide quantitative answers to questions regarding the accessibility of degradative proteins to their respective substrates within the cell wall. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraeiflua L.) wood blocks were decayed by Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. in soil-block cultures. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were removed at approximately equal rates with progression of decay. Decay was terminated at various weight losses, and the pore volumes available to probes of various molecular weight and diameter were determined by the solute exclusion technique. The cell wall void volume in sound sweetgum wood was 0.35 ml . g-1 and the maximum pore diameter, 2 nm (20 angstrom). In white-rot decayed wood, cell wall void volume increased to 0.6 ml . g-1 at 40% weight loss, and maximum pore diameter increased to more than 5 nm (50 angstrom). Most of the cell wall void volume increase resulted from the creation of pores of 2 to 5 nm (20 to 50 angstrom) diameter. Assuming a model in which the cell wall is built of microfibrils laterally associated to form lamellae, we conclude that ligninolytic enzymes are expected to penetrate only a small fraction of new cell wall void volume, even after extensive decay, whereas small enzymes of 2 to 3 nm (20 to 30 angstrom) may gain access to considerable new cell void volume. RP FLOURNOY, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.4.297 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LW835 UT WOS:A1993LW83500006 ER PT J AU PETTERSEN, RC WARD, JC LAWRENCE, AH AF PETTERSEN, RC WARD, JC LAWRENCE, AH TI DETECTION OF NORTHERN RED OAK WETWOOD BY FAST HEATING AND ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE NORTHERN RED OAK; WETWOOD; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY (IMS); GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS); EXTRACTIVES; PYROGALLOL; RESORCINOL; GALLIC ACID; QUERCITOL; CHEMICAL DETECTION ID QUERCUS-ROBUR; WOOD AB Rapid detection of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) wetwood is demonstrated by a relatively new chemical technique using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). A sliver of wood is rapidly heated to 200-degrees-C, and the emitted volatile compounds are ionized and separated in a drift chamber that is at atmospheric pressure. Detection is either by an ion collector or a mass spectrometer. A complete ion mobility profile of the volatile organic compounds emitted can be obtained in seconds. The IMS results comparing normal red oak heartwood with red oak wetwood showed a consistent and distinct pattern difference of emitted volatile compounds. The major difference is the presence of pyrogallol in the wetwood and its absence in normal heartwood. Analysis of methanol extracts of the wood samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) supported this finding; resorcinol was detected in the wetwood but not in the normal heartwood. Quantitative results are presented for resorcinol, pyrogallol, quercitol, and gallic acid in the methanol extracts from 24 mixed samples of northern red oak wetwood and normal heartwood. The fundamental nature of this work is a basis for understanding the chemistry of wetwood. Understanding wetwood may lead to technical developments for rapid, large-scale detection of wetwood in either living trees or lumber in processing mills. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,TRACE VAPOUR DETECT SECT,OTTAWA K1A 0R6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP PETTERSEN, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1993 VL 47 IS 6 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.6.513 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ML941 UT WOS:A1993ML94100011 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ AF HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ TI INFLUENCE OF THE PITUITARY ON LIPOLYSIS AND LIPOGENESIS IN FETAL PIG ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HYPOPHYSECTOMY; ADIPOSE TISSUE; LIPID METABOLISM; PIGS; FETUS ID GROWTH-HORMONE; ENDOCRINE REGULATION; THYROID-HORMONE; INSULIN; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; RAT AB This study was performed to verify and further characterize the role of neuroendocrine factors in the regulation of fetal adipose metabolism. On day 72 to 74 of gestation, pig fetuses in one uterine horn were hypophysectomized (hypoxed) by micro-cauterization, fetuses in the other horn served as sham controls. Fetuses were removed by laparotomy on day 110 of gestation. Slices of subcutaneous adipose tissue from control fetuses responded to lipolytic stimulation by norepinephrine alone (NE; 1 mug/ml), NE plus adenosine deaminase (l60 mUnits/ml) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 mM). Adipose tissue from hypoxed fetuses, however, responded to lipolytic stimulation by only dibutyryl cyclic AMP, not NE. Lipogenesis in adipose tissue slices, as quantitated by (H2O)-H-3 incorporation into triglyceride fatty acids, was increased 2.6 fold by hypophysectomy. These results demonstrate the necessity of a functioning pituitary in the normal regulation of fatty acid synthesis and receptor-mediated lipolytic response in developing fetal adipose tissue. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HAUSMAN, DB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,269 DAWSON HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0018-5043 J9 HORM METAB RES JI Horm. Metab. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1002037 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KH971 UT WOS:A1993KH97100005 PM 8381379 ER PT J AU FERY, RL DUKES, PD AF FERY, RL DUKES, PD TI BETTERGRO BLACKEYE SOUTHERNPEA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COWPEA; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; INSECT RESISTANCE; COWPEA CURCULIO; CHALCODERMUS-AENEUS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; RUST; UROMYCES-PHASEOLI VAR VIGNAE; POWDERY MILDEW; ERYSIPHE-POLYGONI; NEMATODE RESISTANCE; ROOT KNOT; MELOIDOGYNE SPP; VEGETABLE BREEDING RP FERY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KP811 UT WOS:A1993KP81100024 ER PT S AU LUKASKI, HC AF LUKASKI, HC BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI COMPARISON OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL PLACEMENTS OF ELECTRODES TO ASSESS HUMAN-BODY COMPOSITION BY BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00007 PM 8110159 ER PT S AU KEHAYIAS, JJ ZHUANG, H AF KEHAYIAS, JJ ZHUANG, H BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI MEASUREMENT OF REGIONAL BODY-FAT IN-VIVO IN HUMANS BY SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF REGIONAL CARBON AND OXYGEN, USING NEUTRON INELASTIC-SCATTERING AT LOW RADIATION EXPOSURE SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00009 PM 8110162 ER PT S AU VANLOAN, MD WITHERS, P MATTHIE, J MAYCLIN, PL AF VANLOAN, MD WITHERS, P MATTHIE, J MAYCLIN, PL BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI USE OF BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY TO DETERMINE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID, INTRACELLULAR FLUID, TOTAL-BODY WATER, AND FAT-FREE MASS SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00013 PM 8110166 ER PT S AU MITCHELL, AD WANG, PC SONG, HF SCHMIDT, WF AF MITCHELL, AD WANG, PC SONG, HF SCHMIDT, WF BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI BODY-COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF THE PIG BY MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00024 PM 8110087 ER PT S AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SCHANLER, RJ AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SCHANLER, RJ BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI BODY-COMPOSITION OF INFANTS - HUMAN CADAVER STUDIES SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIATR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00033 PM 8110096 ER PT S AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ PRATT, JA POND, WG AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ PRATT, JA POND, WG BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI ACCURACY OF DXA-BASED BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS FOR PEDIATRIC STUDIES SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00034 PM 8110098 ER PT S AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI WHOLE-BODY POTASSIUM MEASUREMENTS INDEPENDENT OF BODY-SIZE SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00087 PM 8110154 ER PT S AU SHYPAILO, RJ ELLIS, KJ AF SHYPAILO, RJ ELLIS, KJ BE Ellis, KJ Eastman, JD TI DEVELOPMENT OF POSITION ENERGY-SENSITIVE DETECTORS FOR BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS SO HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION: IN VIVO METHODS, MODELS, AND ASSESSMENT SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY NOV 10-12, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR, HOLOGIC, XITRON, EM SCAN, BICRON, CANBERRA, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, BAYLOR COLL MED C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44569-7 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1993 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BZ43M UT WOS:A1993BZ43M00092 PM 8110160 ER PT B AU JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM SCHIEBE, FR SCHMUGGE, TJ AF JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM SCHIEBE, FR SCHMUGGE, TJ BE Fujimura, S TI LARGE-AREA MAPPING OF SOIL-MOISTURE USING PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY IN THE WASHITA-92 EXPERIMENT SO IGARSS'93: BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EARTH ENVIRONMENT, VOLS I-IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 93) CY AUG 18-21, 1993 CL KOGAKUIN UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE, UNION RADIO SCI INT, INST ELECTR INFORMAT & COMMUN ENGINEERS JAPAN HO KOGAKUIN UNIV C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1240-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1993 BP 1009 EP 1012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BA46R UT WOS:A1993BA46R00295 ER PT B AU DAUGHTRY, CST MCMURTREY, JE CHAPPELLE, EW DULANEY, WP IRONS, JR SATTERWHITE, MB AF DAUGHTRY, CST MCMURTREY, JE CHAPPELLE, EW DULANEY, WP IRONS, JR SATTERWHITE, MB BE Fujimura, S TI DISCRIMINATING CROP RESIDUES FROM SOIL BY REFLECTANCE AND FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES SO IGARSS'93: BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EARTH ENVIRONMENT, VOLS I-IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 93) CY AUG 18-21, 1993 CL KOGAKUIN UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE, UNION RADIO SCI INT, INST ELECTR INFORMAT & COMMUN ENGINEERS JAPAN HO KOGAKUIN UNIV C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1240-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1993 BP 1325 EP 1328 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BA46R UT WOS:A1993BA46R00382 ER PT J AU PHARR, GT BACON, LD DODGSON, JB AF PHARR, GT BACON, LD DODGSON, JB TI ANALYSIS OF B-L-BETA-CHAIN GENE-EXPRESSION IN 2 CHICKEN CDNA LIBRARIES SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Note ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-II; MHC GENES; ANTIGENS; CLONES C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP PHARR, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD JAN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 5 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1007/BF00216803 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA KH989 UT WOS:A1993KH98900008 PM 8428771 ER PT B AU SAVABI, MR ARNOLD, JG NICKS, AD AF SAVABI, MR ARNOLD, JG NICKS, AD BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI IMPACT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES ON HYDROLOGY AND SOIL EROSION - A MODELING APPROACH SO IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGE ON GLOBAL AND REGIONAL HYDROLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Impact of Environmental and Climatic Change on Global and Regional Hydrology CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSO GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60G UT WOS:A1993BZ60G00001 ER PT J AU NICKS, AD AF NICKS, AD BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI MODELING HYDROLOGIC IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE USING STOCHASTICALLY GENERATED CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS SO IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGE ON GLOBAL AND REGIONAL HYDROLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Impact of Environmental and Climatic Change on Global and Regional Hydrology CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSO GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60G UT WOS:A1993BZ60G00003 ER PT J AU GRISSINGER, EH MURPHEY, JB AF GRISSINGER, EH MURPHEY, JB BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI THE VALLEY-FILL DEPOSITIONAL RECORD OF HOLOCENE PALEOHYDROLOGY IN NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI, USA SO IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGE ON GLOBAL AND REGIONAL HYDROLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Impact of Environmental and Climatic Change on Global and Regional Hydrology CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSO GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60G UT WOS:A1993BZ60G00013 ER PT J AU STRAUS, DC UNBEHAGEN, PJ PURDY, CW AF STRAUS, DC UNBEHAGEN, PJ PURDY, CW TI NEURAMINIDASE PRODUCTION BY A PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA A1 STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH BOVINE PNEUMONIA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; EXTRACELLULAR NEURAMINIDASE; PURIFICATION AB The properties of an extracellular neuraminidase produced by a Pasteurella haemolytica Al strain (isolated from a case of bovine pneumonia) during growth in a defined medium were examined in this investigation. This enzyme, isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of P. haemolytica Al, was active against N-acetyl-neuramin lactose, human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Neuraminidase production paralleled bacterial growth in a defined medium and was maximal in the stationary phase of growth. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. These procedures yielded an enzyme preparation that possessed a specific activity of 100.62 mumol of sialic acid released per min per mg of protein against human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The K(m) value for this enzyme with human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as the substrate was 1.1 mg/ml, and the enzyme possessed a pH optimum of 6.5. The P. haemolytica Al neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 as estimated by gel filtration and approximately 170,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was stable at 4-degrees-C for 3 h. At 37-degrees-C for 3 h, 25% of enzymatic activity was lost. Approximately 55% of the enzyme activity was lost within 30 min at 50-degrees-C, with greater than 70% of the enzyme activity being destroyed within 10 min at temperatures of greater-than-or-equal-to 65-degrees-C. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP STRAUS, DC (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79430, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KF636 UT WOS:A1993KF63600033 PM 8418046 ER PT J AU GELMAN, DB THYAGARAJA, BS BELL, RA AF GELMAN, DB THYAGARAJA, BS BELL, RA TI ECDYSIOTROPIC ACTIVITY IN THE LEPIDOPTERAN HINDGUT - AN UPDATE SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECDYSIOTROPIN; PROCTODAEUM; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; ECDYSONE ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; INSECT PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BOMBYX-MORI; ECDYSTEROID SYNTHESIS; ECDYSONE SYNTHESIS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; ADULT MOSQUITO; 5TH INSTARS AB The production of ecdysteroid by the insect prothoracic glands (PTGs) is initiated by an ecdysiotropin, prothoracicotropic hormone, which is produced by the brain and released into the hemolymph from its neurohemal organ. Recently we reported the discovery of another ecdysiotropin which is localized in the lepidopteran hindgut or proctodaeum. It is a small, heat-stable peptide which is resistant to freeze-thaw and to extraction with organic solvents. Based on size-exclusion HPLC, we now estimate its molecular weight to be 500-1500 Da. The hindgut ecdysiotropin stimulates the PTGs of Lymantria dispar to produce both ecdysone and 3-dehydroecdysone in a dose-dependent manner. Ecdysteroid production was maximum in the presence of 0.125 and 0.1 hindgut equivalents for Ostrinia nubilalis and L. dispar, respectively. Activity was detected throughout the pylorus and anterior intestine of the O. nubilalis hindgut. When proctodaea from 5th instar O. nubilalis were analyzed daily for ecdysiotropic activity, those from wandering larvae which had undergone gut purge were found to have the greatest concentration of ecdysiotropin. Cyclic AMP appears to act as a second messenger for the proctodaeal ecdysiotropin as evidenced by the increased levels of cAMP present in PTGs incubated with hindgut extract. At doses which caused maximum stimulation, effects of brain and proctodaeal extracts were additive indicating that the two ecdysiotropins utilize separate receptors. Size exclusion HPLC of hemolymph obtained from prepupae that have experienced gut purge revealed the presence of an ecdysiotropin(s) whose molecular weight range is similar to that of the proctodaeal ecdysiotropin but not to that of the small form of brain PTTH. While the physiological function of the proctodaeal ecdysiotropin(s) is unknown, the discovery of such a peptide(s) is noteworthy in light of the reported production of ecdysteroids by isolated insect abdomens. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP GELMAN, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90078-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LA152 UT WOS:A1993LA15200004 ER PT J AU SHAAYA, E SHIRK, PD ZIMOWSKA, G PLOTKIN, S YOUNG, NJ REES, HH SILHACEK, DL AF SHAAYA, E SHIRK, PD ZIMOWSKA, G PLOTKIN, S YOUNG, NJ REES, HH SILHACEK, DL TI DECLINING ECDYSTEROID LEVELS ARE TEMPORALLY CORRELATED WITH THE INITIATION OF VITELLOGENESIS DURING PHARATE ADULT DEVELOPMENT IN THE INDIANMEAL MOTH, PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECDYSTEROIDS; VITELLOGENESIS; METAMORPHOSIS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; GC-MS QUANTIFICATION ID JUVENILE-HORMONE TITERS; BOMBYX-MORI; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; MANDUCA-SEXTA; WAX MOTH; ECDYSONE; PUPAL; HEMOLYMPH; SILKWORM AB Photo-synchronized pupae were used to determine the titer of ecdysteroids during the pupal and pharate adult stages of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). For female pupae that were kept in a 16 h light: 8 h dark (long-day) photocycle, there was one major peak of ecdysteroids. The ecdysteroids reached a maximum of 2000-2500 pg/mg wet wt between 28-36 h after pupation. The ecdysteroids declined to <500 pg/mg wet wt by 68 h after pupation. For pupae that were kept in continuous darkness, the ecdysteroid peak became broader with a maximum at 24 h (3130 pg/mg wet wt). The composition of ecdysteroids at various times during pharate adult development was determined using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring [GC-MS (SIM)]. Ecdysone was the major component (93%) in samples taken 28 h after pupation, at the maximum of the pupal peak. Thus, high levels of ecdysone are correlated with the beginning of adult ovarian development. As pharate development progressed, the proportion of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased so that by 100 h after pupation 20-hydroxyecdysone was the only ecdysteroid detected. Previously, the initiation of vitellogenesis was determined to begin between 96 and 100 h after pupation. In conjuction with previous work, these findings demonstrate that the ecdysteroid titers decline before vitellogenesis is initiated and egg maturation can be completed. C1 UNIV WARSAW,DEPT INVERTEBRATE PHYSIOL,PL-00325 WARSAW,POLAND. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT BIOCHEM,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. RP SHAAYA, E (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90094-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LA152 UT WOS:A1993LA15200020 ER PT B AU HOWARD, RW AF HOWARD, RW BE StanleySamuelson, DW Nelson, DR TI CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS AND CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION SO INSECT LIPIDS: CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Novel Lipids and Their Functions in Insects, at the National Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY DEC, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER RP HOWARD, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 0 TC 272 Z9 276 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 901 NORTH 17TH ST, LINCOLN, NE 68588 BN 0-8032-4231-X PY 1993 BP 179 EP 226 PG 48 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BZ80W UT WOS:A1993BZ80W00006 ER PT B AU BUCKNER, JS AF BUCKNER, JS BE StanleySamuelson, DW Nelson, DR TI CUTICULAR POLAR LIPIDS OF INSECTS SO INSECT LIPIDS: CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Novel Lipids and Their Functions in Insects, at the National Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY DEC, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 901 NORTH 17TH ST, LINCOLN, NE 68588 BN 0-8032-4231-X PY 1993 BP 227 EP 270 PG 44 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BZ80W UT WOS:A1993BZ80W00007 ER PT B AU NELSON, DR AF NELSON, DR BE StanleySamuelson, DW Nelson, DR TI METHYL-BRANCHED LIPIDS IN INSECTS SO INSECT LIPIDS: CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Novel Lipids and Their Functions in Insects, at the National Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY DEC, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER RP NELSON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 901 NORTH 17TH ST, LINCOLN, NE 68588 BN 0-8032-4231-X PY 1993 BP 271 EP 315 PG 45 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BZ80W UT WOS:A1993BZ80W00008 ER PT J AU VARGO, EL PORTER, SD AF VARGO, EL PORTER, SD TI REPRODUCTION BY VIRGIN QUEEN FIRE ANTS IN QUEENLESS COLONIES - COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF 3 TAXA (SOLENOPSIS-RICHTERI, HYBRID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA RICHTERI, S-GEMINATA) (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE FIRE ANTS; VIRGIN QUEENS; REPRODUCTION; EXECUTION ID EUSOCIAL HYMENOPTERA; HYBRIDIZATION; MYRMICINAE; GENETICS; NUMBER AB In the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, some winged virgin queens are known to shed their wings (dealate) upon removal of the mated mother queen. These virgin queens then develop their ovaries and begin to lay eggs, thereby foregoing the option of leaving on mating flights and attempting to found their own colonies. Such a response of virgin queens to queenlessness has not been reported for other ants. In order to determine if virgin queens of some other fire ants (subgenus Solenopsis) would respond in the same way, experiments were conducted on S. richteri, hybrid S. invicta/richteri and S. geminata, a member of a species complex different from that of the other taxa. Just as in S. invicta, virgin queens of S. richteri and the hybrid dealated and began to lay eggs within days of the removal of the queen. In addition, workers executed many of the reproductively active virgin queens, a phenomenon also found in S. invicta. In contrast, virgin queens of S. geminata did not dealate or quickly begin to lay eggs upon separation from the queen. Reasons for the variability in the response of virgin queens of the different species may be 1) higher probability of reproductive success for unmated dealated queens compared to normal claustral founding in S. invicta and S. richteri linked to relatively frequent loss of the mother queen; or 2) phylogenetic constraint. C1 UNIV TEXAS,BRACKENRIDGE FIELD LAB,AUSTIN,TX 78712. USDA ARS,MED VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP VARGO, EL (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. RI Vargo, Edward/D-1097-2010 OI Vargo, Edward/0000-0002-8712-1248 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 1993 VL 40 IS 3 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1007/BF01242364 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LT867 UT WOS:A1993LT86700004 ER PT B AU DAWSON, LJ RECKENDORF, F AF DAWSON, LJ RECKENDORF, F BE Mitchell, JK TI RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; CONSERVATION; EROSION; POLLUTION C1 USDA,SCS,W NATL TECH CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97209. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00001 ER PT B AU POLLARD, L AF POLLARD, L BE Mitchell, JK TI WILDLIFE IN A TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION PLANNING; QUALITY CRITERIA; WILDLIFE; HABITAT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00002 ER PT B AU HARDY, LA AF HARDY, LA BE Mitchell, JK TI TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATED SLOPING LAND SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; WATER MANAGEMENT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00003 ER PT B AU VINING, RC ALLEN, M AF VINING, RC ALLEN, M BE Mitchell, JK TI CONSIDERATION OF THE AIR RESOURCE THROUGH TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00004 ER PT B AU PETERSON, DC BOYD, WH AF PETERSON, DC BOYD, WH BE Mitchell, JK TI THE SCS APPROACH TO PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR TOTAL RESOURCE PROTECTION SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DES MOINES,IA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00008 ER PT B AU DABNEY, SM MCGREGOR, KC MEYER, LD GRISSINGER, EH FOSTER, GR AF DABNEY, SM MCGREGOR, KC MEYER, LD GRISSINGER, EH FOSTER, GR BE Mitchell, JK TI VEGETATIVE BARRIERS FOR RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT CONTROL SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE BARRIER PROPERTIES; BUFFER STRIPS; EROSION; GRASS FILTERS; GULLIES; HYDROLOGIC DESIGN; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT DETENTION; SOIL CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; TERRACES C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 60 EP 70 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00009 ER PT B AU BARTELS, RM ANDERSON, MW AF BARTELS, RM ANDERSON, MW BE Mitchell, JK TI WETLAND RESTORATION CONSIDERATIONS SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE WETLAND RESTORATION; PLANNING PROCESS; WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAM; WRP C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00014 ER PT B AU TUTTLE, RW GRAY, RL AF TUTTLE, RW GRAY, RL BE Mitchell, JK TI WETLAND RESTORATION LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY - LESSONS LEARNED IN GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE WETLAND RESTORATION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 109 EP 117 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00015 ER PT B AU HENRY, ST EVANS, A DOBBINS, TE ODELL, CF AF HENRY, ST EVANS, A DOBBINS, TE ODELL, CF BE Mitchell, JK TI ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DAIRY WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE DAIRY; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; MANURE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; WASTE C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00017 ER PT B AU POWER, JF EGHBALL, B AF POWER, JF EGHBALL, B BE Mitchell, JK TI MANAGING NITROGEN IN THE BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE MANURE; NUTRIENTS; POLLUTION; LAND APPLICATION C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 166 EP 175 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00022 ER PT B AU GBUREK, WJ AF GBUREK, WJ BE Mitchell, JK TI LAND USE EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER QUALITY WITHIN A LAYERED AND FRACTURED AQUIFER SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE LAND USE; GROUND WATER; WATER QUALITY; FRACTURED AQUIFERS C1 USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 176 EP 185 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00023 ER PT B AU TUTTLE, RW AF TUTTLE, RW BE Mitchell, JK TI SHOWING GOOD STEWARDSHIP SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE STEWARDSHIP; AESTHETIC QUALITY; ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; HABITAT IMPROVEMENT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00038 ER PT B AU MURRAY, JL AF MURRAY, JL BE Mitchell, JK TI INCORPORATING HUMAN CONSIDERATIONS INTO TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SO INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection CY DEC 13-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, AMER SOC AGRON & CROP SCI, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INST, COUNCIL AGR SCI & TECHNOL, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, USDA, ARS, AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, NATL ASSOC CONSERVAT DIST, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, USDA, ECON RES SERV DE HUMAN CONSIDERATIONS; PLANNING PROCESS; TOTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION EFFECTS FOR DECISION-MAKING; CED C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-43-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 13 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC59L UT WOS:A1993BC59L00045 ER PT B AU PLOWMAN, RD AF PLOWMAN, RD BE Baenziger, PS Kleese, RA Barnes, RF TI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION OF PLANTS - THE AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH SERVICE PERSPECTIVE SO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: PROTECTION OF PLANT MATERIALS SE CSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intellectual Property Rights: Protection of Plant Materials CY JAN 26-28, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP CROP SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC HORT SCI, AMER SOC AGRON, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, USDA, SCI & EDUC RP PLOWMAN, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-537-2 J9 CSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1993 IS 21 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BZ44L UT WOS:A1993BZ44L00005 ER PT B AU SHANDS, HL AF SHANDS, HL BE Baenziger, PS Kleese, RA Barnes, RF TI EXCHANGES OF PROTECTED PLANT-MATERIAL - PUBLIC-SECTOR PERSPECTIVE SO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: PROTECTION OF PLANT MATERIALS SE CSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intellectual Property Rights: Protection of Plant Materials CY JAN 26-28, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP CROP SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC HORT SCI, AMER SOC AGRON, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, USDA, SCI & EDUC RP SHANDS, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-537-2 J9 CSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1993 IS 21 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BZ44L UT WOS:A1993BZ44L00014 ER PT J AU HELM, RM BURKS, W WILLIAMS, LW MILNE, DE BRENNER, RJ AF HELM, RM BURKS, W WILLIAMS, LW MILNE, DE BRENNER, RJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF COCKROACH AEROALLERGENS FROM LIVING CULTURES OF GERMAN OR AMERICAN COCKROACHES SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GERMAN COCKROACH; AMERICAN COCKROACH; AEROALLERGENS ID PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; ALLERGENIC ACTIVITY; HOUSE DUST; PURIFICATION; ASTHMA; HYPERSENSITIVITY; DERMATITIS; ANTIGENS; PROTEINS AB The Air Sentinel and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were used to capture airborne particles over living colonies of German or American cockroaches. Silver-stained SDS-PAGE gels revealed protein bands at 80, 55, 36, and several bands below the 33-kD marker. SDS-PAGE/immunoblots of PTFE eluates from German cockroach colonies incubated with serum from cockroach-sensitive individuals revealed IgE-binding bands with apparent molecular weights of 36 and 80 kD. Only the 36-kD allergen and allergens below the 33-kD marker were evident in the American PTFE eluate. ELISA analysis with a monoclonal antibody assay identified the presence of both Bla g I and Bla g II in the German PTFE eluate. No Bla g I or Bla g II could be identified in the American PTFE eluate. These studies demonstrate that in addition to Bla g I and Bla g II, several other aerosolized allergens become airborne over cockroach colonies and may be important in the environment where cockroaches are abundant. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP HELM, RM (reprint author), ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,800 MARSHALL ST,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR05350]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI26629-04] NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 1993 VL 101 IS 4 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA LV165 UT WOS:A1993LV16500004 PM 8353458 ER PT B AU KARLEN, DL DORAN, JW AF KARLEN, DL DORAN, JW BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI AGROECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TO ALTERNATIVE CROP AND SOIL-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES CORN-SOYBEAN BELT SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00010 ER PT B AU KARLEN, DL CRUSE, RM AF KARLEN, DL CRUSE, RM BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI SUSTAINING THE SOIL RESOURCES - DISCUSSION SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00011 ER PT B AU SCHWEIZER, EE LYBECKER, DW WILES, LJ WESTRA, P AF SCHWEIZER, EE LYBECKER, DW WILES, LJ WESTRA, P BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI BIOECONOMIC WEED MANAGEMENT MODELS IN CROP PRODUCTION SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00018 ER PT B AU COOK, RJ AF COOK, RJ BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI ALTERNATIVE DISEASE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00022 ER PT B AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE FOR IMPACT OF WEEDS, INSECTS, AND PLANT-DISEASES SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,DURHAM,NC 27706. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00042 ER PT B AU ACOCK, B ACOCK, MC AF ACOCK, B ACOCK, MC BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI MODELING APPROACHES FOR PREDICTING CROP ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TO CLIMATE-CHANGE SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING LAB,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00045 ER PT B AU CLARK, RB DUNCAN, RR AF CLARK, RB DUNCAN, RR BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI SELECTION OF PLANTS TO TOLERATE SOIL-SALINITY, ACIDITY, AND MINERAL DEFICIENCIES SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00057 ER PT B AU SHANDS, HL KHADR, FH AF SHANDS, HL KHADR, FH BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI EXPLOITING NEW AND NONTRADITIONAL CROPS - DISCUSSION SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00074 ER PT B AU HANNA, WW AF HANNA, WW BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI IMPROVING FORAGE QUALITY BY BREEDING SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 671 EP 675 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00106 ER PT B AU SINCLAIR, TR AF SINCLAIR, TR BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI CROP YIELD POTENTIAL AND FAIRY-TALES SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 707 EP 711 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00112 ER PT B AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL PHARR, DM AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL PHARR, DM BE Buxton, DR Shibles, R Forsberg, RA Blad, BL Asay, KH Paulsen, GM Wilson, RF TI ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING AND UTILIZATION IN-SOURCE AND SINK TISSUES SO INTERNATIONAL CROP SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Crop Science Congress CY JUL 14-22, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CROP SCI SOC AMER C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMERICA PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-538-0 PY 1993 BP 789 EP 797 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ67Y UT WOS:A1993BZ67Y00126 ER PT J AU Malin, EL Foglia, TA Basch, JJ Thompson, MP Vail, P AF Malin, Edyth L. Foglia, Thomas A. Basch, Jay J. Thompson, Marvin P. Vail, Peter TI Influence of Preparative Method on the Lipid Profiles of Bovine Fat Globule Membrane SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The lipid profiles of bovine fat globule membrane preparations were obtained using a procedure that separates neutral and polar lipids on a silica cartridge. analyzes components of these two lipid groups by high performance liquid chromatography, and identifies fatty acids of total lipid as well as neutral and polar lipids separately by gas chromatography. Fat globule membrane preparation involved either churning the cream, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation of membrane, or a combined isolation-extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide. In preparations that did not include a delipidation step. the carryover of neutral lipids was significant. In contrast, preparations that were delipidated after ammonium sulfate precipitation or as part of the isolation-extraction had much lower levels of neutral lipids. For the latter samples, values for neutral and polar lipids were comparable to those reported previously. The relative ease with which fat globule membrane is obtained using the isolation-extraction procedure makes it the preferred method for subsequent isolation and purification of fat globule membrane proteins. C1 [Malin, Edyth L.; Foglia, Thomas A.; Basch, Jay J.; Thompson, Marvin P.; Vail, Peter] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Malin, EL (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0958-6946(93)90010-W PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V23WF UT WOS:000208372200001 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Mackey, KL Shieh, JJ Smith, PW Cooke, P Malin, EL AF Tunick, Michael H. Mackey, Kevin L. Shieh, James J. Smith, Philip W. Cooke, Peter Malin, Edyth L. TI Rheology and Microstructure of Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheese SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The contributions of fat and moisture content to Mozzarella cheese texture were investigated to provide a basis for developing low-fat cheese with consumer acceptability. The characteristics of low-fat high-moisture (LFHM) experimental Mozzarella cheeses before and after 6 weeks of refrigerated storage were compared with those of high-fat low-moisture controls. High levels of either moisture in nonfat substance or fat in dry matter (FDM) were accompanied by decreases in hardness, complex viscosity, and elastic modulus and increases in meltability during the storage time. Starter culture bacteria were observed at the surface of the. fat droplets, the latter having a tendency to coalesce during storage. Development of texture and meltability in LFHM Mozzarella appeared to be directly related to increased proteolysis of alpha(s1)-casein observed during storage. These results show the feasibility of making Mozzarella cheese containing <25% FDM with textural properties similar to those of a fullfat cheese if the product contains enough moisture and is stored under refrigeration for several weeks. C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Mackey, Kevin L.; Shieh, James J.; Smith, Philip W.; Cooke, Peter; Malin, Edyth L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. NR 22 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 7 BP 649 EP 662 DI 10.1016/0958-6946(93)90106-A PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V23WI UT WOS:000208372500006 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, C MYERS, GE AF GONZALEZ, C MYERS, GE TI THERMAL-DEGRADATION OF WOOD FILLERS AT THE MELT-PROCESSING TEMPERATURES OF WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES - EFFECTS ON WOOD MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTION OF VOLATILES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE THERMAL DEGRADATION; WOOD FLOUR; COMPOSITE; EXTRUSION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MELT PROCESSING AB The objective of this research was to clarify the effect of wood thermolysis during melt processing on the properties of wood-plastic composites. Oven-dried sugar pine wood strips were subjected to thermal degradation in a stirred molten metal bath in the temperature range 220-degrees-C to 260-degrees-C. Exposure times ranged from 4096 to 4 minutes. The bath and wood strips were kept free of oxygen. Degraded wood specimens and undegraded ones (used as controls) were tested for bending modulus and strength, toughness, and weight loss. Toughness was most affected by the degradative treatment, followed by bending strength and then bending modulus. Apparent Arrhenius parameters for the thermal degradation process were determined from rates of property loss, and times required to produce various relative property losses were calculated. Losses in wood mechanical properties during a single composite extrusion probably would not significantly alter composite properties, but multiple melt processing steps could be deleterious. Possibly more important are volatile degradation products which could be sufficient to create problems in air pollution, in the melt processing and mechanical behavior of composites. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP GONZALEZ, C (reprint author), UNIV OVIEDO,DEPT CHEM ENGN,E-33071 OVIEDO,SPAIN. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0091-4037 J9 INT J POLYM MATER JI Int. J. Polym. Mater. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1080/00914039308009660 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MV050 UT WOS:A1993MV05000007 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, LK AF NAKAMURA, LK TI DNA RELATEDNESS OF BACILLUS-BREVIS MIGULA 1900 STRAINS AND PROPOSAL OF BACILLUS-AGRI SP-NOV, NOM REV, AND BACILLUS-CENTROSPORUS SP-NOV, NOM REV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASE COMPOSITION; GENUS BACILLUS; REASSOCIATION; TAXONOMY AB Studies were carried out to determine the underlying reasons for the phenotypic heterogeneity of Bacillus brevis Migula 1900. DNA reassociation measurements demonstrated that 31 of 37 strains segregated into seven groups of genetically related organisms. The members of the seven groups were not related genetically to selected presently recognized Bacillus species that are strictly aerobic and form oval spores. The results of the DNA relatedness studies and phenotypic comparisons suggested that two of these groups have not been described previously and that the five other groups probably represent previously, but inadequately, described species. Two of the five groups are proposed as new species and are given the revived names Bacillus agri and Bacillus centrosporus. Thus, the phenotypic heterogeneity of B. brevis sensu lato results from the inclusion of genetically unrelated organisms in the taxon and not from the inherent variability of genetically related strains. RP NAKAMURA, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KG457 UT WOS:A1993KG45700003 ER PT J AU PASTER, BJ RUSSELL, JB YANG, CMJ CHOW, JM WOESE, CR TANNER, R AF PASTER, BJ RUSSELL, JB YANG, CMJ CHOW, JM WOESE, CR TANNER, R TI PHYLOGENY OF THE AMMONIA-PRODUCING RUMINAL BACTERIA PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS-ANAEROBIUS, CLOSTRIDIUM-STICKLANDII, AND CLOSTRIDIUM-AMINOPHILUM SP-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; MONENSIN; RUMEN; RNA; DEAMINATION; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; SODIUM AB In Previous studies, gram-positive bacteria which grew rapidly with peptides or an amino acid as the sole energy source were isolated from bovine rumina. Three isolates, strains C, F(T) (T = type strain), and SR, were considered to be ecologically important since they produced up to 20-fold more ammonia than other ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic criteria, the taxonomic position of these new isolates was uncertain. In this study, the 16S rRNA sequences of these isolates and related bacteria were determined to establish the phylogenetic positions of the organisms. The sequences of strains C, F(T), and SR and reference strains of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium aminovalericum, Acetomaculum ruminis, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium lituseburense, Clostridium acidiurici, and Clostridium barkeri were determined by using a modified Sanger dideoxy chain termination method. Strain C, a large coccus purported to belong to the genus Peptostreptococcus, was closely related to P. anaerobius, with a level of sequence similarity of 99.6%. Strain SR, a heat-resistant, short, rod-shaped organism, was closely related to C. sticklandii, with a level of sequence similarity of 99.9%. However, strain F(T), a heat-resistant, pleomorphic, rod-shaped organism, was only distantly related to some clostridial species and P. anaerobius. On the basis of the sequence data, it was clear that strain F(T) warranted designation as a separate species. The closest known relative of strain F(T) was C. coccoides (level of similarity, only 90.6%). Additional strains that are phenotypically similar to strain F(T) were isolated in this study. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic differences, we believe that strain F(T) represents a new species of the genus Clostridium, for which we propose the name Clostridium aminophilum. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. FORSYTH DENT CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-04881, DE-08303] NR 35 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KG457 UT WOS:A1993KG45700016 PM 8427801 ER PT J AU FERESU, SB BOLIN, CA KORVER, H AF FERESU, SB BOLIN, CA KORVER, H TI A NEW LEPTOSPIRAL SEROVAR IN THE ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE SEROGROUP ISOLATED FROM AN OX IN ZIMBABWE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; INTERROGANS; SEJROE AB A strain of Leptospira interrogans that was isolated from an ox slaughtered in Zimbabwe and belonged to serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae could not be identified when we compared it with 18 reference strains belonging to this serogroup by using cross-agglutinin absorption, monoclonal antibody, and restriction endonuclease DNA analyses. The name zimbabwe is proposed for the new serovar containing this strain; the type strain of this serovar is strain SBF 23. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. ROYAL TROP INST,NH SWELLENGREBEL LAB TROP HYG,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP FERESU, SB (reprint author), UNIV ZIMBABWE,DEPT BIOL SCI,BOX MP 167,MT PLEASANT,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. FU FIC NIH HHS [1 F05 TW4154-01] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KG457 UT WOS:A1993KG45700027 PM 8427806 ER PT B AU Vogel, FA AF Vogel, FA GP EUROSTAT/CEC/EC TI Data sharing - Can we afford it? SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON STATISTICAL CONFIDENTIALITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Statistical Confidentiality CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Eurostat, Int Stat Inst, EC, EFTA, Stat Canada, US Bur Census C1 USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN COMMISSION PI LUXEMBOURG PA DIRECTORATE-GENERAL XIII, LUXEMBOURG, LUXEMBOURG L-2920 BN 92-826-6112-1 PY 1993 BP 527 EP 536 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BF90H UT WOS:A1993BF90H00038 ER PT J AU DIENER, TO OWENS, RA HAMMOND, RW AF DIENER, TO OWENS, RA HAMMOND, RW TI VIROIDS - THE SMALLEST AND SIMPLEST AGENTS OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASE - HOW DO THEY MAKE PLANTS SICK SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLANT DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; MUTAGENESIS; CHIMERAS; PROTEIN KINASE, P68 ID 68,000-MR PROTEIN-KINASE; CENTRAL CONSERVED REGION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; SELF-CLEAVAGE; RNA; INTERFERON; SEQUENCE; VIRUS; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Viroids are autonomously replicating pathogens of higher plants that consist solely of unencapsidated, single-stranded, circular RNAs of 246-375 nucleotides. Despite their extreme simplicity, viroids cause syndromes in plants that are about as varied as those caused by plant viruses. Because viroids are not translated, their effects on plants must be a consequence of direct interaction of the viroid with host constituents. Although the molecular mechanisms of viroid pathogenesis are still unknown, analysis of molecular chimeras between viroids of different pathogenicity levels has revealed that the severity of symptoms is the result of complex interactions among three of the five viroid domains. In vitro experiments with purified mammalian protein kinase P68 have shown that the enzyme is strongly activated (phosphorylated) by viroid strains that incite moderate to severe symptoms, but far less by a mild strain. Activation of a plant homolog of P68 may be the triggering event in viroid pathogenesis. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,INST BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP DIENER, TO (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1-4 BP 186 EP 195 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA LR155 UT WOS:A1993LR15500021 PM 8104911 ER PT J AU SHEAHAN, BJ CAFFREY, JF DUBEY, JP MCHENRY, DF AF SHEAHAN, BJ CAFFREY, JF DUBEY, JP MCHENRY, DF TI NEOSPORA-CANINUM ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN 7 DOGS SO IRISH VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DOGS; FOCAL ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; NEOSPOROSIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM AB Neospora caninum, a recently recognised protozoan parasite previously unrecorded in Ireland, was demonstrated in association with encephalomyelitis in seven dogs. The affected dogs ranged from seven weeks to ten months of age and all showed varying degrees of progressive hindlimb stiffness and posterior paresis. The parasite reacted positively with N. caninum antiserum but not with antisera to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis sp. Significant serological antibody titres to T. gondii were absent. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHEAHAN, BJ (reprint author), NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,FAC VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IRISH VETERINARY ASSN PI DUBLIN PA 53 LANSDOWNE RD, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0368-0762 J9 IRISH VET J JI Irish Vet. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF874 UT WOS:A1993LF87400001 ER PT B AU CLEMMENS, AJ DEDRICK, AR LEVINE, DB CLYMA, W AF CLEMMENS, AJ DEDRICK, AR LEVINE, DB CLYMA, W BE Summers, JB Anderson, SS TI INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMS FOR ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS SO IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES IN THE 1990'S LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 National Conference of the US-Committee-on-Irrigation-and-Drainage - Irrigation and Water Resources in the 1990s CY OCT 05-07, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP US COMM IRRIGAT & DRAINAGE C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 BN 0-9618257-8-2 PY 1993 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB95E UT WOS:A1993BB95E00001 ER PT B AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H BE Summers, JB Anderson, SS TI ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER SO IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES IN THE 1990'S LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 National Conference of the US-Committee-on-Irrigation-and-Drainage - Irrigation and Water Resources in the 1990s CY OCT 05-07, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP US COMM IRRIGAT & DRAINAGE C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US COMMITTEE IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 BN 0-9618257-8-2 PY 1993 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB95E UT WOS:A1993BB95E00015 ER PT J AU KRUMBIEGEL, P BERTHOLD, HK AF KRUMBIEGEL, P BERTHOLD, HK TI EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ON CHILDREN - HOW CAN STABLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES CONTRIBUTE SO ISOTOPENPRAXIS LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTANTS; CHILDREN; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; MEN; NATURAL ISOTOPE VARIATIONS; ORGAN FUNCTION TESTS; REVIEW; STABLE ISOTOPES; TRACER TECHNIQUES ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; LIVER-FUNCTION; BREATH TEST; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; DILUTION ANALYSIS; HUMAN-URINE; LEAD; ABSORPTION AB The authors review the recent literature, including their own approaches, of stable isotope techniques applied to determining environmental effects on the health of children. The techniques involve the measurement of variations in natural isotope abundances of some elements with environmental significance, the use of enriched stable isotopes for in vivo and in situ tracer studies, in vitro isotope dilution techniques, and organ function tests using stable isotope-labelled compounds. These techniques are non-invasive and can be expected to contribute new insights into the behavior of different pollutants and their effect on children's health. Some of the techniques have been used in clinical research and diagnosis but their adaptation for investigations of clinically healthy children exposed to environmental pollution is desirable. Currently, as one of the specific aims of the Lepizig group of Human Exposure Research, the experience in biochemical and clinical isotope applications is being adapted to the environmental challenges in the heavily polluted industrial regions of Saxony. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. RP KRUMBIEGEL, P (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, DEPT HUMAN EXPOSURE EPIDEMIOL, PERMOSERSTR 15, O-7050 LEIPZIG, GERMANY. RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011 OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216 NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0021-1915 J9 ISOTOPENPRAXIS PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 121 EP 132 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA KY484 UT WOS:A1993KY48400002 ER PT B AU MA, QL AHUJAL, LR ROJASL, W BOESTEN, JJTI AF MA, QL AHUJAL, LR ROJASL, W BOESTEN, JJTI BE Delre, AAM Capri, E Evans, SP Natali, P Trevisan, M TI EVALUATION OF RZWQM FOR PREDICTING PESTICIDES AND BROMIDE BEHAVIOR UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO IX SIMPOSIUM PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY: MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION OF XENOBIOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Pesticide Chemistry: Mobility and Degradation of Xenobiotics CY OCT 11-13, 1993 CL PIACENZA, ITALY SP UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, FAC AGR, IST CHIM AGR AMBIENTALE, SEZ VEGETALE C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI G BIAGINI PI LUCCA PA LUCCA, ITALY PY 1993 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ40G UT WOS:A1993BZ40G00010 ER PT B AU ARNOLD, JG CHAPRA, SC AF ARNOLD, JG CHAPRA, SC BE Delre, AAM Capri, E Evans, SP Natali, P Trevisan, M TI A LINKED LAKE WATER-QUALITY AND WATERSHED NONPOINT-SOURCE MODEL SO IX SIMPOSIUM PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY: MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION OF XENOBIOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Pesticide Chemistry: Mobility and Degradation of Xenobiotics CY OCT 11-13, 1993 CL PIACENZA, ITALY SP UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, FAC AGR, IST CHIM AGR AMBIENTALE, SEZ VEGETALE DE PESTICIDES; TOXIC BALANCE; CONTINUOUS TIME; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503. RI Chapra, Steven/A-5752-2008 OI Chapra, Steven/0000-0003-0238-6376 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDIZIONI G BIAGINI PI LUCCA PA LUCCA, ITALY PY 1993 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZ40G UT WOS:A1993BZ40G00014 ER PT J AU STRANGE, ED HOLSINGER, VH KLEYN, DH AF STRANGE, ED HOLSINGER, VH KLEYN, DH TI CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF THIOLATED AND SUCCINYLATED CASEINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN FOAM; STABILITY; MILK AB Gelation of casein may be improved by introduction of functional groups that are both hydrophilic and capable of forming disulfide bonds. Thiolated whole caseins were prepared with S-acetymercaptosuccinic anhydride at four concentrations to study chemical properties related to gelation. Succinylated samples were prepared for comparison. Degree of modification was determined by decrease in reactive lysine content. Urea PAGE showed decreased positive charge for modified proteins as degree of modification increased. In addition, alpha(S1)- and beta-casein bands remained while kappa- and alpha(S2)-casein bands disappeared compared to whole native casein. SDS-PAGE without added mercaptoethanol indicated formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds in the thiolated derivatives. All modified caseins precipitated in the presence of Ca2+, but the concentration needed increased with degree of modification. Thiolated caseins were less soluble in the presence of high Ca2+ levels than succinylated or native caseins. Changes observed indicate successful introduction of groups that may enhance gelation. RP STRANGE, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1021/jf00025a007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KH413 UT WOS:A1993KH41300007 ER PT J AU KORE, AM SPENCER, GF WALLIG, MA AF KORE, AM SPENCER, GF WALLIG, MA TI PURIFICATION OF THE OMEGA-(METHYLSULFINYL)ALKYL GLUCOSINOLATE HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS - 1-ISOTHIOCYANATO-3-(METHYLSULFINYL)PROPANE, 1-ISOTHIOCYANATO-4-(METHYLSULFINYL)BUTANE, 4-(METHYLSULFINYL)BUTANENITRILE, AND 5-(METHYLSULFINYL)PENTANENITRILE FROM BROCCOLI AND LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BRUSSELS-SPROUTS; RAPESEED MEAL; ISOTHIOCYANATES; NITRILES; DIET; IDENTIFICATION; CARCINOGENESIS; THIOCYANATES AB The purification of the omega-(methylsulfinyl)alkyl glucosinolate hydrolysis products 1-isothiocyanato-3-(methylsulfinyl)propane (IMSP), 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane (IMSB), 4-(methylsulfinyl)-butanenitrile (MSBN), and 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentanenitrile (MSPN) from the seeds of broccoli and Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Watson is described. The procedure uses solvent extraction of autolyzed defatted seed meals, followed by purification of the hydrolysis products using gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purity and confirmation of the compounds were monitored and verified using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The techniques are useful for the preparative-scale isolation of structurally related glucosinolate hydrolysis products arising from omega-(methylsulfinyl)alkyl glucosinolates and should facilitate more extensive studies into the biological effects of these naturally occurring compounds. C1 USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP KORE, AM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 46 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1021/jf00025a019 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KH413 UT WOS:A1993KH41300019 ER PT J AU MANNERS, GD PANTER, KE RALPHS, MH PFISTER, JA OLSEN, JD JAMES, LF AF MANNERS, GD PANTER, KE RALPHS, MH PFISTER, JA OLSEN, JD JAMES, LF TI TOXICITY AND CHEMICAL PHENOLOGY OF NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS IN THE TALL LARKSPURS (DELPHINIUM SPECIES) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHYLLYCACONITINE AB Eleven norditerpenoid alkaloids found in three tall larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, Delphinium occidentale, Delphinium glaucescens) were evaluated as mammalian toxins in a mouse bioassay. Two methylsuccinimido anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL) norditerpenoid alkaloids (methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetylnudicauline) were determined to have equivalent high toxicity. A third MSAL norditerpenoid, barbinine, was 5 times less toxic. Other norditerpenoid alkaloids tested were found to be significantly less toxic than the MSAL alkaloids. The chemical phenology of the alkaloids in the three larkspurs and the effect of collection site on alkaloid occurrence in D. barbeyi were determined. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP MANNERS, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1021/jf00025a020 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KH413 UT WOS:A1993KH41300020 ER PT J AU FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y COGGINS, CW ATKIN, DR AF FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y COGGINS, CW ATKIN, DR TI LIMONOIDS AND THEIR GLUCOSIDES IN VALENCIA ORANGE SEEDS DURING FRUIT-GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The amounts of major citrus limonoids and their corresponding glucosides in Valencia orange seeds were measured during fruit growth and development. Limonin content, including limonoate A-ring lactone (LARL), increased steadily during the whole sampling period, July-December of the fruit-set year. Other limonoid aglycons also increased but not steadily. Limonoid glucosides began to appear in either September or October, and their contents steadily increased thereafter with the exception of obacunone 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Citrus seeds, demonstrated in Valencia orange, were shown to have no significant effect on the concentrations of LARL and total limonoid glucosides in fruit tissue. Data suggested that seeds possess limonoid biosynthetic systems independent from the biosynthesis occurring in the fruit tissue. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106. WAKAYAMA AGRBIO RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA 64961,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1021/jf00025a024 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KH413 UT WOS:A1993KH41300024 ER PT J AU MILLER, RW RUTZ, DA PICKENS, LG GEDEN, CJ AF MILLER, RW RUTZ, DA PICKENS, LG GEDEN, CJ TI EVALUATION OF TRAPS AND THE PARASITOID MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR GIRAULT AND SANDERS TO MANAGE HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON DAIRY FARMS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA LINNAEUS; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (LINNAEUS); PYRAMID TRAPS; BAIT TRAPS; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ID FLY AB A three-year study was conducted to determine if release of the parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders and/or trapping techniques would reduce populations of house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), on dairy farms. The use of sticky pyramid traps was the only treatment that reduced stable fly populations. Farms on which 3,000 - 6,000 M. raptor females were released per week had an average season-long parasitism rate of 10%, compared with 4% on untreated farms. Overall pupal mortality averaged 35%, as compared with 28% on untreated farms. Farms on which parasitoids were released, on which baited traps were placed, and on which both treatments were used had ca. 70% fewer house flies than untreated farms. These differences, however, were not always statistically significant because of large farm-within-treatment variability. RP MILLER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA KM716 UT WOS:A1993KM71600001 ER PT J AU GOENAGA, R CHARDON, U AF GOENAGA, R CHARDON, U TI NUTRIENT-UPTAKE, GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF 3 TANIER (XANTHOSOMA SPP) CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to determine the growth, nutrient uptake and yield performance of tanier cultivars Blanca del Pais, Kelly and Morada under intensive management. Tanier plants grown under field conditions were harvested for biomass production about every 30 days during the growing season. At each harvest, plants were separated into various plant parts to determine dry matter accumulation, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn uptake and yield. Maximum uptake of nutrients was 307, 83, 417, 112, 68 and 1.4 kg/ha of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn, respectively, for cultivar Blanca del Pais. Nutrient uptake by Kelly was considerably less than for Blanca del Pais and Morada. Overall, there were no significant differences in total dry matter production between cultivars Blanca del Pais and Morada whereas Kelly accumulated significantly less dry matter. Maximum yields ranged from 11,316 kg/ha in Kelly to 34,068 kg/ha in Morada. RP GOENAGA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA LM274 UT WOS:A1993LM27400001 ER PT J AU PURSEL, VG REXROAD, CE AF PURSEL, VG REXROAD, CE TI STATUS OF RESEARCH WITH TRANSGENIC FARM-ANIMALS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED LIVESTOCK : PROGRESS, PROSPECTS AND ISSUES, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF ANIMAL SCIENCE CY AUG 11, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, USDA, EXTENS SERV, USDA, AGR RES SERV, USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV DE TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK; HEALTH; GROWTH; PHARMACEUTICALS; DISEASE RESISTANCE ID INTRODUCING FOREIGN DNA; GENE-TRANSFER; FUSION GENE; GERM LINE; MICE; EXPRESSION; SHEEP; PIGS; GROWTH; MILK AB Microinjection is the predominant method used to transfer genes into farm animals. Current research is devoted to improvement of productivity traits, enhancement of animal health, and production of biomedically useful human health products. Initial transgenic research primarily involved genes coding for growth hormone (GH), growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). More recent investigations have attempted to stimulate muscle development, to use bacterial enzymes so animals can synthesize certain essential amino acids, to induce expression of specific immunoglobulin or disease-resistance genes, and to direct expression of human proteins to the mammary gland, specific organs, or specific cells for production of useful human health products. The main limitations to progress are the lack of useful cloned genes for productivity traits and disease resistance and the insufficient knowledge of mechanisms involved in regulation of transgenes. RP PURSEL, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 67 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 1993 VL 71 SU S3 BP 10 EP 19 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB507 UT WOS:A1993LB50700003 PM 8505265 ER PT J AU CUNDIFF, LV BISHOP, MD JOHNSON, RK AF CUNDIFF, LV BISHOP, MD JOHNSON, RK TI CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEGRATING GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ANIMALS INTO TRADITIONAL ANIMAL BREEDING PLANS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED LIVESTOCK : PROGRESS, PROSPECTS AND ISSUES, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF ANIMAL SCIENCE CY AUG 11, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, USDA, EXTENS SERV, USDA, AGR RES SERV, USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV DE TRANSGENICS; BREEDING ID GENES AB Techniques have been developed to introduce specific genes from one species into the germplasm of another, including livestock. This paper reviews reports on evaluation, selection, and breeding procedures for introduction and multiplication of transgenes in breeding populations of livestock. Before transgenes are introduced and multiplied in commercial breeding populations, it is necessary to test transgenics extensively for both favorable and unfavorable transgene effects. Parent stock used to produce transgenic founder animals should be selected to excel in polygenic breeding value for economically important traits, especially if founder animals or their sons are to be used directly by AI in commercial populations. However, polygenic breeding value of founder transgenic animals and inbreeding depression are of negligible importance if a transgene is introgressed into a selection nucleus population from three or four generations of backcrossing. Transgenic development should be economically viable for traits with major effects on net merit, especially in the dairy industry, where transgenic sires can be used extensively by AI. A minimum effect of about 10% of the mean (or one phenotypic standard deviation) is a reasonable approximation of the minimum transgene effect that would be necessary to justify introgression into a nucleus swine population. A transgene effect of 10 to 20% of the mean would be required for most economic traits in beef cattle. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP CUNDIFF, LV (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 1993 VL 71 SU S3 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB507 UT WOS:A1993LB50700004 PM 8505266 ER PT J AU BASU, P MASTERS, B PATEL, B URBAN, O AF BASU, P MASTERS, B PATEL, B URBAN, O TI FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE UPDATE ON FOOD SAFETY OF ANIMALS DERIVED FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED LIVESTOCK : PROGRESS, PROSPECTS AND ISSUES, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF ANIMAL SCIENCE CY AUG 11, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, USDA, EXTENS SERV, USDA, AGR RES SERV, USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV DE TRANSGENIC; FOOD SAFETY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; REGULATION AB Recent progress in the field of biotechnology and the production of transgenic livestock has raised a question regarding the need for the regulation of these animals. There is also the need to regulate nontransgenic animals resulting from transgenic animal research. It is anticipated that several governmental agencies will be involved in regulatory issues pertaining to these animals. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) will ultimately be responsible for ensuring that transgenic animals intended for human consumption are wholesome, unadulterated, and properly labeled. The FSIS has implemented a program for the regulation of slaughtering nontransgenic animals resulting from transgenic animal experiments. However, the FSIS has not yet approved any transgenic livestock for slaughter. Scientists from the FSIS, in conjunction with other government agencies, are currently developing guidelines for the slaughter of transgenic animals. RP BASU, P (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 1993 VL 71 SU S3 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB507 UT WOS:A1993LB50700007 PM 8505269 ER PT J AU PIERAMATI, C VANVLECK, LD AF PIERAMATI, C VANVLECK, LD TI EFFECT OF GENETIC GROUPS ON ESTIMATES OF ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIANCE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REML; GENETIC VARIANCE; SELECTION; GENETIC GROUPS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; ANIMAL-MODELS; COMPONENTS; POPULATIONS; PREDICTION; INVERSE AB This study examined the effect of genetic grouping on REML estimates of additive genetic variance with an animal model with selected base populations. A simulated population of 40 animals (20 males and 20 females) was followed under selection or random mating conditions for 10 generations. Each population was replicated 20 or 50 times. Genetic grouping reduced estimates of additive genetic variance in populations with selected base animals, whereas grouping had little effect on the estimate in unselected populations. The effect of genetic grouping varied according to the quantity and kind of information that was missing (percentage of deleted data and pattern of deletion). When genetic grouping was completely random, the estimates were unaffected. Because including genetic groups in the model for analysis affected the estimates of additive genetic variance, the question should be considered of what value or values for heritability should be used for genetic evaluation when grouping is used to account for prior selection. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KG642 UT WOS:A1993KG64200011 PM 8454554 ER PT J AU FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ CUNNINGHAM, JJ POND, WG AF FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ CUNNINGHAM, JJ POND, WG TI A SEMIAUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR FEEDING LIQUID MILK-REPLACER DIETS TO INFANT PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; NEWBORN ANIMALS; NUTRITION; ARTIFICIAL REARING; GROWTH; FEED INTAKE ID PIGLETS AB We describe the design and use of a device that enables the semiautomatic feeding of various quantities of liquid, milk-replacer diet. The apparatus consists of a programmable fraction collector (with attachments for preparative work) driven by a high-flow peristaltic pump. To reduce bacterial growth and lipid oxidation of the liquid diet, we kept the milk-replacer in an ice bath and bubbled a slow stream of nitrogen through it at all times. The liquid diet was kept in suspension by continuous recirculation and agitation. The device can be used to dispense prespecified amounts of either the same volume of feed, or a different volume to each of two groups of animals at regular intervals over 24 h; alternatively, by using the time-windows feature of the fraction collector, up to 11 different volumes can be dispensed to 11 animals. We present results of a preliminary trial in which we used the equipment to feed 11 pigs, weaned at 1 d of age, for 11 d. Daily maintenance and programming of two systems, including diet preparation and pig weight measurements, were accomplished in approximately 90 min. The feeder is simple to program and enables the feed intake of the pigs to be adjusted accurately for individual BW on a daily basis. The pigs had no diarrhea and grew well on the rations allocated to them. RP FIOROTTO, ML (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KG642 UT WOS:A1993KG64200013 PM 8454555 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, SW EVANS, BC GUENTHER, JJ AF COLEMAN, SW EVANS, BC GUENTHER, JJ TI BODY AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF ANGUS AND CHAROLAIS STEERS AS AFFECTED BY AGE AND NUTRITION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPENSATORY GROWTH; CATTLE; BODY, COMPOSITION; ALLOMETRY ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; BEEF STEERS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; ENERGY-INTAKE; EMPTY BODY; CATTLE; PROTEIN; GAIN AB The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a low vs moderate rate of gain during the growing phase on empty body and carcass composition during finishing of Angus and Charolais steers of two ages. Forty-eight Angus and 48 Charolais steers that were either spring-born (OLDER) or fall-born (YOUNGER) were fed two diets (alfalfa pellets [CON] or cubed grass-alfalfa hay, wheat straw, cottonseed hulls, and soybean meal [RES]) for a growing period followed by a conventional feedlot period. The feedlot period started when the YOUNGER-CON steers weighed the same as the OLDER-RES steers. At that time, an interaction of age x diet occurred in empty body fat content (P < .10), whereas breed and age x diet affected carcass fat content (P < .01). OLDER-CON steers were larger (average 378 kg empty BW) and fatter than the other, smaller groups (average 222 kg). Angus carcasses were fatter than Charolais carcasses (P < .01). At the end of the finishing phase, compensating steers (OLDER-RES) had fatter carcasses than OLDER-CON steers. Empty body fat content was affected by a breed x age x diet interaction (P < .10). Allometric regressions (Y = aX(b)) of fat on empty BW indicated that empty body fat accretion was greater in Angus than in Charolais and in YOUNGER than in OLDER steers. A breed x age x diet interaction (P < .10) indicated that OLDER-Angus had higher fat accretive rates than YOUNGER-Angus, whereas OLDER-CON-Charolais steers deposited fat more slowly than the remaining groups. These data suggest that steers receiving feedlot diets at light weights, whether young in age or previously restricted, accumulate fat more rapidly than do larger steers. This feeding strategy may be an advantage in late-maturing types, but moderate growth through approximately 75% of slaughter weight is recommended for early-maturing types. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP COLEMAN, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KG642 UT WOS:A1993KG64200014 PM 8454556 ER PT J AU KENDALL, TL KOOHMARAIE, M ARBONA, JR WILLIAMS, SE YOUNG, LL AF KENDALL, TL KOOHMARAIE, M ARBONA, JR WILLIAMS, SE YOUNG, LL TI EFFECT OF PH AND IONIC-STRENGTH ON BOVINE M-CALPAIN AND CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; CALPAIN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; MYOFIBRILS; CALPASTATIN ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CA++-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; CALCIUM-ACTIVATED FACTOR; POSTMORTEM STORAGE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LYSOSOMAL-ENZYMES; CARDIAC-MUSCLE; MYOFIBRILS; INHIBITOR; CHLORIDE AB The effects of bovine skeletal muscle m-calpain and calpastatin on the degradation of casein and isolated bovine myofibrils were characterized under various pH values (7.0, 6.2, 5.7) and ionic strengths (32 to 400 mM KCl) at 25-degrees-C. Caseinolytic assays indicated that m-calpain activity increased with increasing pH (P < .01) but decreased with increasing ionic strength (P < .01). Regardless of the presence of m-calpain, SDS-PAGE of myofibrils showed increased solubilization of myofibrillar proteins as pH and ionic strength increased. However, only in the presence of m-calpain were changes normally observed during postmortem storage reproduced. Protein release attributed to m-calpain activity increased with pH, but the effects of elevated ionic strength on the ability of m-calpain to hydrolyze myofibrillar proteins were not evident from SDS-PAGE, except for the decreased troponin-T degradation by m-calpain at the higher ionic strengths. A pH x ionic strength interaction was observed for calpastatin activity determined by caseinolytic assays (P < .01). No changes in m-calpain inhibition were detected at pH 7.0 and 6.2 at different ionic strengths. However, at pH 5.7 the ability of calpastatin to inhibit m-calpain decreased with increasing ionic strength. No changes in m-calpain inhibition could be detected with SDS-PAGE. Based on these results, it can be concluded that although m-calpain and calpastatin activities decrease with increasing ionic strength, their activities in the presence of myofibrils were not affected by ionic strengths typically found in postmortem muscle. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KG642 UT WOS:A1993KG64200015 PM 8454557 ER PT J AU SODERBERG, D AF SODERBERG, D TI MEAT, POULTRY, AND MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP SODERBERG, D (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KG911 UT WOS:A1993KG91100036 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF AF ROSS, PF TI VETERINARY ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CORN; FUMONISIN-B1; FUSARIUM RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 165 EP 167 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KG911 UT WOS:A1993KG91100066 ER PT J AU HARBO, JR AF HARBO, JR TI EFFECT OF BROOD REARING ON HONEY CONSUMPTION AND THE SURVIVAL OF WORKER HONEY-BEES SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WORKER HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; BROOD REARING; ENERGY COSTS; FOOD CONVERSION; HONEY CONSUMPTION; LIFE-SPAN ID GAIN AB The cost of rearing a worker honey bee (Apis mellifera) was measured in terms of honey lost by the colony and the lifespan of the adult worker bees. Test colonies for each experiment were created by collecting bees from many different sources into a large cage and then subdividing those bees to make a group of uniform colonies. Colonies were evaluated outdoors in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, during February when there was pollen but no nectar for bees to collect. Brood production did not have a significant effect on adult survival during the first cycle of brood reading, but colonies that reared more brood during the first brood cycle had greater adult mortality during the next brood cycle. Bees used 121 g of honey to produce 1 000 cells of mixed-aged brood (eggs, larvae and pupae in a normal brood nest) and about 163 mg of honey to rear one worker bee to the pupal stage. In colonies containing brood of all stages, the weight of brood was nearly equal to (about 25% less than) the weight of honey that was used to produce it. RP HARBO, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LV051 UT WOS:A1993LV05100002 ER PT J AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MARTIN, JH AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MARTIN, JH TI BEHAVIOR OF EGG-LAYING VIRGIN AND MATED QUEEN HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L) AND THE COMPOSITION OF BROOD IN THEIR COLONIES SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; MATED QUEEN HONEY BEES; VIRGIN QUEEN HONEY BEES; LAYING WORKER HONEY BEES; DRONE HONEY BEES; OVIPOSITION; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; QUEEN PHEROMONES; KINSHIP ID OVARY DEVELOPMENT; WORKER HONEYBEES; HYMENOPTERA; REPRODUCTION; SUBSTANCES AB Virgin and mated cordovan queen honey bees (Apis mellifera) were introduced into two-frame colonies containing workers that were not related to the queens. The percentage of times that queens laid eggs after assuming an egg-laying position was lower for virgin queens than for mated queens. In most instances, mated queens laid more eggs per observation interval than virgin queens. Virgin queens were accepted and cared for by workers as were mated queens, and all virgin queens survived in the colonies. Colonies headed by virgin queens produced 0-58.1% of their brood from the eggs of laying workers, while colonies headed by mated queens did not produce any laying worker brood. Ovarian development was completely suppressed in colonies headed by mated queens. Although only early stage ovarian development was observed in workers sampled from colonies headed by virgin queens, from the composition of the brood it was deduced that some workers must have had completely developed ovaries and were laying eggs. RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LV051 UT WOS:A1993LV05100003 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP WONGSIRI, S SYLVESTER, HA DEGUZMAN, LI POTICHOT, S SHEPPARD, WS BUCHMANN, SL AF RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP WONGSIRI, S SYLVESTER, HA DEGUZMAN, LI POTICHOT, S SHEPPARD, WS BUCHMANN, SL TI TIME OF DRONE FLIGHT IN 4 HONEY-BEE SPECIES IN SOUTH-EASTERN THAILAND SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DRONE HONEY BEES; APIS-ANDRENIFORMIS; APIS-CERANA; APIS-DORSATA; APIS-FLOREA; FLIGHT; PERIODICITY; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SYMPATRIC SPECIES; EVOLUTION; THAILAND ID APIS-CERANA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SPERM COMPETITION; FABRICIUS; FLOREA AB At Chanthaburi, Thailand, four species of Apis, A. andreniformis, A. florea, A. cerana and A. dorsata, are sympatric. Observations were carried out on three wild colonies of each species on various days in February 1992. The daily drone flight periods were only partially specific: A. andreniformis from 12.15 h to 13.45 h; A. florea from 14.00 h to 16.45 h; A. cerana from 15.15 h to 17.30 h; and A. dorsata from 18.15 h to 18.45 h. The significance of these partially separate drone flight periods is discussed in terms of both reproductive isolation and evolution. C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BEE BIOL RES UNIT,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LV051 UT WOS:A1993LV05100004 ER PT J AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MARTIN, JH AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MARTIN, JH TI THE SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE HONEY-BEE (APIS-MELLIFERA L) CROSS-POLLINATING POPULATION ON MALE-STERILE SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; POLLINATION; SEED SET; FORAGING; IN-HIVE POLLEN TRANSFER; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS ID POLLEN; HYMENOPTERA; ABUNDANCE; CULTIVARS; APIDAE; BOMBUS AB The size of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) population carrying sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollen on their bodies while foraging on male-sterile (MS) plants was recorded. When equal numbers of MS and male-fertile (MF) rows were planted, all foragers had some sunflower pollen on their bodies, and the amount did not differ among MS rows at various distances from MF plants. When MS rows outnumbered MF by 3 to 1, 97.7% of the honey bees foraging on the MS row farthest from the MF plants had sunflower pollen on their bodies, but the amount was significantly less than on foragers on MS rows closer to MF plants. Seed set on MS rows adjacent to MFs did not differ from that on MF plants, but set decreased in MS rows further away. The percentage of pollen-collecting honey bees moving from MF to MS rows indicates one means by which the cross-pollinating honey bee population can be created, but these bees represented only 6.5-12.8% of all foragers. Pollen-free honey bees either released in hives located near sunflower fields or pinned at the hive entrances obtained sunflower pollen grains on their bodies, but the amount was much less when MS rows outnumbered MF by 3 to 1. Pollen transfer in the hive may be a component in the creation of the cross-pollinating honey bee population on MS sunflowers, but the impact may vary with MF: MS row ratios and the amount of sunflower pollen entering the hive. RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1993 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA269 UT WOS:A1993NA26900003 ER PT J AU SPIVAK, M GILLIAM, M AF SPIVAK, M GILLIAM, M TI FACULTATIVE EXPRESSION OF HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR OF HONEY-BEES IN RELATION TO DISEASE RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR; BROOD REMOVAL; CHALKBROOD; ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENETIC FACTORS ID SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA; CHALKBROOD DISEASE; ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; COLONIES; MELLIFERA; PATHOGENS; SEX AB Four experiments were conducted to examine factors that influence the expression of hygienic and non-hygienic behaviour in honey bees, Apis mellifera, and to examine the correlation between this behaviour and resistance to chalkbrood, Ascosphaera apis. Colonies were headed by instrumentally inseminated queens selected on the basis of uncapping and removal behaviour expressed by their progeny. In the first experiment, colony strength was altered by transferring hygienic and non-hygienic colonies from 10-frame field hives to 2-frame observation hives. This treatment significantly reduced the hygienic response of the hygienic bees but did not affect the response of the non-hygienic bees. In the second experiment, hygienic and non-hygienic bees displayed different responses to freeze-killed and live brood which had been partially or entirely uncapped. Both lines of bees recapped both partially and entirely uncapped live brood, but non-hygienic bees also recapped partially uncapped freeze-killed brood, suggesting that non-hygienic bees either could not detect dead or diseased brood or avoided it by sealing it within a comb cell. The third experiment tested whether the degree of hygienic behaviour could be increased by adding hygienic bees to non-hygienic colonies. Adding 20-30% young hygienic bees to non-hygienic colonies did not increase the degree of hygienic behaviour, but adding young non-hygienic bees to hygienic colonies suppressed the behaviour. The results suggest that although hygienic behavior is genetically determined, its expression depends on colony strength and composition of workers within the colony. In the fourth experiment, the hygienic and non-hygienic colonies were fed with pollen patties containing A. apis spores. The weak correspondence that was observed between removal behaviour and physiological resistance to chalkbrood suggested that few colonies are both highly hygienic and physiologically resistant to chalkbrood. Selection against uncapping and removing diseased brood might occur if this behaviour also promotes the spread of disease through the colony. This possibility is discussed in relation to avoidance behaviour of other social insects toward pathogens. C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 52 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1993 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 157 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA269 UT WOS:A1993NA26900005 ER PT J AU HARBO, JR AF HARBO, JR TI FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTS THAT ASSOCIATE HEAT WITH MORTALITY OF TRACHEAL MITES SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; TRACHEAL MITES; ACARAPIS-WOODI; MORTALITY; HEAT; HIVE TEMPERATURE; HIVE COLOR ID ACARAPIS-WOODI; COLONIES AB Twelve white and 12 dark (unpainted) hives were set up in a sunny location in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, on 7 May 1992. Each hive received a uniform colony of 5048 +/- 125 (mean +/- s.d.) honey bees (Apis mellifera) that had been established from a single, artificially mixed population; 38% of the bees were infested with tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi). During June and July, bees produced more brood and honey in white hives than in dark hives. On 5 August, dark hives contained fewer tracheal mites than white hives; mites were found in 1 dark and 10 white hives (P < 0.001). In summer, the temperature in the space between brood combs in the dark hives often exceeded 40-degrees-C; maximum temperatures in the brood areas of dark and white hives, were 45-degrees-C and 38-degrees-C respectively. Laboratory tests showed that heat can kill tracheal mites inside live bees. A single six-hour exposure of bees to 42-degrees-C, a condition comparable to the short periods of high temperature encountered in field colonies, significantly reduced mite populations. In a second test, three-day-old worker bees were kept at 34.5-degrees-C or 39-degrees-C for 48 h and evaluated four days later (both groups of bees were stored at 34.5-degrees-C during the last four days). Bees kept at 34.5-degrees-C (controls) contained 2.7 larval mites per adult mite; bees exposed to 39-degrees-C contained 0.01. Controls contained nearly twice as many eggs (2.8 vs. 1.5 eggs per adult mite). This suggests that existing eggs died or did not develop during the 48 h at 39-degrees-C and that viable eggs were not produced during that period. RP HARBO, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1993 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA269 UT WOS:A1993NA26900006 ER PT J AU MULLIE, WC KEITH, JO AF MULLIE, WC KEITH, JO TI THE EFFECTS OF AERIALLY APPLIED FENITROTHION AND CHLORPYRIFOS ON BIRDS IN THE SAVANNA OF NORTHERN SENEGAL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; MORTALITY; FOOD HABITS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PESTICIDE IMPACTS ID BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE; WHITE-THROATED SPARROWS; PHOSPHATE PESTICIDE; STARLINGS; NESTLINGS; IMPACT AB 1. Studies of the effects of applications of locust insecticides on birds were conducted in the savannah of northern Senegal in 1989. The insecticides studied were fenitrothion at 485 and 825 g ha-1 and chlorpyrifos at 270 and 387 g ha-1. 2. Total bird numbers decreased on all treated plots. Decreases in three of the most abundant species were significant on the fenitrothion plots. Some of the decrease was due to bird mortality, but apparently most of it represented movements of birds in reaction to a reduction in their arthropod food. 3. The reduction in grasshoppers was four times greater on the fenitrothion plots than on the chlorpyrifos plots, and this difference was reflected by a decrease in the insect foods eaten by birds after the treatments. C1 USDA,INT PROGRAMS RES SECT,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. FOOD & AGR ORG UNITED NATIONS,EMERGENCY CTR LOCUST OPERAT,I-00100 ROME,ITALY. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PY 1993 VL 30 IS 3 BP 536 EP 550 DI 10.2307/2404193 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT346 UT WOS:A1993LT34600014 ER PT J AU SEALE, JL CONWAY, JM CANARY, JJ AF SEALE, JL CONWAY, JM CANARY, JJ TI 7-DAY VALIDATION OF DOUBLY LABELED WATER METHOD USING INDIRECT ROOM CALORIMETRY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RESPIRATORY CALORIMETER; CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; HEAT PRODUCTION ID MEASURING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; TOTAL-BODY WATER; HUMANS; INFANTS; BALANCE AB Carbon dioxide production, water production, and energy expenditure (EE) determined with (H2O)-H-2-O-18 were validated using a room calorimeter. Nine human subjects (5 males, 4 females) resided in the calorimeter for five to seven consecutive 23.5-h days. Daily carbon dioxide and water production and EE were averaged from calorimeter data and compared with (H2O)-H-2-O-18 results for the same period and for the following week. Isotope concentrations were measured by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy (O-18) and infrared spectrophotometry (H-2). Isotope clearance rates and pool sizes were determined by two multipoint methods and the two-point method. No significant differences were measured between calorimetry and (H2O)-H-2-O-18 results for the period within the chamber [multipoint A.M. urine 1.55% +/- 2.57 (SD) %, multipoint A.M. + P.m. urine 0.98% +/- 8.19%, two-point 1.59% +/- 4.50%]. Free-living EE was 13% +/- 7% greater. The results indicate that the (H2O)-H-2-O-18 method as applied is a valid technique for measuring EE, that multipoint calculation methods can be as precise as the two-point method, and that EE was greater in free-living than in calorimeter-confined conditions. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV HOSP,DIV ENDOCRINOL & METAB DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP SEALE, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR E,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 74 IS 1 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA KJ480 UT WOS:A1993KJ48000055 PM 8383108 ER PT J AU MOON, JK JENSEN, CL BUTTE, NF AF MOON, JK JENSEN, CL BUTTE, NF TI FAST-RESPONSE WHOLE-BODY INDIRECT CALORIMETERS FOR INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; NEWBORN INFANT; PREMATURE INFANT ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; ENERGY-COST; GROWTH; METABOLISM; PERIODS; SYSTEM AB Portable whole body indirect calorimeters were constructed for full-term (2.5- to 8-kg) and preterm (1- to 2.5-kg) infants. A new calibration system significantly increased the accuracy of flowmeters and gas analyzers. Performance tests with N2 and CO2 infusions and butane combustion demonstrated that the error of individual measurements of O2 consumption and CO2 production were within +/- 2%. The measured error was close to the theoretical uncertainty of approximately +/- 1% calculated from test results of the flowmeters and gas analyzers. System response to a step change in butane combustion rate exceeded 90% within 2 min. Error of +/- 2% and response of 2 min are likely to be the practical lower limits for whole body infant indirect calorimeters with current technology. The calorimeters demonstrated a rapid increase in O2 consumption after feeding (preterm infants) and in the transition from non-rapid-eye-movement to rapid-eye-movement sleep stages (full-term infants). RP MOON, JK (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 74 IS 1 BP 476 EP 484 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA KJ480 UT WOS:A1993KJ48000066 PM 8444731 ER PT J AU WELCH, JB AF WELCH, JB TI PREDATION BY SPIDERS ON GROUND-RELEASED SCREWWORM FLIES, COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) IN A MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF SOUTHERN MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Predation by spiders on ground-released adult screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was studied near Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, during 13 August 1984-23 January 1985. Observations of predatory behavior and manual collections of spiders during September provided the majority of the data. Species in 12 genera of spiders were confirmed as predators of screwworm flies. Nephila clavipes, Eriophora ravilla, Neoscona oaxacensis and Leucauge spp. were the most important predators. Spiders caused an estimated 4.5% mortality to flies in a 2250 m3 area during September. Capture of screwworm flies in webs up to 10 m above ground suggests the need to investigate the importance of forest canopies in screwworm ecology. RP WELCH, JB (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR SPACE RES,USDA ARS,WRW 402,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LG881 UT WOS:A1993LG88100003 ER PT J AU LOCKLEY, TC YOUNG, OP AF LOCKLEY, TC YOUNG, OP TI SURVIVABILITY OF OVERWINTERING ARGIOPE-AURANTIA (ARANEIDAE) EGG CASES, WITH AN ANNOTATED LIST OF ASSOCIATED ARTHROPODS SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Overwintering egg cases of the black and yellow garden spider, Argiope aurantia Lucas (Araneae: Araneidae), were observed during the late winter and early spring of 1985, 1986, and 1987 in Washington County, Mississippi. Of 120 egg cases monitored in the field in 1985, only three remained undamaged by the period of peak spiderling emergence in May. An additional 115 field-collected egg cases were observed in the laboratory in 1985. A total of 23,840 A. aurantia spiderlings emerged from the lab egg cases (mean = 341), with 1212 spiderlings emerging from one undamaged egg case. Adults or pupae of either the parasitic ichneumonid wasp, Tromatopia rufopectus (Cr.), or the parasitic chloropid fly, Pseudogaurax signatus (Loew), emerged from 56% of the field-collected egg cases. Nineteen species of insects, representing 19 genera, 15 families and 5 orders were collected from lab-reared egg cases in 1985. In addition, 11 species of spiders were recovered from A. aurantia egg cases. In 1985, 97% of the egg cases observed in the field showed evidence of bird damage. In both 1986 and 1987, 100% of the egg cases were damaged by birds. RP LOCKLEY, TC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,S&T,IFAS,3505 25TH AVE,GULFPORT,MS 39501, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LG881 UT WOS:A1993LG88100006 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI HERITABLE AND LIFE-STYLE DETERMINANTS OF BONE-MINERAL DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; MOTHER-DAUGHTER PAIRS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GENETIC-DETERMINANTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FAMILIAL RESEMBLANCE; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY-INTAKE AB Familial resemblance in bone mineral density at five skeletal sites was measured among 160 adult members of 40 families. Each family included a postmenopausal mother, one premenopausal daughter, one son, and the children's father. Similarities in selected life-style factors thought to influence bone density, such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were also evaluated. Bone density was measured by dual-energy (total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine) or single-photon (radius and os calcis) absorptiometry. Correlation coefficients between the midparent Z score and offspring Z scores of bone mineral density ranged from 0.22 to 0.52 among daughters and from 0.27 to 0.58 among sons. Adjustment of bone density for age, height, weight, and significant life-style or environmental factors yielded heritability estimates for the five skeletal sites between 0.46 and 0.62. That is, 46-62% of variance in bone density was attributable to heredity. Most estimates derived from the group of daughters were similar to those from the sons. These observations provide support for a significant contribution of heredity to bone density. However, an individual's life-style may account for a potentially large proportion of the nonheritable variance in bone density. RP KRALL, EA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 44 TC 366 Z9 378 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KH407 UT WOS:A1993KH40700001 PM 8427042 ER PT J AU IRWIN, P PFEFFER, P DONER, L FERRETTI, J AF IRWIN, P PFEFFER, P DONER, L FERRETTI, J TI NMR-STUDIES OF H2O-N-PHENYL (N-PHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLAMINE)URONAMIDE INTERACTIONS IN DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE AT 2 FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPIN DIFFUSION; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; CONFORMATION; PROTEINS; RATES; DMSO AB During the course of NMR structural investigations of the title compound (N-phenyl uronamide) we noticed the presence of a strong H2O activity-dependent NOE between the small amount of H2O associated with the carbohydrate's hydroxyl protons in solutions of DMSO-d6. The -OH/H2O off-diagonal t1 slices displayed a NOESY tau(m)-dependence similar to molecules (tau(c) = 0.1-5 ns) experiencing slow exchange (1-10 s-1). From T1 data at two fields a tau(c) for the title compound was calculated to be ca. 0.54 ns at 313 K. The -OH/H2O exchange rate constant, kappa, increased from 0.32 to 11.14 s-1 as the molar ratio of [H2O] : [N-phenyl uronamide] increased from ca. 4.5 to 5.2. The latter finding indicated that the -OH/H2O proton exchange process, which is strongly affected by the translational diffusion of H2O, diminished as [H2O] approached that which was inherently a complex in the crystalline structure (e.g., C18H20O5N2.4H2O) and was, presumably, tightly hydrogen-bound to the -OH/NH funtional groups. To test this, the title compound was recrystallized from ethanol/2,2-dimethoxypropane whereupon the bound H2O was eliminated; the lack of H2O induced a significant upfield shift in the resonance frequencies of all the exchangable (-OH DELTAdelta=86.33Hz; -NH DELTAdelta-67.84Hz) functional groups relative to the methine protons (CH DELTAdelta=0.25Hz). C1 NHLBI,BIOPHYS CHEM LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP IRWIN, P (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1080/07328309308018541 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KG644 UT WOS:A1993KG64400006 ER PT J AU DOWD, MK REILLY, PJ FRENCH, AD AF DOWD, MK REILLY, PJ FRENCH, AD TI MOLECULAR MODELING OF 2 DISACCHARIDES CONTAINING FRUCTOPYRANOSE LINKED TO GLUCOPYRANOSE SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MECHANICS AB Ramachandran energy surfaces for the disaccharides leucrose and turanose were computed using MM3. For each molecule, thirty-two combinations of hydroxyl and primary alcohol group orientations were considered. The calculations used a dielectric constant of 4.0 and the maps were generated on a 20-degrees grid-spacing. The models compared well with the corresponding crystal structures except for significant deviations in some of the anomeric C-O bond lengths. C1 USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0732-8303 EI 1532-2327 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4-5 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1080/07328309308019400 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LL818 UT WOS:A1993LL81800006 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ CARLSON, DG VETTER, RS BAKER, TC AF BARTELT, RJ CARLSON, DG VETTER, RS BAKER, TC TI MALE-PRODUCED AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF CARPOPHILUS-MUTILATUS (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS-MUTILATUS; SAP BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; HYDROCARBON; TRIENE; DATE; HOST VOLATILES ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; IDENTIFICATION; LUGUBRIS AB Males Of Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson produce an aggregation Pheromone to which both sexes respond. The pheromone includes two hydrocarbon components, (3E,5E,7E)-5-ethyl-7-methyl-3,5,7-undecatriene (1) and (3E,5E,7E)-6-ethyl-4-methyl-3,5,7-decatriene (2). These were emitted in a 10 : 1 ratio and in a total amount of ca. 5 ng per feeding male per day. All tested doses of 1 and 2, from 0.03 to 30 ng, were more attractive than controls in wind-tunnel tests, but there was no evidence of synergism between these trienes. Dramatic synergism between the pheromone and a food-type coattractant occurred in the field, however. In a date garden in southern California, traps with a combination of synthetic 1 and fermenting whole-wheat bread dough attracted 22 times more beetles than dough by itself and 295 times more than 1 by itself. Volatile collections from males also contained three oxygenated compounds that were absent from females. One of these was tetradecanal (ca. 5 ng per male per day), but the structures of the other two am presently undetermined (0.8 and 1. 1 ng per male per day). No function for these was demonstrated. One compound originating in the artificial diet, 2-phenylethanol, was particularly attractive in the wind-tunnel bioassay, as was the chromatographic solvent, methanol. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES GRP,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 19 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1007/BF00987476 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KJ120 UT WOS:A1993KJ12000011 PM 24248516 ER PT J AU KING, JW SNYDER, JM TAYLOR, SL JOHNSON, JH ROWE, LD AF KING, JW SNYDER, JM TAYLOR, SL JOHNSON, JH ROWE, LD TI TRANSLATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION METHODS TO COMMERCIAL INSTRUMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MEAT-PRODUCTS; PESTICIDES; PROTEIN C1 USDA,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES SERV,COLL STN,TX 77845. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KF881 UT WOS:A1993KF88100002 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA ENGEMAN, RM AF KIMBALL, BA ENGEMAN, RM TI A SIMPLIFIED EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION OF SFE CONDITIONS FOR EXTRACTION OF AN AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE - COMMENTS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KF881 UT WOS:A1993KF88100008 ER PT J AU VANROMPAY, D ANDERSEN, AA DUCATELLE, R HAESEBROUCK, F AF VANROMPAY, D ANDERSEN, AA DUCATELLE, R HAESEBROUCK, F TI SEROTYPING OF EUROPEAN ISOLATES OF CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI FROM POULTRY AND OTHER BIRDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROVAR DETERMINATION; ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS; OVINE ORIGIN; TRACHOMATIS; MICROIMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AB A panel of five serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies which distinguish the five known avian serovars of Chlamydia psittaci was used to serotype 45 European avian Chlamydia psittaci isolates. Chlamydial antigen was grown in Buffalo green monkey (BGM) cells or in embryonated chicken eggs and was then inoculated into BGM cells. Serotyping was performed in an indirect immunofluorescence test. The 45 European isolates included 22 isolates from the order Psittaciformes, 9 isolates from the order Columbiformes, 6 isolates from the order Galliformes, 5 isolates from the order Passeriformes, and 3 isolates from the order Anseriformes. All of these were successfully serotyped. No additional serovars were found. One isolate from a duck and two isolates from psittacine birds gave positive immunofluorescences with two monoclonal antibodies considered to be specific for two different serovars. These three isolates were cloned by an agar overlay method. Serotyping of the clones demonstrated that the duck and one psittacine bird each were infected with two different serovars. After cloning, one isolate from a psittacine bird reacted only with serovar A. From these results it was concluded that this serotyping system allows the classification of all isolates tested so far. The results show that similar serovars are prevalent in avian species in Europe and the United States. The results also indicate that birds from a certain order are more susceptible to a distinct serovar. The use of a panel of serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies in the immunofluorescence test provides a reliable method for serotyping avian isolates. Monoclonal antibodies to new avian isolate serovars can easily be added to the panel, which makes the system useful for epidemiological studies. C1 STATE UNIV GHENT,FAC VET MED,VET BACTERIOL LAB,B-9000 GENT,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP VANROMPAY, D (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,FAC VET MED,DEPT AVIAN DIS,B-9000 GENT,BELGIUM. RI Haesebrouck, Freddy/M-3857-2014 OI Haesebrouck, Freddy/0000-0002-1709-933X NR 18 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 134 EP 137 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KC718 UT WOS:A1993KC71800025 PM 8417017 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP HORST, RL TI ORAL-ADMINISTRATION OF CALCIUM SALTS FOR TREATMENT OF HYPOCALCEMIA IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; MILK FEVER; HYPOCALCEMIA; PARTURIENT PARESIS ID PARTURIENT PARESIS; MILK FEVER; DAIRY-COWS; PREVENTION; PREPARTUM; DIET; METABOLISM; CHLORIDE; CATIONS; PLASMA AB Milk fever is usually treated by i.v. administration of 8 to 10 g of Ca. Oral Ca salts have been suggested as an alternate treatment for milk fever. In our studies. Plasma Ca concentration changes effected by various oral Ca preparations were compared. Solutions were administered by oral drenching of cows, and blood was obtained hourly. Calcium chloride increased plasma Ca better than Ca propionate, which increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate. A CaCl2 gel formulation increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate, but not as well as did Ca propionate. Concentrated solutions of Ca as CaCl2 increased plasma Ca better than diluted solutions. Rumen bypass of Ca salts increased plasma ca concentration more than when Ca salts were placed into the rumen. Oral administration of 50 g of Ca as CaCl2 raised Plasma Ca concentrations to the same extent as 4 g of Ca as CaCl2 given i.v. We also examined effects of oral Ca salts on Plasma Ca concentrations of hypocalcemic periparturient cows and found that oral Ca treatment could treat mild caws of hypocalcemia. We also caution that CaCl2 use must be limited because excessive amounts cause severe metabolic acidosis. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77328-2 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KL143 UT WOS:A1993KL14300011 PM 8436668 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB AF REEVES, JB TI CHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE COMPOSITION OF FIBER FRACTIONS AND LIGNIN DETERMINATION RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN ASSAYS; FORAGES; FIBER ID OXIDATION AB The objective was to define better the nature of the plant fraction identified as lignin by various assay procedures. Seven materials (alfalfa, orchardgrass, red clover, and switchgrass hays, a mixed hay, peanut hulls, and wheat straw) were used. Lignin procedures studied were as follows: acetyl bromide, 72% sulfuric acid, permanganate, chlorite, and triethylene glycol. These procedures then were applied to a variety of fiber sources (ADF, hot water-organic solvent, and extraction with 5% ammonium oxalate). Fractions were examined for CP, phenolics, and carbohydrate composition and by performing lignin assays on the residues from other lignin procedures. Results showed large differences in the values obtained by the various procedures. The most common problem was the tendency for at least some CP to be included as lignin. Each method, however, displayed unique problems. Acetyl bromide easily can overestimate lignin because of interference by carbohydrates, especially with residues from other lignin determinations. The chlorite and triethylene glycol methods did not remove all the lipin, and the 72% sulfuric acid and permanganate procedures determined some CP as lignin. Finally, although the permanganate method for lignin generally removed all the lignin, it altered carbohydrates as did the triethylene glycol method. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77331-2 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KL143 UT WOS:A1993KL14300014 ER PT J AU YANG, JH BRODERICK, GA KOEGEL, RG AF YANG, JH BRODERICK, GA KOEGEL, RG TI EFFECT OF HEAT-TREATING ALFALFA HAY ON CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AND RUMINAL INVITRO PROTEIN-DEGRADATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA HAY; PROTEIN UTILIZATION; HEAT TREATMENT ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; SOLE FORAGE; NITROGEN; HAYLAGE; SILAGE; MEAL AB Conventional (unshredded) and shredded alfalfa hays were heated in either a forced-air oven or a steam pressure cooker at different times and temperatures to determine the effect of heat treatment on chemical composition and ruminal protein degradability. Rates of protein degradation and extents of protein escape were estimated using a ruminal inhibitor in vitro system. Both rates and extents were corrected for the proportion of total N in ADIN. Estimated net protein escape (total escape minus ADIN-bound CP) of unshredded and shredded hays was increased by oven or steam heating. Optimal oven treatments, as indicated by the greatest increase in net protein escape, were 120-degrees min at 150-degrees-C and 60 min at 160-degrees-C. Net protein escapes of shredded hay were greater than unshredded hay when neither was heated and when hays were heated to the same extent. Equivalent protein protection was obtained by oven heating for 120 min at 140-degrees-C, 60 min at 150-degrees-C, and 30 min at 160-degrees-C, which gave net protein escapes of 55, 54, and 54% for shredded hay and 44, 45, and 43% for unshredded hay, respectively. Similar protein protection was obtained at lower temperatures and shorter times with steam heating, Nearly optimal net protein escapes were obtained with steam treatment for 30 to 120 min at 100-degrees-C or for 15 min at 110 or 120-degrees-C. Oven heating and, especially, steam heating of hays for the longer times increased ADIN to very high percentages. These data indicated that moderate heat treatment of alfalfa hay reduces ruminal protein degradation and improves protein utilization. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77334-8 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KL143 UT WOS:A1993KL14300017 ER PT J AU BRODERICK, GA YANG, JH KOEGEL, RG AF BRODERICK, GA YANG, JH KOEGEL, RG TI EFFECT OF STEAM HEATING ALFALFA HAY ON UTILIZATION BY LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA HAY; PROTEIN UTILIZATION; HEAT TREATMENT; MILK PRODUCTION ID EXPELLER SOYBEAN-MEAL; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; SOLE FORAGE; SILAGE; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; NITROGEN; SOLVENT; HAYLAGE; RATES AB Alfalfa hay was steam heated for an average of 47 min at 100 to 100-degrees-C; net ruminal protein escape (total escape minus ADIN x 6.25), estimated in vitro, was 50% versus 29% for control hay. Heating increased ADIN content from 4.6 to 15.3% of total N and increased NDF from 43 to 53% of DM. In trial 1, 14 cows averaging 81 DIM and 30 kg/d of milk were fed, in a switchback design, diets containing 18% com, .7% urea, and 81% control or heated hay. Intake of DM, milk fat content, and fat yield were unaffected by hay source. However, feeding heated hay reduced production of milk; yields of protein, lactose, and SNF; digestibility of DM and N; and ruminal concentrations of ammonia and total VFA. In trial 2, 16 cows averaging 36 DIM and 38 kg/d of milk were fed, in balanced 4 x 4 Latin squares, diets containing 1) 76% alfalfa silage and 23% high moisture com; 2) 76% alfalfa silage, 14% high moisture com, and 9% soybean meal; 3) 52% alfalfa silage, 23% high moisture com, and 24% control hay; and 4) 43% alfalfa silage, 32% high moisture com, and 24% heated hay. High moisture com content of the diet with heated hay was increased to equalize NE(L). Reduced ruminal ammonia and branched-chain VFA indicated decreased ruminal protein degradation on heated hay. Intake of DM, production of milk, and yields of protein, lactose, and SNF were greatest on heated hay, intermediate on soybean meal, and lowest on alfalfa silage and unheated hay. Digestibility of DM and ruminal pH were slightly lower on heated hay. Results indicated that steam heating alfalfa hay improved protein utilization but reduced energy digestibility. RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77335-X PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KL143 UT WOS:A1993KL14300018 ER PT J AU DUNN, RO SCHWAB, AW BAGBY, MO AF DUNN, RO SCHWAB, AW BAGBY, MO TI SOLUBILIZATION AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN NONAQUEOUS TRIOLEIN UNSATURATED LONG-CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOL METHANOL SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROEMULSIONS AB Five unsaturated C18 fatty alcohols were examined as solubility enhancers for methanol in nonaqueous triolein solution. Ternary equilibrium diagrams showed that addition of the unsaturated fatty alcohol can substantially affect miscibility in triolein-methanol mixtures. Under most experimental conditions, solubility, interfacial tension, and kinematic viscosity results were consistent with those for co-solvency. That is, the fatty alcohols act as co-solvents for increasing methanol solubility in triolein. On the other hand, for 1:1 (vol) triolein/(Z)-9-octadecen-1-ol solutions with greater than 0.444 vol frac methanol, relative viscosity data were consistent with those for solutions containing large aggregates. Under these conditions, it is feasible that the fatty alcohols act as ''true'' solubilizers for increasing methanol solubility in triolein. RP DUNN, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1080/01932699308943384 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KG525 UT WOS:A1993KG52500001 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JJ PAWSON, BM AF PETERSEN, JJ PAWSON, BM TI DISCRIMINATION BY THE PUPAL PARASITE SPALANGIA-CAMERONI (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) BETWEEN LIVE AND FREEZE KILLED HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) PUPAE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; SPALANGIA-CAMERONI; HOST DISCRIMINATION; PTEROMALID WASPS; HOUSE FLIES ID MUSCIDIFURAX-ZARAPTOR HYMENOPTERA AB Live house fly pupae were suitable as hosts for Spalangia cameroni Perkins at all age classes tested. However, no parasite emergence occurred from house fly pupae freeze-killed when 12 h old and very limited emergence occurred for pupae freeze-killed when 132 h old. Furthermore, significantly more parasites emerged from hosts that were alive when parasitized when compared with freeze-killed hosts parasitized under similar conditions. In choice experiments, S. cameroni exhibited a strong preference for live hosts over freeze-killed hosts at all parasite-to-host ratios. It does not appear that freeze-killed hosts will be useful as a survey tool or as a method for field propagation of S. cameroni as they are for other species of pteromalids. RP PETERSEN, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM718 UT WOS:A1993KM71800015 ER PT J AU COOPER, JC AF COOPER, JC TI OPTIMAL BID SELECTION FOR DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEYS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WELFARE EVALUATIONS; BINARY DATA; DESIGNS; VALUES RP COOPER, JC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ROOM 508,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 27 TC 113 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1006/jeem.1993.1002 PG 16 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KJ331 UT WOS:A1993KJ33100002 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ AF SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ TI PREDICTION OF BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS LOSS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUNOFF; SOIL; NUTRIENTS AB The loss of bioavailable P (BAP) in both soluble (SP) and particulate (BPP, bioavailable particulate P) forms in agricultural runoff, can accelerate the eutrophication of surface waters. Bioavailable P represents P that is potentially available for algal uptake. Although prediction of BAP loss would provide a more reliable assessment of the impact of agricultural management on surface water eutrophication than just SP or total P (TP), currently no predictive equations are available. Bioavailable P transport in soluble and particulate forms in runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains over a 5-yr period, was predicted using kinetic and enrichment ratio approaches, respectively. Measured and predicted SP and BPP concentrations of individual runoff events were similar for all watersheds and management practices over a range of 7 to 3522 and 3 to 4059 mug L-1, respectively. Calculated as the sum of SP and BPP, BAP loss in runoff was predicted accurately, with only a 12% error in measured mean annual loss (662 g ha-1 yr-1). Although BAP loss below 100 g ha-1yr-1 was underestimated, above this value measured and predicted values closely followed a 1:1 relationship. Inclusion of these equations in comprehensive water quality models will improve the prediction of agricultural management on the biological response of receiving water bodies. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM199 UT WOS:A1993KM19900004 ER PT J AU LEVANON, D CODLING, EE MEISINGER, JJ STARR, JL AF LEVANON, D CODLING, EE MEISINGER, JJ STARR, JL TI MOBILITY OF AGROCHEMICALS THROUGH SOIL FROM 2 TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; NITROGEN; NITRATE AB The fate of agrochemicals is often greatly affected by the surface soil conditions in the field. This study was conducted to characterize the impact of two contrasting tillage systems on the movement of agrochemicals in soil. The two tillage systems were plow-tillage (PT) and no-tillage (NT) for corn (Zea mays L.) production. The study included incubation and leaching of undisturbed soil columns and disturbed soil samples from 16-yr plots subject to the two tillage regimes. The agrochemicals used in the study were NH4NO3, atrazine (2-chloro-4-thylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4 diamine), carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate), diazinon (0,0- diethyl-O-(6-methyl- 2(1-methethyl)-4-pryamidinyl phosphor- othioate), and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-metoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide). The results of this study show greater ponded flow movement of all agrochemicals in soils under PT vs. NT conditions. Strong evidence was found for preferential flow through the soil, with the chemicals by-passing much of the soil-matrix under recently plowed soils as well as NT soils. Nitrate leaching was significantly greater under PT than NT, apparently due to greater mineralizing activity of the PT soil compared with the NT soil. The pesticide movement also tended to be greater under PT than NT. Caution should be exercised in generalizing to field conditions, but these data suggest that there can be greater leaching losses of surface-applied agrochemicals to groundwater under PT than under NT. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEVANON, D (reprint author), ARO INST SOILS & WATER,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 19 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM199 UT WOS:A1993KM19900020 ER PT J AU WIENHOLD, BJ SADEGHI, AM GISH, TJ AF WIENHOLD, BJ SADEGHI, AM GISH, TJ TI EFFECT OF STARCH ENCAPSULATION AND TEMPERATURE ON VOLATILIZATION OF ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; SOIL; FIELD; TRIFLURALIN; GREENHOUSE; HEPTACHLOR; TOXAPHENE; DIELDRIN AB Volatilization of agricultural chemicals is one process whereby chemicals may enter into parts of the environment where they were not intended. Starch encapsulation of pesticides has been proposed as a way of modifying pesticide behavior in the soil environment. This study was conducted to assess how starch encapsulation and temperature affect volatilization of atrazine 16-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methyl-ethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and alachlor 12-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide]. Volatilization was measured using agroecosystem chambers as model systems. Herbicides were applied at rates of 1.7 kg ha-1 for atrazine and 2.8 kg ha-1 for alachlor, as either a commercial formulation or a starch encapsulated formulation, to the surface of moist soils maintained at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35-degrees-C. Air was drawn through the chambers (2.5 m3 min-1) and herbicide in the vapor phase was trapped in polyurethane foam plugs. Volatilization of both herbicides increased as temperature increased. Volatilization of atrazine was less when applied as starch-encapsulated formulation than the commercial formulation. After 35 d cumulative volatilization of atrazine ranged from < 1% of that applied as starch-encapsulated formulation at 15-degrees-C, to 14% of that applied as the commercial formulation at 35-degrees-C. Cumulative volatilization of alachlor was greater when applied as starch-encapsulated formulation than as the commercial formulation. After 35 d, cumulative volatilization of alachlor ranged from >2% of that applied as either formulation at 15-degrees-C to 32% of that applied as starch encapsulated formulation at 35-degrees-C. Differences in volatilization behavior between these herbicides are likely to be due to differences in chemical properties of these herbicides. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WIENHOLD, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM199 UT WOS:A1993KM19900021 ER PT J AU WHANG, JM SCHOMBURG, CJ GLOTFELTY, DE TAYLOR, AW AF WHANG, JM SCHOMBURG, CJ GLOTFELTY, DE TAYLOR, AW TI VOLATILIZATION OF FONOFOS, CHLORPYRIFOS, AND ATRAZINE FROM CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILL SURFACE SOILS IN THE FIELD SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT VELOCITY SCALE; HENRY LAW CONSTANTS; INHOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; SORPTION; PROFILE; SYSTEMS AB We measured the effect of no-till on pesticide volatilization in a side-by-side comparison of volatilization rates from no-till (NT) and conventionally tilled (CT) fields. Volatilization rates were determined using the theoretical profile shape method for 10 of the 26 d following application. Soil and mulch residues were also measured. Volatilization losses of fonofos (O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) and chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] from the NT field were two to four times volatilization losses from the CT field. As much as one-half of the application volatilized during 26 d. Volatilization of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-meth-ylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] was also greater from NT, but only 1 to 2% of the application volatilized. Maximum volatilization rates were usually measured at midday, indicating that volatilization was not limited by soil dryness. Over the 26 d of the experiment, volatilization decreased faster than pesticide residue was depleted, suggesting residues were becoming more strongly sorbed to soil and/or mulch, or were becoming less accessible to the surface. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,ECL,BLDG 001,RM 221 BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND AGR EXP STN,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM199 UT WOS:A1993KM19900023 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, WE CHAMPAGNE, ET EVANS, WJ AF MARSHALL, WE CHAMPAGNE, ET EVANS, WJ TI USE OF RICE MILLING BY-PRODUCTS (HULLS AND BRAN) TO REMOVE METAL-IONS FROM AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE RICE BRAN; RICE HULLS; METAL IONS; BY-PRODUCTS; ION-EXCHANGE; ION ADSORPTION ID CADMIUM; BINDING; WATER AB Rice milling byproducts (hulls and bran) were evaluated for their ability to adsorb metal ions from aqueous solution. Hulls adsorbed low levels (13-27%) of Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) at 100 mg/L metal ion concentration. Several different bran samples, both full-fat and defatted, were evaluated. A defatted, extrusion stabilized bran was found to have a high adsorption capacity for Cr(III), Cu(II) and Zn(II), but a much lower adsorption capacity for Co(II) and Ni(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of this bran for Cr(III) compared favorably to the total exchange capacity of a commercial resin specifically used to remove transition metals (Zn, Cu, etc.) from aqueous solution. RP MARSHALL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1993 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1977 EP 1992 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MK147 UT WOS:A1993MK14700007 ER PT J AU DAVISCARTER, JG BURGOA, B AF DAVISCARTER, JG BURGOA, B TI ATRAZINE RUNOFF AND LEACHING LOSSES FROM SOIL IN TILTED BEDS AS INFLUENCED BY 3 RATES OF LAGOON EFFLUENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; MANURE; RUNOFF; LEACHING ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ADSORPTION; MOBILITY; MANURE; SLUDGE AB Soil organic matter is frequently associated with reduced herbicide mobility and phytotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lagoon effluent application on runoff and leaching losses of atrazine. Tilted beds, packed with Tifton soil and equipped with runoff and leachate collection funnels, were utilized. Lagoon effluent was applied at three rates, followed by atrazine and bromide application. Simulated rainfall (5 cm h-1) was applied for two hours, and runoff and leachate were collected. Increasing the rate of effluent application increased runoff flow rate and decreased leaching flow rate. The percentage of atrazine lost in runoff increased with effluent application rate, but the percentage lost to leaching decreased. Therefore, the total atrazine lost was not affected by effluent application rate. However, lagoon effluent application to land can increase the potential for atrazine runoff. Care must be taken to avoid atrazine contamination of surface waters from effluent amended land. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP DAVISCARTER, JG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1080/03601239309372812 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH820 UT WOS:A1993KH82000001 ER PT J AU WIDMER, SK OLSON, JM KOSKINEN, WC AF WIDMER, SK OLSON, JM KOSKINEN, WC TI KINETICS OF ATRAZINE HYDROLYSIS IN WATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE KINETICS; ATRAZINE; HYDROLYSIS; GROUNDWATER ID ACID AB This study determined the kinetics of decomposition of atrazine in well water and deionized water refrigerated (4-degrees-C) and at slightly above room temperature (30-degrees-C.) When water samples containing normal groundwater pHs and dissolved organic carbon levels were brought to a known concentration of atrazine (400 nmol L-1) and stored 19 weeks, no significant loss in atrazine concentration occurred. First-order rate constants ranged from -2.4 x 10(-3) to -3.7 x 10(-3) weeks-1. These results indicate that those quality assurance/quality control protocols that require holding times of less than 48 hours in the laboratory prior to extraction should be updated to allow flexibility dependent on the pesticide provided that the appropriate controls and documentation are in place. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN. RP WIDMER, SK (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DIV SCI & MATH,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1080/03601239309372813 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH820 UT WOS:A1993KH82000002 ER PT J AU DERUITER, J JACYNO, JM CUTLER, HG DAVIS, RA AF DERUITER, J JACYNO, JM CUTLER, HG DAVIS, RA TI STUDIES ON ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS FROM FUNGI .2. MONILIFORMIN AND SMALL RING ANALOGS SO JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION LA English DT Article DE ALDOSE REDUCTASE; MONILIFORMIN; CROCONIC ACID; INHIBITORS ID DERIVATIVES; MECHANISM; RAT AB The fungal metabolite moniliformin and several small ring analogues were evaluated for potential substrate and inhibitory activity in the rat lens aldose reductase (AR) assay. Even though all of these compounds possess carbonyl moieties and structural similarities to AR substrates, none were found to function as substrates over a concentration range of 1.0 mM to 10 mu M. All of the compounds did display inhibitory activity with IC(50)s ranging from 19-110 mu M. The most inhibitory compounds were the four-membered ring moniliformin (IC50 19 mu M), the five-membered analogue croconic acid (IC50 28 mu M) and six-membered derivative tetrahydroxy p-benzoquinone (IC50 23 mu M). Modification of moniliformin by methylation (methyl moniliformin) or hydroxylation (squaric acid) resulted in a significant decline in inhibitory activity. All of the compounds evaluated except moniliformin displayed uncompetitive, non-competitive or mixed-type kinetics relative to the substrate (glyceraldehyde) and cofactor (NADPH), kinetic profiles commonly observed for inhibitors of AR. C1 US ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP DERUITER, J (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACAL SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 8755-5093 J9 J ENZYM INHIB JI J. Enzym. Inhib. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.3109/14756369309040767 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MV869 UT WOS:A1993MV86900002 ER PT J AU AIKEN, GE BRANSBY, DI MCCALL, CA AF AIKEN, GE BRANSBY, DI MCCALL, CA TI GROWTH OF YEARLING HORSES COMPARED TO STEERS ON HIGH-ENDOPHYTE AND LOW-ENDOPHYTE INFECTED TALL FESCUE SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A grazing study was conducted to determine whether grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) will adversely affect the growth and development of horses. Average daily gain (ADG), change in wither height, and rectal temperature were measured for yearling horses grazing paddocks with either high- or low-endophyte infection levels (greater-than-or-less-than 75% or less-than-or-equal-to 25%). Yearling steers were grazed in paddocks of similar infection levels as a control group for comparing ADG and rectal temperature. Average daily gain for yearling horses on the high-infection level (.24 kg) was lower (P <.01) than for those on the low-infection level (.56 kg). Steer ADG was .23 and .69 kg for the high and low infection levels, and horse ADG was not different (P >. 10) from that of the steers for either the high or low infection levels. Change in wither height for horses, and rectal temperatures for both horses and cattle did not differ between the high- and low-infection levels. Results of this study indicated that weight gain by horses grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue can be reduced to a similar extent as that of cattle. RP AIKEN, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM E JONES DVM PI LAKE ELSINORE PA 20225 GRAND AVE, LAKE ELSINORE, CA 92330 SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0737-0806(07)80013-X PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LC598 UT WOS:A1993LC59800009 ER PT J AU WESTGATE, ME PETERSON, CM AF WESTGATE, ME PETERSON, CM TI FLOWER AND POD DEVELOPMENT IN WATER-DEFICIENT SOYBEANS (GLYCINE-MAX L MERR) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE FLOWER AND POD ABORTION; ABSCISSION; DROUGHT; POD SET; FLOWER WATER STATUS; GLYCINE-MAX L ID MAIZE PRIMARY ROOT; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; GROWTH; POTENTIALS; STRESS; SET; DEPOSITION; CULTIVARS; ANTHESIS; OVARIES AB Water deficits during flowering decrease the number of seed-bearing pods in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Failure to set pods may indicate an inherent sensitivity to low tissue water potential (PSI(w)) at critical stages of flower development. To test this, we measured the water status and pod set of flowers exposed to water deficits at various stages of development from bud to early ovary (pod) expansion. In well-watered (control) plants, the PSI(w) of buds, flowers, and pods were about 0.2 to 0.3 MPa lower than leaf PSI(w) at midday. The PSI(w) of the reproductive structures decreased in concert with leaf PSI(w) when water was withheld. Turgor, estimated from measurements of PSI(w) and PSI(s), was maintained at low PSI(w) by osmotic adjustment at all flower stages. Upon re-watering, PSI(w) of buds, anthesis-flowers, and expanding pods returned to control values within 1 d. The PSI(w) of pods that had just formed but were not 'set' recovered more slowly. Water deficits imposed when flowers reached anthesis, pod set, or early pod expansion decreased the percentage of flowers that initiated pod expansion and maintained pod development. Inhibition of development was most pronounced in the anthesis-stress treatment in which only one-third as many flowers at mid-raceme positions set pods, compared to controls. None of these pods developed beyond 20 mm in length. The results indicate that sensitivity of soybean flowers to low PSI(w) varies with raceme position and stage of flower development. Flowers in mid-raceme positions are particularly vulnerable to low PSI(w). Early ovary expansion is the critical stage in soybean reproductive development under drought conditions. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 44 IS 258 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1093/jxb/44.1.109 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KH174 UT WOS:A1993KH17400013 ER PT J AU JUNG, R SAALBACH, G NIELSEN, NC MUNTZ, K AF JUNG, R SAALBACH, G NIELSEN, NC MUNTZ, K TI SITE-SPECIFIC LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF LEGUMIN CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYL TRANSFERASE FUSIONS INVITRO AND IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE VICIA-FABA; 11S PROGLOBULIN; ASSEMBLY; PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING ID DEVELOPING PEA COTYLEDONS; DEVELOPING PUMPKIN COTYLEDONS; PROTEIN BODIES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; COATED VESICLES; EXPRESSION; TRANSPORT; STORAGE; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The 11S globulins are abundant storage proteins in the seeds of most spermatophytes. They are synthesized and assembled during a complex process that involves post-translational modification events and transport of precursors through several intracellular compartments. To study the assembly and processing events required for vacuolar targeting and deposition of these proteins, we have constructed gene fusions between prolegumin, the precursor of the 11S globulin from Vicia.faba L. var. minor, and a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter (CAT). Products from these constructions were expressed either in vitro or in transformed plants. Legumin subunits, as well as legumin polypeptides generated from the legumin-CAT fusions appeared in the 11 S fraction after sucrose gradient centrifugation of seed extracts. Although polypeptides related to the acidic chain were observed from legumin-CAT fusion genes, neither CAT reporter elements nor peptides similar to the basic chain were observed. A similar observation was obtained when legumin-CAT fusions were analysed in vitro. When prolegumin trimers were cleaved with the 11 S globulin maturation protease from soybeans, only acidic and basic polypeptides were observed. However, only those polypeptides related to the acidic chain were generated from legumin-CAT fusions products. These results support the hypothesis that the maturation protease not only controls the processing of trimeric proglobulins and their transition into hexamers, but also participates in the degradation of misfolded and mistargeted polypeptides. C1 INST PLANT GENET & CROP PLANT RES,O-4325 GATERSLEBEN,GERMANY. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 44 SU S BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KH510 UT WOS:A1993KH51000019 ER PT J AU PRESSEY, R AF PRESSEY, R TI CELL-WALL COMPOSITIONS AND ENZYMES OF POTATOES, JICAMAS AND CHINESE WATER CHESTNUTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Cell wall compositions and the levels of ten enzymes of potatoes, jicamas and Chinese water chestnuts were determined to explain the differences in thermal softening of these vegetables. Cell walls were prepared from the tissues by sieving of ethanolic homogenates to remove most of the starch and analyzed for neutral sugars and uronic acids. Jicamas and water chestnuts contain less galactose but more arabinose and glucuronic acid and much more xylose than potatoes. Water chestnuts contain less galacturonic acid than jicamas and potatoes and this was confirmed by extraction of pectin under various conditions. The results suggest that resistance to thermal softening may be related to cell wall polysaccharides rich in arabinose, glucuronic acid and xylose rather than to pectic polysaccharides. The major differences in enzyme compositions are much higher beta-amylase and exopolygalacturonase in jicamas and water chestnuts than in potatoes. Water chestnut exopolygalacturonase is unusually heat-stable, but the relationship of this enzyme or of beta-amylase to thermal softening is not clear. RP PRESSEY, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1993.tb00863.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA MA775 UT WOS:A1993MA77500002 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR EISELE, TA WAELTI, H AF DRAKE, SR EISELE, TA WAELTI, H TI CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF DELICIOUS APPLES IN HIGH AND VARIABLE CARBON-DIOXIDE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB Two strains of 'Delicious' apples were held in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at various carbon dioxide levels for nine months before removal and evaluation. Oxygen in all atmospheres was 1 %, and carbon dioxide levels were 1, 3, or 5 % with an additional carbon dioxide treatment that was increased every six weeks from 1 to 5 % over the storage period. Storage temperature for all treatments was 1 C. Little quality difference was noted for the 'Delicious' apples immediately after storage or after an eight day ripening period regardless of CO2 level in storage. Mean values for firmness, external and internal color, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and amount of scald did not differ between the apples from the different storage treatments. Total carbohydrates and fructose were higher in apples stored at CO2 levels above 1 %. Sensory panelists found no flavor differences in apple juice after long term CA storage regardless of CO2 stroage level. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1993.tb00838.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR801 UT WOS:A1993LR80100002 ER PT J AU GAST, RK AF GAST, RK TI RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS FROM INOCULATED POOLS OF EGG CONTENTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SHELL EGGS; INFECTED HENS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB To determine whether Salmonella enteritidis (SE) could be efficiently detected in pools of egg contents, eggs were inoculated with small numbers of SE and the contents of 10 or more eggs were mixed together. After these pools were incubated, samples were transferred to culture media for isolation and identification of SE. Incubation (at either 25 or 37-degrees-C) of inoculated egg pools for at least 4 d before culturing resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of recovery of SE. Following inoculation of 10-egg pools with approximately 50 CFU, SE was recovered from 11% of pools before incubation and from 94% of incubated pools. Following inoculation of 10-egg pools with approximately 5 CFU, SE was recovered from none of the pools before incubation and from up to 72% of the incubated pools. Increasing the size of the pools (from 10 to 30 eggs) did not significantly affect the frequency of isolation of SE, but reducing the sample volume transferred from incubated egg pools to culture media (from 20 to 2 ml) led to a significant decrease in SE recovery. At the lower (2 ml) transfer volume, the frequency of recovery of SE was not improved by nonselective preenrichment of samples. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 56 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KK749 UT WOS:A1993KK74900005 ER PT J AU BERRY, BW AF BERRY, BW TI FAT LEVEL AND FREEZING TEMPERATURE AFFECT SENSORY, SHEAR, COOKING AND COMPOSITIONAL PROPERTIES OF GROUND-BEEF PATTIES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROUND BEEF; LOW-FAT; FREEZING TEMPERATURE; SENSORY; COOKING ID FROZEN STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; CHOLESTEROL CONTENT; CALORIC VALUE; FORMULATION; QUALITY; PALATABILITY; TIME AB Experiments were conducted to determine effects of two targeted fat levels (6, 20%) and two freezing temperatures (-43, -20-degrees-C) on sensory, shear, cooking and compositional properties of beef patties. Select grade beef rounds (IMPS 161) were used as the lean source for patties with U.S. Choice plates as the fat source. The 20% fat formulation had increased beef flavor and initial tenderness (-20-degrees-C frozen patties only) scores, but had higher instrumental shear values compared to the 6% fat patties. Freezing patties (especially those of 6% fat) at -43-degrees-C greatly improved sensory and instrumental tenderness. Faster freezing reduced fat retention of 20% fat patties during cooking. Use of Select grade beef rounds coupled with rapid freezing is suggested for producing acceptable low-fat ground beef patties. RP BERRY, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 34 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03204.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KP934 UT WOS:A1993KP93400006 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, JW GATES, RA HALE, M JAHNCKE, M BABBITT, JK AF FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, JW GATES, RA HALE, M JAHNCKE, M BABBITT, JK TI ALASKA POLLOCK (THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA) MINCE AND SURIMI AS PARTIAL MEAT SUBSTITUTES IN FRANKFURTERS - N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE FORMATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NITROSAMINES; FISH; SURIMI; FRANKFURTERS; NITRITE; AMINES ID FISH; DIMETHYLAMINE; PRODUCTS; TRIMETHYLAMINE; NITROSAMINES; OXIDE AB Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of using 3 forms of Alaska pollock (AP) as a partial substitute for meat in a nitrite-cured product. The effect of several pre- and post-processing storage conditions on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were studied in frankfurters substituted with 15 and 50% unwashed and washed mince and surimi. In franks made with unwashed mince, frozen stored prior to processing, NDMA increased during frozen storage; little change was observed in franks containing washed mince and surimi. Refrigerated storage of franks generally showed a decrease in NDMA with all 3 forms of fish. Overall, the use of washed mince and surimi at the 15% substitution level gave mean values less than 2 ppb NDMA, even after boiling. The results indicate that 50% unwashed AP mince should not be used as a partial substitute for meat in frankfurters. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NMFS,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP FIDDLER, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 62 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03212.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KP934 UT WOS:A1993KP93400014 ER PT J AU LYON, BG ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI AF LYON, BG ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI TI SENSORY DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CV CRESTHAVEN PEACHES - MATURITY, RIPENING AND STORAGE EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PEACHES; SENSORY; DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS; RIPENING; COLD STORAGE ID QUALITY AB Peaches (cv. Cresthaven), at three maturity grades (IM-immature, TM-threshold mature, and MA-mature), were evaluated by a trained descriptive analysis panel before and after ripening at 20-degrees-C and 85% relative humidity (RH) and after storage at 0-degrees-C, followed by ripening. Variable Cluster Analysis indicated 4 clusters (CL) of attributes that explained > 70% of the variation in the data. CL-I (green, hardness, fracturability) distinguished IM and TM fruit at harvest. CL-II (peachy, sweet, fruity, juiciness) showed that IM ripened fruit did not attain a comparable intensity of these notes as did ripened TM or MA fruit. Intensity of flavor changes due to ripening and storage depended on maturity of fruit when it was harvested. RP LYON, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03238.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KP934 UT WOS:A1993KP93400041 ER PT J AU PYTEL, C AF PYTEL, C TI INCORPORATING OUR NATIONS DIVERSITY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP PYTEL, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KF234 UT WOS:A1993KF23400011 ER PT J AU BARTON, B WHALEY, R BURNS, AF SCHILDWACHTER, G MERIDITH, DP STEWART, FM AF BARTON, B WHALEY, R BURNS, AF SCHILDWACHTER, G MERIDITH, DP STEWART, FM TI FORESTRY - WHAT PATH TO THE FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Discussion C1 SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT FORESTRY,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. USDA,BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. SO FOREST PROD ASS,KENNER,LA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KF234 UT WOS:A1993KF23400013 ER PT J AU WILSON, LF AF WILSON, LF TI CHINA MASSON PINE FORESTS - CURE OR CURSE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP WILSON, LF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENTR FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KF234 UT WOS:A1993KF23400014 ER PT J AU OGAWA, R CALVERT, JG YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K AF OGAWA, R CALVERT, JG YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K TI INSERTIONAL INACTIVATION OF A FOWLPOX VIRUS HOMOLOG OF THE VACCINIA VIRUS-F12L GENE INHIBITS THE RELEASE OF ENVELOPED VIRIONS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GENE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PLAQUE-SIZE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; FUSION PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT; CHICKENS; VECTORS; PROMOTER AB Insertion of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene into a ClaI restriction enzyme site of a 5.7 kb HindIII fragment of the fowlpox virus (FPV) genome resulted in the generation of stable recombinants. These recombinants produced plaques that were significantly smaller than those produced by parental FPV or by FPV recombinants containing the lacZ gene at other non-essential sites. Insertion of foreign DNA into the ClaI site disrupts a previously unidentified open reading frame (ORF) which potentially encodes a 74K polypeptide. The predicted amino acid sequence of this FPV ORF has 24 % identity with the F12L ORF of vaccinia virus, the function of which is not currently known. Production of intracellular FPV was similar in cells infected with recombinant or parental viruses, but the number of infectious extracellular virions released into the medium by the recombinant was about 20 % of that released by the parental virus. Likewise, the release of FPV particles, which were labelled in vivo with [H-3]thymidine, was significantly lower in recombinant FPV-infected cells. These results suggest that the FPV homologue of the vaccinia virus F12L OR.F is involved in the envelopment or release of infectious extracellular virions. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NIPPON ZEON CO LTD,INST BIOL SCI,KAWASAKI 210,JAPAN. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 74 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-1-55 PN 1 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA KH927 UT WOS:A1993KH92700007 PM 8380837 ER PT J AU AUNG, LH FOUSE, DC BRANDL, DG HARRIS, CM AF AUNG, LH FOUSE, DC BRANDL, DG HARRIS, CM TI EFFECTS OF IMBIBITION AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES ON THE SOLUBLE SUGAR CONTENT OF SUPERSWEET SWEET CORN EMBRYO AND ENDOSPERM SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING VIGOR; CARBOHYDRATE; GERMINATION; MUTANTS AB The contents and compositional changes of soluble sugars in 'Supersweet Jubilee' sweet com kernels exposed to 0, 24, 48 and 72 h water imbibition and modified atmospheres were determined. In the unimbibed dry embryo, sucrose and raffinose constituted a major pool of soluble sugars. There were two to three times more sucrose and raffinose in the embryo than in the endosperm. With progressive duration of imbibition, these sugars decreased five to eight-fold in the embryo and two to eight-fold in the endosperm. Concurrently, the glucose of the imbibed embryo increased significantly and coincided with the time of radicle emergence. Fructose of embryo and endosperm remained relatively unchanged. Modified atmospheres having 4% oxygen or 10% carbon dioxide and normal atmosphere imposed on imbibing sweet corn kernels did not significantly alter the content and composition of soluble sugars, or firmness of the pericarp. However, over half the kernel soluble sugars content was leaked into the external medium during imbibition; with glucose, fructose and sorbitol being the major sugars leaked. The liberal leakage of soluble sugars from the sweet corn kernels during the first 72 h of imbibition may predispose planted supersweet sweet corn to microbial decay. RP AUNG, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KF751 UT WOS:A1993KF75100005 ER PT J AU RICE, CE KADAVY, KC AF RICE, CE KADAVY, KC TI PROTECTION AGAINST SCOUR AT SAF STILLING BASINS SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Note RP RICE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1993 VL 119 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:1(133) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA KE668 UT WOS:A1993KE66800010 ER PT J AU STEIN, OR ALONSO, CV JULIEN, PY AF STEIN, OR ALONSO, CV JULIEN, PY TI MECHANICS OF JET SCOUR DOWNSTREAM OF A HEADCUT SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EROSION; OVERFALL AB Scour immediately downstream of a headcut is analyzed by considering the effect of jet diffusion on sediment detachment. The analytical development results in equations for: 1. the equilibrium scour depth; 2. the rate of scour hole development. These equations are applicable for a variety of jet configurations and any bed material including cohesive soils. The equations are tested in laboratory simulated headcuts on bed materials consisting of two non-cohesive uniform sands and one cohesive natural soil. The agreement between measured and predicted rates of scour depth increase shows that scour does not increase as a semi-logarithmic function of time. The rate of scour depth increase is very rapid for depths less than 95% of the equilibrium scour depth. Graphical solutions for the rate of scour depth increase are in agreement with the experimental measurements. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,HYDROECOSYST RES GRP,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP STEIN, OR (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & AGR ENGN,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 35 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 16 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI DELFT PA PO BOX 177, 2600 DELFT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 723 EP 738 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MQ054 UT WOS:A1993MQ05400001 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, CW DAVID, MJ WHITE, KE MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT AF HEDBERG, CW DAVID, MJ WHITE, KE MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT TI ROLE OF EGG CONSUMPTION IN SPORADIC SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS AND SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM INFECTIONS IN MINNESOTA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4; HENS EGGS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB The incidence of Salmonella enteritidis infections has increased in the eastern United States, and consumption of undercooked eggs has been associated with outbreaks of S. enteritidis. In Minnesota, the incidence of S. enteritidis infections doubled from 1980 to 1990; however, no egg-associated outbreaks were identified. A case-control study was conducted to examine potential exposures for S. enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium infections in Minnesota adults. Sporadic cases of S. enteritidis (odds ratio [OR], 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-14.2; P = .003) and S. typhimurium infection (OR, 2.4; CI, 1.1-5.5; P = .03) were more likely to have consumed undercooked eggs or egg-containing foods during the 3 days before onset of illness compared to a similar reference period for controls. In addition, the extent to which eggs were cooked was directly associated with illness (chi2 test for trend, P < .001). These findings demonstrate that eggs are important vehicles for S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, even in the absence of recognized outbreaks. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP HEDBERG, CW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 SE DELAWARE ST,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 16 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KE846 UT WOS:A1993KE84600016 PM 8418156 ER PT J AU BERRY, GT PALMIERI, M GROSS, KC ACOSTA, PB HENSTENBURG, JA MAZUR, A REYNOLDS, R SEGAL, S AF BERRY, GT PALMIERI, M GROSS, KC ACOSTA, PB HENSTENBURG, JA MAZUR, A REYNOLDS, R SEGAL, S TI THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ON URINARY GALACTITOL EXCRETION IN GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GALACTOSEMIA; ACCUMULATION AB Even on a lactose-restricted diet, urinary galactitol excretion and erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate levels are persistently elevated in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. In order to determine the contribution of galactose in dietary fruits and vegetables to this phenomenon, (1) the content of galactose in a lactose-free diet was directly measured when a galactosaemic patient's diet was specifically enriched in those fruits and vegetables which contain relatively large amounts of free galactose and (2) galactitol excretion was determined during ingestion of this diet for 3 weeks and while on a synthetic diet for 1 week that provided < 8 mg galactose/day. For comparison the effect of a 3-week supplementation of 200 mg galactose/day was determined. The measured intake in total foodstuffs matched the theoretical content of galactose in the patient's diet based on amounts in fruits and vegetables alone, thus supporting the concept that fruits and vegetables are primarily responsible for galactose intake in a lactose-free diet. All of the dietary manipulations, however, had relatively little effect on metabolite levels, suggesting that endogenous galactose production is primarily responsible for the elevated levels of galactose metabolites routinely detected in patients on lactose-restricted diets. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV INST,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ROSS LABS,COLUMBUS,OH 43215. RP BERRY, GT (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,DIV BIOCHEM DEV & MOLEC DIS,34TH ST & CIV CTR BLVD,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. OI Berry, Gerard/0000-0001-5299-3313 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-42785] NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF00711320 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA KV108 UT WOS:A1993KV10800012 PM 8487507 ER PT J AU WATSON, DW MULLENS, BA PETERSEN, JJ AF WATSON, DW MULLENS, BA PETERSEN, JJ TI BEHAVIORAL FEVER RESPONSE OF MUSCA-DOMESTICA (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) TO INFECTION BY ENTOMOPHTHORA-MUSCAE (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOUSE FLY; MYCOSIS; BEHAVIORAL FEVER; HEAT THERAPY ID PROSTAGLANDIN-E1; TEMPERATURE; FLY C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 8 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1003 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KG636 UT WOS:A1993KG63600003 ER PT J AU GOETTEL, MS VANDENBERG, JD DUKE, GM SCHAALJE, GB AF GOETTEL, MS VANDENBERG, JD DUKE, GM SCHAALJE, GB TI SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHALKBROOD OF ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEES, MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA, REARED ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PROVISIONS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; CHALKBROOD; LEAFCUTTER BEE; BIOASSAY; DIET EFFECTS ID HYMENOPTERA; FUNGICIDES C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP GOETTEL, MS (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,POB 3000,LETHBRIDGE T1J 4B1,ALBERTA,CANADA. RI Van den Berg, Johnnie/M-7256-2013 OI Van den Berg, Johnnie/0000-0002-6831-3180 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1010 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KG636 UT WOS:A1993KG63600010 ER PT J AU GARCIA, JJ HAZARD, EI FUKUDA, T AF GARCIA, JJ HAZARD, EI FUKUDA, T TI LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARATHELOHANIA-ANOPHELIS (MICROSPORA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE) IN FEMALE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; PARATHELOHANIA-ANOPHELIS; MOSQUITO; MICROSPORA; MEROGONY; SPOROGONY; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID CULTURED-CELL; LIFE-CYCLE; MOSQUITO; SPORES; NOSEMA C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1015 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KG636 UT WOS:A1993KG63600015 ER PT J AU SANCHEZPENA, SR BUSCHINGER, A HUMBER, RA AF SANCHEZPENA, SR BUSCHINGER, A HUMBER, RA TI MYRMICINOSPORIDIUM-DURUM, AN ENIGMATIC FUNGAL PARASITE OF ANTS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUNGUS; MYRMICINOSPORIDIUM-DURUM; ANT; FORMICIDAE; LEPTOTHORAX-UNIFASCIATUS; POGONOMYRMEX-BARBATUS; PARASITE; CHRONIC DISEASE; HEMOCOEL; SPORULATION; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; CHYTRIDIOMYCETES ID CLASSIFICATION; FORMICIDAE C1 TH DARMSTADT,INST ZOOL,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT ARGON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1016 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KG636 UT WOS:A1993KG63600016 ER PT J AU GILLIAM, M LORENZ, BJ PREST, DB CAMAZINE, S AF GILLIAM, M LORENZ, BJ PREST, DB CAMAZINE, S TI ASCOSPHAERA-APIS FROM APIS-CERANA FROM SOUTH-KOREA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; APIS-CERANA; CHALKBROOD; MATING TESTS; ENZYMOLOGY C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GILLIAM, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1021 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KG636 UT WOS:A1993KG63600021 ER PT J AU LOPES, VL SHIRLEY, ED AF LOPES, VL SHIRLEY, ED TI COMPUTATION OF FLOW TRANSITIONS IN OPEN CHANNELS WITH STEADY UNIFORM LATERAL INFLOW SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A numerical procedure is developed for quickly and accurately finding the location and flow depth of a flow transition (critical control section) in open channels with discharge gradually varying along the channel length. General equations are presented for trapezoidal, triangular, and rectangular cross sections. A numerical analysis of the procedure shows that the geometry of the channel cross section is an important factor determining the existence of a unique solution to the flow-transition problem in open channel flow. A procedure is described to decide if solutions exist and, if they do, to compute them and select an acceptable solution as the starting point for water-surface profile calculations. Test runs on a computer are performed to verify the speed and accuracy of the proposed procedure. Examples involving the finding of location of flow transitions in open channels are used to illustrate the usefulness of the procedure. The findings from this study are beneficial to hydraulic engineers solving problems related to the design of lateral spillway channels and gutters for conveying stormwater runoff; to hydrologists using spatially varied flow equations to describe flow processes in natural channels; and to the enhancement of algorithms for spatially varied flow computations in hydrologic simulation models such as the CREAMS field-scale model and the WEPP watershed model. C1 USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP LOPES, VL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOUR,325 BIO SCI E,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 119 IS 1 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:1(187) PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA KK454 UT WOS:A1993KK45400014 ER PT J AU EWERT, AW AF EWERT, AW TI THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE - INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP EWERT, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA KK457 UT WOS:A1993KK45700001 ER PT J AU CARR, DS WILLIAMS, DR AF CARR, DS WILLIAMS, DR TI UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY IN OUTDOOR RECREATION EXPERIENCES SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HISPANIC RECREATION; ETHNICITY; ACCULTURATION ID MEXICAN-AMERICANS AB Outdoor recreation on national forests near large urban centers is changing and diversifying as users of many ethnic and racial backgrounds increasingly choose urban-proximate forests as recreation sites. These changes are particularly evident on the national forests of Southern California where relatively undeveloped riparian sites are popular among individuals of Hispanic descent for picnicking, barbecuing, and wading/swimming in small streams. Previous studies of outdoor recreation participation have mostly treated ethnic group membership as a unidimensional, categorical variable. This study examines the influences of ancestral, generational, and acculturational differences on meanings and preferences related to outdoor recreation experiences and forest use. Data come from an on-site survey of visitors to four recreation sites of varying ethnic composition. Results suggest that two of the study sites are used primarily by less acculturated Hispanic immigrants. The other two sites are used by larger numbers of Anglos and Hispanics with longer generational tenure and higher acculturation scores. Both Anglos and Hispanics with longer generational tenure and higher levels of acculturation are more likely to visit with friends and less with extended family, to indicate escaping the city as the primary reason for their visit, and to define ''respecting the forest'' in terms of specific behavioral norms compared to Hispanics of Central American ancestry and less acculturated Hispanics of Mexican ancestry. The importance of understanding the structural context within which individuals exist is discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,FIERR STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP CARR, DS (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 20 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 22 EP 38 PG 17 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA KK457 UT WOS:A1993KK45700003 ER PT J AU BALTIC, T AF BALTIC, T TI EARTH IN THE BALANCE - ECOLOGY AND THE HUMAN SPIRIT - GORE,A SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review RP BALTIC, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 218 EP 220 PG 3 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA KX570 UT WOS:A1993KX57000007 ER PT J AU MORE, TA AF MORE, TA TI THE JOYLESS ECONOMY - THE PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN SATISFACTION - SCITOVSKY,T SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review RP MORE, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,BURLINGTON,VT 05401, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA LU979 UT WOS:A1993LU97900009 ER PT J AU EWERT, A AF EWERT, A TI DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF MOTIVE IMPORTANCE BASED ON TRIP OUTCOME, EXPERIENCE LEVEL AND GROUP TYPE SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MOTIVATION; MOUNTAINEERING; RISK RECREATION; TRIP OUTCOME ID PAST-EXPERIENCE; RECREATION; LEISURE AB This study investigated whether there are differences in the levels of motive importance based on trip success and group membership. Success was defined as reaching the summit of Mt. McKinley. Group type was categorized into guided, independent, or solo climbers. Data were analyzed on individual motives. In addition, a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation generated five factors that were then used as an organizing frame-work for further analyses. Levels of motive importance on both the factors and individual items were compared on outcome, experience-level and group type. Relative to trip outcome, significant differences in motive importance were observed on 20 of 31 items and three of the five factors. Climbers reporting failure indicated higher levels of importance for disengagement, photography, wilderness and scenery. Using group type, two factors (Exhilaration/Excitement and Social Aspects) and 10 items generated significant differences. Individuals from guided groups reported higher levels of motive importance than solo climbers. The exception to this pattern was for the Catharsis/Escape factor, where solo climbers generally reported higher values. It was argued that the data provide partial support for a ''motivational matching'' concept. RP EWERT, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, 14TH & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSOC PI ASHBURN PA 22377 BELMONT RIDGE RD, ASHBURN, VA 20148-4501 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 335 EP 349 PG 15 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA MH782 UT WOS:A1993MH78200002 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE STABEL, JR STEVENS, MG THURSTON, JR DALEY, M AF KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE STABEL, JR STEVENS, MG THURSTON, JR DALEY, M TI EFFECTS OF RECOMBINANT BOVINE GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE-COLONY STIMULATORY FACTOR ADMINISTRATION ON THE BOVINE IMMUNE-SYSTEM AND RESISTANCE TO INTRAMAMMARY CHALLENGE WITH ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. AMER CYANAMID CO,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1993 SU S BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA ME185 UT WOS:A1993ME18500164 ER PT J AU BURTON, JL KEHRLI, ME HORST, RL AF BURTON, JL KEHRLI, ME HORST, RL TI REGULATION OF CD18 AND L-SELECTIN ON BOVINE NEUTROPHILS BY CORTICOSTEROID HORMONES - EFFECTS OF CORTISOL AND DEXAMETHASONE SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1993 SU S BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA ME185 UT WOS:A1993ME18500558 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME AF KEHRLI, ME TI LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY IN DOMESTIC-ANIMALS SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1993 SU S BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA ME185 UT WOS:A1993ME18500603 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP BEATTIE, JH SELF, R AF RICHARDS, MP BEATTIE, JH SELF, R TI APPLICATION OF CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS TO THE SEPARATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD ANNUAL FREDERICK CONF ON CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS CY OCT 20-21, 1992 CL FREDERICK, MD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GENES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES AB Metallothioneins (MTs) from various eukaryotic species were subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) performed under the following conditions: Capillary: untreated polyimide-clad fused silica 75 mum I.D. x 94 cm; Loading and Running Voltage: 30 kV; Electrode Buffer: 50 mM Tris-HCI pH 9.1; Sample Buffer: 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 9.1; Sample Volume: 250 mul; Detection: UV absorbance at 214 nm; Loading Method: electrokinetic migration; Loading Times: 1-6 seconds. Complete separation of MT-1 and MT-2 isoforms was achieved in less than 6 min. Using a rabbit liver Cd,Zn-MT standard (0.5 mg/ml), a linear relationship was found to exist between the voltage used to load the MT sample and the integrated peak area of the individual MT isoforms. Similarly, the integrated peak area of the separated MT isoforms was a linear function of the time used to load the sample. These findings suggest that with appropriate standardization CZE is capable of both qualitative and quantitative determinations of MT isoforms. In CZE, the concentration of MT in solution determines the limit of sensitivity. MT could be accurately detected at a concentration as low as 10 mug/ml. CZE was applied to assess thermal and proteolytic degradation of rabbit liver MT. CZE represents a rapid analytical technique for the characterization of MT isoforms that requires very little sample yet provides excellent resolution of individual MT isoforms. C1 ROWETT RES INST,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 9-10 BP 2113 EP 2128 DI 10.1080/10826079308019919 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LD281 UT WOS:A1993LD28100018 ER PT J AU KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM AF KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM TI RAPID ISOCRATIC REVERSED-PHASE HPLC OF TAXANES ON NEW COLUMNS DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR TAXOL ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TAXUS-BREVIFOLIA; SEPARATION; BARK AB We describe a new HPLC method for detection of taxanes from crude extracts, using new specialty columns developed for HPLC analysis. Taxol [1] and cephalomannine [2] were separated in 13 minutes using an isocratic elution. Additionally, there is baseline separation between cephalomannine [2], 7-epi-10-deacetyl-taxol [3], and taxol [1]. Elution of 7-epi-taxol [4] occurs in 20 minutes. We compared chromatography of taxanes on specialty, C18, and phenyl columns. This isocratic HPLC method permits rapid analysis of large numbers of crude extracts, with excellent resolution of taxanes, enabling the detection of 7-epitaxol [4] in 20 minutes. RP KETCHUM, REB (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14882, USA. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2519 EP 2530 DI 10.1080/10826079308019589 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LN477 UT WOS:A1993LN47700006 ER PT J AU WHITE, CR MOATS, WA KOTULA, KL AF WHITE, CR MOATS, WA KOTULA, KL TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OXYTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ANIMAL-TISSUES; THIN-LAYER; URINE; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; PLASMA; IMPROVEMENT; SERUM AB This work reviewed all the past HPLC methods utilized for the detection of tetracyclines and created a model to study the most promising ones. Three general mobile phases were investigated. They included Mobile Phase I (0.05 M buffer (A)-acetonitrile (B) programmed from 85A:15B to 40A:60B), Mobile Phase II (0.05 M buffer (A)-acetonitrile (B)-methanol (C) programmed from 80A:OB:20C to 30A:50B:20C), and Mobile Phase III (0.05 M buffer (A)-acetonitrile (B)-dimethylformamide (C) programmed from 80A:OB:20C to 30A:50B:20C). Buffers made from citrate, oxalate, and phosphate, each prepared at pH 2.0, 4.5, and 7.0, were used with each mobile phase. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 0.005 M was added to the pH 4.5 and pH 7.0 buffers (it would not dissolve in pH 2.0 buffers). Tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA) was also added at 0.01 M to all of the buffers at each pH. The columns chosen for this study were a C18 bonded to silica (Supelco LC-18), a ''deactivated'' C18 bonded column (Supelco LC-18-DB), and a polymeric styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer column (Polymer Laboratories PLRP-S). The columns and mobile phases were evaluated using a mixed standard of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline. Comparisons were based on peak shape, separations, and comparative recoveries (integrated areas) of standards. The polymeric column was markedly superior in all respects. Generally optimum results were obtained with Mobile Phase I in pH 2.0 buffers. The oxalate buffer was best with the bonded columns while little difference was noted with the polymeric column. TMA markedly improved peak shape on the bonded columns. EDTA was of little benefit. Recoveries, especially of chlortetracycline, were higher from the polymeric column. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEWARK,DE 19701. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 13 BP 2873 EP 2890 DI 10.1080/10826079308019620 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LV622 UT WOS:A1993LV62200015 ER PT J AU GLASS, RL JOHNSON, EL AF GLASS, RL JOHNSON, EL TI COMPARISON OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF COCAINE IN COCA LEAVES SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ALKALOIDS AB A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method are compared for the quantitative analysis of cocaine in Erythroxylum coca leaves. Cocaine was extracted by refluxing air-dried coca leaves (0.05-4.0 g) with 95% ethanol (30-100 mL) for 15 min. Aliquots of the crude ethanolic leaf extracts were removed for analysis while the remaining portions of the extracts were taken through a cleanup procedure. The mean cocaine contents determined by HPLC and GC methods in six replicated crude leaf (1.0 g) extracts were 0.56% and 0.54%, respectively. However, the cocaine contents in the cleanup extracts were 0.43% (HPLC) and 0.42% (GC). GC analysis gave better resolution of cocaine and related alkaloids, but HPLC analysis of cocaine was simpler and faster. RP GLASS, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 16 BP 3543 EP 3555 DI 10.1080/10826079308019707 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MA251 UT WOS:A1993MA25100014 ER PT J AU ANGLE, J AF ANGLE, J TI DERIVING THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONAL WEALTH FROM THE RICH GET RICHER, THE POOR GET POORER SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PERSONAL WEALTH DISTRIBUTION; STOCHASTIC PROCESS; INTERACTING PARTICLE SYSTEM; GAMMA-PDF; NEGATIVE BINOMIAL PF; SURPLUS THEORY OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ID INCOME-DISTRIBUTION AB The folk saying, ''the rich get richer, the poor get poorer'', implies that wealth flows from poorer to richer hands, a concentrating diffusion. Its academic statement is the Surplus Theory of Social Stratification. Angle (1986) abstracted this theory as an interacting particle system model of wealth distribution, the Inequality Process. In it, random pairs continually compete for each other's wealth. The richer party has a greater chance of winning. The loser gives up a proportion of wealth. Angle (1986) found the equilibrium distribution of the Inequality Process numerically. This paper derives this distribution algebraically, showing that the Inequality Process implies that personal wealth is distributed as a mixture of negative binomial probability functions (NB pf's). The NB pf is closely related to the two parameter gamma probability density function (pdf), what Angle (1986) fitted to the equilibrium distribution of the process. The solution is given in terms of the parameters of the Inequality Process. Making wealth less fugitive by putting it into the form of human capital has the same effect on the shape of the wealth distribution as reducing the advantage of being richer in an encounter. RP ANGLE, J (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0022-250X J9 J MATH SOCIOL JI J. Math. Sociol. PY 1993 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 46 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA LY137 UT WOS:A1993LY13700002 ER PT J AU VAKILI, NG AF VAKILI, NG TI EXOPHIALA-JEANSELMEI, A PATHOGEN OF EARTHWORM SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BLACK YEASTS; FUNGI AB Exophiala jeanselmei, an opportunistic human pathogen causing phaeohyphomycosis, was isolated from a naturally infected late embryonic stage of the earthworm Octolasian tyrtaeum, and from the cocoon albumen of Eisenia foetida. Application of E. jeanselmei to cocoons of six earthworm species resulted in infection of albumen and re-isolation of the fungus. This is the first report of this dematiaceous hyphomycete as a pathogen of Annelida, which are widespread in distribution. RP VAKILI, NG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LV660 UT WOS:A1993LV66000009 ER PT J AU POUND, JM HILBURN, LR GEORGE, JE AF POUND, JM HILBURN, LR GEORGE, JE TI IMPLICATIONS OF SELECTION AND HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES ON THE MODE OF INHERITANCE OF PHOTOPERIODICALLY INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL DIAPAUSE IN LABORATORY STRAINS OF THE LONE STAR TICK (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; GENETICS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI AB Selection of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), that were reared in the laboratory under short-day photoperiods of 10:14 (L:D) h resulted in third generation (F3) diapause versus F3 nondiapause strain replete nymphs having significantly different mean molting times (days from detachment to ecdysis) of 100.9 versus 54.7 d, respectively; whereas, the F7 unselected laboratory control strain had an even smaller, significantly different mean molting time of 49.5 d. Two hybrid crosses of F2 nondiapause male with F2 diapause female ticks and F2 nondiapause female with F2 diapause male ticks yielded intermediate replete nymphal mean molting times of 62.0 and 68.9 d, respectively. All strains retained the ability to develop rapidly under long-day photoperiodic conditions of 14:10 (L:D) h, although F3 nondiapause strain ticks also exhibited reduced fitness, especially when exposed to the long-day stimuli. Analyses of molting times used as phenotypic values indicate that this diapause trait is incompletely dominant, and these and other observations indicate that inheritance of photoperiodically induced prolonged replete nymphal molting times is polygenic in this species. RP POUND, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,SO PLAINS AREA,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA KJ315 UT WOS:A1993KJ31500013 PM 8433316 ER PT J AU RAICH, TJ ARCHER, JL ROBERTSON, MA TABACHNICK, WJ BEATY, BJ AF RAICH, TJ ARCHER, JL ROBERTSON, MA TABACHNICK, WJ BEATY, BJ TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION APPROACHES TO CULICOIDES (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) IDENTIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR TAXONOMY; PCR; CULICOIDES ID PRIMERS; PCR AB Molecular genetic approaches such as polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of target genomic sequences are finding wide application in systematic and taxonomic studies of arthropods. PCR-based techniques that preclude the need for target DNA sequence information of the species of interest facilitate molecular taxonomic studies. Two such techniques, tDNA-PCR (DNA encoding tRNAs is the analyte) and RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) were investigated for their ability to differentiate certain North American Culicoides spp. larvae and adults. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP RAICH, TJ (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 228 EP 232 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA KJ315 UT WOS:A1993KJ31500029 PM 8433330 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, A NELSON, S AF KRASZEWSKI, A NELSON, S TI MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITY OF PECAN NUTS SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; LOSS FACTOR; PECAN NUTS; MOISTURE CONTENT; RESONANT CAVITY AB A rectangular-waveguide (WR-650) resonant cavity, operating in five TE10n modes (n = 3,5,7,9, and 11) at frequencies between 1 and 2 GHz, was used for pecan permittivity measurements. Nearly spherical pecans with an ellipsoid axes dimension ratio of 1.07 to 1.22 were measured Their permittivities were calculated using accurate expressions for a sphere and applying a shape correction procedure to provide pecan permittivity values for various moisture contents at 23 and 40-degrees-C RP KRASZEWSKI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA MH948 UT WOS:A1993MH94800006 ER PT J AU BHATHENA, SJ BERLIN, E JUDD, JT LAW, JS CASTRO, JS BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R NAIR, PP AF BHATHENA, SJ BERLIN, E JUDD, JT LAW, JS CASTRO, JS BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R NAIR, PP TI PLASMA OPIOID-PEPTIDES AND ACTH RESPONSES TO FISH OIL AND VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION IN MALE-SUBJECTS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE FISH OIL FEEDING; OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS; VITAMIN-E; BETA-ENDORPHIN; ENKEPHALINS; ACTH ID REGIONAL BLOOD-FLOW; BETA-ENDORPHIN; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FATTY-ACIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; LIPOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; INSULIN; RAT; ENKEPHALINS AB Fish oils, high in omega-3 fatty acids, affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism partly through their effects on the levels of hormones involved in their metabolism. Recently, a role for opiates in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism has been reported. It is possible that some of the effects of fish oils on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may be, in part, mediated through changes in opiates. We therefore studied the effects of fish od and fish oil plus vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, on plasma opiates and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in normal subjects. Forty healthy men consumed diets providing 40% of energy from fat and a minimum of 25 mg vitamin E for 28 weeks. During the first 10 weeks, diets were supplemented with placebo, 15 g mixed fat/day. During the second 10 weeks, placebo was replaced by 15 g/day of fish oil concentrate. During the last 8 weeks, 200 U/day of vitamin E was added to fish oil. Plasma opioid peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay after eluting from C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. Fish oil feeding significantly decreased plasma beta-endorphin compared with placebo, but had no significant effects on plasma ACTH, met-, and leu-enkephalins. Fish oil plus vitamin E appeared to further decrease beta-endorphin and significantly increased both enkephalins. Thus, it is possible that in addition to hormonal changes, alterations in opiate tone may also partly explain the effect of fish oil and vitamin E on plasma glucose, triglyceride, and other metabolic and physiologic processes. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BHATHENA, SJ (reprint author), USDA,BHNRC,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307 E,ROOM 311,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90019-S PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF875 UT WOS:A1993KF87500007 ER PT J AU CHEN, TC PERSONS, K USKOKOVIC, MR HORST, RL HOLICK, MF AF CHEN, TC PERSONS, K USKOKOVIC, MR HORST, RL HOLICK, MF TI AN EVALUATION OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 ANALOGS ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES, CALCIUM-METABOLISM AND THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN HL-60 CELLS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; PROLIFERATION; DIFFERENTIATION; KERATINOCYTE; CALCIUM; HL-60 ID VITAMIN-D ANALOG; HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; CALCIPOTRIOL MC-903; TOPICAL APPLICATION; RECEPTORS; PSORIASIS; SKIN; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; TRANSPORT; BINDING AB Synthetic analogues of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) were examined for their biological activities in four assay systems: (a) inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of terminal differentiation in cultured normal human keratinocytes, (b) intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium mobilization in vitamin D-deficient rats, (c) competitive binding to the rat intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor, and (d) induction of differentiation of human HL-60 leukemia cells. Six analogues were found to have minimal activity in enhancing intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium mobilization while retaining al least the same activity as 1,25(OH)2D3 in inhibiting proliferation and inducing terminal differentiation of cultured keratinocytes. Evidence suggests that it may be possible to dissociate antiproliferative activity from differentiation-inducing activity and calcium metabolism by specific modifications of the 1,25(OH)2D3 molecule. The uncoupling of these activities could potentially create an ideal analogue to treat psoriasis that should have potent antiproliferative activity with minimum effects on differentiation and on calcium metabolism. C1 HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP CHEN, TC (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,VITAMIN D SKIN & BONE RES LAB,M1013,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90020-W PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF875 UT WOS:A1993KF87500008 ER PT J AU TANG, G DOLNIKOWSKI, GG BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM AF TANG, G DOLNIKOWSKI, GG BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM TI SERUM CAROTENOIDS AND RETINOIDS IN FERRETS FED CANTHAXANTHIN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; CANTHAXANTHIN; RETINOIDS; FERRET; HUMAN; HPLC METHOD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; INDIVIDUAL CAROTENOIDS; INTERNAL STANDARD; RETINYL ESTERS; HUMAN-PLASMA; RETINOPATHY; PROTECTION; TOCOPHEROL AB A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed to analyze canthaxanthin (CX) with other carotenoids and retinoids in serum. Serum (100 muL) was extracted first with chloroform/methanol and then with hexane, using retinyl acetate and gamma-carotene as the internal standards. The residue of the extract was resuspended into ethanol and injected onto an 8.3 x 0.46 cm 3-mum ODS column. The gradient system consisted of two solvents of acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/water with different ratios. The carotenoids and retinoids were measured at 450 nm and 340 nm, respectively. CX was detected in the serum of the ferrets fed CX (79% all-trans and 21 % cis isomer, 50 mg/kg bodyweight by gavage for 1 month), but was not detected in the control group. The existence of CX in the serum was confirmed by its UV/visible absorption spectrum and by its negative chemical ionization/mass spectrum with an M- ion at m/z 564. The serum level of all-trans CX in the experimental ferrets was 33.34 +/- 3.33 nmol/L (n = 13) and that of cis CX was 72.48 +/- 7.64 nmol/L (n = 13). There was no difference between the CX-fed group and the control group in the serum levels of retinol, retinyl esters, lutein, cryptoxanthin, or beta-carotene. Retinyl esters in ferret serum represent 93% of total vitamin A level, which is more than 10 times higher than the vitamin A level in human blood. High retinyl esters level in the circulation of the ferret is a general phenomenon in carnivores. C1 MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP TANG, G (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90021-N PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF875 UT WOS:A1993KF87500009 ER PT J AU BARSZCZAK, Z BARSZCZAK, T FOY, CD AF BARSZCZAK, Z BARSZCZAK, T FOY, CD TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE, NITROGEN RATES, AND SOIL ACIDITY ON SEED YIELD AND CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Seven cultivars and strains of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were tested for tolerance to drought and soil acidity and for response to nitrogen fertilization. Plants were grown in ceramic cylinders (with no bottoms) buried to ground level at a field site in Poland. Cylinders contained a gray brown podzolic soil having a medium sandy texture and variable pH due to history of fertilization. Periodic drought (from early budding to late flowering) was imposed by covering the field plots with polythene film. Rainfall excluded by the film was compensated by watering the non-stressed plants. Based on seed yields, rape cultivars and strains differed significantly in tolerance to drought. 'Jet Neuf' was most tolerant and 'Bolko' least tolerant. Cultivars also differed significantly in response to N fertilization, with Bolko being the most responsive cultivar tested. Rapeseed yields were generally reduced by 20% at a soil pH of 4.2, compared with pH 6.2 (determined in 1M KCl), but cultivars did not differ significantly in acid soil tolerance. Specific yield-limiting factors in the acid soil were not identified, but a mild Al toxicity was suspected. A higher level of acid soil (Al) toxicity will be needed to study Al x drought x rape genotype interactions. Reductions in soil moisture or pH levels did not significantly affect the fat and protein contents of rapeseed. Variations in fat and protein contents observed were due largely to cultivar differences. Jet Neuf tended to have the highest protein and the lowest fat content. 'Jantar' was the highest in fat content and one of the lowest in protein content. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BARSZCZAK, Z (reprint author), WARSAW UNIV AGR,DEPT AGR CHEM,RAKOWIECKA 26-30,PL-02528 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1080/01904169309364516 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE159 UT WOS:A1993KE15900006 ER PT J AU FOY, CD DUNCAN, RR WASKOM, RM MILLER, DR AF FOY, CD DUNCAN, RR WASKOM, RM MILLER, DR TI TOLERANCE OF SORGHUM GENOTYPES TO AN ACID, ALUMINUM TOXIC TATUM SUBSOIL SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM POPULATION; RAPID EVALUATION; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; STRESS; NITRATE; SOILS; PH AB Aluminum (Al) tolerant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes are needed for use on strongly acidic, infertile soils of the tropics and subtropics, where the crop is often grown in a low input, subsistence type of agriculture. Eleven genotypes were first screened for Al tolerance in greenhouse pots of acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil (clayey, mixed, thermic, Typic Hapludult) at pH 4.3 and 5.3. In two subseguent experiments, four genotypes showing wide differences in acid soil tolerance in the first test were grown over pH ranges of 4.3 to 6.4 and 4.7 to 7.0. Acid soil tolerance was determined by absolute dry shoot and root weights at low pH and relative (low pH/high pH %) shoot arid root weights. Genotypes differed by as much as 10 fold in relative shoot weight and 8 fold in relative root weight. Genotypic tolerances to acid, Al toxic Tatum subsoil were in good agreement with those obtained on acid field sites in Georgia and Brazil. Hence, results indicated that Al toxicity is a major selection pressure factor in sorghum breeding programs of both regions. SC283 and SC574, originating in Tanzania and Pakistan, respectively, were most tolerant to the acid Tatum subsoil. RTx430 and RTAM42S, both from Texas, were among the least tolerant. Other sensitive genotypes included RTx2536, SC214, SC170, SC369, and SC599. A tissue culture derivative of the acid soil sensitive RTx430 genotype [RTx430 (TC)], showing tolerance to drought/salinity in Arizona and acid soil in Georgia, was significantly more tolerant to the acid soil than the RTx430 parent. The acid soil tolerance of this genotype also exceeded that of SC574 and approached that of the most tolerant genotype SC283. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT HORT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 97 EP 127 DI 10.1080/01904169309364517 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE159 UT WOS:A1993KE15900007 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC CAMPBELL, TA WRIGHT, RJ AF BALIGAR, VC CAMPBELL, TA WRIGHT, RJ TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF ALFALFA CLONES TO ALUMINUM-TOXIC ACID SOIL SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY RATIOS; MINERAL UPTAKE; GROWTH; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; STRESS; YIELD; LIME AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones were selected by growing synthetic populations of AT-4, B 13-ALA, AS-4, and Williamsburg in Tatum soil (pH 4.5) and solution culture (pH 4.5, 111 mumol Al/L). Two-month- old clones were grown in a controlled growth room (28-degrees-C, 60% RH, 530 mumol/m2/s light for 14 h) at three levels of soil Al saturation (59%, 38%, and 0.3%) in a Porters soil (Umbrlc Dystrochrept) to evaluate differences in growth, nutrient uptake, and nutrient efficiency ratios (ER = shoot dry weight produced per unit of element in shoot). Shoot growth nutrient uptake and ER were significantly different with respect to soil Al saturation, clones, and their interactions. Overall shoot nutrient content showed significant (P<0.01) positive correlations with shoot weight and significant inverse relationships with shoot Al concentration and soil Al saturation. In general, ER values were inversely related to shoot Al concentration. Depending on the element involved, the correlations between ER and shoot dry weight and soil Al saturation were either positive or negative. The soil and solution culture methods used in this investigation to induce a range of soil acidity tolerance have helped to demonstrate interspecific diversity in alfalfa for growth and nutrient uptake parameters. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1080/01904169309364525 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KJ499 UT WOS:A1993KJ49900002 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM AF SPIERS, JM TI POTASSIUM AND SODIUM FERTILIZATION AFFECTS LEAF NUTRIENT CONTENT AND GROWTH OF SHAWNEE BLACKBERRY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB The effects of varying potassium (K) and sodium (Na) fertilization levels on 'Shawnee' blackberry (Rubus, subgenus Eubatus, spp.) plant growth and leaf elemental content were studied in sand culture experiments Increasing K fertilizer levels linearly increased K, but decreased magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) in the leaves. Concentrations of Na, calcium (Ca) copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were not significantly influenced by K fertilization Plants contained six times more Na with high than with low Na fertilization. Sodium fertilization did not significantly affect leaf K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, or Zn, but leaf Mn was linearly reduced by increasing Na fertilization. Leaf K and Na were directly influenced by the amounts of supplied K and Na. 