FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU HUANG, JW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HUANG, JW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON CALCIUM (CA-45(2+)) TRANSLOCATION IN ALUMINUM-TOLERANT AND ALUMINUM-SENSITIVE WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) CULTIVARS - DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF THE ROOT APEX VERSUS MATURE ROOT REGIONS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTICAL CELL FLUXES; ALLIUM-CEPA L; BARLEY ROOT; TRANSPORT; TOXICITY; STELE; IONS; CALMODULIN; SEGMENTS AB The influence of Al exposure on long-distance Ca2+ translocation from specific root zones (root apex or mature root) to the shoot was studied in intact seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66). Seedlings were grown in 100 mum CaCl2 solution (pH 4.5) for 3 d. Subsequently, a divided chamber technique using Ca-45(2+)-labeled solutions (100 mum CaCl2 With or without 5 or 20 mum AlCl3, pH 4.5) was used to study Ca2+ translocation from either the terminal 5 to 10 mm of the root or a 10-mm region of intact root approximately 50 mm behind the root apex. The Al concentrations used, which were toxic to Scout 66, caused a significant inhibition of Ca2+ translocation from the apical region of Scout 66 roots. The same Al exposures had a much smaller effect on root apical Ca2+ translocation in Atlas 66. When a 10-mm region of the mature root was exposed to Ca-45(2+), smaller genotypic differences in the Al effects on Ca2+ translocation were observed, because the degree of Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation was less than that at the root apex. Exposure of the root apex to Al inhibited root elongation by 70 to 99% in Scout 66 but had a lesser effect (less than 40% inhibition) in Atlas 66. When a mature root region was exposed to Al, root elongation was not significantly affected in either cultivar. These results demonstrate that genotypic differences in Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation and root growth are localized primarily in the root apex. The pattern of Ca2+ translocation within the intact root was mainly basipetal, with most of the absorbed Ca2+ translocated toward the shoot. A small amount of acropetal Ca2+ translocation from the mature root regions to the apex was also observed, which accounted for less than 5% of the total Ca2+ translocation within the entire root. Because Ca2+ translocation toward the root apex is limited, most of the Ca2+ needed for normal cellular function in the apex must be absorbed from the external solution. Thus, continuous Al disruption of Ca2+ absorption into cells of the root apex could alter Ca2+ nutrition and homeostasis in these cells and could play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of Al toxicity in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD760 UT WOS:A1993LD76000011 ER PT J AU METZGER, JD MANSAGER, ER AF METZGER, JD MANSAGER, ER TI INDUCTION OF FREEZE TOLERANCE IN ROOTS OF LEAFY SPURGE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000470 ER PT J AU SICHER, RC KREMER, DF RODERMEL, SR AF SICHER, RC KREMER, DF RODERMEL, SR TI ROLE OF RUBISCO DURING ACCLIMATION OF TRANSFORMED TOBACCO TO CO2 ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000489 ER PT J AU MAHAN, JR OLIVER, MI AF MAHAN, JR OLIVER, MI TI NITROGEN-METABOLISM DURING DESICCATION AND HYDRATION IN A DESICCATION TOLERANT MOSS (TORTULA-RURALIS) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000492 ER PT J AU PLATT, KA OLIVER, M THOMSON, WW AF PLATT, KA OLIVER, M THOMSON, WW TI MEMBRANES AND ORGANELLES OF DEHYDRATED SELAGINELLA AND TORTULA RETAIN THEIR NORMAL CONFIGURATION AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY - FREEZE-FRACTURE EVIDENCE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,S PLAINS AREA CROP SYS RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000497 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, JC VAUGHN, KC MULLINS, JM AF HOFFMAN, JC VAUGHN, KC MULLINS, JM TI ANTIBODIES THAT RECOGNIZE ANIMAL CENTROSOMES AND THE NUCLEAR SCAFFOLD RECOGNIZE SIMILAR STRUCTURES IN PLANT-CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000499 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, KC SHERMAN, TD HOFFMAN, JC AF VAUGHN, KC SHERMAN, TD HOFFMAN, JC TI USING LOWER LAND PLANTS TO DETECT SITES OF ACTION OF MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER DISRUPTERS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000500 ER PT J AU SETTLAGE, SB WILSON, RF AF SETTLAGE, SB WILSON, RF TI TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF SOYBEAN OIL BODIES IS ATTRIBUTED TO ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27607. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27607. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000513 ER PT J AU GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M MAKAPUGAY, MI STAFFORD, A FULLER, G AF GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M MAKAPUGAY, MI STAFFORD, A FULLER, G TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LINOLENATE-REQUIRING MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA-CRASSA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000517 ER PT J AU SCOTT, W AF SCOTT, W TI DISTRIBUTION OF SUNFLOWER LIPOXYGENASES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000519 ER PT J AU MOREAU, RA POWELL, MJ BAILEY, BA WHITAKER, BD NORMAN, HA ANDERSON, JD AF MOREAU, RA POWELL, MJ BAILEY, BA WHITAKER, BD NORMAN, HA ANDERSON, JD TI XYLANASE TREATMENT OF PLANT-CELLS INDUCES GLYCOSYLATION AND FATTY ACYLATION OF PHYTOSTEROLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NAA EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROP QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BA,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 95 EP 95 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000528 ER PT J AU LU, O WU, SC KRIZ, AL HARPER, JE AF LU, O WU, SC KRIZ, AL HARPER, JE TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. DEKALB PLANT GENET,MYSTIC,CT. USDA,ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000567 ER PT J AU CHENG, Y MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF AF CHENG, Y MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF TI METHIONINE-INDUCED STABILIZATION OF BOWMAN-BIRK PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR MESSENGER-RNA IN CULTURED SOYBEAN SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000583 ER PT J AU HSU, AF LEE, D TU, SI AF HSU, AF LEE, D TU, SI TI DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION OF CORN ROOT TONOPLAST ATPASE BY DANSYL CHLORIDE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000586 ER PT J AU SHAFF, JE LUCAS, WJ KOCHIAN, LV AF SHAFF, JE LUCAS, WJ KOCHIAN, LV TI EVIDENCE FOR COMMON TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS FOR K+ AND NH-4+ ABSORPTION IN MAIZE ROOTS - AN INVESTIGATION UTILIZING EXTRACELLULAR VIBRATING K+ AND NH-4+ MICROELECTRODES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,BOT SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000595 ER PT J AU CHIOU, TJ BUSH, DR AF CHIOU, TJ BUSH, DR TI MOLECULAR-CLONING OF 3 SUGAR TRANSPORTERS FROM SUGAR-BEET LEAF TISSUE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000601 ER PT J AU DITOMASO, JM HART, JJ KOCHIAN, LV AF DITOMASO, JM HART, JJ KOCHIAN, LV TI COMPARTMENTATION ANALYSIS OF PARAQUAT FLUXES IN MAIZE ROOTS AS A MEANS OF ESTIMATING THE RATE OF VACUOLAR ACCUMULATION AND TRANSLOCATION TO SHOOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000604 ER PT J AU HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM KOCHIAN, LV AF HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM KOCHIAN, LV TI PARAQUAT TRANSPORT IN PROTOPLASTS FROM MAIZE SUSPENSION CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000603 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D OTTO, J TU, SI AF BRAUER, D OTTO, J TU, SI TI USE OF BCECF TO MONITOR VACUOLAR PH INSITU BY FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IN MAIZE ROOT-TIPS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000614 ER PT J AU GUSTINE, DL SHERWOOD, RT AF GUSTINE, DL SHERWOOD, RT TI A SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATION OF THE HR2 HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION ELICITOR FROM PSEUDOMONAS-CORRUGATA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US PASTURE LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000630 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, AT REVEAR, L AF HOTCHKISS, AT REVEAR, L TI SUBSTRATE DEPOLYMERIZATION PATTERN OF PECTATE LYASE PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIFLAVA SF-312 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000633 ER PT J AU SAMAC, DA SHAH, DM AF SAMAC, DA SHAH, DM TI INCREASED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ARABIDOPSIS PLANTS EXPRESSING CHITINASE ANTISENSE RNA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RI Shah, Dilip/M-2850-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000635 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC WICKLOW, DT GARDNER, HW AF DOEHLERT, DC WICKLOW, DT GARDNER, HW TI EVIDENCE IMPLICATING THE LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY IN PROVIDING RESISTANCE IN SOYBEANS TO ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND AFLATOXIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAVR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NCAVR,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000639 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RW DYBING, CD AF RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RW DYBING, CD TI COMPARISON OF WHEAT LEAF SENESCENCE INDUCED BY APHID DAMAGE AND DARKNESS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP & ENTOMOL RES UNIT,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000641 ER PT J AU TOBIAS, RB CONWAY, WS AF TOBIAS, RB CONWAY, WS TI INVITRO AND INVIVO ISOZYMES OF POLYGALACTURONASE IN FUNGAL-INFECTED APPLE FRUIT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC WEST,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000636 ER PT J AU BAILEY, BA AYNI, A ANDERSON, JD AF BAILEY, BA AYNI, A ANDERSON, JD TI THE INFLUENCE OF ETHYLENE ON INDUCTION OF ACC SYNTHASE AND ACC OXIDASE IN NICOTIANA-TABACUM CV XANTHI BY AN ETHYLENE INDUCING XYLANASE FROM TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000644 ER PT J AU MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ GODSHALL, MA ROBERTS, E AF MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ GODSHALL, MA ROBERTS, E TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF AFLATOXIN INHIBITORS FROM COTTON SEEDCOATS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. SPRI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000645 ER PT J AU NAGAHASHI, G DONER, LW ABNEY, GD AF NAGAHASHI, G DONER, LW ABNEY, GD TI PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS ASSOCIATED WITH CELL-WALLS OF CULTURED ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000642 ER PT J AU MCKEON, TA LYMAN, ML PRESTAMO, G LIAO, G AF MCKEON, TA LYMAN, ML PRESTAMO, G LIAO, G TI CALMODULIN ISOFORMS FROM TOMATO FRUIT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000649 ER PT J AU VANDERWOUDE, WJ AF VANDERWOUDE, WJ TI EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF LABILE PHYTOCHROME IN THE HIGH IRRADIANCE RESPONSE-INHIBITION OF GERMINATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000663 ER PT J AU REGER, BJ CHAUBAL, R PRESSEY, R AF REGER, BJ CHAUBAL, R PRESSEY, R TI CHEMOTROPISM BY PEARL-MILLET POLLEN TUBES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000682 ER PT J AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME TI HIGH NUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN LEAVES OF DEFRUITED SOYBEAN PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000689 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, TD VAUGHN, KC HALL, JC AF SHERMAN, TD VAUGHN, KC HALL, JC TI STRUCTURAL STUDIES AND CROSS-RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF A PICLORAM-RESISTANT WILD MUSTARD (SINAPIS-ARVENSIS L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT ENVIRONM BIOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000688 ER PT J AU RIED, JL WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF RIED, JL WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI GROUP-3 LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT PROTEINS IN DESICCATION-TOLERANT SEEDLINGS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; MESSENGER-RNA; SEQUENCE; EMBRYOS; MATURATION; EXPRESSION; CLONING; STRESS; GENES; ABA AB Dormant seeds and young seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerate desiccation. A transcript expressed in this desiccation-tolerant tissue has been cloned and sequenced (J. Curry, C.F. Morris, M.K. Walker-Simmons [1991] Plant Mol Biol 16: 1073-1076). This wheat cDNA clone encodes a protein that is homologous to other group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. In this report, we describe the production of polyclonal antibodies to the protein product of the cDNA clone and assess group 3 LEA protein levels in desiccation-tolerant tissue. The group 3 LEA antibodies detected four major proteins in wheat with molecular masses from 27 to 30.5 kD. The genes for these proteins mapped to wheat chromosomes 1A, 1B, and ID. The group 3 LEA proteins were present in mature seed embryos and were maintained when growth-arrested, dormant seeds were hydrated for 111 h. However, in germinating seeds the group 3 LEA proteins declined and were no longer detectable by 111 h. We severely dehydrated seedlings (more than 90% water loss) to assess group 3 LEA transcript and protein accumulation in tissues of these desiccation-tolerant plants. In response to dehydration, abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased dramatically and group 3 LEA mRNAs were induced in root, shoot, and scutellar tissue. However, group 3 LEA proteins were detected only in shoot and scutellar tissue and not in root tissue. Treatment of nonstressed seedlings with 20 mum ABA resulted in low levels of group 3 LEA proteins in the roots, whereas higher levels were found in the shoot and scutellar tissue. When dehydrated seedlings were rehydrated, shoot and scutellar tissue resumed growth. The roots did not resume growth and subsequently died. New roots developed later from the scutellar tissue. Thus, in severely dehydrated wheat seedlings, the accumulation of high levels of group 3 LEA proteins is correlated with tissue dehydration tolerance. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 26 TC 76 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD760 UT WOS:A1993LD76000016 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, JM AF ROBINSON, JM TI NITROGEN LIMITATION OF SOYBEAN PLANTS PROMOTED INCREASED STARCH LEVELS AND DARK RESPIRATION RATES IN MATURE LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000712 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC DUKE, ER SMITH, LJ AF DOEHLERT, DC DUKE, ER SMITH, LJ TI EFFECTS OF NITROGEN NUTRITION ON GENE-EXPRESSION AND GRAIN FILL IN CULTURED ZEA-MAYS L KERNELS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000717 ER PT J AU REDINBAUGH, MG HUBER, SC HUBER, JLA CAMPBELL, WH AF REDINBAUGH, MG HUBER, SC HUBER, JLA CAMPBELL, WH TI COMPLEXITY OF NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY INHIBITION BY OKADAIC ACID - THE EFFECT ON TOTAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN MAIZE LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000724 ER PT J AU LI, N LIU, DR HAGENBEEK, D HUSSEIN, A HOSSAIN, A MATTOO, AK AF LI, N LIU, DR HAGENBEEK, D HUSSEIN, A HOSSAIN, A MATTOO, AK TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L) GENES ENCODING ACC SYNTHASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000748 ER PT J AU HARDING, SA SMIGOCKI, AC AF HARDING, SA SMIGOCKI, AC TI ANALYSIS OF CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE CDNAS FROM IPT-TRANSFORMED NICOTIANA-PLUMBAGINIFOLIA PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000752 ER PT J AU METZGER, JD BURN, J PEACOCK, WJ PEREZ, P DENNIS, ES AF METZGER, JD BURN, J PEACOCK, WJ PEREZ, P DENNIS, ES TI PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A LATE-FLOWERING TDNA-TAGGED MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RI Dennis, Elizabeth/A-6074-2008; Peacock, William /B-7139-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000750 ER PT J AU MUTHALIF, MM ROWLAND, LJ AF MUTHALIF, MM ROWLAND, LJ TI CHARACTERIZATION AND PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF CHILLING-REGULATED PROTEINS FROM FLORAL BUDS OF BLUEBERRY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000751 ER PT J AU SOWA, S CONNOR, KF ROOS, EE AF SOWA, S CONNOR, KF ROOS, EE TI BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES DURING POLLEN GERMINATION MEASURED INVIVO BY INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA,FS,FORESTRY SCI LAB,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000775 ER PT J AU BENNETT, JH BROWN, CS YORIO, NC OBENLAND, DM HEYENGA, AG LEWIS, NG AF BENNETT, JH BROWN, CS YORIO, NC OBENLAND, DM HEYENGA, AG LEWIS, NG TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION BY SUPER DWARF WHEAT PLANTS GROWN AT HIGH CO2 CONCENTRATIONS AND LOW-LIGHT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000783 ER PT J AU BURKEY, KO WELLS, R AF BURKEY, KO WELLS, R TI ACCLIMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO SHADE WITHIN A SOYBEAN CANOPY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000790 ER PT J AU DONAHUE, RA MICHLER, CH AF DONAHUE, RA MICHLER, CH TI EFFECT OF GLYPHOSATE ON CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN TRANSGENIC HYBRID POPLAR SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000803 ER PT J AU BRITZ, SJ KRIZEK, DT LEE, DR HARRIS, WG HUNGERFORD, WE BAILEY, WA AF BRITZ, SJ KRIZEK, DT LEE, DR HARRIS, WG HUNGERFORD, WE BAILEY, WA TI SOYBEAN GROWTH UNDER MICROWAVE-POWERED LAMPS, HIGH-IRRADIANCE-DISCHARGE LAMPS, OR SOLAR-RADIATION AT AMBIENT OR ELEVATED CO2 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000807 ER PT J AU KRIZEK, DT MIRECKI, RM BRITZ, SJ HARRIS, WG THIMIJAN, RW AF KRIZEK, DT MIRECKI, RM BRITZ, SJ HARRIS, WG THIMIJAN, RW TI USE OF MICROWAVE-POWERED LAMPS AS A NEW HIGH-INTENSITY LIGHTING SOURCE IN PLANT-GROWTH CHAMBERS - SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000808 ER PT J AU ESAU, BD SNYDER, GW PORTIS, AR OGREN, WL AF ESAU, BD SNYDER, GW PORTIS, AR OGREN, WL TI IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDUES CONTROLLING SUBSTRATE PREFERENCE IN RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000815 ER PT J AU KALLIS, R OGREN, W AF KALLIS, R OGREN, W TI PCR GENERATED MUTANTS AT AN ATP BINDING-SITE IN ARABIDOPSIS RUBISCO ACTIVASE CDNA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000814 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME RAJAGOPALAN, K SIEVERT, G HALEY, BE AF SALVUCCI, ME RAJAGOPALAN, K SIEVERT, G HALEY, BE TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE ATP GAMMA-PHOSPHATE BINDING DOMAIN OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PARASIT DIS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000813 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RW SALVUCCI, ME HUBER, SC AF MCMICHAEL, RW SALVUCCI, ME HUBER, SC TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAJOR REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE IN SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000835 ER PT J AU HOLAPPA, LD WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF HOLAPPA, LD WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CDNA AND GENOMIC CLONES ENCODING A WATER STRESS-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-KINASE FROM WHEAT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000844 ER PT J AU CORTES, PM AF CORTES, PM TI DEPENDENCE OF ROOT CORTICAL INTRACELLULAR ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ON PLANT WATER STATUS IN SUNFLOWER SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000875 ER PT J AU TOMLINSON, PT ARMENTROUT, RA AF TOMLINSON, PT ARMENTROUT, RA TI STARCH STORAGE AND UTILIZATION IN ROOTS OF NORTHERN RED OAK SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000874 ER PT J AU GRUSAK, MA AF GRUSAK, MA TI INFLUENCE OF SHOOT AND SEED IRON DEMAND ON WHOLE ROOT-SYSTEM IRON REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY IN PEA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000883 ER PT J AU ARTLIP, TS SETTER, TL MADISON, JT AF ARTLIP, TS SETTER, TL MADISON, JT TI WATER DEFICIT AFFECTS BETA-TUBULIN IN DEVELOPING MAIZE ENDOSPERMS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000891 ER PT J AU SETTER, TL MADISON, JT FLANNIGAN, BA AF SETTER, TL MADISON, JT FLANNIGAN, BA TI EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT ON EXPRESSION OF CELL DIVISION-RELATED MESSENGER-RNAS IN MAIZE ENDOSPERM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000903 ER PT J AU ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ AF ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BLUE-LIGHT AND UV-B RADIATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000915 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JF ALLAN, DL VANCE, CP AF JOHNSON, JF ALLAN, DL VANCE, CP TI METABOLIC CHANGES IN P-STRESS INDUCED PROTEOID ROOTS OF LUPIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000922 ER PT J AU FISCUS, EL BOOKER, FL AF FISCUS, EL BOOKER, FL TI ELASTIC TISSUE EXPANSION WORK SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27606. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000924 ER PT J AU RUTTY, TW LAZOF, DB MACKOWN, CT CARTER, TE AF RUTTY, TW LAZOF, DB MACKOWN, CT CARTER, TE TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON (NO3-)-N-15 UPTAKE AND REDUCTION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000929 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, LE HOWELL, SH KOCHIAN, LV AF ARMSTRONG, LE HOWELL, SH KOCHIAN, LV TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINUM RESISTANT MUTANTS IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000931 ER PT J AU LAZOF, DB GOLDSMITH, JG RUFTY, TW LINTON, RW AF LAZOF, DB GOLDSMITH, JG RUFTY, TW LINTON, RW TI MICROANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF INTRACELLULAR ALUMINUM ADSORPTION IN SOYBEAN ROOTS USING SECONDARY-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,OXFORD,NC 27565. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000930 ER PT J AU MARENTES, E SHELP, FJ VANDERPOOL, RA SPIERS, G AF MARENTES, E SHELP, FJ VANDERPOOL, RA SPIERS, G TI BORON RETRANSLOCATION IN BROCCOLI SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT HORT SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT LAND RES SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000946 ER PT J AU HUNTER, WJ AF HUNTER, WJ TI CARBON-DIOXIDE PRODUCTION BY DECOMPOSING WHEAT RESIDUE INOCULATED WITH STREPTOMYCES-GRISEOVIRIDIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89001000 ER PT J AU PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB AF PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB TI EFFECTS OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT ON COTTON ROOT MORPHOLOGY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000998 ER PT J AU ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA RUNION, GB AF ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA RUNION, GB TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ON SOYBEAN AND SORGHUM ROOT-GROWTH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000999 ER PT J AU SKADSEN, RW AF SKADSEN, RW TI ALEURONES FROM A BARLEY WITH LOW ALPHA-AMYLASE ACTIVITY BECOME HIGHLY RESPONSIVE TO GIBBERELLIN WHEN DETACHED FROM THE STARCHY ENDOSPERM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; ABSCISIC-ACID; HORMONAL-REGULATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; INHIBITOR SYNTHESIS; GERMINATING BARLEY; CDNA CLONE; GENES; LAYERS; CELLS AB The physiological and molecular bases for contrasting alpha-amylase phenotypes were examined in germinating seeds of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Morex and Steptoe. Morex is a high-quality malting barley that develops high alpha-amylase activity soon after germination. Steptoe is a feed barley that develops only low alpha-amylase activity levels during this period. The expression of all high- and low-isoelectric point (pI) alpha-amylase isozymes is reduced in Steptoe. The amount of alpha-amylase mRNA per gram of seedling tissue is correspondingly lower in Steptoe. Southern blot analysis revealed that the cultivars have the same copy number and organization for most high- and low-pI genes. Steptoe seedlings or embryoless half-seeds produce little alpha-amylase in response to exogenous applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) compared with Morex. However, when isolated aleurones of both cultivars are treated with GA3, they produce similar amounts of high- and low-pI alpha-amylase RNAs. This suggests that a factor in the starchy endosperm is responsible for lowered alpha-amylase response in Steptoe. The factor is probably not abscisic acid (ABA), since the two cultivars have similar concentrations of ABA during germination. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SKADSEN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,501 N WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 52 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD760 UT WOS:A1993LD76000025 ER PT J AU OROZCO, BM MCCLUNG, CR WERNEKE, JM OGREN, WL AF OROZCO, BM MCCLUNG, CR WERNEKE, JM OGREN, WL TI MOLECULAR-BASIS OF THE RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE MUTATION IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA IS A GUANINE-TO-ADENINE TRANSITION AT THE 5'-SPLICE JUNCTION OF INTRON 3 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER RNA; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; SEQUENCES; EXPRESSION; SPINACH; INVIVO AB Analysis of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase gene and gene products from Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type plants and the Rubisco activase-deficient mutant strain showed that the rca mutation caused GT to be changed to AT at the 5'-splice junction of intron 3 in the six-intron pre-mRNA. Northern blot analysis, genomic and cDNA sequencing, and primer extension analysis indicated that the mutation causes inefficient and incomplete splicing of the pre-mRNA, resulting in the accumulation of three aberrant mRNAs. One mutant mRNA was identical with wild-type mRNA except that it included intron 3, a second mRNA comprised intron 3 and exons 4 through 7, and the third mRNA contained exons 1 through 3. The G-to-A transition is consistent with the known mechanism of mutagenesis by ethyl methanesulfonate, the mutagen used to create the Rubisco activase-deficient strain. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT BIOL SCI,HANOVER,NH 03755. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1104/pp.102.1.227 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD760 UT WOS:A1993LD76000029 PM 8108496 ER PT J AU BURKE, JJ OLIVER, MJ AF BURKE, JJ OLIVER, MJ TI OPTIMAL THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR PLANT METABOLIC PROCESSES (CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L) - LIGHT-HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL-A/B PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEX OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT IN CUCUMBER SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION; SMALL SUBUNIT; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BINDING POLYPEPTIDE; REAPPEARANCE; COTYLEDONS; SEQUENCES; WHEAT; PURIFICATION AB Analysis of the temperatures providing maximal photosystem II fluorescence reappearance following illumination and thermal kinetic windows (TKWs), obtained from the temperature characteristics of enzyme apparent K(m) values, have been proposed as indicators of the bounds of thermal stress in plants. In this study, we have evaluated the temperature optimum for the accumulation of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCP II), its mRNA, and the mRNA of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Ashley) as a broader measure of metabolism than that provided by either the fluorescence reappearance or TKWs. The TKW for cucumber is between 23.5 and 39-degrees-C, with the minimum apparent K(m) occurring at 32.5-degrees-C. The photosystem II variable fluorescence reappearance following illumination was maximal between 30 and 35-degrees-C. Maximum synthesis of the LHCP II occurred at 30-degrees-C. The light-induced accumulation of the LHCP II and the small subunit of Rubisco mRNAs showed similar temperature characteristics. Suboptimal temperatures delayed germination, altered cotyledonary soluble sugar content, and broadened the temperature range for chlorophyll accumulation. These results demonstrate an effect of seed reserve mobilization on the range of temperatures for chlorophyll accumulation, and suggest that metabolic temperature characteristics may be broadened by increasing available substrates for enzyme utilization. This study provides new information about the relationship between TKWs and cellular responses to temperature. In addition, the results suggest that the temperature range outside of which plants experience temperature stress is narrower than traditionally supposed. RP BURKE, JJ (reprint author), USDA,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD760 UT WOS:A1993LD76000037 ER PT J AU STERJIADES, R DEAN, JFD GAMBLE, G HIMMELSBACH, DS ERIKSSON, KEL AF STERJIADES, R DEAN, JFD GAMBLE, G HIMMELSBACH, DS ERIKSSON, KEL TI EXTRACELLULAR LACCASES AND PEROXIDASES FROM SYCAMORE MAPLE (ACER-PSEUDOPLATANUS) CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES - REACTIONS WITH MONOLIGNOLS AND LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ACER (LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS); CELL WALL; P-DIPHENOL-O-2 OXIDOREDUCTASE; LIGNIFICATION; PHENOLOXIDASE ID SENSITIVITY-ENHANCED DETECTION; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATA D DON; PINUS-RADIATA; CORIOLUS-VERSICOLOR; SPRUCE LIGNINS; DEGRADATION; COPPER; WOOD; LIGNIFICATION AB We have investigated the abilities of extracellular enzymes from dark-grown cell-suspension cultures of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) to oxidize monolignols, the precursors for lignin biosynthesis in plants, as well as a variety of other lignin-related compounds. Laccase and peroxidase both exist as a multiplicity of isoenzymes in filtrates of spent culture medium, but their abilities to produce water-insoluble, dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) from the monolignols (in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for the peroxidase reaction) appear identical whether or not the enzymes are purified from the concentrated filtrates or left in a crude mixture. The patterns of bonds formed in these DHPs are identical to those found in DHPs synthesized using horseradish peroxidase or fungal laccase, and many of these bonds are found in the natural lignins extracted from different plant sources. On the other hand, sycamore maple laccase is very much less active on phenolic substrates containing multiple aromatic rings than is sycamore maple peroxidase. We suggst that whereas laccase may function during the early stages of lignification to polymerize monolignols into oligo-lignols, cell-wall peroxidases may function when H2O2 is produced during the later stages of xylem cell development or in response to environmental stresses. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, CTR BIOL RESOURCE RECOVERY, DEPT BIOCHEM, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30605 USA. RI Dean, Jeffrey/G-2184-2010 OI Dean, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1208-1023 NR 50 TC 146 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 1993 VL 190 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY173 UT WOS:A1993KY17300011 ER PT J AU GASPARICH, GE HACKETT, KJ STAMBURSKI, C RENAUDIN, J BOVE, JM AF GASPARICH, GE HACKETT, KJ STAMBURSKI, C RENAUDIN, J BOVE, JM TI OPTIMIZATION OF METHODS FOR TRANSFECTING SPIROPLASMA-CITRI STRAIN R8A2 HP WITH THE SPIROPLASMA VIRUS SPV1 REPLICATIVE FORM SO PLASMID LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCOPLASMA-PULMONIS; RESISTANCE TRANSPOSON; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; TRANSFORMATION; PLASMID; CELLS; ELECTROPORATION; GENTAMICIN C1 INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. RP GASPARICH, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI ARPIN, Corinne/A-4887-2012 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD MAY PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1006/plas.1993.1022 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA LC333 UT WOS:A1993LC33300003 PM 8356114 ER PT J AU HUME, ME CORRIER, DE IVIE, GW DELOACH, JR AF HUME, ME CORRIER, DE IVIE, GW DELOACH, JR TI METABOLISM OF [C-14] PROPIONIC-ACID IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROILERS; PROPIONIC ACID; DIGESTIVE TRACT; METABOLISM; SALMONELLA ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; DIETARY LACTOSE; CECAL MICROFLORA; FEED; ENTERITIDIS; RESISTANCE AB Broiler chicks were given 4 or 120 mmol propionic[1-C-14]acid by gavage to determine its chemical fate and distribution of radiolabel among organs and tissues [foregut (crop, gizzard, and proventriculus), intestine (small and large), ceca, liver, and serum]. At 15 and 60 min postgavage, most of the extractable radiolabel remaining in the chicks was found in the foregut. Significantly higher percentages of the administered radiolabel were detected at 15 min in the serum and liver extracts of chicks given 120 mumol of propionic acid than in chicks given only 4 mumol. After 15 min, 41 and 30%, respectively, of the total radiolabel administered was accounted for in extracts of the digestive tract and tissues of chicks given 4 or 120 mumol of [C-14]propionic acid. Only about 12% of the administered radiolabel was extracted from body compartments at 60 min postgavage from chicks given 4 mumol of propionic acid. Collection of respired [C-14]CO2 during a 3-h postgavage period indicated that orally administered propionic acid is largely (about 75%) used as an energy source or is metabolized and assimilated into body components. The present studies indicate that little if any dietary propionic acid reaches the lower digestive tract and the ceca. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 72 IS 5 BP 786 EP 793 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KY685 UT WOS:A1993KY68500003 PM 8502603 ER PT J AU BAKST, MR AF BAKST, MR TI A MICROSCOPISTS VIEW OF POULTRY REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS AND GAMETES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE OVIDUCT; REPRODUCTION; OVA; SPERM; SPERM STORAGE ID SPERM-STORAGE; TURKEY; SPERMATOZOA; OVIDUCT; CHICKEN; FOWL AB The investigator using light or electron microscopy to elucidate the histology and ultrastructure of the reproductive organs and gametes of chickens and turkeys is confronted with unique problems. This paper addresses these as well as other more general concerns regarding specimen preparation and laboratory safety. The use of differential interference contrast microscopy coupled with fluorescence microscopy as a means to study the fate of sperm in the oviduct is introduced. RP BAKST, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 72 IS 5 BP 940 EP 943 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KY685 UT WOS:A1993KY68500023 PM 8502615 ER PT J AU JONES, D ISFORT, R WITTER, R KOST, R KUNG, HJ AF JONES, D ISFORT, R WITTER, R KOST, R KUNG, HJ TI RETROVIRAL INSERTIONS INTO A HERPESVIRUS ARE CLUSTERED AT THE JUNCTIONS OF THE SHORT REPEAT AND SHORT UNIQUE SEQUENCES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE MAREK DISEASE VIRUS; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; RETROVIRAL INTEGRATION ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; INVERTED REPEATS; VIRAL-DNA; GENOME; MICE; MAP; AMPLIFICATION; INTEGRATION; EXPANSION AB We previously described the integration of a nonacute retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), into the genome of a herpesvirus, Marek disease virus (MDV), following both long-term and short-term coinfection in cultured fibroblasts. The long-term coinfection occurred in the course of attenuating the oncogenicity of the JM strain of MDV and was sustained for > 100 passages. The short-term coinfection, which spanned only 16 passages, was designed to recreate the insertion phenomenon under controlled conditions. We found that REV integrations into MDV were common and could occur within the first passage following coinfection. Now we have mapped the integration sites. After 5-16 passages in vitro, 17 out of 19 REV junction sites are clustered in two 1-kilobase regions at the junctions of the short unique and short repeat region of MDV. In the long-term cocultivation experiment, 6 out of 10 insertions also mapped in this region. In both cases, integrated proviruses are unstable and undergo subsequent recombinative deletion, often leaving a solitary long terminal repeat. The long terminal repeat sequences are, however, stably maintained for many rounds of passaging in vitro. This clustering of insertions presumably is influenced by selection for viable and fast-growing viruses, and occurs in a region of the MDV genome which shows significant size heterogeneity in several strains. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,DIV HUMAN & ENVIRONM SAFETY,GENET TOXICOL SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013; Jones, Daniel/I-7399-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA43703, CA46613] NR 33 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 9 BP 3855 EP 3859 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.9.3855 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LA430 UT WOS:A1993LA43000018 PM 8387199 ER PT J AU GASBARRE, LC NANSEN, P MONRAD, J GRONVELD, J STEFFAN, P HENRIKSEN, SA AF GASBARRE, LC NANSEN, P MONRAD, J GRONVELD, J STEFFAN, P HENRIKSEN, SA TI SERUM ANTI-TRICHOSTRONGYLE ANTIBODY-RESPONSES OF 1ST AND 2ND SEASON GRAZING CALVES SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI AB Serum anti-Ostertagia ostertagi and anti-Cooperia oncophora antibody responses were assessed in first season and second season calves grazing permanent paddocks. Calves without previous exposure to trichostrongyles were found to mount significant parasite-specific IgG1 antibody responses within two months of introduction to the pastures. A significant serum IgA response to O ostertagi and IgG2 responses to both O ostertagi and C oncophora antigens were also observed, but these responses were weaker. No consistent serum anti-trichostrongyle IgM responses were discernible in either age group. Second season grazing calves had significantly elevated IgG1, IgG2 and IgA antibody levels at turnout when compared to first season calves, but only IgA antibody levels against O ostertagi increased during the second grazing season. Comparison of serum antibody levels in first and second season calves grazed separately or together suggests that mixed grazing had no discernible effect on antigen priming. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,INST VET MICROBIOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. NATL INST AGR TECHNOL,BALCARCE,ARGENTINA. NATL VET LAB,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. RP GASBARRE, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 54 IS 3 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0034-5288(93)90132-Y PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LE544 UT WOS:A1993LE54400011 PM 8337481 ER PT J AU WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF POOLEY, CD AF WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF POOLEY, CD TI PLASTIC LENTICULAR 3-DIMENSIONAL PRINTS SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE 3-D PRINTS; STEREO; STEREOPSIS; LENTICULAR PRINTS; PARALLAX AB Methods and explanations are presented for obtaining a series of four scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) containing parallax information that can be incorporated into a single three-dimensional (3-D) plastic lenticular print. The explanation includes a brief discussion of tilt angles for optimum stereopsis and tilt compensation to correct for foreshortening. In addition, instructions are given on how the four prints must be arranged and rephotographed so that Nishika 3-D, a commercial company, can produce the final plastic lenticular prints. These 3-D prints, which can be black and white or color, do not require glasses or any additional aids to perceive stereopsis. They are believed to be an effective and economical format for displaying 3-D data at scientific poster sessions. Furthermore, the format and procedure used to produce the prints are not limited to data obtained from the SEM but can be used to create 3-D prints from micrographs or other data that originate with high and intermediate voltage transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, scanned probe microscopies, magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular models. RP WERGIN, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BLDG 177B,BARC EAST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 15 IS 3 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA LH363 UT WOS:A1993LH36300006 ER PT J AU KUHNLE, RA AF KUHNLE, RA TI FLUVIAL TRANSPORT OF SAND AND GRAVEL MIXTURES WITH BIMODAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FLUVIAL SEDIMENTOLOGY CY JUL 05-09, 1993 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV QUEENSLAND ID BED STREAMS; SEDIMENT; BEDLOAD; MOTION; RATES AB Initiation of motion and fractional transport rates of sediments with bimodal size distributions were measured in a laboratory channel and in a natural channel. Transport experiments were conducted with unimodal 100% sand and 100% gravel bed sediments and three bimodal mixtures of the two sediments: 10% gravel-90% sand, 25% gravel-75% sand, and 45% gravel-55% sand. In the bimodal sediment beds the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion showed very little change with grain size for the sand sizes, but increased with grain size for the gravel sizes. For low flow strengths, only the sand sizes were in transport, while for the highest flow strengths the bed load sediment size distribution approached that of the bed material. RP KUHNLE, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,MCELROY DR,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0037-0738(93)90072-D PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA LJ439 UT WOS:A1993LJ43900003 ER PT J AU BOLTON, H SMITH, JL LINK, SO AF BOLTON, H SMITH, JL LINK, SO TI SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ACTIVITY OF A DISTURBED AND UNDISTURBED SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEMI-DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; ATP; COMMUNITIES; SAGEBRUSH; BACTERIA; MOISTURE; MATTER AB Disturbance of shrub-steppe soils and alterations in plant cover may affect the distribution, size and activity of soil microorganisms and their ability to biogeochemically cycle essential nutrients. Therefore, the soil microbial biomass and activity and selected soil enzyme activities were determined for two arid ecosystems, an undisturbed perennial shrub-steppe and annual grassland, which was initially shrub-steppe and has been an annual grassland since the disturbance caused by farming ceased in the 1940s. Soils were sampled at 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths beneath sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.), bluebunch wheatgrass [Elytrigia spicata (Pursh) D. R. Dewey] and cryptogamic soil lichen crust at the perennial site and beneath downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) at the annual grassland site. Soils were analyzed for physical properties, inorganic N, microbial biomass C and N, respiration and several enzymes. The soil pH and bulk density usually increased, while inorganic N, total N and total C decreased as a function of soil depth. Soil microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration and soil dehydrogenase activity were 2-15 times higher in the top 5 cm of soil than at the 5-15 cm depth regardless of plant type. Loss of this surface soil would therefore be detrimental to microbially-mediated cycling of nutrients. Surface soil (0-5 cm depth) microbial biomass C and N and soil respiration, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity were influenced by plant type and decreased in the order B. tectorum > A. tridentata = E. spicata > soil crust. Spatial distribution of plant species at the shrub-steppe site resulted in ''islands'' of enhanced microbial biomass and activity underneath the shrubs and grasses when compared to the interplant areas covered with soil crust. When plant cover was used to compute a landscape estimate of soil microbial biomass C and N for the perennial shrub-steppe and the annual grassland, similar values were obtained. This indicates that while the distribution of microorganisms may be more heterogeneous in the shrub-steppe, the average across the landscape is the same as the more homogeneous annual grassland. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP BOLTON, H (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, MAILSTOP K4-06, 900 BATTELLE BLVD, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 50 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90192-E PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LB621 UT WOS:A1993LB62100004 ER PT J AU ANGLE, JS MCGRATH, SP CHAUDRI, AM CHANEY, RL GILLER, KE AF ANGLE, JS MCGRATH, SP CHAUDRI, AM CHANEY, RL GILLER, KE TI INOCULATION EFFECTS ON LEGUMES GROWN IN SOIL PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH SEWAGE-SLUDGE SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; HEAVY-METALS; SURVIVAL; ACCUMULATION; POPULATIONS AB The effects on legumes of the long-term land application of sewage sludge are not clear. Sludge-borne toxic elements, as well as essential nutrients and organic matter, complicate the response of legumes in association with their symbionts. To examine this problem, several strains and species of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium were studied for their response to the presence of heavy metals in agar growth media. Bradyrhizobiwn japonicum was by far the most metal-tolerant of the organisms examined, often able to tolerate several times more Zn and Cd in agar media than more metal-sensitive organisms, such as Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. Soils were subsequently collected from metal-contaminated plots located at the Woburn Market Garden Experiment, and rhizobia were inoculated into these soils and sown with the appropriate homologous legume. Uninoculated controls and unamended soils were also sown. White clover (Trifolium repens) in the uninoculated, sludge-amended treatment contained numerous, small white and ineffective nodules. Inoculation enhanced nodulation and plant growth, but not to levels observed for plants grown on soil not amended with sludge. Inoculation with effective strains of rhizobia had little effect on plants grown in control soils since an indigenous, effective population compatible with white clover was present in adequate numbers. Only soybeans (Glycine max) responded to inoculation since soybeans had never been cultivated in these soils. These results confirm earlier observations that R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii in soils exposed to sludge-borne metals for many years are ineffective. Microbial species, chemical characteristics of the soil into which the sludge was added and the length of time the microbes were exposed to the metals each affected the response of the macro- and microsymbionts. C1 AFRC,INST ARABL CROPS RES,ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN,HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ,HERTS,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV LONDON WYE COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOL SCI,ASHFORD TN25 5AH,KENT,ENGLAND. RP ANGLE, JS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; Giller, Ken/K-2799-2012 OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Giller, Ken/0000-0002-5998-4652 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90196-I PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LB621 UT WOS:A1993LB62100008 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD MCCOY, EL ALLMARAS, RR LINDEN, DR AF LOGSDON, SD MCCOY, EL ALLMARAS, RR LINDEN, DR TI MACROPORE CHARACTERIZATION BY INDIRECT METHODS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TENSION INFILTROMETER; SOIL; MESOPOROSITY; MICROPOROSITY; INFILTRATION AB Macropores are important in preferential flow; therefore, function and continuity of macropores are often more important than visual observation. The objective of this research was to compare several indirect methods of determining macropore volume. Ponded and tension infiltration measurements were made in situ at the soil surface and 0.25 m deep in a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll), and air-filled porosity at each pressure head was calculated from conductivity determinations. Undisturbed, unconfined samples were taken from the 0.25- to 0.35-m depth. Air-filled porosity as a function of pressure head was determined on these samples using wetting and draining equilibrium curves in rotated cores (to even out the gravitational gradient), measured/calculated after steady-state lab conductivity, and calculated from ped size distribution (assuming a ped shape factor and ped size/crack size relation, with known bulk density and ped density). Water adsorption/desorption in rotated cores in only four out of 20 samples displayed an ''air-entry'' pressure head, and no samples displayed a ''water-entry'' pressure head (that is the head at which no more water enters pores during equilibrium soil water adsorption). All methods tested estimated air-filled porosity in the same range. Air-filled porosity determined from ped-size distribution and from ponded and tension infiltration measurements was much less tedious than from rotated core measurements. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OARDC,WOOSTER,OH. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 155 IS 5 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1097/00010694-199305000-00002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LE280 UT WOS:A1993LE28000002 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ TI PERIODIC TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS SOIL - A COMPARISON OF APPROXIMATE AND EXACT ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Comparisons (of the first harmonic) between exact and two approximate analytical solutions to the one-dimensional heat conduction equation for an inhomogeneous soil show that the approximate analytical solutions are potentially more useful for profiles of soil thermal properties that exhibit positive or zero concavity than for those that exhibit negative concavity. Comparisons between the two approximate analytical solutions also suggest that one solution provides a much easier method for estimating profiles of soil thermal properties from soil temperature profiles than does the other. A brief summary of three analytical solutions to the one-dimensional heat conduction equation is also given. Furthermore, some of these extent analytical solutions are unique to the present study and employ relatively simple and easily implemented algorithms for their evaluation. For many applications involving periodic variations in soil temperature, these algorithms are likely to provide more realistic results than can be obtained by assuming homogeneous soil properties with their associated ''exponentially decaying'' solution for soil temperatures. It is further suggested that the solutions presented in this work could be used to verify more complex numerical models of soil heat flow. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 155 IS 5 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1097/00010694-199305000-00004 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LE280 UT WOS:A1993LE28000004 ER PT J AU AIGHEWI, IT RUSSELLE, MP AF AIGHEWI, IT RUSSELLE, MP TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EQUATIONS TO PREDICT INDEXES OF SUBSOIL POTASSIUM SUPPLY CAPABILITY SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOILS; INTENSITY AB Subsoil K availability may be an important factor limiting the precision of K fertilizer recommendations, but it is too expensive to routinely sample and analyze subsoils. Our objective was to develop and validate simple empirical equations predicting indexes of K supply capability of subsoils based on physical and chemical properties commonly reported by Soil Survey. Ten Minnesota soils were sampled by genetic horizons to a depth of 1 m and were analyzed for exchangeable K from air dried (EKD) and moist (EKW) samples, nonexchangeable K (NK), potential K buffering capacity (PBC(K)), water-soluble K (SK), and 39 physical and chemical characteristics. The best regression equations for each K index had the indicated coefficients of determination (in parentheses)EKD (2 = 0.85), EKW (r2 = 0.77), NK (r2 = 0.86), and PBC(K) (r2 = 0.88). No equation could be developed for SK. Validation of the EKD equation with a total of 88 independent soil samples and Soil Survey data from Minnesota had a standard error of prediction of +/- 49 mg K kg-1. The EKD equation had a larger error of prediction (+/- 63 mg K kg-1) when data from seven midwestern states (n = 512) were included. This equation tended to predict greater amounts of exchangeable K than were measured, especially when EKD < 200 mg K kg-1. EKW could be estimated from EKD (r2 = 0.94). Equations for NK and PBC(K) could not be validated as thoroughly as that for EKD because the database is not available. Standard error of prediction for NK (n = 6) and PBC(K) (n = 7) equations were +/- 515 mg K kg-1 and +/- 11 cmol kg-1 mol-0.5, respectively. Depending on the degree of precision desired, these equations could be used for estimating subsoil K supply capability in the presence of adequate Soil Survey data, but the tendency toward over-prediction should be recognized. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,439 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 155 IS 5 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1097/00010694-199305000-00006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LE280 UT WOS:A1993LE28000006 ER PT J AU RADKE, JK REICOSKY, DC VOORHEES, WB AF RADKE, JK REICOSKY, DC VOORHEES, WB TI LABORATORY SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE AND HYDRAULIC-HEAD VARIATIONS UNDER A SOIL RIDGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID CORN BELT; WATER AB Temperatures and water content under soil ridges vary temporally and spatially in a complex manner and are difficult to measure under field conditions. A controlled laboratory lysimeter experiment was conducted to study soil temperature and water patterns under sinusoidal ridges. A large soil container was packed with the 2-mm fraction of a Barnes loam (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll) to a uniform bulk density of 1.2 mg/m3. Banks of heat lamps and fans were positioned and computer controlled to simulate solar radiation and wind. A cooling plate was installed near the bottom of the lysimeter to induce a thermal gradient throughout the soil profile. For each of three experimental runs, hydraulic heads were measured each morning and afternoon using 170 miniature spring-loaded tensiometers installed at 5-cm grid spacings in the front wall of the lysimeter. Soil temperatures were measured hourly with 64 copper constantan thermocouples buried in a similar grid pattern. Soil started drying most rapidly near the peak and upper slopes of the ridges. Significant rewetting of dried soil occurred during the night period until the hydraulic head (referenced to the furrow height) was less than - 300 to - 400 mm. After the first few days, most evaporation occurred through the slopes and furrow areas, as evidenced by salt bands that formed on the soil surface. Surface soil temperatures were maximum at the ridge peak or on the upper portion of the south slope. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. RP RADKE, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 652 EP 660 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700004 ER PT J AU SPAANS, EJA BAKER, JM AF SPAANS, EJA BAKER, JM TI SIMPLE BALUNS IN PARALLEL PROBES FOR TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LINES AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is used for the simultaneous determination of soil moisture content and electrical conductivity (EC). Limitations of parallel probes compared with coaxial probes have been signal losses in the antenna wire leading to the probes, and the required use of an expensive balun. In addition, signal attenuation in the balun hampered accurate EC determination. We describe a balun that avoids these limitations. It is a 1:1 balun, which means that it converts the electrical field from unbalanced to balanced, but no impedance transformation takes place. Consequently, this balun does not attenuate low-frequency signals, which is inherent to commonly used commercial 1:4 baluns. The balun is inexpensive and easy to fabricate, and is attached directly to a parallel pair of waveguides. This permits a system with coaxial transmission line from the TDR to the parallel waveguides. For soil moisture content determinations, the new balun performs at least as well as a conventional balun. Furthermore, EC of NaCl solutions determined from the TDR trace showed excellent agreement with EC measured with a conductance meter. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SPAANS, EJA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 11 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 668 EP 673 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700006 ER PT J AU SHARMA, PP GUPTA, SC FOSTER, GR AF SHARMA, PP GUPTA, SC FOSTER, GR TI PREDICTING SOIL DETACHMENT BY RAINDROPS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID VARYING KINETIC-ENERGY; RAINFALL DETACHMENT; SPLASH DETACHMENT; SINGLE WATERDROP; IMPACT STRESS; EROSION; MODEL; DEPOSITION AB The process of soil erosion by water across a landscape is modeled by mathematically linking the subprocesses of detachment, transport, and deposition of sediments. Contemporary soil erosion models represent the raindrop detachment rate as a nonlinear function of rainfall intensity, the parameters of which have to be experimentally derived from interrill erosion plot data. We describe a model that predicts the rate of soil detachment by multiple raindrops impacting on a bare soil surface. The model depends on parameters of a soil-strength-dependent single-drop detachment model and a bivariate raindrop-size distribution function. The simulated data is analyzed to represent raindrop detachment rate as a linear and a nonlinear function of intensity. Equations that relate the parameters of soil detachment rate vs. intensity functions to the parameters of the single-drop detachment model are presented. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP SHARMA, PP (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,LAND RECLAMAT RES CTR,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 674 EP 680 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700007 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, S FORSTER, HS HEICK, EL AF GOLDBERG, S FORSTER, HS HEICK, EL TI BORON ADSORPTION MECHANISMS ON OXIDES, CLAY-MINERALS, AND SOILS INFERRED FROM IONIC-STRENGTH EFFECTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; SOLUTION INTERFACES; CHEMICAL-MODEL; MONTMORILLONITE; ALUMINUM; SURFACE; EXCHANGE; CHARGE AB Prediction of anion adsorption behavior is enhanced by understanding the adsorption mechanism. This study was conducted to evaluate ionic strength effects on B adsorption and to infer B adsorption mechanisms on various surfaces. Boron adsorption on the Fe oxide goethite, the Al oxide gibbsite, the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite, and two arid-zone soils was investigated as a function of solution pH (3-11) and ionic strength of the background electrolyte (0.01-1.0 M NaCl). Boron adsorption on the oxides and kaolinite increased from pH 3 to 6, exhibited a peak at pH 6 to 8.5, and decreased from pH 8.5 to 11. For B adsorption on montmorillonite and the soils, the adsorption maximum was located near pH 9. Ionic strength dependence, measured as the increase of the B adsorption maximum in 1.0 M NaCl solutions compared with 0.01 M NaCl solutions increased in the order: goethite (3%) < kaolinite (15%) < gibbsite (-30%) < montmorillonite (109%) almost-equal-to montmorillonitic soil (116%) almost-equal-to kaolinitic soil (129%). Shifts in zero point of charge were observed on goethite, gibbsite, and kaolinite following B adsorption. Ionic strength effect results suggest an inner-sphere adsorption mechanism for goethite, gibbsite, and kaolinite and an outer-sphere adsorption mechanism for montmorillonite and the soils. These mechanisms are also indicated by zero point of charge determinations, microelectrophoresis measurements, or both. The constant capacitance model, containing an inner-sphere adsorption mechanism, was able to describe B adsorption on goethite, gibbsite, kaolinite, and kaolinitic soil. The model was unable to describe B adsorption on montmorillonite and montmorillonitic soil because the computer optimizations diverged. RP GOLDBERG, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 30 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 704 EP 708 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700013 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL HALVORSON, JJ PAPENDICK, RI AF SMITH, JL HALVORSON, JJ PAPENDICK, RI TI USING MULTIPLE-VARIABLE INDICATOR KRIGING FOR EVALUATING SOIL QUALITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER AB Soil quality is the most important factor for sustaining the global biosphere. Soil quality may be defined in several different ways including productivity, sustainability, environmental quality, and effects on human nutrition. To quantify soil quality, specific soil indicators need to be measured spatially. These indicators are mainly soil properties whose values relate directly to soil quality but may also include policy, economic, or environmental considerations. Because assessing soil quality is complex, the individual soil quality indicators need to be integrated to form a soil quality index. This integration needs to be flexible enough to evaluate soil quality at spatial scales ranging from the farm to the regional level, be applicable to all types of agricultural land use, and be able to incorporate all types of soil quality information. We have developed a multiple-variable indicator ranging (MVIK) procedure that may provide a means to integrate soil quality parameters into an index to produce soil quality maps on a landscape basis. These maps would indicate the areas on a landscape that have a high probability of having good soil quality according to predetermined criteria. This procedure can provide probability maps based on any range of chosen criteria and thus is universally applicable. In addition, it allows the identification of the indicator parameter(s) responsible for zones of low soil quality, thus allowing specific management plans or land use policies to be developed. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99165, USA. NR 10 TC 106 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 743 EP 749 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700020 ER PT J AU VERMEUL, VR ISTOK, JD FLINT, AL PIKUL, JL AF VERMEUL, VR ISTOK, JD FLINT, AL PIKUL, JL TI AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING SOIL MACROPOROSITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER AB Quantitative information on macroporosity is needed to predict water flow and solute transport in field soils. A method was developed for determining the number, shape, and size distribution of soil macropores. Horizontal serial sections sawed from paraffin-impregnated soil cores were photographed under ultraviolet (UV) light. Anthracene, mixed with the paraffin, fluoresces a bright bluish white under UV light and provides a sharp contrast between the soil matrix and the paraffin-filled pore space. Section photographs were converted to 256 level, grey-scale digital images using a flat-bed scanner. Image processing was used to classify each pixel in a digital image as pore space or soil matrix, to group the pore space pixels into pores, and to measure the area and perimeter of each pore. The method was able to measure pores with an equivalent radius greater-than-or-equal-to 85 mum. Macroporosity in soil cores sampled form a tillage path and from an adjacent, undisturbed (no-till) region was quantified. Tillage sections contained, on the average, 9.4 macropores/cm2 with an equivalent macroporosity of 8%, while no-till sections contained 0.8 macropores/cm2 with an equivalent macroporosity of 0.3%. Computed intrinsic permeabilities for tillage sections that included macropore information were significantly larger than values computed using micropore information alone, suggesting that macropores must be included in permeability calculations when the number of macropores is large. The developed method should be useful for quantifying macroporosity in nonskeletal soils. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT GEOSCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. US GEOL SCI, MERCURY, NV 89023 USA. USDA ARS, NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR, SIDNEY, MT 59270 USA. RP ISTOK, JD (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 809 EP 816 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700030 ER PT J AU RISSE, LM NEARING, MA NICKS, AD LAFLEN, JM AF RISSE, LM NEARING, MA NICKS, AD LAFLEN, JM TI ERROR ASSESSMENT IN THE UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID EROSION AB Although nearly three decades of widespread use have confirmed the reliability of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), very little work has been done to assess the error associated with it. This study was conducted to develop a set of statistics that would measure the performance of the USLE. Estimates of soil loss using the USLE were compared with measured values on 208 natural runoff plots, representing > 1700 plot years of data, to assess the error associated with the USLE predictions. The overall Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency was determined to be 0.75 on an average annual basis and 0.58 when compared on a yearly basis. The USLE overpredicted soil loss on plots with low erosion rates while the plots with higher rates were under-predicted. Of the USLE parameters, the topographic factor (LS) and the cover and management factor (C) had the most influence on the model efficiency. Confidence intervals for USLE predictions were developed and showed that the accuracy of the USLE in terms of percentage difference between predicted and expected values increases with increasing values of total soil loss. It was also shown that there was no significant difference between the average magnitude of error for pre- and post-1960 data sets and that the use of rainfall and runoff factor (R) values instead of calculated erosion index (EI) values resulted in a drop in model efficiency of 0.02. One must use caution in applying the results of this error analysis to conditions in which they may not be applicable, due to the limited nature of this data set. C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP RISSE, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 18 TC 166 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 825 EP 833 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700032 ER PT J AU INSKEEP, WP CLAYTON, JL MOGK, DW AF INSKEEP, WP CLAYTON, JL MOGK, DW TI NATURALLY WEATHERED PLAGIOCLASE GRAINS FROM THE IDAHO BATHOLITH - OBSERVATIONS USING SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID FELDSPAR; DISSOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS; CATCHMENTS; MECHANISM; KINETICS; SURFACE; RATES AB Rates of primary silicate mineral weathering are important to understanding proton buffering and biogeochemical cycling of Si, Al, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals in natural watersheds. The objectives of this study were to characterize the surface morphology and secondary coatings of naturally weathered oligoclase grains sampled from the Silver Creek Experimental Watersheds in the southwestern Idaho batholith. Oligoclase grains (0.5-1.0 mm) were sampled from soil, sediment, and rocks of various weathering classes within the watershed, and were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXRA). Oligoclase grains from unweathered bedrock (Class 1 rock) and very weakly weathered rock (Class 2) showed little evidence of weathering features such as etch pits and secondary coatings on the mineral surface. As the weathering intensity increased to Class 5, Class 6, R horizon, and C horizon oligoclase samples, the presence of etch pits and secondary coatings increased. Grains from Class 6 rock and the R horizon were characterized by numerous etch pits and secondary coatings, which covered the majority of the grain surface. The EDXRA analyses showed that the secondary coatings had Al/Si ratios approximately two times and Ca/Si ratios approximately 0.2 times that of Class 1 and Class 2 rock, indicating significant Al enrichment and Ca depletion in the weathering products. X-ray diffraction was used to positively identify a kaolin layer silicate (presumably kaolinite) as a major component of the secondary phases found on the feldsdpar surface. Observations of naturally weathered feldspar grains suggest significant differences in weathering environment or intensity between many laboratory studies and actual watersheds. Environmental conditions that may be responsible for differences in weathering intensities between natural watersheds and laboratory studies include physical factors such as solid/solution ratios, water residence times, wetting and drying cycles, and chemical factors such as the presence of secondary coatings on the mineral surface and the reactive surface area of weathered grains. C1 USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOISE,ID 83702. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP INSKEEP, WP (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 851 EP 860 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700037 ER PT J AU MEKONNEN, EJ NATER, EA LAIRD, DA AF MEKONNEN, EJ NATER, EA LAIRD, DA TI DETERMINING COMPLETION OF EXCESS SALT REMOVAL FROM CLAYS - METHOD COMPARISONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Three methods of determining the extent of excess salt removal during alcohol washing of clays were compared. Clays (< 2 mum) separated from Wyoming bentonite, halloysite, and a Fargo soil (fine, montmorillonitic, frigid Vertic Haplaquoll) were saturated with 0.5 M CaCl2 or 1.0 M KCl. Excess salts were removed by eight consecutive washes with 95% ethanol. Vortex and ultrasonication mixing methods were also compared. After centrifugation, the supernatants were analyzed for excess salt by (i) the AgNO3-Cl test, and by measuring (ii) electrical conductivity, and (iii) elemental concentrations. Elemental concentration and conductivity measurements indicated that substantial amounts of excess Ca and K (approximately 5 to 10% of CEC) remained in the clays when the AgNO3-Cl test was first negative. Ultrasonication reduced the number of washings required to remove excess salt from clays when compared with Vortex mixing. The results demonstrate that electrical conductivity is a rapid and reliable method of determining completion of excess salt removal. C1 USDA ARS, NATL SOIL TILTH LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 874 EP 877 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ977 UT WOS:A1993LJ97700040 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, IA ATALLA, RH AGARWAL, UP MINOR, JL PETTY, C AF WEINSTOCK, IA ATALLA, RH AGARWAL, UP MINOR, JL PETTY, C TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF A NOVEL WOOD PULP BLEACHING SYSTEM SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; LIGNIN; MICROPROBE AB The use of near-infrared (NIR) Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy for the study of lignocellulosic materials is discussed. An application utilizing NIR FT-Raman spectroscopy to study a novel chlorine-free process for the bleaching of wood pulps is presented in detail. The new process, still under development, entails the oxidation of residual lignin in wood pulps by vanadium-substituted polyoxometalates, and reoxidation of the reduced polyoxometalates by chlorine-free oxidants such as air, dioxygen, peroxides or ozone. Results from FT-Raman measurements of polyoxometalate-treated pulps are compared with those from chemical, spectroscopic and optical techniques commonly used in the pulp and paper industry. C1 NICOLET INSTRUMENTS CORP,MADISON,WI 53711. RP WEINSTOCK, IA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8539 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 819 EP 829 DI 10.1016/0584-8539(93)80106-K PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA LB910 UT WOS:A1993LB91000025 ER PT J AU HARNLY, JM AF HARNLY, JM TI THE EFFECT OF SPECTRAL BANDPASS ON SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIOS FOR CONTINUUM SOURCE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY WITH A LINEAR PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTOR SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB Equations describing the optical throughput of a monochromator are used as a basis for modeling the dependency of the signal-to-noise ratio on the monochromator parameters and the limiting noise. In-depth evaluation is made for the detector noise-limited case with multiple detectors, i.e. a linear photodiode array detector. The model shows that the detection limit improves with the square root of the spectral bandpass and with the square root of the pixel width. A high resolution echelle monochromator and a low resolution (200 mm focal length) monochromator are both accurately described by the model. The two monochromators have comparable detection limits when the limiting noises are the same. RP HARNLY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6-7 BP 909 EP 924 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(93)80093-A PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA LH360 UT WOS:A1993LH36000013 ER PT J AU FUERTES, J FRYXELL, PA AF FUERTES, J FRYXELL, PA TI TYPES OF NAMES OF NEW-WORLD MALVACEAE OF LAGASCA, ORTEGA, AND SESSE AND MOCINO SO TAXON LA English DT Article C1 REAL JARDIN BOT,E-28014 MADRID,SPAIN. