FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU MESSINA, MG DUNCAN, JE AF MESSINA, MG DUNCAN, JE TI ESTABLISHMENT OF HARDWOOD TREE AND SHRUB SPECIES ON A TEXAS LIGNITE MINE USING IRRIGATION, MULCH AND SHADE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS; REVEGETATION; MINESOILS AB Hardwood tree and shrub species were planted in 1989 and 1990 to determine survival value of irrigation, mulch and artificial shade in 1989 and irrigation only in 1990. Mean 1989 survival was significantly (alpha=0.05) increased by irrigation (61% vs. 35%), whereas mulch and shade appeared to have no effect. A subset of the 1989 plots was irrigated again in 1990, and new plots were established. Mulch and shade were discontinued as treatments. The 1990 survival of the 1989 planting showed that irrigation during a second year had no additional effect on survival (41% irrigated in 1989; 42% irrigated in both 1989 and 1990; 25% never irrigated). Survival of the 1990 seedlings was lower than in 1989, but was significantly (alpha=0.05) increased by irrigation (38% vs. 22%). The research tested a simple, mobile irrigation system that can be economically applied to similar situations. C1 US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP MESSINA, MG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT FOREST SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA LX649 UT WOS:A1993LX64900006 ER PT J AU SISINNI, SM ANDERSON, MO AF SISINNI, SM ANDERSON, MO TI METHODS AND RESULTS OF NATURAL-RESOURCE ASSESSMENTS IN NEW-YORK-CITY, NEW-YORK SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article AB In 1985, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, in cooperation with the US Forest Service, developed methods to evaluate urban natural resources. The project had two phases: (1) a city-wide inventory of natural resources and (2) individual park ecological assessments. Results of these studies were used to develop a preliminary database, city-wide natural resources policies and park-specific management plans. Methods used in New York City can be tailored to the unique conditions of cities throughout the country. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT PARKS & RECREAT,ENVIRONM SERV,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP SISINNI, SM (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,5 MOON LIB,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 114 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA LX649 UT WOS:A1993LX64900007 ER PT J AU NELSON, GJ MORRIS, VC SCHMIDT, PC LEVANDER, O AF NELSON, GJ MORRIS, VC SCHMIDT, PC LEVANDER, O TI THE URINARY-EXCRETION OF THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND MALONDIALDEHYDE BY NORMAL ADULT MALES AFTER CONSUMING A DIET CONTAINING SALMON SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MALONALDEHYDE; LIPOPROTEINS; INVITRO; INVIVO; OIL; MEN AB In this study we investigated the output of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-MDA adduct, in the urine from subjects eating a diet in which the only source of n-3 long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids was fresh salmon. Nine healthy men, ages 30-65, were confined in the United States Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center, San Francisco, CA, for 100 d; food intake and exercise levels were controlled. All subjects were placed on a stabilization diet (StD) for 20 d, then six were fed the salmon diet for 40 d. The others remained on the StD. The groups switched diets for the last 40 d. Both diets were isocaloric (16% protein, 54% CHO and 30% fat by energy %). The salmon diet contained 7.5% of calories from n-6 fatty acids (FAs) and 2% from n-3 FAs, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in a 50:60 ratio, while the StD contained 7.5% from n-6 FAs and < 0.3% n-3 FAs (with presumably no significant amounts of C20 or C22 n-3 FAs). Twenty-four hour urinary output was collected, and 2% 3-d pool samples prepared for analysis of urinary TBARS and the TBA-MDA adduct. The total urinary output of each individual varied considerably, and on a daily basis the concentration of autoxidation products in an individual's urine varied also. However, the mean daily output (in mumoles TBA-MDA equivalents/day) at the end of the salmon diet feeding period was significantly greater (7.05 +/- 1.33 TBARS, P < 0.05; and 7.07 +/- 1.73 TBA-MDA adduct, P < 0.01) compared to when the subjects were eating the StD (5.65 +/- 1.09 TBARS and 4.65 +/- 0.76 TBA-MDA adduct). When the TBARS and TBA-MDA adduct values were normalized relative to creatinine output (in nmoles TBA-MDA equivalents/mumole creatinine), the data achieved even greater statistical significance. The mean output of the group eating the salmon diet was 0.478 +/- 0.076 for TBARS (P < 0.01) and 0.476 +/- 0.082 for the TBA-MDA adduct (P < 0.001) vs. 0.345 +/- 0.059 for TBARS and 0.283 +/- 0.041 for the TBA-MDA adduct when the subjects were consuming the StD. Thus, the consumption of cooked fish may increase one's exposure to MDA and other autoxidation products, compounds that may be carcinogenic or mutagenic. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NELSON, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1007/BF02536000 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LT265 UT WOS:A1993LT26500015 PM 8377591 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, GW GLADU, PK WIKFORS, GH PARISH, EJ LIVANT, PD LUSBY, WR AF PATTERSON, GW GLADU, PK WIKFORS, GH PARISH, EJ LIVANT, PD LUSBY, WR TI IDENTIFICATION OF 2 NOVEL DIHYDROXYSTEROLS FROM PAVLOVA SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR; ALGAL; STEROLS; GROWTH AB Pavlova gyrans and P. lutheri were cultured, and the dihydroxysterols were isolated from the free sterol and the polar sterol fractions. Four dihydroxysterols were detected in amounts greater than 1% of total sterol by gas chromatography and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The two principal sterols were isolated by chromatography on alumina followed by hydrophobic Sephadex column chromatography. The two sterols appeared to differ by having either a methyl or an ethyl group at C-24; they were termed ''methylpavlovol'' and ''ethylpavlovol.'' Analysis by 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance showed that methylpavlovol is 4alpha,24beta-dimethylcholestan-3beta,4beta-diol and ethylpavlovol is 4alpha-methyl,24beta-ethylcholestan-3beta,4beta-diol. The 4alpha-methyl, 4beta-hydroxy configuration has not been observed previously in a natural sterol. Dihydroxysterols make up approximately one-third of the total sterols in these Pavlova species. Neither the biosynthetic origin of these dihydroxysterols nor their role in the biochemistry of Pavlova is known. C1 LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AUBURN,AL 36849. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460. USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BOT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 771 EP 773 DI 10.1007/BF02536003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LT265 UT WOS:A1993LT26500018 ER PT J AU CHOI, HM MOREAU, JP AF CHOI, HM MOREAU, JP TI OIL SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS SORBENTS STUDIED BY SORPTION CAPACITY MEASUREMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; MILKWEED; KAPOK; POLYPROPYLENE; BICOMPONENT FIBER; BICONSTITUENT FIBER; ADSORPTION; ABSORPTION; CAPILLARY ACTION AB Oil sorption capacities of various natural and man-made fibrous sorbents were compared in a simulated seawater bath containing oil. Natural sorbents such as milkweed, kapok, cotton, and wool showed higher sorption capacities than man-made sorbents such as polyester, polypropylene, viscose rayon, nylon 6, nylon 66, and acetate. Sorption capacities of the natural sorbents were over 30 g oil/g fiber. No definite advantages were observed using man-made bicomponent and biconstituent fibers over regular man-made fibers with respect to their sorption capacity. Analyses of sorption mechanisms using an environmental scanning electron microscope revealed that an oil deposit disappeared from the fiber surface after a certain time interval in milkweed, kapok, and cotton. This suggested that the sorption of oil in these fibers occurred through capillary action, probably due to their hollow lumens. Contrarily, adsorption, a surface phenomenon, would be the most prominent mechanism for oil sorption of wool fibers due to large amounts of surface wax, irregular scaly surfaces, and crimp. Effects of both adsorption and absorption were shown in the oil sorption of man-made fibers, depending upon the type and shape of the sorbent. Dumbbell-like oil deposits were seen on the fiber surface in certain oleophilic man-made fibers, because of a partial wetting of oil on the fiber surface. For some hydrophilic man-made fibers such as polyvinylalcohol and copolymer of isobutylene-maleic anhydride, the physical configuration of the fiber was a decisive factor in determining oil sorpton capacity of the sorbents. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP CHOI, HM (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CLOTHING TEXT & INTERIOR DESIGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 18 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1002/jemt.1070250516 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA LN846 UT WOS:A1993LN84600015 PM 8400439 ER PT J AU PESCHKE, VM SACHS, MM AF PESCHKE, VM SACHS, MM TI MULTIPLE PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE GENES IN MAIZE ARE INDUCED BY HYPOXIA SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ANAEROBIOSIS; HYPOXIA; MAIZE; PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE ID CYTOSOLIC GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; ZEA-MAYS-L; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; RECOMBINANT INBREDS; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; PROTEIN; ROOTS; ANAEROBIOSIS; INDUCTION AB Two cDNA clones corresponding to anaerobically induced maize mRNAs were found to have homology to a previously identified maize pyruvate decarboxylase gene. DNA sequencing and RFLP mapping indicate that these cDNAs represent two additional maize pdc genes. Each of the clones is approximately 85% identical in predicted amino acid sequence to the other two. All three clones are induced by hypoxic stress, but with different levels and kinetics of induction. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM34740] NR 38 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 240 IS 2 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1007/BF00277058 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LR357 UT WOS:A1993LR35700007 PM 8102778 ER PT J AU THERRIEN, CD TOOLEY, PW SPIELMAN, LJ FRY, WE RITCH, DL SHELLY, SE AF THERRIEN, CD TOOLEY, PW SPIELMAN, LJ FRY, WE RITCH, DL SHELLY, SE TI NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT, ALLOZYME PHENOTYPES AND METALAXYL SENSITIVITY OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS FROM JAPAN SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID A2 MATING TYPE; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; NETHERLANDS; POPULATIONS; FITNESS AB Thirty isolates of Phytophthora infestans from all districts of Japan (15 of A1 mating type and 15 of A2 mating type) were analyzed for nuclear DNA content (ploidy), allozymes and response to metalaxyl. Twenty-one isolates produced sufficient zoospores for analysis of nuclear DNA content; all A1 mating type isolates were putative tetraploids, while A2 isolates were all putative triploids. Each mating type was strongly associated with specific phenotypes at the polymorphic allozyme loci Gpi (glucosephosphate isomerase) and Pep (peptidase). All A2 isolates had the phenotype Gpi 100/100 Pep 100/100, whereas the A1 isolates were either Gpi 86/100 Pep 92/100 or Gpi 86/100 Pep 100/100. Metalaxyl resistance was only noted among isolates of A2 mating type. Our data suggest that the 1988 Japanese P. infestans population was likely comprised of two separate non-interbreeding subpopulations of opposite mating type. C1 USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HUMAN BIOL,GREEN BAY,WI 54311. RP THERRIEN, CD (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 97 BP 945 EP 950 PN 8 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LV699 UT WOS:A1993LV69900002 ER PT J AU REILLY, JM AF REILLY, JM TI STATE OF THE WORLD 1993 - BROWN,L SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP REILLY, JM (reprint author), MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM PD AUG PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 239 EP 241 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW717 UT WOS:A1993LW71700009 ER PT J AU REAVES, JL SHAW, CG ROTH, LF AF REAVES, JL SHAW, CG ROTH, LF TI INFECTION OF PONDEROSA PINE TREES BY ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE - RESIDUAL INOCULUM VERSUS CONTAGION SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Infection of ponderosa pine roots by Armillaria ostoyae was evaluated in 17 excavations of disease centers conducted 14 and 15 years after stand regeneration on ground previously treated to remove Armillaria inoculum. Residual inoculum was the recognizable source of infection for the first 28 trees to die in 15 of the 17 new root disease centers; the other 76 affected trees in these centers became infected by contagion from the initially attacked trees. Dead and dying trees were girdled at the root collar by host resin and Armillaria mycelium and had most of their roots infected. Armillaria-caused lesions occurred on roots of dead and dying trees and also on trees lacking above-ground disease symptoms. On symptomatic trees, the fungus was not occluded within root lesions and spread both distally and proximally from them. In contrast, the fungus was occluded within distinct lesions on roots of trees lacking above-ground symptoms. These results verify that initial infections by A. ostoyae on regenerated ponderosa pines results from residual, primary inoculum that significantly functions for about 12 years. As with disease development in natural stands, subsequent infections and fungal spread that generates recognizable disease centers results from contagion. This information will assist forest managers contemplating initiatial control measures and their determining if any subsequent treatments are needed. RP REAVES, JL (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,US FOREST SERV,POB 1387,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3 BP 156 EP 162 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY648 UT WOS:A1993LY64800002 ER PT J AU LYNCH, SM KLEVAY, LM AF LYNCH, SM KLEVAY, LM TI EFFECT OF A DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY ON PLASMA FIBRINOLYTIC-ACTIVITY IN MALE AND FEMALE MICE SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; FIBRINOLYSIS; PROTEIN-C; ANTITHROMBIN-III; MICE ID TISSUE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLOOD-COAGULATION; HEART-DISEASE; INHIBITOR; THROMBOSIS; ABNORMALITIES; CHOLESTEROL; SURVIVORS AB To investigate the effects of a dietary Cu deficiency on plasma fibrinolytic activity, groups (n = 16) of adult male and female Swiss-Webster mice were fed Cu-supplemented (8.4 mg Cu/kg) or Cu-deficient (0.3 mg Cu/kg) diets ad libitum with deionized water for 43-49 days. Animals were exsanguinated under pentobarbital anaesthesia; platelet-poor plasma was prepared and assayed for euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT). Plasma protein C (PC) and antithrombin III (AT-III) activities also were determined. No statistically significant effect of Cu deficiency on either PC or AT-III activity was observed but a highly significant (P<0.001) ECLT prolongation in both male and female deficient mice clearly demonstrated that the physiological clot-lysing mechanism must be impaired in these animals. These results may help to explain the thrombotic sequelae of a dietary Cu deficiency in mice. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 13 IS 8 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80594-9 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LQ418 UT WOS:A1993LQ41800007 ER PT J AU RALL, LC MEYDANI, SN AF RALL, LC MEYDANI, SN TI VITAMIN-B(6) AND IMMUNE COMPETENCE SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLASMA PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; SERUM THYMIC-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; T-CELLS; DEFICIENCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; RESPONSES; ZINC AB Animal and human studies suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency affects both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Lymphocyte differentiation and maturation are altered by deficiency, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses are reduced, and antibody production may be indirectly impaired. Although repletion of the vitamin restores these functions, megadoses do not produce benefits beyond those observed with moderate supplementation. Additional human studies indicate that vitamin B6 Status may influence tumor growth and disease processes. Deficiency of the vitamin has been associated with immunological changes observed in the elderly, persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and those with uremia or rheumatoid arthritis. Future research efforts should focus on establishing the mechanism underlying the effects of vitamin B6 on immunity and should attempt to establish safe intake levels that optimize immune response. RP RALL, LC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 65 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 51 IS 8 BP 217 EP 225 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LU369 UT WOS:A1993LU36900001 PM 8302491 ER PT J AU GORBACH, SL KNOX, TA ROUBENOFF, R AF GORBACH, SL KNOX, TA ROUBENOFF, R TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NUTRITION AND INFECTION WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV INFECTION; AIDS PATIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FACTOR-ALPHA; DISEASE AB Nutritional status is severely compromised in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One or a combination of several disease-related factors can contribute to substantial weight loss and malnutrition, accelerating the downhill course of the disease. Efforts to prevent weight loss should include early intervention aimed at appetite stimulation, nutritional supplementation with high-calorie, high-protein oral supplements, and diagnosis and treatment of underlying infections and malabsorption. Although enteral or parenteral feedings may be warranted, these forms of nutritional support pose special problems in HIV-infected persons, and the ultimate benefits of these measures are not yet clear. The recent use of pharmacologic agents to stimulate appetite or improve body composition shows promise, but more research is needed before these drugs can be widely recommended as adjuncts to therapy. In general, unproven remedies should be avoided, as their risks may well outweigh their benefits. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP GORBACH, SL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 84 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 51 IS 8 BP 226 EP 234 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LU369 UT WOS:A1993LU36900002 PM 8302492 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ AF SCHAEFER, EJ TI NEW RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PLASMA-LIPID ABNORMALITIES SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRIMARY-PREVENTION TRIAL; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; ARTERY DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; NICOTINIC-ACID; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; LP(A) AB Elevated total blood cholesterol levels (at or above 240 mg/dL) due to increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values (at or above 160 mg/dL) have been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). It has been shown in controlled prospective studies that when LDL cholesterol is lowered with diet or diet and drug treatment, subsequent risk of CHD morbidity and, in some cases, mortality can be reduced. New guidelines have recently been released by the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP II) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Risk factors for CHD in addition to elevated LDL cholesterol now include: 1) male 45 years or older; 2) female 55 or older, or with premature menopause and not on estrogen replacement; 3) high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol less than 35 mg/dL; 4) hypertension; 5) cigarette smoking; 6) diabetes mellitus; and 7) a family history of premature CHD. After screening with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol measurements, patients with total cholesterol values at or above 200 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol below 35 mg/dL, and/or CHD should have a fasting cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol measurement. Candidates for diet therapy are those with LDL cholesterol values at or above 1) 160 mg/dL; 2) 130 mg/dL in the presence of two or more CHD risk factors; or 3) 100 mg/dL in the presence of CHD. Candidates for drug therapy after diet treatment are those with LDL cholesterol values at or above 1) 190 mg/dL; 2) 160 mg/dL in the presence of two or more CHD risk factors; or 3) 130 mg/dL in the presence of CHD. Effective cholesterol-lowering medications include anion exchange resins, niacin, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,LIPID CLIN,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 51 IS 8 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LU369 UT WOS:A1993LU36900007 PM 8302497 ER PT J AU LANGVATN, R HANLEY, TA AF LANGVATN, R HANLEY, TA TI FEEDING-PATCH CHOICE BY RED DEER IN RELATION TO FORAGING EFFICIENCY - AN EXPERIMENT SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE HERBIVORE-PLANT INTERACTIONS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; HABITAT SELECTION; RUMINANTS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS ID VEGETATION COMMUNITY SELECTION; TAILED DEER; ELK; BEHAVIOR; WAPITI; SWARDS; ISLE; RHUM AB We tested the idea that ruminants allocate their feeding time to habitat patches in relation to foraging efficiency. We used five tame red deer (Cervus elaphus) in an enclosure planted with four treatments of timothy grass (Phleum pratense) differing in their stage of growth. Older swards offered higher biomass but lower nutritional quality than younger swards. We observed time spent feeding in each treatment during each of seven trials. We measured goodness-of-fit between observed times and predictions from two alternative hypotheses differing in optimization strategy (maximizing versus matching), and a third, null hypothesis. We tested the hypotheses using two alternative currencies: digestible protein, and digestible dry matter or energy. Although digestible protein concentration and dry-matter digestibility were highly correlated (r=0.763, P<0.001), the wider range of digestible protein made it the much more sensitive measure of forage quality. Distributions of feeding time closely matched estimated intake rates of digestible protein (R(Pred)2 d = 0.899) across all animals and trials. The other hypotheses were rejected. The results have important ecological implications in showing the underlying role of food in the selection of habitat by ruminants, and that simple, mechanistic models of forage intake and digestion can be scaled up to the level of animal behavioural choices. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 20909,JUNEAU,AK 99802. RP LANGVATN, R (reprint author), NORWEGIAN INST NAT RES,TUNGASLETTA 2,N-7005 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. NR 30 TC 115 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 1993 VL 95 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00323486 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LV564 UT WOS:A1993LV56400002 PM 28312938 ER PT J AU KINRAIDE, TB AF KINRAIDE, TB TI ALUMINUM ENHANCEMENT OF PLANT-GROWTH IN ACID ROOTING MEDIA - A CASE OF RECIPROCAL ALLEVIATION OF TOXICITY BY 2 TOXIC CATIONS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL; MEMBRANE; RHIZOTOXICITY; ROOTS; TOXICITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT ID ZEA-MAYS-L; MINERAL-NUTRITION; WHEAT CULTIVARS; AL; TOLERANCE; FLUXES; CELLS; TIPS; CORN; RICE AB The generally rhizotoxic ion Al'' often enhances root growth at low concentrations. The hypothesis that Al'' enhances growth by relieving H+ toxicity was tested with wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Growth enhancement by Al3+ only occurred under acidic conditions that reduced root elongation. Al3+ increased cell membrane electrical polarity and stimulated H+ extrusion. Previous investigations have shown that Al'' decreases solute leakage at low pH and that the alleviation of H+ toxicity by cations appears to be a general phenomenon with effectiveness dependent upon charge (C3+ > C2+ > C1+). Alleviation of one cation toxicity by another toxic cation appears to be reciprocal so that Al3+ toxicity is relieved by H+. It has been argued previously that this latter phenomenon accounts for the apparent toxicity of AlOH2+ and Al(OH)2+. Reduction of cell-surface electrical potential by the ameliorative cation may reduce the cell-surface activity of the toxic cation. RP KINRAIDE, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 31 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 10 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.880413.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW029 UT WOS:A1993LW02900013 ER PT J AU BAKER, CJ MOCK, N GLAZENER, J ORLANDI, E AF BAKER, CJ MOCK, N GLAZENER, J ORLANDI, E TI RECOGNITION RESPONSES IN PATHOGEN NONHOST AND RACE CULTIVAR INTERACTIONS INVOLVING SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) AND PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PATHOVARS SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; CELL-SUSPENSIONS; K+/H+ EXCHANGE; ACTIVE OXYGEN; PV GLYCINEA; TOBACCO; INVOLVEMENT; CLUSTER; GENE RP BAKER, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BLDG 010,HH-5,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1993.1042 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MQ351 UT WOS:A1993MQ35100001 ER PT J AU EHRENSHAFT, M UPCHURCH, RG AF EHRENSHAFT, M UPCHURCH, RG TI HOST PROTEIN(S) INDUCES ACCUMULATION OF THE TOXIN CERCOSPORIN AND MESSENGER-RNA IN A PHYTOPATHOGENIC STRAIN OF CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETICOLA; GROWTH; GENE C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP EHRENSHAFT, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1993.1043 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MQ351 UT WOS:A1993MQ35100002 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, GW HUGLY, S HARRISON, D AF PATTERSON, GW HUGLY, S HARRISON, D TI STEROLS AND PHYTYL ESTERS OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA UNDER NORMAL AND CHILLING TEMPERATURES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CRUCIFERAE; STEROLS; SITOSTEROL; CHOLESTEROL; STIGMASTEROL; CAMPESTEROL; PHYTYL ESTERS ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RETENTION AB Sitosterol was the principal sterol in Arabidopsis thaliana with campesterol being second most abundant. Small amounts of cholesterol, stigmasterol, campestanol, brassicasterol, stigmastanol, fucosterol and isofucosterol were identified by GC-MS. Free sterol made up 88% of the total sterol, but both esters and glycosides were detected. No significant changes in sterol composition were noted in Arabidopsis thaliana or in mutant PM-11 in response to chilling temperatures. Phytyl esters accumulated in mutant PM-11 after two or more days of chilling temperature, but did not accumulate in the wild type under chilling conditions. The fatty acids in these phytyl esters are atypical of the total fatty acids of Arabidopsis and are dominated by short chain, saturated fatty acids and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3). The accumulation of these phytyl esters would be consistent with chlorophyll degradation, inhibition of late stages in fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation of the chloroplast. C1 USDA,INSECT & NEUROBIOL HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DOE,PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1381 EP 1383 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85095-9 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LU776 UT WOS:A1993LU77600020 ER PT J AU LIAO, CH MCCALLUS, DE WELLS, JM AF LIAO, CH MCCALLUS, DE WELLS, JM TI CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PECTATE LYASE PRODUCTION IN THE SOFT-ROTTING BACTERIUM PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENZYME EXPORT; POTATO ROT CONTROL ID CAROTOVORA SUBSP ATROSEPTICA; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; POTATO-TUBERS; CELL-WALLS; PECTIN LYASE; ROT; VEGETABLES; PURIFICATION; CULTIVARS; SPOILAGE AB Pectate lyase (PL) is the principal or sole enzyme responsible for maceration of plant tissue caused by most strains of soft-rotting pseudomonads. Production of PL in four out of 25 Pseudomonas fluorescens (or P. marginalis) strains examined was not induced by the enzyme substrate, polygalacturonate (PGA), but was induced by Ca2+. These four strains produced 10 times more PL in medium containing 1 mM CaCl2 than in one containing no CaCl2 supplement. Over 86% of total PL produced by these strains in CaCl2-supplemented medium was excreted into the culture fluid. Only a small portion (13%) of total PL produced by these strains in CaCl2-deficient medium was detected in the extracellular fraction. Ca2+ thus affected not only the amount but also the final destination of PL produced by these pseudomonads. Additionally, all four strains were unable to use PGA as a nutritional source when cultured in Ca2+-deficient medium, which indicates that the initial step of PGA degradation was mediated by Ca2+-dependent PL and not by Ca2+-independent polygalacturonase. The optimal Ca2+ concentration required for PL production in one of these strains, CY091, was determined to be 0.2 mM. A linear correlation was observed between the amounts of PL produced and the concentrations of Ca2+ included in the medium. Furthermore, the requirement of Ca2+ for PL induction could be replaced by Sr2+ but not by other divalent cations, such as Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+. Because of the indispensable role of Ca2+ in PGA degradation and in PL production, the possibility of using the ion-chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for control of Pseudomonas rot was evaluated. EDTA exhibited bactericidal activity against P. fluorescens at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 4 mM. When assayed on potato tuber disks, EDTA at a concentration of 0.13 mM (40 ppm), which is 30-fold lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration, was effective in preventing P. fluorescens from growing and causing maceration in potato tuber tissue. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 8 BP 813 EP 818 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-813 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW495 UT WOS:A1993LW49500004 ER PT J AU PUSEY, PL BERTRAND, PF AF PUSEY, PL BERTRAND, PF TI SEASONAL INFECTION OF NONWOUNDED PEACH BARK BY BOTRYOSPHAERIA-DOTHIDEA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONIDIA; ASCOSPORES; DISPERSAL; GUMMOSIS; TREES AB Conidial suspensions of Botryosphearia dothidea were applied at various concentrations to the nonwounded stems of 1-yr-old peach trees maintained under wet conditions for periods that varied. Bark necrosis increased with spore concentration and the duration of bark wetness. Similar inoculations made at 3-wk intervals during 1987 and 1989 revealed that infection occurred from March through August with a peak period from about late April through July or early August. A significant correlation was found between disease severity and temperature for a 3- to 6-wk period after inoculation. In two commercial orchards, stems of newly planted peach trees were periodically exposed to natural inoculum of B. dothidea. At 1-mo intervals from April 1988 through December 1989, water-excluding covers were removed from preselected trees for a 1-mo period. Infections occurred more frequently in the second season of growth (particularly during June and July) than in the season after planting. Disease severity was positively correlated with the availability of water-borne spores of B. dothidea. Nonwounded bark of 1- to 2-yr-old peach trees is susceptible to invasion by B. dothidea during most of, if not the entire, growing season. The amount of infection during this period depends on inoculum availability and environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,TITTON,GA 31794. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 8 BP 825 EP 829 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-825 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW495 UT WOS:A1993LW49500006 ER PT J AU LEE, IM DAVIS, RE SINCLAIR, WA DEWITT, ND CONTI, M AF LEE, IM DAVIS, RE SINCLAIR, WA DEWITT, ND CONTI, M TI GENETIC RELATEDNESS OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS DETECTED IN ULMUS SPP IN THE UNITED-STATES AND ITALY BY MEANS OF DNA PROBES AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELM PHLOEM NECROSIS; ELM WITCHES-BROOM; MOLLICUTES ID PHLOEM NECROSIS; STRAIN CLUSTER; ASH YELLOWS; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; MLOS AB DNA fragments of an elm yellows (EY) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) from diseased periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) were cloned in plasmid vector pSP6 and Escherichia coli strain JM83. DNA probes were prepared by nick translation of EY-specific recombinant plasmids with biotinylated nucleotides. None of the EY probes hybridized with DNA from four representative strains of the aster yellows MLO strain cluster. None of the probes tested at 50 C hybridized with DNA of the MLOs of ash yellows, potato witches-broom, Canadian peach X, clover proliferation, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence diseases, but two tested at 42 C hybridized with DNA of one or another of these MLOs. All probes tested hybridized with MLOs detected in Ulmus americana and U. parvifolia in the United States and in U. carpinifolia in Italy, revealing a close relatedness among these MLOs. These data support the recognition of a unique strain cluster, the elm yellows MLO strain cluster, and identification of strains from the United States and Italy as members of this cluster. Polymerase chain reactions using oligonucleotide primer pairs, derived on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of probe pEY11, provided means for sensitive detection of EY MLOs in infected elm tissue and for differentiation among EY MLO variants. Preliminary results indicated the existence of various strains of EY MLOs in North America that were distinct from a strain of EY MLO present in Italy. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CNR,IST FITOVIROL APPL,TURIN,ITALY. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 8 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-829 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW495 UT WOS:A1993LW49500007 ER PT J AU LEE, IM HAMMOND, RW DAVIS, RE GUNDERSEN, DE AF LEE, IM HAMMOND, RW DAVIS, RE GUNDERSEN, DE TI UNIVERSAL AMPLIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF PATHOGEN 16S RDNA FOR CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MLO STRAIN CLUSTER; MOLLICUTES; PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP ID NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; STRAIN CLUSTER; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; MLOS; DNA AB Regions representing about 80% of the 16S rDNA sequences of 40 mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) strains from North America, Asia, and Europe were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a primer pair designed on the basis of an MLO 16S rRNA gene. This primer pair detected every MLO examined from infected periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and some other plants. No PCR products were obtained in samples containing DNA extracted from healthy plants. The partial 16S rDNA sequences amplified from these various MLOs were compared through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Based on similarity coefficients derived from RFLP analyses, these 40 MLOs could be classified into nine distinct 16S ribosomal RNA (16Sr) groups and 14 subgroups, including five groups that coincide with MLO strain clusters previously delineated on the basis of dot hybridization analysis using randomly cloned chromosomal DNA probes. Type MLO strains designated for each group and subgroup were as follows: 16SrI-A, tomato big bud; 16SrI-B, Maryland aster yellows; 16SrI-C, clover phyllody; 16SrI-D, paulownia witches'-broom; 16SrI-E, blueberry stunt; 16SrII, peanut witches'-broom; 16SrIII-A, Canada peach X; 16SrIII-B, clover yellow edge; 16SrIV, palm lethal yellowing; 16SrV, elm yellows; 16SrVI, clover proliferation; 16SrVII, ash yellows; 16SrVIII, loofah witches'-broom; and 16SrIX, pigeon pea witches-broom. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 462 Z9 556 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 8 BP 834 EP 842 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-834 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW495 UT WOS:A1993LW49500008 ER PT J AU KEYSER, JD FAGAN, JL AF KEYSER, JD FAGAN, JL TI MCKEAN LITHIC TECHNOLOGY AT LIGHTNING SPRING SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE MCKEAN; LITHIC TECHNOLOGY; DUNCAN POINTS; LIGHTNING SPRING; BIFACE REDUCTION AB During the 1980 excavation of the Lightning Spring site in the North Cave Hills of South Dakota, a group of Tongue River silicified sediment bifaces was discovered in one of the deeper McKean levels of the site. In addition to these bifaces, a large suite of Duncan projectile points was recovered from the four McKean occupations. The seven bifaces provide significant insight into the McKean phase lithic technological system used in this area of the Northwestern Plains, and the associated Duncan points help explicate the projectile point rejuvenation system used by these McKean hunters. C1 ARCHAEOL INVESTIGAT NW,PORTLAND,OR. RP KEYSER, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 38 IS 145 BP 37 EP 51 PG 15 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA MG935 UT WOS:A1993MG93500004 ER PT J AU BRITZ, SJ CAVINS, JF AF BRITZ, SJ CAVINS, JF TI SPECTRAL QUALITY DURING POD DEVELOPMENT MODULATES SOYBEAN SEED FATTY-ACID DESATURATION SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; LEGUMINOSAE; SOYBEAN SEEDS; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; VEGETABLE OIL; BLUE LIGHT; PHYTOCHROME; OLEIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACID ID MAX L MERR; OLEIC-ACID; LIGHT; SUNFLOWER; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; GENOTYPES; PLANTS; MUTANT; GROWTH AB High-density cropping of soybeans results in considerable mutual shading. Consequently, pods mature under a range of light conditions, with those lower in the canopy exposed to drastically altered spectral quality as well as lower irradiance. The influence of spectral quality on reproductive development and seed quality was investigated in soybeans raised to physiological maturity under either broad spectrum or blue-deficient light sources. The absence of blue light had a large influence on vegetative morphology, but the timing of reproductive events was not affected. Total seed yield per plant, dry matter per seed, per cent protein and per cent oil were similar for all treatments. However, seeds harvested from plants matured under broad spectrum illumination contained high levels of oleic acid (18:1) and low linoleic acid (18:2) compared to seeds from plants grown under blue-deficient conditions. In addition to the spectral quality effect, there was a smaller effect of pod position. Seeds from pods lower in the canopy contained less 18:1 and more 18:2 than seeds that matured closer to the top of the canopy. Considering both spectral quality and pod position, the ratio of 18:1 to 18:2 varied four-fold between 0.35 and 1.43, indicative of a possible photoregulatory step in fatty acid desaturation. The spectral effects are consistent with the participation of a photomorphogenetic photoreceptor in the control of fatty acid metabolism during seed maturation and triglyceride accumulation. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP BRITZ, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,B-046A BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 16 IS 6 BP 719 EP 725 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00491.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW930 UT WOS:A1993LW93000013 ER PT J AU TROLINDER, NL MCMICHAEL, BL UPCHURCH, DR AF TROLINDER, NL MCMICHAEL, BL UPCHURCH, DR TI WATER RELATIONS OF COTTON FLOWER PETALS AND FRUIT SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM; COTTON; WATER STRESS; FLOWER PETAL; FRUITING; CELL WALLS ID SEED DEVELOPMENT; COWPEA FRUIT; GROWTH; NITROGEN; DEFICITS; ECONOMY; CARBON AB Water needed for expansion is believed to enter plant tissue in response to a growth-induced water potential gradient that occurs as turgor is reduced during relaxation of cell walls or in response to increased solutes. Under water stress, the cotton flower petal continues to expand when all leaves on the plant are wilted and new leaf expansion has ceased in the shoot tips. This study was undertaken to determine if water for expansion entered the petal in response to a gradient or to increased solutes. Water potentials of cotton petal, leaf, bract and fruit were determined pre-dawn and midday in dryland and irrigated field plots. The mechanism by which petal expansion occurs appears not to be associated with a growth-induced water potential gradient or to increased solutes because the gradient is reversed from that needed to drive expansion. The water potential of the petal tissues was consistently higher than that of the subtending leaves and bracts both during and after anthesis, and under different water stress conditions. How this reversal in water potential gradient is established and maintained should provide insight into mechanisms involved in growth during water stress. RP TROLINDER, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 16 IS 6 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00496.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LW930 UT WOS:A1993LW93000018 ER PT J AU KAMPGLASS, M POWELL, D REDDY, GB BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ AF KAMPGLASS, M POWELL, D REDDY, GB BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ TI BIOTECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING ACID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA-MEDIA-CALLUS-FRESH WEIGHT ID CELL-CULTURES; GROWTH AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cultivars ARC, Regen Y and Saranac were selected in vitro in a recently developed acid/aluminum toxic media. The new media produced higher initiation rates and higher fresh callus weights than those obtainable with the media described by Meredith and Connor for the selection of aluminum resistant variants in Nicotiana plumbaginofolia. Both rescue and direct initiation yielded adequate amounts of healthy callus for the initiation of embryogenesis. The toxic effect of the acid/aluminum media is expressed in both the percent of explants initiating callus and in the fresh-weights obtained during initiation and two subsequent subcultures. C1 N CAROLINA AGR & TECH STATE UNIV,1601 E MARKET ST,GREENSBORO,NC 27411. APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRIECL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 1993 VL 12 IS 10 BP 590 EP 592 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LV022 UT WOS:A1993LV02200013 PM 24201792 ER PT J AU MERTELY, JC MARTYN, RD MILLER, ME BRUTON, BD AF MERTELY, JC MARTYN, RD MILLER, ME BRUTON, BD TI QUANTIFICATION OF MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS ASCOSPORES IN 3 COMMERCIAL MUSKMELON FIELDS IN SOUTH TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CANTALOUPE; CUCUMIS-MELO; VINE DECLINE ID MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; DISEASE INCIDENCE; SPATIAL PATTERN; VINE DECLINE; SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; SOIL; ROT; CANTALOUPE AB Monosporascus cannonballus ascospore populations in the soils of three south Texas muskmelon fields were quantified at planting and at harvest in 1992. Sampling was conducted along eight-row segments (transects) within a 100 X 50 m area in each field according to a stratified random design. In a preliminary study (June 1991), ascospore counts were higher in-beds than between-beds and at a moderate depth of 10-20 cm in field A (annually cropped to muskmelon in fixed, plastic-mulched, drip-irrigated beds). Ascospore numbers were significantly lower in adjacent field B (rotated land, bare soil, and furrow irrigation). In 1992, ascospore counts in A were again significantly higher than in B and also higher than in C, a field similar to B. However, root disease severity at harvest was similar in A and B, and few significant positive correlations between ascospore concentration and root disease severity were found in any field. The presence of other root-damaging pathogens or of infective vegetative mycelium of M. cannonballus may explain this lack of correlation, as could inoculum densities exceeding levels necessary for maximum root disease expression. Variance to mean ratios indicated random partitioning of plants with similar root disease severity among transects in each of the three fields. C1 TEXAS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555. RP MERTELY, JC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 766 EP 771 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600002 ER PT J AU LONG, DL ROELFS, AP LEONARD, KJ ROBERTS, JJ AF LONG, DL ROELFS, AP LEONARD, KJ ROBERTS, JJ TI VIRULENCE AND DIVERSITY OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA F-SP TRITICI IN THE UNITED-STATES IN 1991 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE PLANT DISEASE MONITORING; RUST EPIDEMIOLOGY; WHEAT LEAF RUST ID PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; WHEAT CULTIVARS; POPULATIONS; CANADA; AREAS; TEXAS; GRAMINIS AB Isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from cereal rust field surveys of the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1991. Fifty-five virulence/avirulence phenotypes were found among 647 single uredinial isolates on 14 host lines that are isogenic for leaf rust resistance. The frequencies of virulence to lines with Lr24 and Lr26 during 1991 were greater than in previous years. Regional race distribution patterns again suggested that the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. The distinctive racial composition of collections from the Southeast, Northeast, and Ohio Valley indicate that populations of P. r. tritici in those areas are discrete, suggesting epidemics originate from localized overwintering sources. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP LONG, DL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CEREAL RUST LAB,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 786 EP 791 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600006 ER PT J AU LEATH, KT HOWER, AA AF LEATH, KT HOWER, AA TI INTERACTION OF FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM F-SP MEDICAGINIS WITH FEEDING-ACTIVITY OF CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO LARVAE IN ALFALFA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE SITONA-HISPIDULUS ID ROT AB Twenty genera of fungi were isolated over a 3-yr period from feeding sites of the clover root curculio (CRC) in roots of field-grown alfalfa. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis was the predominant pathogenic fungus isolated, constituting 63% of all isolates at one sampling. Root diameter, root type, and depth of feeding were not related to the isolation frequencies of specific fungi. In pathogenicity tests, 89% of all F. oxysporum isolates tested caused wilt symptoms in alfalfa. Radial internal spread of fungi from feeding sites was usually limited to the 2 mm of tissue immediately centripetal to the feeding site. F. o. medicaginis, other Fusarium spp., and other fungi were isolated from excised head capsules of field-collected, late-instar larvae of CRC. The addition of 50 CRC eggs to a growth medium infested with F. o. medicaginis inoculum significantly increased the severity of Fusarium wilt in greenhouse experiments. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP LEATH, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 799 EP 802 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600009 ER PT J AU SMILEY, RW UDDIN, W ZWER, PK WYSOCKI, DJ BALL, DA CHASTAIN, TG RASMUSSEN, PE AF SMILEY, RW UDDIN, W ZWER, PK WYSOCKI, DJ BALL, DA CHASTAIN, TG RASMUSSEN, PE TI INFLUENCE OF CROP MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL LEAF-SPOT OF WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TAKE-ALL; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN FORM; TAN SPOT; CHLORIDE; SOIL; ROTATION; DISEASES; BARLEY; LIME AB The response of physiologic leaf spot to winter wheat management practices was examined in the semiarid Pacific Northwest. Winter wheat cultivars exhibited large differences in susceptibility. The dominant cultivar (Stephens) produced in the region was the most susceptible cultivar evaluated. The disease became less severe as the date of seeding was delayed and as the rate of nitrogen fertilization increased. Leaf spot severity was reduced and grain yield increased with foliar application of urea + calcium chloride, but not with application of urea + micro-nutrients. The disease was more severe in annual wheat than in rotations of wheat with fallow or peas. Leaf spot severity was not affected by the application of diclofop-methyl herbicide, the timing or source of soil-applied nitrogen, or the burning or leaving of stubble from previous wheat crops. The amounts of residue on the soil surface had inconsistent effects on leaf spot severity. We conclude that the severity of physiologic leaf spot can be reduced by the management of wheat cultivar selection, crop rotation, planting date, and plant nutrition. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP SMILEY, RW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 803 EP 810 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600010 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP ROBERTS, RG AF MATTHEIS, JP ROBERTS, RG TI FUMIGATION OF SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS-AVIUM BING) FRUIT WITH LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ALDEHYDES FOR POSTHARVEST DECAY CONTROL SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE FRUIT STORAGE ID ACETALDEHYDE-PROTEIN ADDUCTS; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; CARROT CELLS; PACKINGHOUSES; PENICILLIUM; BOTRYTIS AB Bing sweet cherries were inoculated with conidia of Penicillium expansum and then fumigated with acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, or pentanal vapors. Conidial germination was prevented at the higher concentrations of acetaldehyde, propanal, and butanal, but extensive stem browning and fruit phytotoxicity also occurred. Stem browning was induced at lower aldehyde concentrations than fruit phytotoxicity. Treatment combinations (concentration, exposure duration) were identified that minimized decay in the absence of fruit phytotoxicity, indicating a potential use of aldehyde fumigation for processing applications. RP MATTHEIS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 810 EP 814 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600011 ER PT J AU LEE, IM DAVIS, RE HSU, HT AF LEE, IM DAVIS, RE HSU, HT TI DIFFERENTIATION OF STRAINS IN THE ASTER YELLOWS MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM STRAIN CLUSTER BY SEROLOGICAL ASSAY WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; MLO AB Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the tomato big bud (BB) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), a member of the aster yellows (AY) MLO strain cluster, were employed in dot immunobinding assays. The MAbs reacted only with strains in the AY MLO cluster, and not with any of several other MLOs not affiliated with the AY MLO strain cluster. However, reactions with MLOs in the AY cluster varied by strain. All MAbs reacted with BB and several MLO strains previously termed ''aster yellows,'' including NAY (eastern AY), OKAY1 (Oklahoma strain), NJAY (New Jersey strain), and AY27 (Alberta strain); but none of the MAbs reacted with certain other strains of AY MLO, including strains termed SAY3 (western AY), OKAY3 (Oklahoma strain), NYAY (New York strain), and MNAY (Minnesota strain). Thus, the BB MLO-MAbs distinguished a group of interrelated MLO strains within the AY MLO strain cluster. This serogroup corresponds to the type I subcluster in the AY MLO strain cluster, previously identified on the basis of nucleic acid dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 815 EP 817 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600012 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KB PSCHEIDT, JW PINKERTON, JN AF JOHNSON, KB PSCHEIDT, JW PINKERTON, JN TI EVALUATION OF CHLOROTHALONIL, FENARIMOL, AND FLUSILAZOLE FOR CONTROL OF EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HAZELNUT AB In a greenhouse experiment, treatment of 3-wk-old hazelnut (Corylus avellana) seedlings with suspensions of chlorothalonil (1.8 g a.i./L), fenarimol (0.038 g a.i./L), or flusilazole (0.030 g a.i./L) prior to inoculation with ascospores of Anisogramma anomala resulted in 4, 5, and 7% incidence of eastern filbert blight, respectively, compared to 53% in the inoculated control. In field experiments, exposure of 1- or 2-yr-old potted trees to natural releases of A. anomala ascospores demonstrated that hazelnut is susceptible to infection after vegetative budbreak, and that one to five applications of chlorothalonil, fenarimol, or flusilazole onto vegetative tissues that develop after budbreak significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) reduced disease development. Eastern filbert blight was controlled completely when four or five fungicide applications were made beginning at vegetative budbreak in March and extended on a 2-3-wk schedule into May. The relative efficacy of chlorothalonil, a protectant fungicide, appeared to be independent of hazelnut phenology. In contrast, the efficacy of fenarimol, a locally systemic fungicide, may depend on the amount of vegetative tissue into which it can be absorbed. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP JOHNSON, KB (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 831 EP 837 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600017 ER PT J AU DWINELL, LD AF DWINELL, LD TI 1ST REPORT OF PINEWOOD NEMATODE (BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS) IN MEXICO SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP DWINELL, LD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 1 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600019 ER PT J AU IRVINE, JE AMADOR, JM GALLO, MI RIESS, CM COMSTOCK, JC AF IRVINE, JE AMADOR, JM GALLO, MI RIESS, CM COMSTOCK, JC TI 1ST REPORT OF LEAF SCALD, CAUSED BY XANTHOMONAS-ALBILINEANS, OF SUGARCANE IN MEXICO SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 XAFRATEC,CORDOBA,VERACRUZ,MEXICO. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP IRVINE, JE (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600022 ER PT J AU MULLIN, BA COOK, CG SCHADING, RL AF MULLIN, BA COOK, CG SCHADING, RL TI 1ST REPORT OF EXSEROHILUM-ROSTRATUM, CURVULARIA-SENEGALENSIS, AND NIGROSPORA-ORYZAE INFECTING KENAF IN TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP MULLIN, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600021 ER PT J AU SHAW, CG PHANICHAPOL, D AF SHAW, CG PHANICHAPOL, D TI 1ST REPORT OF ARMILLARIA SP IN THAILAND SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 ROYAL FORESTRY DEPT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP SHAW, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600025 ER PT J AU SHAW, CG PHANICHAPOL, D AF SHAW, CG PHANICHAPOL, D TI 1ST REPORT OF DENDROPHTHOE-FALCATA ON PINUS-KESIYA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 ROYAL FORESTRY DEPT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP SHAW, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 8 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT726 UT WOS:A1993LT72600028 ER PT J AU WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE AF WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE TI RAPID PRODUCTION OF MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT LINES OF FERTILE TRANSGENIC WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICE PLANTS; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; REGENERATION; EXPRESSION; PROTOPLASTS; CALLUS; GENE; DNA; INHERITANCE; EMBRYOS AB Improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by biotechnological approaches is currently limited by a lack of efficient and reliable transformation methodology. In this report, we detail a protocol for transformation of a highly embryogenic wheat cultivar, Bob-white. Calli derived from immature embryos, 0.5 to 1 mm long, were bombarded with microprojectiles coated with DNA containing as marker genes the bar gene, encoding phosphinothricin-resistance, and the gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS), each under control of a maize ubiquitin promoter. The bombardment was performed 5 d after embryo excision, just after initiation of callus proliferation. The ability of plantlets to root in the presence of 1 or 3 mg/L of bialaphos was the most reliable selection criteria used to identify transformed plants. Stable transformation was confirmed by marker gene expression assays and the presence of the bar sequences in high molecular weight chromosomal DNA of the resultant plants. Nine independent lines of fertile transgenic wheat plants have been obtained thus far, at a frequency of 1 to 2 per 1000 embryos bombarded. On average, 168 d elapsed between embryo excision for bombardment and anthesis of the T0 plants. The transmission of both the resistance phenotype and bar DNA to the T1 generation verified that germline transformation had occurred. RP WEEKS, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 28 TC 302 Z9 345 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1084 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LR969 UT WOS:A1993LR96900003 ER PT J AU SHARON, A FUCHS, Y ANDERSON, JD AF SHARON, A FUCHS, Y ANDERSON, JD TI THE ELICITATION OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS BY A TRICHODERMA XYLANASE IS NOT RELATED TO THE CELL-WALL DEGRADATION ACTIVITY OF THE ENZYME SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NICOTIANA-TABACUM; PLANT-PROTOPLASTS; ELICITOR; TOBACCO; ENDOXYLANASE; RESPONSIVENESS; PURIFICATION; CELLULYSIN; RESPONSES; FRAGMENTS AB A 6-1,4-endoxylanase (EIX) isolated from Trichoderma viride elicits plant defense responses in certain tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars in addition to its xylan degradation activity. It was not clear whether elicitation occurs by cell wall fragments released by the enzymic activity or by the xylanase protein interacting directly with the plant cells. We used protoplasts isolated from tobacco leaves to test whether the cell wall is required for the stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis by EIX. Protoplasts of tobacco (cv Xanthi) responded to treatment with the EIX, as indicated by an increased production of ethylene and the loss of protoplast viability. Protoplasts prepared from ethylene-pretreated leaves produced more ethylene and had higher rates of cell death in response to EIX than protoplasts prepared from nonethylene-treated leaves. Protoplasts of an EIX-insensitive cultivar of tobacco (Hicks) were insensitive to high concentrations of EIX. The addition of a crude cell wall preparation to protoplasts during incubation with EIX did not enhance the induction of ethylene biosynthesis by nonsaturating as well as saturating concentrations of EIX. These data indicate that the xylanase activity of EIX is unrelated to the elicitation of ethylene biosynthesis through the production of some cell wall fragment, since the protein per se appears capable of eliciting ethylene biosynthesis in protoplasts. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1325 EP 1329 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LR969 UT WOS:A1993LR96900034 ER PT J AU BAKER, CJ ORLANDI, EW MOCK, NM AF BAKER, CJ ORLANDI, EW MOCK, NM TI HARPIN, AN ELICITOR OF THE HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE IN TOBACCO CAUSED BY ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA, ELICITS ACTIVE OXYGEN PRODUCTION IN SUSPENSION CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CONSEQUENCE; DEFENSE; PROTEIN; K+/H+; GENES AB Active oxygen (AO) production and a K+/H+ exchange response (XR) are two concurrent early events associated with incompatible plant-bacteria interactions that result in a hypersensitive response (HR). Recently, a protein, termed harpin, produced by Erwinia amylovora has been reported to be the elicitor responsible for the HR caused by this pathogen. Although both the bacterium and harpin are reported to induce XR in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspensions, there have been no reports regarding the concurrent production of AO in this system. Here we report that E. amylovora stimulates the AO response, whereas an E. amylovora mutant that does not produce harpin does not elicit the AO response. In addition, a cell-free preparation of harpin induces AO production. This study indicates that harpin may be the bacterial elicitor of the XR and AO responses during the development of E. amylovora-induced HR. RP BAKER, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 147 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1341 EP 1344 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LR969 UT WOS:A1993LR96900037 ER PT J AU MA, HC MCMULLEN, MD FINER, JJ AF MA, HC MCMULLEN, MD FINER, JJ TI A PYRUVATE-KINASE CDNA FROM SOYBEAN SOMATIC EMBRYOS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM; ENZYME; PLANT C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RI Finer, John/N-4713-2014 OI Finer, John/0000-0001-8004-5468 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1345 EP 1345 DI 10.1104/pp.102.4.1345 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LR969 UT WOS:A1993LR96900038 PM 8278551 ER PT J AU RITTER, D ALLEN, RD TROLINDER, N HUGHES, DW GALAU, GA AF RITTER, D ALLEN, RD TROLINDER, N HUGHES, DW GALAU, GA TI COTTON COTYLEDON CDNA-ENCODING A PEROXIDASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1351 EP 1351 DI 10.1104/pp.102.4.1351 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LR969 UT WOS:A1993LR96900041 PM 8278554 ER PT J AU SMITH, EJ NELSEN, TC AF SMITH, EJ NELSEN, TC TI EFFECT OF TUMOR-VIRUS SUSCEPTIBILITY ALLELES ON THE LATE-FEATHERING GENE K ON EARLY GROWTH OF WHITE LEGHORNS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HOMOZYGOUS; HETEROZYGOUS; RESISTANT; WEIGHT; MATERNAL ID LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS VIRUS; ENDOGENOUS VIRAL GENES; EGG-PRODUCTION; CHICKENS; ASSOCIATION; SLOW; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; LOCUS; STRAIN AB The influence of tumor virus susceptibility (tvb) alleles and the sex-linked, late-feathering-endogenous virus 21 complex (K-ev21) on early growth was observed in progeny from late-feathering (LF) and early-feathering (EF) dams. At 2, 4, 6 and 10 wk of age, homozygous (K/K) males that carried a dominant tvb(s1) allele were significantly (P < .05) lighter in total body weight than K/K homozygous endogenous virus (EV) EV21-resistant (tvb(r)/tvb(r)) hatch-mates. Among heterozygous (K/k+) males, tvb(s1) did not significantly influence growth when compared with tvb(r)/tvb(r) hatchmates. At 10 wk of age, tvb(s1)-positive K/w female progeny from LF dams were also significantly lighter than tvb(r)/tvb(r) K/w hatchmates. However, among progeny from EF dams no significant within sex differences in body weight were found regardless of their feather or EV susceptibility phenotype. Results indicate that susceptibility to EV21 infection is particularly detrimental to early growth of ev21-K homozygous male and hemizygous female progeny of LF dams. C1 USDA ARS,OFF DIRECTOR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP SMITH, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1400 EP 1404 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ444 UT WOS:A1993LQ44400003 PM 8378214 ER PT J AU SHOFFNER, RN OTIS, JS GARWOOD, VA AF SHOFFNER, RN OTIS, JS GARWOOD, VA TI ASSOCIATION OF DOMINANT MARKER TRAITS AND METRIC TRAITS IN CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINKAGE; PLEIOTROPY; REPORTER GENES; METRIC TRAITS; SEXUAL MATURITY ID PEA COMB P; LINKAGE AB This study was initiated to determine whether an allelic substitution of a dominant marker gene would identify a region close to a locus affecting expression in a metric trait. The rationale for the experiment was to utilize disequilibrium between a multiple recessive randombred Rhode Island Red (RRc) stock previously selected for quantitative trait performance and an unimproved dominant marker stock (MDM). The reporter genes in the MDM were: barring (B), silver (S), creeper (Cp), rose comb (R), double uropygial gland (U), crest (Cr), dominant white (I), frizzle (F), duplex comb (D), multiple spurs (M), polydactyly (Po), blue egg (O), pea comb (P), naked neck (Na), extended black (E), white skin (W+), muffs and beard (Mb), and feathered shanks (Fsh). Appropriate reciprocal crosses of MDM with RRc and F1 to RRc produced segregating full sibs that were evaluated for association with reporter traits. Carriers of Cr, I, and F were significantly later in sexual maturity than their recessive full sibs. The pleiotropic effects of F are believed to account for the later maturity. None of the marker traits had a significant association with egg numbers or egg weight. Birds expressing E were distinctly heavier at 8 and 32 wk. There is no obvious explanation for the significant larger size for the E phenotype. The CR-I-F phenotypes were significantly smaller at 32 wk than noncarrier full sibs. C1 USDA ARS,POULTRY RES LAB,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947. RP SHOFFNER, RN (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1405 EP 1410 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ444 UT WOS:A1993LQ44400004 PM 8378215 ER PT J AU BAIK, DH MARKS, HL AF BAIK, DH MARKS, HL TI DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR GROWTH IN JAPANESE-QUAIL UNDER SPLIT AND COMPLETE NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS .7. HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY AMONG DIALLEL CROSSES FOLLOWING 27 GENERATIONS OF SELECTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QUAIL; BODY WEIGHT; DIVERGENT SELECTION; HETEROSIS; COMBINING ABILITY ID CORRELATED RESPONSES; BODY-WEIGHT; CHICKENS AB Growth patterns of quail lines divergently selected for 4-wk BW under split and complete nutrition environments were investigated utilizing a diallel mating scheme. The design, involving 16 mating combinations, allowed investigation of heterotic effects, reciprocal cross effects, and combining ability. Progeny from Generation 27 breeders were evaluated in two hatches under both selection diets. Heterosis for hatch weight was essentially zero; however, percentage heterosis from High x High crosses and Low x Low crosses ranged from 5 to 18% after 1 wk of age. Quail progeny from Low x High crosses were consistently larger than quail from reciprocal High x Low crosses under both selection diets. Reciprocal differences were greatest immediately posthatch and declined with age. However, in crosses involving males from High and Low split diet lines mated to females from High and Low complete diet lines, large reciprocal differences in BW remained at 8 wk. Mean heterosis values for BW across ages from crossing High and Low lines both within and across selection environments were negative in six of eight comparisons. Mean values ranged from +3 to -11% and indicated that greater selection responses may have been made in divergent selection for low 4-wk BW than for high BW. General combining ability of lines was greater when transmitted via females as opposed to males, and was similar under the two diets (split and complete). There was evidence that high-BW lines exhibited greater general combining ability under both dietary environments than did low-BW lines. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1449 EP 1458 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ444 UT WOS:A1993LQ44400008 PM 8378218 ER PT J AU LYON, CE DICKENS, JA AF LYON, CE DICKENS, JA TI EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC TREATMENTS AND WING RESTRAINTS ON THE RATE OF POSTMORTEM BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES AND OBJECTIVE TEXTURE OF BROILER PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLES DEBONED AFTER CHILLING SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ELECTROCUTION; WING RESTRAINTS; SARCOMERE LENGTHS; MEAT TEXTURE ID BREAST MEAT; SHEAR VALUES; TENDERNESS; STIMULATION; PH; CARCASSES; FILLETS; TIMES; RIGOR AB The study was conducted to determine the effects of electric current and wing restraints on the rate of post-mortem biochemical changes and objective texture of broiler Pectoralis major muscles deboned after chilling. Electric treatments of stun, stun and stimulate, and electrocution were administered to a total of 12 birds in each of six replications of the study. In each replication, wing restraints were applied to two of the four birds subjected to each electric treatment. Birds were subjected to the stunning and electrocution treatments prior to bleeding for 90 s. For the stun and stimulation treatment, the birds were bled during and after the pulsed stimulation. Carcasses were subjected to the wing restraints after feather removal, then eviscerated, prechilled, and chilled. The Pectoralis major muscles were removed 75 min post-mortem and evaluated for PH, R value (ratio of adenine to inosine nucleotides), and sarcomere length. Muscles were held at 2 C for 24 h prior to cooking and objective texture evaluation. Stunning and stimulating treatments resulted in significantly higher R values and lower pH values compared with the electrocution treatment. The application of wing restraints significantly increased sarcomere lengths in raw deboned muscle. Stunning followed by pulsed stimulation in conjunction with wing restraints resulted in the lowest shear values (5.95 kg) for cooked meat of muscles deboned 75 min post-mortem. RP LYON, CE (reprint author), USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1577 EP 1583 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ444 UT WOS:A1993LQ44400023 ER PT J AU BENKEL, BF SMITH, EJ AF BENKEL, BF SMITH, EJ TI A RAPID METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF THE ROUS-ASSOCIATED ENDOGENOUS SOLITARY LONG TERMINAL REPEAT, EV15 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE ENDOGENOUS SOLITARY LONG TERMINAL REPEAT DETECTION; RAPID NONRADIOACTIVE ASSAY; PROVIRAL FLANKING SEQUENCES; CHICKENS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED TEST ID MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; VIRAL GENES; RESISTANCE; PROVIRUS; ORIGIN; DNA AB A rapid method has been developed for the detection of the solitary long terminal repeat ev15, a member of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) family of endogenous viral elements (ev genes) in chickens. Detection is accomplished by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that can be performed on purified genomic DNA samples or crude preparations of partially purified whole blood lysates. The test discriminates unambiguously between birds that are homozygous ev15-, homozygous ev15+, or heterozygous ev15-/ev15+. The incorporation of a modified touchdown amplification profile significantly improved the specificity of the PCR assay. Small-scale screening of birds from a variety of chicken breeds has revealed that ev15 is present in populations of both egg-strain birds and broilers. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP BENKEL, BF (reprint author), AGR CANADA,CTR FOOD & ANIM RES,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1601 EP 1605 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ444 UT WOS:A1993LQ44400027 PM 8397393 ER PT J AU GAST, RK AF GAST, RK TI EVALUATION OF DIRECT PLATING FOR DETECTING SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN POOLS OF EGG CONTENTS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; CHICKENS; EGGS; CULTURE; PUBLIC HEALTH ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4 AB The effectiveness of direct plating of incubated egg contents pools onto selective agar media for detecting contamination by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was evaluated in comparison to several broth enrichment strategies. Pools of mixed liquid whole egg were inoculated with very small number of SE cells, incubated for 4 days at 25 C, and sampled by direct plating or both enrichment culture. Methods involving broth nonselective (preenrichment) and selective broth culture steps detected a significantly higher percentage of contaminated egg pools than did direct plating, but required 48 h longer to provide results. Methods involving direct selective broth enrichment, without prior pre-enrichment, did not perform significantly better than direct plating. Direct plating appears to provide a relatively rapid and inexpensive method for detecting SE in egg pools, although greater sensitivity is attainable with more intensive methods. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1611 EP 1614 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ444 UT WOS:A1993LQ44400029 PM 8378228 ER PT J AU KERSTEN, PJ CULLEN, D AF KERSTEN, PJ CULLEN, D TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA-ENCODING GLYOXAL OXIDASE, A H2O2-PRODUCING ENZYME FROM THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; PEROXIDASE; FUNGUS; GALACTOSE OXIDASE ID SEQUENCE CLEAVAGE SITES; GALACTOSE-OXIDASE; PEROXIDASE AB Glyoxal oxidase is produced by ligninolytic cultures of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and is a source of the extracellular H2O2 that is required by ligninolytic peroxidases. We report here the cloning and characterization of glx-1c cDNA, which encodes glyoxal oxidase. The deduced mature protein has 537 amino acids, a molecular size of 57 kDa, and a pI of 5.1. Five potential N-glycosylation sites are present. The predicted N-terminal sequence is identical to the experimentally determined sequence of purified enzyme and is preceded by a leader peptide of 22 amino acids. The sequence of glx-1c lacks significant homology with known sequences. Specific comparisons were made between the glx-1c translated sequence and that of galactose oxidase from Dactylium dendroides because of previously observed catalytic similarities of the enzyme. Although no significant homology is observed, in both cases extensive beta-sheet regions are predicted from the primary sequences. Glyoxal oxidase activity correlates with transcript levels and is also coordinate with the lignin peroxidases in nutrient nitrogen-starved cultures. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KERSTEN, PJ (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 15 BP 7411 EP 7413 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.15.7411 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LQ335 UT WOS:A1993LQ33500107 PM 8346264 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, GL HANSON, JD HAAS, RH AF ANDERSON, GL HANSON, JD HAAS, RH TI EVALUATING LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DERIVED VEGETATION INDEXES FOR ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS ON SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CANOPY AB Ground data from the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeast Colorado and Landsat satellite images of that area acquired in August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 were used to evaluate the level of association that can be expected from a univariate model relating spectrally derived vegetation indices (difference, ratio, and normalized difference vegetation indices) and dried green vegetation biomass. The vegetation indices were related to the ground sample estimates using a sample point, spectral class, and greenness strata approach. No strong relationships were found between the vegetation indices and sample estimates of dried green biomass using the sample point approach. The spectral class approach produced significant results only for the June 1990 sample period (r2=0.96). Significant relationships were found for the August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 samples periods (r2=0.95, 0.71, and 0.95, respectively) when the data were aggregated by greenness strata. The high degree of association between green biomass and the NDVI, obtained when the data were combined into greenness strata, indicated that it is possible to predict green biomass levels on semiarid rangelands using univariate regression models. C1 USDA ARS,GPSR,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SCI & APPLICAT BRANCH,HUGHES STX,SIOUX FALLS,SD. RP ANDERSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 13 TC 111 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 45 IS 2 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90040-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LM850 UT WOS:A1993LM85000005 ER PT J AU GILE, LH AF GILE, LH TI CARBONATE STAGES IN SANDY SOILS OF THE LEASBURG SURFACE, SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; CHRONOLOGY; DESERT AB Stages of carbonate accumulation are major indicators of soil age in many soils of arid and semiarid regions. The total amount of carbonate in these soils also has potential as a valuable tool for estimating the actual ages of specific soils and their landscapes. However, much more work is needed on factors that can affect the amount and distribution of carbonate in soils of the same age. A roadcut across a ridge in southern New Mexico exposed both stages I and II carbonate in soils of the Leasburg surface (early Holocene-latest Pleistocene). On the ridge crest, most soils have a stage I carbonate horizon characterized by faint coatings on grains. A ridge-crest Torripsamment in Leasburg sediments has a total of 28 kg/m2 of pedogenic carbonate. On ridge sides, the steeper slopes have increased runoff, thus lifting the wetting fronts and the zone of carbonate accumulation, and most soils have a nodular stage II carbonate horizon. Although the ridge sides must be younger than the crest, they are thought to be only slightly younger because the stage II horizon is typical of Leasburg soils in nongravelly materials. A ridgeside Torriorthent in Leasburg sediments has a total of 46 kg/m2 of carbonate. Thus in sandy soils of stable ridge crests, some carbonate apparently moves to substantial depths, causing anomalously low totals of carbonate for the soils concerned. For this reason, in chronological studies involving carbonate in sandy soils, long and deep exposures are required for a proper assessment of the stage of carbonate accumulation and the total amount of illuvial carbonate associated with soil development. Because a buried soil may be present, carbonate in the horizons concerned was not included in the totals of pedogenic carbonate, and the reported totals are, therefore, minimum values for soils of the Leasburg surface. C1 USDA,SCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 156 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1097/00010694-199308000-00006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LU427 UT WOS:A1993LU42700006 ER PT J AU ZUZEL, JF PIKUL, JL AF ZUZEL, JF PIKUL, JL TI EFFECTS OF STRAW MULCH ON RUNOFF AND EROSION FROM SMALL AGRICULTURAL PLOTS IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four rates of straw mulch on runoff, infiltration, and erosion at a site in northeastern Oregon. Straw mulch densities of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent cover were tested using simulated rainfall applied to 3.33 m2 plots located on a 16 percent north facing slope. Soil type is a Thatuna silt loam (fine-silty, mixed mesic Xeric Argialboll). The zero cover plots were replicated four times. The mean rainfall input rate of 28 mm/h did not vary significantly over the four replications. Median drop diameter of 1.3 mm at the center of the spray pattern is a nominal design characteristic of the rainfall simulator and is a representative size for natural rainfall in this area. Percent straw cover and normalized soil loss were highly correlated (r = 0.99), while no significant correlation between runoff volume or infiltration volume and soil loss was observed. This can be explained by the presence of a slowly permeable layer below the tillage depth and by the high organic matter content of this soil. The data suggest that smaller amounts of mulch (<25%) are of little value in erosion control and that a threshold value below which surface cover is ineffective may exist. This is a significant departure from the exponential relationship used to determine straw mulch effects on erosion. The data from this and earlier, similar experiments exhibit a large variability, especially in the erosion component, and emphasize a need for more experimental data to define the cover-soil loss relationship. There is almost no experimental field data for mulch covers less than about 30 percent, so further research is urgently needed to define the relationship for these lower cover conditions. RP ZUZEL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 156 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1097/00010694-199308000-00007 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LU427 UT WOS:A1993LU42700007 ER PT J AU MCINTOSH, JE BARNHISEL, RI AF MCINTOSH, JE BARNHISEL, RI TI ERODIBILITY AND SEDIMENT YIELD BY NATURAL RAINFALL FROM RECONSTRUCTED MINE SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB Standard erosion plots, 4.6 m x 22.1 m with a 9% slope, were established at the Alston Surface Mine in Ohio County, Kentucky. Topsoil, subsoil, and mine spoil were reconstructed according to contemporary reclamation techniques using bulldozers and scraper pans. The following parameters were evaluated under natural rainfall conditions: runoff, erodibility, and sediment yield. Mine spoil yielded significantly greater runoff volumes, compared with reconstructed topsoil and subsoil. Average curve numbers (CN) were 89.1, 90. 1, and 94.7 for bare topsoil, subsoil, and mine spoil, respectively. The subsoil plot generated the largest amount of sediment and was significantly more erodible than topsoil and mine spoil. The average annual erodibility (K) factor was .046 for topsoil, .067 for subsoil, and .051 for mine spoil, with units of Mg ha h (ha MJ mm)-1. Erodibility of the mine spoil in this study was more than twice that measured from an earlier rainfall simulation study at this same site. Differences in the degree of physical weathering were believed to be the primary contributing factor and, therefore, have important implications when assessing the erodibility of highly weathered spoil materials (e.g., abandoned mine lands). Compared with the soil interpretation record's K factor estimate for the soil series evaluated in this study, the reconstructed topsoil was not inherently more erodible than when existing in its natural, undisturbed condition. Therefore, factors that the mine operator can control (e.g., slope, vegetative cover, management practices) will likely have a greater impact on whether erosion losses from reconstructed soils are significantly greater than losses that occur under pre-mining conditions. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP MCINTOSH, JE (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MAYFIELD,KY 42066, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 156 IS 2 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1097/00010694-199308000-00008 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LU427 UT WOS:A1993LU42700008 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL FANTA, GF DOANE, WM AF SHOGREN, RL FANTA, GF DOANE, WM TI DEVELOPMENT OF STARCH-BASED PLASTICS - A REEXAMINATION OF SELECTED POLYMER SYSTEMS IN HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID BLOWN FILMS; CORN STARCH; EXTRUSION; COMPLEXES AB Recent patents in the starch-based plastics area have claimed melted or ''destructurized'' starch as a new type of material. The term ''destructurized starch'' has apparently been coined after the physically modified state of starch obtained by the disruption of the granular state, resulting in the loss of order and crystallinity. A brief literature review is presented which shows that, in the 1970's, starch containing low (10-30%) water contents was extruded at elevated temperatures to give a thermoplastic melt exhibiting no residual starch crystallinity. Differential scanning calorimetry studies of starch-g-polymethyl acrylate and blends of starch with poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) are also presented. These data indicate that these materials, prepared in the 1970's, also contain starch which was partially or completely destructurized. Thus, although ideas and uses for destructurized starch in plastic items have proliferated in recent years, completely melted or ''destructurized'' starch had been conceived and used much earlier. RP SHOGREN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 36 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 20 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD AUG PY 1993 VL 45 IS 8 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1002/star.19930450806 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LU838 UT WOS:A1993LU83800005 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, EL MCSWEENY, JD AF SPRINGER, EL MCSWEENY, JD TI TREATMENT OF SOFTWOOD KRAFT PULPS WITH PEROXYMONOSULFATE BEFORE OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BLEACHING; DELIGNIFICATION; KRAFT PULPS; OXYGEN; PICEA GLAUCA; PINUS; PRETREATMENT; SULFATES AB This study examines peroxymonosulfate as an oxidative pretreatment before oxygen delignification to allow greater lignin removal and thus reduce the chlorinated organic compounds emitted from the later bleaching stages. A preliminary treatment with a chelating agent or a mineral acid to remove transition metals was essential before the peroxymonosulfate pretreatment. The peroxymonosulfate pretreatment is as effective as the best of the previously studied pretreatments and aw less polluting and more convenient to employ. RP SPRINGER, EL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 8 BP 194 EP 199 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA LQ568 UT WOS:A1993LQ56800023 ER PT J AU FUERTES, J FRYXELL, PA AF FUERTES, J FRYXELL, PA TI NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON SOME MALVACEAE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY CAVANILLES SO TAXON LA English DT Article AB Typifications or interpretations of ten of Cavanilles's new binomials in Malvaceae are presented, based on examination of original materials in the Madrid herbarium. C1 REAL JARDIN BOT,E-28014 MADRID,SPAIN. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA,ARS,AGRON FIELD LAB,COLL STN,TX 77843. RI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/A-3974-2010 OI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/0000-0001-5649-4845 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 1993 VL 42 IS 3 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.2307/1222546 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA LU733 UT WOS:A1993LU73300016 ER PT J AU ZERONIAN, SH BUSCHLEDILLER, G FISHER, LD ALGER, KW HOLMES, SA SLAVEN, PA BERTONIERE, NR AF ZERONIAN, SH BUSCHLEDILLER, G FISHER, LD ALGER, KW HOLMES, SA SLAVEN, PA BERTONIERE, NR TI EFFECT OF PRESWELLING TREATMENTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COTTON FIBERS CROSS-LINKED WITH 1,2,3,4 BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYLOLDIHYDROXYETHYLENEUREA AB Relations were studied between fiber structure and mechanical properties of cotton fibers crosslinked with 1,2,3,4 butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). BTCA was either applied directly to the fibers (NPT) or after they had received a swelling treatment with caustic soda (MER), liquid ammonia (LAT), or monomethylamine (MMA). In some instances BTCA was applied before the caustic treated fibers had been dried (NDMER). The water retention value (WRV) of MER fibers was markedly higher than that of NPT, LAT, or MMA fibers. After BTCA treatment, however, the WRV Of MER fibers fell sharply, but that of MMA or LAT samples did not. Thus the WRV s of BTCA MER and NDMER fibers approached those Of MMA and LAT products. The breaking force of BTCA fibers approached the same value at high BTCA contents, with or without mercerization or methylamine preswelling. It appeared that LAT cotton might retain greater strength than the other samples at high BTCA contents. The breaking extensions Of BTCA fibers that had received a preswelling treatment were higher than those of fibers that had not been pretreated. Properties of MER and NDMER BTCA fibers were similar, even though it appeared that the BTCA was more uniformly distributed in the NDMER fibers. The breaking twist angle (BTA) was determined as a measure of brittleness; the BTA relation with extension for the BTCA samples was similar to a previously determined relation for cotton treated with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP ZERONIAN, SH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV TEXT & CLOTHING,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 63 IS 8 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1177/004051759306300809 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LP530 UT WOS:A1993LP53000009 ER PT J AU WILDEUS, S HAMMOND, AC AF WILDEUS, S HAMMOND, AC TI TESTICULAR, SEMEN AND BLOOD PARAMETERS IN ADAPTED AND NONADAPTED BOS-TAURUS BULLS IN THE SEMIARID TROPICS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SENEPOL; HOLSTEIN; BULL; SEMEN; SEASON ID HOLSTEIN BULLS; CONSISTENCY; SEASON; CATTLE; GROWTH; SPERMATOZOA; ACROSOMES; BREED; AGE AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate differences in testicular, seminal and hematological characteristics in adapted (Senepol) and nonadapted (Holstein) Bos taurus bulls under the semi-arid environmental conditions of St. Croix, Virgin Islands (17-degrees-N, 64-degrees-W). In Experiment 1 mature, sexually-rested Senepol (n=10) and Holstein (n=9) bulls of similar age (37 months) and body weight (715 kg) and grazing on adjacent native pastures, were tested on the same day in July (28.8-degrees-C mean ambient temperature, 81.5% humidity). Senepol bulls had lower (P < 0.01) rectal temperatures (39.3 vs 40.0-degrees-C) and higher (P < 0.01) packed cell volumes (41.4 vs 35.2%) than Holstein bulls. Scrotal circumference was 3 cm larger (P < 0.1) and testis tone firmer (P < 0.001) in Senepol compared to Holstein bulls. Ejaculates, obtained by electroejaculation, contained 3.2 x 10(9) more spermatozoa with fewer abnormal tails and detached acrosomes in Senepol than in Holstein bulls (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, Senepol (n=42) and Holstein (n=30) bulls, representing 3 beef and 5 dairy farms, were evaluated during the summer (August/September) and winter (February/March). Again, scrotal circumference was larger (P < 0.05) and testis tone firmer (P < 0.001) in Senepol than in Holstein bulls, with no effect of season. Seminal fructose was higher (P < 0.01) in Senepol than in Holstein bulls and decreased (P < 0.01) during the winter collection. Blood plasma urea nitrogen and glucose were similar between breeds, but urea nitrogen was lower (P < 0.01) during the summer. Significant (P < 0.01) breed-by-age interactions were observed for the frequency of spermatozoa with protoplasmic droplets, decreasing in Holstein but not in Senepol bulls. The data point to differences between the adapted and nonadapted breed type in testicular and ejaculate characteristics, but also suggest that season has only a limited impact on bull reproductive function under the environmental conditions in St. Croix. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. RP WILDEUS, S (reprint author), UNIV VIRGIN ISL,AGR EXPT STN,ST CROIX,VI 00850, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(93)90272-7 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA LQ404 UT WOS:A1993LQ40400012 PM 16727320 ER PT J AU BALDWIN, VC BURKHART, HE DOUGHERTY, PM TESKEY, RO AF BALDWIN, VC BURKHART, HE DOUGHERTY, PM TESKEY, RO TI USING A GROWTH AND YIELD MODEL (PTAEDA2) AS A DRIVER FOR A BIOLOGICAL PROCESS MODEL (MAESTRO) SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; CROWN STRUCTURE; FOLIAGE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; PINUS-TAEDA L; TREE AND STAND GROWTH AB Objectives, approach, and results of the modeling required to adapt the management oriented growth and yield model (PTAEDA2) to function as a driver for the biologically based process model (MAESTRO), the first step towards a complete linkage of the two, are presented. MAESTRO is a model that estimates the carbon gain of an array of trees in a stand by calculating and integrating the effects of numerous biological and physical variables on photosynthesis and respiration processes. Model outputs are the radiation flux densities at any point within the stand, hourly and daily totals of radiation absorbed, and photosynthesis and transpiration by leaves within the crown of one or more target trees. The tree factors are then summed to the stand level. PTAEDA2 is a distant-dependent, individual-tree model that simulates the growth and yield of a plantation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Each individual tree's survival and maximum growth potential at any given age is adjusted by the influences of competition and change in photosynthetic capacity. Tree and stand growth are predicted on an annual basis. For the initial linkage, PTA-EDA2 outputs tree and stand descriptive information of the type and format required for input into MAESTRO, with only accompanying minor changes necessary to the receptor model. New relationships and modifications of prediction equations for individual tree mean crown radius, crown shape, crown length, and the vertical and horizontal distributions of foliage biomass necessary for this linkage are presented. RP BALDWIN, VC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 1993 IS 276 BP U1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MD441 UT WOS:A1993MD44100001 ER PT J AU DARGATZ, DA SALMAN, MD AF DARGATZ, DA SALMAN, MD TI APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES AND METHODS TO INVESTIGATING AND CONTROLLING EQUINE INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-EQUINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article RP DARGATZ, DA (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA,CTR EPIDEMIOL,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,555 S HOWES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-0739 J9 VET CLIN N AM-EQUINE JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Equine Pract. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 247 EP 255 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LN372 UT WOS:A1993LN37200002 PM 8358644 ER PT J AU HOUSE, JA AF HOUSE, JA TI AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-EQUINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article RP HOUSE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-0739 J9 VET CLIN N AM-EQUINE JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Equine Pract. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 355 EP 364 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LN372 UT WOS:A1993LN37200010 PM 8358648 ER PT J AU BOSWORTH, BT DOWBENKO, D SHUSTER, DE HARP, JA AF BOSWORTH, BT DOWBENKO, D SHUSTER, DE HARP, JA TI BOVINE L-SELECTIN - A PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE HOMING RECEPTOR SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENDOTHELIAL VENULES; EVOLUTIONARY CONSERVATION; INTERACTION DOMAINS; ADHESION MOLECULE; LECTIN ACTIVITY; HUMAN HOMOLOG; MURINE; BINDING; NODES; IDENTIFICATION AB The cDNA clone encoding for the bovine peripheral lymph node homing receptor (L-selectin) was isolated and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine L-selectin showed an overall high identity with that of human and murine L-selectin. However, the cytoplasmic tail of bovine L-selectin showed little similarity to that of human and murine L-selectin. The monoclonal antibody DREG-56, which recognizes human L-selectin, blocked the binding of bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to high-walled endothelial venules in murine peripheral lymph nodes. Surface expression of bovine L-selectin was high in lymphocytes isolated from peripheral lymph nodes and low in lymphocytes isolated from Peyer's patches. This evidence strongly suggests that bovine L-selectin is a peripheral lymphocyte homing receptor. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. GENENTECH INC,DEPT IMMUNOBIOL,S SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94080. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90194-9 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA LU596 UT WOS:A1993LU59600002 PM 7694420 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, DR REILLY, JD LIU, X SILVA, RF AF MARSHALL, DR REILLY, JD LIU, X SILVA, RF TI SELECTION OF MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS RECOMBINANTS EXPRESSING THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI GPT GENE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; DOMINANT SELECTION; VACCINIA VIRUSES; MDV SEROTYPE-2; FOREIGN GENES; DNA; HERPESVIRUS; SEQUENCES; CELLS C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 195 IS 2 BP 638 EP 648 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1415 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM714 UT WOS:A1993LM71400035 PM 8393240 ER PT J AU LAEGREID, WW SKOWRONEK, A STONEMARSCHAT, M BURRAGE, T AF LAEGREID, WW SKOWRONEK, A STONEMARSCHAT, M BURRAGE, T TI CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENCE VARIANTS OF AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note RP LAEGREID, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,MOLEC PATHOL UNIT,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 195 IS 2 BP 836 EP 839 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1440 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM714 UT WOS:A1993LM71400060 PM 8337849 ER PT J AU KELLY, JM TAYLOR, GE EDWARDS, NT ADAMS, MB EDWARDS, GS FRIEND, AL AF KELLY, JM TAYLOR, GE EDWARDS, NT ADAMS, MB EDWARDS, GS FRIEND, AL TI GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGY, AND NUTRITION OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS STRESSED BY OZONE AND ACIDIC PRECIPITATION - A SUMMARY OF THE ROPIS-SOUTH PROJECT SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; TAEDA L SEEDLINGS; SOIL MG STATUS; THROUGHFALL CHEMISTRY; SEASONAL PATTERNS; GROWING SEASONS; PICEA-ABIES; RAIN; EXPOSURE; FOLIAR AB Previously published results from a multidisciplinary research program, Response of Plants to Interacting Stress (ROPIS), initiated by the Electric Power Research Insitute are summarized here. The overall objective of the ROPIS program was to develop a general mechanistic theory of plant response to air pollutants and other stresses. Direct and indirect phytotoxic impacts of O3 combined with induced deficiencies of key nutrients as a consequence of acidic deposition are important components in many of the hypotheses used to explain reported declines in forest growth. In order to address these concerns as they relate to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth and develop a greater level of mechanistic understanding of stress response, a study was formulated with two major objectives: (i) over a multi-yr period evaluate the role of loblolly pine genotype in governing loblolly growth response to O3; and (ii) determine the underlying physiological and edaphic basis for loblolly growth response to O3, acidic precipitation, and soil Mg status. An open-top chamber facility located at Oak Ridge, TN provided controlled O3 exposure for the genotype screening study (1986-88) and controlled O3 exposure and rainfall exclusion and addition for the O3-rainfall acidity-soil Mg interaction study (1987-89). A variety of experimental techniques, measurements, and statistical procedures were used over a 4-yr period to quantify various aspects of plant growth, physiology, and soil-plant relationships. Results from the genotype screening study indicate that although family-specifiC O3 effects were observed at the end of the first year, no statistically significant O3 effects on diameter, height, or total biomass were evident at the end of three growing seasons; nor were any significant O3-family interactions found. In the interaction study, rainfall acidity and soil Mg level had only minimal affects on seedling growth and physiology. Ozone exposure produced significant changes in many variables, the most important being a net retention of carbon in above-ground biomass and a subsequent reduction in carbon allocation to the root system. This change could have important longterm implications for the tree's ability to obtain water and nutrients, maintain important rhizosphere organisms, and achieve a level of vigor that protects against disease and insect attack. C1 UNIV NEVADA,INST DESERT RES,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ENVIRONM & RESOURCE SCI,RENO,NV 89557. US FOREST SERV,PARSONS,WV. TVA,NORRIS,TN. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP KELLY, JM (reprint author), TVA,COOPERAT FOREST STUDIES PROGRAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 69 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 391 DI 10.1007/BF00478171 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LV292 UT WOS:A1993LV29200012 ER PT J AU SOMMERFELD, RA ROCCHIO, JE AF SOMMERFELD, RA ROCCHIO, JE TI PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS ON NEW AND EQUITEMPERATURE SNOW SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRY SNOW; CONVECTION; AIR AB Measurements of the air permeability were performed on snow from six horizons within a snowpack at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystems Experiment Site in southeastern Wyoming. The snow was new or equitemperature snow, with densities (rho(s)) ranging between 0.134 and 0.367 Mg m-3. The specific surface area of ice in each sample was measured stereologically. Intrinsic permeabilities (K0) calculated from these data ranged from 3.0 x 10(-10) to 3.1 x 10(-9) m2. The data fitted the equation K0 = 1.096 x 10(-8)e9.57rho(s), with a standard deviation of 2.8 x 10(-10) m2 . A dimensionally correct relationship between permeability and specific surface area did not fit our data as well as a simple density relationship. The small scatter reported is attributed to careful selection of undamaged samples and the prevention of sample sublimation during the measurements. C1 US FOREST SERV,SONORA,CA 95370. RP SOMMERFELD, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 29 IS 8 BP 2485 EP 2490 DI 10.1029/93WR01071 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LR884 UT WOS:A1993LR88400002 ER PT J AU BALL, DA SHAFFER, MJ AF BALL, DA SHAFFER, MJ TI SIMULATING RESOURCE COMPETITION IN MULTISPECIES AGRICULTURAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE-MODEL; LEAF-AREA; LIGHT; WEEDS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; GROWTH; YIELD AB Agricultural systems that utilize reduced tillage, minimal inputs produced off-farm, and/or intercropping are being developed worldwide. In these systems competition for resources among two or more plant species, including weeds, are important. A need exists for improved modelling capabilities of multispecies interactions so that these systems can be studied more quickly and efficiently. The Nitrogen, Tillage, Residue, Management. (NTRM) model was expanded to simulate the concurrent development of several plant species growing together in a field-sized agricultural plant community. Competitive interactions between component plant species were simulated by the addition of algorithms to partition average daily light flux density in a one-dimensional, horizontally layered plant canopy and by expansion of a one-dimensional root zone sub-model to predict the simultaneous extraction of water and soil nitrogen by competing plant root systems. The expanded simulation model, known as NTRM-MSC (-Multiple Species Competition), was calibrated and validated with data obtained from a field study investigating corn (Zea mays L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) competitive interactions. Preliminary model validation was performed using data from com/pigweed mixtures and monocultures receiving reduced irrigation inputs or no nitrogen fertilization. Results indicated that the NTRM-MSC model shows promise for simulating canopy light interception in mixed and monoculture stands. The model also performed well (r2 of 0-889 to 0.955) at predicting dry matter accumulation and leaf area development of both com and redroot pigweed growing in mixture and monoculture for irrigated, non-irrigated, and for N-fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. Sensitivity analyses of several model parameters suggest that the NTRM-MSC model may provide information on factors important in driving the competition between species in agroecosystems. C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01945.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LN878 UT WOS:A1993LN87800003 ER PT J AU BAKKE, JE MULFORD, DJ HUWE, JK FEIL, VJ DAVISON, KL AF BAKKE, JE MULFORD, DJ HUWE, JK FEIL, VJ DAVISON, KL TI GLUTATHIONE-MEDIATED METHYLTHIO-TURNOVER AND SEX-DIFFERENCES IN THE METABOLISM OF PENTACHLOROTHIOANISOLE BY RAT SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID ARTIFACT FORMATION; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE; DISPLACEMENT AB 1. Sex differences observed in the metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole in rat were due to: (1) greater excretion in urine by females, and greater biliary excretion by males; (2) formation of pentachlorophenyl mercapturic acid pathway metabolites by females; and (3) redox-cycling between methylthio and methylsulphoxyl oxidation congeners in intermediary metabolites by females. 2. Three methylthio-turnover processes are proposed in the intermediary metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole. RP BAKKE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 8 BP 949 EP 960 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MB614 UT WOS:A1993MB61400012 PM 8284949 ER PT J AU SHAIKH, B MOATS, WA AF SHAIKH, B MOATS, WA TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG RESIDUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; FLUORESCENCE HPLC DETERMINATION; THERMOSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE DETECTION; PENICILLIN-G; BOVINE-MILK; OXYTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; THIN-LAYER; CHLORTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES AB This paper reviews recent developments in the liquid chromatographic (LC) methods of analysis for the residues of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, beta-lactams, etc.) in food products of animal origin. The review also covers clean-up procedures, such as, ultrafiltration, liquid-liquid partition. solid-phase extraction. immunoaffinity, and matrix solid-phase dispersion, for use as extraction, deproteination, and concentration steps. The LC methods offer considerable potential for rapid automated analysis, and some may be used as direct screening for residues in meat and milk. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHAIKH, B (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,BARC E,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 96 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUL 23 PY 1993 VL 643 IS 1-2 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80573-Q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LP651 UT WOS:A1993LP65100039 PM 8360305 ER PT J AU STOCKER, DW STEDMAN, DH ZELLER, KF MASSMAN, WJ FOX, DG AF STOCKER, DW STEDMAN, DH ZELLER, KF MASSMAN, WJ FOX, DG TI FLUXES OF NITROGEN-OXIDES AND OZONE MEASURED BY EDDY-CORRELATION OVER A SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; DRY DEPOSITION; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; SOILS; SURFACE; NO AB The fluxes of NO2, NO(y) and ozone were measured by eddy correlation at a grassland field site from March 5 to August 2, 1988. The nitrogen oxide fluxes were generally small and upward during the day. Overnight, the fluxes were zero. The average daytime NO2 flux increased from 2.2 ng (N) m-2 s-1 during March and April (Julian days 65 to 121) to 5.7 ng (N) m-2 s-1 in June and July (Julian days 153 to 193). The average NO(y) flux for the period June 21 to August 2, 1988, was 7.6 ng (N) m-2 s-1 (Julian days 173 to 215). The largest fluxes were observed after rainstorms from drying surfaces, when the flux increased exponentially with soil temperature. Fluxes from dry soils were small and were not a strong function of soil temperature. The deposition of ozone, measured as oxidant to correct for homogeneous gas phase chemistry, showed a strong diurnal variation. The average daytime deposition velocity was 0.36 cm s-1 and 0.22 cm s-1, overnight. Surface resistance calculations show that under conditions of adequate soil moisture, approximately half of the ozone was deposited on the inner surfaces of the foliage, the remainder being deposited on the soil, outer leaf walls, and to the dead plant material. When soil moisture is low, less ozone is deposited on the foliage presumably because of water-stress-induced stomatal closure. C1 UNIV DENVER, DEPT CHEM, DENVER, CO 80210 USA. US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NR 68 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D7 BP 12619 EP 12630 DI 10.1029/93JD00871 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LP166 UT WOS:A1993LP16600002 ER PT J AU TYLER, JW CHEATHAM, DG DANDREA, G SPANO, JS FLICKINGER, C SCHWITALA, M AF TYLER, JW CHEATHAM, DG DANDREA, G SPANO, JS FLICKINGER, C SCHWITALA, M TI MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER IN A GAUR (BOS-GAURUS) COW SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 VET DIAGNOST LAB,AUBURN,AL. VALLEY VET ASSOC,PINE MT,GA. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,MONTGOMERY,AL. RP TYLER, JW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM SURG & MED,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 2 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM771 UT WOS:A1993LM77100017 PM 8407480 ER PT J AU ESPESETH, D AF ESPESETH, D TI BOVINE IMMUNIZATION GUIDELINES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP ESPESETH, D (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 2 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM771 UT WOS:A1993LM77100022 ER PT J AU HANSKI, I TURCHIN, P KORPIMAKI, E HENTTONEN, H AF HANSKI, I TURCHIN, P KORPIMAKI, E HENTTONEN, H TI POPULATION OSCILLATIONS OF BOREAL RODENTS - REGULATION BY MUSTELID PREDATORS LEADS TO CHAOS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MICROTINE CYCLES; PREY ABUNDANCE; LEAST WEASELS; NIVALIS; DYNAMICS; HYPOTHESIS; NUMBERS; SIZE AB THE four-year cycle of microtine rodents in boreal and arctic regions was first described in 1924 (ref. 1). Competing hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the small mammal cycle have been extensively tested2-5, but so far the sustained rodent oscillations are unexplained. Here we use two mutually supportive approaches to investigate this question. First, building on studies of the interaction between rodents and their mustelid predators6-9, we construct a predator-prey model with seasonality. Second, we use a new technique of nonlinear analysis10,11 to examine empirical time-series data, and compare them with the model dynamics. The model parameterized with field data predicts dynamics that closely resemble the observed dynamics of boreal rodent populations. Both the predicted and observed dynamics are chaotic, albeit with a statistically significant periodic component. Our results suggest that the multiannual oscillations of rodent populations in Fennoscandia are due to delayed density dependence imposed by mustelid predators, and are chaotic. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. UNIV TURKU,DEPT BIOL,ECOL ZOOL LAB,SF-20500 TURKU 50,FINLAND. FINNISH FOREST RES UNIT,DEPT FOREST ECOL,SF-01301 VANTAA,FINLAND. RP HANSKI, I (reprint author), UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT ZOOL,DIV ECOL,POB 17,P RAUTATIEKATU 13,SF-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. NR 30 TC 336 Z9 346 U1 4 U2 49 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 15 PY 1993 VL 364 IS 6434 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1038/364232a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LM683 UT WOS:A1993LM68300055 PM 8321318 ER PT J AU EBEWELE, RO RIVER, BH MYERS, GE AF EBEWELE, RO RIVER, BH MYERS, GE TI POLYAMINE-MODIFIED UREA-FORMALDEHYDE-BONDED WOOD JOINTS .3. FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS AND CYCLIC STRESS AND HYDROLYSIS RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESINS AB The objective of this study was to improve the durability and stability of urea-formaldehyde-bonded wood products by decreasing the internal stress developed during the resin cure and by improving the ability of the cured system to withstand cyclic stresses. Urea-formaldehyde resins were modified either by incorporating urea-capped di- and trifunctional amines into the resin structure or by using the hydrochloride derivatives of some of these amines as the curing agent, or by both methods. This study supplements our previous work by examining the effects of additional amines and subjecting bonded products to additional testing. Solid wood joints bonded with a variety (7 of 15) of modified adhesives had resistance to cyclic stress superior compared to that of joints bonded with unmodified urea-formaldehyde adhesive; at least three of the modified adhesives approached the behavior of phenol-formaldehyde-bonded joints. Resistance to moist heat aging, although still inferior to that of phenol-formaldehyde-bonded joints, was significantly improved for joints bonded with modified adhesives over joints made with unmodified resins. The fracture behavior of joints made with modified adhesives was different from that of joints made with unmodified resins. The fracture energy was greater for joints made with three of four modified adhesives than for joints made with unmodified resins. Modified adhesives produced particleboards with enhanced cyclic stress resistance. Formaldehyde emission from particleboards made with resins modified with urea-terminated amines was less than emission from boards made with unmodified resins. However, emissions from particleboards made with amine hydrochlorides were not improved compared to those from boards made with an ammonium chloride curing agent. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070490205 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA LG748 UT WOS:A1993LG74800005 ER PT J AU HOLFINGER, MS CONNER, AH LORENZ, LF HILL, CG AF HOLFINGER, MS CONNER, AH LORENZ, LF HILL, CG TI DIFURFURYL DIISOCYANATES - NEW ADHESIVES DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The syntheses of difurfuryl diisocyanates [e.g., ethylidenebis(2,5-furandiylmethylene) diisocyanate (EDFI) ] have been reported in the literature. Difurfuryl diisocyanates are structurally similar to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), which has proven to be an excellent adhesive for bonding wood composites. The MDI resin is synthesized from petroleum-derived chemicals; the EDFI resin is synthesized from biomass-derived chemicals. In this study, the mechanical properties of aspen flakeboards bonded with MDI and EDFI are compared. In general, results show that the strength properties of flakeboards bonded with MDI are only marginally better than those bonded with EDFI. Because EDFI is more viscous than is MDI, less than optimum atomization of the EDFI resin during spraying of the flakes is believed to be largely responsible for the differences in strength property values. The dry internal bond strength values of flakeboards bonded with MDI (1.33 MPa; 193 lb/in.2) and EDFI (0.97 MPa; 140 lb/in.2) at 3% resin content are significantly greater than the 0.41 MPa (60 lb/in.2) required by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI/A208.1) for type-2 medium-density particleboard. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070490214 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA LG748 UT WOS:A1993LG74800014 ER PT J AU LIU, JH WATERHOUSE, AL CHATTERTON, NJ AF LIU, JH WATERHOUSE, AL CHATTERTON, NJ TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS D-FRUCTANS .7. PROTON AND CARBON NMR CHEMICAL-SHIFT ASSIGNMENTS FOR [BETA-D-FRUF-(2-]1)]3-(2[--]1)-ALPHA-D-GLCP (NYSTOSE) AND [BETA-D-FRUF-(2-]1)]4-(2[--]1)-ALPHA-D-GLCP (1,1,1-KESTOPENTAOSE FROM 2-DIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 1-KESTOSE; SPECTROSCOPY; INULIN; NEOKESTOSE; SUCROSE AB The proton chemical-shift assignment of nystose (1) [beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <----> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside], was determined by using two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectral methods, and corrections of, and additions to the previous C-13 chemical-shift assignments were made. The H-1 peak of H-1 of the D-glucosyl group was determined by its chemical shift. Signals from fructose-1 were distinguished by the observation of long-range C-H coupling between H-1 of the D-glucosyl group and C-2 of fructose-1. The distinction between fructose-2 and fructose-3 was made by the different 1J(CH) coupling patterns between C-1 and H-1. Assignments of C-13 and H-1 chemical shifts of the related dp 5 compound, beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <----> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1,1,1-kestopentaose, 2) are also reported here with comparisons of its spectral data with the data from 1-kestose, nystose and inulin. Based on differences in C-13 chemical shifts, it appears that the chemical environment of inulin is not attained in nystose, and only partially attained in 1,1,1-kestopentaose. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VITICULTURE & ENOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RI Waterhouse, Andrew /F-6719-2011 OI Waterhouse, Andrew /0000-0002-5088-7442 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-13148]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR04795] NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUL 5 PY 1993 VL 245 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)80056-K PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LL889 UT WOS:A1993LL88900002 PM 8358742 ER PT J AU SCHIFF, NM SHEPPARD, WS AF SCHIFF, NM SHEPPARD, WS TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA EVIDENCE FOR THE 19TH-CENTURY INTRODUCTION OF AFRICAN HONEY-BEES INTO THE UNITED-STATES SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEE; APIS-MELLIFERA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; COLONIZATION; SUBSPECIES; POPULATION GENETICS ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; AMERICA; BRAZIL AB Since the introduction of an African subspecies into Brazil in the mid-1950's1, descendent 'Africanized' honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) have spread throughout the Neotropics and into temperate North America. Restriction enzyme analysis of 422 feral honey bee colonies collected from non-Africanized areas in the southern United States revealed that over 21% of them had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from a European race established in North America by the 17th century, 77% of them had mtDNA common in honey bees maintained by beekeepers and about 1% exhibited African mtDNA. Further analysis revealed that the African mtDNA was derived from a north African subspecies imported to the US in the 19th century. RP SCHIFF, NM (reprint author), USDA,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD JUL 5 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 6-7 BP 530 EP 532 DI 10.1007/BF01955156 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LN363 UT WOS:A1993LN36300010 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME RAJAGOPALAN, K SIEVERT, G HALEY, BE WATT, DS AF SALVUCCI, ME RAJAGOPALAN, K SIEVERT, G HALEY, BE WATT, DS TI PHOTOAFFINITY-LABELING OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE WITH ATP GAMMA-BENZOPHENONE - IDENTIFICATION OF THE ATP GAMMA-PHOSPHATE BINDING DOMAIN SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; ADENYLATE KINASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SITES; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; HYDROLYSIS; EXPRESSION; F1-ATPASE AB The phosphate-binding domain of the ATP-binding site of tobacco Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) activase was elucidated by photoaffinity labeling with a monoanhydride of ADP with N-(4-(benzoyl)phenylmethyl)phosphoramide ([gamma-P-32] ATPgammaBP). Covalent incorporation of [gamma-P-32]ATPgammaBP into the 42-kDa Rubisco activase subunit was dependent upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. Photolabeling of Rubisco activase with ATPgammaBP exhibited saturation kinetics; the apparent K(d) for photolabeling was 5 muM. Two lines of evidence showed that ATPgammaBP modified Rubisco activase at the ATP-binding domain. First, physiological concentrations of ATP and ADP afforded complete protection against photolabeling of Rubisco activase by ATPgammaBP. Second, photolysis of Rubisco activase in the presence of ATPgammaBP decreased both the ATPase and the Rubisco activating activities. Inactivation of enzyme activity was dependent on ATPgammaBP concentration and could be prevented by including ADP during photolabeling. The region of Rubisco activase that was modified by ATPgammaBP was identified by isolating photolabeled peptides. Sequence analysis showed that ATPgammaBP modified Rubisco activase in two distinct regions; one region, S117-A136, is adjacent to the P-loop and the other region, V223-T234, exhibits homology to a region of adenylate kinase that ligates the essential metal ion. Photolabeling of these two regions of Rubisco activase was consistent with modification of the ATP gamma-phosphate-binding domain of Rubisco activase with ATPgammaBP. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT MED CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,107-A ANIM PATHOL BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-35766] NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 5 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 19 BP 14239 EP 14244 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LJ825 UT WOS:A1993LJ82500067 PM 8314787 ER PT J AU TOBIASON, FL FRONCZEK, FR STEYNBERG, JP STEYNBERG, EC HEMINGWAY, RW AF TOBIASON, FL FRONCZEK, FR STEYNBERG, JP STEYNBERG, EC HEMINGWAY, RW TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSES, AND CHARGE-DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR ENT-EPIFISETINIDOL - AN EXPLANATION FOR REGIOSPECIFIC ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC-SUBSTITUTION OF 5-DEOXYFLAVANS SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID C(4)-C(8) LINKED DIMERS; HETEROCYCLIC RING; CONDENSED TANNINS; 16 C(4)-C(6); SOLID-STATE; (-)-EPICATECHIN; (+)-CATECHIN; FLUORESCENCE; PROCYANIDINS; DECAY AB Molecular modeling and molecular orbital analyses of ent-epifisetinidol gave good predictions of the approximate ''reverse half-chair'' conformation found for the crystal structure. MNDO(e) and AMI analyses of HOMO electron densities provided an explanation for the stereospecific electrophilic aromatic substitution at C(6) in 5-deoxy-flavans. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP TOBIASON, FL (reprint author), PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,TACOMA,WA 98447, USA. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 2 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 27 BP 5927 EP 5940 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87179-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA LK754 UT WOS:A1993LK75400003 ER PT J AU ARNADE, C SPARKS, A AF ARNADE, C SPARKS, A TI CHILES AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Chile's fruit sector, both in production and exports, has grown significantly since 1974. At that time, Chile introduced structural reforms in its economy which assured that market principles would operate regarding land ownership. Also, the government began a 'hands-off policy which basically allowed free-market principles to prevail. As a result of these conditions operating in the economy, Chile's agricultural sector diversified from producing largely annual crops and wool to also producing a significant amount of commercial fruit crops. A second round of diversification is currently underway within the fruit industry where pears and peaches are being produced and exported in addition to apples and table grapes. In this paper we derive decision criteria when aggregate performance is evaluated from the perspective of maximizing a risk-averse utility function. Empirical evidence on Chilean fruit exports indicates that, on an aggregate level, Chilean fruit exporters are following the path of utility maximization and validates the sequence by which Chilean producers introduced nontraditional crops over time. While on an individual level there may be complex factors and constraints involved in the planting decisions, the results of this study seem to indicate that the sum of producer behavior satisfies the conditions required for maximizing a risk-averse utility function. C1 USDA ARS,1301 NEW YORK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(93)90033-9 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA LQ352 UT WOS:A1993LQ35200001 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE PEDERSON, GA AF BRINK, GE PEDERSON, GA TI WHITE CLOVER RESPONSE TO GRAZING METHOD SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; PASTURES; PLANTS; GROWTH; SHEEP; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; STOLONS; SWARDS AB Grazing management is a major factor influencing white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growth. Our objective was to determine the response of white clover cultivars differing in leaf size to grazing method (continuous vs. rotational stocking) using cattle (Bos spp.). In each of 2 yr, a predominantly tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) sod on a Savannah fine sandy loam (fine-loamy siliceous, thermic Typic Fragiudult) was oversown in September with 'Grasslands Huia' (medium-small leaf), 'Louisiana S-1' (medium-large leaf), and 'Regal' (large leaf) white clover. From March to August of the following year, plots of each cultivar were stocked continuously (3- to 5-cm stubble) or rotationally (grazed to 5-cm stubble every 35 to 38 d). Clover growth was measured prior to rotational grazing and stolon survival was determined in November. When precipitation during the grazing season was 59% above normal, grazing method had no influence on mean single leaf area, stolon dry weight, and stolon growing point density of white clover. In contrast, continuous stocking reduced these responses when precipitation was 32% below normal the following year. Cultivar ranking for mean single leaf area was generally the same as that for leaf size category: Grasslands Huia < Louisiana S-1 < Regal. Although stolon length and growing point density were frequently greatest for Grasslands Huia, stolon survival of Grasslands Huia was no greater than that of the larger-leafed cultivars. Despite varying effects of grazing method on growth and morphology, stolon survival of white clover was always greater under rotational stocking. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 791 EP 794 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200001 ER PT J AU FORBES, TDA COLEMAN, SW AF FORBES, TDA COLEMAN, SW TI FORAGE INTAKE AND INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR OF CATTLE GRAZING OLD-WORLD BLUESTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANT STRUCTURE; TROPICAL PASTURES; SETARIA-ANCEPS; HERBAGE INTAKE; BITE SIZE; SWARD; SHEEP; ANIMALS; COWS AB Many native and introduced warm-season grasses are being seeded as a consequence of crop reduction programs; however, little is known about the intake and ingestive behavior of cattle (Bos taurus L.) grazing such grasses. The influence of differences in herbage mass, sward height, and morphological composition of old world bluestem (Bothriochloa spp.) pastures on herbage intake and ingestive behavior of steers were examined over the course of two grazing seasons at El Reno, OK. Soils were fine-silty Pachic Haplustolls of the Dale series. Swards of 'Caucasian' [B. caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.] and 'Plains' [B. ischaemum (Hack.) Celarier & Harlan var. ischaemum (L.) Keng.] old world bluestem were maintained within the range of 0.5 to 5 Mg ha-1 by continuous variable stocking. Five grazing trials were conducted using a total of 20 swards over the 2 yr. In both years, pastures were grazed from mid-May to late September by steers with an initial weight of almost-equal-to 250 kg. Results showed that changes in sward height had little influence on organic matter intake or ingestive behavior, but changes in herbage mass, green mass, total green leaf proportion, and leaf proportion had more effect. Diet digestibility was most influenced by the proportion of green leaf in the sward. Organic matter intake increased with increasing green leaf mass to 1.07 Mg ha-1 and then decreased. Intake per bite and grazing time also increased as proportion of green leaf and herbage mass increased, respectively. These two measures of ingestive behavior were highly influential on intake. Management of old world bluestems should aim to maintain swards with a high proportion of green leaf. C1 USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP FORBES, TDA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR RES & EXT,1619 GARNER FIELD RD,UVALDE,TX 78801, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 808 EP 816 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200004 ER PT J AU PETTIGREW, WT HEITHOLT, JJ MEREDITH, WR AF PETTIGREW, WT HEITHOLT, JJ MEREDITH, WR TI EARLY-SEASON ETHEPHON APPLICATION EFFECTS ON COTTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOLIAR GAS-EXCHANGE; GLYCINE-MAX; ETHYLENE; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; REMOVAL; YIELD; WHEAT AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) can compensate for a limited amount of early floral bud (square) loss induced by early ethephon ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phospbonic acid] application, but ethephon has been found to alter the photosynthetic process in many species. A field study was conducted in 1989 and 1990 to determine how early season ethephon application affected cotton photosynthesis throughout the growing season. Early season squares were removed by hand or induced to abscise with a spray application of 0.28 kg ha-1 ethephon. Dry matter harvests were collected and light-saturated leaf CO2 exchange rates (CER) measured periodically throughout both growing seasons. Concentrations of leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), and thylakoid proteins CPI and light harvesting complex along with the specific leaf weights were periodically determined on leaves tested for CER. The net assimilation rate was 13 to 17% lower in the ethephon-treated plots directly after treatment application in both years. In 1990, leaf CER was 15% lower in the ethephon-treated plants than either the check or hand-removal treatments 2 d after treatment application, but was 5% greater than the two other treatments 13 d later. Stomatal conductance of the ethephon-treated plants was 23% lower during the period of lower CER and net assimilation rate, but the internal CO2 concentration was unchanged, suggesting depressed photosynthetic activity in the chloroplasts, in addition to stomatal closure. Other than the 1- to 2-wk period after treatment application, CER was unaffected by treatments. Perhaps superior carbohydrate partitioning or remobilization is more important than elevated photosynthesis in compensating for early square loss. RP PETTIGREW, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 821 EP 825 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200006 ER PT J AU WARNER, DA BURKE, JJ AF WARNER, DA BURKE, JJ TI COOL NIGHT TEMPERATURES ALTER LEAF STARCH AND PHOTOSYSTEM-II CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN COTTON SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOLERANCE AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and reproduction are sensitive to cool temperatures, but few studies are available on specific metabolic responses to low temperature stress. We studied the relationship between starch levels and Photosystem II (PSII) function in cotton plants grown in growth chambers to determine if low temperature stress at night alters metabolic processes during the day when temperatures are optimal. Predawn starch levels in fully expanded leaves were three to four times higher on an area basis, and PSII chlorophyll fluorescence was 43 to 54% lower in leaves of two varieties of cotton (T25 and Paymaster HS26, averages for three plants of each variety) when grown with a day/night temperature of 28/20-degrees-C, compared with plants grown at a constant temperature of 28-degrees-C. Cotton plants that were grown at a constant 28-degrees-C had 4.4 (T25, n = 3) to 6.6 (HS26, n = 3) times more starch on a leaf-ama basis after exposure to one night at 20-degrees-C. When cotton plants that were grown with a day/night temperature of 28/20-degrees-C were exposed to one night at 28-degrees-C, starch was depleted to levels found in control plants that were grown at a constant 28-degrees-C. The response of chlorophyll fluorescence was reciprocal to that of leaf starch when night temperature was changed. Shading, to reduce starch in six plants of each variety grown with 20-degrees-C night temperatures to levels found in plants grown with 28-degrees-C night temperatures, resulted in increased PSII chlorophyll fluorescence of 200%. We conclude that a night temperature of 20-degrees-C caused an accumulation of leaf starch that was associated with reduced PSII function, even when plants experienced optimal temperatures during the day. RP WARNER, DA (reprint author), USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 836 EP 840 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200009 ER PT J AU KINIRY, JR AF KINIRY, JR TI NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION BY WHEAT SHADED DURING GRAIN-GROWTH SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; FILLING PERIOD; DRY-MATTER; SORGHUM; STEMS; RESPIRATION; ANTHESIS; NITROGEN; REMOBILIZATION AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is commonly grown in dryland conditions, where environmental stress during grain filling can increase the dependency on stored assimilate. The objective of this study was to quantify the loss of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) from wheat leaves and stems and the increase in seed dry mass when severe shading stress occurred after anthesis. Beginning 10 to 11 d after anthesis, severe shading was imposed on 'Mit' wheat in the field at Temple, TX, in 1991 and 1992. During shading, plants with spikes had reductions in stem dry mass of 290 g kg-1 in 1991 and 140 g kg-1 in 1992. Leaf dry mass decreased 240 g kg-1 in 1991 and increased 10 g kg-1 in 1992. Fructan and sucrose comprised the largest proportion of the storage carbohydrate reduction in stems and leaves. Starch in stems and leaves was not remobilized during shading. Estimates of maintenance coefficient were 4.3 mg carbohydrate g-1 dry mass d-1 in 1991 and 1.8 in 1992. Maintenance respiration consumed 68% of the TNC present at the start of shading in 1991 and 18% in 1992. There was 0.68 g of grain produced per gram of assimilate lost from leaves, stems, and the nongrain portions of spikes in 1991 and 0.78 in 1992. When estimated costs of maintenance respiration were removed, 0.82 and 0.93 g of grain was produced per gram of assimilate that disappeared. Stored carbohydrate represented an important buffer for yield production when stress occurred during grain filling. RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 844 EP 849 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200011 ER PT J AU HUANG, JW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HUANG, JW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON CALCIUM-UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION IN WHEAT FORAGES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT APEX; PHYSIOLOGY; MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; TOXICITY; SEEDLINGS; TOLERANCE; NUTRIENT; TETANY; PLANTS AB The effects of Al on Ca transport could influence Ca accumulation in plants. Low forage C2 concentrations may cause hypocalcemia, a Ca deficiency syndrome of ruminants. Solution culture experiments were conducted in a growth chamber to examine the effects of Al (5-50 muM) on uptake and translocation of Ca (Ca-45) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66). Three-day-old seedlings, grown either in a CaCl2 solution (0.1 or 1.0 mM) or in a complete-nutrient solution, were used. For plants grown in CaCl2 solution, addition of 5 muM Al significantly decreased Ca uptake and translocation in Scout 66, but not in Atlas 66. Higher levels of Al (20 and 50 muM) decreased Ca uptake and translocation much more in Scout 66 than in Atlas 66. For plants grown in complete-nutrient solution, Al (5-50 muM) exposure for up to 6 h had little effect on Ca uptake and translocation in either cultivar. This may be due to the reduction in Al3+ activities in the external solution, as well as lowered Al3+ activities near the root-cell plasmalemma. When roots were exposed to Al for 24 h, Ca uptake and translocation were decreased significantly in Scout 66, but were little affected in Atlas 66. The percentage of Ca translocated to the shoots was significantly decreased by Al in Scout 66, but not in Atlas 66. These results suggest that Al inhibits both Ca uptake and translocation in Scout 66, but inhibits primarily root Ca uptake in Atlas 66 (and only at higher Al levels). It appears that the use of Al-tolerant cultivars of wheat forages on acid soils could be important for maintaining proper Ca nutrition of grazing animals. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,SCAS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 867 EP 873 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200015 ER PT J AU WINTER, SR MUSICK, JT AF WINTER, SR MUSICK, JT TI WHEAT PLANTING DATE EFFECTS ON SOIL-WATER EXTRACTION AND GRAIN-YIELD SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Due to a wide range of irrigated and dryland production systems and highly variable weather, planting date of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the Southern High Plains varies from August to November. A 2-yr field study was conducted at Bushland, TX, to evaluate planting date effects on soil water extraction and grain yield. 'TAM 107' wheat was planted in late August to simulate a grazed production system, early October to represent an optimum date for grain production, and early November on preirrigated Pullman clay loam soil (fine mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) and grown to maturity without further irrigation. Gravimetric soil water content to 3.6 m depth was determined at the beginning and end of winter dormancy and at anthesis. Water extraction prior to winter dormancy occurred to a depth of 1.8, 0.9, and 0.15 m for the early, normal, and late planting dates, respectively. Depth of water extraction at anthesis was 2.4, 2.4, and 1.2 m for the three dates. The fraction of total preanthesis soil water extraction that occurred during a critical 60-d period immediately prior to anthesis was 0.22, 0.59, and 0.91 for the early to late planting dates, respectively. Planting in August greatly increased depth and amount of soil water extraction prior to winter dormancy; however, water deficits in the spring contributed to low head density and grain yield. Wheat planted in early October extracted as much soil water as the August planting by anthesis and produced high grain yield. Wheat planted in early November rooted only one-half as deep, extracted two-thirds as much water, and yielded two-thirds as much grain as the October planting date. In conclusion, planting in August as compared with October did not increase soil water extraction at anthesis and grain yield was reduced because the period of major soil water extraction was shifted from spring to fall. Planting in November reduced grain yield because of insufficient rooting to fully extract soil water from below 1.2 m. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP WINTER, SR (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 912 EP 916 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200022 ER PT J AU FORCELLA, F AF FORCELLA, F TI SEEDLING EMERGENCE MODEL FOR VELVETLEAF SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; PLANTING DEPTH; POPULATIONS; TILLAGE; SEEDS; TIME AB Consistent postemergence weed control requires information on the timing of weed emergence- information is especially important for velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medikus), which interferes with many crops over a broad geographic range. The objective of this study was to develop a model that predicts the timing and proportional extent of velvetleaf seedling emergence. Environmental effects on seed germination and seedling emergence, used to construct the model, were determined in growth chambers or from published sources. Two variables drive the model: average daily soil temperature of the seed zone (5-cm soil depth) and daily rainfall. The model requires initialization by four seed zone parameters: (i) soil water content at the start of the simulation period, (ii) soil water holding capacity, (iii) soil bulk density, and (iv) a water retention curve relating percent soil water to soil water potential. The model was validated using field data collected in Illinois in 1967 and 1969 and in Minnesota in 1990. Regressions of predicted and observed seedling emergence resulted in r2 values of 0.91, 0.97, and 0.98 for 1967, 1969, and 1990, respectively. Correspondence (regression coefficients) between predicted and observed seedling emergence was 0.83, 1.01, and 1.01 for 1967, 1969, and 1990, respectively. Both sets of statistics indicate the model predicts velvetleaf seedling emergence reliably. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP FORCELLA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 18 TC 71 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 929 EP 933 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200024 ER PT J AU ANKENY, MD PRIEKSAT, MA KASPAR, TC NOH, KM AF ANKENY, MD PRIEKSAT, MA KASPAR, TC NOH, KM TI FLOWDATA - SOFTWARE FOR ANALYSIS OF INFILTRATION DATA FROM AUTOMATED INFILTROMETERS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SORPTIVITY; FIELD; DESIGN AB Soil hydraulic properties are quite variable, and characterization of field sites usually requires many measurements. One way to collect the data needed for field site characterization is to use multiple infiltrometers with automated data collection capabilities. Automated infiltrometers use pressure transducers connected to a datalogger to measure cumulative infiltration over time. The FLOWDATA software was developed to reformat, graphically display, and analyze the large well-structured data sets collected with automated infiltrometers. Program features include interactive editing, graphing, statistical summaries for each infiltration data set, and pooling of estimates from multiple data sets. Inputs required are identification codes, times, transducer voltage readings, and transducer calibration riles. Outputs are infiltration rates, and saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities. Program performance is demonstrated with data from a typical field data file. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. DANIEL B STEPHENS & ASSOC INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87109. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. KEOUKUK UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,CHUNGJU,SOUTH KOREA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 955 EP 959 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LQ792 UT WOS:A1993LQ79200028 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, RM SUTER, PM AF RUSSELL, RM SUTER, PM TI VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE - AN UPDATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE AGE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; NUTRITION; VITAMINS; REQUIREMENTS; RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES; DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE SECRETION; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SERUM COBALAMIN LEVELS; DIETARY INTAKES RDI; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; D SUPPLEMENTATION; RETINYL ESTERS; ASCORBIC-ACID; D DEFICIENCY AB This article is an update of our 1987 literature review of vitamin requirements of elderly people (Am J Clin Nutr 1987,45:501-12). Poor dietary intake is the cause of much vitamin malnutrition in elderly people. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that aging affects the requirement for certain vitamins. The 1989 recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) appear to be too low for elderly people for vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12. and too high for vitamin A. For several vitamins there is enough information to establish an RDA for the category greater-than-or-equal-to 70 y. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 162 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 4 EP 14 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LK535 UT WOS:A1993LK53500002 PM 8317387 ER PT J AU BOISVERT, WA CASTANEDA, C MENDOZA, I LANGELOH, G SOLOMONS, NW GERSHOFF, SN RUSSELL, RM AF BOISVERT, WA CASTANEDA, C MENDOZA, I LANGELOH, G SOLOMONS, NW GERSHOFF, SN RUSSELL, RM TI PREVALENCE OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY AMONG GUATEMALAN ELDERLY PEOPLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MILK INTAKE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY; ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; MILK INTAKE; RIBOFLAVIN SUPPLEMENTATION; GUATEMALAN ELDERLY PEOPLE ID VITAMIN STATUS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATION AB Six groups of elderly subjects from central Guatemala were assessed for riboflavin status by using the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC). The prevalence of riboflavin deficiency ranged from 50% to 76% among the free-living rural elderly subjects. Milk intake data that were collected from some of the subjects showed a significant correlation (P < 0.0001) between frequency of milk intake and riboflavin status. In a short-term riboflavin supplementation experiment in which nine riboflavin-deficient subjects were given 10 mg riboflavin/d for 3 d, all the subjects' EGRACs were normalized by the supplementation. However, they returned to a state of deficiency within 2 wk while consuming their usual diets without supplementation. It appears that the high prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in elderly Guatemalan people is caused by inadequate intake of riboflavin-rich foods such as dairy products, and that sufficient amounts of riboflavin need to be ingested regularly to maintain satisfactory riboflavin status. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. HOSP OJOS & OIDOS,CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LK535 UT WOS:A1993LK53500014 PM 8317395 ER PT J AU NAIR, PP JUDD, JT BERLIN, E TAYLOR, PR SHAMI, S SAINZ, E BHAGAVAN, HN AF NAIR, PP JUDD, JT BERLIN, E TAYLOR, PR SHAMI, S SAINZ, E BHAGAVAN, HN TI DIETARY FISH-OIL INDUCED CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, RETINOL, AND BETA-CAROTENE IN PLASMA, RED-BLOOD-CELLS, AND PLATELETS - MODULATION BY VITAMIN-E SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; FISH OIL; RED BLOOD CELLS; PLATELETS; VITAMIN-A; VITAMIN-E; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ID FATTY-ACIDS; SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLISM; MEN AB Healthy men (ages 24-57 y) were fed a controlled basal diet supplemented with 15 g/d of placebo oil (PO) for 10 wk followed by 15 g/d of fish-oil concentrate (FO) (fortified with 15 mg all-rac-tocopherol) for 10 wk without additional alpha-tocopherol and the last 8 wk with 200 mg alpha-tocopherol/d (FO + E). Compared with PO, FO raised plasma malondialdehyde, lowered alpha-tocopherol in plasma, red blood cells, and platelets; and raised plasma and platelet beta-carotene. Supplementation with additional alpha-tocopherol (FO + E) not only restored tocopherol concentrations but also reversed the rise in beta-carotene. The response in retinol, particularly in platelets, showed an inverse relationship to beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol exhibiting a modulating effect on these changes. From these observations it is postulated that platelets may be a significant extraintestinal site of retinol formation from beta-carotene. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR HUMAN NUTR,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,DEPT CLIN NUTR,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP NAIR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIPID RES LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [YO-1-CN-40620] NR 28 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LK535 UT WOS:A1993LK53500016 PM 8317397 ER PT J AU MUST, A WILLETT, WC DIETZ, WH AF MUST, A WILLETT, WC DIETZ, WH TI REMOTE RECALL OF CHILDHOOD HEIGHT, WEIGHT, AND BODY BUILD BY ELDERLY SUBJECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENCE; AGED; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; RECALL; WEIGHT PERCEPTION ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM-LIPIDS; FOLLOW-UP; ACCURACY; AGE; LIPOPROTEINS; ADOLESCENCE; ADULTHOOD; VARIABLES; MORTALITY AB The long-term recall of height, weight, and body build was examined as part of a 1988 follow-up of the Boston-based Third Harvard Growth Study (1922-1935). By design, approximately 50 percent of subjects had body mass indices during adolescence of greater than the 75th percentile, and approximately 50 percent of subjects had body mass indices between the 25th and 50th percentiles. Interviewed subjects, aged 71-76 years (n = 181) were asked to recall their high school height and weight and to select outline drawings that best reflected their body size at ages 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Reports at ages 71-76 years were compared with measurements obtained during childhood and adolescence. High school weight was overestimated by men who were lean as adolescents (mean recalled minus measured difference = 2.5 kg, 95 percent confidence interval 0.78-4.3) and underestimated by women who were obese as adolescents (mean difference = -2.3 kg, 95 percent confidence interval -4.8 to 0.21). Pearson crude correlations between recalled body build and body mass index measured at approximately the same ages were between 0.53 and 0.75 for all ages studied except for a correlation of 0.36 among males at age 5 years. Adjustment for current body mass index only slightly reduced the correlations between adolescent body mass index and recalled build. Adolescent obesity classifications based on indicators derived from recalled weight and build had moderate sensitivities (37-57 percent) and high specificities (98-100 percent). These results indicate that the remote recall of height, weight, and body size can contribute useful information independent of current weight status. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MUST, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 18 TC 174 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LQ119 UT WOS:A1993LQ11900006 PM 8333427 ER PT J AU FIELDING, RA MANFREDI, TJ DING, WJ FIATARONE, MA EVANS, WJ CANNON, JG AF FIELDING, RA MANFREDI, TJ DING, WJ FIATARONE, MA EVANS, WJ CANNON, JG TI ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE IN EXERCISE .3. NEUTROPHIL AND IL-1-BETA ACCUMULATION IN SKELETAL-MUSCLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; Z-BAND DAMAGE; NEUTROPHIL; MICROSCOPY ID ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; PROTEIN BREAKDOWN; ENZYME-RELEASE; OLDER MEN; VITAMIN-E; DAMAGE; INJURY; INTERLEUKIN-1; ENDOTOXIN; PLASMA AB Nine untrained men (22-29 yr) performed 45 min of downhill running (16% incline, 70% of maximum heart rate). Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed before, 45 min after, and 5 days after exercise. Immunohistochemical staining of muscle cross sections revealed a 135% increase in muscle interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) immediately after and a 250% increase (P < 0.03) 5 days after exercise. Using a rating scale (0-3) for the presence of neutrophils, light microscopic examination showed a significant accumulation of neutrophils in muscle biopsies taken 45 min after and 5 days after exercise [before: 0.5 +/- 0.2, 45 min after: 1.5 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.01), and 5 days after: 1.2 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.04)]. In addition, electron microscopic analysis showed an increase in the percentage of damaged Z-bands relative to total Z-bands [before: 4.8 +/- 3.5%, 45 min after: 32.5 +/- 8.6% (P < 0.05), and 5 days after: 14.1 +/- 3.2%]. Neutrophil accumulation was positively correlated to intracellular Z-band damage (rho = 0.66, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining for IL-1beta was related to neutrophil accumulation in muscle (rho = 0.38, P < 0.06) and to plasma creatine kinase levels (rho = 0.416, P < 0.04). These data indicate that after eccentric exercise ultrastructural damage to skeletal muscle is associated with neutrophil infiltration and muscle IL-1beta accumulation. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PHYS EDUC,APPL PHYSIOL LAB,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP FIELDING, RA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR39595] NR 26 TC 174 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 265 IS 1 BP R166 EP R172 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA LP432 UT WOS:A1993LP43200083 PM 8342683 ER PT J AU RUSH, D AF RUSH, D TI EVALUATING THE NUTRITION SCREENING INITIATIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP RUSH, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 1 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 944 EP 945 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.7.944 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LN036 UT WOS:A1993LN03600003 PM 8328612 ER PT J AU LEINO, L PAAPE, MJ AF LEINO, L PAAPE, MJ TI COMPARISON OF THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE RESPONSES OF BOVINE NEUTROPHILS TO DIFFERENTLY OPSONIZED ZYMOSAN PARTICLES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR; RESPIRATORY BURST; NADPH OXIDASE; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; PHAGOCYTOSIS; EXPRESSION; TYPE-3; IDENTIFICATION; ERYTHROCYTES; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Stimulatory effects of 6 zymosan preparations on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) responses of isolated bovine neutrophils were compared. Unopsonized zymosan particles and zymosan particles opsonized with bovine IgG1, IgG2, fresh serum, or serum from which zymosan-specific antibodies, but not complement, had been removed (C3-serum) induced strong CL responses, with nearly equal maximal peaks in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+, whereas the response to fetal bovine serum-opsonized zymosan particles was markedly low. Removal of extracellular divalent cations almost completely blocked the CL reaction triggered by unopsonized, IgG1-opsonized, C3-opsonized, and fetal bovine serum-opsonized zymosan particles. By contrast, no change in the respiratory burst activity induced by serum-opsonized zymosan and only partial reduction in the response to IgG2-opsonized zymosan were seen under these conditions. Further experiments were performed with 4 zymosan preparations on neutrophils isolated from 2 calves with a genetic deficiency of CD11/CD18 membrane antigens. The unopsonized zymosan-induced CL reaction was absent in these cells. A reduced, but clear, response was observed with C3-opsonized zymosan. Unexpectedly, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+, serum-opsonized zymosan failed to generate the respiratory burst, whereas response to IgG2-opsonized zymosan was normal in the CD11/CD18-deficient neutrophils. These findings indicate that unopsonized zymosan may act in a divalent cation-dependent manner at the receptor for C3bi in bovine neutrophils, as it has been shown to do in the human system. In addition, it seems that IgG2-Fc receptors capable of signaling the respiratory burst in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ exist on bovine neutrophils. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEINO, L (reprint author), UNIV TURKU,CENT HOSP,DEPT HEMATOL,SF-20520 TURKU 52,FINLAND. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1055 EP 1059 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LK407 UT WOS:A1993LK40700008 PM 8103653 ER PT J AU BERNING, LM PAAPE, MJ PETERS, RR AF BERNING, LM PAAPE, MJ PETERS, RR TI FUNCTIONAL VARIATION IN ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN BINDING TO BOVINE NEUTROPHILS RELATIVE TO PARTURITION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; PHAGOCYTIC-ACTIVITY; MILK; MIGRATION; INVITRO; PERIOD; BLOOD; IGG2 AB Ten healthy first- and second-lactation Holstein cows were observed from 1 week before to 1 week after calving and at postpartum day 30 to determine polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functional variation and immunoglobulin binding profiles. Blood and mammary PMN were obtained 3 times weekly and within 24 hours of calving. Functional traits measured included phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and in vitro chemotaxis through micropore filters in a Boyden chamber. Additionally, PMN were evaluated for endogenous binding of IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM before and after in vitro chemotaxis. Exogenous binding of the same isotypes was determined after incubation in pooled colostrum, purified immunoglobulin, and pooled sera. Phagocytosis results indicated a significant and transient increase in percentage of milk PMN with associated, rather than phagocytosed, bacteria for 1 week after calving. Blood PMN phagocytosis was not significantly different during this period. Though total chemotaxis was essentially unchanged, the percentage of PMN that were unable to complete migration increased substantially on the day of calving, an effect that disappeared by postpartum day 4. A significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation (r = 0.29) between percentage of PMN migrating completely through the micropore filter and percentage of blood PMN with associated bacteria was observed. Changes were not observed in endogenous immunoglobulin binding, with the exception of a peak in relative fluorescence intensity for IgG, on the day of calving; this disappeared within 2 days after calving. Correlations between relative intensities of IgG2 and IgM, and percentage of mammary neutrophils phagocytosing were 0.37 and 0.70. Exogenous binding of antibody to blood neutrophils before chemotaxis was generally accomplished most effectively by pooled colostrum, whereas use of pooled sera markedly reduced binding and percentage and intensity of IgM in all cases. Binding of all isotypes was slightly higher before than after calving. Incubation of blood neutrophils in isotypes G1, G2, A, and M after chemotaxis yielded lower immunoglobulin binding among all isotypes, particularly IgM. Fluctuations in neutrophil function were observed immediately around parturition, and these changes correlated strongly with endogenous immunoglobulin-binding profiles. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20740. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1145 EP 1153 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LK407 UT WOS:A1993LK40700025 PM 8368613 ER PT J AU CHU, RM WANG, SR WENG, CN PURSEL, VG AF CHU, RM WANG, SR WENG, CN PURSEL, VG TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE MILK LACTOFERRIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IRON-ABSORPTION; BRUSH-BORDER; PROTEIN-A; TRANSFERRIN; BOVINE; WHEY; LACTOTRANSFERRIN AB We purified porcine whey lactoferrin by affinity chromatography on a heparin-Sepharose column, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Molecular mass of purified lactoferrin (PLF) is 78,000 daltons. The iron-binding activity of PLF had a UV/visible-light absorption spectrum indistinguishable from that of human and bovine lactoferrins (absorbance ratio [465 nm/280 nm] approx 0.046). The growth ratio of WIL-2 cells in PLF-supplemented medium is 70% of that in serum-containing medium. The aforementioned characteristics are similar to those of human and bovine lactoferrins. Immunoblot analysis, using polyclonal antibody raised in rabbits against porcine whey lactoferrin, revealed high specificity for PLF, and low cross-reactivity with commercial human and bovine lactoferrins. C1 PIG RES INST,DEPT PATHOL,MIOLI,TAIWAN. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1154 EP 1159 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LK407 UT WOS:A1993LK40700026 PM 8368614 ER PT J AU FOX, L BIEVER, KD TOBA, HH DUFFUS, JE THOMAS, PE AF FOX, L BIEVER, KD TOBA, HH DUFFUS, JE THOMAS, PE TI OVERWINTERING AND MONITORING OF POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS IN SOME WILD CRUCIFERS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MYZUS-PERSICAE; GREEN PEACH APHID; ELISA; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; SISYMBRIUM-ALTISSIMUM; CAPSELLA-BURSA-PASTORIS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; POTATO VIRUS; APHID VECTOR; WEED HOST ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ELISA AB A potato leafroll virus (PLRV) isolate has been successfully transmitted to and recovered from two wild crucifers, Sisymbrium altissimum L. (Jim Hill or tumble mustard) and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. (shepherd's purse) by the green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Virus antigen in both plant species was found to be higher in root tissue than in foliar tissue, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determinations. C. bursa-pastoris was apparently a relatively poorer source of inoculum for the GPA than S. altissimum. Using two geographically-separated biotypes of C. bursa-pastoris, a Washington biotype was found to contain higher antigen titer in both leaf and root tissue than a California biotype, as determined by ELISA. Field studies demonstrated that both weed species can serve as overwintering sources of PLRV. C1 USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP FOX, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 70 IS 7 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.1007/BF02846751 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP816 UT WOS:A1993LP81600001 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF AF VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS INHIBIT POTATO-TUBER SPROUTING SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AROMATICS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SPROUT INHIBITION ID GROWTH AB Several naturally-occurring aromatic aldehydes and an aromatic alcohol inhibited potato tuber sprouting when applied as volatiles or directly as emulsions. Exposure to volatiles was for 1 or 10 days prior to placement into fresh air. Salicylaldehyde inhibited sprouting of tubers exposed for 1 or more days; benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde and thymol suppressed sprouting of tubers exposed for 10 days. Direct application of cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde as 1% and 10% emulsions completely inhibited sprouting 14 days after treatment without apparent tuber damage. These compounds applied without dilution inhibited sprouting but damaged tubers. RP VAUGHN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 70 IS 7 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1007/BF02846753 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP816 UT WOS:A1993LP81600003 ER PT J AU BALL, DM PEDERSEN, JF LACEFIELD, GD AF BALL, DM PEDERSEN, JF LACEFIELD, GD TI THE TALL-FESCUE ENDOPHYTE SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; ACREMONIUM; GRASSES C1 USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP BALL, DM (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 16 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 19 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 81 IS 4 BP 370 EP 379 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LP028 UT WOS:A1993LP02800017 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL AF TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL TI ISOTOPE RATIOS OF MOLYBDENUM DETERMINED BY THERMAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY FOR STABLE-ISOTOPE STUDIES OF MOLYBDENUM METABOLISM IN HUMANS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DILUTION AB Methods were developed to separate and purify Mo from biological samples and to measure isotopic ratios in 1 mug of Mo. A magnetic sector, thermal ionization mass spectrometer was used with simultaneous collection of five isotopes. Isotopic ratios were corrected for mass fractionation by iterative normalization using the 96/98 ratio. Ion beam intensity was enhanced by using a double-filament configuration, loading samples onto evaporation filaments with silica gel and boric acid. A triple-isotope-dilution approach was used, so the method could be applied to two-tracer studies of Mo metabolism in human subjects. Mo-94 was added to samples prior to purification to quantify the total Mo content of samples and to determine the amounts of enriched Mo-97 and Mo-100 appearing in urine and fecal samples of study participants. The three ratios, 94/98, 97/98, and 100/98, were determined with within-run precision of from 0.06 to 0.10% (RSD). Precision of the ratios between replicates was from 0.05 to 0.08%. RP TURNLUND, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 13 BP 1717 EP 1722 DI 10.1021/ac00061a014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LJ380 UT WOS:A1993LJ38000016 PM 8396367 ER PT J AU ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND CALF BIRTH-WEIGHT IN BEEF-CATTLE SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERIPARTURIENT ENDOCRINE CHANGES; HEAT-STRESS; PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT; MATERNAL UNITS; MILK-YIELD; CONCEPTUS; PREGNANCY; SHEEP; COWS; FETAL AB Relationships between circulating concentrations of estrone sulfate and progesterone in the dam prepartum and weight of the calf and placenta at birth were evaluated at first parity in Hereford x Angus heifers (n=27) bred to a purebred Angus bull. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein of all heifers at 14 day intervals throughout the last trimester of gestation, and a complete placenta was obtained from 22 heifers at parturition. Estrone sulfate was measured as free estrone after incubation with sulfatase enzyme, arid both estrone and progesterone levels were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Maternal plasma estrone sulfate concentrations increased (P < 0.01) quadratically from Day 100 to Day 10 prepartum (Day 100, 6.4 ng ml-1; Day 10, 19.0 ng ml-1), and were correlated negatively (r = - 0. 84, P < 0.01) with changes in plasma progesterone for the same period (Day 100, 11.4 ng ml-1; Day 10, 6.2 ng ml-1). Birth weight was greater for male than female calves (38.3 vs. 32.9 kg, P < 0.01), but maternal plasma estrone sulfate and progesterone concentrations and placental weights were not affected (P > 0.1) by the sex of the fetus. Calf birth weight was correlated positively with maternal plasma estrone sulfate concentrations between Days 10 and 1 prepartum (r = 0.65, P < 0.01) and with the dry weight of the cotyledons (r = 0.76, P < 0.01, intercotyledonary membranes (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) and total placenta (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). Three neonatal calf deaths occurred; dams for two of the calves had a 50% reduction in plasma estrone sulfate concentrations for the last 20 days of gestation and a reduction in cotyledonary surface area. Collectively, these results suggest that variation among dams (i.e. either of inherent or pathological origin) for total mass and (or) function of the placentomes within the placenta may influence birth weight, and possibly neonatal viability, of calves born to first parity beef heifers. Furthermore, estrone sulfate concentrations in the maternal circulation provide an index of fetal-placental-maternal well-being and placental insufficiency in cattle. RP ECHTERNKAMP, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/0378-4320(93)90053-T PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA LP295 UT WOS:A1993LP29500001 ER PT J AU MANGUIN, S WHITE, R BLOSSEY, B HIGHT, SD AF MANGUIN, S WHITE, R BLOSSEY, B HIGHT, SD TI GENETICS, TAXONOMY, AND ECOLOGY OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF GALERUCELLA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE GALERUCELLA; SYSTEMATICS; ISOZYMES ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE AB Two European chrysomelids, Galerucella calmariensis (L.) an G. pusilla (Duftschmidt), show promise as biological control agents against the weed Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife). G. calmariensis and G. pusilla are sympatric, share the same ecological niche on L. salicaria, and are separated by several morphological characters. These two Galerucella species were genetically compared with another sympatric species, G. grisescens (Joannis), found on Lysimachia vulgaris L. (garden loosestrife) in Europe, and to G. nymphaeae (L.), which occurs on water lilies and other wetland plants such as L. salicaria in Europe and the United States. Two additional species of Galerucella occur in North America: G. stefanssoni Brown, feeding on Rubus chamaemorus L. (cloudberry), and G. quebecensis Brown, feeding on Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. (marsh-flower). Introduction and establishment of G. calmariensis and G. pusilla to combat L. salicaria would increase to five the number of Galerucella species in North America. The five species are keyed, described, and the adult and male genitalia are figured. An isozyme comparison of 33 loci among three species of Galerucella from Germany verified that G. calmariensis, G. pusilla, and G. grisescens are distinct species. G. calmariensis has a genetic marker represented by LDH-1. The clustering analysis based on genetic identities and some behavioral characters suggests that G. grisescens is more closely related to G. nymphadeae than to G. calmariensis or G. pusilla. The three United States samples of G. nymphaeae collected from two different host plants showed moderate differentiation. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 0.100 to 0.214 (mean = 0.157) across all six measured populations of G. calmariensis, G. pusilla, G. grisescens, and G. nymphaeae. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. INT INST BIOL CONTROL,CAB,EUROPEAN STN,CH-2800 DELEMONT,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MANGUIN, S (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED BIOMETR,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. RI Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 397 EP 410 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC232 UT WOS:A1993MC23200001 ER PT J AU PETANOVIC, R STADELBACHER, EA BOCZEK, J AF PETANOVIC, R STADELBACHER, EA BOCZEK, J TI ERIOPHYID MITES (ACARI, ERIOPHYIDAE) ON GERANIUM SPP (GERANIACEAE) - REDESCRIPTIONS OF 3 KNOWN SPECIES AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ERIOPHYIDAE; GERANIACEAE; TAXONOMY ID LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; NOCTUIDAE; DELTA; HOST AB Four species of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) living on Geranium spp. (Geraniaceae) are discussed in this article. Three species: Aceria geranii (Canestrini), A. dolichosoma (Canestrini), and Epitrimerus geranii (Liro) are redescribed, and a new species, Aceria dissecti, is described and illustrated. A key to known Aceria species occurring on Geranium spp. is given. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. AGR UNIV WARSAW,DEPT APPL ENTOMOL,PL-02528 WARSAW,POLAND. RP PETANOVIC, R (reprint author), UNIV BELGRADE,DEPT ENTOMOL,BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC232 UT WOS:A1993MC23200002 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ AF DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ TI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE GLANDS OF CARPOPHILUS-FREEMANI (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) AND GLAND DISTRIBUTION AMONG OTHER SAP BEETLES SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE SAP BEETLES; PHEROMONES; PHEROMONE GLANDS ID DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE AB The apparent site of aggregation pheromone production in the sap beetle Carpophilus freemani Dobson is described. Small (almost-equal-to 100 mum diameter) disks associated with the tracheal system in the abdomen contain the pheromone in this insect. These structures appeared to be single cells with large nuclei. Similar structures were found in Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. lugubris Murray, C. antiquus Melsheimer, C.-(Urophorus) humeralis (F.), Stelidota geminata Say, Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson), and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), suggesting that these structures are a common source of pheromones in sap beetles. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 464 EP 469 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC232 UT WOS:A1993MC23200008 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, MA AF RASMUSSEN, MA TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM STRAINS CAPABLE OF 2-DEOXYRIBOSE UTILIZATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMEN BACTERIA; NUCLEIC-ACIDS AB Microbes from ruminal contents of cattle were selectively enriched by using 2-deoxyribose (2DR) as a substrate for growth. Bacterial isolates growing on 2DR were gram-negative, curved, motile rods. The isolates grew on a broad range of substrates, including deoxyribose, glucose, ribose, mannitol, and lactate as well as ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides. The strains also grew on rhamnose (6-deoxymannose) but not DNA. Organic acids produced from growth on hexoses and pentoses included acetate, propionate, lactate, and succinate. The isolates were identified as Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica on the basis of morphology, substrate specificity, and other biochemical characteristics. Several characterized species of ruminal bacteria were also screened for growth on 2DR, with only one strain (S. ruminantium PC-18) found able to grow on 2DR. Ethanol was produced by 2DR when strains were grown on ribose or 2DR. RP RASMUSSEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2077 EP 2081 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LL310 UT WOS:A1993LL31000012 PM 8357244 ER PT J AU STOCKWELL, VO MOORE, LW LOPER, JE AF STOCKWELL, VO MOORE, LW LOPER, JE TI FATE OF AGROBACTERIUM-RADIOBACTER K84 IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROWN-GALL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; AGROCIN-84 PRODUCTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FIELD ENVIRONMENTS; PEA TAPROOTS; TI-PLASMIDS; HOST RANGE; TUMEFACIENS AB Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 is an effective, commercially applied, biological control agent for the plant disease crown gall, yet little is known about the survival and dissemination of K84. To trace K84 in the environment, spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants were used. Growth rates and phenotypes of streptomycin- or rifampin-resistant K84 were similar to those of the parental K84, except the rifampin-resistant mutant produced less agrocin 84 as determined by bioassay. K84 and a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens established populations averaging 10(5) CFU/g in the rhizosphere of cherry and persisted on roots for 2 years. K84 established rhizosphere populations between 10(4) and 10(6) CFU/g on cherry, ryegrass, and 11 other herbaceous plants. Populations of K84 declined substantially in fallow soil or water over a 16-week period. K84 was detected in the rhizosphere of ryegrass located up to 40 cm from an inoculum source, indicating lateral dissemination of K84 in soil. In gall tissue on cherry, K84 established populations of 10(5) CFU/g, about 10- to 100-fold less than that of the pathogen. These data demonstrate that K84 persists for up to 2 years in a field environment as a rhizosphere inhabitant or in association with crown gall tissue. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP STOCKWELL, VO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2112 EP 2120 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LL310 UT WOS:A1993LL31000018 PM 8357247 ER PT J AU ZERINGUE, HJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE AF ZERINGUE, HJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE TI C15H24 VOLATILE COMPOUNDS UNIQUE TO AFLATOXIGENIC STRAINS OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; MASS-SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; COTTONSEED; MIXTURES; ARIZONA AB Headspace volatiles from eight strains of Aspergillus flavus (four aflatoxigenic strains and four nonaflatoxigenic strains), grown for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 10 days in submerged cultures, were collected in Tenax GC traps. The traps were desorbed onto a 50-m gas-liquid chromatography capillary column by heat and gas purge from an external direct injector device. The column was interfaced with a mass spectrometer data acquisition system. Peaks were identified by comparing retention times and mass spectra with those obtained from authentic compounds and by using a computer-assisted mass spectral data base. Aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus produced several C15H24 compounds (e.g., alpha-gurjunene, trans-caryophyllene, and cadinene) which peaked in 3-day cultures and were not present in earlier (1- and 2-day) or later (8- and 10-day) cultures. None of these volatiles were detected in nonaflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus. There was an apparent correlation between the release of C15H24 volatile compounds and the initiation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, and a correlation between decline of aflatoxin synthesis and the disappearance of the C15H24 compounds unique to aflatoxigenic A. flavus also existed. RP ZERINGUE, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2264 EP 2270 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LL310 UT WOS:A1993LL31000041 PM 16348999 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR CUTTER, CN AF SIRAGUSA, GR CUTTER, CN TI BROCHOCIN-C, A NEW BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY BROCHOTHRIX-CAMPESTRIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; THERMOSPHACTA; MEAT AB Brochothrix campestris ATCC 43754 produces a bacteriocin inhibitory towards Brochothrix thermosphacta, lactobacilli, Listeria spp., and other gram-positive bacteria. This antimicrobial agent is heat stable, sensitive to proteases, catalase insensitive, and free of organic acids. No phage particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Muramidase activity was not detected in the preparations. On the basis of established criteria, the antimicrobial agent was classified as a bacteriocin and named brochocin-C. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2326 EP 2328 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LL310 UT WOS:A1993LL31000052 PM 8357264 ER PT J AU MOLYNEUX, RJ PAN, YT GOLDMANN, A TEPFER, DA ELBEIN, AD AF MOLYNEUX, RJ PAN, YT GOLDMANN, A TEPFER, DA ELBEIN, AD TI CALYSTEGINS, A NOVEL CLASS OF ALKALOID GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; SWAINSONA-CANESCENS; SYNCYTIUM FORMATION; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; CATABOLISM; IMMUNOMODULATOR; MANNOSIDASE; PLASMID; SEPIUM C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. INRA,BIOL RHIZOSPHERE LAB,F-78026 VERSAILLES,FRANCE. RP MOLYNEUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL17783] NR 39 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 304 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1324 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LL838 UT WOS:A1993LL83800011 PM 8323301 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ GREENE, FE AF MILLERIHLI, NJ GREENE, FE TI DIRECT DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN SUGARS USING GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB A simple method for the direct determination of lead in sugars and sugar syrups by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is described. Sample preparation is avoided, saving time and decreasing the likelihood of sample contamination. Sucrose solutions are prepared, using equal masses of crystalline sucrose and 5% sub-boiling distilled nitric acid, and analyzed directly. High fructose COM syrups are also diluted with an equal mass of 5% sub-boiling distilled nitric acid to facilitate pipetting. Magnesium nitrate is used as a matrix modifier, air ashing and platform atomization are employed, and quantitation is accomplished using peak area measurements with direct calibration against aqueous standards. Calibration is accomplished using four standards to cover the range from 10-100 mug/L. In some instances, samples had to be diluted to fall within the calibration range. The instrumental detection limit (based on 3.29 sigma) was 10 pg, or 0.5 mug/L for a 20-muL injection. This corresponds to a method detection limit of approximately 0.9 ng/g for sucrose and high fructose com syrup. The characteristic mass was approximately 12 pg. This method was validated by analyzing sucrose and fructose samples spiked with known quantities of lead and comparing data to those obtained using conventional wet ash digestion procedures. The average accuracy was 100% +/- 5%. RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOST LAB,BLDG 161 BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI NORWALK PA 761 MAIN AVE, NORWALK, CT 06859-0105 SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA LW598 UT WOS:A1993LW59800001 ER PT J AU JARECKIBLACK, JC KING, DJ AF JARECKIBLACK, JC KING, DJ TI AN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE THAT DISTINGUISHES ISOLATES OF LOW VIRULENCE FROM THE MORE PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION SITE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN SEQUENCES AB A synthesized oligonucleotide, termed cleavage probe (NDV-CL), has been designed to complement the cleavage-activation site of the fusion gene of the Texas GB isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This oligonucleotide probe, 21 bases in length, bound with RNA from velogenic strains of NDV tested in a slot-blot hybridization assay. The probe also recognized RNA from the mesogenic strains used in this assay, although no signal was observed with RNA isolated from lentogenic NDVs or with that from other common avian viruses used as controls. This probe did not recognize RNA from isolates of other paramyxovirus serotypes (PMV-2 or PMV-3) included in this study. The ability of this probe to distinguish lentogenic NDVs, which cause little or no clinical disease, from those strains that may produce severe morbidity and/or mortality suggests a potential use for the probe in a molecular diagnostic assay. C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3 BP 724 EP 730 DI 10.2307/1592021 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LY021 UT WOS:A1993LY02100013 PM 8257363 ER PT J AU LILLEHOJ, HS LINDBLAD, EB NICHOLS, M AF LILLEHOJ, HS LINDBLAD, EB NICHOLS, M TI ADJUVANTICITY OF DIMETHYL DIOCTADECYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE, COMPLETE FREUND ADJUVANT AND CORYNEBACTERIUM-PARVUM WITH RESPECT TO HOST IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO COCCIDIAL ANTIGENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; DIMETHYLDIOCTADECYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; FP CHICKENS; IMMUNIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; PROTECTION; PEPTIDES AB Immune response of chickens to Eimeria was investigated following immunization with coccidial antigens in combination with various immunological adjuvants. The adjuvanticity of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA) was comparable to that of two other adjuvants known to stimulate cell-mediated immunity: complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Corynebacterium parvum. However, DDA is considered less toxic than CFA and appeared to evoke longer-lasting immunity than C. parvum. In general, intramuscular immunization of chickens with merozoite antigens in DDA engendered higher protective immunity than did oral immunization. Immunization of chickens with merozoite antigens in CFA, DDA, or C. parvum engendered serum IgG and biliary secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody responses, as well as coccidial antigen-specific T-cell lymphoproliferation responses. This study presents evidence that DDA acts as an adjuvant for both coccidia antigen-specific antibody and T-cell immunity in the avian system. C1 STATE VET SERUM LAB,DEPT BACTERIAL VACCINE,DK-1870 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3 BP 731 EP 740 DI 10.2307/1592022 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LY021 UT WOS:A1993LY02100014 PM 8257364 ER PT J AU FREED, M CLARKE, JP BOWERSOCK, TL VANALSTINE, WG BALOG, JM HESTER, PY AF FREED, M CLARKE, JP BOWERSOCK, TL VANALSTINE, WG BALOG, JM HESTER, PY TI EFFECT OF SPECTINOMYCIN ON ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTION IN 1-DAY-OLD DUCKLINGS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Two-challenge trials and one confirmation trial were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of spectinomycin in the treatment of 1-day-old ducklings infected with Escherichia coli. In the challenge trials, ducklings were injected in the right posterior thoracic air sac with 0.2 cm3 of broth containing 10(8) colony-forming units E. coli (strain 078, E38)/ml. Spectinomycin at dosage levels of 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg, and 10.0 mg of activity was injected subcutaneously 6 hours following infection. The confirmation trial was conducted to confirm the challege trials; procedures were similar to those used in the challenge trials, except that only the 5.0 mg of activity dosage of spectinomycin was used. In both types of trials, spectinomycin-treated ducklings had significantly lower mortality and higher average weight gain, average daily gain, and feed consumption than infected unmedicated controls. These results indicate that spectinomycin is effective in treating ducks for experimentally induced colibacillosis caused by E. coli (strain 078, E38). C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,1026 POULTRY BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,ANIM DIS & DIAGNOST LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.2307/1592026 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LY021 UT WOS:A1993LY02100018 PM 8257368 ER PT J AU HAFNER, S BOUNOUS, D KELLEY, LC CAMPAGNOLI, R AF HAFNER, S BOUNOUS, D KELLEY, LC CAMPAGNOLI, R TI HEPATIC PROTOPORPHYRIN ACCUMULATION IN A BROILER CHICKEN SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA; DEPOSITS; LIVER AB Hepatocellular accumulation and biliary excretion of protoporphyrin in a 6-week-old chicken are described. The affected liver was grossly dark gray to black. Histologically, hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, and bile-duct lumina contained dark-brown granules. These protoporphyrin pigment accumulations were brightly birefringent under polarized light. The ultrastructural appearance of granules revealed hair-like crystals in a radial arrangement. Extracted levels of protoporphyrin in the affected liver were determined to be 630 mug per gram of wet (frozen) liver. Spectrofluorometric scans of liver extracts and sedimented crystals were characteristic of protoporphyrin. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HAFNER, S (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,EASTERN LAB,RUSSELL RES CTR,COLL STN RD,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3 BP 900 EP 904 DI 10.2307/1592051 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LY021 UT WOS:A1993LY02100043 PM 8257391 ER PT J AU TATE, CR MITCHELL, WC MILLER, RG AF TATE, CR MITCHELL, WC MILLER, RG TI STAPHYLOCOCCUS-HYICUS ASSOCIATED WITH TURKEY STIFLE JOINT OSTEOMYELITIS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID DYSCHONDROPLASIA AB Essentially pure cultures of Staphylococcus hyicus were isolated in moderate to high numbers from tibia growth-plate lesions from five of nine turkey hens showing clinical signs of stifle joint osteomyelitis. Of the four other tibia growth-plate specimens examined, Salmonella sp. and Enterococcus faecalis were individually isolated from one bird each, and no bacterial pathogens were isolated from the remaining two cases. Staphylococcus aureus, considered the most common cause of osteomyelitis in turkeys, was isolated from none of the nine birds examined in this flock. These findings suggest a strong association between S. hyicus and turkey stifle joint osteomyelitis. RP TATE, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,BLDG 322,ARC EAST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3 BP 905 EP 907 DI 10.2307/1592052 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LY021 UT WOS:A1993LY02100044 PM 8257392 ER PT J AU UCHIMIYA, H IWATA, M NOJIRI, C SAMARAJEEWA, PK TAKAMATSU, S OOBA, S ANZAI, H CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH TOKI, S AF UCHIMIYA, H IWATA, M NOJIRI, C SAMARAJEEWA, PK TAKAMATSU, S OOBA, S ANZAI, H CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH TOKI, S TI BIALAPHOS TREATMENT OF TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS EXPRESSING A BAR GENE PREVENTS INFECTION BY THE SHEATH BLIGHT PATHOGEN (RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI) SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Bialaphos resistant rice plants expressing a bar gene under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter which were inoculated with mycelia of the sheath blight disease pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, and subsequently treated with the herbicide were completely protected from symptomatic infection. Substantial suppression of sheath blight symptoms was also recorded when bialaphos was applied to transgenic plants which had been infected with R. solani two days before herbicide treatment. It may therefore be possible to design new agronomic strategies for the simultaneous control of weeds and fungal pathogens in fields of transgenic plants expressing a bar gene. C1 MEIJI SEIKA KAISHA LTD,PHARMACEUT RES CTR,YOKOHAMA 222,JAPAN. FUKUI AGR EXPT STN,FUKUI 910,JAPAN. GIFU UNIV,FAC AGR,GIFU 50111,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BOT,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. RP UCHIMIYA, H (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,INST MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOSCI,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NR 3 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 11 IS 7 BP 835 EP 836 DI 10.1038/nbt0793-835 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LL228 UT WOS:A1993LL22800026 ER PT J AU BEEMAN, RW STUART, JJ BROWN, SJ DENELL, RE AF BEEMAN, RW STUART, JJ BROWN, SJ DENELL, RE TI STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HOMEOTIC GENE-COMPLEX (HOM-C) IN THE BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Review ID DROSOPHILA; SEGMENTATION; EXPRESSION AB The powerful combination of genetic, developmental and molecular approaches possible with the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has led to a profound understanding of the genetic control of early developmental events. However, Drosophila is a highly specialized long germ insect, and the mechanisms controlling its early development may not be typical of insects or Arthropods in general. The beetle, Tribolium castaneum, offers a similar opportunity to integrate high resolution genetic analysis with the developmental/molecular approaches currently used in other organisms. Early results document significant differences between insect orders in the functions of genes responsible for establishing developmental commitments. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP BEEMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DCB-9002958] NR 23 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD JUL PY 1993 VL 15 IS 7 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1002/bies.950150702 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA LP449 UT WOS:A1993LP44900001 PM 11536538 ER PT J AU UTHUS, EO POELLOT, RA AF UTHUS, EO POELLOT, RA TI EFFECT OF NITROUS-OXIDE ON NICKEL DEPRIVATION IN RATS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NICKEL DEPRIVATION; NITROUS OXIDE; VITAMIN-B12; NICKEL ESSENTIALITY; INTERACTIONS ID COBALAMIN-FOLATE INTERRELATIONS; METHIONINE SYNTHETASE; METABOLISM AB Because nickel may have a biological function in a pathway in which vitamin B12 is important, an experiment was performed to determine the effects of nitrous oxide exposure in rats deprived of nickel. Exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) causes inactivation of cobalamin and a subsequent decrease in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Rats were assigned to dietary groups of 12 in a factorially arranged experiment with dietary variables of nickel (0 or 1 mug/g) and vitamin B12 (0 or 50 ng/g). After 6 wk, one-half of the rats from each dietary group were exposed to 50% N2O/50% O2 for 90 min/d for the last 28 d of the experiment. Vitamin B12, N2O, or their interaction had numerous effects; classical findings included N2O-induced reduction in plasma vitamin B12 and decreases in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes. Inactivation of vitamin B12 by N2O, however, did not exacerbate signs of nickel deprivation, possibly because the rats were able to metabolically compensate to N2O exposure. RP UTHUS, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1007/BF02783980 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LN258 UT WOS:A1993LN25800004 PM 7691130 ER PT J AU SMITH, CJ FRENEY, JR MOSIER, AR AF SMITH, CJ FRENEY, JR MOSIER, AR TI EFFECT OF ACETYLENE PROVIDED BY WAX-COATED CALCIUM CARBIDE ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF UREA NITROGEN APPLIED TO AN IRRIGATED WHEAT CROP SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN IMMOBILIZATION; MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR; ACETYLENE; CAC2; N-15 ENRICHMENT; UREA ID NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOIL; IMMOBILIZATION; MINERALIZATION; N-15; OXIDE; DINITROGEN; EMISSIONS AB The effect of acetylene (provided by wax-coated calcium carbide, CaC2) on N transformations in a red-brown earth was measured in a field experiment with irrigated wheat by determining the change in the concentration and N-15 enrichment of the organic N and mineral N pools with time. The study was conducted in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation region of south-eastern Australia using 0.3 m by 0.3 m microplots fertilized with N-15-labelled urea (10 g N m-2;5 atom% N-15). Acetylene was effective in slowing the nitrification of both unlabelled and labelled N. Nitrate derived from the added fertilizer reached a maximum 19 days after sowing in the treatment without CaC2, whereas little nitrate accumulated in the 8 g CaC2 m-2 treatment. There was significant immobilization of the urea N by 19 days after sowing in all treatments, but the extent of immobilization was not affected by the acetylene. The addition of acetylene slowed net mineralization of labelled and unlabelled N from the organic N pool, and resulted in increased accumulation of both unlabelled and labelled N in wheat tops. C1 CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP SMITH, CJ (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV SOILS,GPO BOX 639,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Freney, John/E-9462-2011; Smith, Chris/F-9103-2013; OI Smith, Chris/0000-0002-1087-9093; Freney, John/0000-0001-7545-6529 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1007/BF00369408 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LQ179 UT WOS:A1993LQ17900002 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, M ISHIGAKI, K NAGAI, T CHIKYU, M PURSEL, VG AF YOSHIDA, M ISHIGAKI, K NAGAI, T CHIKYU, M PURSEL, VG TI GLUTATHIONE CONCENTRATION DURING MATURATION AND AFTER FERTILIZATION IN PIG OOCYTES - RELEVANCE TO THE ABILITY OF OOCYTES TO FORM MALE PRONUCLEUS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID SPERM NUCLEAR DECONDENSATION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; INVIVO; EGG; CELLS AB The present study examined the kinetics of glutathione (GSH) concentration during maturation and after fertilization in pig oocytes and its relevance to the ability of pig oocytes to form a male pronucleus after in vitro fertilization. The GSH concentration was significantly higher in pig oocytes matured in Waymouth medium than in pig oocytes matured in either modified (m) TCM-199 or mTLP media. The addition of 0.04-0.57 mM cysteine (CySH) to mTLP significantly increased both the GSH concentrations in oocytes matured in vitro and the rate of male pronucleus formation as compared to those in oocytes cultured in mTLP alone. When pig oocytes were cultured 12, 24, or 36 h in mTLP plus 0.14 mM CySH, their GSH concentrations were significantly higher than in uncultured oocytes. After fertilization, the GSH concentration in pig oocytes declined significantly. GSH concentrations in oocytes matured in vivo did not differ from those in oocytes matured in mTLP plus 0.14 or 0.57 mM CySH. The results indicate that 1) the composition of maturation medium affects the GSH concentration in pig oocytes; 2) the addition of CySH to maturation medium permits GSH synthesis by the pig oocytes; 3) GSH levels in pig oocytes change during maturation and after fertilization; and 4) GSH synthesis during oocyte maturation is an important factor for promoting their ability to form a male pronucleus after fertilization. C1 NATL INST ANIM IND,DEPT ANIM REPROD,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. SHIZUOKA PREFECTURAL SWINE & POULTRY STN,DEPT ANIM REPROD,SHIZUOKA 439,JAPAN. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP YOSHIDA, M (reprint author), SHIZUOKA UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT APPL BIOL CHEM,OYA,SHIZUOKA 422,JAPAN. RI Yoshida, Mitsutoshi/B-3248-2010 NR 32 TC 245 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1095/biolreprod49.1.89 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA LK124 UT WOS:A1993LK12400010 PM 8353194 ER PT J AU CHANG, WJ BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB LESHIN, LS AF CHANG, WJ BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB LESHIN, LS TI INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM IN OPIOID MODULATION OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE PIG SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC REGULATION; PRL-RELEASING ACTION; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; LH-SECRETION; GONADOTROPIN; PEPTIDES; MORPHINE; INVITRO; GILT AB The role of norepinephrine (NE) in the progesterone (P)-dependent endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) suppression of LH and prolactin (PRL) secretion in the pig was studied. Fifteen ovariectomized gilts treated with P (0.85 mg/kg b.w. i.m.) twice daily for 1 0 days were assigned, 5 gilts each, to the following treatment groups: 1) control, 2) AIMAX (N-methyl-N1[1-methyl-2-propenyl]1,2 hydrazinedicarbothioamide), and 3) anti-GnRH serum. On Day 4 of P treatment, AIMAX (125 mg per 1.8 kg feed/day), previously shown to be an NE synthesis inhibitor, was fed daily for 7 days to group 2. On the last day of P treatment, group 3 gilts received an i.v. injection of anti-GnRH serum at 0800 h while Group 1 animals received an i.v. injection of serum collected from hypophysectomized gilts. Jugular blood samples were collected every 15 min for 9 h starting at 1000 h. All gilts received two injections of naloxone (NAL; 1 mg/kg b.w., i.v.) at 1400 h and 1600 h and an injection of a GnRH analogue (D-(Ala6-desGly-NH10]-ethylamide; 5 mug/pig, i.v.) at 1800 h. Pretreatment serum LH concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in AIMAX-treated gilts (0.19 +/- 0.09 ng/ml) than in controls (0.53 +/- 0.09 ng/ml), but were similar to those in GnRH antiserum-treated gilts (0.32 +/- 0.09 ng/ml). NAL increased (p < 0.001) serum LH concentrations in control animals and averaged 1.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml the first h. AIMAX and anti-GnRH serum blocked the NAL-induced LH secretion. Serum PRL concentrations averaged 6.0 +/-0.1 ng/ml for all groups. NAL increased (p < 0.05) serum PRL secretion in all gilts during the first h after treatment. Magnitude of PRL response to NAL was similar for all groups and averaged 9.8, 8.4, and 8.1 ng/ml (SEM = 0.7 ng/ml) for controls, AIMAX-, and GnRH antiserum-treated gilts, respectively. Serum LH concentrations increased (p < 0.0005) in all gilts after GnRH and averaged 10 +/- 0.2, 17.6 +/- 0.2, and 8.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml for control, AIMAX-, and GnRH antiserum-treated animals, respectively. In conclusion, NAL acts primarily at the hypothalamic level, possibly via activation of the NE system to induce LH secretion in P-treated gilts, whereas EOP modulation of PRL secretion is independent of the noradrenergic system. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1095/biolreprod49.1.176 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA LK124 UT WOS:A1993LK12400021 PM 8353185 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR AF HORTON, DR TI DIURNAL PATTERNS IN YELLOW TRAP CATCH OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) - DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXES AND MORPHOTYPES SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; DIEL FLIGHT PERIODICITY; GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS; LEAFHOPPERS HOMOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; POPULATIONS; ALEYRODIDAE; SEASONALITY; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR AB Diurnal patterns in yellow sticky trap catch of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, are described for the spring (reproductive) winter form generation, summerforms, and the fall (diapausing/dispersing) winterform generation. For each life stage, trap catch of the two sexes is also compared, and sex ratios on sticky traps are contrasted with independent estimates of population sex ratio obtained by beat tray samples. Beat tray estimates of sex ratio showed a slight male bias for both winterform generations (although P=0.09 for spring winterforms), and a female bias for the summerform samples. Sticky trap catches were significantly male biased for the reproductive generations (i.e. spring winterforms and summerforms). Trap catches of fall winterforms were not different from a 1:1 ratio. The male bias for the reproductive generations may be due to mate-seeking activities of males or to a decrease in activity by egg-laden females. Peak catch for summerforms occurred in the morning, and that of both winterform generations occurred at midday. There was no evidence that trapping depleted local densities of psylla during a 24-h period. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 125 IS 4 BP 761 EP 767 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LT234 UT WOS:A1993LT23400012 ER PT J AU CARLSON, CE THEROUX, LJ AF CARLSON, CE THEROUX, LJ TI CONE AND SEED MORPHOLOGY OF WESTERN LARCH (LARIX-OCCIDENTALIS), ALPINE LARCH (LARIX-LYALLII), AND THEIR HYBRIDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Although western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), alpine larch (Larix lyallii Parl.), and their natural hybrids can be recognized by morphological traits other than those of the reproductive structures, analyses of cone morphology suggest that cone shape and several variables representing bract and scale features, including the ratio of bract length to scale length, also distinguish the taxa. Western larch cones have a smaller length:width ratio than alpine larch. Dry hybrid cones are similar in shape to western larch but when wet they emulate alpine larch. The ratio of bract length to scale length was smallest (1.14) for western larch, intermediate (1.20) for alpine larch, and highest (1.38) for the hybrids. Bract length:width ratio was highest (2.67) for alpine larch, lowest (2.42) for western larch, and intermediate (2.47) for the hybrids. Seeds are less useful in recognizing hybrids, but are distinctive between western and alpine larch. Seeds of alpine larch are much larger than western larch and are triangular in shape; they are easily distinguished from seeds of natural hybrids because hybrid seeds closely resemble western larch seeds. RP CARLSON, CE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOX 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1264 EP 1269 DI 10.1139/x93-161 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LY140 UT WOS:A1993LY14000003 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, MA TRITTON, LM FAHEY, TJ AF ARTHUR, MA TRITTON, LM FAHEY, TJ TI DEAD BOLE MASS AND NUTRIENTS REMAINING 23 YEARS AFTER CLEAR-FELLING OF A NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NATIONAL-PARK; HUBBARD BROOK; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DECAYING BOLES; FIR FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM; DETRITUS; SPRUCE AB Dead bole mass and nutrients were measured in a northern hardwood forest watershed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, 23 years after all of the trees were felled and left in place. The experimental treatment of this watershed provided a unique opportunity to study large woody decay in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem with a well-documented disturbance history. We classified dead boles along line transects into four decay classes based on objective criteria, including bole shape and degree of fragmentation. Subsamples were returned to the laboratory for measurements of wood density and root ingrowth, species identification, and nutrient analysis. In 23 years, mass of dead boles (not including stumps) declined by approximately 90%, from 116.5 to 12.7 Mg.ha-1, and had an exponential decay rate constant, k, of 0.096 year-1. Significant differences in deadwood density were found among decay classes. The density of hardwood species declined approximately 50% by decay class 1, and softwood density declined 17% by decay class 1. Rates of decay appeared to be different among species, with maple and beech decomposing more quickly than birch and ash. Differences in concentrations of some nutrients were highly significant among decay classes (P and Ca) and among species (K, P, and Mg). Net release of nutrients ranged from 31% (N) to 93% (K). Root proliferation was highly correlated with decay class of dead boles. Highly decayed boles had much higher root biomass, but the total fine-root mass associated with deadwood was very low (2.1 g . m-2) compared with fine-root mass measured in forest floor (314 g . m-2). Our study demonstrates that decay of boles in this northern hardwood forest was rapid relative to conifer forests, and that decaying boles were not a site of significant nutrient accumulation or an important medium for tree roots. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ITHACA,NY 14853. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1298 EP 1305 DI 10.1139/x93-166 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LY140 UT WOS:A1993LY14000008 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC AF REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC TI SYNCHRONIC LARGE-SCALE DISTURBANCES AND RED SPRUCE GROWTH DECLINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DIAMETER GROWTH; TREE GROWTH; FOREST; HISTORY; DEPOSITION; CLIMATE AB Tree-ring data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory & Analysis and other independent sources were used to study coincidence of changes in growth and large-scale disturbances. Numerous studies report that mean radial growth of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) declined synchronously throughout its range in the early 1960s. We use red spruce tree-ring data from most of the major studies to show that the synchronicity of red spruce growth decline is likely the outcome of the large-scale disturbances that occurred throughout the northeastern red spruce ecosystem in the late 1930s to early 1950s. Large-scale disturbances are either not detectable or not present in the same time interval in the southern Appalachians. This appears to correspond to an absence of a 1960s radial growth reduction in this region. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1361 EP 1374 DI 10.1139/x93-173 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LY140 UT WOS:A1993LY14000015 ER PT J AU MCQUATTIE, CJ SCHIER, GA AF MCQUATTIE, CJ SCHIER, GA TI EFFECT OF OZONE AND ALUMINUM ON PITCH PINE (PINUS-RIGIDA) SEEDLINGS - NEEDLE ULTRASTRUCTURE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORWAY SPRUCE NEEDLES; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST DECLINE; CHLOROPLASTS; MESOPHYLL; EXPOSURE; CYTOLOGY; INJURY; KARST; O-3 AB Newly germinated pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L aluminum in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Cytological changes in needles of seedlings stressed by ozone and aluminum, singly and in combination, were determined by light and electron microscopy. The most pronounced changes in needles exposed to ozone occurred in the outer mesophyll, whereas major changes in the presence of aluminum occurred in the stele and inner mesophyll. At lower levels of either ozone or aluminum, the cytoplasm became more densely stained. Accumulation of dense materials appeared at intermediate treatment concentrations, and at high concentration localized cell collapse and deterioration became evident. Ozone or aluminum caused similar changes in the chloroplasts, for example, increase in number of plastoglobuli, accumulation of starch, formation of electron-dense stroma, and swelling or disruption of thylakoid membrane system. Ozone and aluminum in combination generally caused histological and cytological damage in needles to occur at lower concentrations than either aluminum or ozone alone. RP MCQUATTIE, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1375 EP 1387 DI 10.1139/x93-174 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LY140 UT WOS:A1993LY14000016 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC COOK, ER AF REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC COOK, ER TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE PREVALENCE OF GROWTH DECLINE IN RED SPRUCE POPULATIONS OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES - DISCUSSION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Discussion ID DEPOSITION; FORESTS; TRENDS C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,TREE RING LAB,PALISADES,NY. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1492 EP 1493 DI 10.1139/x93-187 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LY140 UT WOS:A1993LY14000029 ER PT J AU MCCAIG, TN MORGAN, JA AF MCCAIG, TN MORGAN, JA TI ROOT AND SHOOT DRY-MATTER PARTITIONING IN NEAR-ISOGENIC WHEAT LINES DIFFERING IN HEIGHT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HEIGHT-REDUCING ALLELES; PLANT HEIGHT; TALL; SEMIDWARF; DWARF ID SPRING WHEAT; YIELD COMPONENTS; AGRONOMIC COMPARISONS; DWARFING GENES; WINTER-WHEAT; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; SEMIDWARF; RHT1; REGISTRATION AB Increased wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in most major cereal growing areas of the world have been associated with shorter cultivars which incorporate the Rht1 or Rht2 height-reducing alleles. Considerable uncertainty still exists, however, concerning the growth of vegetative tissues, especially roots, of these shorter genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine how dry matter (DM) partitioning, in vegetative shoot and root tissues, is related to plant height as determined by the number of Rht alleles present (tall (no Rht alleles), semidwarf (Rht1 or Rht2), dwarf (Rht1 and Rht2) within a common genetic background. Tall, semidwarf, and dwarf near-isogenic lines were studied within each of four diverse genetic backgrounds. Six controlled-environment experiments were carried out in which plants were grown in sand (nutrients applied hydroponically) and harvested following anthesis. Stem and shoot (total aboveground tissue) DM plant-1 increased with plant height. However, there was no relationship between plant height and root DM plant-1. Root/shoot ratios tended to be negatively correlated with plant height. Leaf blades and head DM plant-1 were not consistently related to plant height. In the absence of selection pressure, genotypes containing Rht alleles should have root DM comparable to their tall counterparts, and root/shoot ratios equal to, or greater than, their tall counterparts. The Rht alleles also decreased individual leaf blade areas, primarily through effects on leaf length, and increased stomatal frequencies of early leaves; effects on the flag and penultimate leaves were ambiguous, suggesting that the gibberellic acid (GA3) intensitive Rht alleles exert greater control during earlier growth stages. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP MCCAIG, TN (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES BRANCH,RES STN,SWIFT CURRENT S9H 3X2,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 73 IS 3 BP 679 EP 689 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LR973 UT WOS:A1993LR97300003 ER PT J AU PARKER, KL GILLINGHAM, MP HANLEY, TA ROBBINS, CT AF PARKER, KL GILLINGHAM, MP HANLEY, TA ROBBINS, CT TI SEASONAL PATTERNS IN BODY-MASS, BODY-COMPOSITION, AND WATER TRANSFER RATES OF FREE-RANGING AND CAPTIVE BLACK-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS-SITKENSIS) IN ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MULE DEER; CARCASS FAT; INDEXES; WINTER; WEIGHT; GROWTH AB Body mass, body composition, and water transfer rates were determined over a continuous 2-year period in nine free-ranging Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis). Body masses showed a cyclical pattern, declined 14-31% between October and March, and were best described by a five-parameter, biologically based regression model. The amount of mass lost by black-tailed deer over winter depended on the peak body mass attained during fall. During winter, animals used 70-82% of their body fat and 10-15% of their protein reserves. Body fat was preferentially mobilized at rates 2.3-11.6 times higher than protein. Because of the higher energy content of fat, fat accounted for 83-92% of the catabolized energy. Water transfer rates varied seasonally with average summer values approximately four times those of winter; lactating deer had significantly higher rates of water transfer than nonlactating animals. Seasonal changes in all of the above parameters for wild deer were greater than those for eight deer of the same age in captivity. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99802. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1139/z93-193 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU771 UT WOS:A1993LU77100017 ER PT J AU PARKER, KL GILLINGHAM, MP HANLEY, TA AF PARKER, KL GILLINGHAM, MP HANLEY, TA TI AN ACCURATE TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING FORAGE INTAKE OF TRACTABLE ANIMALS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Note ID FOOD-INTAKE; MULE DEER; WAPITI; REINDEER; RATES AB We selected an average-sized plant unit for each forage species commonly eaten by black-tailed deer in southeastern Alaska. Those units, which were used to establish species-specific templates, typically represented single or small compound leaves that were usually eaten in one bite. We also determined an average mass for each plant unit. Using visual estimation of plant units in the natural environment, we were able to accurately predict actual plant mass (all r2 greater-than-or-equal-to 0.94). The technique is an accurate and reliable method for estimating both bite sizes and cumulative forage intake of tractable animals in forb- and shrub-dominated communities. It provides an estimate of dry or wet matter intake within a foraging period or specific habitat patch, relative to diet selection at the plant species level. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,WILDLIFE BIOL PROGRAM,PULLMAN,WA 99164. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99802. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1462 EP 1465 DI 10.1139/z93-204 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU771 UT WOS:A1993LU77100028 ER PT J AU LOOKHART, GL COX, TS CHUNG, OK AF LOOKHART, GL COX, TS CHUNG, OK TI STATISTICAL-ANALYSES OF GLIADIN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY PATTERNS OF HARD RED SPRING AND HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS GROWN IN A COMMON ENVIRONMENT - CLASSIFICATION INDEXES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; UNITED-STATES AB Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze gliadins extracted from grain harvested from 12 hard red winter (HRW) and 12 hard red spring (HRS) wheat cultivars grown in a common environment. Visual examination of the gliadin patterns did not distinguish the two wheat classes by the presence or absence of any one particular peak. The peak heights at each time interval from each cultivar were analyzed through cluster, principal component, and canonical analyses. Cluster analyses, based on closest (Euclidean) distances, produced five clusters plus six HRW cultivars that did not fall into any cluster. In the five clusters, two contained only HRS cultivars, two contained only HRW cultivars, and one contained both HRW and HRS cultivars. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component (PCl) explained 21% of the total variation among cultivars, primarily separating HRW and HRS classes with only minor overlap. The first three principal components together explained nearly half (44%) of the total variation. In these three major dimensions, there was greater scatter within the HRW class than within the HRS class. Canonical analyses demonstrated that the correlation between PCI and the first canonical variable was 0.79, indicating that the cultivars and classes were in similar groups. Even though both PCI and the first canonical variable separated HRW and HRS classes, HRW cultivars occurred among the HRS cultivars in both analyses. Canonical discriminate analysis, based on gliadin reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, allocated all cultivars to their correct classes, except for the HRW cultivars TAM 105 and TAM 107. RP LOOKHART, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LM131 UT WOS:A1993LM13100014 ER PT J AU KAHLON, TS CHOW, FI KNUCKLES, BE CHIU, MM AF KAHLON, TS CHOW, FI KNUCKLES, BE CHIU, MM TI CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING EFFECTS IN HAMSTERS OF BETA-GLUCAN-ENRICHED BARLEY FRACTION, DEHULLED WHOLE BARLEY, RICE BRAN, AND OAT BRAN AND THEIR COMBINATIONS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HEPATIC LIPID-METABOLISM; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; FED RATS; SERUM; FIBER; OIL; RESPONSES; LIVER AB The cholesterol-lowering activity of a beta-glucan-enriched barley fraction (GEB) (fed at several levels), milled dehulled whole barley, stabilized rice bran, oat bran, and 1:1 dietary fiber combinations of GEB with rice bran or oat bran, and rice bran with cat bran was investigated in 0.25% cholesterol-fed hamsters. All diets contained 10% total dietary fiber (TDF), 9.0% fat, and 3.1% N, except one GEB diet with 13.9% TDF. beta-Glucan levels of the cereal diets ranged from 0.8 to 6.0%. After 21 days, total plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced by oat bran, the rice bran-oat bran combination, and the 13.9% TDF GEB diets as compared with the cellulose control diet. The ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total plasma cholesterol was maintained. Liver cholesterol was significantly reduced in hamsters by all test diets, except dehulled whole barley. The viscous property of diets containing cereal fractions suggests that plasma cholesterol-lowering by oat bran and GEB (13.9% TDF) may result in reduced absorption or reabsorption of lipids, bile acids, and their metabolites. RP KAHLON, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA USA. NR 53 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LM131 UT WOS:A1993LM13100015 ER PT J AU LIN, WDA LOOKHART, G HOSENEY, RC AF LIN, WDA LOOKHART, G HOSENEY, RC TI PARTIALLY PURIFIED PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYMES FROM WHEAT-FLOUR AND THEIR EFFECT ON ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY OF CRACKER SPONGES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RHEOLOGICAL CHANGES; FERMENTATION; PROTEINS AB Enzymes were extracted from wheat flour with ammonium sulfate and purified by gel-filtration chromatography. Two peaks of proteolytic activity were detected. Lubricated uniaxial compression was used to measure the changes in elongational viscosities of cracker sponges at pH 4 during fermentation. The elongational viscosities of the sponges decreased with fermentation time, indicating enzyme activity. The elongational viscosities of the sponges were not noticeably changed when the enzymes had been extracted from the flour. However, the elongational viscosities of the sponges again decreased with fermentation time when the extracted enzymes were added back to the flour. Only one of the two proteolytically active fractions eluted from Sephadex G-100 was responsible for the change in the elongational viscosity of the sponge during fermentation. Rechromatography was used to further purify the proteolytic enzyme and produce a single peak with high specific proteolytic activity. Since pepstatin inhibited most of the activity of the purified enzyme preparation, it contains an acid protease. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 448 EP 452 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LM131 UT WOS:A1993LM13100018 ER PT J AU GRAYBOSCH, R SEO, YW PETERSON, CJ AF GRAYBOSCH, R SEO, YW PETERSON, CJ TI DETECTION OF WHEAT-RYE CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS USING AN ANTISECALIN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN STORAGE PROTEINS; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; DOUGH STRENGTH; 1BL/1RS; IDENTIFICATION; SECALINS AB Hybridoma lines derived from mice immunized with a secalin preparation from the rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar Rymin were analyzed for differential reactions with rye secalins and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gliadins. A single cell line, secreting a monoclonal antibody (MAB) with high affinity for rye secalin but comparatively low cross-reactivity with gliadin, was identified. After electrophoretic separation of unreduced proteins, immunoblotting experiments demonstrated specific binding to omega-secalins encoded by genes located on rye chromosome 1 RS. When used in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antisecalin monoclonal antibody allowed the discrimination of rye from wheat, the estimation of the percentage of rye in mechanical mixtures of wheat and rye, and the identification of wheat lines carrying wheat-rye chromosomal translocations involving IRS. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP GRAYBOSCH, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 458 EP 463 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LM131 UT WOS:A1993LM13100020 ER PT J AU LAWTON, JW WU, YV AF LAWTON, JW WU, YV TI THERMAL-BEHAVIOR OF ANNEALED ACETIC ACID-SOLUBLE WHEAT GLUTEN SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS AB The effect of annealing acetic acid-soluble wheat gluten at temperatures below its glass transition temperature (T(g)) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Acetic acid-soluble wheat gluten was annealed at 10-degrees-C below its T(g) for various lengths of time. Subsequent DSC of the annealed gluten revealed an endothermic peak near its T(g). The area of this peak, which depended both on the time annealed and the DSC heating rate, appears to be associated with the relaxation of glassy gluten toward a lower energy state and can be explained by retardation kinetics. Thus, there is no need to invoke first-order thermodynamic processes to explain the energy absorption of amorphous gluten observed in the DSC after annealing. The calorimetric data obtained with isolated gluten fit a theory of enthalpy relaxation used to explain endothermic peaks in amorphous synthetic polymers. Energy absorption and peak temperature from the thermogram can be used to estimate the relaxation rate and activation energy for enthalpy relaxation. RP LAWTON, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 4 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LM131 UT WOS:A1993LM13100022 ER PT J AU MURPHY, RE HEATH, RR DORSEY, JG AF MURPHY, RE HEATH, RR DORSEY, JG TI THE OPTIMIZATION OF CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY WHEN COUPLING FUSED-SILICA OPEN-TUBULAR COLUMNS IN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUSED SILICA OPEN TUBULAR COLUMNS; SERIAL COUPLED COLUMNS; PHASE RATIO OPTIMIZATION ID CAPILLARY COLUMNS; SERIES; MIXTURES; SEPARATION; POLLUTANTS; SOLVENTS; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB There are a number of parameters which have to be chosen depending on the analysis being done in gas chromatography. While the choice of stationary phase material is based on the solutes to be separated, the thickness is dependent on the concentration and the volatility of the components to be analyzed. This study undertakes a coupled column phase ratio optimization by connecting a short piece of a particular column prior to a normal length of an analytical column. Various columns of different dimensions (phase ratio), but of the same stationary phase material (methyl silicone), are coupled together by a deactivated glass press-fit connector, and the efficiency and capacity are measured. The coupling of fused silica open tubular columns is optimized in efficiency by matching or decreasing the phase ratio of successive columns. Capacity optimization is accomplished by increasing the phase ratio of consecutive columns. Capacity and efficiency optimization are opposing each other; therefore, if some efficiency can be sacrificed a substantial increase in capacity is possible. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. ROHM & HAAS CO,ANALYT RES,SPRING HOUSE,PA 19477. RP MURPHY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JUL PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1007/BF02272191 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LN902 UT WOS:A1993LN90200013 ER PT J AU AUSMAN, LM JOHNSON, JA GUIDRY, C NAIR, PP AF AUSMAN, LM JOHNSON, JA GUIDRY, C NAIR, PP TI FECAL BILE-ACIDS AND NEUTRAL STEROLS IN THE COTTON-TOP TAMARIN (SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; CHOLESTEROL; CANCER; EXCRETION AB 1. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), a small New World primate susceptible to spontaneous development of colon cancer, was studied for its fecal neutral sterol and bile salt composition. 2. Standardization procedures to establish the effect of exposure of the stool to room temperature air for various time-periods showed no significant effects on the neutral sterol and bile salt composition of the samples. 3. Microbial degradation of cholesterol and bile acids to secondary metabolites showed a progressive rise during the first year of life after which some degree of homeostasis was observed. 4. The proportion of cholesterol that remained unmetabolized by colonic microflora was in excess of 50%, an amount that was significantly higher than in man and other higher primates. 