'Shawnee' blackberries readily take up Na, but exhibit some salt tolerance at low to moderate Na fertilization levels. At high Na levels, they appear to lack a mechanism to reduce Na uptake which results in reduced plant growth. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POB 287,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1080/01904169309364532 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KJ499 UT WOS:A1993KJ49900009 ER PT J AU FOY, CD CARTER, TE DUKE, JA DEVINE, TE AF FOY, CD CARTER, TE DUKE, JA DEVINE, TE TI CORRELATION OF SHOOT AND ROOT-GROWTH AND ITS ROLE IN SELECTING FOR ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION CULTURE; ACID SOIL AB Aluminum-tolerant soybean cultivars are needed for deeper rooting and increased drought tolerance in acid subsoils. A major limitation in the development of such cultivars is Al-screening methodology. Shoot growth is often used to infer root growth, but the genotypic relationships between root and shoot growth of older soybean plants have not been evaluated. Our objectives were (i) to test the hypothesis that shoot growth is a reliable indicator of acid soil (Al) tolerance in soybean, and (ii) to determine the relative Al tolerances of selected soybean genotypes. Nine genotypes were evaluated for Al tolerance by growing them for 37 days in greenhouse pots of unlimed (pH 4.3) and limed (pH 5.3) Tatum subsoil. Aluminum tolerance was determined by root and shoot growth and plant symptoms. Aluminum tolerance was detected using both shoot and root growth, and agreement between these two selection criteria was good. Genotypic correlations between root and shoot growth for unlimed soil, for limed soil, and for growth on unlimed soil expressed as a percentage of that on limed soil were 0.89, 0.86 and 0.93, respectively. Results support the conclusion that shoot growth can be used effectively to screen for acid soil (Al) tolerance in soybean. PI 416937 and Perry cultivars were classified as most tolerant, but the former was more susceptible to petiole collapse than the latter, suggesting that their tolerance mechanisms may be different. Forrest, Bossier, and Chief were the least tolerant when grown in the Tatum subsoil at pH 4.3. When plants were grown on unlimed soil, the first trifoliolates of the Al-tolerant, symptom-free Perry contained significantly lower concentrations of Al and Fe than did those of PI 416937 which showed petiole collapse. First trifoliolates of Al-tolerant Perry were also significantly lower in Al and Fe than those of Al-sensitive Chief, which showed severe leaf distortion and stunting on the unlimed soil. We conclude that variation for Al tolerance exists in soybean and that this variability may be sufficient to warrant breeding attention. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROPS SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27650. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 305 EP 325 DI 10.1080/01904169309364533 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KJ499 UT WOS:A1993KJ49900010 ER PT J AU LOPER, M BRAUER, D PATTERSON, D TU, SI AF LOPER, M BRAUER, D PATTERSON, D TU, SI TI ALUMINUM INHIBITION OF NADH-LINKED ELECTRON-TRANSFER BY CORN ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID POLYMER 2-PHASE SYSTEM; TOXICITY; ATPASE; FRACTIONATION; PARTITION AB Vesicles enriched in right-side-out plasma membranes were isolated from corn roots by a modified two-phase partition method. Using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as electron donor, isolated vesicles were capable of reducing both ferricyanide and oxygen. At pH 6.0, the presence of Al inhibited both reduction processes to a similar extent. This result indicates that these two reduction processes share at least one common step that is sensitive to Al. Inhibition was not associated with a change in the structure of the membrane domain, as revealed by fluorescence polarization of membrane incorporated probes. These results are the first indications that the electron transfer processes of plasma membranes are sensitive to the presence of Al. RP LOPER, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1080/01904169309364549 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KN965 UT WOS:A1993KN96500009 ER PT J AU STALEY, TE WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC AF STALEY, TE WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC TI PERENNIAL FORAGE LEGUME GROWTH IN ACIDIC SOILS FROM THE MAJOR SERIES OF THE APPALACHIAN HILL-LANDS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; ALUMINUM; ULTISOLS AB The lack of highly effective forage legume symbioses is thought to be a major constraint to the renovation of acidic soils of the Appalachian region for pasture use. A growth chamber experiment was initiated with 14 fresh soils, each of a different series, from diverse sites within the region to determine the need for rhizobial inoculation, and the soil chemical properties limiting growth, of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Effective, naturalized populations of rhizobia producing acceptable (>50% maximum) shoot growth were found in few of the soils. Commercial rhizobial mixtures were effective in producing similarly acceptable growth in three soils for alfalfa and red clover, but only in one soil for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil . Soil rankings based on asymbiotic shoot growth were similar for all species, particularly when only the better soils were considered, and changed little (r = 0.71*) compared to symbio- tically-grown plants. Soil chemical properties typically limiting growth of all species, particularly alfalfa, were low pH, and low Ca and high Al concentrations. Birdsfoot trefoil was least sensitive to these soil acidity-related factors. For plant species and soil combinations that allowed only ineffective symbioses, no significant correlation was found between differences in asymbiotic and symbiotic shoot growth and any chemical properties of the seven soils involved. Overall, these results demonstrate the need for improved rhizobia for many of for a number of these soils, and the difficulty of this task as a result of the multitude of interactions of soil, plant, and bacterial properties that determine rhizobium effectiveness. RP STALEY, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 573 EP 587 DI 10.1080/01904169309364558 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KV735 UT WOS:A1993KV73500004 ER PT J AU REEVES, DW MASK, PL WOOD, CW DELANEY, DP AF REEVES, DW MASK, PL WOOD, CW DELANEY, DP TI DETERMINATION OF WHEAT NITROGEN STATUS WITH A HAND-HELD CHLOROPHYLL METER - INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; RICE; REQUIREMENTS AB The nitrogen (N) status of wheat at specific growth stages has potential in predicting yield goals and supplemental N fertilizer requirements but there is a need for a simple and reliable method for field determination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N status under different management schemes. This field study was conducted for two seasons (1989-90 and 1990-91) on a Norfolk sl (fine-loamy, siliceous thermic Typic Kandiudults) in east-central Alabama. Treatment variables were tillage, fungicide and N rate. Tillage treatments were disk/harrow or paraplow. Fungicide treatments were no fungicide or propiconazole (Tilt(R)) applied at Feekes growth stage (GS) 8. Nitrogen rates were a 0-N control and 45, 90, 134, or 179 kg N/ha applied in a two-way split with 22.5 kg N/ha applied at planting and the remainder applied in mid-February. Whole plant samples at GS 3 and 5, and flag leaf samples at GS 10.51 were analyzed for N; a hand-held meter was used to measure chlorophyll concentrations at these sampling times also. The most consistent yield response was to fungicide, especially at higher N rates, with increases ranging from 15 to 62%. Paraplowing also affected grain yield response to N application. Leaf chlorophyll meter readings were significantly correlated to tissue N concentration and grain yield. The best predictor of grain yield was N uptake at GS 5, however, multiple regression models that included chlorophyll meter readings and dry matter at GS 5 were comparable to N uptake as predictors of yield. Chlorophyll meter readings have potential to be combined with other simple measurements, e.g., dry matter determination and/or soil nitrate tests, to develop quick and reliable methods for predicting N fertilizer requirements for winter wheat. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP REEVES, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 18 TC 77 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 15 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 5 BP 781 EP 796 DI 10.1080/01904169309364574 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LB667 UT WOS:A1993LB66700004 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM AF SPIERS, JM TI CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND SODIUM UPTAKE IN RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB In a sand culture study with rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade), increasing Na fertilization levels increased leaf concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Zn, and reduced leaf K plus plant growth. Magnesium fertilization did not affect leaf concentration of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, or Zn. High Ca fertilization increased leaf Ca and Mg. Calcium and Mg fertilization did not independently influence plant vigor, chlorosis, or growth of leaves and stems. Higher Na fertilization levels decreased plant vigor plus leaf production and increased chlorosis. With low Na fertilization levels, high Mg fertilization reduced leaf production. At the highest levels of Na fertilization, Ca fertilization had a synergistic influence and Mg had an antagonistic effect on Na uptake. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 5 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1080/01904169309364577 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LB667 UT WOS:A1993LB66700007 ER PT J AU MANTHEY, JA MCCOY, DL CROWLEY, DE AF MANTHEY, JA MCCOY, DL CROWLEY, DE TI CHELATION EFFECTS ON THE IRON REDUCTION AND UPTAKE BY LOW-IRON STRESS TOLERANT AND NONTOLERANT CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CHLOROSIS; SIDEROPHORES; CHEMISTRY; SOYBEANS AB The relative rates of ferric-iron (Fe3+) reduction and uptake by two citrus rootstocks were measured for a series of synthetic Fe3+ chelates and microbial siderophores. The rates of Fe3+ reduction by the citrus seedlings followed the order: FeHEDTA much less than FeDPTA > FeCDTA. No reduction occurred for FeDFOB (ferrioxamine B) and FeTAF (ferric triacetylfusagen). Low rates of Fe3+ reduction occurred for Fe2RA3 (ferric rhodotorulic acid). The levels of Fe-55 taken up the citrus seedlings showed good correlations with the reduction rates. These results indicate the importance of Fe3+ reduction in the Fe uptake by citrus rootstocks. The immobility of a large percent of the Fe-55 taken up by the roots is attributed to the accumulation of Fe in the root apoplasts. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92504. RP MANTHEY, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. RI Crowley, David/C-1216-2014 OI Crowley, David/0000-0002-1805-8599 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 5 BP 881 EP 893 DI 10.1080/01904169309364581 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LB667 UT WOS:A1993LB66700011 ER PT J AU NICHOLAS, JC HARPER, JE AF NICHOLAS, JC HARPER, JE TI EFFECT OF MES [2(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHANESULFONIC ACID] AND AMBERLITE IRC-50 RESIN ON NUTRIENT PH CONTROL AND SOYBEAN GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BUFFERS AB The relative effectiveness of Amberlite IRC-50 resin, in a recirculating ion exchange column, and several concentrations of MES [2(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] were evaluated for control of nutrient solution pH of hydroponically cultured soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Williams). A low buffering capacity, urea-based nutrient solution was used. MES buffer, at the concentrations evaluated (1, 2, 4, and 10 mM), was less effective at maintaining desired pH than the IRC-50 resin system. The pH of the 4.0 mM MES buffered nutrient solution decreased from 6.5 to below 4.0 in five days with 25 to 30 day old plants. By comparison, the pH of the IRC-50 resin buffered nutrient solution dropped from 6.5 to 5.9 during the same period. Nitrate uptake by 27 to 29 day-old plants was significantly slower when solutions were buffered with MES than with IRC-50 resin. Rate of nitrate uptake decreased with increasing MES buffer concentrations and decreasing pH in short-term studies on plants previously grown on IRC-50 resin buffered nutrient solution. Mass of the plants grown on IRC-50 resin buffered nutrient solution equaled or exceeded that of plants grown on 1, 2, or 4 mM MES. Total elemental uptake (mg/plant) by plants grown on nutrient solution buffered by IRC-50 resin, for the ten elements tested, was equal to or greater than uptake by plants grown on nutrient solution buffered by 1, 2, or 4 mM MES. It is concluded that IRC-50 resin in recirculating columns provides better pH control than does MES buffer for hydroponically grown soybean. RP NICHOLAS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,1201 W GREGORY,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 5 BP 895 EP 909 DI 10.1080/01904169309364582 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LB667 UT WOS:A1993LB66700012 ER PT J AU HSU, AFC RODENBACH, S TU, SI AF HSU, AFC RODENBACH, S TU, SI TI SEPARATION OF TONOPLAST VESICLES ENRICHED IN ATPASE AND PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY FROM MAIZE ROOTS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRANSLOCATING INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE; BETA-VULGARIS L; PROTON TRANSPORT; RED BEET; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; OAT ROOTS; PURIFICATION; VACUOLE AB Continuous sucrose gradient (15-35%) centrifugation of maize (Zea mays L.) root microsomal membranes yielded two well-separated fractions of tonoplast vesicles located between 19-21% (Peak I) and 25-26% sucrose (Peak II). Marker enzyme analyses indicated that both fractions were essentially free from plasma membrane, mitochondria and Golgi contaminations. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supported proton transport activity was found in both Peak I and Peak II with a 70 to 30% distribution. Tle pyrophosphatase (PP(i)) supported proton transport activity was found only in Peak II. Both hydrolytic activities assumed a bell shape pH dependency with pH optimum at 6.5-7.5 and at 6.5-3.5 for ATPase and PP(i)ase, respectively. The K(m) of the ATPase and PP(i)ase, at their respective optimal pH, was found to be 1. 2 mM and 0.02 mM, respectively. Both ATPase and PP(i)ase activities were strongly inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) but not by molybdate. Peak I contained nitrate-sensitive and vanadate-insensitive ATP hydrolysis activity. In addition to catalyzing the nitrate and vanadate-insensitive hydrolysis of PP(i), Peak II also contained some minor ATP hydrolysis activity that was sensitive to vanadate and nitrate. The results indicate that H+-ATPases and H+-PP(i)ase occur different populations of tonoplast vesicles from com roots. RP HSU, AFC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1179 EP 1192 DI 10.1080/01904169309364604 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD959 UT WOS:A1993LD95900002 ER PT J AU BERG, WA HODGES, ME KRENZER, EG AF BERG, WA HODGES, ME KRENZER, EG TI IRON-DEFICIENCY IN WHEAT GROWN ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Extensive areas of chlorotic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were observed on calcareous soils in western Oklahoma. Spraying severely chlorotic wheat with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) resulted in greening within a week and doubled herbage yield a month later. Intensive grazing of wheat prior to jointing induced no to severe chlorosis in 33 wheat cultivars tested over three years. After peak intensity in early April, the chlorosis diminished and was not visible when the wheat was fully headed in May. Overall, we believe increased iron (Fe) deficiency in wheat on the Southern Plains is due to increased use of Fe-inefficient cultivars and stress induced by grazing. Wheat cultivars less susceptible to Fe deficiency are commercially available. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,GUYMON,OK 73492. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP BERG, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1241 EP 1248 DI 10.1080/01904169309364609 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD959 UT WOS:A1993LD95900007 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM BRASWELL, JH AF SPIERS, JM BRASWELL, JH TI NITROGEN RATE AND SOURCE AFFECTS LEAF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION AND PLANT-GROWTH IN MUSCADINE GRAPES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Leaf concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in 'Sterling' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michaux) grown for two years in sand culture were not influenced by different N-fertilizer sources. Leaf zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were higher with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)than ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]. Shoot growth was greatest with NH4NO3. Leaf Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu content decreased and leaf N increased as N-fertilizer rates were raised. Plant growth was positively correlated with leaf N, but was negatively correlated with leaf Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Mn content. Percent Mg in the leaves was reduced when N levels, regardless of N source, were raised from the low (1.8 mM) to the middle (5.4 mM) rate. High leaf-N levels wert correlated with lower Ca and Mg in the leaves, indicating a relationship between N fertilization and the late-season Mg deficiency often observed in muscadine grapes. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POB 287,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1080/01904169309364632 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LP661 UT WOS:A1993LP66100013 ER PT J AU FOY, CD SHALUNOYA, LP LEE, EH AF FOY, CD SHALUNOYA, LP LEE, EH TI ACID SOIL TOLERANCE OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L MERR) GERMPLASM FROM THE USSR SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; SOLUTION CULTURE; SELECTION; CULTIVARS; GROWTH AB Nineteen soybean genotypes (ten from the former USSR, two from Brazil and seven from USA) were tested for aluminum (Al) tolerance by growing them for 21 days in greenhouse pots of acid, Al-toxic, unlimed Tatum (Typic Hapludult) subsoil at pH 4.0 and in limed subsoil at pH 5.1. Aluminum tolerance ranking depended upon the plant traits used in the screening process. Based on absolute dry shoot weights at pH 4.0, Giessener, Brunatna, and St.-59 (USSR), and Biloxi (USA) were most tolerant; least tolerant entries included Yantarnaya and Smena (USSR), and Davis (USA). Based on relative shoot dry weights (pH 4.0/pH 5.1 %), Giessener, Brunatna, and St.-59 (USSR) were among the most tolerant, Bossier, Biloxi, Essex, and Perry were intermediate, and Salute 216 (USSR), Chief (USA), and Santa Rosa and IAC-9 (Brazil) were more sensitive to the acid soil. Based on absolute root dry weights, Giessener, and St.-59 (USSR), and Biloxi (USA) were among the most tolerant and Smena, Yantarnaya and Salute 216 (USSR), and Chief (USA) were most sensitive. Based on relative root dry weights (pH 4.0/ pH 5.1 %), Giessener was most tolerant and Smena and Salute 216 least tolerant. Preliminary evidence indicated that soybean entries screened for Al tolerance on acid Tatum soil also differed in tolerance to naturally occurring levels of ambient ozone in greenhouses at Beltsville. The Russian entries VNIIS-2, Giessener, and Brunatna appeared more sensitive than USA entries Perry, Biloxi, Davis, and Bossier (USA), and Santa Rosa (Brazil). Aluminum tolerance and ozone tolerance appeared to coincide in the Perry genotype. Studies on Al-ozone-soybean genotype relationships are being continued at Beltsville. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1593 EP 1617 DI 10.1080/01904169309364636 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LV689 UT WOS:A1993LV68900001 ER PT J AU SHU, ZH OBERLY, GH CARRY, EE AF SHU, ZH OBERLY, GH CARRY, EE TI TIME-COURSE STUDY ON THE MOBILITY AND PATTERN OF DISTRIBUTION OF FOLIAR-APPLIED BORON IN PEACHES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ITALIAN PRUNE; FLOWER BUDS; ACCUMULATION; TOXICITY AB One-year-old 'Red Haven' peach (Prunus Persica) trees grown in pots in the greenhouse were used to study the time course mobility and pattern of distribution of boron (B). Enriched-B-10 boric acid solution was evenly spread onto the abaxial side of the fifth leaf (numbered acropetally). After harvesting at different time intervals, selected plant parts were analyzed for B-10 using an ICP-MASS spectrometer. The results showed that within 4 hours, B could be taken up and translocated bidirectionally to all plant parts, except for the fine roots. Treated leaf, green stem, and fine root were the tissues having high B-10 concentrations in comparison to the other tissues. The highest B-10 concentrations in the fed leaf, green stem, and fine root were reached in 12 hours, at the 4th week, and in 72 hours, respectively. The total B-10 absorbed averaged 0.3% of the total B-10 applied, with the highest total percent recovery of 0.43%, which was reached in 72 hours. The total amount of B-10 exported from the fed leaf was more than 50% of the B-10 absorbed. A comparison of the B-10/B-11 ratio and the B-10 content was used as the parameter of B movement. The method of data expression is also discussed. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SHU, ZH (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1661 EP 1673 DI 10.1080/01904169309364641 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LV689 UT WOS:A1993LV68900006 ER PT J AU RAESE, JT DRAKE, SR AF RAESE, JT DRAKE, SR TI EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST CALCIUM SPRAYS ON APPLE AND PEAR QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Fruit from apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees sprayed with calcium chloride (CaCl2) had higher fruit calcium (Ca) concentrations by 10% or more than the unsprayed control trees. In Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples, the incidences of bitter pit, scald, and internal breakdown were substantially reduced with CaCl2 sprays. In most instances, firmness, total acidity, and juiciness ratings of apples were improved with CaCl2 sprays. In 'Anjou' pears, the incidence of cork spot was reduced with CaCl2 sprays. Only sprays of NutriCal and CaCl2 + Regulaid showed substantial increases in fruit firmness of 'Anjou' pear. In 1991, yield of 'Anjou' pear trees was increased by 36% with CaCl2 sprays compared with the control trees. RP RAESE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 4 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1807 EP 1819 DI 10.1080/01904169309364651 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LV689 UT WOS:A1993LV68900016 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM AF RUSSO, VM TI EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER TYPE AND RATE, AND LIMING ON BANANA SQUASH YIELD SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MANURE; SOILS AB There is a question whether it is best to use synthetic or alternative materials to fertilize horticultural crops. Levels of applied fertilizer can affect development of crops such as banana squash (Curcubita maxima Duch.). Seed were planted in 1990, 1991, and 1992 into beds treated with sufficient fertilizer to raise the residual nutrient levels to the recommended (base) and twice recommended (2X) rate with a synthetic or an alternative fertilizer. Lime was applied prior to seeding in 1990 and as a treatment was, or was not, applied prior to seeding in 1991 and 1992. Plants grown in beds treated with the synthetic fertilizer consistently produced higher yields than plants grown in beds treated with the alternative fertilizer. In 1990, the base fertilizer rate improved yield. There was no difference in 1991 due to fertilizer level, and in 1992, the 2X fertilizer rate improved yield. Application of fertilizer above the base level is not encouraged. Liming did not affect yield. By the spring of 1992, the soil pH for lime augmented fertilizer treatments was increased above the spring 1991 levels which was maintained through fall 1992. For the no-lime treatments, soil pH by fall 1992 was below spring 1991 levels. Soil pH was not correlated with yield. These data suggest that factors which would include solubility, mineralization, and leaching of materials may be responsible for yield differences between plants fertilized with synthetic or an alternative fertilizer. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1821 EP 1828 DI 10.1080/01904169309364652 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LV689 UT WOS:A1993LV68900017 ER PT J AU MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR AF MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR TI EFFECTS OF MES [2(N-MORPHOLINO)-ETHANESULFONIC ACID] AND PH ON MINERAL NUTRIENT-UPTAKE BY MYCORRHIZAL AND NONMYCORRHIZAL MAIZE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MICRONUTRIENT UPTAKE; PHOSPHATE STATUS; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; SORGHUM; PLANTS; FUNGI; SOIL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NUTRITION AB Mycorrhizal (+VAM) and nonmycorrhizal (+VAM) maize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown in sand culture in a greenhouse to determine effects of MES [2(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid] (2.0 mM) and pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0) on mineral nutrient uptake. Plants were inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) isolate Glomus intraradices UT143. Shoot and root dry matter yields were lower in plants grown with MES (+MES) than without MES (-MES), and decreased as pH increased. Shoot concentrations of N, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn were generally higher in +MES than in -MES plants, and nutrient contents of most nutrients were generally higher in +MES than in -MES plants. Concentrations of N, Ca, Mg, and Mn increased and P, S, and Fe decreased, while contents of all measured nutrients except Mn and Zn decreased as pH increased. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu were higher in +VAM than in -VAM plants, and contents of P and Ca were higher in -VAM than in +VAM plants and Zn content was higher in +VAM than in -VAM plants. MES had marked effects on mineral nutrient uptake which should be considered when MES is used to control pH of nutrient solutions for growth of maize. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2255 EP 2272 DI 10.1080/01904169309364684 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MK700 UT WOS:A1993MK70000008 ER PT J AU DEREN, CW GLAZ, B SNYDER, GH AF DEREN, CW GLAZ, B SNYDER, GH TI LEAF-TISSUE SILICON CONTENT OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES GROWN ON EVERGLADES HISTOSOLS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM SILICATE; RICE; SLAG; YIELDS; BLAST AB On soils low in plant-available silicon (Si), fertilization of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) with calcium silicate slag increases plant Si content and sugar yield. However, Si fertilization is costly. Plants which are more efficient in accumulating available Si may have an economic advantage, and selection for genotypes with greater Si content may be warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was genetic variability for plant-tissue Si content in selected populations of commercial-type sugarcane clones in the Canal Point (CP), Florida breeding program. A total of 52 sugarcane genotypes from the third and fourth stages of the sugarcane breeding program were evaluated for Si content in leaves. Clones were evaluated as plant cane in randomized complete-block experiments at four sites which varied in plant-available Si. Soils at three sites were organic Histosols; the fourth was a sand. The locations and the forty Stage III clones varied significantly (P<0.01) in plant-tissue Si. Stage TV test sites also varied significantly, but the 12 clones, which were of a narrower genetic base, did not. In both tests,'CP 72-1210', a very popular and high-yielding commercial cultivar, had the greatest mean Si content. Results indicated that genotypic variability for Si content exists in elite, commercial-type sugarcanes. A greater range of Si content might be found in a more diverse array of genotypes. A study to investigate the heritability and stability of plant tissue Si content should be feasible. C1 USDA,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP DEREN, CW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2273 EP 2280 DI 10.1080/01904169309364685 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MK700 UT WOS:A1993MK70000009 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM AF SPIERS, JM TI NITROGEN, CALCIUM, AND MAGNESIUM FERTILIZATION AFFECTS GROWTH AND LEAF ELEMENTAL CONTENT OF DORMANRED RASPBERRY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BLACKBERRY AB `Dormanred' raspberry (Rubus species) plants grown in sand culture were subjected to varying concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg over a two-year period. Increasing nitrogen fertilization resulted in linear reductions of leaf Ca, K, Zn, Fe, and Mn but did not affect leaf Mg. Leaf Ca and K increased linearly with Ca fertilization, but applied Ca had an antagonistic influence on leaf Mg. Magnesium fertilization had a positive influence on leaf Mg but negatively affected leaf K, Ca, and Mn. Plant growth was negatively correlated with leaf Ca and leaf K, but had a positive correlation with leaf Mg and Mn. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant growth up to the mid-level of applied N, but additional N reduced plant growth. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2333 EP 2339 DI 10.1080/01904169309364691 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MN372 UT WOS:A1993MN37200001 ER PT J AU STALEY, TE AF STALEY, TE TI GROWTH OF PERENNIAL FORAGE LEGUMES IN ACIDIC SOILS OF THE APPALACHIAN HILL-LANDS AFTER LIMING SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX-L; COMPETITIVE NODULATION; INOCULUM RATE; POPULATIONS; RHIZOBIA; FIELD AB A major constraint to the renovation of forage legume-based pastures on acidic soils of the Appalachian hill-lands is thought to be the absence of effective rhizobia. A growth chamber experiment was done with aluminum (Al) toxic, low pH (greater than or equal to 4.2) soils from four series (Berks, Lily, Tate, and Westmoreland) that were planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), or birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). These soils, without lime addition, were previously shown not to contain effective, naturalized populations of rhizobia for these plant species. However, a non-toxic, pH 6.8, Watauga soil was shown to have such rhizobia but only for alfalfa. In the present study, these five soils were reexamined after liming to pH greater than or equal to 5.5 for effective, naturalized populations of rhizobia and the efficacy of soil inoculation with commercially available rhizobia. In addition to effective, naturalized R. meliloti for alfalfa in the Watauga soil, similar populations of R. trifolii for red clover, and R. lotus for birdsfoot trefoil, were now found. Such rhizobia were also found for alfalfa in the Lily soil and for red clover in the Lily and Tate soil. Thus, liming allowed the expression of effectiveness of natural rhizobia that otherwise would not have been detected in soil pot experiments without lime. Inoculation of the toxic soils after lime addition with commercial rhizobia was effective in about half of the soil-plant combinations that did not contain populations of effective, naturalized rhizobia. Asymbiotic shoot growth of all the plant species was significantly (P greater than or equal to 0.05) correlated with soil pH over a range of 5.5-6.6. These results indicate that, in the absence of effective, naturalized populations of rhizobia, improvement of rhizobial inocula could increase forage production by similar to 34% for some species on some of the toxic soils, even after the pH of the soils is increased to greater than or equal to 5.5. RP STALEY, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2577 EP 2590 DI 10.1080/01904169309364704 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MN372 UT WOS:A1993MN37200014 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, W YEE, J AF FERGUSON, W YEE, J TI EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL SCOUTING PROGRAMS IN COTTON PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Producers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) who participate in commercial scout programs have significantly higher yields than producers that do not participate. A chi-square statistical inference test of data from a survey of cotton pesticide use in 1989 indicated that nonchemical pest control practices, such as resistant plant varieties, stalk destruction, and pheromone traps, are more commonly used on acreage in a professional scouting program. Producers in a commercial scout program, however, also treat a higher proportion of planted acres with pesticides and apply more treatments per acre. The study highlights the need for ongoing examination of integrated pest management programs to encourage reduction in the use of pesticides. The decision by producers to participate is correlated with the producer's education, age, tenure, and cropland value. Relative to producers in other regions, Southern Plains producers have the least participation in terms of percentage of acres in a commercial scout program and, therefore, have the most to gain in terms of yield increase by participating. RP FERGUSON, W (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 1 BP 100 EP 103 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KQ747 UT WOS:A1993KQ74700013 ER PT J AU COX, JR DEALBAAVILA, A RICE, RW COX, JN AF COX, JR DEALBAAVILA, A RICE, RW COX, JN TI BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ACACIA-CONSTRICTA AND PROSOPIS-VELUTINA ESTABLISHMENT IN THE SONORAN DESERT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WHITETHORN ACACIA; VELVET MESQUITE; GERMINATION; SOIL TEXTURE; PLANTING DEPTH; FIRE; RODENTS, CATTLE; SHEEP SEMIDESERT GRASSLANDS; NORTH-AMERICA ID SEED AB Over the past century woody plants have increased in abundance on sites formerly occupied by grasslands in the Sonoran Desert. Woody plant invasion has been associated with a multitude of biological and physical factors. This study was conducted to determine temperature, soil, fire, rodent, and livestock effects on the germination and establishment of whitethorn acacia (Acacia constricta Benth.) and velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina (Woot.) Sarg.]. Optimum germination temperatures for both shrubs ranged from 26 to 31-degrees-C, and seedling emergence was greatest from seed sown at 1 to 2 cm depths in sandy loam soil. Merriams kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) fed seeds in the laboratory removed seed coats and planted embryos at 2 to 4 cm depths in a sandy loam soil. Prescribed fire killed 100% of seed placed on the soil surface but had no measurable effect on the germination of seed planted at 2 cm. After passage by sheep, about 6% of the A. constricta and 13% of the P. velutinta seeds germinated while after passage by cattle, only 1% of the A. constricta and 3% of the P. velutina seed germinated. Embryo planting by rodents may improve survival efficiencies for these leguminous shrub seedlings, but seed consumption and passage by sheep and cattle appear to adversely affect seed germination. Dipodomys merriami, rather than domestic livestock, may be responsible for the spread of these shrubs in the Sonoran Desert. C1 CEDEC,MEXICO CITY 99600,MEXICO. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP COX, JR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA,AGR RES SERV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.2307/4002446 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG498 UT WOS:A1993KG49800007 ER PT J AU HART, RH BISSIO, J SAMUEL, MJ WAGGONER, JW AF HART, RH BISSIO, J SAMUEL, MJ WAGGONER, JW TI GRAZING SYSTEMS, PASTURE SIZE, AND CATTLE GRAZING BEHAVIOR, DISTRIBUTION AND GAINS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CONTINUOUS GRAZING; GRAZING TIME; NATIVE RANGE; SEASON-LONG GRAZING; SHORT-DURATION ROTATION GRAZING; TIME-CONTROLLED GRAZING; TRAVEL DISTANCE ID SEEDBED PREPARATION; RANGE; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; RATES; SOIL; DIET AB Reduced pasture size and distance to water may be responsible for the alleged benefits of intensive time-controlled rotation grazing systems. We compared cattle gains, activity, distance traveled, and forage utilization on a time-controlled rotation system with eight 24-ha pastures, on two 24-ha pastures grazed continuously (season-long), and on a 207-ha pasture grazed continuously, an stocked at the same rate. Utilization on the 207-ha pasture, but not on the 24-ha pastures, declined with distance from water. At distances greater than 3 km from water in the 207-ha pasture, utilization was significantly less than on adjacent 24-ha pastures, at distances of 1.0 to 1.6 km from water. Cows on the 207-ha pasture travelled farther (6.1 km/day) than cows on the 24-ha rotation pastures (4.2 km/day), which travelled farther than cows on the 24-ha continuously grazed pastures (3.2 km/day). Grazing system, range site, slope, and weather had minimal effects on cow activity patterns. Gains of cows and calves were less on the 207-ha pasture (0.24 and 0.77 kg/day, respectively) than on the 24-ha rotation pastures or 24-ha continuously grazed pastures (0.42 and 0.89 kg/da, respectively), with no differences between the latter. Calculated ''hoof action'' on the rotation pastures was less than that demonstrated to increase seed burial and seedling emergence. Intensive rotation grazing systems are unlikely to benefit animal performance unless they reduce pasture size and distance to water below previous levels, decreasing travel distance and increasing uniformity of grazing. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP HART, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 44 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 33 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.2307/4002452 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG498 UT WOS:A1993KG49800013 ER PT J AU FRASIER, GW KEISER, J AF FRASIER, GW KEISER, J TI THIN-LAYER MEASUREMENT OF SOIL BULK-DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE INFILTRATION; PARAFFIN WAX; SOIL TEXTURE AB Measurement of soil bulk densities is difficult if there are gravel, stones, or other materials present in the soil profile. A technique is offered for estimating the soil bulk density in thin layers (1.0 cm) in loose, nonuniform soils with low moisture levels. The technique consists of the removal of the soil in shallow layers. As each layer is removed, the hole is filled with a molten paraffin wax to obtain a casting of the excavated volume. Measured bulk densities values using this procedure compare well to results obtained with other techniques. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP FRASIER, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 91 EP 93 DI 10.2307/4002454 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG498 UT WOS:A1993KG49800015 ER PT J AU FITZ, TA CONTOIS, DF MARR, MM REXROAD, CE FRITZ, MA AF FITZ, TA CONTOIS, DF MARR, MM REXROAD, CE FRITZ, MA TI EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL ANALOGS AND SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS ON OVINE LUTEAL CELL PROGESTERONE SECRETION INVITRO - DEMONSTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA LUTEOLYTIC ACTIONS IN A DEFINED MODEL SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; HUMAN GRANULOSA-CELLS; PROTEIN KINASE-C; CORPUS-LUTEUM; LEYDIG-CELLS; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; STEROID-PRODUCTION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RAT; STEROIDOGENESIS AB In an attempt to establish a defined model system for studies aimed at elucidating the mechanism of PGF2alpha action, we examined the effects of medium supplementation with soluble hydroxycholesterol analogues, alone and in combination with ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) in the presence and absence of PGF2alpha, on progesterone secretion by mixed ovine luteal cells in vitro. In short-term cultures (2-6 h), supplementary 22R-hydroxycholesterol (22R-OHC; 0.16-20 mug ml-1) increased (P < 0.05) progesterone production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas similar concentrations of 22S-hydroxycholesterol (22S-OHC) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) had little effect. In incubations of less-than-or-equal-to 24 h duration, 22R-OHC (1 mug ml-1) dramatically increased progesterone secretion, whereas oLH (100 ng ml-1) in the presence or absence of PGF2alpha (250 ng ml-1) had no consistent effects, alone or in combination with 22R-OHC. In contrast, 22R-OHC (1 mug ml-1) alone had no effect in long-term incubations (72-192 h), nor did treatment with oLH (100 ng ml-1) in the presence or absence of PGF2alpha (250 ng ml-1) in the absence of 22R-OHC. Together, however, 22R-OHC and oLH stimulated (P < 0.05) progesterone secretion, a synergistic effect consistently inhibited (P < 0.05) by PGF2alpha. Equimolar (2.5 mumol l-1) concentrations of 22R-OHC and homologous serum low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol exhibited comparable capacities to maintain progesterone secretion in long-term cultures (24-168 h), with and without gonadotrophin (oLH or human chorionic gonadotrophin, 100 ng ml-1) stimulation. These data establish 22R-OHC as an effective steroidogenic substrate for progesterone biosynthesis in ovine luteal cells in vitro, exhibit its capacity (when combined with gonadotrophin) to extend the useful life of cultured ovine luteal cells in a manner similar to serum lipoproteins and demonstrate the ability to reproduce PGF2alpha-induced luteolytic actions in a defined model system in vitro. C1 USDA,ANIM REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FITZ, TA (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 97 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA KK741 UT WOS:A1993KK74100009 PM 8464026 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, JM SAMARAS, SE GRIMES, R LEIGHTON, J BARBER, J CANNING, SF GUTHRIE, HD AF HAMMOND, JM SAMARAS, SE GRIMES, R LEIGHTON, J BARBER, J CANNING, SF GUTHRIE, HD TI THE ROLE OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTORS AND EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR-RELATED PEPTIDES IN INTRAOVARIAN REGULATION IN THE PIG OVARY SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Pig Reproduction CY MAY 24-26, 1993 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO HO UNIV MISSOURI ID PORCINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID SYNTHESIS; FACTOR-I PRODUCTION; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; INTERSTITIAL-CELLS; HORMONE; GONADOTROPINS; INVITRO; LOCALIZATION AB The autocrine and paracrine role of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related peptides in pig ovary are reviewed. For convenience, each of these regulatory systems is divided into several interactive components: regulated expression of the growth factors, growth factor reception at the cell surface and intracellular action of the growth factors. In addition, the concept of regulated bioavailability and targeting of growth factors in the extracellular space is developed as an important control locus and area for future study. With regard to the IGF system, these components include two ligands - IGF-I and -II, both expressed in the porcine ovary - and the possibility of three receptors. IGF-I and the type T IGF receptor appear to be the most important in stimulating ovarian function and amplifying hormone action. In addition, the 'set-point' of the ovarian IGF system may be determined by the activity of several IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). At least four of these proteins are expressed in the pig ovary. Studies of their regulation and action in ovarian cells indicate that they can function as antagonists to FSH and the IGFs. However, preliminary evidence suggests a more dynamic model in which these proteins may direct the site and timing of IGF effects. There are fewer data on the EGF system. At least four EGF-related peptides are expressed in pig ovaries, but insufficient information is available to predict their physiological regulation. These peptides are potent mitogens for ovarian cells. Their steroidogenic effects are more variable, apparently depending on the level of differentiation of target cells as well as the presence or absence of critical co-factors. Differential targeting and activation of these peptides can be predicted from their primary structure. However, few data are yet available to substantiate these mechanisms in the ovary. The data in each of these areas suggest a pivotal role for these systems in ovarian function. However, control of these systems in vivo will be required to confirm this hypothesis. C1 US ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAMMOND, JM (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT MED,HERSHEY,PA 17033, USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PY 1993 SU 48 BP 117 EP 125 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA MV397 UT WOS:A1993MV39700009 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR NAKAYAMA, FS IDSO, SB AF KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR NAKAYAMA, FS IDSO, SB TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND CLIMATE VARIABLES ON PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; ENRICHMENT; YIELD C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,COTTON PHYSIOL RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,ENVIRONM & PLANT DYNAM,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 48 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA KR226 UT WOS:A1993KR22600003 ER PT J AU OBREZA, TA YAMATAKI, H PEARLSTINE, LG AF OBREZA, TA YAMATAKI, H PEARLSTINE, LG TI CLASSIFICATION OF LAND SUITABILITY FOR CITRUS PRODUCTION USING DRAINMOD SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION; DRAINAGE; MODEL AB Land area used for citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) production in Southwest Florida has expanded. The location of this expansion is a concern of water use and environmental regulatory agencies. Citrus requires well-drained conditions for optimum growth, but the soils in the region are primarily poorly to very poorly drained with seasonal high water tables. Drainability is the major factor which determines soil suitability for citrus production. The objectives of this study were to use the DRAINMOD soil water management/drainage model to 1) simulate water table behavior for artificially-drained flatwoods, slough, and depressional soils, 2) determine differences in soil drainability using an index calculated by DRAINMOD, 3) categorize soils as to suitability for citrus production, and 4) evaluate the accuracy of the method. Mean SEW30 of depressional soils was higher (indicating lower drainability) than flatwoods or slough soils. Empirical water table data from citrus groves agreed with this result. Mean SEW30 varied most for the slough soils. Soil suitability for citrus was ranked in the order flatwoods > sloughs > depressions. Comparison to current citrus grove locations showed that groves exist on the lands rated high to intermediate in drainability. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,SCS,FT MYERS,FL. RP OBREZA, TA (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,SW FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,IMMOKALEE,FL, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 48 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA KR226 UT WOS:A1993KR22600007 ER PT J AU CORAK, SJ KASPAR, TC MEEK, DW AF CORAK, SJ KASPAR, TC MEEK, DW TI EVALUATING METHODS FOR MEASURING RESIDUE COVER SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE AB The percentage of soil surface covered with crop residue can be estimated from slide photographs using point sampling methods such as dot screens, but the accuracy of these methods is unknown. Our objective was to develop a benchmark method for accurately measuring residue cover. Slide photographs of residues were projected on the screen of a slide viewer, and tracings of residues were made on acetate film taped to the screen. We measured the area of tracings with computerized image analysis. Results were compared with those obtained by projection of slides onto dot screens, and by image analysis of videotaped pictures of real residues. Measurements made with dot screens and with image analysis of tracings were not significantly different. Image analysis of videotaped pictures underestimated residue cover because we were unable to discriminate completely between soil surface and crop residue based solely on gray-level. The tracing method, although time consuming, is useful for testing the accuracies of other residue-cover measurement methods. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP CORAK, SJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 48 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA KR226 UT WOS:A1993KR22600009 ER PT J AU RAO, SC PHILLIPS, WA AF RAO, SC PHILLIPS, WA TI EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING AND SOIL RESIDUE ON SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND FORAGE PRODUCTION OF BRASSICAS SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Emergence and establishment of Brassica spp. under adverse environmental conditions found in the Southern Great Plains appear to be major constraint in the production of spring forage. Field experiments, using 'Purpletop' turnip (Brassica rapa L.) and 'Tyfon,' a turnip x Chinese cabbage hybrid [B. rapa L. x B. pekinensis (Lovr) Rupr.], were conducted on Dale silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Pachic Haplustoll) soils near El Reno, Oklahoma. Unprimed seeds and seeds primed with PEG 8000 (polyethylene glycol 8000) were planted in burned and unburned plots of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.), pers. cv. Midland] sod at the rate of 2.5 kg ha-1 in February 1986 and 1987, with a no-till drill. After seedling emergence, N (100 kg ha-1) and P (60 kg ha-1) were broadcast to all plots. Seedling emergence 25 d after seeding was similar for both cultivars in 1986, but Purpletop exhibited greater (P < 0.05) seedling emergence than Tyfon in 1987. Priming seeds with PEG increased (P < 0.05) seedling emergence over unprimed seed by 75 and 53% in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Priming seeds also improved forage dry matter production at 70 and 90 d after seeding. The influence of soil surface residue level was minimal on seedling emergence and forage dry matter production. The advantages of seed priming on forage production were dependent upon residue level and precipitation. Primed seeds of Brassica may improve seedling emergence in the spring and as a result increase forage production. RP RAO, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1300/J064v03n02_08 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA LQ512 UT WOS:A1993LQ51200005 ER PT J AU RIVER, BH OKKONEN, EA AF RIVER, BH OKKONEN, EA TI CONTOURED WOOD DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM SPECIMEN FOR ADHESIVE JOINT FRACTURE TESTS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; WOOD; ADHESIVE; CONTOURED DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM (CDCB) AB The strain energy release rate and associated parameters are useful measures of adhesive bond quality. A properly contoured double cantilever beam specimen excels in measuring these properties. However, previous specimen designs presented experimental difficulties resulting in possible bias and poor reproducibility. A new composite specimen is described that overcomes these problems. The specimen is made of oriented strandboard (OSB) and has a concave taper; two contoured beams sandwich a wood laminate having the test bondline at its center. Unlike previous specimen designs, this new specimen allows bonding of the test joint under normal conditions and produces a linear relationship between specimen compliance and crack length. These changes improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the test results with adhesively bonded wood joints. This report describes how the new specimen was developed and how to experimentally determine the compliance and crack-length relationship used to calculate the strain energy release rate of an adhesive joint. Furthermore, the reproducibility of two sets of specimens and the use of the method to analyze differences in actual joint quality are shown and discussed. RP RIVER, BH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA KE756 UT WOS:A1993KE75600004 ER PT J AU URBANIK, TJ CATLIN, AH FRIEDMAN, DR LUND, RC AF URBANIK, TJ CATLIN, AH FRIEDMAN, DR LUND, RC TI MORE RAPID EDGEWISE CRUSH TEST METHODS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE PAPER TESTING; CORRUGATED CONTAINERS; PACKAGING; COMPRESSION; LABORATORY METHODS; PROCEDURES; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; STRENGTH AB The use of paraffin wax to reinforce the loading edges of corrugated fiberboard edge-crush specimens requires that the specimens be reconditioned after waxing. The traditional practice employing a 24-h reconditioning period is a conservative approach based on the moisture response rate of corrugated containers. An interlaboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of reconditioning time on edgewise compressive strength of waxed specimen prepared by standard test methods. Results showed that reconditioning time can be reduced from 24 h to 2 h with no significant change in test values. The results apply to flexible-beam and rigid-platen loading machines, but at conventional loading speeds, the flexible-beam machine yielded higher overall strength values. Other tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of an edge-clamping fixture for use with unwaxed specimens. When tested with heavy basis weight materials, the fixture did not yield equivalent results compared to those obtained with lighter grade waxed specimens. C1 INLAND CONTAINER CORP,DEPT ENVIRONM & QUAL ASSURANCE,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46268. GEN MILLS INC,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55427. WEYERHAEUSER CO,CTR TECH,TACOMA,WA 98477. RP URBANIK, TJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA KE756 UT WOS:A1993KE75600010 ER PT J AU MUTTERS, RG MADORE, M BYTNEROWICZ, A AF MUTTERS, RG MADORE, M BYTNEROWICZ, A TI FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE AFFECTS GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF COMMON BEAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID EMISSIONS C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP MUTTERS, RG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KJ113 UT WOS:A1993KJ11300009 ER PT J AU BROWN, EM CHEN, JM FEAIRHELLER, SH AF BROWN, EM CHEN, JM FEAIRHELLER, SH TI PREDICTED INTERACTIONS OF IONIZABLE SIDE-CHAINS IN A FRAGMENT OF THE 3-DIMENSIONAL ENERGY-MINIMIZED MODEL FOR CALF SKIN TYPE-I COLLAGEN MICROFIBRIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE HELIX; PROTEINS AB Three-dimensional structures of a fragment of Type I collagen triple helices and microfibrils were examined to predict the formation of stabilizing interactions and binding sites for chromium and acidic crosslinkers. Interactions of arginine and lysine side chains with negatively charged side chains, which may contribute to the stability of triple helical and larger collagen assemblies, were identified in the computer models. Lysine to lysine distances were measured and used to predict suitable chain lengths for bifunctional acidic crosslinkers. Fourteen sites composed of acidic side chains separated by 6-8 angstrom suitable for crosslinking with a 7 angstrom binuclear chromium complex were identified. After conversion of amide side chains to the corresponding acid form, as would occur by liming, an additional nine sites were identified. RP BROWN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 88 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MG291 UT WOS:A1993MG29100001 ER PT J AU KUNG, CE MALEEFF, BE DUDLEY, RL KRONICK, PL AF KUNG, CE MALEEFF, BE DUDLEY, RL KRONICK, PL TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SURFACTANT ALKYL SULFO-N-SUCCINIMIDYL ESTERS AND COLLAGEN FIBRILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYSULFOSUCCINIMIDE ACTIVE ESTERS; CROSS-LINKING; MEMBRANE-IMPERMEANT; PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; MONOLAYERS; PEPTIDES; BINDING; LIPIDS; PROBES AB A surface-active agent, sulfo-N-succinimidyl undecenoate (SSU) was prepared as a probe for collagen-surfactant interactions. When the probe was mixed with monomeric and dimeric collagen in solution, the alpha1 and beta11 chains reacted to give an electrophoretically homogenous product with increased mobility; the mobilities of the alpha2 and beta12 chains were unaltered. The surfactant appeared to coat fibrils of collagen when dried and viewed in the electron microscope. Experimental evidence for the chemical reactivity of SSU with hippuryllysine under mild conditions was obtained by NMR. Besides serving as a probe for investigations, SSU might also be a model of a permanent leather lubricant requiring minimal amounts of material. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 88 IS 1 BP 12 EP 24 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MG291 UT WOS:A1993MG29100002 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, TG OKIE, WR NYCZEPIR, AP AF BECKMAN, TG OKIE, WR NYCZEPIR, AP TI USE OF CLONALLY REPLICATED SEEDLINGS IN FIELD SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE TO PEACH-TREE SHORT LIFE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; PRUNUS-PERSICA; ROOTSTOCK BREEDING ID CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; SOIL AB Clonally replicated peach seedlings [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] of Lovell, Nemaguard, and four F1 selections of Lovell x Nemared were tested for field survival on a peach tree short life site. Rootstock families differed in growth, survival, and longevity. Genetic variation was similar to environmental variation for most families. Based on seedling within rootstock family, estimated broad-sense heritabilities for survival and longevity were high. The use of clonally replicated seedlings allowed the selection of apparently superior individuals from both Lovell and the other more short-lived rootstock families in a single screening. RP BECKMAN, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 118 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KK040 UT WOS:A1993KK04000020 ER PT J AU ERB, WA DRAPER, AD SWARTZ, HJ AF ERB, WA DRAPER, AD SWARTZ, HJ TI RELATION BETWEEN MOISTURE STRESS AND MINERAL SOIL TOLERANCE IN BLUEBERRIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-ASHEI; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; VACCINIUM-DARROWI; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; FRUIT BREEDING; UPLAND SOIL; DROUGHT ID COMBINING ABILITY; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; IRRIGATION; PEATMOSS AB The relationship between moisture stress and mineral soil tolerance was studied by placing 10 blueberry (Vaccinium) clones in a Berryland sand soil high in organic matter (Berryland) and a Galestown sandy clay loam soil (Galestown) and subjecting them to one of two moisture regimes. The Berryland and Galestown soils represent an excellent blueberry soil and a mineral soil, respectively. A moderate degree of water stress influenced biomass partitioning in blueberries in a similar manner as stress induced by culture on mineral soil. Berryland control plants on Berryland partitioned more biomass into leaves and produced more dry matter and leaf area than plants on Galestown or those moisture stressed. Net assimilation rate and relative growth rate were not significantly different between soil or moisture treatments. The primary reason for the reduction in absolute growth rate due to soil type or moisture stress was a significantly lower leaf area duration on Galestown soil and in moisture stressed plants. Clones differed in instantaneous transpiration, leaf conductance, and apparent photosynthesis and the ability to partition biomass into various plant parts. By selecting for increased leafiness, a high photosynthetic rate, and a more energy efficient root system, improvement in mineral soil tolerance should be possible. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 118 IS 1 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KK040 UT WOS:A1993KK04000022 ER PT J AU BROWN, CR EDWARDS, CG YANG, CP DEAN, BB AF BROWN, CR EDWARDS, CG YANG, CP DEAN, BB TI ORANGE FLESH TRAIT IN POTATO - INHERITANCE AND CAROTENOID CONTENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; SOLANUM; XANTHOPHYLL; ZEAXANTHIN ID HPLC AB Potatoes with orange flesh were found in cultivated diploid (2n = 24) potato populations derived from Solanum stenotomum Juz. et Buk. and S. phureja Juz. et Buk. The orange flesh trait was found to be controlled by an allele at the Y-locus designated Or. Oris dominant over Y and y, which control yellow and white flesh, respectively. In a comparison of white and orange flesh segregants from crosses, the orange was associated with large amounts of zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll previously not reported as a constituent of potato flesh carotenoids. The combined total of lutein and zeaxanthin was four times higher than the highest carotenoid composition previously reported for potato, this is about one-sixth the total carotenoid content of carrot with standard carotenoid levels, although lutein and zeaxanthin do not possess provitamin A activity. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP BROWN, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,ROUTE 2 BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 118 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KK040 UT WOS:A1993KK04000025 ER PT J AU KINDRED, TP HUBBERT, WT AF KINDRED, TP HUBBERT, WT TI RESIDUE PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRACTITIONERS C1 USDA,DIV RESIDUE EVALUAT & PLANNING,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KF072 UT WOS:A1993KF07200006 PM 8420905 ER PT J AU BARR, BC CONRAD, PA BREITMEYER, R SVERLOW, K ANDERSON, ML REYNOLDS, J CHAUVET, AE DUBEY, JP ARDANS, AA AF BARR, BC CONRAD, PA BREITMEYER, R SVERLOW, K ANDERSON, ML REYNOLDS, J CHAUVET, AE DUBEY, JP ARDANS, AA TI CONGENITAL NEOSPORA INFECTION IN CALVES BORN FROM COWS THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY ABORTED NEOSPORA-INFECTED FETUSES - 4 CASES (1990-1992) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; ABORTION; CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; NEOSPORA SPP ID CYST-FORMING SPOROZOON; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DOGS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; TRANSMISSION; MYOSITIS; CANINUM AB Four dairy cows that had been successfully rebred following fetal Neospora infection and abortion were identified from 2 drylot dairies. All 4 cows had uncomplicated pregnancies with the birth of 5 full-term calves. The calves all had high precolostral serum IgG antibodies. The precolostral antibodies to Neospora sp as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody test ranged from 5,120 to 20,480, compared with maternal serum and colostral antibody titers from 320 to 1,280. Two calves had mild neurologic limb deficits. Three calves had mild nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and Neospora organisms were found in the CNS of 3 calves. Findings indicate that repeat transplacental Neospora infections occur in cows. Additionally, calves born from cows with a history of Neospora fetal infection and abortion may have congenital Neospora infections and/or neurologic dysfunctions at birth. The Neospora indirect fluorescent antibody test appears to be a useful antemortem test for detection of calves exposed in utero to Neospora organisms. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,ANIM HLTH BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 94271. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BARR, BC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 26 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 1 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KF072 UT WOS:A1993KF07200023 PM 8420896 ER PT J AU ENDO, BY AF ENDO, BY TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SUBVENTRAL GLAND SECRETORY GRANULES IN PARASITIC JUVENILES OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE, HETERODERA-GLYCINES SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE HETERODERA-GLYCINES; NEMATODA; SECRETORY GRANULES; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ESOPHAGEAL GLANDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Secretory granules of the subventral esophageal glands of Heterodera glycines showed considerable changes in morphology soon after penetration and following initiation of syncytia in soybean roots. Within 3 hr after inoculation, the moderately dense secretory granules, usually found in subventral gland cells and their extensions, became electron-transparent except for small electron-dense residues within the secretory granule membranes. In samples taken 18 hr after inoculation and beyond, subventral gland extensions of parasitic second- and third-stage juveniles contained small, electron-dense secretory granules. The subventral glands were also characterized by the presence of moderate to very large flocculate secretion bodies within a dense matrix of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus. The activity of the Golgi apparatus was directly related to the formation and accumulation of condensing vesicles that appeared to merge with each other to form the larger secretory granules occurring in the subventral glands of parasitic stages of the nematode. The large flocculate secretion bodies were observed as early as 10 hr after inoculation and contrasted with the dense cytoplasm of the subventral glands observed 6 days after inoculation. The synthesis, assembly, accumulation, and transport of secretory granules within the subventral glands of the soybean cyst nematode appeared to change during parasitism. RP ENDO, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1 BP 22 EP 34 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA KN931 UT WOS:A1993KN93100005 ER PT J AU ENDO, BY AF ENDO, BY TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CUTICULAR EXUDATES AND RELATED CUTICULAR CHANGES ON JUVENILES IN HETERODERA-GLYCINES SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE CUTICLE; CUTICULAR EXUDATIONS; EXUDATIONS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; LAYER AB Fibrillar exudates formed on the cuticle surface of parasitic Heterodera glycines second-stage juveniles (J2) during feeding on soybean roots. Accumulation of cuticular exudates was correlated with the fibrillar and porous nature of the epicuticle, exocuticle, and endocuticle. The apparent source of the exudates was the hypodermis, where coalesced secretory vesicles were assembled by Golgi bodies and transferred to the inner surface of the apical membrane of the hypodermis. Products of the secretory vesicles were apparently released into a secretion accumulation zone at the base of the endocuticle by some mechanism and then extruded through and onto the cuticle surface. Golgi bodies occurred in large expanded regions of the hypodermis, especially in the hypodermal cords, where prominent nuclei and other cellular components were located. During ecdysis of the J2 cuticle and early stages of third-stage juvenile (J3) cuticle formation, fine reticulate material accumulated at the secretory-excretory pore. Concurrently, moderately electron-dense material occurred in the invaginated cephalic region and in the space extending between the molted J2 cuticle and the entire J3 body. RP ENDO, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA KN931 UT WOS:A1993KN93100013 ER PT J AU WOODSON, WD GUSTIN, RD AF WOODSON, WD GUSTIN, RD TI LOW-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON HATCH OF WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM EGGS (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This study determined the rate of mortality in western corn rootworm eggs exposed to different low temperatures for up to 14 weeks. Eggs from a laboratory colony of the western corn rootworm were placed in the field in August to experience the same soil temperatures as feral eggs. In November they were brought into the laboratory and subjected to temperatures of 0, - 5, or - 7.5-degrees-C for specific durations. Percent egg hatch declined as temperature decreased and duration at reduced temperature increased. This relationship was described by the equation HATCH = 81.017 + 2.744.TP + 1.078.TP. TM (r2 = 0.823), where TP and TM denote exposure temperature and temperature duration, respectively. RP WOODSON, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1 BP 104 EP 107 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LP277 UT WOS:A1993LP27700013 ER PT J AU BATRA, SWT AF BATRA, SWT TI OPPORTUNISTIC BUMBLE BEES CONGREGATE TO FEED AT RARE, DISTANT ALPINE HONEYDEW BONANZAS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID BEHAVIOR; NECTAR AB Numerous Bombus terricola Kirby workers and males ingested crystallizing honeydew that had accumulated on balsam firs in the alpine tundra near the summit of Whiteface Mt., N.Y., during unusually warm, dry weather in July 1982 and 1991. Bumble bees may fly far to opportunistically exploit this rare, energy-rich resource. This has significant implications for optimal foraging theory. RP BATRA, SWT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LP277 UT WOS:A1993LP27700016 ER PT J AU SOLIS, MA AF SOLIS, MA TI A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND RECLASSIFICATION OF THE GENERA OF THE POCOCERA COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, EPIPASCHIINAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Based on a worldwide survey of representatives of epipaschiine genera, a monophyletic subset is identified and designated the Pococera complex. Its monophyly is defended by a prominent saccus in the male genitalia and a long, narrow ductus bursae in the female genitalia. The complex contains approximately 300 species that are restricted in distribution to the Western Hemisphere. This phylogenetic study of the complex establishes its monophyly, re-examines the genera included, establishes their monophyly, and estimates their relationships. The cladistic analysis is based on 22 taxa and 65 characters of the adult head, genitalia, and wings. Lacalma Janse and Macalla Walker are used as outgroups. The PHYSYS program generated three equally parsimonious trees with a length of 144 and consistency index 0.52. The stability of the estimated trees were tested with successive weighting and sequential removal of taxa. The tests showed the position of the root to be somewhat uncertain. Nevertheless, the topology of the estimated trees is shown to be stable in most manipulations despite the fact that most of the groupings are supported by very few characters. A taxonomic synopsis presents the results of the examination and the definition of the genera as monophyletic. Twenty-two genera of the Pococera complex are diagnosed and six new genera are described. Representatives of each genus are illustrated by line drawings and photographs. Larval host use patterns are briefly reviewed. A nomenclatural summary is provided, including taxa to be removed from the Epipaschiinae. RP SOLIS, MA (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1 BP 1 EP 83 PG 83 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KT590 UT WOS:A1993KT59000001 ER PT J AU NAKAHARA, S AF NAKAHARA, S TI NEW JUNIOR SYNONYMS OF FRANKLINIELLA-RETICULATA AND F-SIMPLEX (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Frankliniella brunnea Priesner, F. fuscipennis Moulton, F. inopinata Moulton, and F. tridacana Hood are junior synonyms of F. reticulata (Crawford), NEW SYNONYMY. The lectotype of F. adadusta Moulton is a junior synonym of F. simplex Priesner, NEW SYNONYMY, and the paralectotype is a different species, F. reticulata. RP NAKAHARA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KT590 UT WOS:A1993KT59000002 ER PT J AU MORRISON, WH AKIN, DE HIMMELSBACH, DS GAMBLE, GR AF MORRISON, WH AKIN, DE HIMMELSBACH, DS GAMBLE, GR TI INVESTIGATION OF THE ESTER-LINKED AND ETHER-LINKED PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS OF CELL-WALL TYPES OF NORMAL AND BROWN MIDRIB PEARL-MILLET USING CHEMICAL ISOLATION, MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE ESTER-LINKED; ETHER-LINKED; PHENOLICS; CELL WALL; PEARL MILLET; PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; C-13 NMR ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; ACID BRIDGES; INTERNODES; LIGNIN; BIODEGRADABILITY; DIGESTIBILITY; MUTANTS; PROTEIN; WHEAT AB The cell walls of rind, parenchyma and vascular bundle fractions of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) were isolated from two brown midrib mutants and their normal (N) near-isogeneic line. The walls were sequentially treated with 1 M NaOH at 25-degrees-C for 20 h to determine ester-linked phenolic acids and then with 4 M NaOH at 170-degrees-C for 2 h to determine ether-linked phenolic constituents. The untreated walls and their residues resulting from each treatment were analyzed by microspectrophotometry and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The amount of ester-linked p-coumaric acid was determined by chemical analysis and found to be two to six times higher in the N line with no difference among lines in ferulic acid content. Ether-linked ferulic acid was about 30 % higher in the rind in the N line and ether-linked p-coumaric acid was only slightly higher with the greatest difference found in the rind tissue. Microspectrophotometry of the untreated tissues showed absorption maxima at 232-238 nm, 288 292 nm and 312-324 nm. Treatment with 1 M NaOH generally reduced or eliminated the 312-324 nm absorption, with 4 M NaOH removing the remainder of the 288-292 nm absorption. C-13 NMR confirmed these reductions of aromatic functionalities by alkali treatments. The combination of techniques provides excellent correlation of two types of spectral data with chemical identification and quantitation and establishes that bmr mutants have less ester-linked p-coumaric acid and less ether-linked ferulic acid, thus providing a better understanding of the factors contributing to biodegradability. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1993 VL 63 IS 3 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740630311 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML535 UT WOS:A1993ML53500010 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE MORRISON, WH HIMMELSBACH, DS AF AKIN, DE MORRISON, WH HIMMELSBACH, DS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DIGESTION RESIDUES OF ALFALFA AND ORCHARDGRASS LEAVES BY MICROSCOPIC, SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; LIGHT MICROSCOPY; UV ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; NMR SPECTROSCOPY; GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTER-LINKED PHENOLIC ACIDS; ETHER-LINKED PHENOLIC ACIDS; GUAIACYL LIGNIN; SYRINGYL LIGNIN; P-COUMARIC ACID; FERULIC ACID ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; PARA-COUMAROYL; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; RUMEN; BIODEGRADABILITY; DEGRADATION; STEMS AB Leaflets of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) and leaf blade sections of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L) were digested for three consecutive incubation periods of 3 days each with rumen bacteria. Residues were then analyzed by the following methods: (i) scanning electron and light microscopy to define the botanical structures; (ii) ultraviolet absorption microspectrophotometry to characterize phenolic constituents within specific regions; (iii) NMR and mid-infrared spectroscopy to determine components, linkages, and functional groups: and (iv) gas-liquid chromatography for phenolic acids and lignin constituents after treatment with 1 M NaOH (25-degrees-C, 24 h) and 1 M NaOH followed by 4 M NaOH (170-degrees-C, 2 h). Alfalfa residue consisted of extensive amounts of cuticular sheets, a network of vascular bundles. and smaller portions of cuticle overlying lignified structures associated with major vascular bundles. Orchardgrass residue consisted of large and small vascular bundles, usually without the mestome sheath surrounding phloem. and small portions of cuticle. Alfalfa lignin was more condensed but had similar proportion of ether-linked phenolic acids compared with that of orchardgrass, while the grass lignin had substantially higher concentrations of ester-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids associated with a higher proportion of carbohydrates in the residue. Alfalfa had a higher fatty ester content, likely due to the large amount of cuticle in the residue, and protein, which likely was contained within the lignin. The results provide a detailed characterization of aromatics and linkages within the most recalcitrant tissues of plants and indicate variations between non-degradable residues of a legume and a grass. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1993 VL 63 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740630312 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML535 UT WOS:A1993ML53500011 ER PT J AU WILSON, JR MERTENS, DR HATFIELD, RD AF WILSON, JR MERTENS, DR HATFIELD, RD TI ISOLATES OF CELL-TYPES FROM SORGHUM STEMS - DIGESTION, CELL-WALL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM-BICOLOR; PLANT ANATOMY; CELL WALL CONTENT; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; CELL ISOLATES ID PLANT-PARTS; DIGESTIBILITY; PARENCHYMA; INVITRO; COMPONENTS; MESOPHYLL; FORAGES; TISSUE; KALE; LEAF AB Cell types were separated from internode 5 of sorghum stems to study the interrelationship between digestion characteristics and cell wall composition. Isolates of epidermis (EPI), sclerenchyma (SCL), vascular bundle zone (VBZ), inner vascular bundles (IVB) and pith parenchyma cells (PITH) were freeze-dried and ground for analysis. The cell fractions were digested in rumen fluid for times between 0 and 96 h, and wall composition measured using detergent extraction procedures. In-vitro dry matter digestibility (g kg-1 after 48 h) of cell fractions was in the order of PITH (849-906) > IVB (794-816) > SCL (692-701) > VBZ (641-679) > EPI (608-628). Total cell wall content (CWC), indigestible CWC, and lignin content followed the inverse order. Lignin concentration on a dry matter or cell wall basis was highly correlated with indigestible wall residue after 96 h. The proportion of cell wall digested after 96 h was higher for SCL and VBZ cells (61.8-68.2 %) than for PITH cells (48.4-56.1 %), despite the former having lignin content three to five times higher than that of PITH cells. Clearly, there were differences between the cell types in wall composition or chemical linkages between wall components that lead to the observed differences in wall digestion. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WILSON, JR (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,306 CARMODY RD,ST LUCIA 4069,QLD,AUSTRALIA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1993 VL 63 IS 4 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740630406 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML554 UT WOS:A1993ML55400005 ER PT J AU SENTER, SD PAYNE, JA KNIGHT, RJ AMIS, AA AF SENTER, SD PAYNE, JA KNIGHT, RJ AMIS, AA TI YIELD AND QUALITY OF JUICE FROM PASSION-FRUIT (PASSIFLORA-EDULIS), MAYPOPS (P-INCARNATA) AND TETRAPLOID PASSION-FRUIT HYBRIDS (P-EDULIS X P-INCARNATA) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE PASSIFLORA-EDULIS; P-INCARNATA; TETRAPLOID HYBRIDS; JUICE; YIELD; QUALITY; SUGARS; NONVOLATILE ACIDS; PH; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; TITRATABLE ACIDITY; MAYPOP; PASSION FRUIT AB Yield and properties of juice from purple and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), maypops (P incarnata) and tetraploid hybrids of P edulis and P incarnata were compared. Weight, proportion filled, number of seeds and yield of juice per fruit were lower in tetraploid hybrids than in P edulis. Acidity and soluble solids were highest in tetraploid hybrids and lowest in maypops. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, citric and malic acids were present in all samples. Fructose and glucose were the major sugars in passion fruit; sucrose was highest in tetraploid hybrids and maypops. Citric. the predominant acid in all samples. was highest in the yellow passion fruit followed by tetraploid hybrids and purple passion fruit. Malic acid was highest in purple-flowered maypop and lowest in white-flowered maypop. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. RP SENTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740620109 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LP860 UT WOS:A1993LP86000008 ER PT J AU DEETZ, DA JUNG, HJ HELM, RF HATFIELD, RD RALPH, J AF DEETZ, DA JUNG, HJ HELM, RF HATFIELD, RD RALPH, J TI IMPACT OF METHYL 5-O-(E)-FERULOYL-ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDE ON IN-VITRO DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE AND XYLAN SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE, XYLAN; CELL WALL; FERULIC ACID ESTER; ARABINOSE; METHYL 5-O-(E)-FERULOYL-ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDE ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; PHENOLIC MONOMERS; RUMEN BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; ESTERASE; FORAGES; ACIDS; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; METABOLISM AB The potential for inhibition of ruminal cell wall degradation by soluble phenolic acid-carbohydrate complexes was assessed using a synthetic molecule, methyl 5-O-(E)-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (FA-Ara). In-vitro 24 and 72 h degradabilities of glucose from microcrystalline cellulose, and neutral sugars and uronic acids of oat spelts xylan were determined. Treatments included 0 (Control), 15, 150, 1500, and 4500 mumol liter-1 of methyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (Me-Ara), FA-Ara, or ferulic acid (FA). Additions of 1500 and 4500 mumol liter-1 Me-Ara; 15 and 150 mumol liter-1 FA-Ara; as well as 4500 mumol liter-1 FA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased 24 h cellulose degradation. Arabinose degradation from xylan after 24 h was decreased (P < 0.05) by 1500 and 4500 mumol liter-1 concentrations of Me-Ara and FA-Ara. No inhibitory effects of added compounds on 72 h glucose, xylose, or arabinose degradability were observed. Very little FA-Ara remained intact after 24 h. Following 72 h, no added FA-Ara was detectable, suggesting extensive degradation by microbial feruloyl esterases. Extent of polysaccharide degradation, in vitro, was not limited by a soluble phenolic acid-carbohydrate compound, which accurately models a known cell wall complex. C1 USDA AGR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1993 VL 61 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740610407 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LM463 UT WOS:A1993LM46300006 ER PT J AU HYUN, SO VINYARD, BT BERTONIERE, NR TRASKMORRELL, BJ MOREAU, JP AF HYUN, SO VINYARD, BT BERTONIERE, NR TRASKMORRELL, BJ MOREAU, JP TI THERMOBONDED NONWOVEN FABRICS MADE FROM COTTON SYNTHETIC-FIBER BLENDS - PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID POLYPROPYLENE AB An investigation is described in which nonwoven fabrics were produced from 70/30 cotton/synthetic-fiber blends. They were thermobonded with a calender at different bonding temperatures but at constant nip pressure and production speed. All fabrics were made of the same bleached cotton fiber blended with 20 synthetic binder fibers. The mean fabric mass/unit area was approximately 60 g/m2. The fabrics were evaluated for nine physical properties. The data were analyzed by using nested analyses of variance, univariate-mean-comparison tests, a multiresponse optimization procedure, a canonical-discriminant analysis, a regression analysis, least-squares mean-comparison tests, and analyses of covariance. All physical properties showed significant differences between fabrics and between bonding temperatures for each fabric composition. The optimal bonding temperature for each fabric composition was dependent upon the binder-fiber type. Significantly different relationships between fabric thicknesses and bonding temperatures occurred among fabric compositions. Differences among the fabric compositions were measurable in fabrics made from blended cotton/bicomponent fibers and cotton/ biconstituent fibers. Relationships between machine and cross directions differed for breaking strength, elongation, and stiffness. These relationships also differed among fabric categories for breaking strength and stiffness. The best fabric for each physical property was related to the binder-fiber type. The more appropriate synthetic fibers for blending with cotton to produce the nonwoven fabrics with over-all optimum properties were: polypropylene fiber II, polypropylene fiber III, and bicomponent fiber III, made of 50/50 polyester-fiber core/polypropylene-fiber sheath. RP HYUN, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE INST INTL HEADQUARTERS PI MANCHESTER PA 10 BLACKFRIARS ST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND M3 5DR SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 1993 VL 84 IS 2 BP 237 EP 254 DI 10.1080/00405009308631266 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LN159 UT WOS:A1993LN15900010 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK MORRIS, NM AF ANDREWS, BAK MORRIS, NM TI ALKALI-METAL SALTS OF HYDROXY-ACIDS AS CATALYSTS IN DURABLE PRESS FINISHING WITH BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Article AB Alkali metal salts of hydroxy acids have been investigated as catalysts for esterification cross-linking of cotton with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid to produce cotton fabrics with smooth drying properties. Of the sodium salts of several acids studied, the sodium citrates produce fabrics with the best appearance properties. The sodium citrates serve both as donors of citric acid for cross-linking and of sodium ions for catalysis of the esterification of cotton cellulose by the two polycarboxylic adds. Although the use of citric acid as an extender for the more expensive butanetracarboxylic acid has been reported in non-formaldehyde finishing of cotton fabrics for smooth drying properties, the catalyst used was sodium hypophosphite. Comparisons are made between fabrics finished with the phosphorus-containing system and the butanetetracarboxylic acid/sodium citrate systems. Textile properties, fabric whiteness, effect of pad bath pH. and extent of esterification are discussed. RP ANDREWS, BAK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEXTILE INST INTL HEADQUARTERS PI MANCHESTER PA 10 BLACKFRIARS ST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND M3 5DR SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 1993 VL 84 IS 4 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1080/00405009308658994 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA NJ472 UT WOS:A1993NJ47200011 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK DUKE, SO TANAKA, T AF ABBAS, HK DUKE, SO TANAKA, T TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF FUMONISINS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; HOST-SPECIFIC TOXIN; MINOR-L DUCKWEED; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; AAL-TOXIN; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS FUMONISIN-B1 AB The fumonisins and AAL-toxin are related long-chain alkylamines with propane carboxylic acid moieties. The fumonisins, especially fumonisin B1 (FB1), were initially described as mammalian toxins; however, they are also potent phytotoxins. The fumonisins have a spectrum of susceptible plant species similar to that of AAL-toxin. The aminopentol derivatives of the B fumonisins are generally less toxic than the parent compounds, while the A series of fumonisins (acetylated forms) are essentially inactive. AAL-toxin was first thought to be host-specific for certain tomato cultivars, but now is known to affect many weed and crops species. Monocotyledonous species are less affected than dicotyledonous species. Tomatoes with the asc/asc genotype, jimsonweed, black nightshade, and duckweeds are the most susceptible species tested thus far. FB1 causes toxicity on contact with plant tissue and at sites distal from wounds, demonstrating xylem mobility. AAL-toxin is an important virulence factor for infection of certain susceptible tomato cultivars by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. Ultrastructural studies show that FB1 and AAL-toxin both cause rapid plasma membrane disruption. Both FB1 and AAL-toxin are thought to interfere with plasma membrane function through disruption of sphingolipid metabolism by inhibition of sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase), the same mechanism of toxicity as in animals. As in animals, high levels of ceramide synthase precursors accumulate in fumonisin- and AAL-toxin-treated plants. In addition, high concentrations of long chain sphingoid bases applied to plants cause phytotoxicity symptoms similar to those of fumonisins and AAL-toxin. Thus, the phytotoxicity of fumonisins and AAL-toxin are likely to be due to the accumulation of phytotoxic sphingolipid intermediates. C1 UBE IND LTD,UBE,JAPAN. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 118 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 225 EP 251 PG 27 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MH694 UT WOS:A1993MH69400002 ER PT J AU PENLAND, JG EBERHARDT, MJ AF PENLAND, JG EBERHARDT, MJ TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY BORON AND MAGNESIUM ON BRAIN-FUNCTION OF MATURE MALE AND FEMALE LONG-EVANS RATS SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BORON; MAGNESIUM; BRAIN FUNCTION; ELECTROCORTICOGRAM; ANIMAL; ADULT ID EEG AB The electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded from 74 mature (175-day-old) male and female Long-Evans rats following 75 days consumption of one of four diets resulting from the factorial combination of approximately 0 and 3 mug boron (B)/g diet crossed with 100 and 300 mug magnesium (Mg)/g diet. Effectiveness of the dietary manipulation was verified by the determination of femur mineral concentrations. Spectral analysis (with 1 Hz resolution) of the ECoG showed decreased amplitude in the higher (7-12 Hz) frequencies and increased proportion of total amplitude in the lower (4 and 5 Hz) frequencies in both the left and right hemispheres of rats fed the low B diets. Mg was not significantly related to brain electrical activity, and there were no significant interactions between B and Mg with respect to the ECoG measures. Results indicate that dietary B systematically influences brain electrical activity in mature rats and suggest that the principal effect of manipulating B intake is on the relative distribution of activity among frequencies. Thus, B may play an important role in the maintenance of brain activation. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP PENLAND, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LN611 UT WOS:A1993LN61100002 ER PT J AU STRIFFLER, JS POLANSKY, MM ANDERSON, RA AF STRIFFLER, JS POLANSKY, MM ANDERSON, RA TI DIETARY CHROMIUM ENHANCES INSULIN-SECRETION IN PERFUSED RAT PANCREAS SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DIETARY CHROMIUM; INSULIN SECRETION; PERFUSED PANCREAS; BETA-CELL; MINERAL NUTRITION ID SUPPLEMENTAL-CHROMIUM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLUCOSE; IMPAIRMENT; METABOLISM; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; GLUCAGON; RELEASE; HORMONE AB The effects of dietary chromium (Cr) on insulin secretion were compared in perfused pancreata from Cr-deficient ( - Cr, n = 5) and Cr-supplemented ( + Cr, n = 6) rats. Pancreata of overnight fasted animals were perfused after 21 weeks on a low Cr diet using single-pass technique with a 40-min glucose stimulus (13.9 mmole/L). First phase insulin release was 40-50% lower in pancreata from - Cr as compared to those of + Cr rats (P < .05). No differences in second phase insulin release were observed. These observations suggest that preservation of normal beta-cell glucose sensitivity may be a significant function of dietary chromium. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LN611 UT WOS:A1993LN61100004 ER PT J AU ALSTAD, AD SAHU, SP PEDERSEN, DD SAARI, DA KAWAOKA, Y WEBSTER, RG AF ALSTAD, AD SAHU, SP PEDERSEN, DD SAARI, DA KAWAOKA, Y WEBSTER, RG TI PATHOGENIC STUDIES AND ANTIGENIC AND SEQUENCE COMPARISONS OF A-EQUINE-ALASKA-1-91 (H3N8) INFLUENZA-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB An influenza virus, A/equine/Alaska/1/91 (H3N8), was isolated from horses from Alaska with an acute respiratory infection. Pathogenic and serologic studies revealed that this virus is similar to previously isolated equine H3N8 influenza viruses. Antigenic analyses utilizing hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition assays indicated an antigenic drift from the prototype equine H3N8 influenza virus, A/equine/Miami/1/63. Partial sequence analysis of the A/equine/Alaska influenza virus indicated that each of 8 gene sequences are of equine origin. RP ALSTAD, AD (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-29680, AI-08831, AI-29599] NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KM814 UT WOS:A1993KM81400002 PM 8466986 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF LEDET, AE OWENS, DL RICE, LG NELSON, HA OSWEILER, GD WILSON, TM AF ROSS, PF LEDET, AE OWENS, DL RICE, LG NELSON, HA OSWEILER, GD WILSON, TM TI EXPERIMENTAL EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA, TOXIC HEPATOSIS, AND ENCEPHALOPATHY CAUSED BY CORN NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WITH FUMONISINS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB A study to evaluate the effects of dietary fumonisin B1 was conducted using 6 ponies (4 test and 2 control). A ration naturally contaminated with fumonisin B1 was fed in 3 phases: 1) 44 ppm fumonisin B1, 2) less than 1 ppm fumonisin B1, and 3) 88 ppm fumonisin B1. All ponies were monitored daily, weighed weekly, and limit fed at a rate of 0.8% body weight plus hay. Feed intake was measured daily, and a serum chemistry panel was completed once or twice weekly. Four to 7 days after initiation of the trial (Phase 1), all 4 test ponies had decreased feed consumption, and selected serum chemistry parameters were markedly elevated. On day 9, 1 pony died acutely with mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. Another pony, euthanized on day 45, also had mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. The remaining 2 test ponies continued the 44 ppm fumonisin B1 diet for 98 days. Phase 2 consisted of a diet with <1 ppm fumonisin B1 for 120 days. During this phase, the serum chemistry values of the 2 ponies returned to normal. Following Phase 2, the 2 ponies were fed a diet containing 88 ppm fumonisin B1. After 75 days, 1 animal died of equine leukoencephalomalacia with mild hepatic necrosis. On day 78, the remaining pony was euthanized after showing distress; it also had leukoencephalomalacia and hepatic lesions. RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KM814 UT WOS:A1993KM81400014 PM 8466984 ER PT J AU LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL AF LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL TI EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED NONANTIBODY INHIBITORS OF ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS INVITRO ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP LAGER, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KM814 UT WOS:A1993KM81400018 PM 8385503 ER PT J AU HAGEBOCK, JM SCHLATER, LK FRERICHS, WM OLSON, DP AF HAGEBOCK, JM SCHLATER, LK FRERICHS, WM OLSON, DP TI SEROLOGIC RESPONSES TO THE MALLEIN TEST FOR GLANDERS IN SOLIPEDS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP HAGEBOCK, JM (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KM814 UT WOS:A1993KM81400020 PM 8466990 ER PT J AU CLARK, RK WHETSTONE, CA CASTRO, AE JORGENSEN, MM JENSEN, JF JESSUP, DA AF CLARK, RK WHETSTONE, CA CASTRO, AE JORGENSEN, MM JENSEN, JF JESSUP, DA TI RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS OF HERPESVIRUSES ISOLATED FROM 2 PENINSULAR BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS-CANADENSIS-CREMNOBATES) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HERPESVIRUS; INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE PATTERNS; BIGHORN SHEEP ID INFECTIOUS BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS; VIRAL-DNA; PATHOGENESIS; CALVES; GENOME; TYPE-1 AB In 1989, herpesviruses were isolated from nasal swabs taken from two peninsular bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis cremnobates) in the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, San Diego County, California (USA). Using restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) with Pst1 enzyme, each isolate was found to be similar to the Cooper strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). The REA patterns of the two herpesviruses from bighorn sheep were typical of either field strains or vaccine strains of IBRV commonly associated with cattle in the USA. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,DAVIS,CA 95616. CALIF STATE DEPT PARKS & RECREAT,RESOURCES AGCY,BORREGO SPRINGS,CA 92004. CALIF STATE DEPT FISH & GAME,WILDLIFE INVEST LAB,RESOURCES AGCY,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA 95819. RP CLARK, RK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KL119 UT WOS:A1993KL11900007 PM 8383254 ER PT J AU BROGDEN, KA CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD AF BROGDEN, KA CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD TI CILIA-ASSOCIATED RESPIRATORY BACILLUS IN WILD RATS IN CENTRAL IOWA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE CILIA-ASSOCIATED RESPIRATORY BACILLI; CAR BACILLUS; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; WILD RATS; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS ID FILAMENTOUS BACTERIUM; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; RABBITS AB Twenty-eight wild rats were live-trapped in central Iowa (USA) to estimate the prevalence of the cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus. Both light and electron microscopy were used to look for the Gram-negative, filamentous bacterium among cilia in tracheal and lung tissue sections. The organism was observed in the trachea of 20 rats with chronic respiratory disease and in the trachea of three of eight normal rats. Therefore, the organism appears to be common among wild rats in central Iowa. RP BROGDEN, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIMAL DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KL119 UT WOS:A1993KL11900019 PM 8445771 ER PT J AU HELM, RF RALPH, J AF HELM, RF RALPH, J TI STEREOSPECIFICITY FOR THE ZINC BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION OF ALPHA-ARYLOXY-BETA-HYDROXY KETONES SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-MODEL COMPOUNDS; ESTER CROSS-LINKS; STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTION; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; (+)-PINORESINOL; LIGNIFICATION; ALDEHYDES; EFFICIENT; GRASSES AB Several lignin model precursors have been submitted to zinc borohydride reductions and their resultant stereochemistries determined by NMR spectroscopy. Benzoyl carbonyls of alpha-aryloxy-beta-hydroxy systems were reduced without significant stereoselectivity to produce both threo and erythro isomers. However, protection of the beta-hydroxyl with either an acyl, alkyl, or silyl group and subsequent reduction gave erythro-specificities of up to 97%. A mechanism where competition for zinc cation complexation between the beta-hydroxyl and the alpha-aryloxy substituent is invoked to explain the observed results. Protection of the beta-hydroxyl prevents its complexation with the zinc cation; complexation occurs solely with the alpha-aryloxy substituent, affording the erythro-isomers. C1 USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-3813 EI 1532-2319 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1080/02773819308020536 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA MJ992 UT WOS:A1993MJ99200008 ER PT B AU EWERT, A HOLLENHORST, S AF EWERT, A HOLLENHORST, S BE Veal, AJ Jonson, P Cushman, G TI ADVENTURE TRAVEL - RISKY BUSINESS FOR A RISKY CUSTOMER SO LEISURE AND TOURISM: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress of the World-Leisure-and-Recreation-Association CY JUL 16-19, 1991 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP WORLD LEISURE & RECREAT ASSOC C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTRE LEISURE & TOURISM STUDIES PI LINDFIELD PA UTS, PO BOX 222, LINDFIELD NSW 2070, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86365-127-6 PY 1993 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA BC19K UT WOS:A1993BC19K00090 ER PT J AU SMITH, SM JOHNSON, PE LUKASKI, HC AF SMITH, SM JOHNSON, PE LUKASKI, HC TI IN-VITRO HEPATIC THYROID-HORMONE DEIODINATION IN IRON-DEFICIENT RATS - EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; 5'-DEIODINATION; THYROXINE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; REVERSE AB The effects of different dietary fats on thyroid indices were studied in weanling iron-deficient rats. Rats were fed one of five different diets (safflower oil with a casein protein source, safflower oil with defatted beef as the protein source, prime rib, beef tallow with casein and stearate with casein). Both dietary fat and iron status (adequate, CN; deficient, ID; or iron-deficient replete, ID-replete) had significant effects on body weight and hemoglobin concentrations. The tallow-fed animals weighed the least relative to animals fed the other fats; ID rats were smaller than CN rats. The tallow- and stearate-fed animals had the highest hemoglobin concentrations. Type of dietary fat affected plasma thyroxine (T4), but not plasma triiodothyronine (T3) or rate of deiodination of reverse T3 (rT3). Iron deficiency decreased plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 and increased in vitro hepatic rT3 deiodination, suggesting that the ID animals tend to metabolize thyroid hormones via deactivating pathways. The alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism associated with iron deficiency are reversible with iron repletion. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1993 VL 53 IS 8 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90268-8 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LR135 UT WOS:A1993LR13500001 PM 8350675 ER PT J AU BARB, CR BARRETT, JB RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR AF BARB, CR BARRETT, JB RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR TI N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE MODULATION OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AND GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION FROM PIG PITUITARY-CELLS IN CULTURE SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; AMINO-ACIDS; RHESUS-MONKEY; RAT; ESTRADIOL; STEROIDS; ABSENCE AB Administration of n-methyl-d,1-aspartate (NMA) to pigs in vivo increased GH and suppressed LH secretion. Cultures of anterior pituitary cells from pigs in the follicular phase (FOL; n=3) and luteal phase (LUT; n=3) of the estrous cycle, and ovariectomized (OVX; n=10) pigs were treated with NMA (10(-4), 10(-6) or 10(-8) M) or the NMA antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5; 10(-4), 10(-6) or 10(-8) M), to determine if NMA affects the pituitary directly. secreted LH and GH were measured at 4 h after treatment. Basal LH and GH secretion (control; C) were 1.1 +/- 0.6, 4.4 +/- 2.1 and 5.6 +/- 1.3 ng/well and 5.2 +/- 1.2, 7.5 +/- 1.2 and 5.2 +/- 1.7 ng/well for FOL, LUT and OVX, respectively. Relative to C, 10(-4) M NMA increased (P<0.001) LH secretion 2.4-, 2.2- and 5.1-fold in FOL, LUT and OVX cultures, respectively. The effect of 10(-4) M NMA was inhibited by 10(-4) M AP5 (P<0.05) in FOL cultures, but not in OVX cultures. GnRH increased (P<0.001) LH levels 3.1-, 2.3- and 3.8-fold in FOL, LUT and OVX cultures, respectively. Relative to C, 10(-4), 10(-6) and 10(-8) M NMA increased (P<0.03) GH secretion 1.5-, 1.5-and 2.3-fold in LUT and 1.7-, 2.3- 2.0-fold in OVX cultures, respectively. AP5 alone or in combination with NMA failed to alter basal GH secretion. Growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) increased (P<0.03) GH secretion 1.9-, 2.5- and 2.6-fold in FOL, LUT and OVX cultures, respectively. Therefore, excitatory amino acids modulate LH and GH secretion directly at the pituitary, while this was not apparent in FOL cultures for GH. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1993 VL 53 IS 14 BP 1157 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90552-E PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LU783 UT WOS:A1993LU78300007 PM 8371629 ER PT J AU RAKOFF, H AF RAKOFF, H TI PREPARATION OF METHYL 5,11,14,17-EICOSATETRAENOATE-8,8,9,9-D4 SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC ISOMERS; LINOLEIC ACIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; ESTERS; TRIGLYCERIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLISM; HUMANS AB For studies of incorporation, elongation and desaturation of fats in humans and animals, methyl 5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoate-8,8,9,9-d4 was prepared by Wittig coupling, in the presence of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide, of 6,9,12-pentadecatrienal-3,3,4,4-d4 and 4-carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. The all-cis isomer was separated from trans isomers and other impurities by silver resin chromatography. Location and configuration of the double bonds and deuterium atoms were affirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. RP RAKOFF, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1007/BF02536359 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KK966 UT WOS:A1993KK96600009 PM 27519766 ER PT J AU DUNN, BS WELDON, PJ HOWARD, RW MCDANIEL, CA AF DUNN, BS WELDON, PJ HOWARD, RW MCDANIEL, CA TI LIPIDS FROM THE PARACLOACAL GLANDS OF THE CHINESE ALLIGATOR (ALLIGATOR-SINENSIS) SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID DIMETHYL DISULFIDE DERIVATIVES; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-BOND; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; SECRETIONS; POSITION AB Lipids from the paracloacal glands of adult Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Acetates, aliphatic alcohols, free fatty acids and waxes consisting primarily of hexadecanoates were indicated in the secretions of males and females. Cholesterol, a diterpene hydrocarbon, and a diterpene ketone were detected in secretions of males but not in those of females. Lipids identified in the paracloacal secretions of A. sinensis are compared with those reported from the American alligator and other crocodilians. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT BIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT HERPETOL,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. USDA ARS,NATL GRAIN MARKETING RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. FORESTRY SCI LAB,SOUTHERN FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF02536366 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KK966 UT WOS:A1993KK96600016 PM 27519768 ER PT B AU KORTHALS, RL HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA AF KORTHALS, RL HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA BE Collins, E Boon, C TI EVALUATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS AS A TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF SWINE ENVIRONMENTS SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT IV SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Livestock Environment CY JUL 06-09, 1993 CL UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND HO UNIV WARWICK DE NEURAL NETWORKS; SWINE; FEEDING; TEMPERATURE C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-41-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 3 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BC59J UT WOS:A1993BC59J00011 ER PT B AU NIENABER, JA HAHN, GL KORTHALS, RL MCDONALD, TP AF NIENABER, JA HAHN, GL KORTHALS, RL MCDONALD, TP BE Collins, E Boon, C TI EATING BEHAVIOR OF SWINE AS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT IV SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Livestock Environment CY JUL 06-09, 1993 CL UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND HO UNIV WARWICK DE FEED INTAKE; CONSUMPTION; MEAL; HEAT; COLD; THRESHOLD C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-41-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 3 BP 937 EP 944 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BC59J UT WOS:A1993BC59J00128 ER PT B AU PORDESIMO, LO HARRIS, DL NIENABER, JA HAHN, GL KORTHALS, RL AF PORDESIMO, LO HARRIS, DL NIENABER, JA HAHN, GL KORTHALS, RL BE Collins, E Boon, C TI INTEGRATING HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IN THE SIMULATION OF PORK PRODUCTION SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT IV SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Livestock Environment CY JUL 06-09, 1993 CL UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND HO UNIV WARWICK DE SIMULATION; PORK PRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS; HOUSING FACTORS C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-41-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 3 BP 945 EP 956 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BC59J UT WOS:A1993BC59J00129 ER PT B AU HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA EIGENBERG, RA AF HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA EIGENBERG, RA BE Collins, E Boon, C TI ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE DYNAMICS OF THERMOREGULATION AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN CATTLE AND SWINE SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT IV SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Livestock Environment CY JUL 06-09, 1993 CL UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND HO UNIV WARWICK DE THERMOREGULATION; THERMAL STRESS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; THRESHOLD LIMITS; DYNAMIC MODELING; ENERGETICS; ACCLIMATION; FRACTALS C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BIOL ENGN RES UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-41-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1116 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BC59J UT WOS:A1993BC59J00150 ER PT B AU GRUNES, DL OHNO, T HUANG, JW KOCHIAN, LV AF GRUNES, DL OHNO, T HUANG, JW KOCHIAN, LV BE Golf, S Dralle, D Vecchiet, L TI EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM ON MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND POTASSIUM IN WHEAT FORAGES SO MAGNESIUM 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium of Gesellschaft-fur-Magnesiumforschung: Magnesium 1993 CY SEP 21-23, 1992 CL GIESSEN, GERMANY SP GESELL MAGNESIUMFORSCH C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY & CO PI LONDON PA 13 SMITHS YARD, SUMMERLEY ST, LONDON, ENGLAND SW18 4HR BN 0-86196-360-1 PY 1993 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BA72Q UT WOS:A1993BA72Q00009 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, DJ KENT, B ALWARD, G GONZALEZVICENTE, C AF SHIELDS, DJ KENT, B ALWARD, G GONZALEZVICENTE, C BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ECOLOGICAL INDEXES FOR NATURAL-RESOURCE SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00003 ER PT B AU AGUILAR, R FRESQUEZ, PR LOFTIN, SR AF AGUILAR, R FRESQUEZ, PR LOFTIN, SR BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI DESERTIFICATION OF SOUTHWESTERN RANGELANDS AND REHABILITATION USING MUNICIPAL SEWAGE-SLUDGE SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00005 ER PT J AU SHAW, CG HAWKSWORTH, FG BENNETT, D SANCHEZMARTINEZ, G TKACZ, BM AF SHAW, CG HAWKSWORTH, FG BENNETT, D SANCHEZMARTINEZ, G TKACZ, BM BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI DISEASES AND INSECTS OF PINE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN FORESTS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND NORTHERN MEXICO SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 36 EP 50 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00006 ER PT J AU FOX, DG DECOURSEY, DG WATTS, RD WALLACE, WW WOODMANSEE, RG AF FOX, DG DECOURSEY, DG WATTS, RD WALLACE, WW WOODMANSEE, RG BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI GLOBAL CHANGE, EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00007 ER PT J AU LENNAHAN, CB AF LENNAHAN, CB BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI IS SUSTAINABILITY SYNONYMOUS WITH SUSTAINED YIELD ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LANDS SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 USDA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,DENVER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00012 ER PT B AU DEVILBISS, JM PRESTON, MF SIVERTS, LE AF DEVILBISS, JM PRESTON, MF SIVERTS, LE BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL-AREAS - BALANCING ECONOMICS AND ECOLOGY IN RURAL ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT REG,LAKEWOOD,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00019 ER PT J AU MCCOLLUM, DW ALWARD, GS WINTER, SA AF MCCOLLUM, DW ALWARD, GS WINTER, SA BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI ACCOUNTING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT - A CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 150 EP 157 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00021 ER PT J AU AGUIRREBRAVO, C HUEBNER, AE WINTER, SA AF AGUIRREBRAVO, C HUEBNER, AE WINTER, SA BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI COLLISIONS OF ALTERNATIVE CULTURAL VISIONS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00022 ER PT J AU BETANCOURT, JIS MEDINA, AL AF BETANCOURT, JIS MEDINA, AL BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI MANAGEMENT OF YUCCA-SCHIDIGERA POPULATIONS AS A SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA Spanish DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXP STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 164 EP 171 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00023 ER PT J AU GOTTFRIED, GJ FFOLLIOTT, PF AF GOTTFRIED, GJ FFOLLIOTT, PF BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI SILVICULTURAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR SUSTAINED PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN PINYON-JUNIPER AND ENCINAL WOODLANDS SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00027 ER PT J AU KOONCE, AL PAYSEN, TE TAYLOR, E AF KOONCE, AL PAYSEN, TE TAYLOR, E BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI FIRE IN THE TROPICAL PINE FORESTS OF NORTHEASTERN NICARAGUA SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,PRESCRIBED FIRE RES UNIT,FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 193 EP 195 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00028 ER PT J AU FINCH, DM MARSHALL, RM AF FINCH, DM MARSHALL, RM BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI A MEXICO UNITED-STATES PROGRAM FOR TECHNICAL EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON SUSTAINING MIGRATORY BIRD POPULATIONS SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00032 ER PT J AU BUMSTEAD, JS AF BUMSTEAD, JS BE Manzanilla, H Shaw, D AquirreBravo, C Gutierrez, LI Hamre, RH TI SOUTHWEST REGION AND ARIZONA-STATE-UNIVERSITY PRO-ACTIVE RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT SO MAKING SUSTAINABILITY OPERATIONAL: FOURTH MEXICO/U.S. SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexico/US Symposium on Making Sustainability Operational CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP INST NACL INVESTIGAC FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS, SECRETARIA AGR & RECURSOS HIDRAULICOS, USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, USDA, FOREST SERV, SW REG C1 US FOREST SERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 240 BP 222 EP 225 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BB10S UT WOS:A1993BB10S00033 ER PT J AU SARMIENTO, UM SARMIENTO, JI LUNNEY, JK RISHI, SS AF SARMIENTO, UM SARMIENTO, JI LUNNEY, JK RISHI, SS TI MAPPING OF THE PORCINE-ALPHA INTERFERON (IFNA) GENE TO CHROMOSOME-1 BY FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Note ID PIG C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND AGR EXPT STN,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL VET MED,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 DI 10.1007/BF00364668 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KG322 UT WOS:A1993KG32200013 PM 8422506 ER PT J AU SARMIENTO, UM SARMIENTO, JI LUNNEY, JK RISHI, SS AF SARMIENTO, UM SARMIENTO, JI LUNNEY, JK RISHI, SS TI MAPPING OF THE PORCINE SLA CLASS-I GENE (PD1A) AND THE ASSOCIATED REPETITIVE ELEMENT (C-11) BY FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Note ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CHROMOSOME-7; ASSIGNMENT; PIG C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND AGR EXPT STN,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL VET MED,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 64 EP 65 DI 10.1007/BF00364669 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KG322 UT WOS:A1993KG32200014 PM 8422507 ER PT J AU SALINAS, J LANGSENKAMP, B AF SALINAS, J LANGSENKAMP, B BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00001 ER PT J AU DAHMS, C AF DAHMS, C BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ECOSYST MANAGEMENT INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00003 ER PT J AU SHAW, DW AF SHAW, DW BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI PINYON-JUNIPER INITIATIVE IN THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00004 ER PT J AU HENSON, L AF HENSON, L BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI THE FOREST SERVICES PINYON-JUNIPER INITIATIVE FOR THE SOUTHWEST SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00008 ER EF