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,AGRON FIELD LAB,COLL STN,TX 77843. RI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/A-3974-2010 OI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/0000-0001-5649-4845 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.2307/1223143 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA LE154 UT WOS:A1993LE15400004 ER PT J AU CASWELL, MF SHOEMAKER, RA AF CASWELL, MF SHOEMAKER, RA TI MARKET EQUILIBRIUM IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a model of adoption for a technology which augments the quality of a fixed, heterogeneous asset. The extent of adoption is derived and it is shown how the level of adoption is influenced by economic parameters. Aggregate conditions are developed to illustrate the indirect equilibrium effects of adoption-induced changes in supply. A numerical example is presented to show the direct and indirect effects of output and income policies on output supply, output price, input use, and agricultural sector profitability. RP CASWELL, MF (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCE & TECHNOL,ROOM 508,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0040-1625(93)90059-G PG 15 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA KY874 UT WOS:A1993KY87400008 ER PT J AU PERKINS, HH BRUSHWOOD, DE AF PERKINS, HH BRUSHWOOD, DE TI STRATEGIES FOR DETERMINING ARSENIC RESIDUES IN COTTON AND COTTON WASTE SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ANALYTICAL METHODS; ARSENIC ACID; COTTON; EPA REGULATIONS; WASTE MANAGEMENT AB Arsenic acid is a chemical desiccant used to prepare mature cotton for harvesting by mechanical stripping. Cotton from fields treated with arsenic acid usually contain residual arsenic. The fate of that residual arsenic in both solid processing wastes going to landfills and in wastewater effluent is of concern to textile and cotton waste processors. EPA regulates arsenic in solid waste that goes to landfills and in wastewater effluent. Strategies for testing cotton and cotton textile mill wastes for arsenic content by various methods are discussed in the context of proper management of arsenic containing wastes to ensure compliance with EPA regulations and guidelines. A shortened extraction procedure and analytical method are described that mimic the complex EPA Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) method for determining leachable arsenic. Results from application of the shortened extraction method to cottons with a range of arsenic levels indicate that the method can be used to predict results from the full TCLP method. With a sound sampling protocol and proper management of both incoming stock and final wastes, arsenic content of both solid and liquid wastes can probably be controlled to meet EPA regulations. RP PERKINS, HH (reprint author), USDA,COTTON QUAL RES STN,POB 792,CLEMSON,SC 29633, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LB880 UT WOS:A1993LB88000006 ER PT J AU MONTALVO, JG VINYARD, BT AF MONTALVO, JG VINYARD, BT TI A CRITICAL-EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AREALOMETER INSTRUMENT VALUES AND COTTON FIBER PERIMETER .1. FUNDAMENTALS AND COMPUTER-SIMULATION SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS; NIR DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; SURFACE AB Arealometer instrument values are computer simulated to study the error in the calculated fiber perimeter P due to instrumental errors. (This airflow device senses the fiber's specific surface at two different specimen compressions; P and wall thickness t are computed from the readings.) Systematic changes over time in instrument values from designated true values are classified into thirteen nontrivial combinations. Each combination results in different P values and, consequently, a unique drift or error in P. Simulations of 50,000 Arealometer observations using actual standard deviation data from a control cotton are also run. These simulations show that random variations in instrument values over time are, in effect, an unordered sequence of the nontrivial combinations. Also, a mean taken from only two to six Arealometer observations-the accepted practice-does not adequately characterize a cotton sample. Fundamental relationships are probed with partial and total derivatives of Arealometer functions. There is more variability in the calculated P than in the t value. The total differential dP accurately measures the error in P, given the error in the instrument values. RP MONTALVO, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 63 IS 5 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1177/004051759306300503 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LC295 UT WOS:A1993LC29500003 ER PT J AU KAZAN, K MUEHLBAUER, FJ WEEDEN, NF LADIZINSKY, G AF KAZAN, K MUEHLBAUER, FJ WEEDEN, NF LADIZINSKY, G TI INHERITANCE AND LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND ISOZYME LOCI IN CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC LINKAGE; ISOZYME MARKERS; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; LINKAGE CONSERVATION ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; GENETIC-CONTROL; MOSAIC-VIRUS; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; LENTIL; SEGREGATION; NODULATION AB Inheritance and linkage relationships of several morphological and isozyme loci are described in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Segregation data obtained from several F2 families confirmed the previously observed mode of inheritance for most of the morphological loci. Additional morphological markers in chickpea are also described. Most of the isozyme loci studied showed codominant expression and fit expected Mendelian segregation ratios. However, distorted ratios were also observed for some loci. Linkage was found between Pgd-c, the locus encoding the cytosolic form of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and Hg, the locus controlling plant growth habit. These 2 loci were separated by approximately 18 recombinational map units. A similar linkage between comparable loci was previously reported in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Weeden and Wolko 1990). Linkage was also detected among 3 isozyme loci; the cytosolic form of phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-c), glucose-1-phosphate transferase (Gpt1), and the plastid specific form of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd-p). The linkage of 2 loci (Pgm-c and Pgd-p) in this cluster is also conserved in pea and lentil (Lens Miller). The linkage between an acid phosphatase locus (Acp3) and the locus specifying the cytosolic form of glucosephosphate isomerase (Gpi-c) in chickpea suggested another linkage group in common with pea. Additionally, other linkages that were not previously observed in chickpea or related genera included the linkage of the cytosolic form of aconitase (Aco-c) with adenylate kinase (Adk1) and fructokinase (Fk3), and the linkage of a locus encoding the mitochondrial specific aconitase (Aco-m) with a seed protein locus (Spr1). The loci determining flower color (P), epicotyl color (Gst), seed coat color (T3), and seed surface (Rs) were associated with the locus encoding glucose-1-phosphate transferase (Gpt2). These results, along with previous studies, suggest that pea, lentil and chickpea have several common linkage groups consisting of homologous genes. This also indicates that linkages found in one genus can be used to predict similar linkages in related genera in the development of linkage maps. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,GRAIN LEGUME GENET & PHYSIOL UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RI Kazan, Kemal/B-8032-2008 NR 60 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1007/BF00838556 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA LE223 UT WOS:A1993LE22300004 PM 24193588 ER PT J AU HALEY, SD MIKLAS, PN STAVELY, JR BYRUM, J KELLY, JD AF HALEY, SD MIKLAS, PN STAVELY, JR BYRUM, J KELLY, JD TI IDENTIFICATION OF RAPD MARKERS LINKED TO A MAJOR RUST RESISTANCE GENE BLOCK IN COMMON BEAN SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; BEAN RUST RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR); DNA MARKERS ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; UROMYCES-PHASEOLI; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; RFLP MARKERS; DNA; TOMATO; DIVERSITY; INHERITANCE AB Rust in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger var. appendiculatus [= U. phaseoli (Reben) Wint.], is a major disease problem and production constraint in many parts of the world. The predominant form of genetic control of the pathogen is a series of major genes which necessitate the development of efficient selection strategies. Our objective was focused on the identification of RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers linked to a major bean rust resistance gene block enabling marker-based selection and facilitating resistance gene pyramiding into susceptible bean germplasm. Using pooled DNA samples of genotyped individuals from two segregating populations, we identified two RAPD markers linked to the gene block of interest. One such RAPD, OF10(970) (generated by a 5'-GGAAGCTTGG-3' decamer), was found to be closely linked (2.15 +/- 1.50 centi Morgans) in coupling with the resistance gene block. The other identified RAPD, OI19(460) (generated by a 5'-AATGCGGGAG-3' decamer), was shown to be more tightly linked (also in coupling) than OF10(970) as no recombinants were detected among 97 BC6F2 segregating individuals in the mapping population. Analysis of a collection of resistant and susceptible cultivars and experimental lines, of both Mesoamerican and Andean origin, revealed that: (1) recombination between OF10(970) and the gene block has occurred as evidenced by the presence of the DNA fragment in several susceptible genotypes, (2) recombination between OI19(460) and the gene block has also occurred indicating that the marker is not located within the gene block itself, and (3) marker-facilitated selection using these RAPD markers, and another previously identified, will enable gene pyramiding in Andean germplasm and certain Mesoamerican bean races in which the resistance gene block does not traditionally exist. Observations of variable recombination among Mesoamerican bean races suggested suppression of recombination between introgressed segments and divergent recurrent back grounds. C1 USDA ARS, TROP AGR RES STN, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP HALEY, SD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 47 TC 124 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1007/BF00838567 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA LE223 UT WOS:A1993LE22300015 PM 24193599 ER PT J AU REEVES, GH EVEREST, FH SEDELL, JR AF REEVES, GH EVEREST, FH SEDELL, JR TI DIVERSITY OF JUVENILE ANADROMOUS SALMONID ASSEMBLAGES IN COASTAL OREGON BASINS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TIMBER HARVEST SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES; WOODY DEBRIS; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION CREEK; CLEAR-CUT; HABITAT; WASHINGTON; RECOVERY; DISTURBANCE AB We examined the relationships of timber harvest, stream habitat complexity, and diversity of juvenile anadromous salmonid assemblages in 14 small- to intermediate-sized basins in coastal Oregon between 1985 and 1989. Diversity (the inverse of a species dominance index) of assemblages in streams in basins with low harvest levels (less-than-or-equal-to 25% of the basin area harvested) was greater than in streams in basins with high harvest levels (>25% of the basin area harvested) (P = 0.02). Assemblages in basins with high levels of harvest were more dominated by a single species than were assemblages in basins with low harvest. Percent of basin harvested was more strongly associated with assemblage diversity (P = 0.07) than were basin area (P = 0.90) or gradient (P = 0.22) when the influence of the other two factors was controlled. Habitat features were compared between three pairs of streams. Streams in basins with low timber harvest had more complex habitat, as manifested by more large pieces of wood per 100 m (P < 0.01). We conclude that a community and basin-level perspective is necessary to fully assess the effects of timber harvest and other human activities on stream fish. RP REEVES, GH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 52 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 122 IS 3 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0309:DOJASA>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LR876 UT WOS:A1993LR87600001 ER PT J AU CORMIER, SM NEIHEISEL, TW WILLIAMS, DE TIERSCH, TR AF CORMIER, SM NEIHEISEL, TW WILLIAMS, DE TIERSCH, TR TI NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF TRIPLOIDY IN A WILD BROWN BULLHEAD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH AB We report the rare, natural occurrence of triploidy in a brown bullhead Ameiurus (formerly Ictalurus) nebulosus. This is to our knowledge the first report of naturally occurring triploidy within the family Ictaluridae. The nuclei of blood cells were studied by flow cytometry, volume measurement, and computer-assisted image analysis. The triploid had a genome size of 3.29 pg DNA/cell compared to 2.23 pg DNA/cell (SD, 0.02 pg) for 28 diploid brown bullheads. Volume measurement and image analysis were able to detect the triploid condition; however, flow cytometry was the most precise technique and had the greatest resolution. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP CORMIER, SM (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 122 IS 3 BP 390 EP 392 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0390:NOOTIA>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LR876 UT WOS:A1993LR87600009 ER PT J AU ROTZ, CA PITT, RE MUCK, RE ALLEN, MS BUCKMASTER, DR AF ROTZ, CA PITT, RE MUCK, RE ALLEN, MS BUCKMASTER, DR TI DIRECT-CUT HARVEST AND STORAGE OF ALFALFA ON THE DAIRY FARM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; DIRECT-CUT; FORAGE ID FORMIC-ACID; FORAGE CONSERVATION; SILAGE; MODEL; ENSILAGE; LOSSES; SYSTEM; SILO AB A simulation model of the dairy forage system (DAFOSYM) was used to study the long-term performance and economics of direct-cut alfalfa harvest and storage, with a treatment such as formic acid, to enhance preservation. Compared to a wilted silage system, total losses were not reduced substantially with the direct-cut system in Michigan. Handling of the wetter material increased machinery, fuel, and labor costs for transport and feeding. Even with no added cost for forage treatment and effluent handling, the direct-cut system was not economical. Direct-cut harvest with a treatment like formic acid was more economical than wilted silage only if a 3% increase in animal intake and milk production was attained - a scenario not supported through fee&ng trials. Development of a system for direct-cut harvest and preservation of alfalfa for the midwestern and northeastern U. S. appears infeasible considering known technology. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP ROTZ, CA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Allen, Michael/B-5771-2009 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 621 EP 628 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100002 ER PT J AU THOMASSON, JA AF THOMASSON, JA TI FOREIGN MATTER EFFECTS ON COTTON COLOR MEASUREMENT - DETERMINATION AND CORRECTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON GINS; TRASH; IMAGES; VIDEO AB Literature has implied that foreign matter affects cotton reflectance and yellowness measurements made with color meters. Samples of seed cotton and lint were measured for reflectance and yellowness before and after hand cleaning of the sample faces. Results confirmed the existence of the cleaning effect on color measurements which was more pronounced with seed cotton. Because disturbance of the sample face was minimized, change in trash content appeared to be the main cause of the effect. The change in the measured area of trash in the sample face correlated well with the change in reflectance for seed cotton, but change in yellowness was less predictable. To remove the effects of trash particles on color measurements, a new method was devised in which spectrally filtered images of lint and seed cotton samples were acquired with a monochrome video camera, and a computer algorithm was written to allow color measurement on essentially lint only by not considering pixels classified as trash in the calculation of either reflectance or yellowness. Color and trash measurements were also made with a High Volume Instrument color / trash meter. Trash particles then were removed by hand from the faces of the cotton samples. Color and trash measurements were then made again with the High Volume Instrument color/trash meter. While prediction of green-red reflectance after cleaning was not improved with the new method, the blue-band reflectance of uncleaned seed cotton was more highly correlated with that of cleaned seed cotton when the new measurement technique was used This improvement was also marginally true with lint. Additionally, prediction of blue-band reflectance of cleaned lint from that of uncleaned seed cotton was improved with the new method Gin process-control systems requiring evaluation of seed cotton color would benefit from the use of such a technique which lessens the effects of nonlint material on color measurements. RP THOMASSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100007 ER PT J AU KOO, YM KUHLMAN, DK AF KOO, YM KUHLMAN, DK TI THEORETICAL SPRAY PERFORMANCE OF SWIRL-TYPE NOZZLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE NOZZLE DESIGN; SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; BOUNDARY LAYER; INTEGRAL MOMENTUM METHOD; VARIABLE FLOW NOZZLE AB Theoretical spray performance of swirl-type nozzles was developed by solving boundary flows in the swirl chamber of the nozzle using the integral momentum method. Essential structures of the discharge coefficient, the swath coefficient, and the volume median diameter were derived from the theoretical investigation of fluid motion. The nozzle parameters and average relative velocity at the discharge orifice governed the spray performance and flow regions. Extreme conditions that sensitively influenced the spray performance at high and low flow rates were identified from the theoretical analysis. The theoretical spray performance discussed in this study would be a basic form for the design of a variable flow swirl nozzle, and be subject to calibration for a specific configuration of the swirl nozzle. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KOO, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 671 EP 678 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100008 ER PT J AU KOO, YM KUHLMAN, DK AF KOO, YM KUHLMAN, DK TI SPRAY PERFORMANCE MODELS OF A DESIGNED SWIRL NOZZLE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; VARIABLE FLOW NOZZLE; NOZZLE DESIGN AB An experimental swirl nozzle was developed as a conceptional design of a variable flow nozzle characterized with an improved turn-down ratio with consistent spray performance (Koo and Kuhlman, 1993). The spray characteristics of the experimental nozzle were calibrated using the theoretical performance of swirl-type nozzles. The models of the discharge coefficient, the swath coefficient, and the volume median diameter were assessed by comparing predictions to experimental data. Predicted spray performance from the models correlated rationally with experimental results. Spray characteristics of the experimental nozzle were governed by the theoretical extreme conditions as well as major variables. The lower extreme condition was characterized by unique spray performance in the turbulent flow region. The upper extreme condition was characterized by an increase of spray flow velocity due to the critical limit of air core area. The calibrated models can be applied to the design and development of a variable flow nozzle. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KOO, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 679 EP 684 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100009 ER PT J AU KOO, YM KUHLMAN, DK AF KOO, YM KUHLMAN, DK TI A VARIABLE FLOW NOZZLE WITH CONSISTENT SPRAY PERFORMANCE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; SIMULATION; SPRAY PERFORMANCE; COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AB A variable flow nozzle, characterized by consistent spray performance over a wide flow range, was designed using a simulation technique with spray models of a prototype swirl nozzle (Koo and Kuhlman, 1993b). The models used in the simulation were developed and calibrated for the variable flow nozzle in previous studies. The use of a variable flow nozzle in the direct-injection-mixing, total-flow-control system is deemed necessary to pursue precise application and minimal exposure to chemicals. The consistent spray performance was maintained by the proper combination of nozzle pressure and inlet area with an improved turn-down ratio, defined as the ratio of maximum flow rate to minimum flow rate with acceptable spray performance. The coefficients of variance (CV) of the swath coefficient and volume median diameter were 3.4% and 3.5% for a 1. 19 mm orifice diameter (D3) with a turn-down ratio of 3.6. The simulated performance of the variable flow nozzle was consistent, and the flow range was wide enough for a total-flow-control system. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KOO, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 685 EP 690 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100010 ER PT J AU KRUSE, EG CHAMPION, DF CUEVAS, DL YODER, RE YOUNG, D AF KRUSE, EG CHAMPION, DF CUEVAS, DL YODER, RE YOUNG, D TI CROP WATER-USE FROM SHALLOW, SALINE WATER TABLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; CORN; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IRRIGATION; LYSIMETERS; SALINITY; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER TABLES; WHEAT ID SALT AB The effect of shallow, saline water tables on the irrigation requirements of corn, alfalfa, and winter wheat was determined using lysimeters in western Colorado. The crops were grown with no water table and with water-table depths of 0.60 and 1.05 m supplied with water having electrical conductivities of 0.66, 3.0, and 6.0 dS/m. The portion of total seasonal evapotranspiration supplied from shallow groundwater was strongly affected by water-table depth and, for corn and wheat, slightly affected by salinity of the water in the saturated zone. Results suggest that surface irrigations may be reduced when shallow water tables are present. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,GRAND JCT,CO. US WEATHER SERV,GRAND JCT,CO. BREWER ENVIRONM SERV INC,MKT,HONOLULU,HI. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP KRUSE, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 697 EP 707 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100012 ER PT J AU TROOIEN, TP REICHMAN, GA AF TROOIEN, TP REICHMAN, GA TI INTERNAL DRAINAGE UNDER IRRIGATION OF 2 SLOWLY PERMEABLE SUBSOILS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; CORN ID CORN YIELD; WATER; NITROGEN; DAKOTA AB Lack of water limits crop yield in the semiarid northern Great Plains but many soils of the northern Great Plains have been thought to be nonirrigable because of their slowly permeable subsoils. We measured the internal drainage in response to two levels of nitrogen fertility and three levels of irrigation or overirrigation - one, two, or three times the calculated evapotranspiration - of corn (Zea mays L.) at two sites for five and six years. Both of our sites had subsoils classified as slowly permeable; one site had alluvial subsoil, the other had glacial till subsoil. For sufficient nitrogen fertility (200 kg N / ha) at the glacial till site, drainage between 1 July and harvest from the 2ET treatment was 109 mm greater than from the 1 ET treatment; drainage from the 3ET treatment was 197 mm greater than from the 2ET treatment. Insufficient nitrogen fertility (100 kg N / ha) reduced crop water use and resulted in greater drainage. At the glacial till site, the average internal drainage between 1 July and harvest from all three irrigation treatments at 100 kg N / ha was 100 mm greater than at 200 kg N / ha. The maximum five-year average drainage amount between 1 July and harvest at the till site was 471 mm, more water than the average applied to the 1ET treatments during the same period. Tensiometer measurements occasionally indicated saturation at the 2.0-m depth at the alluvial site, but not at 0.9 or 1.35 m; saturation was never encountered al the till site at 0.9, 1.35, or 2.0 m. Based on the measured drainage rates and lack of perched water table development, the soils tested in this study can drain enough water to permit successful well-managed irrigation. RP TROOIEN, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 709 EP 715 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100013 ER PT J AU ZHANG, J ELLIOTT, RL KETRING, DL AF ZHANG, J ELLIOTT, RL KETRING, DL TI ROOT DISTRIBUTION MODELS APPLIED TO PEANUTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ROOT; PEANUT; MODEL ID GRAIN LEGUMES; SOIL; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Greater understanding of root distribution and water uptake can lead to improved modeling of water transport processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were grown in the field under both well-irrigated and limited-irrigated conditions. On four different sampling dates, root length density (RLD) data were obtained at eight depths and in three locations relative to the crop row. The RLD tended to be substantially greater at shallow depths in the crop row, and to be more uniform with depth for sampling locations away from the crop row. Linear and exponential models were developed for representing the spatial distribution of roots in either one or two dimensions. The exponential model better described the observed peanut root distributions. A normalized root length density was used to determine relative root distributions over four equal depth increments. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP ZHANG, J (reprint author), S FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DIST,W PALM BEACH,FL, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 727 EP 734 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100015 ER PT J AU MCCOOL, DK GEORGE, GO FRECKLETON, M DOUGLAS, CL PAPENDICK, RI AF MCCOOL, DK GEORGE, GO FRECKLETON, M DOUGLAS, CL PAPENDICK, RI TI TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT ON EROSION FROM CROPLAND IN THE NORTHWESTERN WHEAT REGION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; SLOPE LENGTH; SLOPE STEEPNESS; TOPOGRAPHY; PACIFIC NORTHWEST ID SOIL AB Accurate erosion prediction on rainfed cropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region has been severely hampered by lack of suitable slope length and steepness relationships. Relationships derived from data from the humid regions of the United States over-predicted the effect of slope steepness for the steep slopes commonly cultivated in the Pacific Northwest. In this 10-year field study, rill erosion data were collected from selected fields along an 80-km transect across eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Data from more than 2,100 slope segments were used to develop new slope length and steepness relationships. These new relationships will significantly improve erosion prediction in this region. C1 US SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PENDLETON,OR. US SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PORTLAND,OR. USDA ARS,PENDLETON,OR. RP MCCOOL, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99163, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 771 EP 775 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100020 ER PT J AU ROCHESTER, EW DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF AF ROCHESTER, EW DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF TI COMPUTER-CONTROLLED SENSOR CARRIAGE FOR SIMULATED CENTER-PIVOT MOVEMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Note DE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS; EVALUATION ID UNIFORMITY AB A computer-controlled carriage mechanism and associated software were developed to simulate the movement of a center pivot or linear move irrigation system. The mechanism, which moves along a track, has the capability of moving and positioning a sensor at speeds varying from 0 to 2 m/min. Many sensors can be used. So far, a rain gauge has been used on the mechanism to measure the effect of start-stop sequences of sprinkler movement on application depth. The mechanism can be controlled manually from a computer keyboard or directly from experimental velocity data stored on computer disk. Data from the sensor, along with carriage velocity and elapsed time, are collected and stored in a separate data file for later analysis. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NO PLAINS AREA,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP ROCHESTER, EW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 795 EP 797 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100024 ER PT J AU MCLENDON, BD BRANCH, BG THOMPSON, SA KRASZEWSKI, A NELSON, SO AF MCLENDON, BD BRANCH, BG THOMPSON, SA KRASZEWSKI, A NELSON, SO TI DENSITY-INDEPENDENT MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE-CONTENT IN STATIC AND FLOWING GRAIN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GRAIN; MOISTURE CONTENT; MICROWAVES; NMR ID WHEAT AB Conventional techniques for the determination of moisture content in grain often use small static samples to represent several tons of material. A more desirable alternative would be a method which utilizes continuous dynamic moisture measurement of the grain. The potential for making density-independent moisture content measurements in both static and flowing grain using microwave frequencies was evaluated in tests with soft red winter wheat over moisture contents from 11% to 19% (w.b.). Moisture measurements were predicted within +/-0.7% for the static samples and within +/-1.2% for wheat in a dynamic solid-flow condition. For suspended flow (aerated sample of grain) scatter became more apparent and the system accuracy decreased. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MCLENDON, BD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 827 EP 835 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100029 ER PT J AU KANDALA, CVK NELSON, SO LEFFLER, RG LAWRENCE, KC DAVIS, RC AF KANDALA, CVK NELSON, SO LEFFLER, RG LAWRENCE, KC DAVIS, RC TI INSTRUMENT FOR SINGLE-KERNEL NONDESTRUCTIVE MOISTURE MEASUREMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MOISTURE CONTENT; CORN; SINGLE KERNELS; MEASUREMENT ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RF IMPEDANCE; CORN AB A prototype instrument, constructed for practical demonstration of the nondestructive measurement of moisture content in single corn kernels by RF impedance measurements at frequencies of 1.0 and 4.5 MHz, is described. The principles of the measurement are presented. The mechanical single-kernel feeder and parallel-plate electrode assembly that form a part of the instrument are described. The impedance magnitude and phase measuring electronic circuits designed and constructed for the instrument are also described briefly. In initial calibration and performance tests with corn ranging from 11 to 25% moisture, wet basis, more than 80% of the kernels were measured to within 1% moisture content of reference values determined by oven-drying procedures. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP KANDALA, CVK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,INSTRUMENT SHOP,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 849 EP 854 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100032 ER PT J AU CHEN, YR MASSIE, DR AF CHEN, YR MASSIE, DR TI VISIBLE NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE AND INTERACTANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR DETECTION OF ABNORMAL POULTRY CARCASSES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; SEPTICEMIA; CADAVER; CLASSIFICATION; INSPECTION; DISEASED; QUALITY AB The results of the development of a nondestructive and noninvasive technique for the detection of abnormal Poultry carcasses using a diode array spectrophotometer system were presented. Visible/near-infrared reflectance and interactance spectra (500 to 1113 nm) for both sides of the breast of normal, septicemic, and cadaver poultry carcasses were obtained using a fiber optic probe with the spectrophotometer. Optimal wavelengths for correlating the spectral reflectance and interactance and second difference with the condition of the poultry carcasses were obtained In general, differentiating between the normal and cadaver carcasses was more accurate than differentiating between normal and septicemic and between septicemic and cadaver. It was concluded that this technique can be used to separate normal carcasses from the abnormal (septicemic and cadaver) ones with good accuracy. The model based on second differences of interactance spectra, which requires 24 wavelength readings, yielded a classification accuracy of 93.3% for normal carcasses and 96.2%for the abnormal carcasses. Alternative decision criteria could be chosen so that none of abnormal carcasses were misclassified as normal. However, for a sensor limited to four wavelength readings, the model based on the reflectances should be used The reflectance model required four wavelength readings and provided a classification accuracy of 94.4% for normal carcasses and 93.1% for abnormal carcasses. RP CHEN, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 863 EP 869 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100034 ER PT J AU WOLF, WW VAUGHN, CR HARRIS, R LOPER, GM AF WOLF, WW VAUGHN, CR HARRIS, R LOPER, GM TI INSECT RADAR CROSS-SECTIONS FOR AERIAL DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS AND TARGET CLASSIFICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE POLARIZATION; ASPECTS ANGLE; CORN EARWORM; HONEY BEE; STINK BUG; BOLLWEEVIL; LESSER CORN STALK BORER; FALL ARMYWORM ID MIGRATION AB Radar cross-sections (RCS) of adults Of six insect species were measured with a high-resolution radar for selected aspect angles and polarization angles. These data were fit to transcendental equations relating RCS to aspect angle or polarization angle. Insect weight ranged from 256 mg to 10 mg for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, respectively. Radar cross-sections varied from 3 cm2 to 5 x 10(-4) cm2 for an Apis mellifera (L.) queen and Elasmopalpus lignosellus, respectively. An example illustrates how mean RCS and polarization modulation can be used to develop an insect classification system. The results suggest that appropriately measured RCS properties can be used with altitude, time of flight, wing beating rate, flight direction, and true airspeed to define a classification system. Classification of radar targets could provide an estimate of the proportion of targets that have properties similar to a specific species. C1 NASA,WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL,WALLOPS ISL,VA. USDA ARS,HONEYBEE LAB,TUCSON,AZ. METRATEK INC,FALLS CHURCH,VA. RP WOLF, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CIPMRU,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 949 EP 954 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100044 ER PT J AU HOWARTH, MS STANWOOD, PC AF HOWARTH, MS STANWOOD, PC TI MEASUREMENT OF SEEDLING GROWTH-RATE BY MACHINE VISION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACHINE VISION; SEEDS; VIGOR AB Seed vigor and germination tests have traditionally been used to determine deterioration of seed samples. Vigor tests describe the seed potential to emerge and produce a mature crop under certain field conditions and one measure is seedling growth rate. A machine vision system was developed to measure root growth rate over the entire germination period The machine vision measurement technique was compared to the manual growth rate technique. The vision system provided similar growth rate measurements as compared to the manual growth rate technique. The average error between the system and manual measurement was -0. 13 cm for the lettuce test and -0.07 cm for the sorghum test. This technique also provided an accurate representation of the growth rate as well as percent germination. RP HOWARTH, MS (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 959 EP 963 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100046 ER PT J AU BEERWINKLE, KR WITZ, JA SCHLEIDER, PG AF BEERWINKLE, KR WITZ, JA SCHLEIDER, PG TI AN AUTOMATED, VERTICAL LOOKING, X-BAND RADAR SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUSLY MONITORING AERIAL INSECT ACTIVITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOLOGICAL RADAR; NOCTUID MIGRATION; INSECT DETECTION; RADAR ID SPODOPTERA-EXEMPTA; ARMYWORM MOTH; MIGRATION; GRASSHOPPERS; ORTHOPTERA; FLIGHT; MALI AB The design, construction, calibration, and field performance of an automated, vertical looking, x-band radar system for continuously monitoring aerial insect activity is described The system was comprised of a 1.83-m diameter circular parabolic dish antenna fitted with a noise-attenuating shroud and a rotating feed, a 10-kW marine transceiver with a display that had seven-level signal detection circuitry, and a computer-controlled automatic data logging system. Calibration results indicated noctuid-sized insect targets could be detected to a maximum range of about 2500 m, and the system provided data for estimating a size distribution for detected targets. Typical research data are presented to illustrate the field performance of the system. Radar. RP BEERWINKLE, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,SCRL,CROP INSECTS PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 965 EP 970 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP251 UT WOS:A1993LP25100047 ER PT J AU CREGG, BM TESKEY, RO DOUGHERTY, PM AF CREGG, BM TESKEY, RO DOUGHERTY, PM TI EFFECT OF SHADE STRESS ON GROWTH, MORPHOLOGY, AND CARBON DYNAMICS OF LOBLOLLY-PINE BRANCHES SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON ALLOCATION; PINUS-TAEDA AB Shade treatments were applied to the terminal portions of branches in loblolly pine trees to test whether portions of branches were autonomous with respect to carbohydrates. The shade treatments reduced light by 50% and 72% compared with full sun conditions resulting in significant reductions in net photosynthesis. Branch growth (branch diameter and length, branch and needle biomass) decreased significantly within the shaded portion of the branch. Branch and needle morphology were also affected by shading. Lateral branches subtending terminal shoots were labelled with C-14 times during the growing season. No movement of C-14 into the terminal portions of the branch was evident during the first growth flush. However, during the second flush of growth small but statistically significant amounts of C-14 were imported into the terminal portion of the shaded branches from subtending laterals. It was concluded that loblolly pine shoots were usually autonomous with respect to carbohydrate supply, but that carbohydrate movement into the terminal shoot from subtending foliage could occur under conditions of very high stress. RP CREGG, BM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,FOREST SCI LAB,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LD793 UT WOS:A1993LD79300003 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A AF TAYLOR, A TI AMINOPEPTIDASES - TOWARDS A MECHANISM OF ACTION SO TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LEUCYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; PROLYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; BOVINE LENS; GENE; BESTATIN; PROTEIN; INHIBITOR; KIDNEY AB Aminopeptidases catalyse the removal of amino acids from peptide substrates. Although many functions have been ascribed to these enzymes, lack of knowledge of their complex structure has prevented detailed analysis. Several recent studies have now provided information on the structure and molecular biology of these enzymes, the kinetics of substrate hydrolysis and inhibitor binding. These new data allow prediction of a model mechanism of action for a large subgroup of aminopeptidases. RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566]; PHS HHS [53-3K06-0-1] NR 43 TC 190 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0968-0004 J9 TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI JI Trends Biochem.Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 18 IS 5 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LC723 UT WOS:A1993LC72300008 PM 8328016 ER PT J AU MARKSTROM, DC KING, RM AF MARKSTROM, DC KING, RM TI CUBIC FOOT WEIGHT SCALING OF ROCKY-MOUNTAIN AREA SAWTIMBER SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE CUBIC FOOT; WEIGHT SCALING; TRUCKLOADS; PINUS-PONDEROSA; PICEA-ENGELMANNII; ABIES-CONCOLOR AB Cubic-foot/weight scaling of short ponderosa pine and white spruce logs required less than half the number of truckloads to be both weighed and stick scaled as compared with the number required for Scribner board-foot/weight scaling. Cubic-foot/weight scaling of long Engelmann spruce and white fir logs resulted in 19% fewer loads to be weighed and stick scaled as compared with the number required for Scribner board-foot/weight scaling. The study showed that ratio weights need to be recalculated depending upon changes in timber size and woods storage time. RP MARKSTROM, DC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1993 IS RM-311 BP U1 EP 9 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LY087 UT WOS:A1993LY08700001 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH AF RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH TI EVALUATING THE MICROSCOPIC FECAL TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING HARD MAST IN TURKEY DIETS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE FECAL ANALYSES; MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE; MICROHISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE; TURKEY (MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO) DIETS AB Wild and domestic dark turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were fed experimental diets containing acorn (Quercus gambelli), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed, grasses, forbs, and arthropods. In fecal estimates of diet composition, acorn and ponderosa pine seed were underestimated and grass was overestimated. Regression of acorn and pine seed in experimental diets with microscopic fecal estimates indicated significant nonlinear relationships. Based on regression analyses, corrected acorn and pine seed composition in diets did not differ from experimental diets. Corrected estimates for grass were slightly overestimated. Corrected estimates for forbs and arthropods were slightly underestimated. Corrected diet estimates had smaller standard errors than microscopic fecal estimates. RP RUMBLE, MA (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1993 IS RM-310 BP U1 EP U4 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LX553 UT WOS:A1993LX55300001 ER PT J AU SMITH, WP TWEDT, DJ WIEDENFELD, DA HAMEL, PB FORD, RP COOPER, RJ AF SMITH, WP TWEDT, DJ WIEDENFELD, DA HAMEL, PB FORD, RP COOPER, RJ TI POINT COUNTS OF BIRDS IN BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS OF THE MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY - DURATION, MINIMUM SAMPLE-SIZE, AND POINTS VERSUS VISITS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE CENSUS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; POWER METHOD; SAMPLING PROTOCOL AB To compare efficacy of point count sampling in bottomland hardwood forests, duration of point count, number of point counts, number of visits to each point during a breeding season, and minimum sample size were examined. Minimum sample sizes were computed from the variation recorded during 82 point counts from 3 selected localities containing 3 habitat types (wet, mesic, and dry) across 3 regions of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (northern, central, and southern). For each of these point counts, all birds seen or heard during the initial 3 minutes and during each minute thereafter up to 10 minutes within three concentric distance categories (<25 m, 25 to 50 m, and >50 m) were recorded. In a second study, the effect of increasing the number of points or visits was determined by comparing the results of 150 4-minute point counts obtained from each of four stands on Delta Experimental Forest. Within each stand, bootstrap estimates of the mean cumulative number of species each year were obtained from all possible combinations of six points and six visits. Similar analyses of 384 counts obtained from 132 points distributed among 56 sites in west Tennessee bottomland forests were undertaken. Mean number of species recorded during 5- and 10-minute counts were 10.3 and 12.9 and 11.3 and 14.7 for the lower MAV and west Tennessee, respectively. There was significant variation in numbers of birds and species between regions and localities nested within regions; neither habitat nor the interaction between region and habitat was significant. Sample size sufficient to detect actual differences of some species (e.g., wood thrush [Hylocichla mustelina]) was >500; for other species (e.g., prothonotary warbler [Protonotaria citrea]), this same level of precision could be achieved with <10 counts. Significant differences in mean cumulative species were detected among the number of points visited and among the number of visits to a point. Although no interaction was detected between number of points and number of visits, when paired reciprocals were compared, more points invariably yielded significantly greater cumulative number of species than more visits to a point in the lower MAV. In west Tennessee, more points yielded either similar or significantly more cumulative species than more visits. RP SMITH, WP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1993 IS 274 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ028 UT WOS:A1993LQ02800001 ER PT J AU KASPERS, B LILLEHOJ, HS LILLEHOJ, EP AF KASPERS, B LILLEHOJ, HS LILLEHOJ, EP TI CHICKEN MACROPHAGES AND THROMBOCYTES SHARE A COMMON CELL-SURFACE ANTIGEN DEFINED BY A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; IA-ANTIGEN; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUSES AB A monoclonal antibody (mAb), desginated K1, reacted with a cell surface antigen shared on chicken macrophages and thrombocytes. By immunofluorescence staining, the mAb K1 was reactive with 31.8% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) separated on Histopaque. In contrast, only 3.2% of PBL separated by slow-speed centrifugation were K1 positive. This antibody did not react with B- or T-lymphocytes, as demonstrated by the very small percentage of positive cells in thymus, bursa and spleen. Furthermore, no staining was observed with avian T-cell (MDCC-RP1 and SK3) or B-cell (LSCC-RP9) lines. Adherent cells derived from PBL separated on Histopaque and cultured for 48 h in plastic cell culture dishes were 81.5% positive with K1. These cells were also 82.6% positive with an antibody detecting the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II antigen in chickens, indicating that they were monocyte-derived macrophages. Sheep red blood cell phagocytosis by these cells could be demonstrated, further supporting their macrophage lineage. In addition, K1 stained virtually 100% of HD11 cells, a chicken macrophage cell line, as well as 86.7% of peritoneal exudate cells. Eighty five percent of plastic adherent cells from PBL collected after 2 h of adherence reacted with the mAb K1, but only 8% of these cells were MHC Class II positive. These cells were morphologically identified as thrombocytes. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the K1-reactive antigen consisted of a heterodimer with constituent polypeptide chains of 135 kDa and 61-68 kDa. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 333 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90029-4 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA LB566 UT WOS:A1993LB56600003 PM 8333143 ER PT J AU KLESIUS, PH AF KLESIUS, PH TI RAPID ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT TESTS FOR DETECTING ANTIBODIES TO EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI IN CHANNEL CATFISH, ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS, USING EXOANTIGEN SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; TEMPERATURE; RAFINESQUE; ELISA AB A rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to evaluate sera from channel catfish with and without Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. Anti-E. ictaluri antibodies were detected in the sera from 94 of 100 infected catfish. Specific antibodies were not detected in the sera from 100 non-infected fish. The ELISA was based on the Falcon Assay Screening Test (FAST) and was performed in 30 min. An E. ictaluri exoantigen was used in the FAST-ELISA. The immunodominance of the exoantigen was shown by reactivity with monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the predominant epitope of E. ictaluri. The FAST-ELISA was found to be ideal for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological purposes of detecting and monitoring E. ictaluri antibody responses. RP KLESIUS, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90031-X PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA LB566 UT WOS:A1993LB56600005 PM 8333144 ER PT J AU ELFAKI, MG KLEVEN, SH RAGLAND, WL STEFFENS, WL BLANKENSHIP, LL AF ELFAKI, MG KLEVEN, SH RAGLAND, WL STEFFENS, WL BLANKENSHIP, LL TI EVIDENCE FOR A COMMON EPITOPE ON THE SURFACE OF MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM DEFINED BY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN; PNEUMONIAE; SYNOVIAE; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINES; PURIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; PHYTOCHROME; ANTIGENS AB An antigen containing a common epitope in most strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum was purified by isoelectric focusing and used in the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Of several mAb produced, only one mAb reacted with focused component and with all six strains of. M. gallisepticum except strain 6/85. This mAb was designated MG3D6.A5, and it was subsequently purified with immobilized rProtein A(tm). The MG3D6.A5 mAb recognized a common epitope on a molecule with relative molecular weight of 98 kilodaltons (kDa), termed p98. No binding was observed when the MG3D6.A5 mAb was reacted against antigens extracted from other mycoplasma species, indicating its species-specificity. Physicochemical studies revealed that p98 had an isoelectric point of 5.2, was stable to heat, and was resistant to periodate oxidation but sensitive to trypsin treatment, suggesting that p98 is a nonglycosylated protein. Furthermore, ultrastructural studies with colloidal gold revealed that M. gallisepticum cells were selectively stained with MG3D6.A5 mAb to p98. The latter was focally distributed on the surface of a mycoplasma cell membrane near the attachment organelle. These results suggest that p98 is a highly conserved protein in M. gallisepticum strains, is immunogenic, and is surface-accessible; its binding specificity to MG3D6.A5 mAb could be used to identify M. gallisepticum in multiple cultures. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT AVIAN MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANAT & RADIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90123-O PG 17 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA LH322 UT WOS:A1993LH32200013 PM 7689775 ER PT J AU BJORLAND, J BROWN, D GAMBLE, HR MCAULEY, JB AF BJORLAND, J BROWN, D GAMBLE, HR MCAULEY, JB TI TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION IN PIGS IN THE BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; SWINE TRICHINOSIS; SLAUGHTERHOUSES; DIAGNOSIS AB Trichinella spiralis infection has been reported sporadically in several areas in Central and South America. However, several countries, including Bolivia, have not reported trichinellosis in animals or humans. A small survey of pigs slaughtered in an abattoir in Bolivia was undertaken during September 1991, to determine the presence of Trichinella spiralis. In a group of 100 pigs slaughtered consecutively on a single day and tested using the pooled digestion method, two of eight pools (25%) were positive. Twenty-one of 188 pigs (11.2%) from ten communities slaughtered consecutively on a second day tested positive for the presence of antibodies to Trichinella spiralis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was concluded that trichinellosis is present in pigs in Bolivia and the rate of infection may be quite high. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DANCHURCHAID,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. LIDIVET,MISS BRITANICA,SANTA CRUZ,BOLIVIA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90036-M PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA LC993 UT WOS:A1993LC99300017 PM 8333140 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR KEHRLI, ME HAWKINS, HK AMENSON, JL GALLAGHER, JE AF ACKERMANN, MR KEHRLI, ME HAWKINS, HK AMENSON, JL GALLAGHER, JE TI IDENTIFICATION OF BETA-2-INTEGRINS IN BOVINE NEUTROPHILS BY SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY IN THE BACKSCATTER MODE AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BETA-2-INTEGRINS; BACKSCATTER IMAGING; BOVINE LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY ID DEFICIENCY RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 30 IS 3 BP 296 EP 298 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA LC995 UT WOS:A1993LC99500011 PM 8101403 ER PT J AU DAVIS, EA AF DAVIS, EA TI CHAPARRAL CONTROL IN MOSAIC PATTERN INCREASED STREAMFLOW AND MITIGATED NITRATE LOSS IN ARIZONA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE FOREST HYDROLOGY; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT; CHAPARRAL; CHAPARRAL CONTROL; WATER YIELD AUGMENTATION ID WATER YIELD; CONVERSION; GRASS AB In a 16-year paired watershed study in Arizona, a 303-acre chaparral watershed was treated by helicopter in a mosaic pattern (55 percent of watershed) with tebuthiuron herbicide pellets to control the moderately dense, heavy water-using chaparral. The, objective was to determine if annual stream discharge could be increased without degrading other resource values. An adjacent untreated chaparral watershed served as the control on which to base the water quantity and quality treatment effects. Annual streamflow was increased by 1.5 to 5 inches over a seven-year evaluation period. The streamflow increase was accompanied by a small but statistically significant increase in nitrate concentration. The relatively small nitrate response was attributed to the mosaic treatment. Nitrate released from the converted areas was diluted by streamflow from untreated areas, thereby reducing nitrate concentrations in streamflow at the watershed outlet. RP DAVIS, EA (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,SW FOREST SCI COMPLEX,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 391 EP 399 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MC629 UT WOS:A1993MC62900005 ER PT J AU HAVIS, RN ALONSO, CV KING, JG THUROW, RF AF HAVIS, RN ALONSO, CV KING, JG THUROW, RF TI A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL OF SALMONID SPAWNING HABITAT SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE SALMONID; EGGS; SEDIMENT INTRUSION; GRAVEL; WATER QUALITY; MODELS ID GRAVEL BED; FINE; SEDIMENT; DEPOSITION AB A simulation model [Salmonid Spawning Analysis Model (SSAM)] was developed as a management tool to evaluate the relative impacts of stream sediment load and water temperature on salmonid egg survival. The model is useful for estimating acceptable sediment loads to spawning habitat that may result from upland development, such as logging and agriculture. Software in common use in the USA were adapted for use in gravel bedded rivers and linked to simulate water temperature (the USFWS Instream Water Temperature, SNTEMP model) and water and sediment routing (the USAE Scour and Deposition in Rivers and Reservoirs, HEC-6 model, version 3.2). These models drive the redd (spawning nest) model (the USDA-ARS Sediment Intrusion Dissolved Oxygen SIDO model) which simulates sediment intrusion and dissolved oxygen concentration in the redd environment. The SSAM model predictions of dissolved oxygen and water temperature compared favorably with field data from artificial redds containing hatchery chinook salmon eggs. C1 USDA ARS,SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38665. US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,BOISE,ID 83702. RP HAVIS, RN (reprint author), HAVIS ENVIRONM,1916 ORCHARD PL,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 435 EP 444 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MC629 UT WOS:A1993MC62900010 ER PT J AU MCINTYRE, SC AF MCINTYRE, SC TI RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION-RATES LINKED TO LONG-TERM CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT; EROSION; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; CESIUM-137; SEDIMENT DELIVERY RATIO; USLE AB Long-term land use and reservoir sedimentation were quantified and linked in a small agricultural reservoir-watershed system without having historical data. Land use was determined from a time sequence of aerial photographs, and reservoir sedimentation was determined from cores with Cs-137 dating techniques. They were linked by relating sediment deposition to potential sediment production which was determined by the Universal Soil Loss Equation and by SCS estimates for gullied land. Sediment cores were collected from Tecumseh Lake, a 55-ha reservoir with a 1,189-ha agricultural watershed, constructed in 1934 in central Oklahoma. Reservoir sediment deposition decreased from an average of 5,933 Mg/yr from 1934 to 1954, to 3,179 Mg/yr from 1954 to 1962, and finally to 1,017 Mg/yr from 1962 to 1987. Potential sediment production decreased from an average of 29,892 to 11,122 and then to 3,589 Mg/yr for the same time periods as above, respectively. Reductions in deposition and sediment production corresponded to reductions in cultivated and abandoned cropland which became perennial pasture. Together, cultivated and abandoned cropland accounted for 59 percent of the watershed in 1937, 24 percent in 1954, and 10 percent in 1962. Roadway erosion, stream bank erosion, stored stream channel sediment, and long-term precipitation were considered, but none seemed to play a significant role in changing sediment deposition rates. Instead, the dominant factor was the conversion of fields to perennial pastures. The effect of conservation measures on reservoir sedimentation can now be quantified for many reservoirs where historical data is not available. RP MCINTYRE, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 487 EP 495 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MC629 UT WOS:A1993MC62900015 ER PT J AU KIM, CS HOSTETLER, J AMACHER, G AF KIM, CS HOSTETLER, J AMACHER, G TI THE REGULATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY WITH DELAYED-RESPONSES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This research develops a dynamic model of input regulation in the presence of externalities that do not occur simultaneously with input use. The model is formulated to study the regulation of firms that apply fertilizer, where leachate from the application of fertilizer accumulates in groundwater over time. In the model we show the derivation of an optimal nitrogen user fee and the consequences of regulatory design when time lags between nitrogen application and nitrate contamination are present. This research also responds to the need of developing a general solution algorithm for an optimal control model when the control variable exhibits a delayed response. A multistage solution algorithm presented in this paper is different from other studies in that a typical relationship is not assumed for the state and adjoint variables. RP KIM, CS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WATER BRANCH,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.1029/93WR00287 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LB573 UT WOS:A1993LB57300003 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E FRITZ, H HENRICH, B JAKUPOVIC, J SCHILLING, G ROITMAN, JN AF WOLLENWEBER, E FRITZ, H HENRICH, B JAKUPOVIC, J SCHILLING, G ROITMAN, JN TI RARE FLAVONOID AGLYCONES FROM ANAPHALIS-MARGARITACEA AND 2 GNAPHALIUM SPECIES SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ANAPHALIS-MARGARITACEA; GNAPHALIUM SPECIES; ASTERACEAE; INULEAE; EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS ID OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES; EXUDATE AB Anaphalis margaritacea, Gnaphalium chilense and G. microecephalum have been analyzed for flavonoid aglycones deposited externally on aerial parts. Anaphalis was found to produce, among others, several rare flavonoids, all of which are O-substituted in position 6 and mostly also in position 8. Both Gnaphalium species exhibit 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone as the major exudate flavonoid. C1 TECH UNIV BERLIN,FB 5,INST ORGAN CHEM,W-1000 BERLIN 12,GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST ORGAN CHEM,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LJ082 UT WOS:A1993LJ08200004 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC AF ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC TI ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE - COMPLETE PRIMARY STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION BY CHEMICAL SEQUENCING SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ACID-PHOSPHATASE; GENE; HOMOLOGY; PROTEIN RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 30 PY 1993 VL 192 IS 2 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1477 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LA360 UT WOS:A1993LA36000060 PM 8387289 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC AF ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC TI IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE-SITE RESIDUES IN ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM EXTRACELLULAR PH 2.5 OPTIMUM ACID-PHOSPHATASE SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL GENE; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; CLONING; PHYTASE RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 30 PY 1993 VL 192 IS 2 BP 754 EP 759 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1478 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LA360 UT WOS:A1993LA36000061 PM 8484781 ER PT J AU BRONSON, RT LIPMAN, RD HARRISON, DE AF BRONSON, RT LIPMAN, RD HARRISON, DE TI AGE-RELATED GLIOSIS IN THE WHITE MATTER OF MICE SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MOUSE; BRAIN; AGING; GLIOSIS; WHITE MATTER; CALORIC RESTRICTION ID NEURON NUMBERS; RAT; HYPERTROPHY; CORTEX; MEMORY; BRAIN AB A histopathologic study of the brains from 96 mice, ranging in age from 3 to 57 months in age, documents an age-associated increase in hypertrophic astrocytes in white matter. This report of gliosis is distinct from previously reported proliferation of glial cells in the grey matter. Four genotypes, CBA/HT6J, C57BL/6J, B6CBAT6F1J, and B6C3F1 were positive for this age-related lesion. Most very old mice utilized in this study were calorically restricted, a dietary manipulation long known to result in increased longevity in rodents. Caloric restriction appears to delay the age associated increase of this lesion. Immunoperoxidase staining for the astrocycte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) confirmed the progressive increase in the density of stainable astrocytes with increase in age. GFAP staining of white matter increased in both diet groups with age. These findings present an interesting model for the study of aberrant cellular activity and perhaps neurodegeneration, modulated by caloric restriction. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. JACKSON LAB,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609. RP BRONSON, RT (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 00594, AG 07747, AG06232] NR 21 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 609 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90864-J PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KY712 UT WOS:A1993KY71200018 PM 8508295 ER PT J AU BHATNAGAR, D EHRLICH, KC CLEVELAND, TE AF BHATNAGAR, D EHRLICH, KC CLEVELAND, TE TI BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AFLATOXIN-B(2) PRODUCING MUTANT OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1234 EP A1234 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84801139 ER PT J AU CARY, J BROWN, R CLEVELAND, T WHITEHEAD, M DEAN, R AF CARY, J BROWN, R CLEVELAND, T WHITEHEAD, M DEAN, R TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF A PECTINASE GENE FROM ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CLEMSON UNIV,CLEMSON,SC 29631. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1298 EP A1298 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84801512 ER PT J AU CHANG, PK BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, T AF CHANG, PK BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, T TI DISRUPTION OF AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY THROUGH GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION IN ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1229 EP A1229 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84801110 ER PT J AU HUANG, JK BAGBY, MO NAKAMURA, LK KEUDELL, KC KLOPFENSTEIN, WE AF HUANG, JK BAGBY, MO NAKAMURA, LK KEUDELL, KC KLOPFENSTEIN, WE TI MICROBIAL SCREENINGS FOR THE PRODUCTIONS OF KETO FATTY-ACIDS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,MACOMB,IL 61455. WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MACOMB,IL 61455. USDA ARS,NCAUR,OIL CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NCAUR,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1309 EP A1309 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84801575 ER PT J AU HUANG, L SHANG, F TAYLOR, A AF HUANG, L SHANG, F TAYLOR, A TI DEGRADATION OF OXIDATIVELY STRESSED LENS CRYSTALLINS BY BOVINE LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS (BLEC) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1188 EP A1188 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84800872 ER PT J AU JAHNGENHODGE, J SMITH, D PALMER, V DALLAL, G TAYLOR, A FREI, B AF JAHNGENHODGE, J SMITH, D PALMER, V DALLAL, G TAYLOR, A FREI, B TI ASCORBATE LEVELS IN DIETARY RESTRICTED MICE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1241 EP A1241 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84801176 ER PT J AU KOCH, JL VALAITIS, AP AF KOCH, JL VALAITIS, AP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DIGESTIVE PROTEASES OF THE GYPSY-MOTH LARVA AND THE INTERACTION WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1186 EP A1186 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84800859 ER PT J AU MIERNYK, JA AF MIERNYK, JA TI ATPASE AND MOLECULAR CHAPERONE ACTIVITIES OF THE CYTOPLASMIC STRESS-70 PROTEINS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1065 EP A1065 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84800150 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A AF TAYLOR, A TI LENS LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE - 2.3A STRUCTURE, IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE-SITE, MECHANISM OF ACTION, HOMOLOGIES WITH OTHER AMINOPEPTIDASES, REGULATION OF EXPRESSION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1182 EP A1182 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84800836 ER PT J AU ZAHNLEY, JC SMITH, MR AF ZAHNLEY, JC SMITH, MR TI VISUAL DETECTION OF CYCLODEXTRIN DEGRADATION BY BACTERIA ON SOLID MEDIA SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1242 EP A1242 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84801185 ER PT J AU WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ AF WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ TI RESTRICTED FOOD-INTAKE AMELIORATES THE SEVERITY OF COPPER DEFICIENCY IN RATS FED A COPPER-DEFICIENT, HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET SO MEDICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; COPPER; IRON; FRUCTOSE; FOOD INTAKE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-8951 J9 MED SCI RES JI Med. Sci. Res. PD APR 16 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 8 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KY446 UT WOS:A1993KY44600004 ER PT J AU STAUB, GM GLOER, KB GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF STAUB, GM GLOER, KB GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI NEW PASPALININE DERIVATIVES WITH ANTIINSECTAN ACTIVITY FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-NOMIUS SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB 14-Hydroxypaspalinine (3) and 14-(N,N-Dimethyl-L-valyloxy)paspalinine (4) have been isolated from the sclerotia of Aspergillus nomius, and identified by analysis of 2D NMR data. Both compounds cause ca. 90% reduction in weight gain in assays against the com earworm Helicoverpa zea at the 100 ppm (dry weight) dietary level. Paspalinine causes no effect at this concentration. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 16 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 16 BP 2569 EP 2572 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)77627-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA KY216 UT WOS:A1993KY21600004 ER PT J AU MCCLARTY, G FAN, HZ ANDERSEN, AA AF MCCLARTY, G FAN, HZ ANDERSEN, AA TI DIVERSITY IN NUCLEOTIDE ACQUISITION BY ANTIGENICALLY SIMILAR CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI OF AVIAN ORIGIN SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CHLAMYDIA; NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM; THYMIDINE; OMP1 ID MEMBRANE PROTEIN GENE; TRACHOMATIS; CELLS AB Two different nucleic acid precursor utilization patterns were obtained for five avian isolates of Chlamydia psittaci. Three of the isolates behaved in a manner similar to that previously described, showing total dependency on the host cell for ribonucleoside triphosphates and being unable to utilize medium-supplied thymidine. In contrast, the other two isolates were incapable of taking pyrimidine ribonucleotides from the host cell and they could efficiently utilize medium-supplied thymidine. These unusual isolates were resistant to 5-fluorouridine while the other three isolates were sensitive. Of the five isolates only 6BC was sensitive to sulfonamides. The five isolates were divided into two groups by comparing the AluI restriction endonuclease patterns obtained following digestion of the major outer membrane protein (OMP1) gene, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The OMP1 genotyping results were confirmed by serotyping. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP MCCLARTY, G (reprint author), UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ROOM 504,730 WILLIAM AVE,WINNIPEG R3E 0W3,MANITOBA,CANADA. RI Fan, Huizhou/E-5835-2012 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 108 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06123.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KZ299 UT WOS:A1993KZ29900014 PM 8514120 ER PT J AU SVETIC, A MADDEN, KB ZHOU, XD LU, P KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD URBAN, JF GAUSE, WC AF SVETIC, A MADDEN, KB ZHOU, XD LU, P KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD URBAN, JF GAUSE, WC TI A PRIMARY INTESTINAL HELMINTHIC INFECTION RAPIDLY INDUCES A GUT-ASSOCIATED ELEVATION OF TH2-ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES AND IL-3 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPE SELECTION; HELPER T-CELLS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LYMPHOCYTE-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOKINE PRODUCTION; MURINE LEISHMANIASIS; IGE RESPONSE; MAST-CELLS AB The immune response that is characteristic of parasitic helminth infections includes components associated with immediate-type hypersensitivity: elevated serum IgE, eosinophilia, and intestinal mast cell hyperplasia. In infection with the parasitic nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, IL-4 mediates protective immunity, suggesting the presence of a host-protective Th2 response. In this investigation, we examined early stages of immune responsiveness to H. polygyrus infection to determine whether and at what stage a specific Th2-like pattern first appears. Using a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay, we analyzed changes in IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-10 gene expression in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node, and Peyer's patch at various time points after infection. Our results demonstrate a highly specific and reproducible pattern of cytokine gene expression that remains localized to the enteric region. By 6 h after infection, IL-5 and IL-9 mRNA were elevated in the Peyer's patch and IL-3 was elevated by 12 to 24 h after infection. IL-4 RNA became elevated by 4 to 6 days after infection, but little change was observed in IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-10 mRNA levels. The early increases in IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9 gene expression after infection were probably T cell-independent, inasmuch as they were observed in Peyer's patches of congenitally athymic mice and anti-CD4, anti-CD8 mAb-treated conventional mice. However, treatment with these mAb considerably decreased cytokine gene expression 6 days after infection, and 8 days after infection, increased IL-4 gene expression in mesenteric lymph node cells was restricted to the CD4+ population. Thus, H. polygyrus infection induces cytokine gene expression that is restricted to some Th2-associated cytokines, is initiated by a T-independent response, and culminates in a T-dependent response. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI21328] NR 41 TC 197 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP 3434 EP 3441 PN 1 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX321 UT WOS:A1993KX32100035 PM 8468481 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI COMPARISON OF FEBRILE RESPONSES IN CHICKENS TO INFECTIONS BY 3 SPECIES OF COCCIDIA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A214 EP A214 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601234 ER PT J AU BRYANT, JD GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK AF BRYANT, JD GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK TI STUDIES OF TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS SPECIFIC SWINE T-CELL LINES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A71 EP A71 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600406 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, D HARARI, Y HARGIS, B CASTRO, G AF CALDWELL, D HARARI, Y HARGIS, B CASTRO, G TI GUT IMMUNITY IN THE CHICKEN - ANTIGEN-INDUCED CHANGES IN EPITHELIAL FUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77840. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX 77225. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A64 EP A64 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600367 ER PT J AU DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL AF DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL TI EFFECT OF FUMONISIN COMPONENTS ON AVIAN LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A312 EP A312 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601799 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, ST NONNECKE, BJ YOUNG, JW HORST, RL AF FRANKLIN, ST NONNECKE, BJ YOUNG, JW HORST, RL TI EFFECTS OF 13-CIS RETINOIC ACID (13-CIS RA) ADMINISTRATION ON INVITRO IGM PRODUCTION AND PLASMA RETINOID CONCENTRATIONS IN HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A159 EP A159 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600915 ER PT J AU GASBARRE, LC AF GASBARRE, LC TI PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO A GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE OF CATTLE - REACTIVITY OF T-LYMPHOCYTES FROM LOCAL LYMPH-NODES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A157 EP A157 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600903 ER PT J AU HARP, JA CHEN, W HARMSEN, AG HAVELL, EA AF HARP, JA CHEN, W HARMSEN, AG HAVELL, EA TI IMPORTANCE OF GAMMA-INTERFERON IN RESISTANCE OF SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT (SCID) MICE TO INFECTION WITH CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. TRUDEAU INST INC,SARANAC LAKE,NY 12983. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A67 EP A67 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600379 ER PT J AU ISAACSON, J WHETSTONE, C WANNEMUEHLER, Y ROTH, JA CARPENTER, S AF ISAACSON, J WHETSTONE, C WANNEMUEHLER, Y ROTH, JA CARPENTER, S TI LOSS OF ANTIBODY TO THE MAJOR VIRAL CORE PROTEIN IN CATTLE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH BOVINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MIPM,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A234 EP A234 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601347 ER PT J AU KLESIUS, P APPLEYARD, GD AF KLESIUS, P APPLEYARD, GD TI INFLUENCE OF SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATION ON ANTIBODY AVIDITY AND ANTIBODY-RESPONSE OF CHANNEL CATFISH SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FDPRL,AUBURN,AL 36830. UNIV GUELPH,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A151 EP A151 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600867 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH TELLEZ, GI HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH TELLEZ, GI HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI A GRANULOCYTOPENIC CHICKEN MODEL TO STUDY THE ROLE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES TO SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS ORGAN INVASION SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77845. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A315 EP A315 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601817 ER PT J AU LUNNEY, JK AF LUNNEY, JK TI SUMMARY OF THE 1ST SWINE CD WORKSHOP SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A24 EP A24 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600128 ER PT J AU MADDEN, KB URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD GAUSE, WC KATONA, IM AF MADDEN, KB URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD GAUSE, WC KATONA, IM TI CYTOKINE REGULATION OF INTESTINAL MASTOCYTOSIS IN MICE INFECTED WITH NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS,BETHESDA,MD. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A64 EP A64 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600365 ER PT J AU MARSH, JD FADLY, AM BACON, LD AF MARSH, JD FADLY, AM BACON, LD TI MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERPLASTIC FOLLICLES IN ALV INFECTED CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A310 EP A310 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601786 ER PT J AU MCGRUDER, ED RAY, PM TELLEZ, GI KOGUT, MH HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF MCGRUDER, ED RAY, PM TELLEZ, GI KOGUT, MH HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI THE EFFECT OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS (SE) IMMUNE LYMPHOKINE ON SE ORGAN INVASION AND COLONIZATION IN DAY-OLD LEGHORN CHICKS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A315 EP A315 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601816 ER PT J AU MOYES, RB KIRCH, H DELOACH, JR AF MOYES, RB KIRCH, H DELOACH, JR TI INVITRO AND INVIVO ACTIVITY OF HUMAN RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 (RIL2) COATED ERYTHROCYTES USING THE MURINE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FAPRL,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A302 EP A302 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601741 ER PT J AU RAY, PM MCGRUDER, ED KOGUT, MH CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR HARGIS, BM AF RAY, PM MCGRUDER, ED KOGUT, MH CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR HARGIS, BM TI THE SPECIFICITY OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS (SE) IMMUNE-LYMPHOKINE AND ITS PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER SALMONELLA SEROVARS IN DAY-OLD LEGHORN CHICKS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A315 EP A315 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601818 ER PT J AU SAIF, L VANCOTT, J BRIM, T LUNNEY, J AF SAIF, L VANCOTT, J BRIM, T LUNNEY, J TI MUCOSAL IMMUNITY EVALUATED BY ELISPOT TO 2 ANTIGENICALLY RELATED PORCINE CORONAVIRUSES WITH DISTINCT TISSUE TROPISMS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A116 EP A116 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600660 ER PT J AU SHUSTER, D KEHRLI, M AF SHUSTER, D KEHRLI, M TI BOVINE LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY (BLAD) AMONG HOLSTEIN CATTLE - MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND CLINICAL-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A167 EP A167 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600960 ER PT J AU SVETIC, A URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD METCALF, ES GAUSE, WC AF SVETIC, A URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD METCALF, ES GAUSE, WC TI ELEVATIONS IN IL-5 AND IL-9 GENE-EXPRESSION PRECEDE A TH2-LIKE RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA,HDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A93 EP A93 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600527 ER PT J AU TROUT, JM LILLEHOJ, HS AF TROUT, JM LILLEHOJ, HS TI EIMERIA ACERVULINA SPOROZOITES ARE TRANSPORTED PRIMARILY BY CD8+ LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A156 EP A156 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600896 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF MADDEN, KB KATONA, IM MALISZEWSKI, CR FINKELMAN, FD AF URBAN, JF MADDEN, KB KATONA, IM MALISZEWSKI, CR FINKELMAN, FD TI RESTORATION OF PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO A NEMATODE PARASITE IN T-CELL-DEFICIENT MICE WITH CYTOKINES AND IMMUNE SERUM SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IMMUNEX CORP,SEATTLE,WA 98101. USUHS,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A85 EP A85 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600484 ER PT J AU BERNARD, WV BOLIN, C RIDDLE, T DURANDO, M SMITH, BJ TRAMONTIN, RR AF BERNARD, WV BOLIN, C RIDDLE, T DURANDO, M SMITH, BJ TRAMONTIN, RR TI LEPTOSPIRAL ABORTION AND LEPTOSPIRURIA IN HORSES FROM THE SAME FARM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; IRELAND AB Leptospirosis was documented as the cause of abortion in a 5-year-old mare. Leptospires were detected in tissue specimens from fetal kidneys and from placenta by histologic evaluation of silver-stained sections. Antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona were detected in fetal serum at a titer of 1,600 by use of a microscopic agglutination test. The mare had serum titers of 6,400; 0; 400; 800; 3,200; and 6,400 to L interrogans serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona, respectively. A serologic survey identified titers of at least 6,400 against serovars bratislava and pomona in 5 other horses on the farm. Titers of at least 100 against serovar bratislava were detected in 53% of the horses on the farm. Leptospires were detected by direct fluorescent-antibody testing in urine Samples from the mare that aborted and from 2 of the other 5 horses. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT VET SCI,CTR LIVESTOCK DIS DIAGNOST,LEXINGTON,KY 40511. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP BERNARD, WV (reprint author), ROOD & RIDDLE EQUINE HOSP,POB 12070,LEXINGTON,KY 40580, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 8 BP 1285 EP 1286 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KW485 UT WOS:A1993KW48500025 PM 8496088 ER PT J AU WANG, XD RUSSELL, RM MARINI, RP TANG, GW DOLNIKOWSKI, GG FOX, JG KRINSKY, NI AF WANG, XD RUSSELL, RM MARINI, RP TANG, GW DOLNIKOWSKI, GG FOX, JG KRINSKY, NI TI INTESTINAL PERFUSION OF BETA-CAROTENE IN THE FERRET RAISES RETINOIC ACID LEVEL IN PORTAL BLOOD SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; INTESTINAL PERFUSION; PORTAL VEIN; RETINOIC ACID; POLAR METABOLITE ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN-SERUM; DIFFERENTIATION; METABOLISM; CANCER; ANTIOXIDANT; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR; TISSUES AB To determine whether beta-carotene (beta-C) can serve as a source of intestinally-derived retinoic acid (RA), either 15,15'-[C-14]beta-C or unlabeled beta-C was perfused through 30 cm jejunal segments of ferrets in vivo. Portal vein blood was sampled periodically via an indwelling catheter. RA was identified in portal blood by comparing retention times in HPLC, by UV absorption, and by derivatization (methylation) and subsequent GC-MS analysis. The RA concentration in the portal blood increased 3-fold with perfusion of beta-C (P < 0.05), and remained at 18 nmol/L during the perfusion of beta-C. The single peak of RA in HPLC was shown to consist of four separate peaks by GC-MS, which may be cis-trans isomers of RA. The concentration of RA in portal blood returned to the initial level (5 nmol/L) after a 2 h period of intestinal perfusion with 5% dextrose. Retinyl ester concentration in portal blood did not change before or after the perfusion, whereas retinol decreased significantly during the perfusion of beta-C. This study clearly indicates that a considerable quantity and number of polar metabolites, including RA, are formed from beta-C in the fer-ret intestine which are transported via the portal vein to the liver. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195-01] NR 35 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD APR 7 PY 1993 VL 1167 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0005-2760(93)90157-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KX466 UT WOS:A1993KX46600009 PM 8466944 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, AT HAINES, RM HICKS, KB AF HOTCHKISS, AT HAINES, RM HICKS, KB TI IMPROVED GRAM-QUANTITY ISOLATION OF MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PREPARATIVE HPLC SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; CHAIN-LENGTH AB Malto-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 8 were isolated in gram quantities by preparative HPLC from mild acid hydrolysates of cyclomaltoheptaose and cyclomaltooctaose [beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) and gamma-cyclodextrin (gammaCD), respectively]. Dynamax-60A NH2 preparative aminopropyl silica gel columns (21.4 and 41.4 mm i.d.) and acetonitrile-water mobile phases were used. Isolation rates using the 41.4 mm i.d. preparative column approached 1 g of purified oligosaccharide per hour. The purity of isolated malto-oligosaccharides was at least 98% for dp 7 and dp 8 oligosaccharides derived from betaCD and gammaCD, respectively. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 7 PY 1993 VL 242 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)80017-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KX487 UT WOS:A1993KX48700001 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF FETT, WF AF OSMAN, SF FETT, WF TI STRUCTURE OF THE ACIDIC EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE OF PSEUDOMONAS-MARGINALIS STRAIN ATCC-10844 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID POLYSACCHARIDE RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 7 PY 1993 VL 242 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)80040-L PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KX487 UT WOS:A1993KX48700024 PM 8495442 ER PT J AU GARDNER, HW HAMBERG, M AF GARDNER, HW HAMBERG, M TI OXYGENATION OF (3Z)-NONENAL TO (2E)-4-HYDROXY-2-NONENAL IN THE BROAD BEAN (VICIA-FABA L) SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY; STERIC ANALYSIS; GLYCINE-MAX; HYDROPEROXIDES; EPOXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; ALDEHYDES; LIPIDS AB Incubation of (3Z)-nonenal (NON) with the 269,000-g particle fraction of seed homogenate of the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) afforded (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) as the principal product. One pathway of HNE formation consisted of initial oxygenation of NON into (2E)-4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal (HPNE) by a novel (3Z)-alkenal oxygenase activity, followed by conversion of HPNE into HNE by a previously recognized hydroperoxide-dependent epoxygenase. The hydroperoxide intermediate was detected in coincubations of NON and oleic acid, in which experiments the HPNE generated from NON supported epoxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation of oleic acid into 9,10-epoxystearic acid. Furthermore, by using an enzyme preparation in which the epoxygenase had been inactivated by pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide it was possible to isolate and characterize racemic (4R,4S) HPNE following incubation of NON. Although the (3Z)-alkenal oxygenase resembled a lipoxygenase in its action, it was not inhibited by the lipoxygenase inhibitors, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid. In a second pathway, HNE was produced by rearrangement of 3,4-epoxynonenal, which was in turn formed from NON by a reaction catalyzed by hydroperoxide-dependent epoxygenase. Support for this pathway came from experiments in which O-18-labeled HNE was isolated following coincubation of NON and 13-O-18-labeled linoleic acid 13-hydroperoxide. The existence of 3,4-epoxynonenal as a transient intermediate in HNE biosynthesis was further demonstrated by the isolation of 3,4-epoxynonenol (61% (4R)-configuration) as a trapping product in short time incubations interrupted by addition of sodium borohydride. The two pathways established for biosynthesis of HNE involved the hydroperoxide-reducing and the olefin-epoxidizing activities of hydroperoxide-dependent epoxygenase. In the absence of extraneous olefins and hydroperoxides the two pathways would be tightly coupled and follow the stoichiometry: 2NON + 1O2 --> 2HNE. It was also shown that the V. faba particle fraction catalyzed oxygenation of (3Z)-hexenal into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT PHYSIOL CHEM,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. RP GARDNER, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 5 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 10 BP 6971 EP 6977 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KV141 UT WOS:A1993KV14100028 PM 8463229 ER PT J AU MCARTHUR, JW TURNBULL, BA PEHRSON, J BAUMAN, M HENLEY, K TURNER, A EVANS, WJ BULLEN, BA SKRINAR, GS AF MCARTHUR, JW TURNBULL, BA PEHRSON, J BAUMAN, M HENLEY, K TURNER, A EVANS, WJ BULLEN, BA SKRINAR, GS TI NALMEFENE ENHANCES LH-SECRETION IN A PROPORTION OF OLIGO-AMENORRHEIC ATHLETES SO ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; HYPOTHALAMIC AMENORRHEA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BETA-ENDORPHIN; WOMEN; EXERCISE; NALOXONE; RUNNERS; RAT AB The influence upon LH secretion of doses of nalmefene, an orally effective congener of naloxone, and a placebo was compared in nine oligo-amenorrheic athletes with that in five regularly menstruating non-athletic women as a test for periodic elevations in hypothalamic opioid tone. After a 360-min control period, LH levels were followed for an additional 360 min following ingestion of the medications in random order approximately six weeks apart, 10-min blood sampling being employed throughout. The mean amplitude post-nalmefene in the athletes was significantly greater than pre- (p<0.05), although there were no differences in the frequency of LH pulses after placebo or nalmefene ingestion. Subjects were labelled as ''responders'' if their peak AUC after treatment exceeded their pretreatment AUC for LH by more than 1.96 SD (p<0.05). There were no placebo responders, but 5/9 of the athletes and 1/5 of the menstruating controls were classified as nalmefene responders (p<0.05). In addition, a variable proportion of the athletes (but none of the controls) experienced symptoms suggestive of narcotic withdrawal 1-4 h after ingesting nalmefene and again 12-18 h later. It appears that demonstrable increases in opioid tone occur at least transiently in a proportion of oligo-amenorrheic athletes. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SARGENT COLL ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,DEPT HLTH SCI,BOSTON,MA 02215. ALKERMES INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. BOSTON CITY HOSP,GEN CLIN RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02118. USDA,NUTR RES CTR AGING,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00533]; NIA NIH HHS [AG 00599]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 18999] NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-5598 J9 ACTA ENDOCRINOL-COP JI Acta Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 128 IS 4 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LC266 UT WOS:A1993LC26600007 PM 8498150 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EJ AF JOHNSON, EJ TI AGING AND CAROTENE NUTRITURE SO AGE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A ACID; GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; BETA-CAROTENE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AB There is a growing interest in carotenes, particularly beta-carotene, because of the inverse relationship between the incidence of cancer and the consumption of beta-carotene and serum levels of beta-carotene, which has been seen in specific animal model systems (1-3) and several epidemiologic studies (4-7). The protective effect of beta-carotene may be particularly important in the elderly population given that cancer is a major cause of death in this age group. Other age related diseases, such as atrophic gastritis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and cataract which are common to the elderly, may also be related to carotene status. The protective effect of beta-carotene may not be through beta-carotene conversion to vitamin A. Beta-carotene may also be biologically important as a potent singlet oxygen scavenger and as an antioxidant (8). Antioxidants have substantial potential to inhibit carcinogenesis and other adverse processes related to oxidative events. Therefore, beta-carotene is considered to be a biologically important nutrient. RP JOHNSON, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI CHESTER PA 2129 PROVIDENCE AVENUE, CHESTER, PA 19013 SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1007/BF02435038 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA LF967 UT WOS:A1993LF96700009 ER PT J AU PEARSON, HA BALDWIN, VC AF PEARSON, HA BALDWIN, VC TI AGROFORESTRY - SOUTHERN PINES AND SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER CULTURAL TREATMENTS SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE AGROFORESTRY; DISKING; GRAZING; HAY HARVESTING; HERBICIDE; LOBLOLLY PINE; SLASH PINE AB Agroforestry research in central Louisiana, USA, examined the effects of agronomic cultural treatments (disk, chemical, hay, and hay-graze) on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) yields and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) survival and growth. Cultural treatments appear necessary for successful production of subterranean clover in tame pastures, especially for early fall forage growth. Subterranean clover yields in volunteer swards during spring were highest on the disk and chemical treatments. Generally, pine survival and growth during the first 5 years following tree establishment were not affected by cultural treatments. RP PEARSON, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,SO PLAINS AREA,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF00707470 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA LP200 UT WOS:A1993LP20000006 ER PT J AU LOVELADY, CA MEREDITH, CN MCCRORY, MA NOMMSEN, LA JOSEPH, LJ DEWEY, KG AF LOVELADY, CA MEREDITH, CN MCCRORY, MA NOMMSEN, LA JOSEPH, LJ DEWEY, KG TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN LACTATING WOMEN - A COMPARISON OF DOUBLY LABELED WATER AND HEART-RATE MONITORING METHODS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENERGY INTAKE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; HEART-RATE MONITORING; LACTATION; RESTING METABOLIC RATE ID BODY-COMPOSITION; HUMAN-MILK; POSTPARTUM; PROTEIN; CONSUMPTION; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY AB Estimates of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by heart-rate (HR) monitoring were compared with those made by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method in nine exclusively breast-feeding women. Subjects recorded HR and dietary intake daily during the 8-d, isotope-measurement period. Milk energy output was determined by 3-d test weighing and analysis of 24-h milk samples. Total energy output (milk energy and TDEE) averaged 12.36 +/- 1.03 MJ/d with DLW compared with 11.74 +/- 1.3 MJ/d with HR monitoring, a 5.8% difference (NS). Individual differences ranged from -27.1% to +17.6%. The high water turnover and relatively low level of activity during lactation made the slopes of deuterium and O-18 disappearance more similar, resulting in increased error in estimates of TDEE by DLW. Therefore, the DLW method may not be appropriate for use in lactating women. There are considerable individual deviations in estimating TDEE by HR monitoring, but it is satisfactory for estimating TDEE of groups. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24112] NR 36 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KU629 UT WOS:A1993KU62900009 PM 8460606 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RA BRYDEN, NA PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C ANDON, MB MOSERVEILLON, PB AF ANDERSON, RA BRYDEN, NA PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C ANDON, MB MOSERVEILLON, PB TI BREAST-MILK CHROMIUM AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMIUM INTAKE, CHROMIUM EXCRETION, AND SERUM CHROMIUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CHROMIUM HOMEOSTASIS; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; BREAST-FEEDING; HUMANS ID SUPPLEMENTATION; INFANTS; GLUCOSE AB Chromium metabolism of lactating women was evaluated by measuring diet, breast milk, urine, and serum chromium in 17 subjects 60 d postpartum. Breast milk chromium concentration was similar for the 3 d of collection with a mean +/- SE concentration of 3.54 +/- 0.40 nmol/L (0.18 ng/mL). Dietary intake and urinary chromium values were also similar for each of the 3 collection days. Total chromium intake of lactating mothers (0.79 +/- 0.08 mumol/d) was greater than that of reference female subjects (0.48 +/- 0.02). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.84) between serum chromium and urinary chromium excretion. If a breast milk volume of 715 mL is assumed, chromium intake of exclusively breast-fed infants is < 2% of the estimated safe and adequate daily intake of 10 mug. In summary, breast milk chromium content is independent of dietary chromium intake and serum or urinary chromium values. Chromium intake also did not correlate with serum or urine chromium but there was a significant relationship between serum and urinary chromium concentrations. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD SYST,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP ANDERSON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,VMNL,BLDG 307,ROOM 224,BARC EAST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 519 EP 523 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KU629 UT WOS:A1993KU62900010 PM 8460607 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PE HUNT, CD MILNE, DB MULLEN, LK AF JOHNSON, PE HUNT, CD MILNE, DB MULLEN, LK TI HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL OF ZINC-METABOLISM IN MEN - ZINC EXCRETION AND BALANCE IN MEN FED DIETS LOW IN ZINC SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ZINC; HUMANS; ZINC METABOLISM; ZINC DEFICIENCY; ZINC HOMEOSTASIS; URINARY ZINC ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; CROHNS-DISEASE; YOUNG MEN; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; FOODS; MODEL AB Zinc metabolism was studied in 11 men. The study began with 28-d equilibration when dietary zinc was 159 mumol/d (X), followed by 35-d periods when the diet contained 21.9 (I), 37.5 (II), 51.6 (III), or 67.8 (IV) mumol Zn/d in random order, and ended with 35 d with X. The diet was conventional foods and egg white protein. Zinc balance, including surface and semen losses, was zero only during I. Semen zinc was unaffected by diet. Plasma zinc dropped to 0.44 and 0.49 mumol/L in two subjects during I and was significantly decreased during I compared with X (P < 0.0002). Urinary zinc declined with decreasing zinc intake. A combination of urinary and plasma zinc criteria from Baer and King (Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:556-70) could be used to distinguish stages of zinc deficiency. By these criteria, no subjects were deficient during IV, one was marginally deficient during III, three were marginally deficient during II, and seven were deficient during I. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 557 EP 565 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KU629 UT WOS:A1993KU62900016 PM 8460612 ER PT J AU DANGLER, CA HENDERSON, LM BOWMAN, LA DEAVER, RE AF DANGLER, CA HENDERSON, LM BOWMAN, LA DEAVER, RE TI DIRECT ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT PSEUDORABIES VIRUS-STRAINS FROM TISSUES OF EXPERIMENTALLY CO-INFECTED SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VACCINE STRAINS; GENE; SEQUENCE; INVIVO; PIGS AB Tissue homogenates were obtained from swine co-infected with 2 vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV). Viral isolates derived by serial plaque purification directly from tissue homogenates, without an intervening step of isolation and amplification on cell cultures, were characterized as recombinant and parental PRV genotypes on the basis of thymidine kinase and glycoprotein X gene combinations. Use of limiting dilutions and recovery of virus isolates as individual plaques minimized the likelihood of in vitro recombination serving as a confounding source of recombinant PRV. The thymidine kinase and glycoprotein X gene sequences were classified as wild-type or deleted, using a battery of polymerase chain reaction assays. Results substantiate the observation that PRV vaccine strains can form genetic recombinants in vivo after experimentally induced co-infection. C1 NATL VET SERV LAB,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP DANGLER, CA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,COLL AGR,DEPT VET SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 54 IS 4 BP 540 EP 545 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KW266 UT WOS:A1993KW26600008 PM 8387251 ER PT J AU LEACH, SS WEBB, RE AF LEACH, SS WEBB, RE TI EVALUATION OF POTATO CULTIVARS, CLONES AND A TRUE SEED POPULATION FOR RESISTANCE TO RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BLACK SCURF; SPROUTING; STEM AND STEM LESIONS AB Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 1985-1986 to evaluate the relative severity of Rhizoctonia solani damage among 26 clones and five potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. A test with true potato seeds showed that resistance to R. solani could be identified in two years. One highly resistant line was identified by this method. Moderate degrees of resistance were found in lines from the USDA Potato Breeding Program (BARC) with russet types producing a higher percentage of highly resistant lines than round whites. A laboratory test revealed that apical sprout damage (nipping) was variable within and between lines and that it was an important phase of disease development to measure when determining resistance because of its effects on the resulting plant growth and production of marketable tubers. It was also determined that to accurately define resistance to R. solani in potato, all phases of the disease must be evaluated to insure against resistance ''breakdown'' at some point in plant development. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEACH, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1007/BF02851425 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KZ081 UT WOS:A1993KZ08100004 ER PT J AU LEACH, SS PORTER, GA ROURKE, RV CLAPHAM, WM AF LEACH, SS PORTER, GA ROURKE, RV CLAPHAM, WM TI EFFECTS OF MOLDBOARD PLOWING, CHISEL PLOWING AND ROTATION CROPS ON THE RHIZOCTONIA DISEASE OF WHITE POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; TILLAGE; OATS; BUCKWHEAT; LUPIN; PEAS; BROCCOLI ID INTEGRATED CONTROL; SOLANI; SOIL; FUNGICIDES; ROT AB Two tillage practices, chisel plowing (30 cm) and deep moldboard plowing (22 cm), and five rotation crops (oats, lupine, buckwheat, broccoli and peas) were studied for their effects on the soil population of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 and on Rhizoctonia disease on potato. All rotation crops were harvested except buckwheat, which was treated as a green manure crop. Chisel plowing significantly reduced (p = 0.05) the incidence and severity of stem lesions on potato caused by R. solani AG-3. In 1990, oats after moldboard plowing significantly increased disease when compared to other crops and broccoli after chisel plowing decreased disease severity. Soil populations of R. solani AG-3 were significantly lower with chisel plowing. No interactions between tillage and rotation crops were observed. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a soil inhabiting plant pathogen found world-wide that affects many plant species including white potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). R. solani attacks potato at one or more stages in development resulting in distinct disease symptoms (25) often termed the Rhizoctonia disease complex of potato. In Maine, only strains AG-3 and AG-5 of R. solani (4, 5) have been identified as attacking potato and causing four distinct types of symptoms: 1) black scurf (sclerotia) on tubers, 2) stem cankers, 3) aerial tubers and top rosetting, and 4) killing of sprouts. Crop rotation has been reported to reduce the incidence and severity of R. solani on potato, but no single rotation method controls completely or to a high degree of reliability (11, 23, 24, 26). Deep moldboard plowing has been shown to reduce diseases caused by R. solani and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in crops other than potatoes (2, 7, 15, 19, 20). However, Gudmestad et al. (6) reported that deep moldboard plowing increased the severity of R. solani on stems and stolons of potatoes. The reduction of diseases caused by R. solani and S. rolfsii by moldboard plowing is attributed to low inoculum densities in the upper soil layer by the burial of sclerotia to depths where germination and infection were prevented (14, 15, 19, 20). However, risking to a depth of 5-7 cm did not affect disease as the inoculum remained in the root zone (14, 15). Gurkin (7) states that the rationale for deep moldboard plowing is to promote decay of organic matter, remove organic matter from the infection court and to bury the sclerotia below the infection court. Cultural control techniques are largely preventive and are designed to reduce the quantity or the activity of inoculum by means of crop rotation, tillage practices, green manure crops, etc. (22). This study was conducted to determine individual effects and possible interactions of deep moldboard plowing versus chisel plowing in various rotation crops on the presence of R. solani AG-3 in the soil and on the incidence of Rhizoctonia disease complex of potato. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,ORONO,ME 04473. RP LEACH, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1007/BF02851426 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KZ081 UT WOS:A1993KZ08100005 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG AF HAYNES, KG TI SOME ASPECTS OF INBREEDING IN HAPLOIDS OF TETRAPLOID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HAPLOIDIZATION; INBREEDING; DOUBLE REDUCTION; CHROMOSOMAL SEGREGATION; CHROMATID SEGREGATION ID POTATO; RESISTANCE; DIHAPLOIDS; HYBRIDS AB Inbreeding depression occurs in haploid (2n = 2X = 24) potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) extracted from tetraploid (2n = 4X = 48) potatoes. This depression has been postulated to occur due to the loss of intralocus interactions, the loss of favorable epistatic combinations in normal meiosis, inbreeding depression, or the exposure of deleterious genes. The inbreeding coefficient of haploids extracted from tetraploids is derived in this paper. This inbreeding coefficient is a function of the inbreeding levels in the parents, the coefficient of coancestry of the parents, and the coefficient of double reduction. When the coefficient of double reduction is greater than zero, the inbreeding coefficient of the haploid is greater than the inbreeding coefficient of the tetraploid from which it was extracted. The implications of these results on breeding strategies employing haploids is discussed. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1007/BF02851427 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KZ081 UT WOS:A1993KZ08100006 ER PT J AU STANELONI, RJ CERDAN, P REDAL, M SZABO, LJ AF STANELONI, RJ CERDAN, P REDAL, M SZABO, LJ TI COMPARATIVE-STUDIES OF SCLEROTINA-SCLEROTIORUM BASED ON ANALYSIS OF RIBOSOMAL DNA SO ANALES DE LA ASOCIACION QUIMICA ARGENTINA LA English DT Article AB The genetic evolution of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been studied by comparing its rDNA with other species and genera. The genomic DNA or several S. sclerotiorum and S. minor isolates were digested with different restriction enzymes and probed in Southern hybridization experiments with the repeat unit of rDNA of Neurospora crassa. The DNA restriction fragment sizes of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor were different and characteristic of each species without any intraspecific variability. They could be used as a phenotype in taxonomy when compared these species. To study the phylogenetic relatedness of Sclerotinia species and other related genera we have begun to determine the DNA sequence of two regions of the rDNA repeat. The 5'end of the coding region for the large subunit rRNA (lsRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer region of S. sclerotiorum were directly sequenced. In preliminary studies no variation in either of these regions was detected between a few selected isolates of S. sclerotiorum. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP & CLIN,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP STANELONI, RJ (reprint author), INST INVEST BIOQUIM FUNDACION CAMPOMAR,AV PATRICIOS ARGENTINAS 435,RA-1405 BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASOC QUIMICA ARGENTINA PI BUENOS AIRES PA SANCHEZ DE BUSTAMANTE 1749, 1425 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SN 0365-0375 J9 AN ASOC QUIM ARGENT JI An. Asoc. Quim. Argent. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MC029 UT WOS:A1993MC02900013 ER PT J AU MILLER, PR AF MILLER, PR TI RESPONSE OF FORESTS TO OZONE IN A CHANGING ATMOSPHERIC-ENVIRONMENT SO ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK LA English DT Article AB Predictions of forest vegetation response to ozone during the next 50 years will depend on the availability of empirical data needed to characterize both climate change on a regional scale, and the mechanisms of mature tree response. The ability to generalize about responses will be complicated by the spatial variability, or patchiness, of the extremes of temperature, moisture availability, ozone, and UV-B flux. Differential responses by different species to CO2 fertilization wilt add additional variability. Higher temperatures and increased atmospheric CO2 should decrease stomatal conductance and limit ozone uptake, however, at the same time tropospheric ozone concentrations are expected to increase. Mechanistic models, including mechanisms of response at the tree, stand, and ecosystem levels will be essential for testing hypotheses and identifying additional supporting data required to validate and improve predictions of the effects of climate change on forest responses to ozone. RP MILLER, PR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0066-1759 J9 ANGEW BOT JI Angew. Bot. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LA614 UT WOS:A1993LA61400008 ER PT J AU NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG ROBERTS, AJ KLINDT, J AF NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG ROBERTS, AJ KLINDT, J TI RELATIONSHIP OF POSTPARTUM INTERVAL IN MATURE BEEF-COWS WITH NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENT, BIOLOGICAL TYPE AND SERUM IGF-1 CONCENTRATIONS SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE BEEF COWS; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; POSTPARTUM INTERVAL ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; MILK-PRODUCTION; CATTLE; HORMONE; WEIGHT; BREED AB Mature cows of nine breeds were fed (four cows per level within breed) at either 0.55, 0.71, 0.88 or 1.05 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg initial body weight0.75 per day during non-lactational periods for an average of 4 years. During lactation, energy allowances were increased by 0.17 MJ ME per kg body weight0.75 per day. Breeds represented four biological types: moderate genetic potential for milk yield and growth (Angus, Hereford, Red Poll), moderate milk and high growth (Charolais, Limousin), high milk and moderate growth (Braunvieh, Pinzgauer) and high milk and growth (Gelbvieh, Simmental). The objective was to test the effects of biological type and nutritional environment on length of post-partum interval as determined from serum progesterone levels. The potential of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level at 3 weeks post partum for predicting the length of the post-partum partum interval was also evaluated. Non-parametric statistical analyses appropriate for right-censored survival data were used to test effects on post-partum interval because collection of serum was terminated prior to ovulation in some cows. Energy availability X biological type effects on post-partum interval were significant. Increased energy availability tended to decrease post-partum interval in all biological types with high potential growth types exhibiting the greatest positive response to increased food. Post-partum interval for types with high growth potential was shorter within food level when associated with high rather than moderate potential for milk yield. Serum IGF-1 was related to post-partum interval at lower energy availability but appeared to have limited usefulness for identifying cows with extended intervals. Inherent direct and maternal production potential interact with available food resources to influence the post-partum interval of mature beef cows. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 4 PU DURRANT PERIODICALS PI EAST LOTHIAN PA WINTON LEA PENCAITLAND, EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH34 5AY SN 0003-3561 J9 ANIM PROD PD APR PY 1993 VL 56 BP 193 EP 200 PN 2 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA KY013 UT WOS:A1993KY01300006 ER PT J AU POLLEY, HW JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS MALONE, SR AF POLLEY, HW JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS MALONE, SR TI PHYSIOLOGY AND GROWTH OF WHEAT ACROSS A SUBAMBIENT CARBON-DIOXIDE GRADIENT SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON ACCUMULATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LIGHT COMPENSATION POINT; NET ASSIMILATION; RESPIRATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WATER USE EFFICIENCY; WHEAT ID SOYBEAN CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; AMBIENT; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; PLANTS; TRANSPIRATION RP POLLEY, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB, 808 E BLACKLAND RD, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1006/anbo.1993.1044 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KW519 UT WOS:A1993KW51900008 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G TI ELIMINATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7 IN MEATS BY GAMMA-IRRADIATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SURVIVAL; POULTRY; DAMAGE AB Undercooked and raw meat has been linked to outbreaks of hemorrhagic diarrhea due to the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7; therefore, treatment with ionizing radiation was investigated as a potential method for the elimination of this organism. Response-surface methods were used to study the effects of irradiation dose (0 to 2.0 kGy), temperature (-20 to +20-degrees-C), and atmosphere (air and vacuum) on E. coli O157:H7 in mechanically deboned chicken meat. Differences in irradiation dose and temperature significantly affected the results. Ninety percent of the viable E. coli in chicken meat was eliminated by doses of 0.27 kGy at +5-degrees-C and 0.42 kGy at -5-degrees-C. Small, but significant, differences in radiation resistance by E. coli were found when finely ground lean beef rather than chicken was the substrate. Unlike nonirradiated samples, no measurable verotoxin was found in finely ground lean beef which had been inoculated with 10(4.8) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per g, irradiated at a minimum dose of 1.5 kGy, and temperature abused at 35-degrees-C for 20 h. Irradiation is an effective method to control this food-borne pathogen. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 24 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1034 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KV717 UT WOS:A1993KV71700013 PM 8476281 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, SE STAFFORD, AE KING, AD AF BEATTIE, SE STAFFORD, AE KING, AD TI TRIACYLGLYCEROL PROFILES OF TILLETIA-CONTROVERSA AND TILLETIA-TRITICI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TELIOSPORES; GERMINATION AB The triacylglycerol (TG) profiles of teliospores of Tilletia controversa and Tilletia tritici were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatography. Boiling isopropanol was used to ensure enzyme inactivation during homogenization. The largest lipid component as determined by thin-layer chromatography was TGs. On the basis of thin-layer chromatography of crude lipid extracts, T. controversa and T. tritici do not contain a large amount of free fatty acids. TG profiles of T. controversa and T. tritici were very similar, with 18 species of TGs resolved by HPLC and gas-liquid chromatography. In both organisms, PLL (palmitic, linoleic, linoleic) was the major component, followed by LLL (trilinolein) and PLO (palmitic, linoleic, oleic). The ratio of PLO to PLL was t:6 and 1:4 in T. tritici and T. controversa, respectively. The TGs of both organisms contain long-chain (>22 carbons) mono- and dienoic acids. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid found in TGs from both organisms. The differences of TGs were not considered significant for differentiation purposes. RP BEATTIE, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1057 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KV717 UT WOS:A1993KV71700017 PM 16348907 ER PT J AU HIRANO, SS UPPER, CD AF HIRANO, SS UPPER, CD TI DYNAMICS, SPREAD, AND PERSISTENCE OF A SINGLE GENOTYPE OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE RELATIVE TO THOSE OF ITS CONSPECIFICS ON POPULATIONS OF SNAP BEAN LEAFLETS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION-ACTIVE BACTERIA; PHASEOLI VAR FUSCANS; EPIPHYTIC POPULATIONS; XANTHOMONAS-PHASEOLI; AERIAL DISPERSAL; PV SYRINGAE; PLANTS; SURVIVAL AB A rifampin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas syringae (R10) was introduced onto bean plants grown in field plots to examine the processes of growth, spread, and survival of a single genotype relative to the dynamics of its conspecifics on populations of individual leaflets. R10 was applied to four plots (400, 200, 100, and 50 m2), each of which was centered in a quadrant of a bean field (90 by 90 m). Population sizes of the species P. syringae and of R10 were determined on each of 25 individual leaflets collected from the largest plot (A) at approximately weekly intervals during a 10-week period following application. The spread of R10 from all plots was monitored by leaf imprinting of individual leaflets collected at sites along four transects, each of which bisected two of the plots. The introduced strain was a dominant component of the species for about 5 weeks postinoculation on leaflets from plot A. Although the population sizes of RIO remained at about 5.0 to 5.5 log10 CFU per leaflet, the strain became a progressively minor component of the species as the population sizes of its conspecifics continued to increase during the latter part of the growing season. In general, a positive correlation was found for the population sizes of R10 and its conspecifics on individual leaflets collected throughout the growing season. This result suggests that large numbers of R10 early in the growing season did not exclude the colonization of bean leaflets by its conspecifics. It is apparent that the species pool comprised genotypes that were more fit than R10 under the conditions that prevailed during the latter part of the growing season. By 6 weeks postinoculation, R10 was detected at all sites sampled within the unsprayed areas of the field. However, it was present as a minor component of the species. The persistence of R10 throughout the winter and into the following growing season was monitored in plot A, which was plowed and replanted with wheat in the fall. RIO was detected on some of the samples (wheat seedlings or soil) taken at approximately monthly intervals from November to June of the following year. In June, the field was plowed and replanted with beans. We could not detect R10 on emerging bean seedlings in plot A. The results demonstrate that the successful spread and persistence of an introduced bacterium do not necessarily lead to the establishment of large populations of the bacterium in adjacent untreated areas or on its host plant in subsequent growing seasons. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HIRANO, SS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1091 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KV717 UT WOS:A1993KV71700022 PM 8476284 ER PT J AU HARTUNG, JS DANIEL, JF PRUVOST, OP AF HARTUNG, JS DANIEL, JF PRUVOST, OP TI DETECTION OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION METHOD SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLI EX SMITH; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; FLORIDA; REINSTATEMENT; STRAINS; CANKER; HASSE; DNA AB pFL1 is a pUC9 derivitive that contains a 572-bp EcoRI insert cloned from plasmid DNA of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri XC62. The nucleotide sequence of pFL1 was determined, and the sequence information was used to design primers for application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the detection of X. campestris pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease. Seven 18-bp oligonucleotide primers were designed and tested with DNA from X. campestris pv. citri strains and other strains of X. campestris associated with Citrus spp. as templates in the PCR. Four primer pairs directed the amplification of target DNA from X. campestris pv. citri strains but not from strains of X. campestris associated with a different disease, citrus bacterial spot. Primer pair 2-3 directed the specific amplification of target DNA from pathotype A but not other pathotypes of X. campestris pv. citri. A pH 9.0 buffer that contained 1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% gelatin was absolutely required for the successful amplification of the target DNA, which was 61% G+C. Limits of detection after amplification and gel electrophoresis were 25 pg of purified target DNA and about 10 cells when Southern blots were made after gel electrophoresis and probed with biotinylated pFL1. This level of detection represents an increase in sensitivity of about 100-fold over that of dot blotting with the same hybridization probe. PCR products of the expected sizes were amplified from DNA extracted from 7-month-old lesions from which viable bacteria could not be isolated. These products were confirmed to be specific for X. campestris pv. citri by Southern blotting. This PCR-based detection protocol will be a useful addition to current methods of detection of this pathogen, which is currently the target of international quarantine measures. C1 ORSTOM,INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRON DEV,DEPT FRUITIER,LA REUNION,FRANCE. RP HARTUNG, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1148 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KV717 UT WOS:A1993KV71700032 PM 8476288 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA ASTORGA, JB PANTER, KE MOLYNEUX, RJ AF PFISTER, JA ASTORGA, JB PANTER, KE MOLYNEUX, RJ TI MATERNAL LOCOWEED EXPOSURE INUTERO AND AS A NEONATE DOES NOT DISRUPT TASTE-AVERSION LEARNING IN LAMBS SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; LEARNING; TASTE AVERSION ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; SHEEP; LESIONS; ANIMALS; FETAL AB Taste aversion learning has been suggested as a sensitive measure of behavioral toxicosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if maternal locowood (Oxtropis sericea) ingestion would adversely influence the ability of lambs to acquire and retain a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Pregnant and lactating ewes were fed locoweed (300 g day-1) from Days 100 to 130 of gestation and/or from Days 10 to 50 of lactation. Surviving lambs were evaluated at 9 months of age. Ingestion of corn (Zea mays), a novel feed, was paired with lithium chloride- Lambs were tested for three 15-min periods in a two-choice test (corn and alfalfa pellets) immediately after aversive conditioning; persistence was tested 30 days later using the same procedures. All aversively conditioned lambs formed a strong CTA to com; previous locoweed history did not influence either the strength or the persistence of the aversion. Even though lambs were overtly intoxicated at birth by maternal locoweed exposure, lambs showed no overt signs of intoxication when this study was conducted. Lambs exposed to locoweed do not have an impaired ability to form taste aversions, suggesting that there were no learning deficits secondary to toxicosis and that lambs are likely to have as normal diet selection patterns as adults. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(93)90007-C PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA KW815 UT WOS:A1993KW81500007 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD WICKLOW, DT AF GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD WICKLOW, DT TI HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES SECRETED BY PAECILOMYCES-LILACINUS CULTURED ON SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI SYD; VERTICILLIUM-PSALLIOTAE TRESCHOW; MYCOPARASITE; UREDOSPORES; AFLATOXIN; GROWTH; SOIL AB Sclerotia, the survival stage of Aspergillus flavus, are compact masses Of mycelia capable of withstanding harsh climatic conditions. Six strains of Paecilomyces lilacinus, originally isolated from sclerotia of A. flavus var. flavus or A. flavus var. parasiticus, were also able to colonize the sclerotia from four different strains of A. flavus under laboratory conditions. P. lilacinus strains did not differ significantly in their colonization ability, but host susceptibility appeared to be an important factor. P. lilacinus strains were cultured in vitro for 96 h on a basal salt medium containing either ground sclerotia of A. flavus or glucose plus asparagine. Activities of hydrolytic enzymes such as polysaccharidases, proteases, and chitinases were determined in the culture supernatants. Supernatants from fungal cultures grown in the basal medium containing glucose plus aspargine medium showed very little or no enzyme activity, whereas fungi grown on ground sclerotia produced a variety of enzymes. Specifically, all strains produced chitinases (endochitinase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase), beta-1,3-glucanase, chymoelastase and chymotrypsin, suggesting that these enzymes may be required for colonization of sclerotia. Production of beta-1,4-glucanase, dextranase, cellulase, and trypsin was strain variable, suggesting that these enzymes may not be required. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAGRES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP GUPTA, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KX829 UT WOS:A1993KX82900019 ER PT J AU CHETTY, KN WALKER, J BROWN, K IVIE, GW AF CHETTY, KN WALKER, J BROWN, K IVIE, GW TI THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY CALCIUM AND CHLORDECONE ON CHOLINESTERASE, TRIGLYCERIDES, LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, AND CHOLESTEROL IN SERUM OF RAT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; PLASMA; LIPASE AB Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0, 1, 10, 50, 100 ppm chlordecone (Cd) mixed in calcium-sufficient (Ca-S) or calcium-deficient (Ca-D) diet for 15 days. A significant decrease in body weight gain was observed in 100 ppm of Cd-treated rats. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was significantly decreased in serum of Ca-D rats. Chlordecone did not alter serum ChE activity in both Ca-S and Ca-D rats. However, Cd decreases serum triglycerides, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and cholesterol in both Ca-S and Ca-D rats. Rats fed with Ca-S or Ca-D diet exhibited differential sensitivity to Cd-toxicity. Decreased levels of serum triglycerides, LDL and cholesterol suggest that Cd might interfere in lipid metabolism. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD & ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. RP CHETTY, KN (reprint author), GRAMBLING STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,GRAMBLING,LA 71245, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [2-S-14-GM 04531] NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 365 EP 367 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR032 UT WOS:A1993KR03200010 PM 7682401 ER PT J AU CRAVEN, SE COX, NA BAILEY, JS STERN, NJ MEINERSMANN, RJ BLANKENSHIP, LC AF CRAVEN, SE COX, NA BAILEY, JS STERN, NJ MEINERSMANN, RJ BLANKENSHIP, LC TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA-CALIFORNIA AND SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM STRAINS WITH REDUCED ABILITY TO COLONIZE THE INTESTINAL-TRACT OF BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOUSE LARGE-INTESTINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PHASE; MUCUS; PENETRATION; COMPLEMENT; GROWTH; MUTANT AB This study determined the ability of eight strains of Salmonella and their agar-subcultured variants to colonize the intestinal tract of broiler chicks. Nalidixic-acid (NAL)-resistant and streptomycin-resistant subcultured strains (S. california 1989/A and S. typhimurium 3366/A) that persisted in the ceca of chicks in lower numbers than their NAL-resistant parent strains (1989/O and 3366/O) were selected for additional study, S. typhimurium strain 3366/A was present in the ceca of chicks in lower numbers than the parent strain 3366/O when given concomitantly with the parent strain or when the two strains were given separately to different chicks. S. california 1989/A strain was present in the ceca in lower numbers than the parent strain after concomitant oral or intracloacal inoculation. Strains 3366/O and 3366/A of S. typhimurium differed in growth rates in BHI broth and cecal mucus. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profile indicated that LPS components present in S. california 1989/O were missing from strain 1989/A. A mutant of 1989/O-2095/R-was also LPS- and colonization-deficient. RP CRAVEN, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.2307/1591657 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000010 PM 8363499 ER PT J AU AUGUSTINE, PC DANFORTH, HD JENKINS, MC AF AUGUSTINE, PC DANFORTH, HD JENKINS, MC TI AVIAN EIMERIA - EFFECTS OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-SPECIES IMMUNITY IN FOREIGN AND NATURAL HOST BIRDS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TENELLA; CHICKENS; COCCIDIOSIS; SPOROZOITES; ACERVULINA; INVASION; OOCYSTS AB Repeated inoculation (immunization) of white leghorn chickens with oocysts of the turkey coccidium, Eimeria adenoeides, resulted in significantly improved weight gain and feed-conversion ratios (feed efficiency) after E. tenella challenge. However, the development of E tenella in the immunized chickens did not differ markedly from that in unimmunized chickens, and intestinal lesions remained severe (greater than 3.0). Apparently improved weight gain and feed efficiency can be maintained in the presence of extensive parasite development. The ability to elicit cross-protective immunity was abrogated when the E. adenoeides oocysts were exposed to 15 kRad of gamma irradiation before inoculation into the chickens. Sporozoites excysting from irradiated oocysts of E. acervulina also failed to immunize the chickens against challenge with E. tenella but protected chickens almost completely against homologous challenge with E. acervulina. The results indicate that cross-species immunity is not elicited by all developmentally arrested sporozoites and that the ability to produce cross-species immunity can be destroyed by gamma irradiation of the immunizing species. RP AUGUSTINE, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.2307/1591658 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000011 PM 8363500 ER PT J AU MCHAN, F SHOTTS, EB AF MCHAN, F SHOTTS, EB TI EFFECT OF SHORT-CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS ON THE GROWTH OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN AN INVITRO SYSTEM SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EDIBLE WASTE MATERIAL AB Previous studies have revealed a reduction of cecal Salmonella carriage from feeding either carbohydrate or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This in vitro study presents a profile of the relative SCFA content of the ceca when chicks are fed an unmedicated diet with 2.5% carbohydrate. Subsequent incorporation of these acids into culture medium was used to demonstrate their antagonistic activity toward in vitro growth of Salmonella typhimurium. Commonly found concentrations of SCFAs based upon the above findings reduced in vitro Salmonella growth by at least 50%, and 10 x concentrations inhibited growth more than 80%. An explanation of the mechanism(s) involved in growth reduction is offered. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MCHAN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 396 EP 398 DI 10.2307/1591664 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000017 PM 8363504 ER PT J AU STONE, HD AF STONE, HD TI EFFICACY OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OIL-EMULSION VACCINES FOR NEWCASTLE-DISEASE AND AVIAN INFLUENZA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Acceptable oil-emulsion vaccines were sought to replace mineral oil-emulsion vaccines that, by regulations, require a 42-day minimum holding period for poultry between injection and slaughter for consumption. Water-in-oil emulsions were prepared using animal or vegetable oils in a ratio of 4 parts oil to 1 part Newcastle disease or avian influenza aqueous antigen. Beeswax particles suspended in the oil at the 5% or 10% level (wt:vol) served as the oil-phase surfactant. Hemagglutination-inhibition titers induced by mineral-oil vaccines were not significantly different from those induced by the most efficacious formulations prepared from animal and vegetable oils. Tissue reaction from injection of animal- and vegetable-oil vaccines was less than that induced by mineral-oil vaccines. An inactivated avian influenza vaccine formulated from peanut oil induced protection against morbidity and death when vaccinated chickens were challenged with a virulent isolate of avian influenza virus. RP STONE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.2307/1591665 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000018 PM 8363505 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS AF HOLT, PS TI EFFECT OF INDUCED MOLTING ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE LEGHORN HENS TO A SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Older white leghorn hens (more than 52 weeks old) were induced to molt using a 14-day feed-removal protocol. On day 4 of feed removal, groups of hens were infected with varying 10-fold dilutions of Salmonella enteritidis, and these hens were examined for S. enteritidis intestinal shedding 7 days later. Molting hens infected with a 10(-2) dilution of S. enteritidis shed 3-4 logs more of the organism at 7 days postinfection than the unmolted group receiving a similar dose. The mean infectious dose (ID50) for S. enteritidis in unmolted hens ranged from 0.65 x 10(4) to 5.6 x 10(4), whereas in molting hens the ID, was found to be less than 10(1), a 2-3 log increase in the susceptibility of the hens to the organism. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 23 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.2307/1591667 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000020 PM 8363506 ER PT J AU MEINERSMANN, RJ PORTER, RE AF MEINERSMANN, RJ PORTER, RE TI EFFECT OF VIBRIO-CHOLERAE TOXIN ON ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MICE AB Cholera toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been shown to increase the secretory immune response when given orally with some antigens in mice and rabbits. The present study was designed to determine if cholera toxin was also an effective mucosal adjuvant in chickens. Tetanus toxoid was chosen as a model antigen, and response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of intestinal excreta, bile samples, and serum samples. Chickens given 20 mug of tetanus toxoid had a significant suppression of response when 20 or 50 ug of cholera toxin was given. Chickens given 100 mug of tetanus toxoid appeared to be mucosally tolerant, but there was apparent abrogation of the mucosal tolerance when 20 or 50 mug of cholera toxin was given. Cholera toxin apparently failed as a mucosal adjuvant in chickens but may have some anti-mucosal tolerogenic effect. C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MEINERSMANN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.2307/1591669 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000022 PM 8363507 ER PT J AU NISBET, DJ CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF NISBET, DJ CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF MIXED CECAL MICROFLORA MAINTAINED IN CONTINUOUS CULTURE AND OF DIETARY LACTOSE ON SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION IN BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; INFECTION; METABOLISM; BACTERIA; PREVENTION; POULTS; GROWTH; MICE AB Mixed cecal microflora obtained from a mature chicken were maintained in vitro in continuous-flow (CF) culture. The effect of the CF culture and dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization in broiler chicks was evaluated. when averaged across four replicates, chicks treated with the culture alone (1.75 log10 decrease) or with 5% dietary lactose alone (2.98 log10 decrease) were protected against S. typhimurium. Optimum protection against S. typhimurium was observed when birds were treated with the culture in combination with dietary lactose (4.27 log10 decrease). Dietary lactose resulted in reduced cecal pH. A large increase in cecal propionic acid was observed in the birds given the CF culture. A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between the cecal concentration of undissociated propionic acid and protection against S. typhimurium colonization (r = -0.78). The results indicated that indigenous cecal flora that protect against Salmonella colonization can be maintained without loss of efficacy in CF culture. RP NISBET, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.2307/1591682 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000035 PM 8363516 ER PT J AU LEE, LF AF LEE, LF TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AGAINST A NUCLEAR ANTIGEN ASSOCIATED WITH SEROTYPE-1 MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS-INFECTED AND TRANSFORMED-CELLS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORYLATED POLYPEPTIDES; LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; HERPESVIRUS; TURKEYS; LINES; IDENTIFICATION; PHOSPHONOACETATE; ESTABLISHMENT; INDUCTION; CHICKENS AB A monoclonal antibody (MAb), 2BN90, was characterized on a panel of Marek's disease virus (MDV) isolates representing three antigenically related serotypes and lymphoblastoid cell lines established from Marek's disease (MD) tumors. It was reactive with all serotype 1 isolates, including CV1988, in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF) test. The MAb immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted a 40-kilodalton protein, which was found to be phosphorylated by metabolic labeling with P-32 inorganic phosphate, and localized to the cell nucleus using the IF test. It reacted with MDV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, and the percentage of reactive cells was enhanced after treatment with iododeoxyuridine. MAb 2BN90 may be useful as a type-specific antibody of choice for serotyping MDV serotype 1 strains and as a probe for studying the role of pp40 in MDV infection and transformation. RP LEE, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.2307/1591687 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LF520 UT WOS:A1993LF52000040 PM 8395807 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH UTHUS, EO POELLOT, RA SHULER, TR AF NIELSEN, FH UTHUS, EO POELLOT, RA SHULER, TR TI DIETARY VITAMIN-B12, SULFUR AMINO-ACIDS, AND ODD-CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS AFFECT THE RESPONSE OF RATS TO NICKEL DEPRIVATION SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NICKEL; VITAMIN-B12, MARGARIC ACID; HEPTADECANOIC ACID; CYSTINE; SULFUR AMINO ACIDS; TRACE ELEMENTS; CALCIUM; ZINC; COPPER; MAGNESIUM ID IRON; METHIONINE; ELEMENTS; COPPER; BORON AB An experiment was performed to ascertain whether changing the dietary intake of two substances, cystine and margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), that affect the flux through pathways involving the two vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, would affect the interaction between nickel and vitamin B12. Rats were assigned to treatment groups of six in a fully crossed, four-factorial arrangement. The independent variables, or factors, were: per kg of fresh diet, nickel analyzed at 25 and 850 mug; vitamin B12 supplements of 0 and 50 mug; margaric acid supplement of 0 and 5 g; and L-Cystine supplements of 0 and 12 g. The diet without cystine was marginally deficient in sulfur amino acids. Nickel affected growth, liver wt/body wt ratio (LB/BW), and a number of variables associated with iron, calcium, zinc, copper, and magnesium metabolism. Most of the effects of nickel were modified by the vitamin B12 status of the rat. In numerous cases, the interaction between nickel and vitamin B12 Was dependent on, or altered by, the cystine or margaric acid content of the diet. Thus, the findings showed that the extent and the direction of changes in numerous variables in response to nickel deprivation varied greatly with changes in diet composition. These variables include those previously reported to be affected by nickel deprivation, including growth and the distribution or functioning of iron, calcium, zinc, copper, and magnesium. The findings also support the hypothesis that nickel has a biological function in a metabolic pathway in which vitamin B12 is important. RP NIELSEN, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF02789397 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KV745 UT WOS:A1993KV74500001 PM 7682825 ER PT J AU CLAY, DE CLAPP, CE DOWDY, RH MOLINA, JAE AF CLAY, DE CLAPP, CE DOWDY, RH MOLINA, JAE TI MINERALIZATION OF NITROGEN IN FERTILIZER-ACIDIFIED LIME-AMENDED SOILS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE N-FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT; NITRIFICATION; ZEA-MAYS; N-MINERALIZATION; LIME; SOIL PH; NITRATE-N ID ACID FOREST SOIL; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; PH; NITRIFICATION AB The application of NH4+-based fertilizers to soils slowly lowers soil pH, which in turn decreases nitrification rates. Under these conditions nitrification and N mineralization may be reduced. We therefore, investigated the impact of liming fertilizer-acidified soils on nitrification and N mineralization. Soil samples were collected in the spring of 1987 from a field experiment, initiated in 1980, investigating N, tillage, and residue management under continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The pH values (CaCl2) in the surface soil originally ranged from 6.0 to 6.5. After 6 years the N fertilizer and tillage treatments had reduced the soil pH to values that ranged between 3.7 and 6.2. Incubation treatments included two liming rates (unlimed or SMP-determined lime requirement), two N-15-labeled fertilizer rates (0 or 20 g N m-2), and three replicates. Field-moist soil was mixed with lime and packed by original depth into columns. Labeled-N-15 ammonium sulfate in solution was surface-applied and columns were leached with 1.5 pore volumes of deionized water every 7 days over a 70-day period. Nitrification occurred in all pH treatments, suggesting that a ferilizer-acidified soil must contain a low-pH tolerant nitrifier population. Liming increased soil pH values (CaCl2) from 3.7 to 6.2, and increased by 10% (1.5 g N m-2) the amount of soil-derived NO3--N that moved through the columns. This increase was the result of enhanced movement of soil-derived NO3--N through the columns during the first 14 days of incubation. After the initial 14-day period, the limed and unlimed treatments had similar amounts of soil N leaching through the soil columns. Lime increased the nitrification rates and stimulated the early movement of fertilizer-derived NO3--N through the soil. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1007/BF00337208 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LC248 UT WOS:A1993LC24800002 ER PT J AU NEPHEW, KP WHALEY, AE CHRISTENSON, RK IMAKAWA, K AF NEPHEW, KP WHALEY, AE CHRISTENSON, RK IMAKAWA, K TI DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF DISTINCT MESSENGER-RNAS FOR OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1 AND RELATED SHEEP TYPE-I INTERFERONS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY RECOGNITION HORMONE; IFN-BETA GENES; ALPHA GENES; MATERNAL RECOGNITION; ACTIN GENES; CONCEPTUS; SEQUENCES; DNA; INVITRO; EMBRYO AB An antiluteolytic substance secreted by the ovine conceptus and primarily responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy is ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1), a new type I interferon (IFN). The objectives of this research were 1 ) to investigate whether multiple, distinct genes encode oTP-1 and other type I IFNs in the ovine genome and 2) to examine expression of oTP-1 and other IFN mRNAs during conceptus development. Genes for type I IFNs were isolated from a subgenomic library constructed from Day 25 (Day 0 = estrus) ovine conceptus high-molecular-weight DNA. Six clones were isolated and nucleotide-sequenced from -1000 to +900 (bases relative to cap site). Comparisons of inferred amino acid sequences demonstrated that four clones were distinct oTP-1 genes and that two clones, defined as o9 and o12, were related type I IFNs (deduced aa homology of o9 and o12 to oTP-1 was 71% and 54%, respectively). The presence of mRNAs encoded by oTP-1 and type I IFN genes was examined quantitatively via reverse transcription-polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of total cellular RNA (tcRNA) extracted from Day 13-45 concepti. Total cellular RNA obtained from Day 75 placenta and adult lymphocytes was also analyzed by RT-PCR, coupled with Southern blot hybridization of the PCR reaction products with specific DNA probes. PCR products were sequenced in order to confirm primer specificity, and mRNAs corresponding to two of the four oTP-1 genes and to both related IFN clones (o9 and o12) were identified. Furthermore, quantitation of the PCR products revealed that of the two oTP-1 genes examined, one was highly expressed on Days 13-20 and transcripts were weakly detectable on Days 30 and 45. In contrast, the other oTP-1 gene examined was weakly expressed on Days 13-20 only. Densitometric analysis of hybridization signals revealed that IFN o9 mRNA was detected in Day 75 placenta but only weakly detected in conceptus (Days 13-45) and adult lymphocytes. IFN o12 mRNA was abundant in lymphocytes relative to the other tissues examined. Collectively, these results demonstrate the existence of distinct oTP-1 and related type I IFN genes- The data suggest that these genes display differential, tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation during pregnancy. C1 UNIV KANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,2903 E CENT,WICHITA,KS 67214. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 69 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD APR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 768 EP 778 DI 10.1095/biolreprod48.4.768 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA LD900 UT WOS:A1993LD90000008 PM 8485241 ER PT J AU GERARD, HC FETT, WF OSMAN, SF MOREAU, RA AF GERARD, HC FETT, WF OSMAN, SF MOREAU, RA TI EVALUATION OF CUTINASE ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL LIPASES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CASTOR-OIL; DEPOLYMERIZATION; SEEDS; ACID AB Eight industrial lipases were tested for cutinase activity on apple (Malus pumila cv. Golden Delicious) cutin and compared with cutinase from the fungus Fusarium solani i. sp pisi. The analysis of released cutin monomers was performed by normal-phase h.p.l.c. with an evaporative light-scattering detector. Calibration curves of cutin monomers were established for quantification of cutinolytic activity of the industrial lipases. The pH optimum for cutinase activity of the lipase preparations was approx. 8.0. A high concentration of detergent was necessary for expression of cutinase activity. The most active lipase was found to be Amano PS-800, which was capable of hydrolysing 16% of anple cutin. RP GERARD, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 17 BP 181 EP 189 PN 2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KX300 UT WOS:A1993KX30000004 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S TI THIAZIDES AND SEASONAL BONE CHANGE IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO BONE AND MINERAL LA English DT Article DE THIAZIDE DIURETICS; OSTEOCALCIN; PARATHYROID HORMONE; SODIUM; SEASON; BONE DENSITY ID LONG-TERM TREATMENT; MINERAL-CONTENT; HIP FRACTURE; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; DIURETICS; SERUM; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Thiazide diuretic use has been associated with reduced rates of bone loss and bone density has been found to fluctuate with time of year. Here we examine associations between thiazide use, calcium regulating hormones, and the pattern of bone change during the 6-month intervals of summer/fall when bone density increases and winter/spring when bone density declines. Of the 246 postmenopausal women who completed a 1-year calcium and vitamin D supplement trial, 25 used a thiazide diuretic. In the winter/spring, bone loss was reduced in the thiazide users (for L2-4: 0.46 +/- 0.59 (SE)% for thiazide users vs. -1.02 +/- 0.17% for non-users, P = 0.017; for whole-body: -0.13 +/- 0.25% vs. -0.67 +/- 0.08, P = 0.043). The benefit at the whole body was dose related. Increases in bone density were similar in the two groups in the summer/fall. Associations between thiazide use and net spinal change and between thiazide dose and net whole-body bone change were positive. Thiazide users had lower serum levels of PTH (26.2 +/- 7.6 (SD) ng/l vs. 31.0 +/- 11.7 ng/l, P = 0.009) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (60.8 +/- 16.2 pmol/l vs. 77.0 +/- 18.7 pmol/l, P < 0.001) in the winter/spring and, in the subset measured, reduced levels of osteocalcin year round (summer/fall: 2.89 +/- 0.82 mug/l, n = 10, vs. 3.65 +/- 1.02, n = 82. P = 0.019: winter/spring: 2.54 +/- 0.80 mug/l vs. 3.47 +/- 1.07 mug/l, P = 0.005). Sodium excretion in the two groups did not differ in the winter/spring. In conclusion, beneficial bone effects of thiazide diuretics occur in the winter/spring and they may result from a decrease in PTH-stimulated bone resorption and an associated reduction in the bone turnover rate. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-6009 J9 BONE MINER JI Bone Miner. PD APR PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80119-5 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LD309 UT WOS:A1993LD30900005 PM 8324419 ER PT J AU DWYER, CP BALDASSARRE, GA AF DWYER, CP BALDASSARRE, GA TI SURVIVAL AND NEST SUCCESS OF SYMPATRIC FEMALE MALLARDS, ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS, AND AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS, A-RUBRIPES, BREEDING IN A FORESTED ENVIRONMENT SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE MALLARD; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; BLACK DUCK; ANAS-RUBRIPES; BREEDING; NEST SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; SYMPATRIC; NEW-YORK AB Inverse population trends of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American Black Ducks (A. rubripes) in eastern Canada and northeastern United States have led many to speculate whether differential productivity and survival exist between these closely related forms. Monitoring of radio-marked female Mallards and Black Ducks breeding sympatrically in the western Adirondack region of northern New York in 1990-1991 showed that nest success rates of Mallards (S = 0.51) and Black Ducks (S = 0.61) were similar (P > 0.10), as was the survival rates of females during the 107-day breeding period (5 April - 20 July; Mallard S = 0.88. Black Duck S = 0.77). Despite these similarities, a higher proportion of Mallards successfully hatched a clutch than did Black Ducks (67% vs. 44%). Thus. Mallards may be more productive than Black Ducks, contributing to their increasing numbers throughout Black Duck breeding range. RP DWYER, CP (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 107 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NQ376 UT WOS:A1993NQ37600009 ER PT J AU GARBELOTTO, M BRUNS, TD COBB, FW OTROSINA, WJ AF GARBELOTTO, M BRUNS, TD COBB, FW OTROSINA, WJ TI DIFFERENTIATION OF INTERSTERILITY GROUPS AND GEOGRAPHIC PROVENANCES AMONG ISOLATES OF HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM DETECTED BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA ASSAYS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE SPECIES COMPLEX; GENETIC VARIABILITY; STRAIN TYPING; FOREST PATHOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; SPECIALIZATION AB Random amplified polymorphic DNAs were correlated with the intersterility group and the geographic provenance of 36 isolates of Heterobasidion annosum from North America and Europe and of one herbarium collection of basidiocarps from California. This technique is very precise and yields higher resolution than previous studies implementing techniques such as isozyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Random amplified polymorphic DNAs revealed differentiation among the following geographic groups and intersterility groups: western North American P, eastern North American P, European P, North American S, Scandinavian S, Italian S, and Italian F. This is the first report on differentiation between eastern and western North American P isolates as well as between northern and southern European S isolates. Successful amplification of one dry basidiocarp suggests that random amplified polymorphic DNAs may be used to improve epidemiological and population studies of this pathogen. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ALBANY,CA 94706. RP GARBELOTTO, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 565 EP 569 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LL128 UT WOS:A1993LL12800006 ER PT J AU FLEBBE, PA AF FLEBBE, PA TI MEISNER (1990) - EFFECT OF CLIMATIC WARMING ON THE SOUTHERN MARGINS OF THE NATIVE RANGE OF BROOK TROUT, SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS - COMMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Note C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP FLEBBE, PA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPTL STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 4 BP 883 EP 884 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK199 UT WOS:A1993LK19900025 ER PT J AU ROESCH, FA GREEN, EJ SCOTT, CT AF ROESCH, FA GREEN, EJ SCOTT, CT TI A TEST OF ALTERNATIVE ESTIMATORS FOR VOLUME AT TIME-1 FROM REMEASURED POINT SAMPLES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INGROWTH; GROWTH AB Two estimators for volume at time 1 for use with permanent horizontal point samples are evaluated. One estimator, used traditionally, uses only the trees sampled at time 1, while the second estimator, originally presented by Roesch and coauthors (F.A. Roesch, Jr., E.J. Green, and C.T. Scott. 1989. For. Sci. 35(2): 281-293), takes advantage of additional sample information that becomes available at time 2. In this test the Roesch et al. estimator was always lower in sum of squared differences and sum of absolute differences for board foot and cubic foot volume than the traditional estimator. In addition a simulation revealed no discernible bias for the Roesch et al. estimator over the traditional estimator. C1 RUTGERS UNIV,COOK COLL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. RP ROESCH, FA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.1139/x93-079 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LF595 UT WOS:A1993LF59500005 ER PT J AU SHAFER, SR REINERT, RA EASON, G SPRUILL, SE AF SHAFER, SR REINERT, RA EASON, G SPRUILL, SE TI ANALYSIS OF OZONE CONCENTRATION - BIOMASS RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG OPEN-POLLINATED FAMILIES OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TAEDA L SEEDLINGS; AIR-POLLUTION; THELEPHORA-TERRESTRIS; PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; ASEPTIC SYNTHESIS; GROWTH-RESPONSE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; EXPOSURE; DECLINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Tropospheric ozone may contribute to the reported growth decline of pines in the southeastern United States. Ozone concentration - response relationships were quantified for open-pollinated families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Seedlings from 30 families were exposed to ozone (0, 80, 160, 240, or 320 nL 03/L air) in greenhouse chambers for 6 h per day, 4 days per week, for 12 weeks. Top (shoot) and root biomass were determined for each of 900 plants. Twelve families were selected for a subsequent experiment to examine consistency of results (360 plants). For each response variable, statistical models consisting of fixed and random effects were based on combined data for all families and both experiments. Data were fit to both polynomial and Weibull model types. The maximum suppression of any biomass variable (top, root, or total dry weight) predicted by a regression model for plants exposed for 12 weeks to 320 nL/L was 25% for total dry weight (Weibull model based on data representing all 42 family-year combinations, total of 1260 plants). Families were ranked for sensitivity based on estimates of a single parameter from the models, and model type had no effect on the order of sensitivity rankings of the 42 family-experiment combinations. The same families represented die extremes in sensitivity among the 12 families that were exposed in both experiments. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SHAFER, SR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 706 EP 715 DI 10.1139/x93-092 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LF595 UT WOS:A1993LF59500018 ER PT J AU CREGG, BM AF CREGG, BM TI SEED-SOURCE VARIATION IN WATER RELATIONS, GAS-EXCHANGE, AND NEEDLE MORPHOLOGY OF MATURE PONDEROSA PINE TREES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID HALF-SIB FAMILIES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LEAF MORPHOLOGY; USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DROUGHT; MATURATION; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH AB Xylem pressure potential (psi(s)), net photosynthesis (A), needle conductance (g(n)), and transpiration (E) were measured periodically throughout the 1991 growing season on 16 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) trees growing in a 23-year-old provenance planting in eastern Nebraska. The trees studied were from four diverse sources: western Montana, northwest South Dakota, southern New Mexico, and central Arizona. In addition to water relations and gas exchange, specific leaf area, stomatal density, and surface to volume ratios were determined on 1-year-old foliage of each tree. Compared with the other seed sources, gas exchange of the South Dakota source was lowest early in the summer, when psi(x) was generally high, and highest in the late summer, when psi(x) declined. However, the relation Of g(n) to psi(x) did not appear to differ among the seed sources. The South Dakota source had lower stomatal density and needle length than the other sources tested. No differences in specific leaf area or surface to volume ratio were observed. Overall, variation in physiology and needle morphology among seed sources of mature ponderosa pine appears to be more subtle than intraspecific variation of seedlings of other species reported in the literature. RP CREGG, BM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR SEMIARID AGROFORESTRY,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1139/x93-098 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LF595 UT WOS:A1993LF59500024 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI MODELS AND SAMPLING FOR STUDYING WEED SEED SURVIVAL WITH WILD MUSTARD (SINAPIS-ARVENSIS) AS A CASE-STUDY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MODEL; SEED PERSISTENCE; SEED SURVIVAL; WILD MUSTARD; SINAPIS-ARVENSIS ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; SOIL; GERMINATION; LONGEVITY; PERSISTENCE; VIABILITY; EMERGENCE; DORMANCY; BURIAL; CROPS AB Most studies of seed survival over time are not repeated in different years because they are long-term efforts. Methodological research reported in this paper shows that the shape of seed survival curves can differ for the same species for seed produced in different years. Consequently, seed survival of wild mustard could not be described by a single type of seed survivorship curve. Wild mustard seed survival was a negative exponential function of time in one 4-yr-long trial [Y=a + b*exp(-X)], but decreased as a negative linear function of time in a second trial (Y=a + b*X), where Y is percent seed survival, X is time in years, and a, b, and c are coefficients. However, both data sets could be adequately described by a mixed negative exponential model [Y=a + b*X + c*exp(-X)]. The negative hyperbolic model [Y=a/(X + b)] did not describe both trials as well as did the mixed negative exponential model. Sample sizes of four groups of 100 seed each, harvested each year for four years, provided acceptable nonlinear regression models for seed survival data. It was not advantageous to increase sample size more than this because r2 was not greatly increased and the residual mean square error (RMSE) was not decreased. RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,244 AGR ENGN BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 73 IS 2 BP 637 EP 645 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LH551 UT WOS:A1993LH55100030 ER PT J AU COCHRANE, SM DUBEY, JP AF COCHRANE, SM DUBEY, JP TI NEOSPOROSIS IN A GOLDEN RETRIEVER DOG FROM ONTARIO SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Note ID CANINUM C1 UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET TEACHING HOSP,SMALL ANIM CLIN,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD APR PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 232 EP 233 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KZ870 UT WOS:A1993KZ87000008 PM 17424201 ER PT J AU JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM LAMONFAVA, S SCHAEFER, MM WILSON, PWF CASTELLI, WP SCHAEFER, EJ AF JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM LAMONFAVA, S SCHAEFER, MM WILSON, PWF CASTELLI, WP SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF AGE, SEX, AND MENOPAUSAL STATUS ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN(A) LEVELS - THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOASSAY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; RISK FACTOR; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SIZE HETEROGENEITY; SERUM AB Background. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic particle that structurally resembles a low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle but contains a molecule of apolipoprotein(a) attached to apolipoprotein B-100 by a disulfide bond. Because elevated plasma levels of Lp(a) have been shown to be an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, it is important to define normal ranges for this lipoprotein. Methods and Results. We have measured Lp(a) in 1,284 men (mean age, 48 +/- 10 years) and 1,394 women (mean age, 48 +/- 10 years) free of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and not on medications known to affect lipids who were seen at the third examination cycle of the Framingham Offspring Study. Plasma Lp(a) levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which uses a ''capture'' monoclonal anti-apo(a) antibody that does not cross-react with plasminogen, and a polyclonal anti-apo(a) antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The assay was calibrated to total Lp(a) mass. The Lp(a) frequency distribution was highly skewed to the right, with 56% of the values in the 0-10-mg/dL range. Mean plasma Lp(a) concentrations were 14 +/- 17 mg/dL in men and 15 +/- 17 mg/dL in women. Values of more than 38 mg/dL were above the 90th percentile and values of more than 22 mg/dL were above the 75th percentile in both men and women. Conclusions. We have determined mean Lp(a) levels for men and women participating in the Framingham Offspring Study. In this population, there was an inverse association between plasma levels of Lp(a) and triglycerides for both sexes (p < 0.006), but triglycerides accounted for only approximately 0.5% of the variation in Lp(a) levels. Associations of Lp(a) levels with total and LDL cholesterol levels were not significant after correction for the estimated contribution of Lp(a) cholesterol to total and LDL cholesterol. After controlling for age, Lp(a) values were 8% greater in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women, but this difference was not statistically significant. Bodv mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, use of beta-blockers or cholesterol-lowering medications, and use of drugs for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension were not correlated with Lp(a) levels. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243] NR 70 TC 268 Z9 277 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR PY 1993 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1141 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA KW422 UT WOS:A1993KW42200010 PM 8462142 ER PT J AU FLEMING, MW AF FLEMING, MW TI ECDYSTEROIDS DURING DEVELOPMENT IN THE OVINE PARASITIC NEMATODE, HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASCARIS-SUUM; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; ADULTS; LARVAE AB 1. Samples of embryonating eggs, infective larvae, fourth-stage larvae, young adults, and male and female mature adults of Haemonchus contortus were collected for steroid analysis; lipids were extracted, partially purified, fractionated with HPLC, and analyzed for ecdysteroids by radioimmunoassay. 2. Free ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were detected in all samples; maximal concentrations occurred in the fourth-stage larvae and young adults. 3. Conjugated ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were detected in all samples but the infected larvae; maximal concentrations occurred in the fourth-stage larvae and young adults. 4. Patterns of ecdysteroid occurrence support regulatory roles in embryogenesis, cuticular deposition, and gonadogenesis. 5. Relative concentrations of ecdysteroids are comparable to those previously reported in eggs and adults of Ascaris suum. RP FLEMING, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 BP 653 EP 655 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90192-8 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA KV237 UT WOS:A1993KV23700004 PM 8472534 ER PT J AU MASLAK, DM SCHMERR, MJ AF MASLAK, DM SCHMERR, MJ TI ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS BETWEEN OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS (OPPV) AND HIV-1 SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS; HIV-1; ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS; VISNA; IMMUNOBLOTTING; LENTIVIRUS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; VISNA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LENTIVIRUS STRAINS; SHEEP; REPLICATION; MACROPHAGES; SHARES AB The antigenic relatedness between ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), a lentivirus that infects sheep, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was examined by immunoblot analysis. Fourteen of 20 sheep sera, that were positive for OPPV antibodies on an immunodiffusion test, reacted with HIV-1 p24 on a commercial blot of HIV-1 and cell lysate proteins (Virostat, Portland, Maine). Sheep OPPV antisera did not bind to cellular antigens on a negative control blot of cellular proteins. There was no correlation between the ability to bind to HIV-1 p24 and the status of disease in the sheep. Twenty human anti-HIV-1 sera and two human HIV-1 negative sera were tested on OPPV and cell lysate (OPPV-CON) and cell lysate (CON) protein blots. None of the human serum samples tested reacted to OPPV specific proteins. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0147-9571(93)90002-M PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA LE118 UT WOS:A1993LE11800002 PM 8391410 ER PT J AU REED, BM AF REED, BM TI RESPONSES TO ABA AND COLD-ACCLIMATION ARE GENOTYPE DEPENDENT FOR CRYOPRESERVED BLACKBERRY AND RASPBERRY MERISTEMS SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; SHOOT-TIPS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; CULTURED-CELLS; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; CYTOKININS; HARDINESS; INDUCTION; INVITRO RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD APR PY 1993 VL 30 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1006/cryo.1993.1017 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA KX236 UT WOS:A1993KX23600008 ER PT J AU SALCH, YP BEREMAND, MN AF SALCH, YP BEREMAND, MN TI GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS TRANSFORMANTS - STATE OF TRANSFORMING DNA DURING ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL GROWTH SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRANSFORMATION; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; FUSARIUM; MITOTIC MEIOTIC STABILITY ID HYGROMYCIN-B RESISTANCE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; AMDS GENE; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM; PODOSPORA-ANSERINA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; DUPLICATED DNA; SEQUENCES AB A genetically fertile, trichothecene-producing plant pathogen, Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum), was transformed with three different vectors: cosHyg1, pUCH1, and pDH25. All three vectors carry hph (encoding hygromycin B phosphotransferase) as the selectable marker. Transformation frequency was 0.03 transformants per mumg of DNA for pDH25 and 0.5 for pUCH1 or cosHyg1. The vector DNA sequences integrated at different sites into the fungal genome. Transformants were classified into three types based upon distinctive integration patterns: type A contained a single, intact copy of the vector at one site per genome; type B contained multiple tandem copies or a combination of single and multiple tandem copies at one or more sites per genome; type C contained a partial vector copy at one site per genome. While the transformants with cosHyg1 and pUCH1 were type A or B, type C was unique to pDH25 transformants. Type A and C transformants were both meiotically and mitotically stable. However, type B multiple inserts were unstable in mitosis and meiosis since: (1) multiple tandem copies were deleted; (2) rearrangements occurred during premeiosis; and (3) inserts in one of the type B transformants became methylated during premeiosis. Differential expression of transforming sequences between spore germination and mycelial growth was also observed among type B transformants. The ability to transform G. pulicaris with the resulting varied features of integration patterns and the behavior of transforming DNA during mitosis and meiosis provides a means to isolate, manipulate, and study cloned genes in this mycotoxin-producing plant pathogen. RP SALCH, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1007/BF00310897 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA KV174 UT WOS:A1993KV17400010 PM 8467533 ER PT J AU COVERT, SF BOLDUC, J CULLEN, D AF COVERT, SF BOLDUC, J CULLEN, D TI GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF A CELLULASE GENE FAMILY IN PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM (VOL 22, PG 407, 1992) SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP COVERT, SF (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 374 EP 374 DI 10.1007/BF00310904 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA KV174 UT WOS:A1993KV17400017 PM 8467537 ER PT J AU ELSASSER, TH RUMSEY, TS KAHL, S AF ELSASSER, TH RUMSEY, TS KAHL, S TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE THYROID AND SOMATOTROPIC AXES IN STEERS .2. EFFECTS OF THYROID STATUS ON PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) AND THE IGF-I RESPONSE TO GROWTH-HORMONE SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOMATOMEDIN-C; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DOSE-RESPONSE; BEEF-CATTLE; PROTEIN; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; THYROXINE AB Three studies assessed the effect of thyroid status on regulation of plasma IGF-I in cattle. First, four Angus-Hereford steers (av wt 345 kg) were fed 4 mg/d propylthiouracil daily for 35 d. With continued feeding of PTU steers were sequentially injected with thyroxine (T4, 5 mg/d, IM for 5 d) followed by triiodothyronine (T3, 2 mg/d, IM for 5 d). An injection of bovine pituitary growth hormone (GH, 0.1 mg/kg, IM) was given to each steer on day 35 of PTU, day 5 of T4 and again on day 5 of T3. PTU alone increased plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), decreased plasma T4 and T3 but had no influence on IGF-I. T3, but not T4, lowered plasma TSH, IGF-I and the IGF-I response to GH (P<.05). Next, twelve bull calves (av wht 167 kg) were divided equally into two groups. A control group was injected daily for five d with buffered saline; the experimental group was concurrently treated with T3 (5 mg/d, sc) for five d. Beginning the sixth day, all calves were injected with GH (0.1 mg/kg, IM daily) for three d with the respective buffer or T3 treatments continuing. Plasma IGF-I was depressed 29% by T3. The incremental area under the three-d response curve was less (P<.03) in T3 cattle. A growth trial was conducted in which twenty-four Angus x Hereford steers were injected daily with T3(2 mg/kg, bi-daily x 56 d) or implanted with Synovex-S (S) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Synovex increased empty body protein gain (EBPG) and plasma IGF-I 15.5 and 27.9% (P<.01), respectively; T3 decreased EBPG and plasma IGF-I 13.9 and 15.1% (P<.07), respectively, in steers which maintained suppression in plasma TSH. The data support the conclusion that elevated T3 decreases plasma IGF-I, in part, through a diminished GH-responsiveness and anabolic treatments such as S can reverse the effects of excess T3. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20781. RP ELSASSER, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(93)90013-2 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LB843 UT WOS:A1993LB84300001 PM 8325012 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD BOLT, DJ COOPER, BS AF GUTHRIE, HD BOLT, DJ COOPER, BS TI CHANGES IN FOLLICULAR ESTRADIOL-17-BETA, PROGESTERONE AND INHIBIN IMMUNOACTIVITY IN HEALTHY AND ATRETIC FOLLICLES DURING PREOVULATORY MATURATION IN THE PIG SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; STIMULATING-HORMONE; OVARIAN FOLLICLE; GONADOTROPIN TREATMENT; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; STEROID-SECRETION; GRANULOSA-CELLS; GILTS; INVITRO; ATRESIA AB Follicular hormones, growth and granulosa cell gonadotropin sensitive adenylate cyclase activity were determined in healthy and atretic follicles during preovulatory maturation in pigs. Ovaries were recovered at slaughter which was 1. 3, 5 or 7 d after the last administration of a progesterone agonist (altrenogest). Plasma FSH decreased (P<.05) by 64% between days 1 and 3 and remained low through day 5. The number of large (>5 mm) follicles increased from 2.7 on day 1 to 14.8 on day 3 and did not differ significantly among days 3, 5 and 7. The number of small (1-2 mm) and medium (3-5 mm) follicles decreased (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) by 82% between days 3 and 5. Follicles first became estrogen-active (EA) (greater-than-or-equal-to 100 ng of estradiol-17beta/ml of follicular fluid) on day 3, with 14.3% of medium and 73.8% of large follicles being EA. About 30% of small and 13% of medium follicles were morphologically atretic on days 1 and 3 However, by day 5, the proportion of atretic small and medium follicles had increased (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) to 100 and 59%, respectively. Follicular fluid inhibin immunoactivity and estradiol-17beta were lower (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) and progesterone was greater (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) in atretic than healthy follicles. Granulosa cells from large follicles produced (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) more cAMP than cells from healthy or atretic small/medium follicles. Compared to control or pFSH treatment, pLH increased cAMP production by granulosa cells from large follicles on all days and from small/medium follicles on days 1 and 5; pLH had no effect on granulosa cells from atretic follicles. Compared to control, pFSH increased cAMP production in granulosa cells from healthy small/medium follicles only on day 1; no effect was detected in granulosa cells from large or atretic follicles on any day. We conclude that decreased secretion of FSH increased loss and atresia among non-ovulatory follicles. Atretic follicles were marked by loss of granulosa cell gonadotropin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity and by low concentrations of estradiol-17beta. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(93)90018-7 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LB843 UT WOS:A1993LB84300006 PM 8391960 ER PT J AU BOHAC, JR AUSTIN, DF JONES, A AF BOHAC, JR AUSTIN, DF JONES, A TI DISCOVERY OF WILD TETRAPLOID SWEET-POTATOES SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA SECTION BATATAS; IPOMOEA-TRIFIDA; TETRAPLOIDS; SWEET-POTATO ID DIPLOID IPOMOEA-TRIFIDA; SWEET-POTATO; CONVOLVULACEAE; CROSSABILITY; POLLEN; DON AB Specimens in the germplasm collection at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Charleston, SC, were studied to examine phylogenetic relations of the tetraploid accessions in Ipomoea section Batatas. This collection contains tetraploids from a wide geographic range and most were tentatively identified by the collector as I. trifida. This study shows that corolla and sepal traits may be used to distinguish the tetraploids from known specimens of I. trifida (diploid) and I. batatas (hexaploid). All but one tetraploid accession examined (CH67.50) had corolla tubes and sepals shaped like I. batatas and more closely resembled that species than I. trifida. Use of corolla tube diameter allowed the hexaploid I. batatas and tetraploid accessions to be distinguished from I. trifida because the corolla tubes were wider immediately above the calyx. Differences in sepal shape were quantified using the angle at the sepal apex. This angle was consistently obtuse in the I. batatas hexaploids and the tetraploids, but was acute in the I. trifida accessions. Due to similarities in sepal and corolla traits, these tetraploids should be reidentified as tetraploid I. batatas, a cytological race of the hexaploid I. batatas (the sweetpotato). C1 USDA ARS,VETETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BOCA RATON,FL 33431. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1007/BF02862022 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LJ719 UT WOS:A1993LJ71900008 ER PT J AU IMAKAWA, K HELMER, SD NEPHEW, KP MEKA, CSR CHRISTENSON, RK AF IMAKAWA, K HELMER, SD NEPHEW, KP MEKA, CSR CHRISTENSON, RK TI A NOVEL ROLE FOR GM-CSF - ENHANCEMENT OF PREGNANCY SPECIFIC INTERFERON-PRODUCTION, OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1 SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Note ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; EMBRYO AB Transient and massive production of ovine trophoblast protein-I (oTP-1) by preimplantation conceptuses seems to be a critical event required for the establishment of successful pregnancy. We have previously demonstrated that one of several oTP-1 genes is predominantly expressed between days 13 and 20 of pregnancy and that this oTP-1 gene contains an AP-1 site, a transcription enhancer element, in the 5'-flanking region. We have obtained evidence, indicating a linkage between cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and conceptus production of the trophoblast interferon (IFN), oTP-1. These are: 1) oTP-1 production (both polypeptide and mRNA) is enhanced by the addition of GM-CSF in vitro and 2) GM-CSF mRNA is localized in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the uterine endometrium. Based on these observations, we propose that the massive amounts of oTP-1 produced during the period of pregnancy establishment is stimulated at least in part by maternal GM-CSF. C1 WICHITA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, WICHITA, KS 67208 USA. USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. RP IMAKAWA, K (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS, SCH MED, WOMENS RES INST, DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL, 2903 E CENT, WICHITA, KS 67214 USA. OI Helmer, Stephen/0000-0002-8760-7950 NR 21 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD APR PY 1993 VL 132 IS 4 BP 1869 EP 1871 DI 10.1210/en.132.4.1869 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KV629 UT WOS:A1993KV62900063 PM 7681767 ER PT J AU CREAMER, R NAULT, LR GINGERY, RE AF CREAMER, R NAULT, LR GINGERY, RE TI BIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING LEAFHOPPER TRANSMISSION OF PURIFIED MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF MACHLOVIRUS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE VECTOR; GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; HELPER COMPONENT ID CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC-VIRUS; APHID TRANSMISSION; HELPER-COMPONENT; PARTICLES; FOREGUT AB A helper component from maize chlorotic dwarf machlovirus (MCDV)-infected plants was necessary for insect transmission of purified MCDV. Purified MCDV, WS strain, when acquired by membrane feeding, was transmitted by Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes) (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) which fed first on MCDV (M1 strain)-infected maize. Conversely, feeding on MCDV-WS-infected maize allowed transmission of purified MCDV-M1, indicating that the helper component was not strain specific. Viruliferous G. nigrifrons lost the ability to transmit MCDV-M1 after feeding for 24 h on healthy maize, but retained the ability to acquire and transmit purified MCDV-WS for up to 36 h. When G. nigrifrons fed initially on MCDV-infected plants and then on a second strain of purified MCDV, the second strain of MCDV could be transmitted alone, suggesting that the helper component from MCDV-infected plants was something other than the virion itself. Lengthening acquisition feeding of G. nigrifrons on MCDV-M1-infected maize or purified MCDV-WS did not significantly change the transmission frequency of MCDV-WS. Amblysellus grex (Oman), an experimental vector of MCDV, also transmitted purified MCDV-WS after an initial acquisition feeding on MCDV-MI-infected maize. This suggests that the helper component is not vector species specific. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KZ200 UT WOS:A1993KZ20000009 ER PT J AU FARRAR, RR KENNEDY, G AF FARRAR, RR KENNEDY, G TI FIELD CAGE PERFORMANCE OF 2 TACHINID PARASITOIDS OF THE TOMATO FRUITWORM ON INSECT RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TOMATO LINES SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article ID HIRSUTUM F GLABRATUM; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; WILD TOMATO; TELENOMUS-SPHINGIS; 2-UNDECANONE; TRICHOGRAMMA; INHIBITION; MORTALITY; MANDUCA; GROWTH AB Rates of parasitism of Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by two tachinid parasitoid species differing in larviposition habits were measured in field cages on tomato plant lines with or without methyl-ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone)-mediated insect resistance. Hosts were placed on resistant or susceptible plants, exposed to parasitoids for 24-48 b, then held on artificial diet for parasitoid emergence. Rates of parasitism by Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae), which larviposits on its host's food plant, were significantly reduced on the resistant plants, relative to those on the susceptible plants. Parasitism by another Tachinid, Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky, which larviposits directly into its host and does not directly contact the foliage of its hosts, food plant as a small larva, was not affected by the methyl-ketone mediated resistance. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP FARRAR, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,IBL,RM 108,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KZ200 UT WOS:A1993KZ20000010 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ AF LANDOLT, PJ TI EFFECTS OF HOST PLANT LEAF DAMAGE ON CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH ATTRACTION AND OVIPOSITION SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; HOST-FINDING; BEHAVIOR; OVIPOSITION ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEPIDOPTERA; FLIGHT; IDENTIFICATION; NOCTUIDAE; VOLATILES; FEMALES; ODOR AB Mated female Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) moths, when presented a choice of either undamaged cotton plants, Gossypium hirsutum L., or damaged plants (cut leaves or feeding T. ni larvae) in a flight tunnel, were most often attracted first to the damaged plants. However, these same moths oviposited primarily on the undamaged plants. In a similar test with cabbage plants, Brassica oleracea L., the presence of conspecific larvae decreased both attraction and oviposition. Cuts to cabbage leaves had no significant effect on attraction or oviposition. When presented one plant at a time, percentages of cabbage looper moths attracted were not affected by the presence of larvae on either cabbage or cotton plants, or by cuts to cabbage plant leaves. Percentages of moths attracted were, however, higher using cotton plants with cut leaves. The results suggest an important role for damage induced plant volatiles in host location as well as host acceptance by T. ni. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KZ200 UT WOS:A1993KZ20000011 ER PT J AU WAN, C SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF WAN, C SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI DROUGHT-INDUCED CHANGES IN WATER RELATIONS IN BROOM SNAKEWEED (GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE) UNDER GREENHOUSE-GROWN AND FIELD-GROWN CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; ACCLIMATION; DEHYDRATION-AVOIDANCE ID OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; DESERT PLANTS; SHRUBS; DEATH AB Pressure-volume analyses were done on a half-shrub shrub broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) subjected to different soil water regimes under pot- and field-grown conditions. Under pot and field conditions, water deficit decreased water and osmotic potentials. In the severely droughted pot-grown plants, osmotic potential at full turgor (PI100) decreased by 0.44 MPa due to reduced symplastic volume, the result of a decreased leaf turgid to dry weight (TW/DW) ratio. A reduction of 0.86 MPa in PI100 was observed in the field-grown plants subjected to the first drought cycle, but increased cell wall elasticity occurred in the second drought cycle. The lowered PI100 was attributed to osmotic adjustment and reduced symplastic volume. High cell wall elasticity in the second drought cycle led to a greater water loss and tissue desiccation. It is concluded that osmotic adjustment, increased apoplastic water fraction and more rigid tissue are important dehydration-avoidance mechanisms in broom snakeweed. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP WAN, C (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1993 VL 33 IS 2 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(93)90078-T PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA094 UT WOS:A1993LA09400013 ER PT J AU LYNCH, RE SIMMONS, AM AF LYNCH, RE SIMMONS, AM TI DISTRIBUTION OF IMMATURES AND MONITORING OF ADULT SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY, BEMISIA-TABACI (GENNADIUS) (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE), IN PEANUT, ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY; BEMISIA-TABACI; PEANUT ID COTTON; POPULATION; GENN; MORPHOMETRICS; POINSETTIA; PATTERNS AB The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), attacking peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., in Georgia was identified as Strain B. Based on the Brooks-Dyar rule for geometric growth, four nymphal instars occurred on peanut. Average length and width (mum), respectively, for the instars were (mean +/- SE): first, 207.8 +/-5.4, 120.9 +/- 4.4; second, 314.9 +/- 8.8, 194.0 +/- 6.4; third, 442.6 +/- 11.2, 289.1 +/- 8.0; and fourth, 619.3 +/- 9.2, 428.7 +/- 4.4. Few immatures were found on the terminal and second leaf of a lateral branch. They were most abundant on leaves 3, 4, and 5, and then numbers declined with an increase in leaf age. Immatures occurred on both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Immatures were equally distributed among the tetrafoliates of a peanut leaf, but their location on upper versus lower leaf surface varied over time. Yellow sticky traps placed in a horizontal position at ground level or at canopy level and with the sticky surface upward were most effective in capture of adult sweetpotato whiteflies. The number of immatures on peanut leaves was only weakly related to the number of adults captured in sticky traps 1 wk earlier. RP LYNCH, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC541 UT WOS:A1993MC54100017 ER PT J AU HARRIS, EJ VARGAS, RI GILMORE, JE AF HARRIS, EJ VARGAS, RI GILMORE, JE TI SEASONALITY IN OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN UPLAND AND LOWLAND AREAS ON KAUAI, HAWAII SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DISTRIBUTION; SEASONALITY ID PATTERNS; ISLAND; OAHU AB Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis captitata (Wiedemann), was monitored with male lure trap collections and periodic collections of ripe fruits on the island of Kauai to determine its temporal appearance and distribution patterns. Results showed marked temporal differences in peak trap catches of the fly in lowland areas compared with upland areas. Flies were caught in two upland locations compared with catches in six lowland locations. Strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, and common guava, Psidium guajava L., form a discontinuous belt of plants around Kauai. Infestation of this fruit by C. capitata was nearly absent in wet areas and consistent but variable in dry areas. The seasonal appearance of C. capitata in traps in Kokee and Polihale coincided with their emergence from collected fruits. The mean infestation rate of C. capitata in guava was 0.43 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- SEM) per kg of fruit compared with 37.5 +/- 15.3 for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Infestation of all fruits collected by B. dorsalis was widespread in all areas when these plants produced ripe fruits. Utilization of all fruits by C. capitata was very limited in comparison with the distribution and abundance of host plants. RP HARRIS, EJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC541 UT WOS:A1993MC54100021 ER PT J AU EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR AF EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR TI PHEROMONE PRODUCTION BY MALE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) UNDER NATURAL LIGHT CYCLES IN GREENHOUSE STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; PHEROMONE PERIODICITY; LIGHT INTENSITY ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; FLIES AB Collections of volatiles were obtained from calling males of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), under natural light cycles in tests conducted in a greenhouse and compared with collections from males tested under standard laboratory conditions. There was no effect on total amount of pheromone or in amounts of individual components released between 0400 and 2100 hours (EST); i.e., from 2 h before until 2 h after a 12-h photophase. Pheromone periodicity under either regime was fit best by a bimodal distribution, but there were shifts in times of peak production. Under laboratory conditions, there was a small early morning peak at the start of photophase (0600 hours) and a broad afternoon peak almost-equal-to 4 h before the end of photophase. Under greenhouse conditions, there was a small, broad early morning peak at 0700 hours and a sharp afternoon peak at almost-equal-to 1700 hours. Flies in the laboratory released significantly higher amounts of volatiles from 1230 to 1630 hours, whereas those in the greenhouse produced significantly higher levels from 1700 to 2100 hours. Under greenhouse conditions, pheromone production was positively correlated with relative humidity and negatively correlated with light intensity, as indicated by overall light levels measured in lux. It is speculated that high light intensities and low relative humidity, to which males under natural light cycles are exposed, inhibit pheromone production during the middle part of the day, and that environmental variables work in concert with circadian rhythm to control periodicity of pheromone release. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 464 EP 469 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC541 UT WOS:A1993MC54100030 ER PT J AU FARAG, AM WOODWARD, DF LITTLE, EE STEADMAN, B VERTUCCI, FA AF FARAG, AM WOODWARD, DF LITTLE, EE STEADMAN, B VERTUCCI, FA TI THE EFFECTS OF LOW PH AND ELEVATED ALUMINUM ON YELLOWSTONE CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-BOUVIERI) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PH; BEHAVIOR; CUTTHROAT TROUT; IONOREGULATION ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CALCIUM; FISH; SENSITIVITY; SURVIVAL; ACIDITY; ALEVINS; GROWTH AB Although acid deposition is not considered a problem in the western United States, surface waters in high elevations and fish inhabiting these waters may be vulnerable to acidification. This study examined the sensitivity of a western salmonid to acid and aluminum stress. Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri; YSC) were exposed for 7 d during each of four early life stages, or continuously from fertilization to 40 d post-hatch, to decreased pH and elevated Al. We monitored survival, growth, whole-body ion content, and behavior of the exposed fish. Sensitivity of early life stages of YSC may be expressed by survival or by survival and sublethal effects. In our study, eggs were the most sensitive life stage of YSC to low pH if survival alone was considered. However, the sublethal effects on growth, tissue ion content, and behavior revealed the alevins and swim-up larvae were more sensitive to reduced pH and increased Al than eggs or eyed embryos. We also observed that survival was significantly decreased if YSC were exposed to pH 6.0 and 50 mug Al per liter continuously from fertilization to 40 d post-hatch. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,JACKSON FIELD STN,JACKSON,WY 83001. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP FARAG, AM (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 719 EP 731 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[719:TEOLPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR632 UT WOS:A1993KR63200014 ER PT J AU MILES, CW WONG, NP RUMPLER, WV CONWAY, J AF MILES, CW WONG, NP RUMPLER, WV CONWAY, J TI EFFECT OF CIRCADIAN VARIATION IN ENERGY-EXPENDITURE, WITHIN-SUBJECT VARIATION AND WEIGHT-REDUCTION ON THERMAL EFFECT OF FOOD SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; MEAL-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; LEAN BODY-MASS; OBESE SUBJECTS; POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGENESIS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; NONOBESE WOMEN AB Thermic effect of food (TEF) studies give conflicting answers to research questions and in many cases data from one laboratory to another is not comparable because of the utilization of different experimental methods. Likewise, how weight reduction affects measurement of TEF is controversial. Two studies were conducted on how TEF affects energy expenditure. The first study examined how resting energy expenditure (REE) measurements can affect TEF studies and how much within-subject variation is found in TEF studies. The TEF of a standard meal was measured in six subjects for 6.5 h on three different occasions by indirect calorimetry. REE was measured on each subject for 1 h before the meal was given on each measurement occasion. On a separate day, the energy expenditure was measured on each subject during the same time period as the TEF measurement, but without any food given to determine if a circadian increase in REE over the time period of the measurement was observed. We found no circadian increase in energy expenditure during the 6.5 h of the REE study. While the within-subject variation in REE (four measurements) had an average coefficient of variation of 5.2% (range 2.4-8.5%), the coefficient of variation of the TEF measured (three measurements) was 26.4% (range 13.6-50.9). In the second study, REF and the TEF were measured before and after weight reduction in moderately overweight adult women. Nine women weighing between 62.1 and 84.7 kg lost an average of 7.3 kg while on a reduced calorie, low fat diet for between 12 and 14 weeks. After weight reduction, the average REE of these subjects decreased by 8.8% or 515 kJ (123 kcal)/24 h. The TEF of these nine women was measured for 6.5 h before and after weight reduction using 16 oz of Sustacal(TM), 2008 kJ (480 kcal). Before weight reduction the thermic effect of Sustacal was 264 kJ (63 kcal) or 13% of calories consumed, and after weight reduction it was 251 kJ (60 kcal) or 12.5% of calories consumed. We did not find the TEF to be lower than expected in these subjects before weight reduction, since TEF is often reported to be around 10% of energy consumed, and it was not changed after weight reduction. RP MILES, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 274 EP 284 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KY557 UT WOS:A1993KY55700008 PM 8491165 ER PT J AU SMITH, KT SHORTLE, WC AF SMITH, KT SHORTLE, WC TI COMPARTMENTALIZATION RESPONSE OF 2 CLONES OF HYBRID-POPLAR SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPARTMENTALIZATION; POPULUS; WOOD DISCOLORATION; BIOASSAY; FUNGI ID DECAY; TREES AB A 14-day bioassay indicated the effectiveness of compartmentalization evident 24 months following wounding of two clones of hybrid-poplar. The boundary pattern adjacent to columns of wound-initiated discoloration indicated that column boundary layer formation was not the sole determinant for the effectiveness of compartmentalization. RP SMITH, KT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KW610 UT WOS:A1993KW61000002 ER PT J AU NAIR, PP AF NAIR, PP TI NUTRIENTS AND THE HUMAN GENOME - NEW FRONTIERS FOR THE NEXT CENTURY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY; RAT C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,CTR HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP NAIR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 6 BP 501 EP 502 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY009 UT WOS:A1993KY00900001 PM 8472888 ER PT J AU SNYDER, GW SAMMONS, DJ SICHER, RC AF SNYDER, GW SAMMONS, DJ SICHER, RC TI SPIKE REMOVAL EFFECTS ON DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION, ASSIMILATE DISTRIBUTION AND GRAIN YIELDS OF 3 SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT GENOTYPES SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SENESCENCE AB The effects of spike removal on dry matter partitioning were studied in three soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Field plots were planted in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement of treatments (genotypes as whole plots and spike treatments as subplots). Spike treatments were with either intact spikes (control) or with 25% spike removal (SR) at 4 days post-anthesis. Dry weight and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content of tiller organs (spike, peduncle, stem and leaf) were determined at 7-day intervals from the data of SR treatment until physiological maturity. Grain yields were decreased 25% in the SR compared to the control treatment, whereas kernel test weight was not significantly different between treatments. Both dry weight and TNC content of leaf, peduncle, and stem samples were greater in the SR than in the control subplots 1 or 2 weeks after the SR treatment. Averaged across genotypes, there was a net dry weight increase of 1.05 g in control samples throughout the grain-filling period. By comparison, spikeless tillers in the SR subplots lost 1.89 g of dry matter between anthesis and maturity. These findings suggested that dry matter produced by a spikeless tiller was not translocated to intact tillers of the same plant in sufficient quantities to impact yield. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90091-Z PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KR092 UT WOS:A1993KR09200001 ER PT J AU WHITE, WH AF WHITE, WH TI CLUSTER-ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING SUGARCANE BORER RESISTANCE IN SUGARCANE LINE TRIALS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA AB Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), damage is complex and can be measured by multiple variables, i.e. visual damage and percentage of internodes bored. Cluster analysis is a statistical technique to summarize similarities among many objects that have multiple measured variables and was used to assess early sugarcane, Saccharum interspecific hybrids, line trials for resistance to sugarcane borer. A selection series of 44 varieties was evaluated by their response to sugarcane borer; four times under artificial infestation and once under natural infestation. The composition of varieties partially changed from year-to-year as low-yielding or poor-performing varieties were dropped from the program and as new varieties were added. Visual injury estimates and percentage of bored internodes at harvest were subjected to traditional analysis of variance with subsequent multiple comparisons and to hierarchical cluster analysis. Classification of varieties by analysis of variance was made difficult by the multivariate data collected and multiple comparison test assigning variety means to overlapping groups. With cluster analysis, information from multiple variables can be used to assign varieties to discrete classes. Labels (resistant, susceptible) were placed on these discrete classes with the aid of commercial varieties of known reaction to sugarcane borer included as industry standards. The four-cluster analysis explained more variation among the varieties than the three-cluster and including an additional cluster group provided insight into the mechanisms of resistance to sugarcane borer. Groups with high visual injury ratings and low percent internodes bored may lack tolerance to sugarcane borer feeding. Conversely, groups with low ratings and high percent internodes bored may possess tolerance to sugarcane borer. RP WHITE, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90099-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KR092 UT WOS:A1993KR09200009 ER PT J AU HARR, RD NICHOLS, RA AF HARR, RD NICHOLS, RA TI STABILIZING FOREST ROADS TO HELP RESTORE FISH HABITATS - A NORTHWEST WASHINGTON EXAMPLE SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB As part of total watershed rehabilitation to improve fish habitats and water quality and to reduce flood hazards, 30-40-year-old, unused, largely impassable roads and landings in the Canyon Creek watershed within the North Fork Nooksack River watershed were decommissioned by stabilizing fills, removing stream crossings, recontouring slopes, and reestablishing drainage patterns to reduce the landslide hazards. The average cost for decommissioning a road was $3,500 per kilometer (for earthmoving by excavator and bulldozer) where considerable amounts of alder brush were cleared and sidecast material was pulled back upslope. Lower costs were associated with lesser earthmoving jobs; the highest costs resulted when fills at stream crossings or landings had to be removed. In contrast to unused roads not treated, decommissioned roads and landings were largely undamaged by rain-on-snow runoff that produced a 50-year flood in the North Fork Nooksack River in November 1989 and sustained little damage during rain-on-snow runoff in November 1990 that severely damaged main haul roads in northwest Washington. RP HARR, RD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0018:SFRTHR>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KX054 UT WOS:A1993KX05400005 ER PT J AU MEBUS, CA HOUSE, C GONZALVO, FR PINEDA, JM TAPIADOR, J PIRE, JJ BERGADA, J YEDLOUTSCHNIG, RJ SAHU, S BECERRA, V SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM AF MEBUS, CA HOUSE, C GONZALVO, FR PINEDA, JM TAPIADOR, J PIRE, JJ BERGADA, J YEDLOUTSCHNIG, RJ SAHU, S BECERRA, V SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM TI SURVIVAL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE, AFRICAN SWINE FEVER, AND HOG-CHOLERA VIRUSES IN SPANISH SERRANO CURED HAMS AND IBERIAN CURED HAMS, SHOULDERS AND LOINS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 INST NACL INVEST AGR,E-28130 MADRID,SPAIN. INTERALIMEN,E-29006 MADRID,SPAIN. GRP NAVIDUL,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. JP CONSULTANTS INC,SAFETY HARBOR,FL 34695. LAB SOBRINO CYANAMID,GIRONA,SPAIN. USDA ARS,APHIS,VS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP MEBUS, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,VS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1014 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA KX049 UT WOS:A1993KX04900005 ER PT J AU WHITING, RC BUCHANAN, RL AF WHITING, RC BUCHANAN, RL TI A CLASSIFICATION OF MODELS IN PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY - REPLY SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; WATER ACTIVITY; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; THERMAL-DESTRUCTION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; PH; ATMOSPHERE; NITRITE RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 67 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA KX049 UT WOS:A1993KX04900008 ER PT J AU MARCOE, KK HAYTOWITZ, DB AF MARCOE, KK HAYTOWITZ, DB TI ESTIMATING NUTRIENT VALUES OF MIXED DISHES FROM LABEL INFORMATION SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP MARCOE, KK (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,6505 BELCREST RD,ROOM 315,FED BLDG,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 69 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KX056 UT WOS:A1993KX05600014 ER PT J AU BIRDSEY, RA PLANTINGA, AJ HEATH, LS AF BIRDSEY, RA PLANTINGA, AJ HEATH, LS TI PAST AND PROSPECTIVE CARBON STORAGE IN UNITED-STATES FORESTS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Global concern about increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and the possible consequences of future climate changes have generated interest in understanding and quantifying the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Historical changes in carbon storage in US forests have been estimated from periodic, comprehensive national inventories of forest resources. Since 1952, carbon stored on US timberland has increased by 38% or 8.8 X 10(15) g, primarily in the East. This increase is consistent with recently reported trends in Europe and accounts for as much as 21% of a hypothesized carbon sink in Northern temperate forests. Projections of changes in carbon storage over long periods of time were made with a carbon budget model that has been integrated with econometric models of the forest sector. Carbon storage is expected to increase until 2040, but at a slower rate than at present. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP BIRDSEY, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,5 RADNOR CORP CTR,100 MATSONFORD RD,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 23 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90129-B PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LC357 UT WOS:A1993LC35700003 ER PT J AU SOLTIS, LA NELSON, W WINISTORFER, SG AF SOLTIS, LA NELSON, W WINISTORFER, SG TI STATIC STRENGTH OF SIMULATED CEILING AND FLOOR CONNECTIONS IN MODULAR OR MANUFACTURED HOUSING SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID JOINTS AB The resistance of joints in timber structures subjected to lateral, withdrawal, or compressive forces depends on the properties of the fasteners and connected materials as well as the filler material between connected members. A total of 500 joints analogous to those found in the exterior walls of modular or manufactured housing was tested. Our objectives were to determine baseline joint property data and compare the strength of joints with gypsum, carpet, or floor tile filler materials to the baseline data. Comparisons were made between lateral, withdrawal, and compressive joint strength values. Filler material influenced the compressive and lateral strength of joints more than it influenced withdrawal strength. Withdrawal strength is shown to relate directly to the depth of penetration of the fastener into a holding member. RP SOLTIS, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KX618 UT WOS:A1993KX61800001 ER PT J AU LEE, AWC HSE, CY AF LEE, AWC HSE, CY TI EVALUATION OF CEMENT-EXCELSIOR BOARDS MADE FROM YELLOW-POPLAR AND SWEETGUM SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PORTLAND-CEMENT AB Previous research conducted in the laboratory pointed out several hardwood species that were either superior, comparable, marginal, or unsuitable for manufacturing cement-excelsior board (CEB). In this study, 40 full-sized boards were manufactured in a commercial production facility with the following species: yellow-poplar, sweetgum, southern pine, and a sweetgum/southern pine mixture. The properties of hardwood CEB were evaluated and compared with those of standard southern pine CEB. Results indicate that CEB made with yellow-poplar has equal or better properties than southern pine CEB. However, CEB made with all sweetgum or 50 percent sweetgum/50 percent southern pine does not meet the requirement of bending strength. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP LEE, AWC (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KX618 UT WOS:A1993KX61800007 ER PT J AU PERALTA, PN SYME, JH MCALISTER, RH AF PERALTA, PN SYME, JH MCALISTER, RH TI WATER STORAGE AND PLYWOOD PROCESSING OF HURRICANE-DOWNED SOUTHERN PINE TIMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This study documented and analyzed the activities that occurred during the water storage and plywood processing of Hurricane Hugo salvage logs at the Georgia-Pacific Corporation's plywood plant in Russellville, S.C. It was observed that in log decks where adequate water was properly applied, the log storage program was effective in preserving sound logs and in minimizing further damage from insects and fungi in logs that were already infested when placed in storage. No major problems were encountered in processing the sound logs that had been properly sprinkled: however, severe production problems were experienced in processing logs that were not properly sprinkled or were heavily infested with fungi and insects prior to water storage. Additionally, the incoming logs to the plywood plant were made up of a varying mixture of cull (severely infested) and sound logs. The extreme variation in log quality and moisture content created processing problems from the water vats to the hot press. Process and adhesive adjustments were made on a continuous basis in order to stay within process control limits. Regardless of the processing problems, the salvage logs consistently yielded plywood that met industry panel glueline and strength specifications. C1 US FOREST SERV,SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP PERALTA, PN (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KX618 UT WOS:A1993KX61800008 ER PT J AU MCNATT, JD MYERS, G AF MCNATT, JD MYERS, G TI SELECTED PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL HIGH-DENSITY HARDBOARDS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AB Information on the basic properties of hardboards is necessary for proper development of new end-use products. In this study, selected properties of 10 high-density hardboards from 6 manufacturing mills were determined. Results were compared with property requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and with property values from a hardboard study in the 1960s. With few exceptions, property values exceeded the ANSI requirements and were within the range of those in the 1960s study. RP MCNATT, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KX618 UT WOS:A1993KX61800009 ER PT J AU CAMILO, ME HIDIROGLOU, N BECKENHAUER, HC SELHUB, J BARAK, AJ AF CAMILO, ME HIDIROGLOU, N BECKENHAUER, HC SELHUB, J BARAK, AJ TI EFFECT OF ETHANOL AND BETAINE INGESTION ON HEPATIC FOLATE METABOLISM IN RATS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LIVER STUDY UNIT,OMAHA,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A883 EP A883 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95703505 ER PT J AU LIFSCHITZ, CH HACHEY, DL FESTE, AS FOY, T REEDS, PJ AF LIFSCHITZ, CH HACHEY, DL FESTE, AS FOY, T REEDS, PJ TI SYSTEMIC CONTRIBUTION OF ACETATE PRODUCED IN THE COLON SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIATR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A632 EP A632 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95702513 ER PT J AU MA, S WONG, RKH KIKENDALL, JW NAIR, PP AF MA, S WONG, RKH KIKENDALL, JW NAIR, PP TI DETECTION OF P53 GENE-MUTATIONS IN EXFOLIATED HUMAN COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS ISOLATED FROM STOOLS OF SUBJECTS UNDERGOING COLONOSCOPY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,GASTROENTEROL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A423 EP A423 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95701678 ER PT J AU SADRZADEH, SMH NANJI, AA PRICE, PL MEYDANI, M AF SADRZADEH, SMH NANJI, AA PRICE, PL MEYDANI, M TI THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL FEEDING ON SERUM AND LIVER ALPHA AND GAMMA TOCOPHEROL LEVELS IN NORMAL AND VITAMIN-E DEFICIENT RATS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW ENGLAND DEACONESS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02215. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,HNRC,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A982 EP A982 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95703902 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, JR KOWDLEY, KV PERRONE, G RUSSELL, RM AF SALTZMAN, JR KOWDLEY, KV PERRONE, G RUSSELL, RM TI EFFECT OF AGE ON LACTULOSE AND MANNITOL SMALL INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A644 EP A644 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95702559 ER PT J AU SERFATYLACROSNIERE, C WOOD, RJ VOYTKO, D SALTZMAN, JR PEDROSA, M SEPE, T RUSSELL, RM AF SERFATYLACROSNIERE, C WOOD, RJ VOYTKO, D SALTZMAN, JR PEDROSA, M SEPE, T RUSSELL, RM TI OMEPRAZOLE-INDUCED HYPOCHLORHYDRIA AND INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION OF ZINC, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN HUMANS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,GI NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,MINERAL BIOAVAILAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A646 EP A646 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95702568 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ SCHANLER, RJ AF SHULMAN, RJ SCHANLER, RJ TI INVIVO MEASUREMENTS OF GLUCOSE-ABSORPTION IN PREMATURE-INFANTS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A646 EP A646 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95702569 ER PT J AU BANKS, PM XU, SJ WANG, RRC LARKIN, PJ AF BANKS, PM XU, SJ WANG, RRC LARKIN, PJ TI VARYING CHROMOSOME COMPOSITION OF 56-CHROMOSOME WHEAT X THINOPYRUM-INTERMEDIUM PARTIAL AMPHIPLOIDS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE THINOPYRUM; AGROPYRON; AGROTRITICUM; WHEAT, AMPHIPLOID; OCTOPLOID; BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; RUST ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; RESISTANCE; LINES; HYBRIDS AB Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42) is a source of many potentially useful genes for wheat improvement. Many partial amphiploids have been produced between Th. intermedium and Triticum aestivum that are fertile and stable. These partial amphiploids all have 56 chromosomes, including seven pairs of chromosomes from Th. intermedium. To explore the genomic composition of these lines, meiotic analysis was conducted on 32 hybrid combinations between eight different partial amphiploids. All but two of the chosen parents were distinguishable on the basis of perenniality, head morphology, and reactions to leaf, stripe, and stem rusts and to barley yellow dwarf virus. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids clearly indicated that all but two of the partial amphiploids differed in their composition of Thinopyrum chromosomes. The differences varied from one to five chromosomes. This confirms molecular evidence that the extra genome of the octoploid partial amphiploids is a variable synthetic genome combining chromosomes of the three Thinopyrum genomes E, J, and X. Though the extra synthetic genomes vary widely between different octoploids, they are nevertheless stable once formed. It is argued that the failure to establish these octoploid amphiploids as a new crop is a consequence of their differing chromosome complements, which makes it impractical to interbreed them. C1 CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,INST CROP GERMPLASM RESOURCES,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP BANKS, PM (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GPO BOX 1600,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Larkin, Philip/A-9468-2008 OI Larkin, Philip/0000-0002-2608-1924 NR 36 TC 42 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1139/g93-029 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA LA745 UT WOS:A1993LA74500001 PM 18469982 ER PT J AU NADIMPALLI, RG JARRET, RL PHATAK, SC KOCHERT, G AF NADIMPALLI, RG JARRET, RL PHATAK, SC KOCHERT, G TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS-CAJAN) BASED ON NUCLEAR RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE PIGEONPEA; SYSTEMATICS; TAXONOMY; EVOLUTION; GERMPLASM ID L MILLSP; ATYLOSIA; DNA; EVOLUTION; BRASSICA; RFLPS AB Nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPS) were used to determine phylogenetic relationships in the genus Cajanus using 15 random genomic probes and six restriction enzymes. Twenty-four accessions representing 12 species of four genera (Cajanus, Dunbaria, Eriosema, and Rhynchosia) were examined to determine phylogenetic relationships in the genus Cajanus. Eriosema parviflorum was selected as the out-group. Sufficient RFLP polymorphisms were detected among species to resolve in-group taxa into distinct clusters. Topologies of trees from parsimony and similarity matrix analyses were similar but not identical, and clustering patterns agreed broadly with published phylogenies based on seed protein data and, to a lesser extent, data from cytology and breeding experiments. Accessions of cultivated C. cajan shared more DNA fragments with C. scarabaeoides than with C cajanifolia. Inconsistencies in taxonomic relationships based on data from morphology, cytology, crossability, and RFLPs are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1139/g93-030 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA LA745 UT WOS:A1993LA74500002 PM 18469983 ER PT J AU ROEHRDANZ, RL AF ROEHRDANZ, RL TI GENOME ORGANIZATION AND RESTRICTION SITE MAP OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA OF THE HOUSEFLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MTDNA; RESTRICTION SITE MAP; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; INSECT; EVOLUTION ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; SCREWWORM FLY; HETEROPLASMY; POPULATIONS; SIZE; SYSTEMATICS; VARIABILITY AB A restriction map of the housefly mitochondrial DNA was constructed. The putative arrangement of the major coding regions was determined by two methods. In the first, Drosophila clones of known gene content were hybridized to housefly restriction fragments on Southern blots. In the second, rare restriction sites and clusters of restriction sites were used to align the housefly restriction map with that of Drosophila yakuba. Both methods produced the same apparent gene arrangement. RP ROEHRDANZ, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1139/g93-050 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA LA745 UT WOS:A1993LA74500022 PM 8514159 ER PT J AU SCHALK, JM SHEPARD, BM STONER, KA AF SCHALK, JM SHEPARD, BM STONER, KA TI RESPONSE OF CATERPILLAR PESTS AND THE PARASITE DIADEGMA-INSULARE TO COLLARD CULTIVARS AND A PYRETHRIN INSECTICIDE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICAE-OLERACEA VAR ACEPHALA; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; PIERIS-RAPAE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; DIADEGMA-INSULARE ID DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; RESISTANCE; PLUTELLIDAE AB There were no differences in mortality, plant preference, or plant damage when diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) larvae were tested in no-choice and free-choice tests using leaf disks of resistant ('Green Glaze') or susceptible ('Vates', standard commercial cultivar) collards (Brassica oleracea Acephala group). No residuals of the pyrethrin insecticide Asana-XL (esfenvalerate) were detected 6 days after its application when DBM larvae were exposed to excised foliage for 72 hours. In a field test, more imported cabbage worm (ICW) (Pieris rapae L.) eggs were found on 'Vates' treated with the insecticide than on nontreated 'Vates' or nontreated or treated 'Green Glaze'. The fewest ICW, cabbage looper (CL) (Trichoplusia ni Hubner), and DBM larvae were found on the insecticide-treated cultivars. Fewer caterpillars were found on 'Green Glaze' than 'Vates'. An additive effect of plant resistance and insecticide application lowered counts of DBM, ICW, and CL larvae. Percent parasitism of DBM by Diadegma insulare Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was lower on cultivars treated with the insecticide. Field plant damage ratings were higher for nontreated 'Vates' and lowest for treated cultivars, but nontreated 'Green Glaze' had a significantly lower feeding damage rating than nontreated 'Vates'. Chemical name used: (S)-cyano (3-phenoxy phenyl) methyl-(S)-4 chloro-alpha (1-methylethyl) benzeneacetate [esfenvalerate (Asana-XL)]. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,CTR COASTAL RES & EDUC,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. RP SCHALK, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 308 EP 310 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LF389 UT WOS:A1993LF38900018 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, RE NORDBY, HE MCCOLLUM, TG AF MCDONALD, RE NORDBY, HE MCCOLLUM, TG TI EPICUTICULAR WAX MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION ARE RELATED TO GRAPEFRUIT CHILLING INJURY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; POSTHARVEST; CANOPY POSITION ID CUTICLES; LEAVES; FRUITS AB Differences in chilling injury (CI) susceptibility between 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) from interior and exterior tree canopy positions were analyzed to investigate the hypothesis that epicuticular wax morphology and composition influence CI development during low-temperature storage. The sun-exposed surface of fruit from the exterior canopy had significantly more CI and larger wax platelets than the shaded surface of the same fruit. Interior canopy fruit had significantly less CI and smaller wax platelets than exterior canopy fruit. Hydrocarbons, primarily n-alkanes, were significantly more abundant in the epicuticular wax on the surfaces of sun-exposed and exterior fruit compared with surfaces of shaded and interior fruit, respectively. Results of this study suggest that epicuticular wax plays a role in the development of external CI symptoms on grapefruit. RP MCDONALD, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 311 EP 312 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LF389 UT WOS:A1993LF38900019 ER PT J AU RANGO, A AF RANGO, A TI SNOW HYDROLOGY PROCESSES AND REMOTE-SENSING .2. SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; SNOW PROPERTIES; MODEL INPUT; SNOWMELT RUN-OFF AB In the last 20 years remote sensing research has led to significant progress in monitoring and measuring certain snow hydrology processes. Snow distribution in a drainage basin can be adequately assessed by visible sensors. Although there are still some interpretation problems, the NOAA-AVHRR sensor can provide frequent views of the areal snow cover in a basin, and snow cover maps are produced operationally by the National Weather Service on about 3000 drainage basins in North America. Measurement of snow accumulation or snow water equivalent with microwave remote sensing has great potential because of the capabilities for depth penetration, all-weather observation and night-time viewing. Several critical areas of research remain, namely, the acquisition of snow grain size information for input to microwave models and improvement in passive microwave resolution from space. Methods that combine both airborne gamma ray and visible satellite remote sensing of the snowpack with field measurements also hold promise for determining areal snow water equivalent. Some remote sensing techniques can also be used to detect different stages of snow metamorphism. Various aspects of snowpack ripening can be detected using microwave and thermal infra-red capabilities. The capabilities for measurement of snow albedo and surface temperature have direct application in both snow metamorphism and snowpack energy balance studies. The potentially most profitable research area here is the study of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function to improve snow albedo measurements. Most of the remote sensing capabilities in snow hydrology have been developed for improving snowmelt-run-off forecasting. Most applications have used the input of snow cover extent to deterministic models, both of the degree day and energy balance types. Snowmelt-run-off forecasts using satellite derived snow cover depletion curves and the models have been successfully made. As the extraction of additional snow cover characteristics becomes possible, remote sensing will have an even greater impact on snow hydrology. Important remote sensing capabilities will become available in the next 20 years through space platform observing systems that will improve our capability to observe the snowpack on an operational basis. RP RANGO, A (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360070204 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KZ958 UT WOS:A1993KZ95800003 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ AF JACKSON, TJ TI MEASURING SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE USING PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE-SENSING .3. SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE SOIL MOISTURE; PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING AB Soil moisture is one of the few directly observable hydrological variables that has an important role in water and energy budgets necessary for climate studies. At the present time there is no practical approach to measuring and monitoring soil moisture at the frequency and scale necessary for these large scale analyses. Current and developing satellite systems have not addressed this important question. A solution utilizing passive microwave remote sensing is presented here and an optimum system, soil moisture estimation algorithms and a microwave simulation model are described. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 321 Z9 333 U1 5 U2 52 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360070205 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KZ958 UT WOS:A1993KZ95800004 ER PT J AU LUNNEY, JK AF LUNNEY, JK TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTES AB The First International Swine CD Workshop summary meeting was held in Budapest, Hungary, on August 16, 1992, as a satellite to the Third International Veterinary Immunology Symposium. The work-shop, which was supported by the Veterinary Immunology Committee of the International Union of Immunological Scientists was divided into sections: T cells, activation antigens, B cells, macrophages/granulocytes, null cells, CD44/45 and data management. RP LUNNEY, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1020,ROOM 2,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD APR PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0167-5699(93)90227-C PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KY243 UT WOS:A1993KY24300001 PM 8098939 ER PT J AU MILLER, SG SILHACEK, DL AF MILLER, SG SILHACEK, DL TI PROPERTIES OF 2 HEMOLYMPH RIBOFLAVIN-BINDING PROTEINS FROM HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS; CHICKEN; RIBOFLAVIN; BINDING PROTEINS; DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; STORAGE PROTEINS; EGG-WHITE AB Hemolymph from late final instar Heliothis virescens larvae contains substantial amounts of riboflavin which is bound to two abundant polypeptides, lipophorin and a hexameric protein comprised of 82,000 M(r) subunits (p82). The riboflavin binding properties of the two proteins as well as those of a well-characterized flavin-binding protein from chicken egg albumin are presented and compared here. The dissociation constants for riboflavin derived from fluorescence quench binding assays for lipophorin and the p82 protein (1.1 x 10(-7) M and 3.6 x 10(-7) M, respectively) were c 40-120-fold greater than that of the high affinity chicken flavin-binding protein (K(d) = 3 x 10(-9) M). These assays yielded binding capacities of 0.5 mol riboflavin bound/mole lipophorin and from 1 to 2 mol riboflavin bound/mole p82 protein hexamer, values which were consistent with those obtained by equilibrium dialysis. Determinations of hemolymph riboflavin titers through development revealed an almost 10-fold increase in this value (from 3 to 25 mug/ml hemolymph) in the final larval instar, a stage at which marked increases in the concentrations of both lipophorin and the p82 protein were shown to occur. Calculations using the derived binding data and the ligand/binding protein concentration values confirmed that all of the hemolymph flavin is protein-bound and further, that the concentration of binding sites was in excess of the apparent riboflavin concentration. This latter point was confirmed in binding assays in which the binding of exogenous flavin added to hemolymph samples was demonstrated. RP MILLER, SG (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90025-N PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA KV203 UT WOS:A1993KV20300011 ER PT J AU ATALLA, RH HACKNEY, JM UHLIN, I THOMPSON, NS AF ATALLA, RH HACKNEY, JM UHLIN, I THOMPSON, NS TI HEMICELLULOSES AS STRUCTURE REGULATORS IN THE AGGREGATION OF NATIVE CELLULOSE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article DE HEMICELLULOSE; CELLULOSE; STRUCTURE; REGULATORS; PLANT CELL WALLS AB The influence of hemicelluloses on the aggregation of cellulose in higher plant cell walls was modelled by adding hemicelluloses to cultures of the cellulose producer Acetobacter xylinum. Characterization of the celluloses by X-ray diffractometry showed them to be more like those that occur in higher plants; the coaggregation of the hemicelluloses suggests their occlusion within and between the crystalline domains of the celluloses. The authors propose that hemicelluloses may be primary moderators of the tertiary structure of cell wall celluloses, allowing the development of a wide range of properties. C1 INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL, ATLANTA, GA 30138 USA. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8130 EI 1879-0003 J9 INT J BIOL MACROMOL JI Int. J. Biol. Macromol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0141-8130(93)90007-9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA KW711 UT WOS:A1993KW71100007 PM 8485102 ER PT J AU WHITCOMB, RF TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HENEGAR, RB HACKETT, KJ CLARK, TB KONAI, M ADAMS, J WILLIAMSON, DL AF WHITCOMB, RF TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HENEGAR, RB HACKETT, KJ CLARK, TB KONAI, M ADAMS, J WILLIAMSON, DL TI SPIROPLASMA-MONOBIAE SP-NOV FROM THE VESPID WASP MONOBIA-QUADRIDENS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; MYCOPLASMAS; DEFORMATION; TAXONOMY; FLOWERS; DISEASE AB Spiroplasma strain MQ-1T (T = type strain) from the hemolymph of the vespid wasp Monobia quadridens differed serologically from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups. Cells of strain MQ-1T were helical and motile and possessed a single cytoplasmic membrane, with no evidence of a cell wall. The organism grew in conventional mycoplasma medium, in serum fraction, SM-1, MID, and SP-4 liquid media, and on SP-4 solid medium in either aerobic or anaerobic environments. The optimum temperature for growth was 32-degrees-C, but multiplication occurred over a wide temperature range (10 to 37-degrees-C). The doubling time at 32-degrees-C in M1D medium was 1.9 h. Strain MQ-1T catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. Previous work showed that strain MQ-1T has a unique methylase, previously known only in eucaryotes. Also, strain MQ-1T induces production of tumor necrosis factor in bone marrow macrophages. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 28 +/- 1 mol%. The genome size of strain MQ-1T was 940 kb (627 MDa); a similar strain, MQ-8, had a genome size of 985 kb (657 MDa). Strain MQ-1T and its allies have the smallest genomes known in the genus Spiroplasma. Strain MQ-1 (= ATCC 33825) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma monobiae. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. RP WHITCOMB, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700010 ER PT J AU WHITCOMB, RF VIGNAULT, JC TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HACKETT, KJ HENEGAR, RB KONAI, M WILLIAMSON, DL AF WHITCOMB, RF VIGNAULT, JC TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HACKETT, KJ HENEGAR, RB KONAI, M WILLIAMSON, DL TI SPIROPLASMA-CLARKII SP-NOV FROM THE GREEN JUNE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; TAXONOMY AB Spiroplasma strain CN-5T (T = type strain), isolated from the gut of the cetoniine scarabaeid beetle Cotinus nitida, was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups. Cells of strain CN-5T were shown by light microscopy to be helical, motile filaments. Cells in early passages exhibited strong translational motility that tended to be lost in later passages. Electron microscopy showed that the cells were bounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane with no evidence of a cell wall. The organism was not susceptible to penicillin. Strain CN-5T grew well in SM-1, M1D, and SP-4 liquid media and on solid SP4 medium under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The doubling time at 30-degrees-C, the optimum temperature, was 4.3 h. The strain also grew in 1% serum fraction medium. Strain CN-5T produced acid from glucose and catabolized arginine, but did not hydrolyze urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 29 +/- 1 mol%. The genome size was 1,770 kb (1,186 MDa). Other uncloned isolates obtained from C. nitida or the cetoniine hermit flower beetle Osmoderma eremicola exhibited similar or identical serological patterns. Since no other hosts were discovered in extensive studies, strain CN-5T (previously designated group IX) appears to represent a cluster of relatively host-specific cetoniine beetle-associated strains. Strain CN-5 (= ATCC 33827) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma clarkii. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP WHITCOMB, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700011 ER PT J AU HACKETT, KJ WHITCOMB, RF TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HENEGAR, RB CLARK, TB CLARK, EA KONAI, M ADAMS, JR WILLIAMSON, DL AF HACKETT, KJ WHITCOMB, RF TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HENEGAR, RB CLARK, TB CLARK, EA KONAI, M ADAMS, JR WILLIAMSON, DL TI SPIROPLASMA-INSOLITUM SP-NOV, A NEW SPECIES OF GROUP-I SPIROPLASMA WITH AN UNUSUAL DNA-BASE COMPOSITION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS; CLASSIFICATION; MYCOPLASMAS; DEFORMATION; METABOLISM; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; DISEASE AB Spiroplasma strain M55, isolated from a fall flower in Maryland, showed patterns of partial serological cross-reactivity with the other seven group I spiroplasma subgroups but was not serologically related to other spiroplasma groups. Strain M55 had less than 70% DNA-DNA homology with group I subgroups previously assigned binomial names and was unique among the group I subgroups in possessing a higher guanine-plus-cytosine content in its DNA (28 +/- 1 mol%, versus 26 +/- 1 mol% for other group I subgroups). The genome size was 1,850 kb (1,233 MDa). Extensive data on the metabolism of strain M55 and the community ecology of this and similar strains have been reported. These circumstances fulfill criteria proposed by the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes for elevation of mollicute subgroups to species status. Accordingly, strain M55 was characterized according to proposed minimal standards for species descriptions. Cells of strain M55 were shown by light microscopy to be helical, motile filaments. Electron microscopy showed that the cells possessed no cell wall and were bounded by a single membrane; they were insensitive to penicillin (1,000 U/ml). Strain M55 was culturable in MlD and SP-4 liquid media under aerobic (with or without enhanced carbon dioxide) or anaerobic environments. Optimal growth occurred at 30-degrees-C, with a doubling time of 7.2 h. Growth occurred from 15 to 37-degrees-C but not at 10 or 42-degrees-C. Strain M55 did not utilize urea or hydrolyze arginine but did produce acid from glucose. As a consequence of these studies, strain M55 is designated the type strain (M55T;ATCC 33502T) of a new species, Spiroplasma insolitum. C1 NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP HACKETT, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 272 EP 277 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700013 ER PT J AU GASPARICH, GE SAILLARD, C CLARK, EA KONAI, M FRENCH, FE TULLY, JG HACKETT, KJ WHITCOMB, RF AF GASPARICH, GE SAILLARD, C CLARK, EA KONAI, M FRENCH, FE TULLY, JG HACKETT, KJ WHITCOMB, RF TI SEROLOGIC AND GENOMIC RELATEDNESS OF GROUP-VIII AND GROUP-XVII SPIROPLASMAS AND SUBDIVISION OF SPIROPLASMA GROUP-VIII INTO SUBGROUPS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASS MOLLICUTES; GENUS; CLASSIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; TABANIDAE AB Spiroplasmas are currently classified in a group system. Criteria for separation of the twenty-four currently designated groups include serologic relatedness, polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of proteins, guanine-plus-cytosine base ratios, and, in some cases, DNA-DNA homology. The analysis of DNA-DNA homology and serologic data from a large array of strains recently discovered in dipteran insects reveals that group VIII strain EA-1 from a syrphid fly, strain TAAS-1 from a horse fly, and group XVII strain DF-1 from a deer fly belong to a large complex (supergroup) of strains with various degrees of interrelatedness. Strains DF-1 and EA-1 share DNA-DNA homology of 33 to 48% (high-stringency conditions), while strain TAAS-1 shares 42 to 67% homology with DF-I and EA-1. The strains had temperature optima of 30 to 37-degrees-C, but the temperature minima and maxima reflected the geographic region of strain origin. These three strains also share G+C values of about 30 mol%, utilize arginine, and tend to grow in culture to very high titers (10(11) cells per ml). The helical cells of these strains are smaller than those of other spiroplasmas and readily pass through filter pores of 220 nm. These data support the taxonomic placement of the biotypes represented by strains EA-1, DF-1, and TAAS-1 into one supergroup, group VIII, with subgroups designated as VIII-1, VIII-2, and VIII-3, respectively. It is proposed that group XVII remain vacant. C1 NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES CTR,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,CELLULAIRE & MOLEC BIOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. RP GASPARICH, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 338 EP 341 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700023 ER PT J AU ABALAINCOLLOC, ML WILLIAMSON, DL CARLE, P ABALAIN, JH BONNET, F TULLY, JG KONAI, M WHITCOMB, RF BOVE, JM CHASTEL, C AF ABALAINCOLLOC, ML WILLIAMSON, DL CARLE, P ABALAIN, JH BONNET, F TULLY, JG KONAI, M WHITCOMB, RF BOVE, JM CHASTEL, C TI DIVISION OF GROUP-XVI SPIROPLASMAS INTO SUBGROUPS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; FRANCE; GENUS; MOSQUITOS; DISEASE AB Some group XVI spiroplasmas, such as strains CC-1 (Spiroplasma cantharicola) and CB-1, are associated with cantharid beetles. Fifteen related but heterogeneous strains have been isolated from mosquitoes, other insects, and a flower in France and the United States. In the present study, these seventeen strains have been compared by deformation and metabolism inhibition serological tests, by one-dimensional protein sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by determination of the guanine-plus-cytosine content of their DNA. Five of the 17 strains were further compared by DNA-DNA hybridization and by restriction enzyme (EcoRI and HindIII) analysis of their DNA. On the basis of the resulting data, we propose that group XVI be subdivided into three subgroups. Subgroup XVI-I is represented by strain CC-1 (ATCC 43207) from a cantharid beetle in the United States, and strain MQ-6 from a wasp; subgroup XVI-2 is represented by strain CB-1 (ATCC 43208) from a cantharid beetle and two strains from mosquitoes, all in the United States; and subgroup XVI-3 is represented by strain Ar-1357 (ATCC 51126) and contains 11 strains from mosquitoes and 1 strain from a flower, all from the Savoy region of France. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT PROTECT,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FAC MED BREST,BIOCHIM LAB,F-29285 BREST,FRANCE. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES CTR,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP ABALAINCOLLOC, ML (reprint author), FAC MED BREST,BACTERIOL LAB,22 AVE CAMILLE DESMOULINS,F-29285 BREST,FRANCE. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 342 EP 346 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700024 ER PT J AU MENDONCAHAGLER, LC HAGLER, AN KURTZMAN, CP AF MENDONCAHAGLER, LC HAGLER, AN KURTZMAN, CP TI PHYLOGENY OF METSCHNIKOWIA SPECIES ESTIMATED FROM PARTIAL RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; YEASTS; NOV; IDENTIFICATION; SACCHAROMYCES; DIVERGENCE; 18S AB Phylogenetic relationships of species assigned to the genus Metschnikowia were estimated from the extents of divergence among partial sequences of rRNA. The data suggest that the aquatic species (Metschnikowia australis, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, Metschnikowia krissii, and Metschnikowia zobellii) and the terrestrial species (Metschnikowia hawaiiensis, Metschnikowia lunata, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Metschnikowia reukaufii) form two groups within the genus. M. lunata and M. hawaiiensis are well separated from other members of the genus, and M. hawaiiensis may be sufficiently divergent that it could be placed in a new genus. Species of the genus Metschnikowia are unique compared with other ascomycetous yeasts because they have a deletion in the large-subunit rRNA sequence that includes nucleotides 434 to 483. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP MENDONCAHAGLER, LC (reprint author), UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 368 EP 373 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700029 PM 8494745 ER PT J AU TULLY, JG BOVE, JM LAIGRET, F WHITCOMB, RF AF TULLY, JG BOVE, JM LAIGRET, F WHITCOMB, RF TI REVISED TAXONOMY OF THE CLASS MOLLICUTES - PROPOSED ELEVATION OF A MONOPHYLETIC CLUSTER OF ARTHROPOD-ASSOCIATED MOLLICUTES TO ORDINAL RANK (ENTOMOPLASMATALES ORD NOV), WITH PROVISION FOR FAMILIAL RANK TO SEPARATE SPECIES WITH NONHELICAL MORPHOLOGY (ENTOMOPLASMATACEAE FAM NOV) FROM HELICAL SPECIES (SPIROPLASMATACEAE), AND EMENDED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ORDER MYCOPLASMATALES, FAMILY MYCOPLASMATACEAE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID STEROL-REQUIRING MOLLICUTE; FIELD ELECTROPHORESIS; ACHOLEPLASMA; CLASSIFICATION; TRYPTOPHAN; DISEASE; PLANTS; GOATS; UGA AB On the basis of recent phylogenetic studies of 47 species within the class Mollicutes and recent molecular and physiologic findings that distinguish a new group of non-sterol-requiring insect and plant mollicutes from Achokplasma species, we propose a revised taxonomy of the class Mollicutes. Order I (Mycoplasmataks) is retained as described earlier (S. Razin and E. A. Freundt, p. 740-742, in N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt, ed., Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, 1984), with provision for a single family (Mycoplasmataceae) and two genera (Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma) for classification of sterol-requiring mollicutes primarily associated with vertebrates. Emended descriptions of the order and family for the above taxa are hereby included. Proposed order II (Entomoplasmatales ord. nov.) contains subtaxa for either nonhelical (Entomoplasmataceae fam. nov.) or helical (Spiroplasmataceae) mollicutes; the latter family is hereby transferred from the order Mycoplasmataks. The new order and family permit designation and classification of a monophyletic cluster of mollicute strains associated primarily with arthropods. It is proposed that nonhelical, sterol-requiring insect and plant mollicutes previously designated Mycoplasma ellychniae (Tully et al., 1989), Mycoplasma melaleucae (Tully et al., 1990), Mycoplasma somnilux (Williamson et al., 1990), Mycoplasma luminosum (Williamson et al., 19''), and Mycoplasma lucivorar (Williamson et al., 1990) be transferred to Entomoplasma gen. nov., family Entomoplasmataceae fam. nov., as Entomoplasma ellychniae comb. nov., Entomoplasma melaleucae comb. nov., Entomoplasma somnilux comb. nov, Entomoplasma luminosum comb. nov., and Entomoplasma lucivorar comb. nov. Furthermore, the genus Mesoplasma gen. nov. within the family Entomoplasmataceae fam. nov. is proposed for four non-sterol-requiring insect and plant mollicutes. This designation requires the transfer of Acholeplasma florum (McCoy et al., 1984), Achokplasma entomophilum (Tully et al., 1988), Acholeplasma seiffertii (Bonnet et al., 1991), and Mycoplasma lactucae (Rose et al., 1990) to Mesoplasma florum comb. nov., Mesoplasma entomophilum comb. nov., Mesoplasma seiffertii comb. nov., and Mesoplasma lactucae comb. nov., respectively. Previously established orders Achokplasmatales and Anaeroplasmatales within the class Mollicutes are designated orders III and IV, respectively, in the proposed revision. Classification and characteristics of lower taxa within these two orders remain as previously given. The proposal outlined here does not consider the large cluster of nonculturable, arthropod-associated, plant-pathogenic mollicutes (''mycoplasma-like organisms'') recently shown to be more closely related to members of the order Achokplasmataks. C1 INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TULLY, JG (reprint author), NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 54 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 378 EP 385 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700031 ER PT J AU MONTEFUSCO, A NAKAMURA, LK LABEDA, DP AF MONTEFUSCO, A NAKAMURA, LK LABEDA, DP TI BACILLUS-PEORIAE SP-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; CIRCULANS JORDAN 1890; BASE COMPOSITION; POLYMYXA; STRAINS AB The taxonomy of an apparently genetically distinct gas-producing group of Bacillus strains formerly classified as Bacillus polymyxa was studied. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis confirmed the distinctiveness of the unknown taxon. Low DNA relatedness values also demonstrated that the unknown was not closely related genetically to any of the presently recognized species that have guanine-plus-cytosine values of 45 to 47 mol% or produce gas by fermentation of sugars. The unknown group was also a phenotypically distinct taxon. The data suggest that the unknown group merits recognition as a new species, for which the name Bacillus peoriae is proposed. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NORMAL,IL 61761. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 388 EP 390 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700033 ER PT J AU HELM, RF RALPH, J AF HELM, RF RALPH, J TI LIGNIN HYDROXYCINNAMYL MODEL COMPOUNDS RELATED TO FORAGE CELL-WALL STRUCTURE .2. ESTER-LINKED STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADRENAL TUMOR-CELLS; BETA-GUAIACYL ETHER; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NMR; REDUCTION; LINKAGE; THREO; ACTH AB Model compounds which depict p-coumarate and ferulate attachment at the alpha- and gamma-positions and at the phenolic position of the beta-0-4 interunit linkage of lignin have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The alpha-ester trimers were prepared by nucleophilic attack of ferulic and p-coumaric acids on the quinone methide generated from guaiacylglycerol beta-guaiacyl ether under slightly basic conditions. The gamma-esters were prepared via 4-acetoxycinnamoylation of 1-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propanone. Reduction with zinc borohydride was selective for the erythro diacetates, and the threo isomers were obtained by nonselective reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. Deacetylation with piperidine provided the unprotected gamma-trimers. The phenolate esters were synthesized from the acetates of purified threo- and erythro-1-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane. Debenzylation and 4-acetoxycinnamoylation afforded the peracetylated hydroxycinnamate phenolic esters of guaiacylglycerol beta-guaiacyl ether. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HELM, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 570 EP 576 DI 10.1021/jf00028a013 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY528 UT WOS:A1993KY52800013 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV DUKE, SO TI PREDICTION OF RP-HPLC LOG-P FROM SEMIEMPIRICAL MOLECULAR-PROPERTIES OF DIPHENYL ETHER AND PHENOPYLATE HERBICIDES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL MEDIA; SURFACE-AREA; PARAMETERS; POLYMERS AB The relationships between octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) estimated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and various bulk and electronic properties, calculated by molecular and quantum mechanics methods, of diphenyl ether (DPE) and phenopylate herbicides were examined. The three molecular parameters, van der Waals volume, dipole moment, and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, together accounted for 78-83 % of the variation in the log P data. On the average, the predicted values using regression equations deviated from the observed values by only O.13 and O.19 log unit in DPE and phenopylate classes, respectively. The same three molecular parameters appeared in the model when the structures of two classes of herbicides were included in the regression analysis. This research suggests that one can successfully predict the RP-HPLC partition coefficients from the semiempirical molecular properties calculated from molecular and quantum mechanical techniques. In addition, the RP-HPLC estimated log P values and those calculated from the fragment additivity method using the CLOGP computer program were highly correlated (r = 0.91). C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. DELTA STATE UNIV,CTR ALLUVIAL PLAINS STUDIES,CLEVELAND,MS 38733. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1021/jf00028a015 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY528 UT WOS:A1993KY52800015 ER PT J AU STEINHEIMER, TR AF STEINHEIMER, TR TI HPLC DETERMINATION OF ATRAZINE AND PRINCIPAL DEGRADATES IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND ASSOCIATED SURFACE AND GROUND-WATER SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; S-TRIAZINES; EXTRACTION; PRODUCTS; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES AB A method for the quantitative estimation of atrazine and its principal degradation products in agricultural soils and associated surface and ground water is described. Bonded-phase extraction through cyclohexyl cartridges is used to isolate two principal degradates of atrazine from both surface and ground water samples. Soil is first extracted with organic-free water followed by dilute hydrochloric acid under heated conditions in a microwave extraction system. Reversed-phase HPLC employing an acetonitrile-water gradient is used for separation of analytes on a stabilized C18 analytical column. Analytes are detected by monitoring multiple wavelengths using a photodiode array detector. Identification is by retention time and molecular absorption spectra matching against reference standards. Terbuthylazine serves as a surrogate analyte. Method validation involved determination of percentage recovery for all analytes from fortified soil material and from spiked water. Amendment levels ranged from 0.10 to 10.0 mug/L for water and from 100 to 10 000 mug/kg for soils. Nominal limit of detection is 0.4 mug/kL for water and 40 mug/kg for soils. RP STEINHEIMER, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 35 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1021/jf00028a016 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY528 UT WOS:A1993KY52800016 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW AF HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW TI STERILIZING BOLL-WEEVILS WITH 9 FRACTIONATED-IRRADIATION DOSES - SELECTING AN OPTIMUM TOTAL TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BOLL WEEVIL; IRRADIATION; FRACTIONATED DOSE; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE AB Male boll weevils Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, irradiated as pupae, can be effectively sterilized with nine equal doses over 3 d totaling 48 or 50 gray (Gy) of gamma irradiation. Mortality was low 5 d after treatment and moderate to high 10 d after treatment. When female boll weevils, irradiated as pupae, received nine equal doses totaling 43-80 Gy, they were totally sterilized throughout the test. At 43 Gy female mortality was low 10 d after treatment. The egg hatch and adult emergence data were substantiated by examination of the reproductive organs at the end of the test. RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA KZ587 UT WOS:A1993KZ58700002 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW AF HAYNES, JW TI FRACTIONATED-IRRADIATION REGIMENS FOR STERILIZING BOLL-WEEVILS USING CESIUM-137 - SELECTING AN OPTIMUM NUMBER OF TREATMENTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FRACTIONATED IRRADIATION; BOLL WEEVILS; STERILITY; CESIUM-137; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE AB By approximating methods employed in large-scale operations, boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were treated for 3 d with 3-24 fractionated doses of gamma irradiation totaling 46 or 48 gray (Gy) rather than the standard 25 doses totaling 62.5 Gy. Comparisons were made between treatments to determine mortality, fecundity, egg hatch, and F1 adult emergence. Reproductive organs were examined to confirm sterility. A treatment exposing weevils to a nine-fractionated dose treatment totaling 48 Gy represented an improvement over the standard 25 fractionated dose treatment totaling 62.5 Gy because of increased sterility and decreased mortality. Sterile weevils were produced with only ca. one-third as many doses in a shorter time. RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA KZ587 UT WOS:A1993KZ58700003 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR AF CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR TI EFFECTIVE USE OF CHEMIGATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGING SOYBEAN INSECT PESTS, WITH NOTES ON GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES (SAY) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHEMIGATION; VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; SOYBEAN; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; HETEROPTERA; LYGAEIDAE; THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER ID COTTON FIELDS; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; NOCTUIDAE; REDUCTION; CROPS; CORN AB Field studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of chemigation as a management tool for soybean insects. Applications of chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E), cypermethrin (Ammo 2.5), esfenvalerate (Asana .66 XL), and thiodicarb (Larvin 3.2) significantly reduced populations of velvetbean caterpillar, Antirarsia gemmatalis Hubner, 48 h after treatment in all tests. All chemigated insecticides performed at least as well as chlorpyrifos applied with a high clearance sprayer. Esfenvalerate consistently reduced larval populations by >97%. Thiodicarb and esfenvalerate were the only chemigated insecticides that provided >90% velvetbean caterpillar reduction 7 d after treatment in all tests. Management of the threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), using chemigation was sporadic in each test, with no one insecticide treatment providing consistent population reduction. Plots chemigated with methomyl (Lannate 1.8L) and thiodicarb to manage velvetbean caterpillar populations appeared to offer favorable habitat for the lygaeid predator Geocoris punctipes (Say). Thiodicarb offers growers an effective management tool for the velvetbean caterpillar while not adversely impacting G. punctipes populations. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA KZ587 UT WOS:A1993KZ58700007 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR MOSCA, G BONA, S AF SINCLAIR, TR MOSCA, G BONA, S TI SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF VARIATION AMONG SEASONS IN WINTER-WHEAT YIELDS IN NORTHERN ITALY SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE WINTER WHEAT; MODEL; YIELD; DECREASING NITROGEN AND TILLAGE AB Winter wheat growth and yield was observed in two sets of field experiments performed at the Experimental Farm of Padova University in Legnaro, over seven years beginning in 1981. A spring wheat model in which leaf area development was calculated as a function of temperature and biomass accumulation was utilized. The final number of leaves in each season was calculated based on a previous winter wheat model and the biomass accumulation was decreased when average daily temperature was below 10-degrees-C. In addition to the two modifications described above, the soil/crop nitrogen submodels were modified so that denitrification was a function of temperature and plant nitrogen uptake rate was sensitive to variations in daily temperature. Nitrogen leached below 60 cm was assumed to be no longer available to the winter wheat crop. The winter wheat model with the soil/crop nitrogen budged resulted in good agreement between the simulated and observed yields (less than 14 % difference existed in 12 of 14 environments). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.74) existed between the simulated yields and the simulated amount of nitrogen leached out of the root zone. Under the conditions of nothern Italy, retention of root zone nitrogen appears to be particularly important in achieving high winter wheat yields. C1 UNIV PADUA,IST AGRON GEN & COLTIVAZ ERBACEE,I-35100 PADUA,ITALY. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,PHYSIOL LAB,IFAS BLDG 164,POB 110840,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD APR PY 1993 VL 170 IS 3 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1993.tb01076.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LA306 UT WOS:A1993LA30600008 ER PT J AU HARRIS, KB CROSS, HR POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ AF HARRIS, KB CROSS, HR POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ TI EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT AND CHOLESTEROL LEVEL ON TISSUE CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS OF GROWING PIGS SELECTED FOR HIGH OR LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; GENOTYPE NUTRITION INTERACTION; PIGS AB Thirty-six female pigs selected for three generations for high or low serum cholesterol were chosen to evaluate the effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet provided on an ad libitum basis for 92 d beginning at 12 wk of age on the cholesterol content and percentage of fat in muscle and organ tissues. The pigs were four-way crosses (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire). Samples of cerebrum, heart, ileum, kidney, liver, longissimus muscle, semitendinosus muscle, and subcutaneous fat were collected from each animal for determination of cholesterol concentration. The liver was the only tissue that had a significant difference in cholesterol content and in fat percentage between the genetic groups (high serum cholesterol and low serum cholesterol) and between the two diets (high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and low-fat, low-cholesterol diet). There were no interactions between diet and genetic background on cholesterol accretion or on the percentage of fat in the tissues. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HARRIS, KB (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 807 EP 810 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU705 UT WOS:A1993KU70500001 PM 8478281 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD BOLDMAN, KG AF VANVLECK, LD BOLDMAN, KG TI SEQUENTIAL TRANSFORMATION FOR MULTIPLE TRAITS FOR ESTIMATION OF (CO)VARIANCE COMPONENTS WITH A DERIVATIVE-FREE ALGORITHM FOR RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MULTIPLE TRAIT ANALYSIS; COVARIANCE ESTIMATION; TRANSFORMATION; RESTRICTED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ID NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; BREEDING VALUES; ANIMAL-MODELS; MIXED MODEL; PREDICTION; POPULATIONS; INVERSE AB Transformation of multiple-trait records that undergo sequential selection can be used with derivative-free algorithms to maximize the restricted likelihood in estimation of covariance matrices as with derivative methods. Data transformation with appropriate parts of the Choleski decomposition of the current estimate of the residual covariance matrix results in mixed-model equations that are easily modified from round to round for calculation of the logarithm of the likelihood. The residual sum of squares is the same for transformed and untransformed analyses. Most importantly, the logarithm of the determinant of the untransformed coefficient matrix is an easily determined function of the Choleski decomposition of the residual covariance matrix and the determinant of the transformed coefficient matrix. Thus, the logarithm of the likelihood for any combination of covariance matrices can be determined from the transformed equations. Advantages of transformation are 1) the multiple-trait mixed-model equations are easy to set up, 2) the least squares part of the equations does not change from round to round, 3) right-hand sides change from round to round by constant multipliers, and 4) less memory is required. An example showed only a slight advantage of the transformation compared with no transformation in terms of solution time for each round (1 to 5%). C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 836 EP 844 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU705 UT WOS:A1993KU70500005 PM 8478285 ER PT J AU MARIA, GA BOLDMAN, KG VANVLECK, LD AF MARIA, GA BOLDMAN, KG VANVLECK, LD TI ESTIMATES OF VARIANCES DUE TO DIRECT AND MATERNAL EFFECTS FOR GROWTH TRAITS OF ROMANOV SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; ROMANOV; SPAIN; GROWTH TRAITS; VARIANCE COMPONENTS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; COMPONENTS; PERFORMANCE; BREEDS; MODELS; DMAN AB Records of growth traits of 2,086 Romanov lambs were used to estimate variance components for an animal model and genetic correlations between growth traits. Traits analyzed were birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WW), 90-d weight (W90), and daily gain for the periods birth to weaning (DG1) and weaning to 90 d (DG2). Weaning was at approximately 40 d. Variance components were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood with an animal model including fixed effects for year x season, sex, rearing type, and litter size and random effects for the direct genetic effect of the animal (with relative variance h2), the maternal genetic effect (with relative variance m2), the permanent environmental effect (with relative variance c2), and random residual effect. Genetic correlations were estimated for a model with the same fixed effects and only additive genetic effects. Estimates of the variances of random effects, h2, m2, and c2, respectively, as a proportion of phenotypic variance were .04, .22, .10 (BWT); .34, .25, .0 (WW); .09, .01, .07 (W90); .26, .17, .02 (DG1); and .15, .01, .03 (DG2). Estimates of genetic correlations were .12 (BWT with WW); .24 (BWT with W90); .48 (WW with W90); .69 (DG1 with DG2); -.01 (BWT with DG1); .05 (BWT with DG2);.59 (WW with DG1);.47 (WW with DG2);.67 (W90 with DG1); and .98 (W90 with DG2). Results suggest that selection should be effective for WW, DG1, and DG2 but less effective for BWT and W90. An important maternal effect was observed for BWT, WW, and DG1. The estimates of genetic correlations showed no genetic antagonisms among the traits. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 27 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 845 EP 849 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU705 UT WOS:A1993KU70500006 PM 8478286 ER PT J AU LEYMASTER, KA JENKINS, TG AF LEYMASTER, KA JENKINS, TG TI COMPARISON OF TEXEL-SIRED AND SUFFOLK-SIRED CROSSBRED LAMBS FOR SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; SUFFOLK; TEXEL; GROWTH TRAITS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; LAMB SURVIVAL ID SUBCUTANEOUS FAT PROPORTION; PURE BREEDS; COMPONENTS; LINES; SHEEP AB Texel sheep were imported from Finland and Denmark for evaluation as a terminal sire population relative to the Suffolk breed. The objective was to estimate effects of sire breed on fitness, growth, and compositional traits of crossbred progeny that were serially slaughtered at 63, 105, 147, and 189 d of age. A total of 325 lambs, sired by 19 Texel and 20 Suffolk rams, were born to mature, half-Finnsheep ewes during a 2-yr period. Carcass traits were recorded on 183 lambs. Texel-sired lambs had greater survival to weaning (P = .06) and similar birth and weaning weights compared with Suffolk progeny. Lambs by Texel sires grew 11% less rapidly from 63 to 189 d of age. Estimated accretion rates of carcass fatal 189 d of age were 96.1 and 78.5 g/d for Suffolk and Texel progeny, respectively. Corresponding values for carcass protein were 17.4 and 16.0 g/d. At fixed ages, area of the longissimus muscle did not differ between sire breeds. Texel progeny weighed less at 189 d of age, producing lighter, leaner carcasses of shorter length (P < .05). Compositional differences were not detected when sire breeds were compared at 25 kg of carcass weight. However, Texel progeny had significantly greater depth of fat at the 12th rib and weight of kidney-pelvic fat. Data indicated that Texel-sired lambs deposited proportionally more subcutaneous and less intermuscular fat than did lambs by Suffolk sires. Due to the apparent advantage in lamb survival and the observation that Texel progeny produce lean carcasses relative to the intermediate growth rate and mature size characteristic of the breed, it is concluded that Texel sheep can be used effectively as a terminal sire breed. RP LEYMASTER, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 23 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 859 EP 869 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU705 UT WOS:A1993KU70500008 PM 8478288 ER PT J AU CAPERNA, TJ STEELE, NC EVOCKCLOVER, CM BROCHT, D MCMURTRY, JP ROSEBROUGH, RW AF CAPERNA, TJ STEELE, NC EVOCKCLOVER, CM BROCHT, D MCMURTRY, JP ROSEBROUGH, RW TI ACUTE EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATION OF PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE ON CIRCULATING LEVELS OF HORMONES AND METABOLITES IN 20-KILOGRAM, 40-KILOGRAM, AND 60-KILOGRAM GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; UREA; FATTY ACIDS ID GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWING-PIGS; PERFORMANCE; SOMATOTROPIN; PITUITARY; INSULIN; TISSUE; SECRETION; PROTEIN AB Three groups of eight gilts weighing 20, 40, or 60 kg were fitted with indwelling venous catheters to determine daily integrated circulating levels (DICL, serum concentration above baseline x time) of insulin, growth hormone (GH), glucagon, glucose, urea, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in response to acute challenge with porcine pituitary GH (pGH). Pigs were fed a common diet containing 18% CP and 3.5 Mcal of DE/kg between 0800 and 1200 (85% of ad libitum). Blood and urine were collected at 2- or 4-h intervals for 4 d. On d 2, 3, and 4, four pigs in each group were injected i.m. at 0800 with pGH (.1 mg/kg) and four pigs (controls) were injected with buffer. In control pigs DICL of GH was 20.4, 14.1, and 10.2 ng pGH-h-mL-1 in 20-, 40-, and 60-kg pigs, respectively. The DICL of GH in pGH-treated pigs was 4.2-, 7.0-, and 10.7-fold greater in 20-, 40-, and 60-kg pigs, respectively, than in controls. The DICL of insulin in control pigs was 7.9, 9.7, and 9.4 ng.h.mL.1 and was increased (P < .001) in pGH-treated pigs by 118, 213, and 276% in 20-, 40-, and 60-kg pigs, respectively. Although serum levels of glucose were increased (P < .001) by pGH treatment, the acute elevation observed in 60-kg pigs was more consistent relative to 20- and 40-kg pigs. In contrast, the acute reduction in blood urea upon pGH injection was more apparent in 20-kg gilts. Urea excretion was also reduced (P < .002) in PGH-treated compared with control gilts, whereas creatinine excretion was influenced by weight (P < .001) and not by pGH treatment (P < .74). Circulating levels of NEFA were influenced by pGH treatment, but only apparently in 60-kg pigs. Data suggest that administration of pGH alters amino acid metabolism in pigs greater-than-or-equal-to 20 kg, but direct acute effects on lipid metabolism may be limited to larger pigs, which are exposed to a greater effective concentration of injected hormone relative to baseline control levels of circulating GH. RP CAPERNA, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 897 EP 905 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU705 UT WOS:A1993KU70500012 PM 8478292 ER PT J AU KLEMCKE, HG LUNSTRA, DD BROWNBORG, HM BORG, KE CHRISTENSON, RK AF KLEMCKE, HG LUNSTRA, DD BROWNBORG, HM BORG, KE CHRISTENSON, RK TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT AND INCREASED ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN NEONATAL PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; ADRENAL CORTEX; HYDROCORTISONE; NEONATAL, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH ID FETAL GROWTH; RAT; SWINE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; CORTICOSTEROIDS; DEXAMETHASONE; PARTURITION; MATURATION; INDUCTION; MORTALITY AB This study examined differences in adrenocortical function between low- and high-birth-weight female neonatal pigs. Pigs born to unilaterally hysterectomized, ovariectomized sows were grouped by birth weight; ''small'' were less-than-or-equal-to 1.2 kg and ''large'' were > 1.2 kg. Pigs were cross-fostered such that each sow had six to eight pigs that were either small or large. At 3 or 7 d of age a blood sample was obtained by venipuncture, pigs were killed, and adrenocortical cells were isolated. Adrenal weights (milligrams/kilogram BW) in small pigs were 46% greater (P = .001) than those in large pigs at both ages. Compared with those in large pigs, plasma cortisol concentrations were 70% greater (P = .006) in small pigs at 3 d and 199% greater at 7 d of age. Sensitivity of adrenocortical cell response to ACTH was enhanced at both ages in small pigs (P = .001). Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity in small pigs was 75% greater (P = .03) than that in large pigs at 3 d and 26% greater at 7 d of age. Significant negative correlations existed between birth weight and relative adrenal weight, plasma cortisol, slopes of in vitro adrenocortical cell response curves to ACTH, and CBG binding capacity, irrespective of birth weight group classification. Such data indicate an association between adrenal function during early neonatal life and birth weight in female pigs. The current study does not indicate whether increased adrenal function causes or merely reflects conditions associated with low birth weight. However, we hypothesize that increased adrenal function is initiated prenatally and causes some instances of low birth weight. RP KLEMCKE, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1018 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU705 UT WOS:A1993KU70500027 PM 8386714 ER PT J AU CALAZEL, CM YOUNG, VR EVANS, WJ ROBERTS, SB AF CALAZEL, CM YOUNG, VR EVANS, WJ ROBERTS, SB TI EFFECT OF FASTING AND FEEDING ON MEASUREMENT OF CARBON-DIOXIDE PRODUCTION USING DOUBLY LABELED WATER SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE ID METABOLIZABLE ENERGY-INTAKE; TOTAL-BODY WATER; (H2O)-H-2-O-18 METHOD; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; EXPENDITURE; HUMANS; VALIDATION; INFANTS; RESPIROMETRY AB The doubly labeled water method is a noninvasive technique for measurement of rates of CO2 production and total energy expenditure in free-living human subjects. The experimental protocol used in validation studies usually involves prolonged fasting before and after the isotope dose is given to start the study, although it is not clear whether this intrusive aspect of the method is necessary. We investigated this issue in four healthy adults [3 women and 1 man: age 29 +/- 2 (SD) yr, body mass index 22 +/- 2.7 kg.m2] with monitored constant physical activity who underwent two doubly labeled water studies that differed only in the duration of fasting before and after isotope dosing (either 6 h of fasting before and 5 h after dosing or 0.5 h before and 3 h afterward). No significant difference between the two measurements was found in the rate constants for isotope disappearance, the ratio of the dilution spaces of the isotopes, or CO2 production rate. These results indicate that prolonged fasting before and after isotope administration should not be necessary in doubly labeled water studies. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. SHRINERS BURNS INST,BOSTON,MA 02114. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-07388] NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1824 EP 1829 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA KZ594 UT WOS:A1993KZ59400050 PM 8390442 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, JC NORTON, BE AF CHAMBERS, JC NORTON, BE TI EFFECTS OF GRAZING AND DROUGHT ON POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF SALT DESERT SHRUB SPECIES ON THE DESERT EXPERIMENTAL RANGE, UTAH SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP CHAMBERS, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 261 EP 275 DI 10.1006/jare.1993.1023 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LC868 UT WOS:A1993LC86800004 ER PT J AU PETERS, AJ REED, BC EVE, MD HAVSTAD, KM AF PETERS, AJ REED, BC EVE, MD HAVSTAD, KM TI SATELLITE ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT IMPACT ON NATIVE PLANT-COMMUNITIES OF SOUTHEASTERN NEW-MEXICO, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID NOAA AVHRR DATA; INDEXES; SAHEL C1 USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP PETERS, AJ (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,CAMPUS BOX MAP,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 305 EP 319 DI 10.1006/jare.1993.1027 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LC868 UT WOS:A1993LC86800008 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, TW JIANG, XL BURKHOLDER, WE PHILLIPS, JK TRAN, HQ AF PHILLIPS, TW JIANG, XL BURKHOLDER, WE PHILLIPS, JK TRAN, HQ TI BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES TO FOOD VOLATILES BY 2 SPECIES OF STORED-PRODUCT COLEOPTERA, SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE (CURCULIONIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (TENEBRIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; STORED GRAIN; SYNERGISM; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; RICE WEEVIL; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; RED FLOUR BEETLE; BIOASSAY; SITOPHINONE; 4,8-DIMETHYLDECANA ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; FUNGAL VOLATILES; CABBAGE-LOOPER; SURINAMENSIS L; FLOUR BEETLES; WEEVIL; HOST; ATTRACTANTS; CUCUJIDAE AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavioral activity of grain-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists for Sitophilus oryzae, an internal-feeding pest of sound grain, and Tribolium castaneum, an external-feeding pest of damaged grains and flour. Behavioral studies with two-choice pitfall bioassays determined that the fresh grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin were attractive to S. oryzae at various doses, but T. castaneum were not attracted to any dose of any of these three compounds. When oils from pressed grains were bioassayed, sesame oil was significantly repellent and oat and wheat germ oils were attractive to S. oryzae. However, rice, soybean, oat, wheat germ, and com oils were all attractive to T. castaneum. A commercial food product composed primarily of soybean oil and wheat germ was highly attractive to T. castaneum, but elicited no response from S. oryzae. A combination of the three grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin with the synthetic pheromone sitophinone was more attractive to S. oryzae than either the pheromone alone or the tripartite grain volatile mix. Similarly, a combination of the commercial food product with the pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal was more attractive to T. castaneum than either food alone or pheromone alone. Behavioral responses to grain volatiles may reflect the ecological niche of the granivore: S. oryzae colonizes sound grain and is attracted to volatiles characteristic of fresh grain, while T. castaneum utilizes damaged or deteriorated grains and responds best to oils characteristic of damaged or fungus-infested grain. Synergism of food odors and pheromones suggests that more effective traps can be devised for management of these pest insects. RP PHILLIPS, TW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECT RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 26 TC 66 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 23 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 723 EP 734 DI 10.1007/BF00985004 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA305 UT WOS:A1993LA30500010 PM 24249013 ER PT J AU KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M AF KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M TI SEX-PHEROMONE CATABOLISM IN THE REDBANDED LEAFROLLER MOTH SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; ARGYROTAENIA-VELUTINANA; TRITIATED PHEROMONE; 11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; SENSORY BIOCHEMISTRY; CATABOLISM ID ANTENNAE; PROTEINS AB Tritium-labeled components of the red-banded leaf-roller female sex pheromone, (Z)- and (E)-[11,12-H-3(2)]-11-tetradecenyl acetate (57 Ci/mmol), applied to antennae of males and females were degraded causing formation of tritiated 11-tetradecenol, 11-tetradecenoic acid, and water. Results indicate that the catabolic pathway involves acetate hydrolysis, oxidation of alcohol to fatty acid, and degradation of the acid via beta-oxidation. Both geometric isomers were degraded equally well by males but degradation proceeded comparatively less rapidly with female antennae. It is surmised that under natural conditions of olfactory sensing, sex pheromone impinging upon the moth's antennae is probably subject to a similar catabolic fate. RP KLUN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1007/BF00985006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA305 UT WOS:A1993LA30500012 PM 24249015 ER PT J AU WOOD, WF FISHER, CO GRAHAM, GA AF WOOD, WF FISHER, CO GRAHAM, GA TI VOLATILE COMPONENTS IN DEFENSIVE SPRAY OF THE HOG-NOSED SKUNK, CONEPATUS-MESOLEUCUS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSTELIDAE; CONEPATUS-MESOLEUCUS; HOG-NOSED SKUNK; ANAL SAC SECRETION; (E)-2-BUTENE-1-THIOL; (E)-S-2-BUTENYL THIOACETATE; PHENYLMETHANETHIOL; 2-METHYLQUINOLINE; 2-QUINOLINEMETHANETHIOL; BIS[(E)-2-BUTENYL] DISULFIDE AB GC-MS analysis of the anal sac secretion from the hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus mesoleucus, showed two major volatile components, (E)-2-butene-1-thiol and (E)-S-2-butenyl thioacetate. Minor volatile components identified from this secretion were phenylmethanethiol, 2-methylquinoline, 2-quinolinemethanethiol, and bis[(E)-2-butenyl] disulfide. 3-Methyl-1-butanethiol, a major component in the defensive spray of the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, and the spotted skunk, Spilogale putorius, was absent from this secretion. C1 USDA,APHIS,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP WOOD, WF (reprint author), HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. OI Wood, William/0000-0002-2991-0054 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 837 EP 841 DI 10.1007/BF00985013 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA305 UT WOS:A1993LA30500019 PM 24249022 ER PT J AU AKERS, RP PREISLER, HK WOOD, DL AF AKERS, RP PREISLER, HK WOOD, DL TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COMPONENTS OF THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE DURING CHEMOTAXIS BY THE BARK BEETLE IPS-PARACONFUSUS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OLFACTION; IPSENOL; IPSDIENOL; CIS-VERBENOL; CHEMOTAXIS; PERCEPTION; DISCRIMINATION; NEURAL MODELS; LOGIT MODELS; STIMULUS RESPONSE MODELS; IPS-PARACONFUSUS; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE ID OLFACTORY ORIENTATION RESPONSES; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; PINI; SENSITIVITY; ATTRACTION; ANTENNAE; ASSAY AB The male-produced aggregation pheromone in Ips paraconfusus is composed of three compounds. Female bark beetles were exposed to combinations of these compounds, presented as point sources in an enclosed, circular arena. By itself, cis-verbenol (cV) had no effect on the number of beetles that reached the source. Either ipsenol (Ip) alone or ipsdienol (Id) alone strongly increased the number that reached the source, with Id producing a dose-response curve with a much steeper slope. cV moved the onset of the response to Id to higher doses of Id, but the response rose more rapidly after onset than when cV was absent. Overall, cV inhibited the effect of Id except at the highest dose. cV affected the onset of the response to Ip little or none, but strongly increased the slope of the response, synergizing the effect of Ip. The responses to combinations of Id and Ip were related to the log of a linear combination of their doses. The results are consistent with a model where Id and Ip act at a single site of action, but with different potencies, while cV appears to modify the effects of Id and Ip, rather than affecting the site of action directly. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENTOMOL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW EXPT STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 863 EP 879 DI 10.1007/BF00985016 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA305 UT WOS:A1993LA30500022 PM 24249025 ER PT J AU FERLAND, G SADOWSKI, JA OBRIEN, ME AF FERLAND, G SADOWSKI, JA OBRIEN, ME TI DIETARY INDUCED SUBCLINICAL VITAMIN-K DEFICIENCY IN NORMAL HUMAN-SUBJECTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE BLOOD COAGULATION; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; DESCARBOXY PROTHROMBIN; VITAMIN-K; VITAMIN-K DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN-K-DEPENDENT PROTEINS ID GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEPENDENT PROTEINS; GLA-PROTEIN; PLASMA; CARBOXYLASE; ASSAY; CELLS; BONE AB A subclinical vitamin K deficiency was induced in 32 healthy subjects (four groups of eight males and females) aged 20-40 and 60-80 yr residing in the Metabolic Research Unit of the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. Volunteers were initially fed (4 d) a baseline-period diet containing the recommended daily allowance for vitamin K which is equivalent to 80 mug/d of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). During the baseline period various parameters of vitamin K nutritional status were monitored. The baseline period was followed by a 13-d depletion period during which the subjects were fed a very low vitamin K1 diet (approximately 10 mug/d). After depletion, the subjects entered a 16-d repletion period (four stages lasting 4 d each) during which time they were repleted with 5, 15, 25, and 45 mug of vitamin K1 per day. Vitamin K1 depletion dramatically and significantly decreased plasma vitamin K1 levels (P < 0.0001) in both elderly and young groups to values 13-18% of day 1 (elderly 0.22 nM, young 0.14 nM). Repleting the subjects with up to 45 mug of vitamin K1 per day failed, in the case of the young subjects, to bring plasma vitamin K1 levels back into the normal range. Dietary vitamin K1 restriction induced different responses in the urinary excretion of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid between the young and the elderly subjects with values decreasing significantly (P < 0.03) in the young while remaining unchanged in the elderly. The vitamin K, depletion period had no significant effect on either prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, or Factor VII and protein C (as determined by antigenic and functional assays). By using a monoclonal antibody, descarboxy prothrombin was found to increase slightly but significantly in both groups (P < 0.05) as a consequence of the low vitamin K1 diet. This study clearly shows that a diet low in vitamin K1 can result in a functional subclinical deficiency of vitamin K (decreased urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid excretion) without affecting blood coagulation. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 35 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1761 EP 1768 DI 10.1172/JCI116386 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KY052 UT WOS:A1993KY05200065 PM 8473516 ER PT J AU JAWORSKI, MD WARD, ACS HUNTER, DL WESLEY, IV AF JAWORSKI, MD WARD, ACS HUNTER, DL WESLEY, IV TI USE OF DNA ANALYSIS OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA BIOTYPE-T ISOLATES TO MONITOR TRANSMISSION IN BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPES; BOVINE; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; CATTLE; STRAIN AB Pneumonia has been identified as a major cause of poor lamb survival in indigenous herds of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in central Idaho. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from five adult Rocky Mountain bighorn ewes captured from a free-ranging herd in central Idaho. The lambs from two of these ewes delivered by cesarean section were free of P. haemolytica until 40 days of age and after repeated contact with their dams. The lambs subsequently developed signs of pneumonia, and P. haemolytica was isolated from nasal, pharyngeal, and transtracheal wash samples from each lamb. All P. haemolytica biotype T isolates from the ewes and lambs, as well as those from a 9-month-old lamb of the same herd from which samples for culture were obtained 2 years earlier, were subjected to HaeIII restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and ribotyping. Two ribotypes and seven REA patterns were visually distinguishable by these procedures. Similarity coefficients (S(AB)) of 0.09 to 0.95 were calculated for the seven REA patterns. The REA patterns of the isolates from the lambs were identical (S(AB) = 1.0). The isolates from the lambs also had S(AB) values of 1.0, which was indicative of identity with one of the seven isolates cultured from the ewes at the time of capture and with the organism isolated from the 9-month-old lamb. These procedures have the discriminatory capabilities necessary to monitor the transmission of specific strains of bacteria within and between animal populations. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL AGR,CAINE VET TEACHING & RES CTR,DEPT ANIM & VET SCI,1020 E HOMEDALE RD,CALDWELL,ID 83605. IDAHO DEPT FISH & GAME,CALDWELL,ID 83605. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 831 EP 835 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500013 PM 8385150 ER PT J AU RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR KATZ, J AF RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR KATZ, J TI COMPARISON OF NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION AND NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION USING CONSERVED SEQUENCES FROM THE 5' NONCODING REGION FOR DETECTION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUCOSAL DISEASE; CELL-CULTURES; FETAL SERUM; CONTAMINATION; ANTIBODIES; CATTLE AB Primers and probes derived from conserved sequences located in the 5' noncoding region of pestiviruses were evaluated for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus. With these reagents, hybridization and polymerase chain reaction tests detected 62 of 90 and 90 of 90 bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates, respectively. A quick lysis method for preparing RNA for use in polymerase chain reaction amplification also was evaluated. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP RIDPATH, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 986 EP 989 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500041 PM 8385157 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM TI 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR MODELING OF BOVINE CASEINS - AN ENERGY-MINIMIZED BETA-CASEIN STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; MILK PROTEINS ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; MICELLES; MILK; ALPHA-S1-CASEIN; CONFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; PEPTIDES; TURNS AB To obtain a molecular basis for the similarities and dissimilarities in the functional, chemical, and biochemical properties between beta-casein and the other caseins, a predicted three-dimensional model is presented. The predicted structure was assembled using molecular modeling techniques, as well as secondary structural prediction algorithms, in conjunction with global secondary structural information from Raman spectroscopy. To add validity to this model, the structure was refined using energy minimization techniques to diminish the likelihood of structural overlaps and energetically unfavorable van der Waals contacts arising from the large number of proline residues present in the beta-casein sequence. The refined model overall showed a loosely packed, asymmetrical structure with an axial ratio of 2:1. Hydrophobic side chains were uniformly dispersed over one end (C terminal) and the center surface of the structure; the other end (N terminal) was hydrophilic. The hydrophobic section also possessed a large loop through which water could easily travel. Such a suprasurfactant structure could account for the micellar type of hydrophobically driven self-association exhibited by beta-casein. Other chemical and biochemical data are in good agreement with the refined structure. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 40 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 931 EP 945 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77420-2 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KX473 UT WOS:A1993KX47300004 PM 8486844 ER PT J AU DROKE, EA PAAPE, MJ DICARLO, AL AF DROKE, EA PAAPE, MJ DICARLO, AL TI PREVALENCE OF HIGH SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS IN BULK TANK GOAT MILK SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GOAT MILK; SOMATIC CELL COUNTS; NEUTROPHIL ID PERCENT FAT; INFECTION; PROTEIN AB Higher SCC have been observed in goat milk than in cow milk. This study evaluated the prevalence of high SCC and determined whether increased neutrophils were a factor in high SCC. Bulk tank goat milk samples were collected from commercial dairy goat herds in California, Arkansas, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Total SCC were determined using a Fossomatic Electronic Cell Counter and microscopically using pyronin Y-methyl green stain. Differential counts were determined using Wright's-stained cytospin centrifuge preparations. Average SCC were high (6.12 log10 cells/ml; geometric mean, 1.32 x 10(6) cells/ml). The average of the Fossomatic and direct microscopic SCC indicated that 8.6% of the producers had SCC <.75 x 10(6) cells/ml and that 34.5% were <1 x 10(6) cells/ml. The current goat milk SCC standard is 1 x 10(6) cells/ml; the cow milk SCC standard will be .75 x 10(6) cells/ml in 1993. Milk samples contained 9.9% macrophages, 2.8% lymphocytes, and 87% neutrophils. These data indicate that high SCC were prevalent and that increased neutrophils contributed to high SCC in the bulk tank goat milk. RP DROKE, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BLDG 173,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1039 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77431-7 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KX473 UT WOS:A1993KX47300015 PM 8486835 ER PT J AU JANG, EB CHAN, HT AF JANG, EB CHAN, HT TI ALLEVIATION OF ACETIC-ACID PRODUCTION DURING MASS REARING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MASS-REARING; PH; CERATITIS-CAPITATA AB Acetic acid production in larval diets for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was suppressed to levels below OSHA permissible exposure limits using a combined treatment of pasteurization and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and streptomycin). Acetobacter spp., Gluconobacter oxydans, and Zymomonas mobilis strains were identified as the major bacteria responsible for acetic acid production in the diet. The treated diets had 50% less titratable acid than the untreated diets, resulting in atmospheric acetic acid levels of <1.2 ppm. Atmospheric acetic acid levels from untreated diets at times exceeded 18 ppm, which is nearly double the OSHA limits of 10 ppm. An unexpected result of this study was the ability to control dietary pH levels over the most critical period of larval development (0-6 d). Treated diets maintained pH levels of >5.0 over the first 6 d of larval development whereas untreated diets fell from pH 5.8-6.2 to pH 3.7-4.0 during the same period. As a result, treated diets improved pupal yields by 36-58% without any apparent adverse affects on insect quality. RP JANG, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400016 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW AF HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW TI TEST OF A NEW INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR FOR BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) BY DIPPING AND FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS-GRANDIS; INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR; FEEDING AB Boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, dipped into solutions containing 0.25-2.0% of CIBA-GEIGY's CGA-184699 killed >40% after 1 wk. Feeding 0.25-1.5% of this material in the adult diet for 3 d produced mortality similar to that found in tests. Female boll weevils treated with this insect growth regulator by dipping or feeding and mated with untreated males resulted in 95-99% less egg laying compared with the control. Male boll weevils administered CGA-184699 by dipping or feeding and mated with untreated females produced 58.8-73.0% fewer eggs compared with the control. Egg hatch and adult emergence of the few eggs collected was reduced to virtually zero in dipping and feeding tests. RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 310 EP 313 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400017 ER PT J AU HOELMER, KA OSBORNE, LS YOKOMI, RK AF HOELMER, KA OSBORNE, LS YOKOMI, RK TI REPRODUCTION AND FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF DELPHASTUS-PUSILLUS (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE), A PREDATOR OF BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DELPHASTUS-PUSILLUS; BEMISIA-TABACI; PREDATION ID SILVERLEAF DISORDER; POTATO; FLORIDA; SQUASH AB The development, feeding behavior, fecundity, and longevity of Delphastus pusillus (LeConte) on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was studied in the laboratory at 28 +/- 3-degrees-C. Developmental time from oviposition to eclosion was 21.0 d. Longevity of adults was 60.5 d for females and 44.8 d for males. Larval and adult beetles fed on all stages of whitefly. The number of prey consumed by adult beetles decreased with increasing age and size of prey; i.e., 167.1 eggs or 11.6 early fourth instars per day. Handling time increased with stage of whitefly, from 31.3 s for eggs to 377.7 s for early fourth instars. Beetle larvae began feeding upon hatching and consumed a mean of 977.5 eggs before pupating. Mated females laid eggs only when reared on diets containing whitefly eggs. When reared exclusively on a diet of eggs, beetles laid 3.0 eggs per clay. Mean lifetime egg production was 183.2. Predation on B. tabaci eggs and beetle oviposition was also observed in a greenhouse; mean prey consumption was 51% greater and mean daily oviposition by females was 103% higher than in the laboratory. Between 100 and 150 whitefly eggs per day were required to initiate and sustain oviposition in the laboratory and the greenhouse. The need for large numbers of whitefly eggs in the diet suggests D. pusillus will maintain itself without augmentation only in large populations of B. tabaci. RP HOELMER, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 25 TC 45 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 322 EP 329 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400019 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG LASTER, ML POWELL, JE AF TILLMAN, PG LASTER, ML POWELL, JE TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENDOPARASITOIDS MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES, MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR, AND COTESIA-KAZAK (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) ON HELICOVERPA-ZEA AND HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA SPP; ENDOPARASITOIDS; DEVELOPMENT ID HELIOTHIS LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITISM; LARVAE AB The native parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), and two imported species, Cotesia kazak (Telenga) and Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, developed equally well on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Developmental time on both host species was significantly longer for M. croceipes than for both imported species. Mortality of immature parasitoids was not significantly different for all parasitoid species on H. zea, but was significantly less for C. kazak on H. armigera than for both species of Microplitis. The female - male ratio was significantly greater for M. croceipes than for the imported parasitoid species when reared on H. zea. When all three parasitoid species were reared on H. armigera, sex ratios were not significantly different. RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 360 EP 362 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400025 ER PT J AU SHAVER, TN BROWN, HE AF SHAVER, TN BROWN, HE TI EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE TO DISRUPT MATING OF EOREUMA-LOFTINI (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) IN SUGARCANE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MATING DISRUPTION; PHEROMONES; EOREUMA-LOFTINI AB The effect of the pheromone of Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), on mating of laboratory-reared females to feral males was tested on mating tables in sugarcane fields. Reductions of 94.3 and 90.5% in mating was obtained using pheromone formulated in cotton wicks and rubber septa, respectively. In three small field plots (almost-equal-to 0.4 ha) treated with 198 g/ha of pheromone in rubber septa, 81.9-95.5% reductions in mating were obtained in the treated areas; 98.6-99.4% reductions in pheromone trap captures were obtained. When (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate was tested alone, a 63.8% reduction in mating was obtained through 28 d, but this decreased to 6.9% reduction after 43 d. C1 USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77840. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 377 EP 381 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400028 ER PT J AU NG, SS DAVIS, FM REESE, JC AF NG, SS DAVIS, FM REESE, JC TI SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) AND FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND FOOD-CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIATRAEA-GRANDIOSELLA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION INDEXES AB Developmental biology and food consumption and utilization of male and female southwestern corn borers, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were compared when reared on a meridic diet. Variations in some developmental parameters were sex-related. Female southwestern com borer larvae (greater-than-or-equal-to 8 d old) and pupae were significantly heavier, had significantly wider head capsules in fourth and fifth instars, and had a significantly longer developmental period than males, but their pupal developmental periods did not differ. In fall armyworm, the only developmental parameter that differed between sexes was the pupal developmental period (significantly shorter in females). Food consumption and utilization by selected larval age groups were estimated with indices for the amount of food ingested, diet assimilated, approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and efficiency of conversion of assimilated food (ECD). Five-, 7-, and 8-d-old southwestern corn borer males and females had equivalent weight gains, and food consumption and utilization. However, 10-, 13-, and 15-d-old females gained significantly more weight, ingested and digested significantly more food, and had significantly higher ECI and ECD values than comparably aged males. The AD values of these three age groups did not differ significantly between sexes. In contrast, no significant differences in weight gained or in any of the estimated food consumption and utilization indices at all age groups studied were observed between male and female fall armyworm larvae. Thus, variation of developmental biologies of these lepidopterous species are not only species-related but also sex-related. Use of developmental parameters of insects as indicators to measure or compare experimental treatment effects or as criteria for selecting insects to be used in an experiment must be done with caution. C1 USDA ARS, CROP SCI RES LAB, POB 5367, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 394 EP 400 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400030 ER PT J AU LATHEEF, MA LOPEZ, JD WITZ, JA AF LATHEEF, MA LOPEZ, JD WITZ, JA TI CAPTURE OF CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN PHEROMONE TRAPS AND HAND NETS - RELATIONSHIP TO EGG AND ADULT DENSITIES IN FIELD CORN, TEXAS-BRAZOS RIVER VALLEY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY; PHEROMONE TRAPS ID ZEA BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTURNAL BEHAVIOR; HELIOTHIS; COTTON; TOBACCO; MOTHS; PERIODICITY; OVIPOSITION; POPULATION; DYNAMICS AB Temporal patterns of capture of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in pheromone traps and by hand nets and the relationship of numbers caught to egg and adult densities were studied for 35 and 44 nights during 1988 and 1989, respectively, in four commercial com fields near College Station, TX. The percentage of nightly pheromone-trap catch, divided into hourly periods, was highest between 2100 and 2200 hours (CDT). Coefficient of determination between number of males caught in traps between 2100 and 2200 hours and egg densities determined the following morning (R2 = 37%) was also higher than for other time periods. However, stepwise regression showed that trap catch between 0400 and 0500 hours in combination with number of fresh silks per hectare provided the best equation for predicting egg densities (R2 = 51%). Of the total numbers of moths captured by hand net, 62% were females. The percentage of nightly hand-net catch of females was highest between 2100 and 2400 hours and of males was nearly uniform throughout the night. The percentage of nightly capture of mating pairs by hand net was highest between 0300 and 0400 hours. Overall, the temporal patterns of capture of males in the pheromone traps and of mating pairs by hand net did not reflect competition between the pheromone-baited traps and native females; there was no decrease in fraction of males captured in pheromone traps when mating activity was highest. There were significant linear regression relationships between the number of com earworm male moths caught per pheromone trap per night and density of females (R2 = 67%) and males (R2 = 69%) estimated by hand nets. RP LATHEEF, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 407 EP 415 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400032 ER PT J AU SUMMY, KR CATE, JR BAR, D AF SUMMY, KR CATE, JR BAR, D TI OVERWINTER SURVIVAL OF BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN SOUTHERN TEXAS - ENTRAPMENT IN DESICCATED BOLLS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; COTTON; OVERWINTERING ID COTTON AB Research conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas demonstrated the significance of cotton residue as potential overwintering habitat for boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Observations of boll weevil cohorts under laboratory conditions demonstrated the ability of immature stages to complete development within desiccating bolls, and following eclosion, the ability of adults to survive considerable periods of entrapment (up to 3 mo) within desiccated bolls with little or no adverse effects on the reproductive system. Field surveys conducted during 1985 revealed: (1) significant densities of boll weevils overwintering in freeze-killed cotton regrowth between 25 January (54,000 per ha, 94.6% immature stages) and 5 April (200 per ha, 100% adults), and (2) a significant emergence of adult boll weevils (almost-equal-to 1,600 adults per ha during a 30-d period) from buried residue of cotton plants ''destroyed'' by conventional tillage operations almost-equal-to 3 mo earlier. Both habitats allowed boll weevils (both adults and immature stages) to overwinter in numbers greatly in excess of established economic thresholds. RP SUMMY, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400034 ER PT J AU HOGSETTE, JA JACOBS, RD MILLER, RW AF HOGSETTE, JA JACOBS, RD MILLER, RW TI THE STICKY CARD - DEVICE FOR STUDYING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) POPULATIONS IN CLOSED POULTRY HOUSES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; STICKY CARD; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; BAITED JUG-TRAP; STABLE FLIES; PTEROMALIDAE AB A commercially available sticky card was evaluated for use in adult fly distribution studies in large, closed poultry houses in Florida and Maryland. Results showed that house flies, Musca domestica L., preferred the interior parts of the houses, away from the walls. No vertical stratification was observed in Maryland, but flies in Florida stayed closer to the floor. In-house dispersal studies using fluorescent dust showed that flies would move almost-equal-to 50 m, or one-third the length of the house, in <24 h. Specimens of Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) (formerly Ophyra aenescens) were recovered in both states. RP HOGSETTE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 450 EP 454 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400038 ER PT J AU SKODA, SR THOMAS, GD CAMPBELL, JB AF SKODA, SR THOMAS, GD CAMPBELL, JB TI ABUNDANCE OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) FROM 5 AREAS IN BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOT PENS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLY PESTS; IMMATURE DEVELOPMENT; MUSCA-DOMESTICA ID EASTERN NEBRASKA; FLIES DIPTERA; SITES AB Randomly selected core samples were taken over a 3-yr period from five sample areas (the feed apron-soil interface, mound, side fences, back fences, and general lot) in pens of several beef feedlots. Our goal was to determine the abundance, from the five sample areas, of immature house flies, Musca domestica L., throughout each year. The feed apron-soil interface consistently (greater-than-or-equal-to 33% of the cores yielded house flies) yielded the highest numbers of immature house flies (>70% of total) in all 3 yr. House fly numbers tended to peak in mid- to late-season samples. Scheduled, concerted waste management along the feed apron should have a positive impact on house fly population reduction. Data derived from sampling along the feed apron could have predictive value in developing pest management schemes. RP SKODA, SR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 455 EP 461 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400039 ER PT J AU SHARP, JL AF SHARP, JL TI HOT-AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR MARSH WHITE GRAPEFRUIT INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITIDAE; HEATED AIR; PROBIT-9 AB A single-stage hot-air quarantine treatment disinfested Florida-grown 'Marsh' white grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), eggs and larvae without damaging the fruit. Treating infested grapefruits with 48 +/- 0.3-degrees-C forced air for 63, 105, 135, and 195 min, when center pulp temperatures were 28-29, 36-37, 40-41, and 44-45-degrees-C, respectively, reduced the number of surviving puparia that developed from treated larvae. Probit analysis estimated the exposure time needed to reach 99.9968% (probit 9) mortality as 202 min (lower and upper FL were 170 and 271 min, respectively) when the mean center pulp temperature was greater-than-or-equal-to 45.7-degrees-C. A large-scale confirmatory test resulted in no survivors when 115,037 A. suspensa larvae in 3,480 infested grapefruits were heated with 48 +/- 0.3-degrees-C forced air at an average 0.75 m3/s air flow rate until the center pulp temperature was greater-than-or-equal-to 44-degrees-C, which required greater-than-or-equal-to 150 min of heating. RP SHARP, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 462 EP 464 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400040 ER PT J AU STEIN, JD SANDQUIST, RE KOERBER, TW FRANK, CL AF STEIN, JD SANDQUIST, RE KOERBER, TW FRANK, CL TI RESPONSE OF DOUGLAS-FIR CONE AND SEED INSECTS TO IMPLANTS OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES IN A NORTHERN CALIFORNIA FOREST AND A SOUTHERN OREGON SEED ORCHARD SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONE AND SEED INSECTS; TREE IMPLANTS; SEED ORCHARD AB The systemic insecticides acephate, dimethoate, and carbofuran were implanted into Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, at Oakridge, OR, and Willow Creek, CA, to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing seed and cone insect damage. The acephate-implant treatment significantly reduced seed damage by the Douglas-fir cone moth, Barbara colfaxiana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), and a cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and significantly increased the percentage of filled seed by 300% at the California site. Neither dimethoate nor carbofuran significantly affected any of the seed or cone insects encountered in this study. Acephate was not effective against a seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), nor the western conifer-seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae). The association observed between C. oregonensis damage and undeveloped seeds suggests that management strategies that include effective control measures should also include methods to monitor and reduce seed abortion. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REGION,PORTLAND,OR 97208. US FOREST SERV,N ZONE TREE IMPROVEMENT GRP,N ZONE TREE IMPROVEMENT GRP,YREKA,CA 96067. RP STEIN, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 465 EP 469 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400041 ER PT J AU SANDQUIST, RE OVERHULSER, DL STEIN, JD AF SANDQUIST, RE OVERHULSER, DL STEIN, JD TI AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF ESFENVALERATE TO SUPPRESS CONTARINIA-OREGONENSIS (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) AND MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMATROPHUS (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE) IN DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARDS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONTARINIA-OREGONENSIS; MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS; OLIGONYCHUS-UNUNGUIS ID CONE AB Aerial applications of esfenvalerate significantly reduced populations of a Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, and a Douglas-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl, in mature Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, seed orchards. Populations of the spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi), increased significantly in treated areas. Our results demonstrated that aerial applications can be made under conditions in the Pacific Northwest and can reduce insect damage levels with between 10 to 20 times less metric insecticide than when high-volume orchard sprayers are used. C1 OREGON DEPT FORESTRY,SALEM,OR 97310. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP SANDQUIST, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REGION,POB 3623,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400042 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JA DUTOIT, F POPHAM, TW AF WEBSTER, JA DUTOIT, F POPHAM, TW TI FECUNDITY COMPARISONS OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN BETHLEHEM, SOUTH-AFRICA, AND IN STILLWATER, OKLAHOMA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; FECUNDITY; TEMPERATURE ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; INTRINSIC RATE; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; INCREASE AB Fecundities of Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), from populations collected at Stillwater, OK, and Bethlehem, South Africa, were measured in the laboratory at each location. The measurements were conducted under two temperature regimes identical for each location. We detected no statistically significant differences in total fecundity between the populations for the Bethlehem tests conducted at 15 and 25-degrees-C and the Stillwater test at 15-degrees-C. However, fecundity of aphids in the Stillwater 25-degrees-C test was significantly lower than that of the other tests. In addition, reproduction at the higher temperature peaked sooner for the Stillwater aphids than for the Bethlehem aphids. RP WEBSTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 544 EP 548 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400052 ER PT J AU MCPHERSON, RM BONDARI, K STEPHENSON, MG SEVERSON, RF JACKSON, DM AF MCPHERSON, RM BONDARI, K STEPHENSON, MG SEVERSON, RF JACKSON, DM TI INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DATE ON THE SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF TOBACCO BUDWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AND TOBACCO APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON GEORGIA FLUE-CURED TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MYZUS-NICOTIANAE; CULTURAL CONTROL; PLANTING DATE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; TOBACCO APHID; TOBACCO BUDWORM; TOBACCO ID GREEN MORPHS; RESISTANCE; RED AB The influence of planting date of flue-cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., on the seasonal abundance of tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), and tobacco aphids, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, was examined in field plots in Georgia during 1987-89. Tobacco aphid population densities (aphids per plant) were influenced by yearly effects; however, tobacco budworm populations (budworms per 10 plants) were similar among the three years. A planting date (PD) effect (late March, mid-April, late April) was observed for tobacco aphids only in 1989, when higher population densities occurred in the late-planted tobacco. Planting date influenced tobacco budworm population densities in two of the three years. Significant differences in tobacco aphid populations were detected between PD's in all three years for the weekly samples in June and July, the period when seasonal aphid densities were the highest. Population peaks were higher in the mid-and late planting dates, except in 1987 when high aphid densities (3000 per plant) occurred only during the early planting date. Weekly differences in tobacco budworm populations also were detected among planting dates on many sampling dates throughout the season in all three years. Tobacco budworms occurred earliest in the early-planted tobacco, but peak densities were highest in the late-planted tobacco. Both tobacco budworm and tobacco aphid populations declined after the plants were topped (terminal floral branch removed) and a fatty alcohol sucker control was applied. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT STAT & COMP SERV,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP MCPHERSON, RM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 156 EP 167 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LB041 UT WOS:A1993LB04100002 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE AF THRONE, JE TI ABILITY OF OLDER CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) LARVAE TO INFEST WHOLE CORN AND LONG-TERM POPULATION-GROWTH ON WHOLE CORN SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE; POPULATION GROWTH; LARVAL SURVIVAL; CORN ID RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES AB The rusty grain beetle is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, and may cause grain to spoil and heat. The ability of 2-week-old rusty grain beetle larvae, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), to complete development to the adult stage on undamaged corn kernels was compared with development on damaged kernels (undamaged kernels that are slit through the germ with a razor blade) and coarsely cracked corn at 30-degrees-C and 75% RH. Both the condition of the corn and infestation level (1 or 5 larvae per cage) significantly affected the proportion of samples in which adults developed. More adults developed in samples containing damaged or coarsely cracked corn than in samples containing undamaged corn. More adults were produced in samples at the higher infestation level. The results indicate that older rusty grain beetle larvae can complete development on sound grain, but more complete development on damaged grain. A long-term test of the ability of rusty grain beetles to infest whole corn was also conducted. Ten adults and ten 2-week-old larvae were placed on 150 g each of. 1) undamaged kernels, 2) damaged kernels, 3) kernels that were sifted to remove dockage but not otherwise selected, and 4) coarsely cracked corn. Population growth at 30-degrees-C and 75% RH was monitored over a 36-week period. Population growth on coarsely cracked corn was rapid. This treatment was terminated after 20 weeks, because the corn was deteriorating and population growth was beginning to decline. Final population levels on damaged and unselected com kernels were high. There was little population growth on undamaged kernels. The results indicate that sound grain is relatively resistant to infestation by rusty grain beetles, even when older larvae are present. Although commercial grain is susceptible to infestation, rate of rusty grain beetle population growth is slow compared to that on damaged grain. RP THRONE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LB041 UT WOS:A1993LB04100004 ER PT J AU SMITH, BJ LOCKLEY, TC AF SMITH, BJ LOCKLEY, TC TI CONTROL OF RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT IN BLUEBERRIES WITH FENOXYCARB SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT; VACCINIUM-ASHEI; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE C1 USDA,APHIS,PPQ,IMPORTED FIRE ANT LAB,GULFPORT,MS 39501. RP SMITH, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES LAB,POB 287,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LB041 UT WOS:A1993LB04100012 ER PT J AU HOLMGREN, GGS MEYER, MW CHANEY, RL DANIELS, RB AF HOLMGREN, GGS MEYER, MW CHANEY, RL DANIELS, RB TI CADMIUM, LEAD, ZINC, COPPER, AND NICKEL IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF THE UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SWEET CORN; ELEMENTS; WHEAT; CROPS; POTATOES; SOYBEANS; LETTUCE; PEANUTS; METALS AB Three thousand forty-five surface soil samples from 307 different soil series were analyzed for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, and pH in the course of a study of trace element uptake by major agricultural crops. The soil data from this study are summarized here statistically and in map form to show their interactions and generalized geographic distribution patterns. Amounts of all rive metal elements are generally low in the Southeast. A regional high of about 15 mg/kg Pb covers the Mississipi, Ohio, and Missouri River valleys. Higher values for other elements are generally concentrated in the West and in the lower Mississippi River Valley. Maximum Cd levels were found in soils of the coast ranges of central and southern California. Copper levels are noticeably higher in organic soil areas of Florida, Oregon, and the Great Lakes. Nickel and Cu concentrations are high in serpentine soil areas of California. Nickel levels are also somewhat higher in the glaciated areas of the northern great plains and in northern Maine. For the entire dataset, the values of the minimum-maximum, 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles are as follows: (mg/kg dry soil) Cd, <0.005 to 2.0, 0.036, 0.20, 0.78; Pb, 0.5 to 135, 4.0, 11, 23; Zn, 1.5 to 264, 8.0, 53, 126; Cu, 0.3 to 495, 3.8, 18.5, 95; Ni, 0.7 to 269, 4.1, 18.2, 57; pH (pH units) 3.9-8.9, 4.7, 6.1, 8.1; CEC (cmol/kg) 0.6 to 204, 2.4, 14.0, 135; and organic C % 0.09 to 63, 0.36, 1.05, 33.3. Metal levels generally increased with increasing clay concentration. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,SCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,SCS,SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 38 TC 276 Z9 295 U1 9 U2 59 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 335 EP 348 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE947 UT WOS:A1993LE94700015 ER PT J AU NETTLES, CG BAREFOOT, SF AF NETTLES, CG BAREFOOT, SF TI BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC-CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOCINS OF FOOD-ASSOCIATED LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI-H; PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC NISIN; STREPTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LACTOBACILLUS-SAKE; CONJUGAL TRANSFER; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; LEUCONOSTOC-GELIDUM; PEDIOCIN ACH AB Numerous strains of lactic acid bacteria associated with food systems are capable of producing bacteriocins, or antibacterial proteins with activity against foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium botulinum. Recently, considerable emphasis has been placed on the identification of these proteins and their biochemical properties, including spectrum of activity, production conditions, purification procedures, amino acid composition, amino acid sequence, and modes of action. Advances in genetic engineering techniques have facilitated the characterization of these proteins at the genetic level, providing information on hydropathic index, protein synthesis and structure, immunity determinants for resistance and/or tolerance, and cloning of bacteriocin genes into other organisms. Prior to the utilization of bacteriocins and/or die producer organism in food systems, a thorough understanding of the physical, biochemical, and genetic properties is required. Additional parameters for use of bacteriocins and bacteriocin-producing organisms in food systems also are discussed. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,CLEMSON,SC 29634. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP NETTLES, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,BOX 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 152 TC 172 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1993 VL 56 IS 4 BP 338 EP 356 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KZ104 UT WOS:A1993KZ10400014 ER PT J AU WALTER, WM SCHWARTZ, SJ AF WALTER, WM SCHWARTZ, SJ TI CONTROLLED HEAT PROCESSING OF JEWEL SWEET-POTATOES FOR PUREE PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB 'Jewel' sweet-potato slices 0.5 cm thick were precooked at 100, 125 and 150C for varying periods of time, finish-cooked for 15 min at 150C, and pureed. Selected chemical and physical properties of the purees were compared to a puree prepared from conventionally baked sweet potatoes (1.25 h at 195C). Purees from the controlled heat process were also compared to the baked puree by a sensory panel. Of all the treatments, puree from the 100C, 6-min precook treatment was the most silimar to puree from baked sweet potatoes with respect to chemical and physical characteristics. The sensory panel found the two purees to be different, but were equally divided when asked to express a preference. Subsequent analysis showed that the starch of the baked control had been more completely hydrolyzed than the starch of the other treatments. This was reflected by higher maltose, lower starch content and by decreased starch molecular size and viscosity of the control compared with the other treatments. RP WALTER, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1993.tb00350.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LD664 UT WOS:A1993LD66400001 ER PT J AU MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE BUSLIG, BS AF MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE BUSLIG, BS TI RETENTION OF FRESH ORANGE JUICE FLAVOR AND AROMA IN AN AQUEOUS DISTILLATE FROM VALENCIA ORANGE JUICE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Freshly squeezed Valencia orange juice distilled at low temperature and reduced pressure, yielded an aqueous distillate with the necessary balance of volatile flavor and aroma constituents to retain the fresh juice characteristics. Flavor comparisons by an experienced sensory panel determined that orange juice reconstituted by combining the aqueous distillate with the residual juice solids had significantly more fresh juice character than reconstituted commercial frozen concentrated orange juice; commercial not pasteurized single strength orange juice (SSOJ); pasteurized SSOJ, not from concentrate; canned SSOJ, from concentrate; or aseptically packed SSOJ, from concentrate. The panel also found no significant difference in fresh juice characteristics between freshly squeezed orange juice and distillate and residual solids recombined from the same juice sample. Fifty four volatile constituents were identified from the aqueous distillate of freshly squeezed orange juice. RP MOSHONAS, MG (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1993.tb00353.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LD664 UT WOS:A1993LD66400004 ER PT J AU COLLINS, JK PERKINSVEAZIE, P AF COLLINS, JK PERKINSVEAZIE, P TI POSTHARVEST CHANGES IN STRAWBERRY FRUIT STORED UNDER SIMULATED RETAIL DISPLAY CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB 'Cardinal' strawberry fruit were placed in plastic boxes with plastic dome lids (PDL) or with polyethylene wrap (PE), warmed to 25C for 8 h and stored at 1C or 5C to simulate retail storage temperature conditions. For all treatments, fruit held at 5C decayed and deteriorated more than fruit held at 1C. During storage at 1C or 5C, fruit in boxes with PE accumulated CO2 (0.75-2% CO2/mg), had less weight loss and better color retention than fruit in boxes with PDL. After 3 days of storage, precooled strawberries exposed to 8 h of warming had more weight loss and worse appearance than fruit held continuously at 1C; these differences were not apparent after 7 days. RP COLLINS, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1993.tb00356.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LD664 UT WOS:A1993LD66400007 ER PT J AU BANZHAF, WH IRLAND, LC MARSHALL, F COUFAL, JE CORNETT, ZJ AF BANZHAF, WH IRLAND, LC MARSHALL, F COUFAL, JE CORNETT, ZJ TI ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING - A ROUND-TABLE DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Discussion C1 IRLAND GRP,AUGUSTA,ME. SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. US FOREST SERV,CHUGACH NATL FOREST,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP BANZHAF, WH (reprint author), SOC AMER FORESTERS,BETHESDA,MD, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KV380 UT WOS:A1993KV38000015 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, MY FORCE, JE CARROLL, MS MCLAUGHLIN, WJ AF MITCHELL, MY FORCE, JE CARROLL, MS MCLAUGHLIN, WJ TI FOREST PLACES OF THE HEART SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MITCHELL, MY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TONGASS NATL FOREST,WRANGELL RANGER DIST,WRANGELL,AK, USA. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KV380 UT WOS:A1993KV38000021 ER PT J AU FORTENBERY, TR SUMNER, DA AF FORTENBERY, TR SUMNER, DA TI THE EFFECTS OF USDA REPORTS IN FUTURES AND OPTIONS MARKETS SO JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS LA English DT Article ID ANNOUNCEMENTS; PRICES C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP FORTENBERY, TR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR ECON,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-7314 J9 J FUTURES MARKETS JI J. Futures Mark. PD APR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1002/fut.3990130204 PG 17 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA KT811 UT WOS:A1993KT81100003 ER PT J AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W TI CHROMIUM IN HUMAN-NUTRITION - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE CHROMIUM; HUMANS; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE FACTOR; BREWERS-YEAST; INORGANIC CHROMIUM; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY; PLASMA CHROMIUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; INSULIN; DEFICIENCY AB This review summarizes the results of 15 controlled studies supplementing defined Cr(III) compounds to subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Three of these (3-4 mumol Cr/d for >2 mo) produced no beneficial effects: serum glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations remained unchanged. The remaining 12 interventions improved the efficiency of insulin or the blood lipid profile of subjects (ranging from malnourished children and healthy middle-aged individuals to insulin-requiring diabetics). In addition, three cases of impaired glucose tolerance after long-term total parenteral alimentation responding to Cr supplementation have been reported. Chromium potentiates the action of insulin in vitro and in vivo; maximal in vitro activity requires a special chemical form, termed Glucose Tolerance Factor and tentatively identified as a Cr-nicotinic acid complex. Its complete structural identification is a major challenge to chromium research. The development and validation of a procedure to diagnose chromium status is the second challenge. Such a test would allow the assessment of incidence and severity of deficiency in the population and the selection of chromium-responsive individuals. The third challenge is the definition of chromium's mode of action on parameters of lipid metabolism that have been reported from some studies but not others. Future research along these lines might establish whether chromium deficiency is a factor in the much discussed ''Syndrome X'' of insulin resistance. RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 50 TC 437 Z9 461 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 123 IS 4 BP 626 EP 633 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KU909 UT WOS:A1993KU90900003 PM 8463863 ER PT J AU FETTERER, RH HILL, DE AF FETTERER, RH HILL, DE TI THE OCCURRENCE OF PHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN FEMALE TRICHURIS-SUIS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGG-SHELLS; LOSSES AB The body of Trichuris suis females maintained in vitro under a gas phase of 95% air 5% CO2 develops a brown pigment that is apparent after 1 day and intensifies with time. Development of the brown pigment is prevented by maintaining the parasites in an anaerobic gas phase (95% N2, 5% CO2), but tanning commences when worms are returned to aerobic conditions. Tanning was not observed in males. Intact female T. suis take up oxygen at a considerably higher rate than males. Supernatant fractions (10,000 g) and pellets from whole worm homogenates of females both convert dihyroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopachrome, suggesting the presence of a phenol oxidase. About 70% of the total phenol oxidase activity in females was in the pellet and about 30% in the supernatant fraction. Homogenates of male worms contained minimal phenol oxidase activity. Polarographic assay of phenol oxidase activity confirmed the presence of this enzyme in female T. suis. Female homogenates oxidized both dihydroxyphenylalanine and 4-methylcatechol and to a lesser extent hydroquinone. This oxidation was inhibited (>90%) by diethyldithiocarbamate. Males did not oxidize any of the substrates tested. These results suggest that an enzyme of the phenol oxidase type is present in female worms but is probably inactive because of low oxygen tensions in the swine colon. The function of this enzyme in T. suis is unknown but is most likely associated with tanning of eggshell proteins or other aspects of eggshell synthesis. RP FETTERER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AREA RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 79 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.2307/3283501 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KW476 UT WOS:A1993KW47600002 PM 8459324 ER PT J AU FETTERER, RH RHOADS, ML URBAN, JF AF FETTERER, RH RHOADS, ML URBAN, JF TI SYNTHESIS OF TYROSINE-DERIVED CROSS-LINKS IN ASCARIS-SUUM CUTICULAR PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; CUTICLE COLLAGEN; AMINO-ACID; GENE; DITYROSINE; SEQUENCES; LARVAE AB Tritiated dityrosine and isotrityrosine were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of acid hydrolysates of cuticular proteins from larval Ascaris suum following their 96-hr in vitro incubation in [H-3]tyrosine. Sixty percent of the HPLC-recovered radiolabel was present as tyrosine, 20% as dityrosine, and 6% as isotrityrosine. Approximately 13% of radioactivity was associated with several unidentified peaks. A similar distribution of radioactivity was observed in acid hydrolysates of cuticular proteins from young adults of A. suum following 48 hr in vitro incubation with [H-3]tyrosine. The 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-insoluble cuticular protein from the larval stages had a higher rate of synthesis of [H-3]dityrosine than did the 2ME-soluble cuticular proteins, whereas the 2ME-soluble cuticular proteins had higher rates of synthesis of [H-3]isotrityrosine. Pulse-chase studies of A. suum larvae demonstrated a relatively low rate of synthesis of both dityrosine and isotrityrosine. The addition to the culture media of the peroxidase inhibitors, phenylhydrazine (PHEN), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), and N-acetyltyrosine (NAT) reduced the amount of [H-3]tyrosine synthesized into both dityrosine and isotrityrosine. In a cell-free system, soluble extracts of A. suum larvae also converted radiolabeled tyrosine to dityrosine; isotrityrosine was produced by some extracts. The rate of conversion correlated with time of incubation and the volume of added extract and was inhibited by AT, NAT, and PHEN, with PHEN being the most potent inhibitor. The results of the present study suggest that the tyrosine residues of the cuticular proteins are posttranslationally modified by the formation of dityrosine and isotrityrosine cross-links. This modification is most likely mediated by a peroxidase. RP FETTERER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 79 IS 2 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.2307/3283502 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KW476 UT WOS:A1993KW47600003 PM 8459325 ER PT J AU GOUNARIS, Y AF GOUNARIS, Y TI COMPARISON OF RESTRICTION PATTERNS OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA FROM LOW AND HIGH SUGAR ACCUMULATING CULTIVARS SELECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA; COLD; MITOCHONDRIA; POTATOES; RESTRICTION DIGESTION; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SUGAR ACCUMULATION ID TUBERS; GENE AB Mitochondria were isolated from tubers of several potato cultivars/selections and the restriction pattern of their DNA was compared. Russet Burbank and Norchip are two important cultivars that accumulate high amounts of reducing sugars, while ND860-2, 2221-6, and 2652-9 accumulate only low amounts of sugars during cold storage. DNA was extracted from the purified mitochondria and subjected to digestion with the restriction endonuclease HindIII. The obtained fragments were resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicate maternal inheritance of potato mitochondria. The mitochondrial DNA fragment pattern of the low sugar accumulating selections differed from that of Russet Burbank and Norchip in lacking a 4.2-kb fragment and exhibiting, instead, a band of size 3.7 kb. RP GOUNARIS, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS,POTATO RES LAB,311 5TH AVE NE,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 141 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY533 UT WOS:A1993KY53300007 ER PT J AU TISCHLER, CR BURSON, BL JORDAN, WR AF TISCHLER, CR BURSON, BL JORDAN, WR TI PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION IN TISSUE-CULTURE REGENERATED APOMICTIC PASPALUM-DILATATUM SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PASPALUM-DILATATUM POIR; APOMIXIS; DALLISGRASS; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; EPICUTICULAR WAX; HEAT TOLERANCE; TISSUE CULTURE ID MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY; HEAT TOLERANCE; WAX; SOYBEANS; SORGHUM AB Tissue culture techniques provide unique opportunities to introduce variability into vegetatively propagated or apomictic plants. We studied 45 regenerates of apomictic common dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) derived via tissue culture to search for variability in characteristics related to stress tolerance. Plants were grown in replicated field nurseries. Characteristics measured were heat tolerance as determined by both the solute leakage and tiller survival methods, leaf epicuticular wax content, and survival under severe water stress. In each test, one or more of the regenerates differed from common dallisgrass. In the solute leakage test, two entries had less damage than common, while seven were damaged more than common. In the tiller survival test, two entries were significantly lower in mortality than common dallisgrass. Three entries had better survival than common in the water stress test, while four entries were significantly higher in mortality. The range in wax values observed in the regenerates was relatively narrow. However, two entries were significantly higher in wax than common, but none were significantly lower. In several cases, some entries differed from common for more than one of the parameters tested, although the majority of the entries did not differ from and probably were similar to common dallisgrass. These findings demonstrate that somaclonal variation expressed in plants regenerated through tissue culture include basic physiological characteristics that influence drought and heat tolerance. Because these changes are in an obligate apomict, they are permanently fixed and will be expressed in subsequent generations. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,TEXAS WATER RESOURCES INST,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP TISCHLER, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 141 IS 4 BP 482 EP 486 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY533 UT WOS:A1993KY53300016 ER PT J AU DAVIDONIS, G AF DAVIDONIS, G TI A COMPARISON OF COTTON OVULE AND COTTON CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES - RESPONSE TO GIBBERELLIC-ACID AND 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; GIBBERELLIC ACID; COTTON OVULES; SUSPENSION CULTURES ID PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES; VITRO FIBER DEVELOPMENT; PISUM-SATIVUM; ETHYLENE AB Cotton ovule cultures have proved to be useful tools in the elucidation of the fiber growth parameters that ultimately affect fiber quality. Ovules pretreated with chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) or gibberellic acid (GA3) were subsequently placed in media containing GA3. Fiber elongation was inhibited on ovules pretreated for 20 h with CEPA. Ovules exposed to GA3 in a 16-h pretreatment, followed by culture in 100 muM CEPA. 5.7 muM GA3 + 100 muM CEPA, or 5.7 muM GA3,5 muM IAA + 100 muM CEPA exhibited inhibition of fiber elongation. Inhibition was least on fibers receiving a GA3, IAA + CEPA treatment. A simultaneous addition of 5.7 muM GA3 and 100 muM CEPA inhibited fiber elongation. In cotton cell suspension cultures, cell elongation was inhibited and lateral cell expansion was promoted in GA3+ CEPA-treated cultures. Cotton ovule cultures were less sensitive to CEPA than cotton cell suspension cultures. RP DAVIDONIS, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 141 IS 4 BP 505 EP 507 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY533 UT WOS:A1993KY53300020 ER PT J AU FOLLETT, RF AF FOLLETT, RF TI GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE, UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE, AND CARBON-DIOXIDE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB What should U.S. agriculture do to adapt for possible climate change and what can it do to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? An evaluation indicates that, unless there is a decline of about one-fourth in total crop yields, the U.S. land resource base will be adequate and food security can be met. The impacts of climate change on individual crop production regions are hard to predict, however, and may be either negative or positive. The assumption must be made that agriculture faces an uncertain future and, therefore, must rely upon experience, adoption of proven technologies, development of new technologies, and improved husbandry of land, water, and energy resources. Carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases, can be emitted, as well as sequestered, in large amounts by agriculture. Agriculture has a great opportunity to help mitigate climate change by stashing CO2 as C in soil and vegetation and by displacing fossil fuels. Practices requiring good agricultural husbandry, which should be implemented anyway, can be quite effective for sequestering C. For cropland, these practices include building soil organic matter levels, improving soil fertility, and growing more food on less land. Carbon pools are maintained, restored, and enlarged on croplands by increased use of conservation tillage, improved use of animal and other wastes, minimized dryland fallowing, and preservation of marginal lands. On forestlands, reforestation, forestation (including tree planting on conservation reserve program land), and improved forest harvesting practices maintain and enlarge C-pools. Preservation of wetlands does much to maintain C-pools. Collectively, these practices can potentially offset not only the CO2 emissions from U.S. agriculture, but also part of that from U.S. sources outside of agriculture. RP FOLLETT, RF (reprint author), USDA,301 S HOWES,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LG014 UT WOS:A1993LG01400001 ER PT J AU SHARPE, RR PUSEY, PL NYCZEPIR, AP FLORKOWSKI, WJ AF SHARPE, RR PUSEY, PL NYCZEPIR, AP FLORKOWSKI, WJ TI YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF INTERVENTION WITH PEACH-TREE SHORT LIFE DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Fumigation, rootstocks, and time of pruning of peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were studied to determine if the cost of soil fumigation would be recovered when replanting peach trees on a peach tree short life (PTSL) site. Incidence of PTSL, yield, and economic return were determined over 3 yr. Treatments were fumigation with 98% methyl bromide or no fumigation, 'Lovell' or 'Nemaguard' rootstocks, and pruning in December or March. Pruning effects were inconsistent from year to year and did not affect the 3-yr-cumulative yield. Fumigation increased yield per tree and decreased tree loss due to PTSL. Significant interactions between fumigation and rootstocks indicated that fumigation increased yield per tree more with Lovell than with Nemaguard rootstocks. Increased yield and decreased mortality following fumigation increased economic return by 31% over the nonfumigated treatment. Soil fumigation increased yields sufficiently on a PTSL site to justify the practice economically. RP SHARPE, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LG014 UT WOS:A1993LG01400012 ER PT J AU WANN, EV AF WANN, EV TI CUCUMBER YIELD RESPONSE TO PLANT-DENSITY AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The effects of plant population density and spatial arrangement of plants on yield of gynoecious pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) have not been clearly defined for the south central region of the USA. This research was conducted to identify adapted cultivars, the optimum plant population density (PPD), and plant spatial arrangement (PSA) of cucumber intended for once-over mechanical harvest. Cucumber cultivars Calypso, Discover, Flurry, Lucky Strike, Napoleon, Peto Triplemech, Regal, and Tamor were grown at PPDs ranging from 26 000 to 130 000 plants/acre. Calypso and Discover were grown with PSAs of 15 by 4-in., 22 by 3-in., and 32 by 2-in. row and plant spacings on beds 76 in. wide and a constant population density of approximately 82 000 plants/acre. Yields generally increased at PPDs above 26 000 plants/acre, but no increases were recorded above 65 000 plants/acre. Plant spatial arrangement of 15 by 4-in. row/plant spacing produced greater yield than either the 22 by 3-in. or 32 by 2-in. spacing. Results indicated that all cultivars tested, except Lucky Strike and Napoleon, when planted at 65 000 to 87 000 plants/acre and 15 by 4-in. PSA on beds suitably spaced to accommodate equipment passage would produce an acceptable return to growers in the region. RP WANN, EV (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 253 EP 255 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LG014 UT WOS:A1993LG01400015 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RA BRYDEN, NA POLANSKY, MM AF ANDERSON, RA BRYDEN, NA POLANSKY, MM TI DIETARY-INTAKE OF CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, COPPER, IRON, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, AND ZINC - DUPLICATE PLATE VALUES CORRECTED USING DERIVED NUTRIENT INTAKE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID ENERGY-INTAKE; RECORDS; WOMEN RP ANDERSON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 462 EP 464 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(93)92298-C PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KV996 UT WOS:A1993KV99600020 PM 8454817 ER PT J AU SNYDER, JM TAYLOR, SL KING, JW AF SNYDER, JM TAYLOR, SL KING, JW TI ANALYSIS OF TOCOPHEROLS BY CAPILLARY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; STEROL; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID; TOCOPHEROL ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VEGETABLE-OILS; HPLC; EXTRACTION; PRODUCTS AB Tocopherol-containing mixtures were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). GC analysis of tocopherols required the formation of the silyl derivatives, while SFC analysis of the tocopherol-containing mixtures was accomplished on neat samples. SFC analysis conditions were optimized with respect to column type and density/pressure programming. Enhanced resolution of many components was achieved by using inverse temperature programming during the SFC analyses. Both SFC and GC analyses permitted the separation and quantitation of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols. In addition, SFC proved particularly applicable for characterizing the composition of a deodorizer distillate and commercial antioxidant formulation. Coupling of a quadrapole mass spectrometer with a supercritical fluid chromatograph was also achieved; the mass spectrometer provided electron impact mass spectra on the underivatized tocopherol and sterol moieties. Both SFC and SFC/mass spectrometry proved effective for the analysis of complex lipid-containing mixtures, requiring minimal sample preparation prior to analysis. RP SNYDER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1007/BF02552705 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY242 UT WOS:A1993KY24200004 ER PT J AU HWANG, KT MAERKER, G AF HWANG, KT MAERKER, G TI QUANTITATION OF CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION-PRODUCTS IN UNIRRADIATED AND IRRADIATED MEATS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CHOLESTEROL; IRRADIATION; OXIDATION; PORK; VEAL ID MUSCLE; FOODS; QUANTIFICATION; AUTOXIDATION; DERIVATIVES; TISSUES; OXIDES; RAW AB A method to detect 7-ketocholesterol, cholesterol-5beta,6beta-epoxide, cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide, 4-cholesten-3-one, 4,6-cholestadien-3-one and 4-cholestene-3,6-dione in unirradiated and irradiated beef, pork and veal was developed by use of chloroform-methanol-water extraction, solid-phase extraction, column separation, thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. This method recovered 78-88% of the cholesterol oxidation products and detected the cholesterol oxidation products at 10 ppb or higher. Irradiation of the meats to a dose of 10 kGy increased these compounds, except 4,6-cholestadien-3-one for all three types of meat, over unirradiated, and except cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide and 4-cholesten-3-one for the pork. All the cholesterol oxidation products in the unirradiated meats increased during storage at 0-4-degrees-C for 2 wk with some exceptions for the pork. The increases of cholesterol oxidation products in stored irradiated meats were greater than those in the unirradiated. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1007/BF02552709 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY242 UT WOS:A1993KY24200008 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE FOGLIA, TA FEAIRHELLER, SH AF SONNET, PE FOGLIA, TA FEAIRHELLER, SH TI FATTY-ACID SELECTIVITY OF LIPASES - ERUCIC-ACID FROM RAPESEED OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE EURCIC ACID; FATTY ACID SELECTIVITY; LIPASES ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; ENZYMATIC FRACTIONATION; ENRICHMENT AB The fatty acid selectivity of several commercial lipases was evaluated in the hydrolysis of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEARO). The lipase of Pseudomonas cepacia catalyzed virtually complete hydrolysis of the oil (94-97%), while that, of Geotrichum candidum discriminated strongly against erucic acid, especially in esterification. A two-step process is suggested for obtaining a highly enriched erucic acid in which the G. candidum lipase is employed to selectively esterify the fatty acid residues of unsaturated C-18, and shorter chain acids, from a mixture of HEARO fatty acids obtained from total hydrolysis of the oil with P. cepacia lipase. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1007/BF02552712 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY242 UT WOS:A1993KY24200011 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G WEISLEDER, D BAGBY, MO PETERSON, RE AF KNOTHE, G WEISLEDER, D BAGBY, MO PETERSON, RE TI HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS THROUGH HYDROXYLATION OF OLEIC-ACID WITH SELENIUM DIOXIDELTERT-BUTYLHYDROPEROXIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALLYLIC HYDROXYLATION; HYDRAZINE; HYDROGENATION; HYDROXY FATTY ACID; SELENIUM DIOXIDE; TERT-BUTYLHYDROPEROXIDE ID C-13 NMR-SPECTRA; OXIDATION; OLEFINS AB Oleic acid was hydroxylated in the allylic positions with the selenium dioxide/tert.-butylhydroperoxide system to give 8-hydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 11-hydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid and the novel 8,11-dihydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid. This is a viable method for obtaining hydroxy fatty acids. The unsaturated hydroxy acids were hydrogenated with the hydrazine/air system to give the corresponding saturated products. 8,11-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid thus obtained is also a novel compound. 'rhe saturated and unsaturated dihydroxy products were obtained as erythro/threo isomers as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. C1 OIL CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT,PEORIA,IL 61604. BIOACT CONSTITUENTS,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP KNOTHE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1007/BF02552714 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY242 UT WOS:A1993KY24200013 ER PT J AU KONISHI, H NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL AF KONISHI, H NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL TI CHEMICAL INTERESTERIFICATION WITH REGIOSELECTIVITY FOR EDIBLE OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE INTERESTERIFICATION; METHYL STEARATE; REGIOSELECTIVITY; SODIUM METHOXIDE; SOYBEAN OIL ID VEGETABLE-OILS AB Chemical interesterification reaction conditions that provide regioselectivity regarding fatty acid positions in triacylglycerol have been investigated. Sodium meth oxide-catalyzed ester interchange between soybean oil and methyl stearate was performed in hexane at low reaction temperature, i.e., 30 to 60-degrees-C. The results showed regioselectivity was obtained at 30-degrees-C. The ester interchange at 1,3-carbons progressed 1.7 times faster than at 2-carbon of the glycerol moiety of triacylglycerol at 24 h. Preheating of the mixture of reactant and catalyst at 60-degrees-C for 15 min promoted catalyst activation to accelerate the interesterification while maintaining regioselectivity. This method is believed to be feasible for modification of edible fats and oils. C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1007/BF02552716 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY242 UT WOS:A1993KY24200015 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, SL KING, JW LIST, GR AF TAYLOR, SL KING, JW LIST, GR TI DETERMINATION OF OIL CONTENT IN OILSEEDS BY ANALYTICAL SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE OIL CONTENT ANALYSIS; OILSEEDS; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FATTY-ACIDS; SOYBEANS; CO2; MOISTURE; PROTEIN; WATER; SEED AB The total oil content of soyflakes, canola seed and wet milled corn germ were determined by analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide as the extraction solvent. Results obtained by SFE were in cellent agreement with those obtained by a conventional Soxhlet technique with organic solvents. The analytical-scale SFE technique yielded average means within one standard deviation of the means derived from the organic solvent-based methodology. Matrices containing both high and low oil content were successfully extracted with carbon dioxide at comparable precision to that obtained with the standard procedure. The supercritical fluid-based technique appears to be a suitable replacement for traditional extraction methods with organic solvents, thereby potentially eliminating the costs associated with solvent disposal and exposure of laboratory personnel to toxic and flammable solvents. RP TAYLOR, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1007/BF02552721 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KY242 UT WOS:A1993KY24200020 ER PT J AU THOENES, SC AF THOENES, SC TI FATAL ATTRACTION OF CERTAIN LARGE-BODIED NATIVE BEES TO HONEY-BEE COLONIES SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Two species of large-bodied native bees (Bombus sonorus and Xylocopa californica) were found to be attracted to honey bee colonies placed in the native bees' local environment. The bumble bees and carpenter bees were attacked en masse by the honey bees and killed. A total of 147 worker bumble bees and 5 female carpenter bees were collected in dead bee traps attached to the front of the honey bee colonies. Thus the presence of honey bee colonies can negatively impact native bee populations by weakening colonies to a vulnerable point or by eliminating potential reproductives. RP THOENES, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 210 EP 213 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF538 UT WOS:A1993MF53800010 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR BUCHMANN, SL AF HAGLER, JR BUCHMANN, SL TI HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) FORAGING RESPONSES TO PHENOLIC-RICH NECTARS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALLIES; ALOES AB We determined honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) responses to five phenolic-rich aqueous solutions presented in an artificial flower feeder. Low concentrations of caffeic acid and genistic acid in 30% sucrose were preferred over a sucrose control. High concentrations of the acids inhibited imbibition. Phenolic-rich solutions made from aloe (Aloe littoralis) nectar, almond (Prunus dulcis) honey, or salt cedar (Tamarix pentrandra) honey deterred collection. Our results suggest that phenolics may affect honey bee imbibition behavior by functioning as a strong repellent or deterrent. C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 16 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF538 UT WOS:A1993MF53800012 ER PT J AU REUTER, KC FOSTER, RN JECH, LE WALGENBACH, DD WALGENBACH, DR ROLAND, TJ AF REUTER, KC FOSTER, RN JECH, LE WALGENBACH, DD WALGENBACH, DR ROLAND, TJ TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF A REDUCED RATE OF CARBARYL SPRAY ON RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A modified formulation of carbaryl insecticide was aerially applied to contiguous 65-ha plots of rangeland in South Dakota in 1989. The application rate contained 25% less active ingredient than the standard formulation used in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) rangeland grasshopper program. The experimental plan was a four-replicate randomized block design with the experimental plots grouped by pretreatment grasshopper densities. Reduced rates of application resulted in control statistically equal to the standard carbaryl rate. Within 7 days of treatment, grasshopper populations were reduced by 95% or more for each of the treatments. The four dominant grasshopper species, comprising 81.5% of the overall population, were each significantly reduced by all of the treatments after one week. RP REUTER, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHOENIX METHODS DEV CTR,4125 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF538 UT WOS:A1993MF53800013 ER PT J AU BATRA, SWT AF BATRA, SWT TI MALE-FERTILE POTATO FLOWERS ARE SELECTIVELY BUZZ-POLLINATED ONLY BY BOMBUS-TERRICOLA KIRBY IN UPSTATE NEW-YORK SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID BEES AB Bombus terricola was the only pollinator of certified seed potatoes at four locations in the northern Adirondack Mountains, although seven other bumble bee species were present. Varieties yielding stainable, fertile pollen were preferred. Foragers sonicated 12-21 flowers per minute. Potatoes are also pollinated exclusively by bumble bees in central Europe, the Andes, the Himalayas, and the North American Great Lakes region. The conservation and management of selected bumble bee species are recommended, to ensure cross-pollination in potato fields. RP BATRA, SWT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 252 EP 254 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF538 UT WOS:A1993MF53800017 ER PT J AU CLEMENT, SL LESTER, DG STOUT, DM AF CLEMENT, SL LESTER, DG STOUT, DM TI COLONIZATION OF GRASS GERMPLASM NURSERIES BY DIURAPHIS-NOXIA (MORDVILKO) (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID WHEAT; RESISTANCE AB Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), colonized grass germplasm nurseries maintained by the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) in southeastern Washington. Although most accessions exhibited little or no RWA-induced damage, 22 accessions in the genera Agropyron, Elytrigia, Leymus, Rostraria, Stipa, and Heteranthelium required an application of a foliar insecticide (dimethoate) to suppress damaging RWA populations. This study demonstrated that seed-regeneration protocol at WRPIS should include routine surveys of grass nurseries to detect germplasm at risk to colonization and damage by RWA. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CLEMENT, SL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 254 EP 256 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF538 UT WOS:A1993MF53800018 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC MEYER, RF GRUBMAN, MJ AF BROWN, CC MEYER, RF GRUBMAN, MJ TI USE OF A DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED RNA PROBE TO DETECT ALL 24 SEROTYPES OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS IN CELL-CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB A digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe, corresponding to the section of the bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 17 genome coding for nonstructural protein-1 (NS1), was applied to noninfected cell cultures and cell cultures infected with 24 different serotypes of BTV, 2 serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus type 4. The probe hybridized to all cell cultures infected with the various BTV serotypes but did not hybridize to noninfected cell cultures or cell cultures infected with any of the other orbiviruses. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,SCI & TECHNOL SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1993 VL 5 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LB689 UT WOS:A1993LB68900005 PM 8389596 ER PT J AU KWANG, J KEEN, J CUTLIP, RC LITTLEDIKE, ET AF KWANG, J KEEN, J CUTLIP, RC LITTLEDIKE, ET TI EVALUATION OF AN ELISA FOR DETECTION OF OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA ANTIBODIES USING A RECOMBINANT TRANSMEMBRANE ENVELOPE PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a recombinant protein corresponding to the N'-terminal hydrophilic region of transmembrane glycoprotein (TM) of ovine lentivirus. This assay reproducibly detected antibodies in sera from 207 of 212 ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus-infected sheep, and the recombinant TM ELISA accurately identified 26% (35 vs. 9) more seropositive samples than did the agar gel immunodiffusion test when applied to 100 sera from an infected flock. This assay also yielded no false-positive results in 14 true negative sera. Results of these experiments were further confirmed by the recombinant TM and recombinant p25 Western blot assay. A single recombinant TM antigen, as the coating antigen in ELISA, can be used successfully for the detection of OPP virus-infected animals and can improve the sensitivity and specificity for OPP diagnosis. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1993 VL 5 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LB689 UT WOS:A1993LB68900010 PM 8507695 ER PT J AU LEHMKUHL, JF RAPHAEL, MG AF LEHMKUHL, JF RAPHAEL, MG TI HABITAT PATTERN AROUND NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL LOCATIONS ON THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; OLD-GROWTH; OREGON; RANGE; NESTS AB We compared owl habitat pattern around northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) locations with owl habitat pattern around random locations and in owl home ranges to assess the impact of habitat fragmentation on owl habitat selection and reproductive performance. Owls were located at 78 sites, and their reproductive status determined by standard call-survey protocol on the Olympic National Forest (ONF), Washington. Owl locations and 100 random locations were mapped across the ONF on owl habitat maps. Habitat pattern attributes were measured in concentric circles of 813; 3,253; and 7,320 ha around each owl and random location. Owl habitat pattern in 6 home ranges of owl pairs also was measured. Values of most pattern attributes in random circles differed (P < 0.05) with circle size, or measurement scale, Owl habitat area was greater and some attributes of fragmentation lower in circular areas around owl locations than around random circles (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Pattern did not differ in areas around single versus paired owls. Owl habitat pattern in home ranges was comparable to that in paired 3,253-ha owl circles. Principal components analysis of habitat pattern in 3,253-ha areas around owl locations showed that owl habitat area and variation in patch sizes accounted for 52% of the variation in habitat pattern. We suggest the percentage of area in owl habitat, an isolation index, and the CV of patch area are useful measures of owl habitat pattern in spotted owl home ranges. Our results support the use of circular areas on the order of 3,200 ha for assessment of northern spotted owl habitat on the Olympic Peninsula. RP LEHMKUHL, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERVICE,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2 BP 302 EP 315 DI 10.2307/3809427 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LA012 UT WOS:A1993LA01200014 ER PT J AU BULL, EL HOLTHAUSEN, RS AF BULL, EL HOLTHAUSEN, RS TI HABITAT USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PILEATED WOODPECKERS IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We determined home range size and habitats used by pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) to provide essential information for proper management of the species in northeastern Oregon. Twenty-three pileated woodpeckers fitted with transmitters were followed for 5-10 months (Jun-Mar) during 1989-90. Mated pairs (n = 7) ranged over smaller areas (xBAR = 407 ha) than birds (xBAR = 597 ha) whose mates had died (n = 9). Habitat use within home ranges was not random. Stands with old growth, grand fir (Abies grandis), no logging, and greater-than-or-equal-to 60% canopy closure were used more (P < 0.01) than expected, and all other types of stands were used less than expected. From June until March, 38% of the observations of foraging were on downed logs, 38% on dead trees, 18% on live trees, and 6% on stumps. We recommend that management for pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon include increasing density of snags for nesting and foraging, increasing density of downed logs in foraging areas, and increasing management areas from the existing 121 ha to 364 ha of forest. Within these areas, we recommend that 75% be in grand fir forest type; 25% be old growth; and the remainder be mature stands; at least 50% have greater-than-or-equal-to 60% canopy closure; and at least 40% be unlogged with the remainder in mature stands. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP BULL, EL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.2307/3809431 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LA012 UT WOS:A1993LA01200018 ER PT J AU SAKAI, HF NOON, BR AF SAKAI, HF NOON, BR TI DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRAT ABUNDANCE IN DIFFERENT-AGED FORESTS IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS AB Because dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) are important prey species of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), we estimated their abundance in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)/tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora) forests of different ages in northwestern California. We surveyed and trapped woodrats in 6-8 stands in each of 5 seral stages during the summers of 1988-90. We used belt transects to compute nest density, and livetrapped at nest sites to estimate woodrat numbers per nest. Combining these 2 sources of information provided an estimate of woodrat densities, which were highest in sapling/brushy poletimber stands, followed by seedling/shrub and large old-growth stands. Woodrats were not found in small sawtimber stands and rarely occurred in large sawtimber stands. Because of within- and among-stand heterogeneity in woodrat abundance, the combined method may provide a more reliable estimate of woodrat abundance within a seral stage than live trapping on a grid. Because woodrats cross ecotonal boundaries, sapling/brushy poletimber stands adjacent to mature and old-growth Douglas-fir/tanoak forests may be source areas for woodrats preyed upon by northern spotted owls. Our data suggest that adopting specific silvicultural procedures that provide source areas for woodrats adjacent to suitable spotted owl habitat may directly benefit spotted owl populations; we recommend that specific hypotheses regarding these procedures be tested. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.2307/3809436 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LA012 UT WOS:A1993LA01200023 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, TD GARDNER, HW AF SIMPSON, TD GARDNER, HW TI CONVERSION OF 13(S)-HYDROPEROXY-9(Z),11(E)-OCTADECADIENOIC ACID TO THE CORRESPONDING HYDROXY FATTY-ACID BY KOH - A KINETIC-STUDY SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; SINGLET OXYGEN; LINOLEIC-ACID; CORIOLIC ACID; HYDROPEROXIDE; GENERATION AB Transformation of 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HPOD) to 13(S)-hydroxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HOD) under alkaline conditions (0.05 to 5 M KOH) occurred first-order with respect to 13S-HPOD concentration. Overall yield was about 80%. The energy of activation at higher concentrations (3.75 to 5 M KOH) was determined to be in the range of 15.3 to 15.6 kcal. Compared to the 13S-HPOD conversion, 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13S-HPOT) was converted at a faster rate to the corresponding hydroxy fatty acid (13S-HOT), with the reaction also being first-order. Chiral phase high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that in the transformation the stereochemistry of both the 13S-HPOD and 13S-HPOT reactants was preserved. Manometric analyses of the KOH/13S-HPOD reaction showed an uptake of gas, which amounted to 11% of the mols of reactant 13S-HPOD on the assumption that the gas was O2. As there is a theoretical loss of 1 oxygen atom in the reaction, the fate of this oxygen (possibly via active oxygen species) may involve reaction with 13S-HPOD/13SHOD to form the 20% by-products. RP SIMPSON, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1007/BF02536318 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KW586 UT WOS:A1993KW58600010 ER PT J AU RALPH, J AF RALPH, J TI H-1-NMR OF ACETYLATED BETA-ETHER BETA-ETHER LIGNIN MODEL TRIMERS SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TOCSY; J-RESOLVED; BETA-ARYL ETHER; LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS; STEREOISOMERS; TRIMER; RELAYED COHERENCE TRANSFER ID THREO FORMS; COHERENCE TRANSFER; ERYTHRO RATIOS; GUAIACYL ETHER; SPECTROSCOPY; STEREOCHEMISTRY AB Detailed examination of the H-1 NMR spectra of acetylated beta-ether/beta-ether lignin model trimers, particularly those synthesized with partially defined stereochemistry, revealed that all of the eight chemically distinct isomers (sixteen optical isomers from four optical centers) are detectable. These compounds provide excellent models for both internal (etherified) and terminal (free-phenolic) units in lignin and clearly delineate the chemical shifts for each isomer. High-field two-dimensional TOCSY or relayed coherence transfer NMR experiments allow correlation of all the side-chain protons in each isomer, while J-resolved experiments clearly show the presence of all expected isomers. The degree of complexity already encountered with these simple compounds points to the overwhelming improbability of finding even small crystalline regions in lignin. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-1581 EI 1097-458X J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1002/mrc.1260310409 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA KY332 UT WOS:A1993KY33200008 ER PT J AU INGHAM, LD HANNA, WW BAIER, JW HANNAH, LC AF INGHAM, LD HANNA, WW BAIER, JW HANNAH, LC TI ORIGIN OF THE MAIN CLASS OF REPETITIVE DNA WITHIN SELECTED PENNISETUM SPECIES SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TANDEMLY ARRAYED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; KPNL FAMILIES; SUBREPEATS; PROGENITOR ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; SATELLITE DNA; PEARL-MILLET; KNOB HETEROCHROMATIN; GENE POOL; SEQUENCES; HYBRIDS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB In an attempt to identify relationships among genomes of the allotetraploid Pennisetum purpureum Schumach and closely related Pennisetum species with which it can be successfully hybridized, repetitive DNA sequences were examined. Digestion with KpnI revealed two highly repetitive fragments of 140 bp and 160 bp. The possibility that these sequences could be used as genome markers was investigated. Average sequences were determined for the 140 bp and 160 bp KpnI families from P. purpureum and P. squamulatum Fresen. Average sequences (based upon four or five repeats) were determined for the P. glaucum (L.) R. Br. 140 bp KpnI family and the diploid P. hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud. 160 bp KpnI family. The average sequences of the 160 bp KpnI families in P. purpureum and P. squamulatum differ by only nine bases. The 140 bp KpnI families of the three related species, P. purpureum, P. squamulantum, and P. glaucum are nearly identical, and thus likely represent a recent divergence from a common progenitor or a common genome. Each repetitive sequence may contain internal duplications, which probably diverged following amplification of the original sequence. The 140 bp KpnI repeat probably evolved from the 160 bp KpnI repeat since the missing 18 bp segment is part of the internal duplication that is otherwise conserved in the subrepeats. Tandemly arrayed repetitive sequences in plants are likely to be composed of subrepeats which have been duplicated and amplified. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,PROGRAM PLANT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,FIFIELD HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD APR PY 1993 VL 238 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1007/BF00291993 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LB070 UT WOS:A1993LB07000006 PM 8492802 ER PT J AU BAIRD, RE SUMMER, DR MULLINIX, BG DOWLER, CC PHATAK, SC JOHNSON, AW CHALFANT, RB GAY, JD CHANDLER, LD BAKER, SH AF BAIRD, RE SUMMER, DR MULLINIX, BG DOWLER, CC PHATAK, SC JOHNSON, AW CHALFANT, RB GAY, JD CHANDLER, LD BAKER, SH TI OCCURRENCE OF FLESHY FUNGI FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURE; BIOCONTROL; RESIDUE; SAPROPHYTES AB Thirteen species of fleshy fungi were identified from two agricultural fields during the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons at the Rural Development Center (RDC) and Horticulture Farm, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia. The three most common fungi were Coprinus plicatilis, Cyathus olla, and Panaeolina foenisecii. At the former site, residue management practices were established for evaluating crop production and at the Horticulture Farm different crops were grown with conservation tillage employing a Low Input Sustainable Vegetable Production system. Tillage treatments at the RDC were no-till, row-till, ridge-plant, and moldboard-plowing. Residue management of triticale included burning or cutting the stubble at a height of 20 or 60 cm at harvest. At the Horticulture Farm, seven winter cover crops were compared to a fallow control. No significant differences were shown between observations of fungal species and individual treatments at the Horticulture Farm during 1989 and 1990. However, there were treatment differences for observed fungi at the RDC farm on specific dates for both years. Furthermore, no individual treatment(s) during the investigation increased observation rates of specific fungal species. Non-burned debris treatments showed consistently higher populations and diversity of fungi than burn debris plots. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BAIRD, RE (reprint author), SW PURDUE AGR PROGRAM,RR 6,VINCENNES,IN, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD APR PY 1993 VL 122 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1007/BF01103706 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LF630 UT WOS:A1993LF63000005 ER PT J AU ALVAREZ, IF PARLADE, J TRAPPE, JM CASTELLANO, MA AF ALVAREZ, IF PARLADE, J TRAPPE, JM CASTELLANO, MA TI HYPOGEOUS MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI OF SPAIN SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCOTINA; BASIDIOMYCOTINA; TRUFFLE; ECTOMYCORRHIZA; ELAPHOMYCES; GLOMUS; HYMENOGASTER; HYSTERANGIUM; LOCULOTUBER; RHIZOPOGON; TUBER ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; SMALL MAMMALS; OREGON; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; INOCULATION; FORESTS; STAND AB Although scientific study of hypogeous fungi in Spain began early in this century, our collections over five years (specially in the northern area of the Iberian Peninsula) produced 18 new species records, including two new species and one new genus. This paper includes first reports in Spain for Elaphomyces muricatus, Glomus macrocarpum, Hymenogaster sp., Hymenogaster albus, H. muticus, H. niveus, H. tener, Hysterangium clathroides, H. gardneri, Loculotuber gennadi, Rhizopogon subareolatus, R. ventricisporus, Tuber gennadii, T. levissimum, T. maculatum, T. malenconii and T. multimaculatum. Information on previously reported species is expanded to other geographical areas. The updated relation of Spanish hypogeous fungi and its ecological significance in the forests of northern Spain are discussed. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI & BOT PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP ALVAREZ, IF (reprint author), CTR CABRILS,INST RECERCA & TECNOL AGROALIMENTARIES,DEPT PATOL VEGETAL,E-08348 CABRILS,SPAIN. RI Parlade, Javier/G-8304-2015 OI Parlade, Javier/0000-0002-0867-3280 NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 47 BP 201 EP 217 PG 17 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LJ151 UT WOS:A1993LJ15100018 ER PT J AU NOWACKI, GJ TRIANOSKY, PA AF NOWACKI, GJ TRIANOSKY, PA TI LITERATURE ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS OF EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Seven hundred and forty-nine literature citations pertaining to old-growth forests in eastern North America are listed alphabetically by author. Numbered citations are cross-referenced with broadly defined forest types and selected old-growth sites. RP NOWACKI, GJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REG 10,POB 21628,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 87 EP 107 PG 21 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA LF424 UT WOS:A1993LF42400002 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA AF LIVINGSTON, DP CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA TI STRUCTURE AND QUANTITY OF FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS IN OAT (AVENA SPP) SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON FRUCTAN CY JUL, 1992 CL ABERYSTWYTH, WALES DE OAT (AVENA SPP); FRUCTAN OLIGOMER; 1-KESTOSE; 6-KESTOSE; NEOKESTOSE; REVERSED PHASE HPLC ID COOL TEMPERATURES; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; FOLIAGE; FESTUCA; LOLIUM; PLANTS AB Fructan in oat had previously been separated and quantified according to size class. To determine structure, fructan oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-5 were separated and purified by HPLC using a combination of ion exchange and reversed-phase chromatography. Linkage analysis was performed on purified oligomers using gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy of partially methylated alditol acetates. DP 3 isomers consisted predominantly of 1-kestose and neokestose. Three DP 4 isomers were based on neokestose and one of the 3 isomers contained 2,6-linkages. In addition, the seven DP 5 isomers purified were also based on neokestose with two isomers containing 2,6-linkages exclusively, three with 1,2-linkages exclusively and two with both 2,6-and 2,1-linkages. A fructan fraction obtained by ethanol precipitation had an average DP of 12.3 and consisted exclusively of neokestose-based isomers with 2,6-linkages and no branching. Standard curves were obtained with the 13 purified oligomers and the curves were used to quantify oligomers in 49 oat accessions from five species. On a fresh weight basis the fructo-oligomer in highest concentration in all but 3 of the accessions was 6G,6-kestotetraose (F2-6F2-6G1-2F). C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP LIVINGSTON, DP (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 123 IS 4 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03783.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LE535 UT WOS:A1993LE53500010 ER PT J AU HEAGLE, AS MILLER, JE SHERRILL, DE RAWLINGS, JO AF HEAGLE, AS MILLER, JE SHERRILL, DE RAWLINGS, JO TI EFFECTS OF OZONE AND CARBON-DIOXIDE MIXTURES ON 2 CLONES OF WHITE CLOVER SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE OZONE STRESS; CARBON DIOXIDE EFFECTS; AIR POLLUTION; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS (WHITE CLOVER) ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; MANAGED MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; TALL FESCUE PASTURE; LOLIUM-PERENNE L; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; LADINO CLOVER; ASSESSING IMPACTS; ELEVATED CO2; WATER-USE; GROWTH AB The effects of mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and physiology of an O3-sensitive (NC-S) and an O3-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were determined. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse with O3 treatments of 5 and 82 nl l-1 (ppb) for 6 h d-1 and CO2 treatments of 380 (ambient), 490,600, and 710 mul l-1 (ppm) for 24 h d-1. Enrichment with CO2 decreased foliar gas exchange (measured as stomatal resistance) of NC-R more than that of NC-S whereas O3 decreased gas exchange of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Ozone caused extensive foliar injury of NC-S but caused only slight injury of NC-R. CO2 enrichment suppressed O3-induced foliar injury of NC-S as measured after 4 wk of exposure, but this effect diminished after 8 wk of exposure. CO2 enrichment decreased the relative chlorophyll content (mug of chlorophyll mg-1 of leaf tissue sampled) but not the total chlorophyll (total chlorophyll in the leaves sampled). There were no O3 x CO2 interactions for foliar chlorophyll. High concentrations of CO2 caused reddening of new leaves near the end of the 8 wk exposure period. CO2 enrichment decreased foliar concentrations of N, P, K, S, Cu, B, and Fe, increased foliar concentrations of Mn, but did not affect Zn, Ca, or Mg. Ozone exposure did not modify the CO2 effects on foliar nutrient concentration. Ozone decreased growth of NC-S but not NC-R while CO2 enrichment stimulated growth of both clones. The highest CO2 concentration appeared to decrease the effects of O3 on growth of NC-S. However, except for a transitory effect on foliar injury, there was no evidence that CO2, at concentrations less than the highest used in this study, will protect white clover from the effects of tropospheric O3. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HEAGLE, AS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 39 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 123 IS 4 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03786.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LE535 UT WOS:A1993LE53500013 ER PT J AU SALBE, AD HILL, CH VEILLON, C HOWE, M LONGNECKER, MP TAYLOR, PR LEVANDER, OA AF SALBE, AD HILL, CH VEILLON, C HOWE, M LONGNECKER, MP TAYLOR, PR LEVANDER, OA TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM SOMATOMEDIN-C LEVELS AND TISSUE SELENIUM CONTENT AMONG ADULTS LIVING IN A SELENIFEROUS AREA SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SOMATOMEDIN-C; SELENIUM STATUS; SELENIUM TOXICITY; TISSUE SELENIUM LEVELS; HUMANS ID DIETARY SELENIUM; BLOOD; TOENAILS AB Depressed serum somatomedin C levels have been suggested by others as an early indicator of selenium (Se) toxicity. In both human and animal studies, somatomedin C levels were lower in Se supplemented as compared to control subjects. The present study examined Se and somatomedin C levels in 44 adult long-term residents of seleniferous areas in South Dakota. Serum Se (SSe) and whole blood Se (WBSe) levels were analyzed by GC/MS. Toenail Se (TSe) was measured by neutron activation analysis. Somatomedin C was analyzed by RIA assay. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the following criteria: group I, SSe < 200, WBSe <320 ng/ml; group II, SSe 201-240, WBSe 321-400 ng/ml; group III, SSe >240, WBSe >400 ng/ml. Data were pooled across gender (20 males, 24 females). Somatomedin C levels were not different despite greater than 50% differences in SSe, WBSe, and TSe levels among the groups. In these subjects, somatomedin C was not a sensitive index of elevated Se exposure. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT POULTRY SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27650 USA. S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL, RAPID CITY, SD 57702 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. NCI, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80704-3 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KW064 UT WOS:A1993KW06400004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HL VANLOAN, MD BELKO, AZ BARBIERI, TF MAYCLIN, PL VIRK, SPS AF JOHNSON, HL VANLOAN, MD BELKO, AZ BARBIERI, TF MAYCLIN, PL VIRK, SPS TI CHANGES IN HUMAN-BODY COMPOSITION DURING CALORIE RESTRICTION WITH 2 LEVELS OF PROTEIN SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WEIGHT LOSS; LEAN BODY MASS; FAT MASS; TOTAL BODY WATER; EXTRACELLULAR FLUID; OBESE WOMEN ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OBESE PATIENTS; METABOLIC-RATE; VALIDATION; MASS AB Four women (140-160% of ideal weight, 32-42 yr old) were monitored for 6 weeks of weight maintenance, 12 weeks of calorie restriction (1000-1200 kcal/day) and 6 weeks of maintaining reduced body weights. To observe the effects of dietary protein levels in the weight reducing diet upon changes in body composition and energy stores, the restriction diet of two women was reduced 50% for all macronutrients while that of the remaining two women was reduced about 60% in fat and carbohydrate while maintaining the protein intake at the prerestriction level. Body composition changes were monitored with bioelectrical analyzers as well as the traditional density and deuterium dilution techniques. Maintaining daily protein intakes at the prerestriction quantities did not affect lean body tissue losses nor body weight losses, 9.6 to 19.0 kg/person for the study. Minimal changes in resting metabolic rates were consistent with minimal changes in lean body mass. The total body electrical conductivity instrument (TOBEC)3 and the underwater weighing-density method yielded similar body composition changes during weight loss. RP JOHNSON, HL (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80705-5 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KW064 UT WOS:A1993KW06400005 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN AF MEYDANI, SN TI VITAMIN MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION, THE AGING IMMUNE-RESPONSE, AND RISK OF INFECTION SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; MICRONUTRIENTS AB Immunological vigor declines with age, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In addition, the elderly are at greater risk for low intake of several vitamins and minerals known to influence the immune response. Recent studies have shown that supplementing the elderly with single nutrients or mixtures of vitamins and minerals at levels that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) significantly improves certain indices of the immune response. In one study, improved immune response was associated with decreased frequency of infectious diseases, indicating that nutrient-induced immunological improvement clinically enhances the health of the elderly. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 1993 VL 51 IS 4 BP 106 EP 115 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LB696 UT WOS:A1993LB69600003 PM 8515887 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, DC MCARTHUR, ED SANDERSON, SC TIEDEMANN, AR AF FREEMAN, DC MCARTHUR, ED SANDERSON, SC TIEDEMANN, AR TI THE INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON MALE AND FEMALE FITNESS COMPONENTS OF ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DIOECY; SEX ALLOCATION; PATCHY; ENVIRONMENTS ID SPINACIA-OLERACEA L; SHRUB OEMLERIA-CERASIFORMIS; DIOECIOUS PLANTS; SEX EXPRESSION; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; RATIO; CHENOPODIACEAE; ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; GENETICS AB The influence of environmental heterogeneity on components of male and female fitness is examined using Atriplex canescens growing on steep slopes and alluvium at the slope base as a model system. Female fitness is estimated as the grams of fruit produced per plant and the grams of fruit per gram leaf tissue. Male fitness is estimated as the grams of stamens produced, the number of pollen grains dispersed to a given distance, and the potential number of grams of fruit sired taking into consideration the number and distribution of mates and competing pollen donors. The influence of increased plant size on male and female fitness components, the cost of reproduction (as measured by biomass, joules and nitrogen) on a gross level and a per offspring basis are also examined. The results indicate that the female function is more limited on the slope than the male function. The efficiency of pollen dispersal (the number of pollen grains per unit donor plant volume dispersed to a given distance) is enhanced by growing on slopes. Males become less efficient at dispersing pollen as they increase in size, while the efficiency of female reproduction (grams of fruit per volume or gram leaf tissue) is unaffected by increasing plant size. The cost to a male of siring a gram of fruit is about the same as the cost to a female of producing the gram of fruit. Implications for the evolution of sexual lability and dioecy are discussed. C1 USDA, FOREST SERV, SHRUB SCI LAB, INTERMT RES STN, PROVO, UT 84606 USA. USDA, FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, LE GRANDE, OR 97850 USA. RP FREEMAN, DC (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 538 EP 547 DI 10.1007/BF00328963 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KW414 UT WOS:A1993KW41400012 PM 28313823 ER PT J AU FOGLIA, TA VAIL, PD AF FOGLIA, TA VAIL, PD TI AN EFFICIENT, LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS OF TRIISOPENTADECANOIN SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID WITTIG RP FOGLIA, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD APR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA LA937 UT WOS:A1993LA93700002 ER PT J AU KINGSOLVER, JM ROMERO, J JOHNSON, CD AF KINGSOLVER, JM ROMERO, J JOHNSON, CD TI FILES AND SCRAPERS - CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE FOR STRIDULATION IN 3 SPECIES OF AMBLYCERUS, ONE NEW (COLEOPTERA, BRUCHIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AMBLYCERUS; TAXONOMY; MEXICO; A-STRIDULATOR; A-POLLENS; A-EUSTROPHOIDES; BRUCHIDAE; STRIDULATION AB Amblycerus stridulator NEW SPECIES, A. pollens (Sharp) and A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer) have in common a fusiform node with transverse striations on the metepisternum and an apical tooth on the metafemur. The fusiform node (file) and the apical tooth (scraper) may be stridulatory organs. Similar structures in criocerine Chrysomelidae are discussed and compared to the bruchids. Amblycerus eustrophoides and A. pollens are redescribed. Amblycerus stridulator NEW SPECIES is described from Mexico. The species differ in the sclerites in the internal sac, patterns of pubescence, and the position of the fusiform node on the metepisternum. RP KINGSOLVER, JM (reprint author), USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,ROOM 1,BLDG 004,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 69 IS 2 BP 122 EP 132 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LY213 UT WOS:A1993LY21300003 ER PT J AU GRISWOLD, T AF GRISWOLD, T TI NEW SPECIES OF PERDITA-(PYGOPERDITA) TIMBERLAKE OF THE P-CALIFORNICA SPECIES GROUP (HYMENOPTERA, ANDRENIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANDRENIDAE; PERDITA; PAPAVERACEAE; ARGEMONE; ARCTOMECON AB Three new species of Perdita (Pygoperdita) of the P. californica group are described from the southwestern United States. Perdita meconis NEW SPECIES, from the Mojave Desert, is associated with two genera of Papaveraceae, Argemone and the endangered dwarf bearclaw poppy, Arctomecon humilis Coville. Perdita ute NEW SPECIES, from the San Rafael Desert of central Utah, is also associated with Argemone. The floral association of P. angellata NEW SPECIES, from the Colorado Plateau of northern Arizona, is unclear. A key to males is presented. RP GRISWOLD, T (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 69 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LY213 UT WOS:A1993LY21300011 ER PT J AU CONRAD, PA BARR, BC SVERLOW, KW ANDERSON, M DAFT, B KINDE, H DUBEY, JP MUNSON, L ARDANS, A AF CONRAD, PA BARR, BC SVERLOW, KW ANDERSON, M DAFT, B KINDE, H DUBEY, JP MUNSON, L ARDANS, A TI INVITRO ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEOSPORA-SP FROM ABORTED BOVINE FETUSES SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEOSPORA; TOXOPLASMA; HAMMONDIA; SARCOCYSTIS; ABORTION; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID CYST-FORMING SPOROZOON; PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CANINUM INFECTION; NEWBORN CALVES; DOGS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; TISSUE; CALF; APICOMPLEXA AB A Neospora sp. was isolated from the brains of two aborted bovine foctuses and grown continuously in vitro in bovine ce cultures. A comparison of the antigenic reactivity of in vitro cultivated tachyzoites with polyclonal antisera to Neospora caninum, Hammondia hammondi or Toxoplasma gondii revealed that the bovine protozoal isolates were similar to N. caninum and antigenically distinct from T. gondii. Tachyzoites of both bovine isolates had similar ultrastructural features, including an apical polar ring, conoid, electron-dense rhoptries and micronemes. The orientation of the micronemes, presence of micropores and a large number of electron-dense granules in the posterior portion of the bovine isolate tachyzoites differed from previous descriptions of N. caninum in vivo. Tachyzoites of the bovine isolates were ultrastructurally more similar to in vitro cultivated N. caninum tachyzoites than to tachyzoites of T. gondii or H. hammondi. The antigenic and ultrastructural similarities between N. caninum and the protozoal parasites isolated from aborted bovine foetuses in this study support the proposition that these parasites belong to the genus Neospora. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIFORNIA VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PATHOBIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP CONRAD, PA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 43 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD APR PY 1993 VL 106 BP 239 EP 249 PN 3 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KV792 UT WOS:A1993KV79200003 PM 8488061 ER PT J AU STREETT, DA HENRY, JE AF STREETT, DA HENRY, JE TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL-STUDY OF NOSEMA-ACRIDOPHAGUS HENRY (MICROSPORA, NOSEMATIDAE) FROM A GRASSHOPPER SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MITOSIS AB Nosema acridophagus in the fat body of the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes was investigated by electron microscopy. The stages observed were diplocaryotic throughout most of the life cycle and developed in direct contact with the host cytoplasm. The meront plasmalemma was covered by a layer of tubular elements that transversely encircled the parasite. These tubular elements were not evident when a homogeneous electron-dense exospore layer was deposited on the meront plasmalemma surface. Spores sectioned longitudinally were diplocaryotic, with an isofilar polar tube with 10 12 coils being observed in a single row. RP STREETT, DA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGLELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1007/BF00931887 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KX884 UT WOS:A1993KX88400001 ER PT J AU CONGALTON, RG GREEN, K TEPLY, J AF CONGALTON, RG GREEN, K TEPLY, J TI MAPPING OLD GROWTH FORESTS ON NATIONAL FOREST AND PARK LANDS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST FROM REMOTELY SENSED DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB This project incorporate the use of remotely sensed data to produce a cis database and map of old growth forest lands on National Forest and Park lands in Oregon and Washington. The GIS layers include slope, aspect, elevation, hydrology, location of research and inventory plots, crown closure, size class/stand structure, species, current vegetation type polygons, suitable spotted owl habitat, suitable lands for timber production, flight line maps, habitat conservation areas, forest boundaries, potential Pacific yew habitat, historical distribution of vegetation, and old growth. The mapping was performed using field measurements, aerial photography, and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data. Methods included (1) extensive field reconnaissance to determine the causes of variation in vegetation; (2) in depth spectral analysis to identify variation in the imagery, (3) integration of a geographic information system for image processing analysis and final products; and (4) detailed accuracy assessment using both photo and field reference data. C1 PACIFIC MERIDIAN RESOURCES,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REGION R6,PORTLAND,OR 97204. RP CONGALTON, RG (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 6 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KV867 UT WOS:A1993KV86700009 ER PT J AU ZISKA, LH BUNCE, JA AF ZISKA, LH BUNCE, JA TI INHIBITION OF WHOLE-PLANT RESPIRATION BY ELEVATED CO2 AS MODIFIED BY GROWTH TEMPERATURE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; DACTYLUS-GLOMERATA; ELEVATED CO2; GLOBAL CHANGE; GROWTH RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; TEMPERATURE ID DARK RESPIRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAINTENANCE; ENRICHMENT; SORGHUM; TREES; FIELD; CROP AB Plants of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and orchard grass (Dactylus glomerata) were grown in controlled environment chambers at two CO2 concentrations (350 and 700 mumol mol-1) and 4 constant day/night growth temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C for 50-90 days to determine changes in growth and whole plant CO2 efflux (dark respiration). To facilitate comparisons with other studies, respiration data were expressed on the basis of leaf area, dry weight and protein. Growth at elevated CO2 increased total plant biomass at all temperatures relative to ambient CO2, but the relative enhancement declined (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) as temperature increased. Whole plant respiration (R(d)) at elevated CO2 declined at 15 and 20-degrees-C in D. glomerata on an area, weight or protein basis and in M. sativa on a weight or protein basis when compared to ambient CO2. Separation of R(d) into respiration required for growth (R(g)) and maintenance (R(m)) showed a significant effect of elevated CO2 on both components. R(m) was reduced in both species but only at lower temperatures (15-degrees-C in M. sativa and 15 and 20-degrees-C in D. glomerata). The effect on R(m) could not be accounted for by protein content in either species. R(g) was also reduced with elevated CO2; however no particular effect of temperature was observed, i.e. R(g) was reduced at 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C in M. sativa and at 15 and 25-degrees-C in D. glomerata. For the two perennial species used in the present study, the data suggest that both R(g) and R(m) can be reduced by anticipated increases in atmospheric CO2; however, CO2 inhibition of total plant respiration may decline as a function of increasing temperature. RP ZISKA, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD APR PY 1993 VL 87 IS 4 BP 459 EP 466 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG825 UT WOS:A1993LG82500004 ER PT J AU SAFTNER, RA MARTIN, MN AF SAFTNER, RA MARTIN, MN TI TRANSPORT OF 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID INTO ISOLATED MAIZE MESOPHYLL VACUOLES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ETHYLENE; MAIZE; TRANSPORT; VACUOLES; ZEA-MAYS ID ETHYLENE-FORMING ENZYME; MEMBRANE-TRANSPORT; 1-(MALONYLAMINO)CYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; PISUM-SATIVUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; AMINO-ACIDS; OAT ROOTS; PROTOPLASTS; BARLEY; TONOPLAST AB Intracellular transport of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) can change the ACC concentration in cell compartments and impact ethylene biosynthesis. Transport of ACC into isolated maize (Zea mays L.) mesophyll vacuoles was studied by silicon layer flotation filtering. The transport of ACC across the tonoplast was stimulated 2.4- to 8.1-fold by 5 mM MgATP, showed saturation kinetics with an apparent K(m) for ACC of 20 muM, and was optimal at 25-degrees-C. Transport of ACC was sensitive to the pH of the medium, failing as external pH rose. Effectors known to inhibit proton-translocating ATPases (N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and to collapse the electrical (thiocyanate, valinomycin) and chemical (carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, gramicidin) potential gradients for protons across the tonoplast all reduced ACC transport. The nonhydrolyzable MgATP analog, Mg adenylyl-imidodiphosphate, stimulated ACC transport as effectively as MgATP. Other nucleotides (MgADP, MgCTP, MgUTP, MgGTP) and MgPP(i) had little or no effect. These results suggest that ACC uptake into isolated maize mesophyll vacuoles is carrier mediated, is dependent upon an electrochemical potential gradient for protons and is specifically regulated, but not necessarily energized, by MgATP. RP SAFTNER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD APR PY 1993 VL 87 IS 4 BP 535 EP 543 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG825 UT WOS:A1993LG82500014 ER PT J AU PRESSEY, R AF PRESSEY, R TI URONIC-ACID OXIDASE IN ORANGE FRUIT AND OTHER PLANT-TISSUES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-SINENSIS; RUTACEAE; ORANGE; URONIC ACID OXIDASE; PECTIN; OLIGOGALACTURONIDES; GALACTURONIC ACID ID POLYSACCHARIDE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS AB Uronic acid oxidase was found to be widely distributed in plants and present at relatively high levels in tissues such as squash and citrus fruits. The enzyme was extracted from orange peel, one of the richest sources, and purified by a procedure involving gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme is a flavoprotein with an M(r) of 62 x 10(3) and a pH optimum of ca 8.5 It oxidized galacturonic acid to galactaric acid in the presence of O2 with the production of H2O2. It also oxidized oligogalacturonides and polygalacturonic acid, with the rate of oxidation increasing with the degree of polymerization of the substrate. RP PRESSEY, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1375 EP 1379 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85141-D PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KX655 UT WOS:A1993KX65500003 ER PT J AU LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR BURTON, HR ANDERSEN, RA AF LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR BURTON, HR ANDERSEN, RA TI EFFECT OF DIURNAL SAMPLING ON THE HEADSPACE COMPOSITION OF DETACHED NICOTIANA-SUAVEOLENS FLOWERS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA-SUAVEOLENS; SOLANACEAE; FLOWER; HEADSPACE; DIURNAL; VOLATILE; PHENYLPROPANOID; MONOTERPENE; SESQUITERPENE ID SYLVESTRIS; COMPONENTS; VOLATILES AB Compounds emitted over a 24 hour sampling period by detached flowers of Nicotiana suaveolens were examined after collecting flowers at 12.00 and 24:00 hours (dark period 24:00-08:00 hours), entraining volatiles in air and trapping on Tenax. The yields were approximately 640 ng g-1 and 31 000 ng g-1 at 12:00 and 24:00 hours, respectively, and these differences were due largely to benzoic acid derivatives. This pattern of higher emission at ca 24:00 hours was consistent with the rhythms seen in an earlier study for in situ flowers. Several new compounds including phenylpropanoid-derivatives and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified in the headspace of flowers collected at 24:00 hours. A number of these phenylpropanoid-derived headspace components (e.g. E-cinnamyl aldehyde, benzyl salicylate), had been found previously in glycosidically-bound forms. C1 USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1419 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85149-L PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KX655 UT WOS:A1993KX65500011 ER PT J AU MILES, DH CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA KOKPOL, U AF MILES, DH CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA KOKPOL, U TI POTENTIAL AGROCHEMICALS FROM LEAVES OF WEDELIA-BIFLORA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE WEDELIA-BIFLORA; COMPOSITAE; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; ANTHONOMOUS-GRANDIS; 3,3'-DI-O-METHYLQUERCETIN; 2,7-DIHYDROXY-3(3'-METHOXY-4'-HYDROXY)-5-METHOXYISOFLAVONE; 3',7-DI-O-METHYLQUERCETIN ID OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES AB Four compounds, veratrylidenehydrazide, 3,3'-di-O-methylquercetin, 2,7-dihydroxy-3(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy)-5-methoxyisoflavone and 3',7-di-O-methylquercetin were isolated from the methylene chloride extract of dried leaves of Wedelia biflora. The structures were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence. The third compound possessed antifungal and boll weevil antifeedant activity while the fourth showed antifungal activity. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SCI LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NAT PROD UNIT CELL,BANGKOK 5,THAILAND. RP MILES, DH (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1427 EP 1429 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85152-H PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KX655 UT WOS:A1993KX65500014 ER PT J AU JONES, MJ DUNKLE, LD AF JONES, MJ DUNKLE, LD TI ANALYSIS OF COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM RACES BY PCR AMPLIFICATION WITH ARBITRARY AND GENE-SPECIFIC PRIMERS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIPOLARIS-ZEICOLA; HC-TOXIN; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; HELMINTHOSPORIUM LEAF SPOT OF MAIZE; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) ID HOST-SPECIFIC TOXIN; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; POLYMORPHIC DNA; CORN; MITOCHONDRIAL; PURIFICATION; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; FUNGI AB The pathogenic races of Cochliobolus carbonum cause necrotic lesions of characteristic sizes and shapes on maize leaves. To distinguish the races at the molecular level, isolates of C. carbonum races as well as other related species were analyzed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of genomic DNA using either arbitrary oligonucleotide primers or primers with homology to sequences within the Tox2 locus, which is essential for production of a host-specific toxin. Amplification products from isolates of the four pathogenic races of C. carbonum were very similar to each other and to those from species thought to be closely related but were substantially different from nonpathogenic race 0 and from most other species. One of the arbitrary primers tested distinguished isolates of C. carbonum race 3 by the absence of two amplification products present in the other pathogenic races. The patterns of amplification products from races 2 and 4 were indistinguishable with the primers tested, suggesting that the recently described race 4 is not substantially different from race 2. Primers from the Tox2 locus distinguished race 1 isolates from isolates of other races. Only isolates of race 1 contained a single amplification product of the expected length when these primers were used under stringent annealing conditions. The results indicate that PCR amplification with arbitrary primers or gene-specific primers is useful for differentiating the races of C carbonum and for examining their origins. RP JONES, MJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 41 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 366 EP 370 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-366 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY184 UT WOS:A1993KY18400003 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF TI INHERITANCE OF STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT CULTIVARS POSTULATED TO HAVE RESISTANCE GENES AT YR3 AND YR4 LOCI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENE INTERACTION; SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; YELLOW RUST AB It has been postulated that wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Cappelle Desprez, Druchamp, Hybrid 46, Minister, Nord Desprez, Stephens, Vilmorin 23, and Yamhill have genes for resistance to stripe rust at the Yr3 locus and/or the Yr4 locus. Seedlings of parents and F1 and F2 progeny from diallel crosses among the cultivars and of the eight cultivars crossed with Chinese 166 were tested for resistance to selected North American races of Puccinia striiformis. Seedlings of some BC1 progeny also were tested. Yamhill has three resistance genes; the other cultivars have two resistance genes. Common loci were not detected in crosses of Hybrid 46 with Druchamp, Minister, or Stephens nor in crosses of Yamhill with Stephens. Minister, Cappelle Desprez, Druchamp, Nord Desprez, and Stephens have resistance genes at the Yr3 locus, but the gene at the Yr3 locus in Minister is different from the genes at the Yr3 locus in the other cultivars. Hybrid 46, Vilmorin 23, and Yamhill have resistance genes at the Yr4 locus, but the gene in Hybrid 46 is different from the genes at the Yr4 locus in Vilmorin 23 and Yamhill. The second resistance gene in Hybrid 46 is not at the Yr3 locus. Based on these results: Yr2 is in Yamhill; Yr3a is in Cappelle Desprez, Druchamp, Stephens, and Nord Desprez; Yr3c is in Minister; Yr3b is not in Hybrid 46 as previously reported; Yr4a is in Cappelle Desprez, Vilmorin 23, and Yamhill; and Yr4b is in Hybrid 46. In addition, stripe rust resistance genes not named previously were detected in Druchamp, Stephens, Nord Desprez, Vilmorin 23, Yamhill, Minister, and Hybrid 46. These genes are designated provisionally as YrDru, YrSte, YrND, YrV23, YrYam, YrMin, and YrH46. Expression of dominance or recessiveness of resistance genes changed in many of the cultivars, depending on the race used in the test. Various epistatic interactions were observed also. Differences in resistance were observed in some reciprocal crosses, which suggests that there are maternal cytoplasmic effects on the expression of resistance by the genes. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 382 EP 388 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-382 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY184 UT WOS:A1993KY18400006 ER PT J AU DOUDRICK, RL NANCE, WL NELSON, CD SNOW, GA HAMELIN, RC AF DOUDRICK, RL NANCE, WL NELSON, CD SNOW, GA HAMELIN, RC TI DETECTION OF DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN A SINGLE UREDINIOSPORE-DERIVED CULTURE OF CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DIFFERENTIATION; ISOZYME; PINE; PCR AB PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with single, arbitrarily chosen primers was used to detect DNA polymorphisms among 34 sibling gametothalli (single-basidiospore hyphal cultures) and spermatia (single drops of pycniospores) derived from a single-urediniospore culture of the fusiform rust fungus, Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme. Ten single-basidiospore hyphal cultures were distinguished by comparing nine polymorphic segments produced by four primers. Polymorphisms also were detected between 24 single drops of pycniospores collected from four different galls and drops within the same gall, revealing that phenotypes of galls were all different, and some contained more than one phenotype. The possibility of the presence of more than one genotype between and within galls reinforces a belief that traditional experiments on the genetics of host-pathogen interactions between Pinus and C. q. fusiforme cannot be carried out using current methods of inoculation. The ability to identify genetic variation within a single urediniospore-derived culture of C q. fusiforme should benefit efforts to minimize heterogeneity in populations of basidiospores used in artificial inoculations. The polymorphisms can be applied in studies of population variation, used for genetic mapping, and used in resolving specifics of sexuality and the ploidy level of various stages of the life cycle. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT FORESTRY,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP DOUDRICK, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-388 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY184 UT WOS:A1993KY18400007 ER PT J AU SAYAMA, H SATO, T KOMINATO, M NATSUAKI, T KAPER, JM AF SAYAMA, H SATO, T KOMINATO, M NATSUAKI, T KAPER, JM TI FIELD TESTING OF A SATELLITE-CONTAINING ATTENUATED STRAIN OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS FOR TOMATO PROTECTION IN JAPAN SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL SATELLITE; SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY; MEDIATED PROTECTION; EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS; RNA; NECROSIS; DISEASE AB A potentially useful, attenuated cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), CMV-KO2, was isolated from a tomato field in Japan. The virus had an associated nonnecrogenic satellite RNA (SatRNA) containing 368 nucleotides with microsequence heterogeneity and a unique sequence in positions 79-87 compared to previously reported SatRNAs. Experimental infections in tomato plants showed that the concentration of CMV-KO2 was maintained stably at low levels, and it was not transmitted from tomato to tomato by Myzus persicae. A host-range study of 32 cultivars of 20 species from eight families showed that CMV-KO2, in general, caused either no symptoms or mild symptoms on those plants. No synergistic effect caused by mixed infections of CMV-KO2 and tobacco mosaic virus or potato virus Y was observed in tomato plants. Field tests during 1989 and 1990 revealed that tomato plants treated with CMV-KO2 had a 20-200% higher yield (20-40 t/ha) compared to nontreated plants in CMV-infested fields. Collectively, the results indicate that CMV-KO2 is useful and safe to use. C1 UTSUNOMIYA UNIV,FAC AGR,UTSUNOMIYA,TOCHIGI 321,JAPAN. USDA,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SAYAMA, H (reprint author), NIPPON DELMONTE CORP,R&D NUMATA,GUNMA 378,JAPAN. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-405 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY184 UT WOS:A1993KY18400010 ER PT J AU HUDELSON, BD CLAYTON, MK SMITH, KP UPPER, CD AF HUDELSON, BD CLAYTON, MK SMITH, KP UPPER, CD TI MODELING OF SUPERIMPOSED SPATIAL PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL BROWN SPOT OF SNAP BEAN SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADAPTIVE SAMPLING; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; GEOSTATISTICS AB Snap bean plants within seven-row segments that ranged from 30 to 108 m were sampled using a 2,4-systematic sampling plan: Two adjacent plants were sampled and evaluated for bacterial brown spot, four adjacent plants were skipped, two adjacent plants were sampled, etc. This sampling plan was developed using a priori knowledge of disease patterns in 5-m row segments. Every leaflet on every sampled plant was assessed for bacterial brown spot, and disease on these plants was quantified as the proportion of diseased leaflets per plant. Arcsine square root-transformed disease-incidence values were analyzed for spatial patterns using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling. Three of seven data sets were described by a generalized ARIMA(1 0 1) model. These data sets exhibited the expected patterns of disease, based on previous descriptions of disease patterns in 5-m row segments. Of the remaining four data sets, one was modeled by an ARIMA(1 0 2) model, two by an ARIMA(1 0 3) model, and one by an ARIMA(1 0 4) model. These data sets exhibited the expected patterns, as well as additional patterns that recurred at intervals of six to 11, 12 to 17, or 18 to 23 plants, respectively. Significant autocorrelations at distances of six to 23 plants were also found in residuals from 24 of 55 5-m row segments evaluated for bacterial brown spot and modeled using ARIMA models. These patterns appear to occur frequently in commercial snap bean fields. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HUDELSON, BD (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 430 EP 438 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-430 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY184 UT WOS:A1993KY18400014 ER PT J AU WELLS, JM BUTTERFIELD, JE REVEAR, LG AF WELLS, JM BUTTERFIELD, JE REVEAR, LG TI IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH POSTHARVEST DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY CELLULAR FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION - AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; SOFT ROTS; MARKETS; DIFFERENTIATION; CAROTOVORA; PRODUCE; STRAINS AB The cellular fatty acid composition of 190 bacterial strains representing six genera associated with postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables was statistically analyzed and was used as the basis of an expert system of identification. The expert system was built with off-the-shelf hardware and software, i.e., a commercially available, database management program and personal computer. The database included fatty acid profiles of Bacillus, Clostridium, Cytophaga, Xanthomonas, and the species: Erwinia amylovora, E. ananas, E. herbicola, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. chrysanthemi, E. rhapontici, Pseudomonas cepacia, P. gladioli, P. aeruginosa, P. cichorii, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. syringae, and P. viridiflava. A total of 78 fatty acids were detected by gas-liquid chromatography, and mean percentages (of the total) were analyzed statistically for each fatty acid and chemical class. Genera were differentiated by a class analysis. Clostridium had the highest mean percentage (63.90%) of saturated, straight-chain, even-carbon fatty acids (class A), significantly different from all genera except Erwinia (40.89%). Cytophaga was unique, with a high mean percentage (9.44%) of saturated, straight-chain, odd-carbon fatty acids (class B). Mean percentages for class C, saturated, straight-chain fatty acids, were significantly higher for Erwinia (42.11%) and Pseudomonas (fluorescent, tridium (16.31%), and Cytophaga (19.98%). In class D, hydroxy-substituted acids, mean percentages for Bacillus (1.06%) and Clostridium (2.28%) were significantly lower than for Cytophaga (11.00%) and the nonfluorescent pseudomonads (13.97%). In class E, saturated, branched-chain fatty acids, mean percentages for Erwinia and Pseudomonas were less than 1.5% compared to over 11% in other genera. In class F, unsaturated, branched-chain fatty acids, mean percentages for the pseudomonads were less than 0.2%, significantly lower than in any other genus. The ratio of class C to class D was useful in differentiating over 90% of the fluorescent pseudomonads (<3.5) from the nonfluorescent pseudomonads (>3.5). Of 61 fatty acids identified in Erwinia and Pseudomonas, the mean percentages of nine differed significantly in Erwinia species, and 23 differed significantly in the pseudomonads. ''Rules'' based on a profile of percentage ranges for each fatty acid and each class total differentiated each genus and species in the computer expert system. Fatty acid data from analyzed samples were compared with profile rules by a series of ''if/then'' (true/false) statements. The expert system correctly identified all strains in the database, with the exception of one strain of P. viridiflava that also matched the profile of P. syringae and one strain of E. rhapontici that also matched the profile of E. herbicola. The system also calculated a covariance factor for each strain, measuring its similarity to profiles of any selected group. RP WELLS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-445 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY184 UT WOS:A1993KY18400016 ER PT J AU RITCHEY, KD CARTER, TE AF RITCHEY, KD CARTER, TE TI EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF 2 NONNODULATED SOYBEAN GENOTYPES (GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR) IN RESPONSE TO SOIL ACIDITY SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM TOXICITY; EMERGENCE; GERMINATION; GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR; LIMING; SOYBEANS; TOLERANCE; TROPICS ID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE AB Toxic levels of extractable soil Al limit production of important crops in many areas of the world. The nature of the limitation in soybeans is not completely understood. Our objectives were to investigate the cause of acid-soil-induced delays in seedling emergence, the effect of acidity on productivity in non-nodulated soybeans and further test the Al tolerance of PI 416,937 compared to a sensitive control, Essex. Growth characteristics of the two genotypes through the flowering stage were measured on a Corozal clay (Aquic Tropudult) in Puerto Rico which had been differentially limed to provide a wide range of soil Al. Early growth was also studied in the laboratory using soil from the field experiment. Highly acidic soil conditions, coupled with high Al levels, reduced growth in both Essex and PI 416,937. The principal factor responsible for delayed emergence in the high Al soil was not delayed radicle initiation, but delayed initiation of hypocotyl elongation. Hypocotyl initiation was highly associated with rate of tap root growth, with the former possibly determined by the latter, because a minimum tap root length of 60 mm was required in both high and low Al soils before hypocotyl initiation commenced. In seedlings, the high acidity reduced root more than shoot growth. By 44 days after planting (DAP), however, soil acidity had reduced shoot growth greatly. Although the soybean plants were not nodulated, foliar N levels and shoot growth were decreased by high Al levels, indicating that interference with N fixation may not be the sole mechanism by which nitrogen accumulation and plant growth is reduced in the field. C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & NITROGEN FIXAT RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1993 VL 151 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1007/BF00016282 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LT139 UT WOS:A1993LT13900003 ER PT J AU BOTTOMLEY, PA ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA AF BOTTOMLEY, PA ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA TI NMR IMAGING OF ROOT WATER DISTRIBUTION IN INTACT VICIA-FABA L PLANTS IN ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Note DE VICIA-FABA L; BROAD BEAN; NMR IMAGING; ROOTS; WATER TRANSPORT; CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) EFFECTS; DRY CLIMATE ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT; INSITU AB The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on water distribution in the intact roots of Vicia faba L. bean seedlings grown in natural soil was studied noninvasively with proton (H-1) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Exposure of 24-d-old plants to atmospheric Co2-enriched air at 650 cm3 m-3 produced significant increases in water imaged in upper roots, hypogeal cotyledons and lower stems in response to a short-term drying-stress cycle. Above ground, drying produced negligible stem shrinkage and stomatal resistance was unchanged. In contrast, the same drying cycle caused significant depletion of water imaged in the same upper root structures in control plants subject to ambient CO2 (350 m3 m-3), and stem shrinkage and increased stomatal resistance. The results suggest that inhibition of transpiration caused by elevated CO2 does not necessarily result in attenuation of water transport from lower root structures. Inhibition of water loss from upper roots and lower stem in elevated CO2 environments may be a mitigating factor in assessing deleterious effects of greenhouse changes on crops during periods of dry climate. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP BOTTOMLEY, PA (reprint author), GE RES & DEV CTR,NMR130,SCHENECTADY,NY 12309, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00878.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX763 UT WOS:A1993KX76300013 ER PT J AU SNYDER, GW BELKNAP, WR AF SNYDER, GW BELKNAP, WR TI A MODIFIED METHOD FOR ROUTINE AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF INVITRO-GROWN POTATO MICROTUBERS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TUBER PROTEIN GENE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; FUSION MARKER; PATATIN GENE; T-DNA; TUMEFACIENS; EXPRESSION; CULTIVARS AB In vitro-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtubers were used as an explant source in the production of transgenic plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. In this study we tested four diverse potato cultivars, Lemhi Russet, Russet Burbank, Wauseon, and Yankee Chipper on various levels of zeatin riboside and 3-indoleacetyl-DL-aspartic acid for their ability to regenerate transgenic plants after infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Culturing microtuber blocks froin the medullary area separately from cortex and epidermal tissue containing the eyes resulted iii fewer transgenic plants, with transgenic shoots arising only from the tissue with the eyes. Lembi and Russet Burbank microtuber discs were also transformed with a chimeric gene, CLaSP, designed to increase resistance to blackspot bruise in the tuber. This method resulted in transformed plants in every experiment, with an efficiency that appeared to be genotype dependent. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 324 EP 327 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LC491 UT WOS:A1993LC49100007 PM 24197257 ER PT J AU HASSAN, MA SWARTZ, HJ INAMINE, G MULLINEAUX, P AF HASSAN, MA SWARTZ, HJ INAMINE, G MULLINEAUX, P TI AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF SEVERAL RUBUS GENOTYPES AND RECOVERY OF TRANSFORMED PLANTS SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE BLACKBERRY; CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYL TRANSFERASE; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; KANAMYCIN; RASPBERRY; THIDIAZURON ID GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS; EXCISED RUBUS; REGENERATION; EXPRESSION; STRAWBERRY; KANAMYCIN; SYSTEM; LEAVES AB Experiments in shoot regeneration and virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation were used to develop a protocol for Rubus transformation. This protocol was then used to produce transformed Rubus plants from in vitro internodes inoculated with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoding neomycin phosphotransferase on its disarmed T-DNA. Two transformed plants were selected from 800 inoculations on a medium containing 10 mug ml-1 kanamycin. Results indicated that this level of kanamycin successfully selected against non-transformed cells but did not reduce the number of transformed, kanamycin-resistant, shoots formed. Enzyme assays and Southern blot analysis verified the presence of the beta-glucuronidase gene in the plant genome. C1 JOHN INNES INST,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HASSAN, MA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Mullineaux, Philip/F-7723-2012 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD APR PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF01997592 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KV126 UT WOS:A1993KV12600002 ER PT J AU VU, JCV NIEDZ, RP YELENOSKY, G AF VU, JCV NIEDZ, RP YELENOSKY, G TI GLYCEROL STIMULATION OF CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHESIS, EMBRYOGENESIS, AND CARBOXYLATION AND SUCROSE METABOLISM ENZYMES IN NUCELLAR CALLUS OF HAMLIN SWEET ORANGE SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE CARBON METABOLISM; CITRUS TISSUE CULTURE; GLYCEROL ID SINENSIS L OSBECK; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CULTURES AB Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) were active in nucellar calli of 'Hamlin' sweet orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, grown on media containing either 5% sucrose or 2% glycerol as the primary carbon source. Activities of the enzymes, however, were much higher in the glycerol-grown tissues than those grown in sucrose. Glycerol, in addition, stimulated embryogenesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis and initiated the onset of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) activity. These stimulatory effects, which were not observed in sucrose-grown calli, became more obvious when calli grown on glycerol-containing, agar-solidified medium were transferred and grown in liquid suspension medium containing 2% glycerol. Starch levels in both sucrose- and glycerol-grown tissues were as high as 30% of tissue dry weight. There were, however, higher concentrations of soluble sugars in sucrose-grown calli than those grown on glycerol. Stimulation of embryogenesis, chlorophyll synthesis, Rubisco onset, and activities of PEPCase and SPS by glycerol offered potential prospects in using this compound in citrus tissue cultures. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD APR PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1007/BF01997601 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KV126 UT WOS:A1993KV12600011 ER PT J AU GILLASPIE, AG WRIGHT, JM AF GILLASPIE, AG WRIGHT, JM TI EVALUATION OF CITRULLUS SP GERM PLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS-2 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A total of 670 Citrullus species accessions were evaluated for resistance to watermelon mosaic virus 2. In greenhouse tests seedlings to be evaluated were mechanically inoculated, and in field tests plants in spreader rows were mechanically inoculated. Plants were considered virus free by the absence of disease symptoms and by negative results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our working definition of resistance was the ability of a plant to withstand, oppose, lessen, or overcome the attack of a pathogen. Plants were considered resistant if virus free 10-14 days after final inoculation in the greenhouse, or virus free 4-6 wk after inoculation of the spreader-row plants in the field, even though many were subsequently infected. Selections from 10 C. lanatus accessions (PI 189316, PI 189317, and PI 189318 from Zaire; PI 244018, PI 244019, and PI 255137 from South Africa; PI 164708 from India; and PI 494529 and Egun, which are Egusi-types, and PI 306782 from Nigeria) were resistant in both field and greenhouse tests. Five C colocynthis accessions (PI 386016, PI 386024, PI 386025, and PI 386026 from Iran and PI 388770 from Morocco) possessed some resistance in both field and greenhouse tests. RP GILLASPIE, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 352 EP 354 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400005 ER PT J AU WISE, RP GOBELMANWERNER, KS AF WISE, RP GOBELMANWERNER, KS TI RESISTANCE TO OAT CROWN RUST IN DIPLOID AND HEXAPLOID AVENA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; WHEAT AB The minimum number of Pc genes for resistance to oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata var. avenae) was determined from infection-type data based on the interactions of several oat lines and 47 isolates of crown rust from the Iowa State University collection. Infection-type data from seedlings of seven diploid oat accessions, a hexaploid chromosome addition line (X117), and its recurrent parent (C649), were evaluated in reference to 33 differentials to determine low or high infection type. At least 17 unique crown rust resistance genes can be detected in the hexaploid differentials with the Iowa State University crown rust collection. Four additional resistance genes can be detected among the diploid accessions. Among the diploid oat accessions, CI 2630, CI 3815, and CI 6954 (all Avena strigosa) were resistant to most isolates of crown rust, while CI 1994 (A. wiestii), CI 9009 (A. nuda), CI 3214 (A. wiestii), and CI 4748 (A. strigosa) were susceptible to most isolates. An evaluation of parents from two diploid mapping populations revealed 37 differential reactions that can be detected and mapped in the progeny from a cross between CI 2630 and CI 9009, and 40 from a cross between CI 3815 and CI 1994. The two crosses have 32 differential reactions in common. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP WISE, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400006 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, MJ HAWK, JA CARROLL, RB AYERS, JE LAMKEY, KR HALLAUER, AR AF GRAHAM, MJ HAWK, JA CARROLL, RB AYERS, JE LAMKEY, KR HALLAUER, AR TI EVALUATION OF IOWA STIFF STALK SYNTHETIC FOR RESISTANCE TO GRAY LEAF-SPOT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE MAIZE BREEDING ID MAIZE; CORN; INHERITANCE; DISEASE AB Gray leaf spot (GLS) of maize (Zea mays), caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, has become an increasing disease problem in the United States. Resistance to this pathogen is generally higher in inbred lines of Lancaster origin compared to lines derived from Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS). This study was conducted to determine whether recurrent selection for yield had altered the level of GLS resistance in BSSS and to identify BSSS(R)C11 S1 lines that combine GLS resistance with high yield. The distribution of GLS ratings for S1 lines derived from BSSSC0 and BSSS(R)C11 were very similar, indicating that selection for yield had not altered GLS resistance levels. Although the mean rating for both cycles was a susceptible 7 (1 = resistant, 9 = susceptible), S1 lines with intermediate levels of resistance (4-6) were identified. The 250 BSSS(R)C11 S1 lines were crossed to LH51, and the testcrosses were evaluated for yield and agronomic performance. S1 lines were identified which combine intermediate levels of GLS resistance with above-average standability and yield. These S1 lines will be recombined to develop an Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic population adapted to eastern maize growing conditions. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP GRAHAM, MJ (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 382 EP 385 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400012 ER PT J AU DAMSTEEGT, VD BONDE, MR HEWINGS, AD AF DAMSTEEGT, VD BONDE, MR HEWINGS, AD TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MAIZE STREAK VIRUS AND DOWNY MILDEW FUNGI IN SUSCEPTIBLE MAIZE CULTIVARS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CICADULINA-MBILA; SYNERGISM AB The effects of systemic infection by Peronosclerospora philippinensis and P. sorghi (both downy mildew fungi) and maize streak virus (MSV) on host reaction and pathogen reproduction were quantified in two maize cultivars. The maize cultivars tested (DeKalb XL 43A and Pioneer 3369A) were susceptible to all pathogens. Infection by MSV masked symptoms of downy mildew infection. Reduction in height and biomass were significantly greater with pathogen combinations than with single pathogens. Systemic infection by either downy mildew fungus had no effect on MSV titer. Infection by MSV reduced plant biomass, leaf area, and total sporulation of either fungus; however, sporulation per unit leaf area was not affected. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DAMSTEEGT, VD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400014 ER PT J AU GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR AF GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR TI RELATIONSHIP OF VERTICILLIUM WILT WITH PINK-EYE OF POTATO IN MAINE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE POTATO EARLY DYING AB In 1988 and 1989, the effect of Verticillium wilt on the incidence and severity of pink-eye of potato was studied. Six cultivars and 12 advanced breeding lines (clones) of Solanum tuberosum with varying degrees of resistance to Verticillium wilt were selected. Entries were inoculated with either Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, or a combination of both species; the control was noninoculated. Significant differences in the severity of Verticillium wilt symptoms were found for different clones and pathogens, and there was a significant year-by-clone interaction. Verticillium wilt symptoms were more severe in 1989 than in 1988. Pink-eye-infected tubers were found in all treatments, and the clones differed significantly in both incidence and severity of the disease. Significant positive correlations were found between the severity of Verticillium wilt with V. albo-atrum or the combination of species, and the incidence or severity of pink-eye. The incidence of pink-eye was enhanced by the presence of Verticillium, but the presence of Verticillium was not necessary for pink-eye to develop. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. RP GOTH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400017 ER PT J AU THOMAS, PE HANG, AN REED, G GILLILAND, GC REISENAUER, G AF THOMAS, PE HANG, AN REED, G GILLILAND, GC REISENAUER, G TI POTENTIAL ROLE OF WINTER RAPESEED CULTURE ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POTATO LEAF ROLL DISEASE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN YELLOWS VIRUS AB Rapeseed was an efficient overwintering host of beet western yellows virus (BWYV), one of two viruses that has been associated with potato leaf roll disease. However, rapeseed was not an overwintering host of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), which also causes the disease. Although all unprotected potato plants in the test area were infected with PLRV, no rapeseed plants were infected with PLRV among 3,040 plants assayed in 72 cultivars over a 2-yr period. In contrast, BWYV infected many plants of all winter rapeseed cultivars in the fall, survived winter in these plants, and spread to nearly all remaining plants of every cultivar in the spring. Although small differences in incidence of infection and in BWYV antigen content of infected plants were detectable among the rapeseed cultivars, all cultivars were highly susceptible to the virus. Two aphid vectors of BWYV and PLRV, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and, rarely, the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), were found on rapeseed plants in the Columbia Basin of Washington in both fall and spring, but neither aphid species survived winter on rapeseed. Both species returned to rapeseed in an early spring migration, colonized the crop, and began to migrate away from rapeseed as the crop ripened in early summer. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. HERMISTON AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,HERMISTON,OR. RP THOMAS, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE & FORAGE CROP PROD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 420 EP 423 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400021 ER PT J AU DEAHL, KL DEMUTH, SP PELTER, G ORMROD, DJ AF DEAHL, KL DEMUTH, SP PELTER, G ORMROD, DJ TI 1ST REPORT OF RESISTANCE OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS TO METALAXYL IN EASTERN WASHINGTON AND SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINIST AGR FISHERIES & FOOD,SURREY V3S 4P9,BC,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP DEAHL, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1993 VL 77 IS 4 BP 429 EP 429 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX444 UT WOS:A1993KX44400030 ER PT J AU DESCENZO, RA MINOCHA, SC AF DESCENZO, RA MINOCHA, SC TI MODULATION OF CELLULAR POLYAMINES IN TOBACCO BY TRANSFER AND EXPRESSION OF MOUSE ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE CDNA SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; POLYAMINES ID PLANT DEVELOPMENT; ENZYME PROTEIN; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLS; DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; PURIFICATION; BIOCHEMISTRY; INHIBITORS; CULTURES AB In an attempt to modulate the metabolism of polyamines in plants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were produced which contained either a full-length or a 3'-truncated mouse ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Plants of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi were used for transformation with these two strains of Agrobacterium. Transformations were confirmed by Southern hybridization and amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Two plants containing the full-length cDNA (ODC-12 and ODC-30) and two containing the truncated cDNA (12701-2 and 12701-31) were selected for further experiments. Northern blot analysis indicated that transcription was occurring and western blot analysis detected a polypeptide of ca. 50 kDa that was unique to the plants transformed with truncated ODC cDNA. In order to distinguish between the native and the mouse ODC in the transformed tissues, enzyme activity was assayed at pH optima for the two enzymes, i.e. pH 8.2 and 6.8, respectively. Substantially higher levels of ODC activity were seen at pH 6.8 (optimum for mouse ODC) in the transformants as compared to the controls. This ODC activity was inhibited by alpha-difluoromethylornithine and anti-mouse ODC antisera in a manner consistent with that reported for the mouse ODC. Analysis of cellular polyamines showed significantly elevated levels (4-12-fold) of putrescine in callus derived from transformed plant tissues as compared to the controls. The modulation of polyamine biosynthesis in plants by these techniques should allow us to further analyze the role of these ubiquitous compounds in plant growth and development. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 43 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1007/BF00039000 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LD639 UT WOS:A1993LD63900010 PM 8499611 ER PT J AU REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH AF REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH TI GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE AND FERREDOXIN-DEPENDENT GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION IN THE MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS) ROOT PRIMARY RESPONSE TO NITRATE - EVIDENCE FOR AN ORGAN-SPECIFIC RESPONSE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTASE MESSENGER-RNA; NITRITE REDUCTASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEAVES; LIGHT; CHLOROPLAST; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION AB To define further the early, or primary, events that occur in maize (Zea mays) seedlings exposed to NO3-, accumulation of chloroplast glutamine synthetase (GS2; EC 6.3.1.2) and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT; EC 1.4.7.1), transcripts were examined in roots and leaves. In roots, NO3- treatment caused a rapid (within 30 min), transient, and cycloheximide-independent accumulation of GS2 and Fd-GOGAT transcripts. In addition, 10 mum external NO3- WaS sufficient to cause transcript accumulation. The induction was NO3- Specific, since NH4Cl treatment did not affect mRNA levels. GS2 and Fd-GOGAT mRNA accumulation in roots was similar to that observed for nitrate reductase (NR) mRNA. Therefore, the four genes involved in NO3- assimilation (NR, nitrite reductase, GS2, and Fd-GOGAT) are expressed in the root primary response to NO3-, suggesting that all four genes can respond to the same signal transduction system. In contrast, relatively high levels of GS2 and Fd-GOGAT mRNAs were present in untreated leaf tissue, and NO3- treatment had little or no influence on transcript accumulation. Rapid, transient, and cycloheximide-independent NR mRNA expression was seen in the NO3--treated leaves, demonstrating that NO3- was not limiting. The NO3--independent constitutive expression of GS2 and Fd-GOGAT is likely due to the requirement for reassimilation of photorespiratory NH4+ in these young leaves. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP REDINBAUGH, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 35 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1255 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KX043 UT WOS:A1993KX04300018 ER PT J AU ZIPRIN, RL DELOACH, JR AF ZIPRIN, RL DELOACH, JR TI COMPARISON OF PROBIOTICS MAINTAINED BY INVIVO PASSAGE THROUGH LAYING HENS AND BROILERS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; CECAL MICROFLORA; BROILER; LAYER ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; NEWLY HATCHED CHICKS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; DIETARY LACTOSE; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; ALIMENTARY-TRACT; CECAL FLORA; CULTURES; LACTOBACILLI; PREVENTION AB Cecal colonization by salmonellae may be greatly reduced by inoculating chickens with normal cecal microflora, a phenomenon known as competitive exclusion. Unfortunately, it has not been possible to reliably store active cecal microflora over long time periods, and it is difficult to obtain consistent experimental results with different batches of microflora. In order to overcome these problems, the present authors have maintained active cecal flora through a 2-yr period by in vivo passage through both broiler chicks and layers that were fed a diet containing 5% lactose. Competitive exclusion cultures maintained in laying hens worked as well as cultures from broilers. Cecal microflora from either source excluded both nonlactose-fermenting and lactose-fermenting Salmonella strains. Colonization by both types of Salmonella was reduced even when the competitive exclusion organisms were given as late as 3 days after oral challenge inoculation with Salmonella typhimurium. RP ZIPRIN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 72 IS 4 BP 628 EP 635 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU647 UT WOS:A1993KU64700003 PM 8479948 ER PT J AU KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD CLEMENT, BA AF KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD CLEMENT, BA TI EFFECT OF HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATES ON AFLATOXICOSIS IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN; BROILERS; GROWTH; SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY; HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE ID ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; T-2 TOXIN; PREVENTION; TOXICITY; AFLATOXIN-B1; DIMINUTION; TOXICOSIS; SORBENT; DIETS; SWINE AB In three experiments, three different hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) were incorporated into chick diets (.5%) containing either 0 or 5.0 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 0 or 2.5 (Experiment 3) mg/kg aflatoxin (AF). Male broiler chicks consumed their respective diets and water ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. When compared with controls, body weights in chicks receiving 5.0 mg AF/kg were reduced by 214 g in Experiment 1 and 220 g in Experiment 2. The addition of .5% of the HSCAS compounds significantly diminished the growth inhibitory effects caused by AF by 39 to 68% in Experiment 1, by 46 to 88% in Experiment 2, and by 38 to 90% in Experiment 3. The increases in relative organ weights and the decreases in serum biochemical values caused by AF were significantly diminished to differing degrees by all three of the HSCAS compounds. These data demonstrate that these specific HSCAS compounds can be protective against the effects of AF in young growing broilers and further emphasizes the fact that all silicate-type sorbents are not equal in their ability to protect against aflatoxicosis. It also seems possible to specially process compounds to increase their efficacy for protection against the toxicity of AF. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP KUBENA, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD & ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 72 IS 4 BP 651 EP 657 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KU647 UT WOS:A1993KU64700006 PM 8386839 ER PT J AU RUTH, LA RAMEZAN, M WARD, JH AF RUTH, LA RAMEZAN, M WARD, JH TI COMBUSTION 2000 PROGRAM TO DEVELOP COAL PLANT-TECHNOLOGY SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP RUTH, LA (reprint author), USDA,DIV COAL UTILIZAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG JI Power Eng. PD APR PY 1993 VL 97 IS 4 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA KW839 UT WOS:A1993KW83900006 ER PT J AU HURD, HS ERB, HN AF HURD, HS ERB, HN TI SPECIAL ISSUE - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC METHODS HELD IN FORT-COLLINS, CO, 22-23 MAY 1990 - INTRODUCTION SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HURD, HS (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VS,555 S HOWES ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LD143 UT WOS:A1993LD14300001 ER PT J AU HURD, HS KANEENE, JB LLOYD, JW AF HURD, HS KANEENE, JB LLOYD, JW TI A STOCHASTIC DISTRIBUTED-DELAY MODEL OF DISEASE PROCESSES IN DYNAMIC POPULATIONS SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB 1A simulation model that is applicable to infectious and non-infectious disease is proposed. This paper describes a model for simulation of infectious and non-infectious disease processes in dynamic populations, and compares its behavior to a stochastic version of the Reed-Frost model for a hypothetical infectious disease. A distributed-delay model is applied. Monte-Carlo simulations of both modeling approaches produced epidemics of randomly determined sizes. Although both models demonstrated the characteristic bimodal distributions of total number of cases per epidemic, the shape of the distributions was slightly different. Separation between the two peaks was not as great with the distributed-delay model as with the Reed-Frost model. The tail was slightly more extended than the Reed-Frost, and there were more epidemics in the 50-100 case range. Both models produced similar average attack rates. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CTR POPULAT MED,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,VS,NATL ANIM HLTH MONITORING SYST,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LD143 UT WOS:A1993LD14300004 ER PT J AU WOODLEY, NE AF WOODLEY, NE TI A REMARKABLE NEW SPECIES OF PARADEJEANIA FROM THE DOMINICAN-REPUBLIC (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE PARADEJEANIA; TACHINIDAE; CARIBBEAN; TAXONOMY AB The first species of Paradejeania from the Caribbean is described and illustrated (P. xenisma, type locality: Dominican Republic, Independencia Province, 1 km E of El Aguacate, 18-degrees-20'N, 71-degrees-42'W). A key to the three known species, and habitus photographs of each, are included. RP WOODLEY, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,US NATL MUSEUM,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1993 VL 95 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LC509 UT WOS:A1993LC50900007 ER PT J AU NORRBOM, AL AF NORRBOM, AL TI NEW SYNONYMY OF EPOCHRA LOEW WITH EUPHRANTA (RHACOCHLAENA LOEW) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM MEXICO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE EUPHRANTA; EPOCHRA; TEPHRITIDAE; FRUIT FLIES; RIBES AB The generic name Epochra Loew (1873) is synonymized with Rhacochlaena Loew (1862), a subgenus of Euphranta Loew. A new species, Euphranta mexicana, is described from specimens reared from fruit of Ribes pringlei Rose in Morelos, Mexico. The male and female terminalia of Euphranta canadensis (Loew), n. comb., are also described. A species of Biosteres (Braconidae) is reported to parasitize E. mexicana. RP NORRBOM, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,US NATL MUSEUM,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1993 VL 95 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LC509 UT WOS:A1993LC50900008 ER PT J AU NORRBOM, AL AF NORRBOM, AL TI NEW SPECIES AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF EUARESTA LOEW (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES FROM THE AMERICA SOUTH OF MEXICO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE FRUIT FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE; EUARESTA; AMBROSIA; XANTHIUM AB Euaresta regularis, n. sp., and E. versicolor, n. sp., are described based on specimens from southern Brazil, and E. toba (Lindner) and E. reticulata (Hendel) are redescribed. A lectotype is designated for E. toba, and Tephritis apicata Becker is considered a new synonym of E. reticulata. A key to species of Euaresta south of Mexico is provided, and a preliminary analysis of relationships among all the species of Euaresta is presented. New host plant and distribution data are reported for E. toba and E. regularis. RP NORRBOM, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,US NATL MUSEUM,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1993 VL 95 IS 2 BP 195 EP 209 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LC509 UT WOS:A1993LC50900009 ER PT J AU GRISSELL, EE AF GRISSELL, EE TI ZDENEKIUS, A NEW GENUS OF NEARCTIC TORYMIDAE (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TORYMIDAE; ZDENEKIUS-SMITHI; NEW GENUS; NEW SPECIES; NEARCTIC; PARASITE; SPHECIDAE; VESPIDAE AB Zdenekius smithi, new genus, new species is described. This nearctic genus of Torymidae is transcontinental across the northern United States extending into southeastern Canada. Zdenekius is reared in association with twig-nesting Sphecidae and Vespidae, but the exact host relations are not known. It may be a primary and/or a secondary parasite on dipterous and hymenopterous parasites of these wasps. RP GRISSELL, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,US NATL MUSEUM,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1993 VL 95 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LC509 UT WOS:A1993LC50900017 ER PT J AU MARSH, PM AF MARSH, PM TI BURKS,BARNARD,DEWITT 1909-1990 PRESIDENT, ENTOMOLOGICAL-SOCIETY-OF-WASHINGTON, 1974 - OBITUARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Item About an Individual RP MARSH, PM (reprint author), USDA,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1993 VL 95 IS 2 BP 300 EP 304 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LC509 UT WOS:A1993LC50900023 ER PT J AU ELLWOOD, KC CHATZIDAKIS, C FAILLA, ML AF ELLWOOD, KC CHATZIDAKIS, C FAILLA, ML TI FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION BY THE HUMAN INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE, CACO-2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER; TRANSPORT; COLON; GLUCOSE; DIFFERENTIATION; CULTURE; SYSTEM; RAT; GUT AB The potential use of Caco-2 cells as a model for the study of fructose metabolism and transport in the intestine was evaluated, since this human cell line exhibits many of the anatomical and biochemical characteristics of mature enterocytes. Pre- and postconfluent cultures converted [C-14]fructose to CO2, lipid, and glycogen. Apparent utilization of [C-14]fructose was less than that of [C-14]glucose. This difference was due in part to the more rapid uptake of glucose from medium as compared with fructose. Addition of glucose, galactose, and mannose to medium markedly decreased the metabolism, while slightly inhibiting the uptake, of [C-14]fructose. These data demonstrate that fructose can serve as a carbon and energy source for Caco-2 cells, and that common dietary monosaccharides affect the efficiency of fructose metabolism. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US FDA,DIV NUTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 202 IS 4 BP 440 EP 446 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KU637 UT WOS:A1993KU63700008 PM 8456108 ER PT J AU LAURIN, DE CARTWRIGHT, AL AF LAURIN, DE CARTWRIGHT, AL TI FACTORS AFFECTING INSULIN RESPONSIVENESS OF TRIGLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS IN INCUBATED CHICKEN HEPATOCYTES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; ABDOMINAL FAT-CONTENT; LIPOGENIC ENZYMES; GROWTH-HORMONE; EMBRYO HEPATOCYTES; PRIMARY CULTURE; ACID SYNTHASE; MALIC ENZYME; LIVER-CELLS; SECRETION AB A technique was developed to isolate and incubate hepatocytes from 4-day-old chickens. Hepatocytes incubated in serum-free medium containing 1 ng chicken insulin/ml had greater rates of triglyceride (TG) synthesis than insulin-unexposed cells. Greater concentrations of insulin enhanced TG synthesis. Addition to medium of a supplement containing several hormones greatly improved insulin responsiveness of TG synthesis in hepatocytes compared with cells not incubated in supplemented medium. The medium supplement did not affect TG synthesis in hepatocytes incubated in the absence of insulin. The presence, compared with the absence, of triiodothyronine in the medium supplement improved insulin responsiveness of TG synthesis. In hepatocytes incubated in supplemented medium, increasing chicken insulin concentrations augmented malic enzyme activity. Hepatocytes incubated in supplemented medium containing bovine insulin had lesser rates of TG synthesis than cells incubated with similar concentrations of chicken insulin. To determine whether insulin responsiveness of TG synthesis is affected by age of chicken, hepatocytes from 4-, 11-, and 74-day-old chickens were incubated in supplemented medium. Responsiveness of TG synthesis to chicken insulin progressively decreased in hepatocytes from older chickens. Results indicate that hepatocytes isolated from 4-day-old chickens and incubated in supplemented medium are responsive to dilute insulin concentrations and may be useful to investigate the biochemical effects of this hormone. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 202 IS 4 BP 476 EP 481 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KU637 UT WOS:A1993KU63700014 PM 8456114 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, CD TIDWELL, JH GOODGAME, LS AF WEBSTER, CD TIDWELL, JH GOODGAME, LS TI GROWTH, BODY-COMPOSITION, AND ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; PROTEIN; ENERGY AB Juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were stocked in twelve 1.25-m3 floating cages at densities of 320 fish/m3 and fed to satiety twice daily for 110 d with one of four diets. Each diet contained a certain percentage (0, 10, 20, or 30%) of distillers' grains with solubles (DGS), which partially replaced soybean meal and com. Individual weights of fish, survival, food conversion (FC, weight of feed given/weight gain by fish), and body composition (percentage moisture, protein, fat, and ash) of waste (head, skin, and viscera) and dressed carcasses were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Fish fed a diet containing 10% DGS (mean individual total length, 26.7 cm) were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than fish fed a diet containing 30% DGS (27.6 cm), but they were not significantly different in length (P > 0.05) from fish fed diets with 0 and 20% DGS. Average individual weight was 219 g, survival was 92.1%, and FC was 1.6. Percentage fat (dry-matter basis) in the carcasses of cage-reared channel catfish averaged 38%. Organoleptic evaluation of fillets indicated that the fat complex flavor was of significantly higher intensity (P < 0.05) in cage-reared fish than in pond-raised fish. However, organoleptic evaluation indicated that DGS impart no adverse taste to channel catfish. These data indicate that DGS can be used in a least-cost diet formulation for channel catfish at rates of up to 30%. This option allows feed producers flexibility in diet formulations for commercial catfish diets. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP WEBSTER, CD (reprint author), KENTUCKY STATE UNIV,CTR AQUACULTURE RES,FRANKFORT,KY 40601, USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1993 VL 55 IS 2 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0095:GBCAOE>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LP059 UT WOS:A1993LP05900005 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR NAIR, PP FLANAGAN, VP AF FERRETTI, A JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR NAIR, PP FLANAGAN, VP TI INGESTION OF MARINE OIL REDUCES EXCRETION OF 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE -B(2), AN INDEX OF INTRAVASCULAR PRODUCTION OF THROMBOXANE -A(2) SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID OMEGA-3 FATTY-ACIDS; FISH-OIL; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PLATELET; PROSTAGLANDINS; DIET; DISEASE; BALANCE; INVIVO AB We evaluated the effect of anchovy oil supplementation on the endogenous production of thromboxane A2 by measuring the excretion of its stable metabolite, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-DTXB2), in 24-h urine. In a longitudinal study, 35 male volunteers consumed a controlled basal diet for two experimental periods lasting a total of 20 weeks. During period 1 (10 weeks) the diet was supplemented with placebo (PO) capsules (15 x 1 g/d) consisting of a blend of fats approaching the fatty acid profile of the basal diet. During period 2 the subjects received 15 x 1 g/d capsules of fish oil concentrate (FOC). PO and FOC capsules contained 1 mg alpha-tocopherol per gram of fat as antioxidant. A 38% reduction of 11-DTXB, excretion was observed after 10 weeks of FOC supplementation (period 2, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio = 2.3), compared to an identical period of PO supplementation (period 1, n-6/n-3 = 12.5), p = 0.0001. The 11-DTXB2 excretion reduction (DELTA) fits the quadratic equation DELTA = 136.0038 - 0.3178(tx1) - 0.0002(tx1)2, (R2 =0.8944), where tx1 is the excretion rate at the end of period 1. This finding supports the hypothesis that the antithrombotic effect of marine oil is mediated, at least in part, by diet-induced shifts in the eicosanoid system. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,DHHS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,ROOM 122,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD APR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0952-3278(93)90220-Q PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KW747 UT WOS:A1993KW74700004 PM 8497491 ER PT J AU GRABSKI, AC FORRESTER, IT PATEL, R JEFFRIES, TW AF GRABSKI, AC FORRESTER, IT PATEL, R JEFFRIES, TW TI CHARACTERIZATION AND N-TERMINAL AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES OF BETA-(1-4)ENDOXYLANASES FROM STREPTOMYCES-ROSEISCLEROTICUS - PURIFICATION INCORPORATING A BIOPROCESSING AGENT SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL PULP FIBERS; XYLANASES; LIVIDANS; PEROXIDASE C1 US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT BACTERIOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP UNIV WISCONSIN, CTR BIOTECHNOL, PROT PURIFICAT FACIL, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 EI 1096-0279 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD APR PY 1993 VL 4 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1006/prep.1993.1018 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KW305 UT WOS:A1993KW30500005 PM 8471845 ER PT J AU FENN, ME POTH, MA DUNN, PH BARRO, SC AF FENN, ME POTH, MA DUNN, PH BARRO, SC TI MICROBIAL N AND BIOMASS, RESPIRATION AND N-MINERALIZATION IN SOILS BENEATH 2 CHAPARRAL SPECIES ALONG A FIRE-INDUCED AGE GRADIENT SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BIOCIDAL TREATMENTS; SHRUBS; METABOLISM AB A decline in available nutrients may contribute to the loss of vigor observed in older chaparral stands. We examined N mineralization and the storage of C and N in the microbial biomass of soil along a fire-induced chaparral chronosequence in San Diego County, Calif. Soil was collected under chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum H. & A.) and ceanothus [Ceanothus greggii Gray var. perplexans (Trel.) Jeps] shrubs in stands burned 0, 2, 4, 11, 20, 54 and 80 yr prior to the study. Soil collected from the top 5 cm beneath chamise and ceanothus had similar microbial biomass patterns with stand aging. The amount of microbial C in soil remained relatively constant across the age gradient. Concentrations of microbial N and the amount of N mineralized fluctuated, with no significant trend across the stand-age gradient. For both chaparral species, NH4+ concentrations in soil were significantly higher in the recently burned stand (age = 0) than in stands burned from 2 to 80 yr earlier. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations in soil were not significantly different in most instances among soils from 2 to 80 yr-old stands. Soil collected under A. fasciculatum had significantly higher respiration rates, and higher concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-compared to C. greggii, suggesting that these chaparral species have differential influences on microbial processes in the soil around them. RP FENN, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90071-I PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KV333 UT WOS:A1993KV33300006 ER PT J AU BOHNE, K ROTH, C LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF BOHNE, K ROTH, C LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI RAPID METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY FROM INFILTRATION MEASUREMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL WATER-CONTENT; PARAMETRIC MODELS; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; INVERSE PROBLEM; CONSISTENT SET; 2-PHASE FLOW; SOIL-WATER; SORPTIVITY; SUBSURFACE; EQUATION AB A method is proposed for estimating the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from observed infiltration data. Infiltration measurements are generally easier to obtain than experimental data required for in situ determination of the hydraulic conductivity. The problem was formulated in terms of a nonlinear least-squares parameter optimization method which combines Philip's two-term infiltration equation with an analytical description of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties according to Mualem and van Genuchten. Reliable estimates for the hydraulic parameters could be obtained with an inverse procedure when independently measured water retention data were included. The results indicate that soil water content measurements at very low values of the soil water pressure head are especially important to ensure parameter uniqueness. The method provides rapid and cost-effective estimates of the hydraulic properties of field soils. C1 TECH UNIV BERLIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,W-1000 BERLIN 10,GERMANY. USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP BOHNE, K (reprint author), UNIV ROSTOCK,FACHBEREICH LANDESKULTUR & UMWELTSCHUTZ,JUSTUS VON LIEBIG WEG 6,O-2500 ROSTOCK,GERMANY. RI Roth, Christian/F-8184-2010; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Roth, Christian/0000-0002-8264-8665; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 155 IS 4 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1097/00010694-199304000-00001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LA436 UT WOS:A1993LA43600001 ER PT J AU FRYREAR, DW SALEH, A AF FRYREAR, DW SALEH, A TI FIELD WIND EROSION - VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DUST STORMS; TRANSPORT; SAMPLER AB The quantity of soil material transported by wind will decrease with height above the surface. Airborne samples were obtained at five levels above four soils. Mass distribution with height differs for materials in saltation or in suspension. A technique was developed to mathematically describe the two modes of transport so the total quantity being transported could be determined by integrating the two equations. Transition height, where the transport mode changes from saltation to suspension, is termed TSS. TSS decreases as surface soil texture changes from a fine sandy loam to a loam, indicating a higher percentage of the eroded material is moving at a greater distance above the soil surface. TSS increases as roughness of the soil surface increases, indicating a decrease in the suspension component and that the majority of eroded material is moving close to the soil surface. RP FRYREAR, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT SYST RES LAB,BIG SPRING,TX, USA. NR 20 TC 79 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 155 IS 4 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1097/00010694-199304000-00008 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LA436 UT WOS:A1993LA43600008 ER PT J AU KABAKCI, H CHEVALIER, PM PAPENDICK, RI AF KABAKCI, H CHEVALIER, PM PAPENDICK, RI TI IMPACT OF TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON DRYLAND SPRING WHEAT DEVELOPMENT SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB No-till or reduced tillage practices are frequently recommended to reduce wind and water erosion and to increase soil water storage. Grazing stubble after harvest or producing crops with low residue may negate the benefits of the tillage practices. In this study, we determined the effects of tillage and residue management systems on the growth and development of the subsequent spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The study was conducted for 2 consecutive years in eastern Washington, USA. The soil was a (Chard) silt loam. Tillage treatments were conventional (spring sweep and summer cultivation) and no-till (chemical fallow). Residue management treatments were: (1) all crop residues removed at the beginning of the 21-month fallow period; (2) all surface residues removed after the first winter rainy season, (3) no residues removed. For the 1988 crop year, 3.0 Mg ha-1 of winter wheat residue and for the 1989 crop year 0.7 Mg ha-1 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue was present at the beginning of the fallow period. Growing season precipitation was 153 mm in 1988 and 91 mm in 1989. Water use efficiency and grain yields were generally higher in 1989 than in 1988. No differential germination or emergence stresses owing to treatments were found in either year. In 1988, stored water at the time of planting was lower where surface residues had been removed than where they had not been removed and, by anthesis, plants in the residue removal treatments began to show signs of water stress. Relative water content of flag leaves of these plants was lower than when residue was not removed and the plants also lost more tillers. At maturity, the reduced number of heads m-2 and seeds per head led to a reduction in final grain yield of about 0.5 Mg ha-1. In 1989, a better crop year, no significant treatment differences were observed at any stage of development. These results illustrate the importance of proper residue management, especially in moisture limiting environments. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90039-R PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KY752 UT WOS:A1993KY75200003 ER PT J AU PIKUL, JL RAMIG, RE WILKINS, DE AF PIKUL, JL RAMIG, RE WILKINS, DE TI SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP YIELD AMONG 4 TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A WHEAT PEA ROTATION SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; FALLOW SYSTEM; ROOT; NITROGEN; RESIDUE; GROWTH AB Tillage systems that address soil conservation and sustainable crop yield need to be developed. Research was conducted on a Walla Walla silt loam (Typic Haploxeroll) to determine the long-term (19 years) effect of four tillage systems on soil properties and crop yield in a green pea (Pisum sativum L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation that was started in 1968. The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. Wheat and peas were grown each season. The primary tillage systems were: (T1) fall moldboard plow after wheat and after peas (control); (T2) fall rototill after wheat and fall sweep after peas; (T3) spring moldboard plow after wheat and fall moldboard plow after peas; (T4) no tillage after wheat and fall sweep after peas. Soil measurements included bulk density, pH, organic carbon, penetration resistance, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Profiles of bulk density, penetration resistance and pH revealed unique differences among treatments. However, there were no consistent differences in yield among the four tillage systems, in either green peas or wheat. From a crop production viewpoint, changes in soil properties on these tillage plots were inconsequential. From a soil erosion viewpoint, spring plowing (T3) and conservation tillage (T4) have an advantage over T2 and T1 because surface cover is maintained during the first winter following wheat harvest. Results show the importance of testing tillage systems over long periods of time and that the traditional system of fall moldboard plowing after wheat and after peas can be replaced by conservation systems without yield loss. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP PIKUL, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,POB 1109,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90041-M PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KY752 UT WOS:A1993KY75200005 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, WF MITCHELL, AD LINE, MJ REEVES, JB AF SCHMIDT, WF MITCHELL, AD LINE, MJ REEVES, JB TI C-13 CP/MAS OF LDLL MIXTURES OF AMINO-ACIDS SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE CHIRALITY; AMINO ACIDS; ASYMMETRY; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; CIRCULAR DICHROISM ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; VANCOMYCIN; ANTIBIOTICS; COMPLEXES AB A unit cell in which three isomers are in an L configuration and one is in a D configuration is inherently asymmetrical. For LDLL mixtures of amino acids with identical chemical structures (apart from chirality), the inter- and intramolecular interactions observed from the C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectra are even larger than those which have been observed with mixtures of diastereoisomers in the solid state. This occurs even though the chemical composition of these molecular clusters consists only of nearest neighbor enantiomers. Because D and L isomers have identical chemical shifts, changes in chemical shift and peak intensities of these asymmetrical solid mixtures cannot be unambiguously assigned to either the D or one of the L isomers. In LLDL Mixtures of amino acids in which half is L isomers and the other half is DL isomers, the NMR spectra clearly depend upon which amino acid contains the D isomer. Any further structural interpretation of these molecular clusters is equivocal without assigning chemical shifts to the D isomer (or alternatively designated the R, [-] or [+] isomer). Both more rigorous mathematical analysis and new NMR experiments are required which link interactions at chiral centers with NMR spectra Of LLDL mixtures in the solid state. RP SCHMIDT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD APR PY 1993 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0926-2040(93)90059-V PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA LJ539 UT WOS:A1993LJ53900002 PM 7812739 ER PT J AU URI, ND AF URI, ND TI CLEAN CHEAP HEAT - THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDENTIAL MARKETS FOR NATURAL-GAS IN THE UNITED-STATES - HERBERT,JH SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTHERN ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 863 EP 865 DI 10.2307/1059770 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA KX066 UT WOS:A1993KX06600047 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM CASTILLO, R LOPEZ, LE AF SPOONER, DM CASTILLO, R LOPEZ, LE TI SYNONYMY WITHIN WILD POTATOES (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA, SOLANACEAE) - THE CASE OF SOLANUM-ANDREANUM SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM AB This study reduces five names to synonymy of Solanum andreanum, a variable taxon distributed from southern Colombia to central Ecuador. Two of the five names here united are recognized in Hawkes's latest taxonomic treatment in 1990, and one name was published after that treatment. The species have been distributed among five separate taxonomic series. We believe that this synonymy is only one example of a much larger problem of synonymy in sect. Petota. C1 CIAT,CALI,COLOMBIA. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.2307/2419398 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA KX656 UT WOS:A1993KX65600004 ER PT J AU CHOI, HM KWON, HJ MOREAU, JP AF CHOI, HM KWON, HJ MOREAU, JP TI COTTON NONWOVENS AS OIL-SPILL CLEANUP SORBENTS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We examined partial or complete replacement of synthetic sorbents by cotton-containing nonwovens for use in oil spill cleanup. The results indicate that with light crude oil, oil sorption capacities of the needlepunched cotton-containing sorbents were slightly greater than those of sorbents made from 100% polypropylene fibers. If necessary, a small portion of polypropylene fiber could be incorporated into nonwovens to increase mechanical strength properties and to maintain fabric integrity. The cotton-containing sorbents were reusable after a simple mechanical compression to remove oil. They also floated in an artificial seawater bath for a long period of time. We found that oil sorption of cotton fiber was controlled by adsorption on the fiber surface and capillary action through its lumen. Contrarily, the main mechanism for polypropylene was through capillary bridges between fibers. Detailed evaluation using an environmental scanning electron microscope confirmed this mechanism. Individual bundles of both cotton and polypropylene fibers sorbed more oil than did the needlepunched nonwoven fabrics prepared from the respective fibers. In addition, sorption decreased as needling density increased. This study provides preliminary data for investigating other cotton nonwoven constructions with improved oil sorption properties. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP CHOI, HM (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,SCH HUMAN ECOL,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 13 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 15 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 63 IS 4 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1177/004051759306300404 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA KV443 UT WOS:A1993KV44300004 ER PT J AU YANG, SD TYREE, MT AF YANG, SD TYREE, MT TI HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE IN ACER-SACCHARUM SHOOTS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LEAF WATER POTENTIAL AND TRANSPIRATION SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSOLUTE CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; LEAF SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE; SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AB A new method is presented for measuring whole-shoot hydraulic conductance, K(T) (kg s-1 MPa-1). The method was also used to determine other conductance values in maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stem segments of differing diameter including: K(h) (absolute conductance or conductance per unit pressure gradient, kg s-1 m MPa-1), K(s) (specific conductance or K(h) per unit wood area, kg s- 1 m- 1 MPa-1), and LSC (leaf specific conductance or K(h) per unit leaf area, kg s- 1 m-1 MPa-1). A regression of K(T) versus stem basal diameter, D (m), gave K(T) = 5.998 x 10(-2) D1.402 (R2 = 0.986 for D from 0.001 to 0.1 m) and a regression for leaf area, A(L) (m2), gave A(L) = 4.667 x 10(3) D2.007 (R2 = 0.98 1 for D from 0.001 to 0.3 m). More than 50% of the resistance to water flow in large shoots (0. 1 m in diameter and 8 to 10 m long) was contained in branches less than 0.01 2 m in diameter, i.e., in the distal 1.5 m of branches. We used the regressions to predict the steady state difference in pressure potential, P, between the base of a shoot of diameter D and the average pressure potential at the apices of the shoot; the relation is given by P = 7.781 X 10(4) E D0.605, where E is the average evaporative flux density (kg s-1 M-2) in the leaves attached to the shoot. After comparing the predictions of this equation to field observations of E and leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, we concluded that the hydraulic conductance of large maple shoots is sufficiently low to prevent maximum stomatal conductance in maple leaves. C1 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. NR 0 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 7 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 231 EP 242 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KY872 UT WOS:A1993KY87200002 ER PT J AU SUNG, SJS KORMANIK, PP BLACK, CC AF SUNG, SJS KORMANIK, PP BLACK, CC TI VASCULAR CAMBIAL SUCROSE METABOLISM AND GROWTH IN LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) IN RELATION TO TRANSPLANTING STRESS SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INVERTASE; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; TRANSPLANTING STRESS; WINTER FREEZING AB Sucrose synthase (SS) was the dominant enzyme of sucrose metabolism in both stem and root vascular cambial zone tissues of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities were generally less than 10% of the SS activity in both tissues. In both cambial tissues, seasonal patterns of enzyme activity were observed for SS but not for AI or NI. The seasonal patterns of SS activity in stem and root cambia paralleled the periodic growth of stems and roots. Stems had high SS activity and growth during summer and early fall. Roots had substantial SS activity and growth during summer and fall, but SS activity and growth were even higher in winter. When seedlings were transplanted, about eight months elapsed before stem and root cambia resumed rates of growth and sucrose metabolism similar to those in control nontransplanted seedlings. Two months after transplanting, root SS was at its lowest, whereas AI activity in transplants was 50% higher than in control nontransplanted seedlings. In stems, SS activity decreased in response to transplanting, whereas AI and NI activities did not change appreciably. In loblolly pine tissues, SS was specific for uridylates, whereas the nucleotide triphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (NTP-PFK) had similar activity with either UTP or ATP. Except in winter, the NTP-PFK was less active than the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) during all seasons. The PPi-dependent PFK activity in nontransplanted seedlings followed similar seasonal and spatial patterns to those of SS activity. In actively growing tissues, such as stem cambial tissues in summer and root cambial tissues in winter, the measured total PFK to SS ratio ranged between 1.5/1 and 3/1. In contrast, in less actively growing tissues or transplanted seedlings, a greater decrease occurred in SS than in PFK activity, hence the ratio rose to as high as 12/1. It was concluded that: (1) SS was the dominant enzyme for sucrose metabolism in root and stem cambial tissues of loblolly pine seedlings; (2) both SS and PPi-PFK in the cambial tissues can be used as biochemical indicators of growth sink strength in stems and roots; and (3) both enzymes can be used as indicators of seedling stress caused by events such as transplanting and winter freezing. RP SUNG, SJS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SE FOREST EXPT STN,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 243 EP 258 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KY872 UT WOS:A1993KY87200003 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT ALEXANDER, JD AF TYREE, MT ALEXANDER, JD TI HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF BRANCH JUNCTIONS IN 3 TEMPERATE TREE SPECIES SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STEM INSERTIONS; QUERCUS-VELUTINA; ACER-SACCHARUM; TSUGA-CANADENSIS AB Hydraulic conductivities were measured in branch junctions and in the proximal segments of Quercus velutina Lam., Acer saccharum Marsh., and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. In all three species, the basal proximal segment was more conductive than the junction by a factor of 1.1-1.5. There was no consistent pattern for the distal proximal segments, where the conductivities were higher, lower, or the same as the junction. These data are discussed in terms of Martin H. Zimmermann's concept of plant segmentation. It is concluded that junction constrictions to water flow contribute less to plant segmentation than the variation in leaf specific conductivity in the crown of these species. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,709 SPEAR ST,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD APR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 156 EP 159 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KQ442 UT WOS:A1993KQ44200005 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, RW AF CAMPBELL, RW TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF THE MAJOR NORTH-AMERICAN NEEDLE-EATING BUDWORMS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; JACK PINE BUDWORM; LIFE TABLE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; SITE AND STAND ATTRIBUTES; INTERSTAND INFLUENCES; YEAR-TO-YEAR CHANGES; INSECTICIDE TREATMENT; WEATHER; CHORISTONEURA; PREDATORS; BIRDS; ANTS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; HOST DEFENSES; HAZARD RATING AB Data from six western States provided 1,251 life tables representing western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. These data provided projection capabilities for defoliation and successive budworm densities, as well as a basis for comparing survival rates among the three principal North American needle-eating budworms (western and eastern spruce budworms, and the jack pine budworm). Several modifications are suggested in current methods for managing budworm-susceptible forests, and suggestions are provided for further studies on the budworm life systems. RP CAMPBELL, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1993 IS 463 BP U1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LM182 UT WOS:A1993LM18200001 ER PT J AU CZAPLEWSKI, RL REICH, RM AF CZAPLEWSKI, RL REICH, RM TI EXPECTED VALUE AND VARIANCE OF MORAN BIVARIATE SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION STATISTIC FOR A PERMUTATION TEST SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE PERMUTATIONS; SHORTLEAF; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION AB Moran's I statistic has been used by ecologists and geographers alike to test for the presence of spatial autocorrelation in a single variable over a two-dimensional plane. In this paper, we provide the derivation of the expected value and variance of a bivariate version of Moran's I for use with multivariate data under the assumption of spatial independence. We also demonstrate that Moran's univariate I statistic is a special case of Moran's bivariate I(YZ). Results of an extensive Monte Carlo study show that the expected value and variance are reliable for several data sets with moderate sample sizes (n = 40 and 127) and varying degrees of correlation among different bivariate surfaces. For small sample sizes (n < 40) at least 5,000 simulations should be used to estimate the P-value to test the null hypothesis of no spatial autocorrelation between two variables. RP CZAPLEWSKI, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1993 IS RM-309 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LX552 UT WOS:A1993LX55200001 ER PT J AU RUMMER, RB AF RUMMER, RB TI THINNING WITH THE GAFNER TRI-TRAC FELLER BUNCHER - A CASE-STUDY SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE MECHANIZED THINNING; PRODUCTIVITY AB The Gafner Tri-Trac attained a production rate of approximately 14 cords per productive machine hour in a fifth-row plantation. Tree size and the volume of trees in the head affected productivity. RP RUMMER, RB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GW ANDREWS FORESTRY SCI LAB,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1993 IS 273 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LD557 UT WOS:A1993LD55700001 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, MA ALLISON, MJ FOSTER, JG AF RASMUSSEN, MA ALLISON, MJ FOSTER, JG TI FLATPEA INTOXICATION IN SHEEP AND INDICATIONS OF RUMINAL ADAPTATION SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID; BRAIN AB This paper describes the signs of toxicity when seed-bearing flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L) hay is fed to sheep. Signs of intoxication (including seizure, muscular trembling and spasmotic torticollis) are similar to those observed for ammonia toxicity in ruminants. Accumulation of ammonia may be a direct consequence of flatpea ingestion, given that 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA, a toxic constituent of flatpea) is known to inhibit hepatic urea synthesis. However, other modes of toxicity for DABA as well as other flatpea toxins may also contribute to this process of intoxication. Our evidence suggests that ruminal microbes are responsible for flatpea detoxification and host animal protection. The adaptation of sheep to flatpea may be a consequence of enhanced ruminal detoxification activity. Ruminal protective functions can be disrupted, however, through abrupt monensin feeding or the replacement of nonadapted for adapted rumen contents. This disruption temporarily suppresses mechanisms of ruminal detoxification. As a consequence sheep can again be made vulnerable to flatpea intoxication. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV. RP RASMUSSEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA KT745 UT WOS:A1993KT74500006 PM 8470353 ER PT J AU ROWE, LD IVIE, GW DELOACH, JR FOSTER, JG AF ROWE, LD IVIE, GW DELOACH, JR FOSTER, JG TI THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF MATURE FLATPEA (LATHYRUS-SYLVESTRIS-L-CV-LATHCO) ON SHEEP SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The toxic effects of mature, seed-bearing flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L cv Lathco) hay on sheep was studied in a feeding trial with 25 adult ewes. Five ewes were barren; 20 were in the last 10 w of pregnancy. The ewes were blocked by weight and reproductive status for assignment to treatment groups. Four groups of 5 ewes each were allotted to 1 of the following diets: 0% (controls), 35.0%, 52.5% or 70.0% flatpea (FP); and 1 group of 5 ewes was allotted to a diet of increasing levels of 17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0% FP. Flatpea hay was harvested in the mature, seed-bearing stage, pelleted, reground and incorporated into a basal (control) diet of 30% corn + 70% alfalfa by substitution of an appropriate amount of FP for alfalfa. The resulting diets were fed for up to 42 days. The toxic nature of FP was expressed by the following dose-related responses: Fluctuating reductions in feed intake upon initiation of diets containing 35% FP and above; occurrence of a potentially fatal, acute central nervous system syndrome at FP levels as low as 35%; and reduced weight gain at FP levels of 52.5% and above. A wasting condition was observed in 1 ewe fed 52.5% FP. Four of 5 ewes and 1 lamb fed increasing levels of FP developed acute poisoning. One of these ewes developed acute neurotoxicosis when consuming 52.5% FP; 3 other ewes and 1 40-d-old orphaned lamb developed neurotoxicosis upon raising the FP level to 70.0% Eighteen lambs were born to 16 FP-fed ewes in this study; there was no evidence that FP feeding adversely affected late pregnancy, parturition, lactation, or lamb health. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP ROWE, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA KT745 UT WOS:A1993KT74500007 PM 8470354 ER PT J AU STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS AF STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS TI MONITORING EXPERIMENTAL SWINE-DYSENTERY - RECTAL SWAB BLOOD-TEST AND SERPULINA (TREPONEMA) HYODYSENTERIAE DETECTION SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION AB In two experiments, ten postweaning piglets were inoculated intragastrically with cultures of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae strain B204 and were individually monitored for swine dysentery. Eight control animals received sterile culture medium. Between the day of inoculation and 35 days later, rectal swab samples were assayed for fecal blood by means of a commercial test kit and for S. hyodysenteriae cells by direct (phase contrast) microscopy and selective culture methods. Optimal detection of S. hyodysenteriae required both microscopy and culturing. Of 41 rectal swab samples positive for fecal blood, 38 (93%) were positive by direct microscopy, by selective culture, or by both techniques. Of 118 samples negative for fecal blood, 115 (97%) were negative by direct microscopy, by selective culture, or by both techniques. Swab samples from control swine were negative for fecal blood. The fecal blood test was a convenient and reliable method for objectively monitoring individual animals with experimental swine dysentery. The occult blood test used in these studies might be generally useful for veterinary surgeons to monitor and diagnose swine intestinal disorders in which fecal blood is produced. RP STANTON, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90064-E PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA LB567 UT WOS:A1993LB56700010 PM 8506612 ER PT J AU JENSEN, MJ MOORE, DM AF JENSEN, MJ MOORE, DM TI PHENOTYPIC AND FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUSE ATTENUATED AND VIRULENT VARIANTS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS TYPE O1 CAMPOS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATION INITIATION SITE; ANTIBODY-RESISTANT MUTANTS; 4 ANTIGENIC SITES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINE STRAIN; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; APHTHOVIRUS STRAINS; CAPSID PROTEINS; CELL-LINE C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR PY 1993 VL 193 IS 2 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1168 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA KT924 UT WOS:A1993KT92400005 PM 8384748 ER PT J AU GERKE, HH VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF GERKE, HH VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI EVALUATION OF A 1ST-ORDER WATER TRANSFER TERM FOR VARIABLY SATURATED DUAL-POROSITY FLOW MODELS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; STRUCTURED SOILS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CRACKED SOIL; INFILTRATION; DIFFUSION; MOVEMENT; MASS; MACROPORES AB Variably saturated water flow in a dual-porosity medium may be described using two separate flow equations which are coupled by means of a sink source term GAMMA(w) to account for the transfer of water between the macropore (or fracture) and soil (or rock) matrix pore systems. In this study we propose a first-order rate expression for GAMMA(w) which assumes that water transfer is proportional to the difference in pressure head between the two pore systems. A general expression for the transfer coefficient alpha(w) was derived using Laplace transforms of the linearized horizontal flow equation. The value of alpha(w) could be related to the size and shape of the matrix blocks (or soil aggregates) and to the hydraulic conductivity K(a) of the matrix at the fracture/matrix interface. The transfer term GAMMA(w) was evaluated by comparing simulation results with those obtained with equivalent one- and two-dimensional single-porosity flow models. Accurate results were obtained when K(a) was evaluated using a simple arithmetic average of the interface conductivities associated with the fracture and matrix pressure heads. Results improved when an empirical scaling coefficient gamma(w) was included in alpha(w). A single value of 0.4 for gamma(w) was found to be applicable, irrespective of the hydraulic properties or the initial pressure head of the simulated system. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 47 TC 192 Z9 199 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1225 EP 1238 DI 10.1029/92WR02467 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KW178 UT WOS:A1993KW17800044 ER PT J AU THOMAS, RB LEWIS, J AF THOMAS, RB LEWIS, J TI A COMPARISON OF SELECTION AT LIST TIME AND TIME-STRATIFIED SAMPLING FOR ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Time-stratified sampling of sediment for estimating suspended load is introduced and compared to selection at list time (SALT) sampling. Both methods provide unbiased estimates of load and variance. The magnitude of the variance of the two methods is compared using five storm populations of suspended sediment flux derived from turbidity data. Under like conditions, the SALT coefficient of variation was 1.4-7.7 times that of time-stratified sampling. Time-stratified sampling performs well if the range of sediment flux in each stratum is small. This requirement can be met by using small sample sizes in many short strata. Theoretically, SALT sampling has the potential for smaller sampling variance; however, it is difficult to select an auxiliary variable that predicts flux well under diverse flow conditions. An ''optimum'' auxiliary variable formed from the largest storm performed about as well as time-stratified sampling for the larger storms. Time-stratified sampling ensures that specimens are collected in all storms, facilitating load estimation for individual storms. In contrast, SALT can better allocate sampling resources over different size storms, enabling efficient estimation of the total load for longer periods. Because time-stratified sampling is less sensitive to the way measurements are allocated to different parts of the population, it is preferred for estimating storm loads of multiple constituents from the same sample. RP THOMAS, RB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW ST,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1247 EP 1256 DI 10.1029/92WR02711 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KW178 UT WOS:A1993KW17800046 ER PT J AU WOOLHISER, DA KEEFER, TO REDMOND, KT AF WOOLHISER, DA KEEFER, TO REDMOND, KT TI SOUTHERN OSCILLATION EFFECTS ON DAILY PRECIPITATION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; MODELS; ENSO AB The effect of the Southern Oscillation on daily precipitation in the southwestern United States is examined by using the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) to perturb parameters of a stochastic daily precipitation model. Daily precipitation is modeled with a Markov chain-mixed exponential model and seasonal variability of model parameters is described by Fourier series. The hypothesized linkage between the SOI and the model parameters is of the form G(i)(N, t) = G(i)(t) + b(i)S(N, t - tau(i)) where G(i)(N; t) is the perturbed parameter i for day t of year N, G(i)(t) is the annually periodic parameter i for day t, b(i) is a coefficient, S is the SOI, and tau(i) is a lag in days. Daily precipitation data for 27 stations in California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico were analyzed. Perturbations of the logits of the dry-dry transition probabilities resulted in statistically significant improvements in the log likelihood function for 23 stations and perturbations of the mean daily rainfall resulted in significant increases for 18 stations. The most common lag identified was 90 days, suggesting the possibility of conditional simulations of daily precipitation. Seasonal effects were detected, confirming the results of previous analysis with groups of stations. C1 WESTERN REG CLIMATE CTR,RENO,NV 89506. RP WOOLHISER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1287 EP 1295 DI 10.1029/92WR02536 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KW178 UT WOS:A1993KW17800050 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA ALKHATIB, K AF BOYDSTON, RA ALKHATIB, K TI EFFICACY, SITE OF UPTAKE, AND RETENTION OF BROMOXYNIL IN COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS WITH CONVENTIONAL AND SPRINKLER APPLICATION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHEMIGATION; CARRIER VOLUME; SPRAY VOLUME; SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; MENTHA-CARDIACA; CHEAL AB Bromoxynil efficacy, uptake, translocation, and spray retention were investigated when bromoxynil was applied in conventional water volumes of 234 L ha-1 nd in simulated sprinkler irrigation at 127 000 L ha-1 to common lambsquarters. Bromoxynil controlled common lambsquarters similarly regardless of water volume, whereas injury to spearmint, a tolerant crop, was greatest using low water volume. Spray retention was 18 and 38 times greater on common lambsquarters and spearmint, respectively, when bromoxynil was applied in 234 L ha-1 than 127 000 L ha-1. Two weeks after applying bromoxynil in 127 000 L ha-1 water volume, common lambsquarters dry weight was 60% of the nontreated check where only soil was treated but was 5% of the nontreated check where only leaves were treated. Roots of lambsquarters absorbed 22% of C-14-bromoxynil applied to hydroponic solution by 7 d, but only 2% was translocated to the shoots. Percent absorption and translocation of foliar-applied C-14-bromoxynil were 15 and 6% greater, respectively, from 0.0096 g L-1 than from a 1.2 g L-1 bromoxynil solution by 24 h after application. Uptake of bromoxynil was 13% greater through lower than upper leaf surfaces. These results suggest efficacy of bromoxynil applied in large spray volumes is, in part, due to root uptake, efficient foliar uptake and translocation, and uptake from lower leaf surfaces. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,NW RES & EXT CTR,MT VERNON,WA 98273. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 166 EP 171 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300002 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW TANAKA, FS AF DONALD, WW TANAKA, FS TI THE GERMINATION STIMULANT AC94377 REDUCES SEED SURVIVAL OF WILD MUSTARD (SINAPIS-ARVENSIS) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GERMINATION STIMULATION; PHTHALIMIDES; SEED PERSISTENCE; SINAR ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; SUBSTITUTED PHTHALIMIDES; EMERGENCE; DORMANCY; SOIL AB Annual application of AC-94377 at 3.4 kg ha-1 in the field reduced survival of shallowly buried (1.25 cm deep), undisturbed wild mustard seed compared to untreated check seed in two 4-yr-long trials. By the second fall, greater than twofold more untreated check seed survived as did AC-94377-treated seed. Moreover, no AC-94377-treated seed survived beyond year three following treatment in fall alone or fall plus spring in each of 3 yr. In contrast, 25% of untreated check seed survived into the fall of year four. AC-94377 applied in spring alone, fall alone, or both spring and fall for each of 4 yr progressively reduced seed survival. Seed survival expressed as a percent of the initial number of seed buried was best modeled as a negative exponential function of time in years. In the greenhouse, more wild mustard seed on the soil surface established after AC-94377 treatment at 3.4 kg ha-1 when enclosed in large seed packets (5 by 12 cm), like those used in the field, than when in small seed packets (5 by 6.25 cm), whether or not the packets contained soil. When soil was added to either sized seed packet, fewer seed survived compared to seed not in seed packets or seed in packets without soil. Thus, it is likely that the field seed survival study underestimated effectiveness of AC-94377 to reduce wild mustard seed survival. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300005 ER PT J AU TEASDALE, JR DAUGHTRY, CST AF TEASDALE, JR DAUGHTRY, CST TI WEED SUPPRESSION BY LIVE AND DESICCATED HAIRY VETCH (VICIA-VILLOSA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; LIGHT SPECTRUM; SOIL TEMPERATURE; SOIL MOISTURE ID LEGUME COVER CROPS; NO-TILL CORN AB Hairy vetch was grown as a winter annual cover crop and evaluated for weed suppression when desiccated by paraquat or left alive until natural senescence in a 3-yr field experiment. Total weed density and biomass were variable in the desiccated hairy vetch treatment relative to a bare soil treatment but were consistently lower in the live hairy vetch treatment relative to the desiccated or bare soil treatments. An average of 87% of sites under live hairy vetch compared to 8% of sites under desiccated hairy vetch transmitted less than 1% of unobstructed sunlight. The red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) ratio of transmitted light was reduced by 70% under live hairy vetch compared to 17% under desiccated hairy vetch. Daily maximum soil temperature and diurnal soil temperature amplitude were reduced by live hairy vetch > desiccated hairy vetch > bare soil. Soil moisture content was greater under both live and desiccated hairy vetch compared to bare soil during droughty periods. Changes in light extinction, red to far-red ratio, and diurnal soil temperature amplitude were sufficient to explain greater weed suppression by live than desiccated hairy vetch. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TEASDALE, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 31 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300008 ER PT J AU SORENSON, BA WYSE, DL KOSKINEN, WC BUHLER, DD LUESCHEN, WE JORGENSON, MD AF SORENSON, BA WYSE, DL KOSKINEN, WC BUHLER, DD LUESCHEN, WE JORGENSON, MD TI FORMATION AND MOVEMENT OF C-14 ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEACHING; GROUND WATER QUALITY; C-14-HERBICIDES ID RING-LABELED COMPOUNDS; NO-TILLAGE PRACTICES; CHLORINATED DERIVATIVES; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; OUTDOOR CONDITIONS; S-TRIAZINES; SILT LOAM; ATRAZINE; METABOLITES; HYDROXYATRAZINE AB Formation and distribution of C-14-atrazine degradation products in the top 120 cm of soil were determined over 16 mo under field conditions in an Estherville sandy loam. After 16 mo, 78% of applied C-14 was still present in the soil. By 2 mo after treatment (MAT), C-14 had moved to the 30- to 40-cm depth; however, movement to depths greater than 40 cm was not observed. Greater than 98% of the C-14 remaining in the soil profile after 16 mo was in the top 20 cm. Twenty-seven percent of the C-14 applied was atrazine 16 MAT. Atrazine was the predominant C-14-compound in soil below 10 cm. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil. The proportion of C-14 as HA in the top 10 cm increased from 15% 2 MAT to 37% 16 MAT. Deethylatrazine (DEA) was the predominant degradation product at the 10- to 30-cm depth and accounted for up to 23% of the C-14 present in the 10- to 20-cm depth. Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 6% of the radioactivity recovered at any soil depth. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased as soil depth increased, indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. Detection of HA at depths greater than 10 cm appears to be due to in situ degradation of atrazine previously moved to that soil depth. The large amount of C-14 remaining in the soil 16 MAT suggests that a large pool of atrazine and its degradation products are present in the soil for an extended period following application and have the potential to contaminate ground water. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN. UNIV MINNESOTA,S EXP STN,WASECA,MN 56093. RP SORENSON, BA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300013 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R ALANIZ, MA DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R ALANIZ, MA DAVIS, MR TI CANOPY LIGHT REFLECTANCE AND REMOTE-SENSING OF SHIN OAK (QUERCUS-HAVARDII) AND ASSOCIATED VEGETATION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REFLECTANCE; COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; COLOR-INFRARED VIDEO IMAGERY; SPOT SATELLITE IMAGERY; RANGELANDS; QUEHV; PRCJG; ARTFI ID VIDEO IMAGERY; PLANT AB Shin oak is a deciduous shrub that forms dense stands of brush on sandy soils in rangeland areas of the Rolling and High Plains of Texas. Plant canopy reflectance measurements made on shin oak showed that it had both low visible (0.63- to 0.69-mum waveband) and near-infrared (0.76- to 0.90-mum waveband) reflectance values, a characteristic generally not shared by associated plant species or mixtures of species. The low reflectance values of shin oak caused it to have dark-red, reddish-brown, or brown image tones on color-infrared photographic, videographic, and SPOT satellite images that made it distinguishable from associated vegetation and other land use features. The optimum time to remotely distinguish this noxious shrub is during the mature phenological stage from June to September. Computer-based image analyses of video and satellite images showed that shin oak populations could be quantified. This technique can permit ''percent land area'' estimates of shin oak on rangelands. The aerial imagery is useful for detecting shin oak on smaller rangeland areas, whereas the satellite imagery is applicable in mapping large areas of shin oak distribution. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300020 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD MAXWELL, BD AF BUHLER, DD MAXWELL, BD TI SEED SEPARATION AND ENUMERATION FROM SOIL USING K2CO3-CENTRIFUGATION AND IMAGE-ANALYSIS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IMAGE CAPTURE; SOIL SEEDBANK; WEED SEEDBANK AB This research presents a modified floatation method to extract weed seed from soil samples and an automated imaging technique to enumerate seed following extraction. Rapid floatation of weed seed from soil in a K2CO3 solution was facilitated by centrifugation. High recovery of seed from soil samples was accomplished in a relatively short time. Recovery of seed of giant foxtail and velvetleaf from a silt loam soil was near 100% and recovery of redroot pigweed was 86%. Germination of common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf seed was reduced by exposure to K2CO3 under certain conditions. However, these reductions do not appear to reduce the utility of this extraction technique. The automated image capture technique for counting seed showed similar limitations as with manual counting. Seed count accuracy generally decreased with increased number of seed and smaller seed sizes. In general, the image capture technique compared favorably with manual seed counting and has the potential to further improve seedbank assessment methods. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300021 ER PT J AU HARVEY, SJ FORCELLA, F AF HARVEY, SJ FORCELLA, F TI VERNAL SEEDLING EMERGENCE MODEL FOR COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS (CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER MODELING; WEEDS; SOIL TEMPERATURE; SOIL MOISTURE; CHEAL ID GERMINATION; NITRATE; TEMPERATURE; SEEDS; DORMANCY; TIME AB Knowledge of timing and extent of weed emergence before and immediately after crop seedbed preparation is needed to decrease need for preplant herbicides and increase efficacy of postemergence weed control in crops with either mechanical or chemical methods. Such knowledge is important for weeds that infest most crops over a wide area. For these reasons a mechanistic seedling emergence model based solely on soil temperature was developed for common lambsquarters. The model was validated using four sets of field data collected in 1988, 1990, and 1991 near Morris, MN. Agreement of predicted and observed emergence values across all site-years was 0.95 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.98 (P < 0.001). Agreement for individual site-years was 0.96, 1.08, 1.08, and 0.98 and associated R2 values were 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 (P < 0.001 for each site-year), indicating close agreement between predicted and actual emergence values. RP HARVEY, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERV RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LQ243 UT WOS:A1993LQ24300023 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG HANKS, JE AF MCWHORTER, CG HANKS, JE TI EFFECT OF SPRAY VOLUME AND PRESSURE ON POSTEMERGENCE JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) CONTROL SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FENOXAPROP; FLUAZIFOP; FLUAZIFOP-P; HALOXYFOP; QUIZALOFOP; SETHOXYDIM; SPRAY PARTICLE; DROPLET; SPRAY COVERAGE; SOYBEAN; SORHA AB Fenoxaprop, fluazifop/fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, and quizalofop at 0.14 kg ai ha-1 and sethoxydim at 0.28 kg ai ha-1 were applied broadcast over-the-top in spray volumes of 94 and 374 L ha-1, each at 138 and 345 kPa, to control johnsongrass in soybeans over a 5-yr period. The two spray volumes provided equal control, but control was better when treatments were applied at 345 kPa than at 138 kPa. There were no significant interactions among herbicides, spray volumes, or spray pressures. Most of the spray was deposited on the upper surface of the plant canopy. Less than 10% of the herbicide spray applied penetrated into the canopy onto water-sensitive spray cards located 10, 20, 30, or 40 cm above the ground. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPL TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 304 EP 310 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LN571 UT WOS:A1993LN57100003 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG ANDERSON, JM AF MCWHORTER, CG ANDERSON, JM TI EFFECTS OF JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE), HEMP SESBANIA (SESBANIA-EXALTATA), AND DELAYED HARVEST ON SOYBEANS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERFERENCE; SOYBEAN GRADES; WEED COMPETITION AB The effect of delayed harvest was investigated with two soybean cultivars that were grown weed free or in competition with johnsongrass or hemp sesbania over a 3-yr period. Johnsongrass reduced the yield of early-maturing 'Hill' soybean 32, 35, and 36% when harvested at an average of 1, 2, or 3 wk after maturity, when compared to weed-free yields of 2490, 2430, and 2270 kg ha-1, respectively. Late-maturing 'Lee 68' yields were reduced 27, 29, and 39% on three harvest dates compared to weed-free yields of 2570, 2310, and 2200 kg ha-1, respectively. Seed grades of both cultivars improved with delayed harvest, but this was offset when johnsongrass was present. Hemp sesbania reduced yields of Hill 23% on the first harvest date and 26% on the second and third dates. Yields of Lee 68 were reduced 16, 22, and 28% by hemp sesbania on three successive harvest dates. The value of soybean yields adjusted for excessive foreign material, moisture, and damaged kernels was decreased by delayed harvest when hemp sesbania was present in Lee 68 and when johnsongrass was present in both cultivars. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPL TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 355 EP 360 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LN571 UT WOS:A1993LN57100012 ER PT J AU EGLEY, GH HANKS, JE BOYETTE, CD AF EGLEY, GH HANKS, JE BOYETTE, CD TI INVERT EMULSION DROPLET SIZE AND MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; HEMP SESBANIA; SPRAY FORMULATION; AIR-ASSIST SPRAYER; SESBANIA-EXALTATA; SEBEX AB When formulated and sprayed in an invert emulsion (IE), conidia of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum, controlled hemp sesbania in the absence of dew. To optimize hemp sesbania control, formulation droplet size influence upon the pathogen's germination and pathogenicity was investigated. Conidia germination in manually produced IE droplets decreased from 46% to 5% as droplet diameter decreased from 2700 to 900 mum. Droplet size did not affect appressoria formation. On a per conidium basis, 900-mum droplets were more pathogenic to detached hemp sesbania leaves than were 2100-mum droplets. An air-assist spray system produced droplet spectra with volume median diameters of 421 and 104 mum, respectively. The spectrum of smaller droplets covered the target better than did that of larger droplets. When applied to whole hemp sesbania plants in greenhouse trials, conidia in the smaller and larger droplet spectra gave 90 and 94% control, respectively. Sufficient conidia germinated in IE droplets of a variety of sizes to control hemp sesbania excellently. RP EGLEY, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LN571 UT WOS:A1993LN57100022 ER PT J AU WESTBROOKS, RG GROSS, G AF WESTBROOKS, RG GROSS, G TI WEED ALERT .2. SERRATED TUSSOCK (NASSELLA-TRICHOTOMA) IN THE UNITED-STATES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP WESTBROOKS, RG (reprint author), USDA,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WHITEVILLE PLANT METHODS CTR,NOXIOUS WEED RES STN,WHITEVILLE,NC 28472, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 525 EP 529 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LN571 UT WOS:A1993LN57100039 ER PT J AU HON, DNS FEIST, WC AF HON, DNS FEIST, WC TI INTERACTION OF SULFUR-DIOXIDE AND NITRIC-OXIDE WITH PHOTOIRRADIATED WOOD SURFACES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ESR; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; CELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSES; LIGNIN; SULFONYL RADICAL; SULFITE RADICAL; NITROSO; NITRITE; SULFINIC ACID; SULFONATE ESTER AB Photoinduced free radicals on a southern pine sur-face were examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Phenoxy and carbon radicals were generated in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. While most of the phenoxy radicals were stable at 25 C, carbon and alkoxy radicals were unstable at that temperature. Nitric oxide readily reacted with carbon and alkoxy radicals to produce nonradical nitroso and nitrite products, respectively. However, only a portion of carbon radicals reacted with sulfur dioxide to produce sulfonyl radicals. Alkoxy radicals were reactive with sulfur dioxide to produce sulfite radicals. Sulfonyl and sulfite radicals were unstable at 25 C and terminated rapidly to form sulfinic acid and sulfonate ester, respectively. Phenoxy radicals were inert toward sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Reaction mechanisms among photoinduced free radicals, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxide are discussed. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP HON, DNS (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,WOOD CHEM LAB,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LE627 UT WOS:A1993LE62700003 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, SA HANSEN, BG AF SINCLAIR, SA HANSEN, BG TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURCHASE DECISIONS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OFFICE FURNITURE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DETERMINANT ATTRIBUTES; SERVICE; PURCHASING EXECUTIVES ID PRODUCT QUALITY; PERFORMANCE AB The use of multiple attributes to measure attitudes and predisposition to certain behavior in marketing was developed in the 1970s in studies aimed at identifying determinant attributes. Rising concerns over quality in the 1980s saw similar use of attributes to define quality. Some authors of these latter studies infer that quality and determinant attributes are one and the same; however, no studies were found that directly examined this relationship. This study was undertaken to examine the determinant attribute/quality attribute relationship in office furniture. More than 260 purchasing executives nationwide participated in rating 26 product and dealer/manufacturer attributes on the basis of their influence on purchase decisions and on the basis of their use in assessing quality. Respondents rated attributes on importance and on the degree of difference in a particular attribute among the products and services available to them, The three most important attributes respondents used to rate quality were: (1) absence of defects, (2) delivery on schedule, and (3) structural integrity. The three most important attributes influencing purchase decisions were: (1) absence of defects, (2) structural integrity, and (3) reliability. Results indicate a very high correlation between purchase decisions and quality assessment in the relative rankings of the 26 attributes. However, the results suggest that purchasing executives place more importance on attributes in the purchase decision but may perceive bigger differences in the attributes when assessing quality. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP SINCLAIR, SA (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 142 EP 152 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LE627 UT WOS:A1993LE62700004 ER PT J AU GEIMER, RL CLEMONS, CM WOOD, JE AF GEIMER, RL CLEMONS, CM WOOD, JE TI DENSITY RANGE OF COMPRESSION-MOLDED POLYPROPYLENE-WOOD COMPOSITES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE THERMOPLASTIC; FIBERBOARD; POLYPROPYLENE; DENSITY; COMPRESSION MOLDING AB Wood and polypropylene fibers were mixed together in various proportions and compression-molded to boards of various specific gravities. The full theoretical specific gravity range could not be obtained even when the boards were cooled in the press. Voids surrounding the wood fibers possibly were due to the shrinkage of the wood fiber following pressing. Bending and tension properties were influenced more by the compression of the wood fibers than by the percentage of wood fiber addition. RP GEIMER, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LE627 UT WOS:A1993LE62700006 ER PT J AU JACKS, TJ HENSARLING, TP LEGENDRE, MG BUCO, SM AF JACKS, TJ HENSARLING, TP LEGENDRE, MG BUCO, SM TI PERMANENT GASES INSIDE HEALTHY AND MICROBIALLY INFECTED COTTON FRUIT DURING DEVELOPMENT SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article RP JACKS, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 31 PY 1993 VL 191 IS 3 BP 1284 EP 1287 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1356 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KV405 UT WOS:A1993KV40500074 PM 8466505 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ OWENS, LB AF EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ OWENS, LB TI GAS, WATER AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN SOILS CONTAINING MACROPORES - A REVIEW OF METHODOLOGY SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CRACKING CLAY SOIL; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; NO-TILL; TENSION INFILTROMETER; PREFERENTIAL MOVEMENT; SOLUTION SAMPLERS; STRUCTURED SOILS; PORE STRUCTURE; SWELLING SOIL AB The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil bodies, interacting with weather, management practices, and chemical and biological processes, influence the movement of gas, water, and solutes in cropland ecosystems. The activities of soil biota, especially through their effects on soil porosity, impact on these properties and processes. This paper reviews methods for measuring flow into and through the soil, with emphasis on the techniques being developed to assess the importance of biological activity on the flow characteristics of soils. The discussion of methods used to characterize gas, water, and solute transport in soils addresses conditions under which their use may or may not be appropriate and the need for further methodology development. RP EDWARDS, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED, COSHOCTON, OH 43812 USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 97 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR 30 PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(93)90146-C PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KY593 UT WOS:A1993KY59300002 ER PT J AU ZUERNER, RL AF ZUERNER, RL TI GENOMIC STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, AND REARRANGEMENT IN LEPTOSPIRA SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96501083 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MW AF WILLIAMS, MW TI NEW CHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING FRUIT-SET OF APPLE TO OFFSET BIENNIAL BEARING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 1 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100114 ER PT J AU LEGENDRE, BL CLARKE, MA GODSHALL, MA AF LEGENDRE, BL CLARKE, MA GODSHALL, MA TI BIOREGULATOR-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF SUGARCANE - EFFECTS OF TOPS ON PROCESSING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES INST,HOUMA,LA 70360. SUGAR PROC RES INST INC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 2 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100115 ER PT J AU GREANY, PD MCDONALD, RE SCHROEDER, WJ SHAW, PE ALUJA, M MALAVASI, A AF GREANY, PD MCDONALD, RE SCHROEDER, WJ SHAW, PE ALUJA, M MALAVASI, A TI USE OF GIBBERELLIC-ACID TO REDUCE CITRUS-FRUIT SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FRUIT-FLIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. INST ECOL,VERACRUZ,MEXICO. UNIV SAO PAULO,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 3 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100116 ER PT J AU MCDONOUGH, LM DAVIS, HG AF MCDONOUGH, LM DAVIS, HG TI ASPECTS OF CONTROLLING CODLING MOTH INFESTATIONS IN APPLE ORCHARDS BY DISRUPTING MATING WITH SEMIOCHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA,WA 98902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 5 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100118 ER PT J AU LEONHARDT, BA CUNNINGHAM, RT CHAMBERS, DL AVERY, W AF LEONHARDT, BA CUNNINGHAM, RT CHAMBERS, DL AVERY, W TI DEVELOPMENT OF DISPENSING SYSTEMS FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY ATTRACTANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HILO,HI 96720. USDA,APHIS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 6 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100119 ER PT J AU SVOBODA, JA NES, WD AF SVOBODA, JA NES, WD TI EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF STEROID UTILIZATION IN INSECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 6 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100006 ER PT J AU GUSTINE, DL SHERWOOD, RT MOYER, BG LUKEZIC, FL AF GUSTINE, DL SHERWOOD, RT MOYER, BG LUKEZIC, FL TI METABOLITES OF PSEUDOMONAS-CORRUGATA ELICIT PLANT DEFENSE REACTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 10 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100123 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL AF ABIDI, SL TI HPLC-THERMOSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PISCICIDAL TOXICANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,FQSR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 13 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100239 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA TI REVERSED-PHASE HPLC ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENCE LABELED PHOSPHOLIPIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 14 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100240 ER PT J AU NES, WD AF NES, WD TI DESIGNING MOLECULAR ASYMMETRY - A CASE OF VITALITY VERSUS VITALISM AND DARWINISM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,MICROBIAL PROD RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 16 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100016 ER PT J AU SEVERSON, RF CHORTYK, OT PITTARELLI, GW NEAL, JW BUTA, JG JACKSON, DM SISSON, VA AF SEVERSON, RF CHORTYK, OT PITTARELLI, GW NEAL, JW BUTA, JG JACKSON, DM SISSON, VA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL PESTICIDES FROM NICOTIANA-GOSSEI SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,OXFORD,NC 27565. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 18 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100131 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW WILSON, RL AF SNOOK, ME WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW WILSON, RL TI NEW FLAVONOL-C-GLYCOSIDES FROM CORN (ZEA-MAYS L) FOR THE CONTROL OF THE CORN-EARWORM (HELICOVERPA-ZEA) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV IOWA,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 19 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100132 ER PT J AU STIPANOVIC, RD HOWELL, CR AF STIPANOVIC, RD HOWELL, CR TI USE OF TRIAZOLES TO INHIBIT THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE PHYTOTOXIN VIRIDIOL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 20 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100133 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP AF HEDIN, PA DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP TI 2-HYDROXY-4,7-DIMETHOXY-1,4-BENZOXAZIN-3-ONE (N-O-ME-DIMBOA), A POSSIBLE TOXIC FACTOR IN CORN TO THE SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 21 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100134 ER PT J AU SIMMS, PJ HOTCHKISS, AT IRWIN, PL HICKS, KB AF SIMMS, PJ HOTCHKISS, AT IRWIN, PL HICKS, KB TI THE SEPARATION OF OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS BY HPLC USING A BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN BONDED PHASE COLUMN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 22 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100534 ER PT J AU AHLGREN, JA AF AHLGREN, JA TI PURIFICATION OF A XANTHAN DEPOLYMERASE FROM A HEAT-STABLE, SALT-TOLERANT BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 24 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100536 ER PT J AU LASZLO, JA DINTZIS, FR LEHRFELD, J HALLENGREN, MM AF LASZLO, JA DINTZIS, FR LEHRFELD, J HALLENGREN, MM TI CROP RESIDUES AS ION-EXCHANGE RESINS FOR WASTE-WATER TREATMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 24 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98102195 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY ULLAH, AHJ SANDERS, TH AF CHUNG, SY ULLAH, AHJ SANDERS, TH TI CHANGES IN PROTEINS DURING PEANUT CURING AS DETECTED BY AN IMMOBILIZED ANHYDROTRYPSIN AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MQHR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 26 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100026 ER PT J AU LARSEN, GL BERGMAN, A KLASSONWEHLER, E AF LARSEN, GL BERGMAN, A KLASSONWEHLER, E TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FATTY-ACID BINDING-PROTEINS WHICH BIND 4,4'-BIS(METHYLSULFONYL)-2,2',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL - ISOLATION FROM VARIOUS TISSUES OF FARM-ANIMALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58102. UNIV STOCKHOLM,WALLENBERG LAB,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 26 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100137 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, NF MEDINA, MB AF CAMPBELL, NF MEDINA, MB TI AFFINITY CLEANUP OF HYGROMYCIN-B FOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 27 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100027 ER PT J AU SNYDER, JM KING, JW AF SNYDER, JM KING, JW TI ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE AND SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM MEAT SAMPLES BY SUPERCRITICAL AND DYNAMIC HEADSPACE METHODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,MWA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 28 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100028 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME DATA, ES KAYS, SJ AF SNOOK, ME DATA, ES KAYS, SJ TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND QUANTITATION OF HEXADECYL-OCTADECYL-ESTERS, AND EICOSYL-ESTERS OF P-COUMARIC AND FERULIC ACIDS IN THE LATEX OF SWEET-POTATO CULTIVARS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. VISAYAS STATE COLL AGR,BAYBAY,PHILIPPINES. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 32 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100032 ER PT J AU FESTE, AS KHAN, I AF FESTE, AS KHAN, I TI THE QUANTITATION OF GLUCOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 33 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100033 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, IA ATALLA, RH AGARWAL, UP MINOR, JL PETTY, C AF WEINSTOCK, IA ATALLA, RH AGARWAL, UP MINOR, JL PETTY, C TI FT RAMAN STUDIES OF A POLYOXOMETALATE (POLYOX) BLEACHING SYSTEM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NICOLET INSTRUMENTS CORP,MADISON,WI 53711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 33 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100628 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WE PLIMMER, JR AF JOHNSON, WE PLIMMER, JR TI PHOTOLYSIS RATE OF ATRAZINE IN BULK RIVER WATER COMPARED TO THE OVERLYING SURFACE MICROLAYER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ABC LABS,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 34 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100145 ER PT J AU IBRAHIM, A MOATS, WA AF IBRAHIM, A MOATS, WA TI THE EFFECT OF COOKING PROCEDURES ON RESIDUES OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN LAMB SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CAIRO UNIV,FAC VET MED,DEPT FOOD HYG,CAIRO,EGYPT. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 36 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100036 ER PT J AU HUGHES, DJ FLEET, GWJ MOLYNEAUX, RJ WINCHESTER, BG AF HUGHES, DJ FLEET, GWJ MOLYNEAUX, RJ WINCHESTER, BG TI SYNTHESIS AND EFFECTS ON HUMAN LIVER GLYCOSIDASES OF 6-DEOXY-DMDP SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OXFORD,DYSON PERRINS LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QY,ENGLAND. USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV LONDON,INST CHILD HLTH,LONDON,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 39 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100551 ER PT J AU TSCHURSIN, E WOLF, WR LACROIX, DE AF TSCHURSIN, E WOLF, WR LACROIX, DE TI DETERMINATION OF SELENIUM IN WHEAT GLUTEN RM-8418 USING A MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 40 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100266 ER PT J AU GARDNER, HW AF GARDNER, HW TI CONTRIBUTION OF THE LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY TO FOOD FLAVORS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,N CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES PHYTOPROD RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 42 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100042 ER PT J AU FESTE, AS KHAN, I AF FESTE, AS KHAN, I TI HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF GLUCOOLIGOSACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 43 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100555 ER PT J AU VERCELLOTTI, JR CHUNG, SY BETT, KL SANDERS, TH GAREGG, P SEFFERS, P AF VERCELLOTTI, JR CHUNG, SY BETT, KL SANDERS, TH GAREGG, P SEFFERS, P TI METHYLATION ANALYSIS AND ION CHROMATOGRAPHY PAD OF SUGARS AND REDUCTONES IN CONCENTRATED PEANUT FLAVOR PRECURSOR EXTRACTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV STOCKHOLM,ARRHENIUS LAB,DEPT ORGAN CHEM,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 44 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100556 ER PT J AU VILLET, RH AF VILLET, RH TI BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH MARGIN COPRODUCTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 44 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301586 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK AF FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK TI MODELING MALTOSE WITH MM3(92) IN A MINICRYSTAL AND IN ISOLATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 45 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100557 ER PT J AU WATERHOUSE, AL LIU, J CHATTERTON, NJ AF WATERHOUSE, AL LIU, J CHATTERTON, NJ TI FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS-RANDOM SOLUTION STATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VITICULTURE & ENOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 46 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100558 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, M AF JACOBSON, M TI ANTIFERTILITY EFFECTS OF NEEM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 55 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100166 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM GRIMM, C STANGELO, AJ MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM GRIMM, C STANGELO, AJ MILLER, JA TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO THE PRODUCTION OF LIPID VOLATILES FROM BEEF SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL RES PROGRAM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 55 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100055 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC AF DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC TI HERBICIDAL EVALUATION OF POLYMERIC MICROCAPSULES OF ALACHLOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 59 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100170 ER PT J AU FRANCE, LL AF FRANCE, LL TI MODELING BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PEPTIDES - AN APPLICATION OF CIRCULAR-DICHROISM, USING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, AND MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 63 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100063 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM TI GLOBAL SECONDARY STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS IN SOLUTION BY RESOLUTION ENHANCED DECONVOLUTION FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY IN WATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 65 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100065 ER PT J AU TERASHIMA, N LANDUCCI, LL RALPH, SA ATALLA, RH AF TERASHIMA, N LANDUCCI, LL RALPH, SA ATALLA, RH TI A NEW PREPARATION OF POLYLIGNOLS UNDER CONDITIONS WHICH APPROXIMATE CELL-WALL LIGNIFICATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 65 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100660 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, TP KLEIMAN, R HARRYOKURU, RE GORDON, SH GREENE, RV AF ABBOTT, TP KLEIMAN, R HARRYOKURU, RE GORDON, SH GREENE, RV TI FTIR MICROSPECTROSCOPY OF BIOPOLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNION UNIV,JACKSON,TN 38305. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 66 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100066 ER PT J AU KLEMANLEYER, KM GILKES, NR MILLER, RC KIRK, TK AF KLEMANLEYER, KM GILKES, NR MILLER, RC KIRK, TK TI CHANGES IN THE MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF COTTON CELLULOSE BY THE ACTION OF ISOLATED CELLULOMONAS-FIMI CELLULASES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 67 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100662 ER PT J AU LEHOTAY, SJ ARGAUER, RJ AF LEHOTAY, SJ ARGAUER, RJ TI USE OF COMMERCIAL ELISA KITS FOR DETECTING ALACHLOR, ALDICARB AND CARBOFURAN IN MILK, MEAT, AND LIVER BELOW TOLERANCE LEVELS AFTER RAPID EXTRACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 68 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100179 ER PT J AU RICE, LG ROSS, PF COATS, JR AF RICE, LG ROSS, PF COATS, JR TI ANALYSIS OF FUMONISINS IN GRAINS AND FEEDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 69 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100180 ER PT J AU BROWN, EM KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF BROWN, EM KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM TI SPECIES VARIATION IN THE PREDICTION OF STRUCTURES FOR APOLIPOPROTEIN-A1 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 73 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100073 ER PT J AU ROSS, JBA HASSELBACHER, CA KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G LAUE, TM GUHA, A NEMERSON, Y KONIGSBERG, WH RUSINOVA, E LAWS, WR WAXMAN, E AF ROSS, JBA HASSELBACHER, CA KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G LAUE, TM GUHA, A NEMERSON, Y KONIGSBERG, WH RUSINOVA, E LAWS, WR WAXMAN, E TI TESTING A FTIR-CONSISTENT MODEL FOR HUMAN TISSUE FACTOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT BIOCHEM,DURHAM,NH 03824. YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 75 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100075 ER PT J AU FARNSWORTH, PN KUMOSINSKI, TL KING, GL GROTHVASSELLI, B AF FARNSWORTH, PN KUMOSINSKI, TL KING, GL GROTHVASSELLI, B TI 3-D STRUCTURE OF ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN USING MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS - A WORKING MODEL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NEWARK,NJ 07103. USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 76 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100076 ER PT J AU PIAZZA, GJ AF PIAZZA, GJ TI FATTY HYDROPEROXIDE FORMATION IN MICROEMULSIONS CONTAINING SURFACTANT AND ORGANIC-SOLVENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 76 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100405 ER PT J AU SINGH, HK COTE, GL SIKORSKI, S AF SINGH, HK COTE, GL SIKORSKI, S TI REGIOSELECTIVE ENZYMATIC DEACYLATION OF 2',3',5'-TRI-O-ACYL-RIBONUCLEOSIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BRADLEY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PEORIA,IL 61625. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 76 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100588 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH TI SENSITIVITY OF RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY TO AROMATIC-RING CONJUGATED STRUCTURES IN LIGNINS AND MODEL COMPOUNDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 80 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100675 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HL AF JOHNSON, HL TI THE REQUIREMENTS FOR FLUID REPLACEMENT DURING HEAVY SWEATING AND BENEFITS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND MINERALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 81 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100081 ER PT J AU KING, G BARFORD, RA AF KING, G BARFORD, RA TI CALCULATIONS OF ASSOCIATION FREE-ENERGIES - SEPARATION OF ELECTROSTATIC AND HYDROPHOBIC CONTRIBUTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 84 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100084 ER EF