5. Ursodeoxycholic acid was identified as a significant (12%) component of fecal bile acids in this species. 6. Secondary bile acids formed by the action of enteric microflora were also significantly lower than levels found in man and other animals. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE RES CTR,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772. USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP AUSMAN, LM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-42352]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00168] NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90102-B PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LK642 UT WOS:A1993LK64200032 PM 8365117 ER PT J AU HEILMANN, LJ AF HEILMANN, LJ TI COMPARISON OF GLYCOSYLATED AND DEGLYCOSYLATED VITELLINS FROM 4 SPECIES OF WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO VITELLOGENIN; INSECT VITELLINS; SUNFLOWER; PRECURSOR; BIONOMICS; PROTEIN; GENES AB 1. The vitellins or yolk proteins of four species of weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) consist of two size classes with molecular weights of 150-170 and 42-47 kilo daltons (kDa). 2. The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, has one large vitellin while Smicronyx fulvus, S. sordidus, and Cylindrocopturus adspersus each have two large vitellins. 3. All four weevils have a single small vitellin whose size differs with genera. 4. In all four species both large and small vitellins contain N-linked glycosyl groups. 5. Enzymatic removal of the N-linked glycosyl chains lowers the molecular weight of the vitellins 9-17%. RP HEILMANN, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,BOX 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 693 EP 697 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90107-G PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LK642 UT WOS:A1993LK64200037 ER PT J AU OPPERT, B MORGAN, TD CULBERTSON, C KRAMER, KJ AF OPPERT, B MORGAN, TD CULBERTSON, C KRAMER, KJ TI DIETARY MIXTURES OF CYSTEINE AND SERINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS EXHIBIT SYNERGISTIC TOXICITY TOWARD THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS F; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; COWPEA VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LARVAL HELIOTHIS-ZEA; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; INSECT RESISTANCE AB 1. Combinations of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CPI) and serine proteinase inhibitors (SPI) in wheat germ diets were toxic to larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, when tested at levels where individual inhibitors were nontoxic. 2. Mixtures of 0.1% (w/w) CPI (E-64) plus 1% of either of three plant SPIs (soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, soybean Bowman-Birk trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor, or lima bean trypsin inhibitor) inhibited T. castaneum growth, resulting in 82-97% reduction in larval weight gain 17 days after hatching and 40-60% mortality. 3. Supplemention of diet containing 0.1% E-64 plus 1% soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (STI) with a mixture of amino acids at 7% caused a partial reversal of the growth inhibition, with 91% of the larvae surviving. 4. Diet containing 0.1% E-64 plus either 5 or 10% STI resulted in 100% mortality of the larvae during the first or second instar. 5. Addition of a mixture of amino acids at 20% to the 0.1% E-64 plus 10% STI diet allowed 89% of the larvae to develop into adults. 6. The synergism between different classes of proteinase inhibitors in the insect's diet that enhances growth inhibition and toxicity demonstrates the potential for an insect pest management strategy involving the coordinated manipulation of two or more types of digestive enzyme inhibitor genes in plants. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 67 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90074-U PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA LV342 UT WOS:A1993LV34200006 ER PT J AU DAY, KA FRISVOLD, GB AF DAY, KA FRISVOLD, GB TI MEDICAL-RESEARCH AND GENETIC-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - THE CASE OF TAXOL SO CONTEMPORARY POLICY ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67TH ANNUAL CONF OF THE WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INTERNATIONAL CY JUL 12, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP W ECON ASSOC INT AB Commercial development of the anti-cancer drug taxol has involved a complex set of interlocking research agreements. This paper explores the implications of such agreements and discusses diverse policy issues surrounding taxol development. Among these are forest management, species preservation, intellectual property rights, and the economics of biomedical research. Advances in genetic research increasingly have linked natural resource and technology policy issues. Institutional innovations in public/private research arrangements play a vital role in biotechnology development but are poorly understood. Policymakers need formal analyses of such agreements in order to evaluate complex research programs. RP DAY, KA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 SN 0735-0007 J9 CONTEMP POLICY ISSUE PD JUL PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA LN736 UT WOS:A1993LN73600001 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, CA BEUSELINCK, PR ELLERSIECK, MR DAVIS, DK MCGRAW, RL AF ROBERTS, CA BEUSELINCK, PR ELLERSIECK, MR DAVIS, DK MCGRAW, RL TI QUANTIFICATION OF TANNIS IN BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS METHOD; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS L; CONDENSED TANNINS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; SERICEA-LESPEDEZA; SHEEP; PEDUNCULATUS; DIGESTION AB Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) have been detected, but not quantified extensively. The objective of this study was quantitative analysis of tannins in birdsfoot trefoil germplasm. Diverse accessions were evaluated at two locations and on three harvest dates, and their tissues were analyzed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), an accurate and efficient procedure increasingly used in quantitative germplasm evaluation. Ninety-seven diverse accessions of L. corniculatus were obtained from the USDA Northeast Regional Plant Introduction Station at Geneva, N.Y. Seedlings were transplanted to fields near Columbia and Mt. Vernon, MO. Herbage regrowth was harvested three times at 30-d intervals, lyophilized, and analyzed for total condensed tannins. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design at two locations with accessions as main plots and harvest dates as sub-plots. Treatment combinations were replicated three times. Accessions were clustered according to the single variable, tannin concentration, by the Scott-Knott non-overlapping means separation technique. Performance mean and standard error of NIRS equations were 51.0 and 11.0 g catechin equivalents (CE) kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively; NIRS squared correlation coefficients exceeded 0.90. Condensed tannins different (P < 0.01) among accessions and harvest dates, and an accession x harvest date interaction occurred P < 0.01). concentrations ranged from 0 to 132 g CE kg-1 DM, but 75% of the accessions contained less than 40 g CE kg-1 DM. For accessions appearing in the highest clusters, tannins decreased 40% at Columbia and 27% at Mt. Vernon from July to September. Accessions from Ethiopia contained an average of 100 g CE kg-1 DM and usually appeared in the highest clusters. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT MATH,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP ROBERTS, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,PLANT GENET UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 675 EP 679 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100004 ER PT J AU KLOTH, RH AF KLOTH, RH TI NEW EVIDENCE RELATING THE PILOSE ALLELE AND MICRONAIRE READING IN COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT AB Experiments were undertaken to determine whether close linkage between the pilose allele and a locus influencing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber fineness had been misinterpreted as pleiotropy. Pilose (T1), the dominant allele to the t1 locus, is phenotypically described by a high density of trichomes on the leaf surface, the presence of trichomes on the carpel wall, and increased micronaire. Two lines, 239-17/6 and 250-14/2, were derived from single plant selections of pilose plants in an 'Empire' genetic background. 239-17/6 has atypically low micronaire readings. The 239-17/6 line was crossed to 250-14/2, a pilose, high-micronaire line, and to lines carrying t1 (normally pubescent) and T1sm (glabrous). The F1 plants were selfed for F2 and backcrossed to t1 and T1sm parents. Similar hybrids and backcrosses were made between 250-14/2 and t1 locus recessives. The agronomic performance and fiber traits of 239-17/6, 250-14/2, Empire, and FTA (low micronaire check) were measured for 2 yr in replicated experiments. Lint yield, lint percent, and the fiber traits of elongation, maturity, micronaire, perimeter, span length, strength, and wall thickness were measured. 239-17/6 expressed a T1 pilose phenotype. All 465 F2 seedlings from 239-17/6 x 250-14/2 and reciprocal cross had tomentose leaves. The combined results from crosses of 239-17/6 and 250-14/2 with t1 and T1sm, and backcrosses of F1 to t1 and T1sm demonstrated that 239-17/6 and 250-14/2 both carry T1. The fiber of 239-17/6 was not distinguishable from the fiber of either Empire or FTA for the wall traits of maturity, micronaire, and wall thickness. 239-17/6 was shown to have the T1 phenotype and behave genetically like T1. Since T1 was associated with both high and low micronaire readings, the pleiotropic effect of T1 on micronaire appears unlikely. A more likely explanation is the T1 is linked to a gene or block of genes that influence micronaire. RP KLOTH, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100006 ER PT J AU TANG, B JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC WATSON, CE AF TANG, B JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC WATSON, CE TI F2 HYBRIDS OF HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM AND COTTON CULTIVARS .1. HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR LINT YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Although pest-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm is available, it is generally not equal to adapted cultivars and other elite germplasm in yield. Cotton F2 hybrids could provide a means to combine beneficial traits of high-yielding adapted cultivar (elite) germplasm with those of pest-resistant germplasms. In the F2 heterosis and combining ability were studied for lint yield and the primary yield component boll number as well as for the secondary yield components of lint percentage and boll weight. These F2 hybrids were produced following a North Carolina Design II mating scheme involving four cultivars as female parents and 16 germplasm lines as male parents. The 64 F2 hybrids and 20 parents were evaluated in four environments. General combining ability (GCA) effects for various parents differed significantly. 'Delcot 344' gave significant, positive GCA effects for all traits studied. Significant, positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects were smaller and less significant than GCA effects. Heterosis of the F2 over the high-parent was observed in six (9% of all F2 hybrids) F2 hybrids. In the terms of combining ability for yield, the best two parents were Delcot 344 and 'Coker 315'. The heterosis for yield of F2 hybrids resulted mainly from increased boll number, boll weight, or a combination of both, rather than increased lint percentage. Interaction of GCA and SCA with environments indicated that F2 hybrids must be evaluated separately in each environment in which they are to be grown. These results suggest that high yielding F2 cotton hybrids can be developed that may contain acceptable levels of pest resistance. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 700 EP 705 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100011 ER PT J AU TANG, B JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC WATSON, CE AF TANG, B JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC WATSON, CE TI F2 HYBRIDS OF HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM AND COTTON CULTIVARS .2. HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR FIBER PROPERTIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; YIELD AB Estimates of combining ability and heterosis for fiber properties among pest-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) gene pools and cultivars are necessary for efficient F2 hybrid development. Four cultivars were crossed as female with 16 pest-resistant germplasm lines in a North Carolina Design II to evaluate combining ability and potential heterosis of F2 hybrids for six fiber characteristics. The 20 parents and 64 F2 hybrids were evaluated in four environments at Mississippi State, MS. Environment x hybrids interactions were significant for strength and micronaire, but not for length, uniformity, or elongation. Parent populations generally were more sensitive to the environment than were their F2 hybrids for most characteristics. General combining ability (GCA) effects were more important than specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Except for 2.5% span length, GCA effects for 'DES119' were significant, positive, and consistent for all characteristics. 'C315', MHR10 and 'Delcot 344' had significant, positive GCA effects for strength, 50% span length and 2.5% span length. In general, fiber traits of F2 hybrids were similar to mid-parental values. Very few F2 hybrids were superior in fiber properties to their high parent, but approximately 50% of the F2 hybrids were not significantly different from their high parents for most fiber traits except micronaire. These results are encouraging for the potential of utilizing pest-resistant germplasms as parents with cultivars to produce F2 hybrids that combine acceptable yield and fiber properties. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 706 EP 710 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100012 ER PT J AU PRACHT, JE NICKELL, CD HARPER, JE AF PRACHT, JE NICKELL, CD HARPER, JE TI GENES-CONTROLLING NODULATION IN SOYBEAN - RJ5 AND RJ6 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONDITIONING INEFFECTIVE NODULATION; REGISTRATION AB A number of genes have been identified that affect root nodule formation in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Buchanan. The non-nodulating mutant, NN5, used in this study was isolated from N-nitroso-N-methylurea mutagenized 'Williams' seed. The objectives of this study were to determine the number of genes responsible for non-nodulation in NN5 and the relationship between the genes in NN5 and the other known non-nodulation genes. From this study it was found that nonnodulation genes in NN5 were not allelic to the rj1 gene. One of the genes responsible for non-nodulation in NN5 was allelic to the previously identified, but unnamed single recessive gene found in nod139, a non-nodulating mutant of 'Bragg'. A second recessive gene controlling non-nodulation was identified in NN5 when crosses were made with 'Harosoy 63'. Harosoy 63 was shown to contain a non-allelic dominant gene that conditions nodulation when in combination with the gene found in nod139 and NN5. The gene symbol Rj5 is given to this new nodulation gene found in Harosoy 63, and the symbol rj6 is given to the allelic gene conditioning non-nodulation in nod139 and NN5. Several other cultivars, Williams, Williams 82, Chapman, Resnik, and Chamberlain, do not contain the dominant gene Rj5. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. USDA, PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. CIBA GEIGY CORP, DIV SEED, BLOOMINGTON, IL 61701 USA. DEPT AGRON, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 711 EP 713 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100013 ER PT J AU HATCHETT, JH SEARS, RG COX, TS AF HATCHETT, JH SEARS, RG COX, TS TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO HESSIAN FLY IN RYE AND IN WHEAT RYE TRANSLOCATION LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CHROMOSOME; CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA; GENES; INDUCTION; BIOTYPES AB Rye, Secale cereale L., is an important genetic resource for resistance to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). Resistance genes have been transferred from 'Chaupon' rye chromosome arm 2RL and 'Balbo' rye chromosome arm 6RL to common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via wheat-rye chromosomal translocations. Our objectives were to determine (i) the number of resistance genes in Chaupon and Balbo and their allelic relationships, and (ii) the mode of inheritance of resistance in the wheat-rye translocation lines. Several crosses were tested in a greenhouse for reaction to Biotype L of Hessian fly. Analyses of F2 populations showed that Chaupon and Balbo each segregated for two independent dominant genes exhibiting duplicate epistasis. All genes conditioned antibiosis to first-instar larvae. One of the genes in Chaupon expressed a chlorotic lesion reaction in response to larval feeding and was different from the genes in Balbo. When this gene occurred together with genes that did not cause expression of chlorotic lesions, F2 plants segregated in modified ratios of 12 resistant plants without lesions: 3 resistant plants with lesions: 1 susceptible plant. Crosses of T2BS.2RL translocation line with susceptible wheat 'Karl' showed that resistance from Chaupon chromosome arm 2RL was inherited as a single dominant factor and that 2RL carries the gene that expresses chlorotic lesions. Crosses of Ti4AS-4AL-6RL-4AL translocation lines with susceptible wheat 'TAM106' showed that resistance from the Balbo 6RL segment was inherited as a single dominant factor. These results demonstrate that the wheat-rye translocations can be utilized efficiently for incorporating Hessian fly resistance into wheat. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP HATCHETT, JH (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 730 EP 734 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100018 ER PT J AU OUENDEBA, B EJETA, G NYQUIST, WE HANNA, WW KUMAR, A AF OUENDEBA, B EJETA, G NYQUIST, WE HANNA, WW KUMAR, A TI HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY AMONG AFRICAN PEARL-MILLET LANDRACES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Breeding procedures used in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] improvement in India and the USA are aimed at exploitation of hybrid vigor for both grain and forage yields. Selection efforts in Africa have been limited to intrapopulation improvement for grain yield. Knowledge of heterotic patterns and combining ability of the widely cultivated African landraces would be useful in the development of a sound breeding program in Africa. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis among African pearl millet populations and to explore the utility of interpopulation improvement for the development of high yielding varieties and hybrids. Five populations and their 10 interpopulation crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with six replications at two locations in Niger during the 1989 and 1990 rainy seasons. Plant height, flowering time, natural incidence of downy mildew, spike length, grain yield, and 1000-seed weight were measured in different populations. Significant differences among entries for most of the traits were observed. Better-parent heterosis for grain yield ranged from 25 (Iniari x Ugandi) to 81% (Mansori x Ex-Bornu). Six of the crosses showed significant heterosis and gave 36 to 81% more grain yield than their better parent. All crosses except one were significantly more tolerant to downy mildew than their better parent. Mean squares for general combining ability were significant (P < 0.05) for most traits indicating the importance of additive gene effects for these traits. The large heterotic effects and the magnitude of the additive effects observed in the experiment should be useful in choosing pearl millet landraces for intercrossing in the development of cultivars with improved grain yield. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,1150 LILLY HALL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31794. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 735 EP 739 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100019 ER PT J AU MACKILL, DJ AMANTE, MM VERGARA, BS SARKARUNG, S AF MACKILL, DJ AMANTE, MM VERGARA, BS SARKARUNG, S TI IMPROVED SEMIDWARF RICE LINES WITH TOLERANCE TO SUBMERGENCE OF SEEDLINGS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ECHINOCHLOA; ETHYLENE; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Short-term submergence of rainfed lowland and deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.) reduces yields on millions of hectares in South and Southeast Asia. Farmers in these areas lack high-yielding cultivars that are tolerant to submergence at the vegetative stage. The present study was conducted to evaluate the submergence tolerance, yields and agronomic characteristics of improved submergence-tolerant rice lines. Experimental lines combining short to intermediate stature (80-115 cm) with tolerance to submergence were developed from tall, low-yielding tolerant cultivars at the International Rice Research Institute Los Banos, Philippines. Lines were selected based on high survival after submergence in concrete tanks and visual evaluation of yield potential in the field. These lines were tested in field and glasshouse tanks for survival after 10 to 13 d of submergence and were evaluated in replicated trials in the dry and wet seasons. Experimental lines selected for submergence tolerance from crosses with tolerant parents showed higher survival than lines not selected for tolerance in the field and glasshouse tests. The most tolerant lines showed low yield potential (less-than-or-equal-to 4100 kg ha-1); however, one breeding line with high submergence tolerance (IR49830-7-1-2-2) yielded 4880 kg ha-1 and was among the highest yielding lines in the trial. This shows that submergence tolerance can be incorporated into improved, high-yielding lines, which can raise productivity in submergence-prone areas. Submergence tolerance may also be useful for systems in which rice is seeded directly into standing water, where deep water during crop establishment has been proposed as a means of suppressing weed growth. C1 IRRI,DIV PLANT BREEDING GENET & BIOCHEM,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. RP MACKILL, DJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 749 EP 753 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100022 ER PT J AU SEO, YW SPECHT, JE GRAEF, GL GRAYBOSCH, RA AF SEO, YW SPECHT, JE GRAEF, GL GRAYBOSCH, RA TI INHERITANCE OF RED-BUFF SEED COAT IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], five loci ((I/i-k/i-i/i, R/r-m/r, T/t, W1/w1, O/o) interact to produce seed coat and/or hilum color phenotypes of gray (G), yellow (Y), black (Bl), imperfect black (Ib), brown (Br), striped brown-black, red-brown (Rbr), or buff (Bf). The T/t and W1/w1 loci also condition tawny/gray pubescence and purple/white flowers, respectively. T236, a white-flowered gray-pubescence accession in the soybean genetic collection, has an unusual red-buff (Rbf) seed coat. The genetic relationship of Rbf to the other seed coat colors was not known. To evaluate this relationship, T236 was mated to six soybean lines of known genotype relative to the five loci. F2 individuals were classified as to flower, pubescence, seed coat, and hilum color. In all crosses, only F2 plants with white flowers, gray pubescence, and an R- genotype produced Rbf seed coats or hila. The F2 segregation ratios were not compatible with an inheritance model for Rbf that invoked allelic segregation at a sixth locus. Indeed, Rbf seed coat seemed to be conditioned by a new allele at the T/t locus, symbolized as t-r. While there was no perceptible difference in the gray pubescence phenotypes conditioned by the t and t-r alleles, the t-r allele was detectable in an R-w1w1 genetic background, where the allelic series T/t-r/t produced the seed coat color phenotypes of B1/Rbf/Bf (in left-to-right dominance-recessiveness order). In all other backgrounds (i.e., R-W1-, rrW1-, and rrw1w1), the seed coat colors produced by t and t-r were identical. The currently accepted model for the inheritance of anthocyanidin pigments in the soybean seed coat is that: (i) R is necessary for anthocyanidin production, (ii) T is needed for dihydroxylation of the B-ring, (iii) W1 is needed for trihydroxylation of the B-ring. Our postulation that the Rbf seed coat phenotype requires an R-t-r-w1w1 genotype is consistent with this theory. It is also consistent with the report that pelargonidin, a monohydroxylated B-ring anthocyanidin, is the predominant pigment in the Rbf seed coats of strain T236. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 754 EP 758 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100023 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG AF HEATHERLY, LG TI DROUGHT STRESS AND IRRIGATION EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF HARVESTED SOYBEAN SEED SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLAY SOIL; GLYCINE-MAX; WEED-CONTROL; VIGOR; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; GROWTH; FIELD; FILL AB Drought stress consistently reduces soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.) yield, while irrigation increases yields above nonirrigated levels in the southern USA in most years. Little information is available regarding drought stress and irrigation effects on quality of harvested soybean seed in this region, however. Field experiments using Maturity Group (MG) IV, V, and VI soybean cultivars were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Stoneville, MS, to evaluate effects of drought and irrigation during reproductive development on subsequent germination of harvested seed. Treatments included a nonirrigated (N1) control and furrow irrigation (I) applied at various times during the reproductive period (R1-R6) in four different experiments. All experiments were grown on Sharkey clay (very-fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept), a major soil in the alluvial plain of the lower Mississippi River Valley. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield and number of seed from all cultivars in all experiments. Effect of irrigation on weight per seed was none or small relative to effects on seed yield and number of seed. Drought stress resulted in significantly inferior quality (standard germination < 80%) seed from all cultivars in all experiments. Irrigation initiated during flowering and continued into the seed-rill period significantly increased standard germination of seed from all experiments. Irrigation during the full reproductive period was required to realize both maximum seed yield and maximum germination of harvested seed. The results show that drought stress can result in reduced germination of harvested soybean seed, and that irrigation can be used to overcome this effect. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 777 EP 781 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100028 ER PT J AU SHIRAIWA, T SINCLAIR, TR AF SHIRAIWA, T SINCLAIR, TR TI DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGEN AMONG LEAVES IN SOYBEAN CANOPIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF NITROGEN; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The N distribution among leaves in a plant canopy can theoretically have an important influence on crop photosynthetic activity. However, little detailed information is available on the specific leaf nitrogen (SLN, g N m-2) distribution in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] canopies. Experiments were established at Gainesville, FL and in Japan to examine the effects of cultivar, canopy maturity, plant density, and N fertility on SLN distribution. The SLN distribution was measured by dividing canopies by height or node number into relatively thin layers and determining SLN for each layer. Canopies with expanding leaves were found to have a fairly uniform SLN in the top 1.5 to 2.0 LAI. Below this top zone there was a linear decline in SLN with increased cumulative LAI. In contrast, mature canopies with fully expanded leaves only were found to have a continuous linear decrease in SLN with cumulative LAI from the top of the canopy. The SLN of the leaves at the top of the mature canopies were substantially greater than those canopies with expanding leaves. Neither plant density nor N fertility substantially altered the linear decline in SLN with cumulative LAI. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. SHIGA PREFECTURAL JUNIOR COLL,KUSATSU,SHIGA 525,JAPAN. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 804 EP 808 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100034 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR SHIRAIWA, T AF SINCLAIR, TR SHIRAIWA, T TI SOYBEAN RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY AS INFLUENCED BY NONUNIFORM SPECIFIC LEAF NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION AND DIFFUSE-RADIATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) has proven to be an effective expression of the biomass accumulation capacity of crop canopies. Two factors that may influence RUE, however, are the N distribution among leaves in the canopy and the fraction of the diffuse component in the incident radiation. Radiation-use efficiency was measured for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown at Gainesville, FL, and Shiga, Japan, to examine the potential influence of these two factors on RUE. Radiation-use efficiency was found to be substantially greater for soybean grown in Japan as compared with Florida. It was hypothesized that a greater fraction of incident diffuse radiation in Japan could explain much of the difference in RUE between the locations. In addition, a nonuniform specific leaf N distribution (SLN, g N m-2) was shown theoretically to enhance RUE. A comparison is presented between the experimental observations of RUE, and the RU E obtained by accounting for the nonuniform SLN distribution in soybean canopies and for hypothetical differences between locations in the diffuse radiation component. C1 SHIGA PREFECTURAL JUNIOR COLL,KUSTASU,SHIGA 525,JAPAN. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 10 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 808 EP 812 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100035 ER PT J AU KEPHART, KD BUXTON, DR AF KEPHART, KD BUXTON, DR TI FORAGE QUALITY RESPONSES OF C3 AND C4 PERENNIAL GRASSES TO SHADE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FESCUE LEAF BLADES; TALL FESCUE; GROWTH-RATES; IRRADIANCE; ELONGATION; NITROGEN; ANATOMY; STRESS AB Both C3 and C4 grasses exhibit similar morphological responses to shade, but they differ in photosynthesis-related responses to shade, such as forage yield and growth rate. Morphological adaptation and reduced photosynthesis under shade may affect forage quality. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of adaptation to shade on forage quality of C3 and C4 grasses. The C3 species were tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and deertongue grass (Panicum clandestinum L.); the C4 species were switchgrass (Panicum virgatum Michx.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vit.). Grasses were established near Ames, IA, and grown under shade cloths which allowed 37 and 70% of ambient sunlight (AS) to penetrate. In addition, the grasses were subjected to a nonshaded (100% AS) treatment. Leaf blades, nonlaminar herbage, and total herbage samples were obtained at approximately 21-d increments from late spring to early summer for 2 yr. Neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) concentration in leaf blades was 18% greater in C4 species than in C3 species. Otherwise, few clear differences were observed between C3 and C4 types. Compared with the 100% AS treatment, NDF concentration in the 37% AS treatment was reduced 2 to 3%, whereas N concentration was increased by about 31% in nonlaminar herbage. In vitro digestible dry matter was increased 3 to 5% by shade. Nitrogen content per unit leaf area was not affected by shade, suggesting that nitrogenous compounds were concentrated by thinning of leaves. Thus, stressful growth conditions that limit photosynthate, such as shade, may improve forage quality. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP KEPHART, KD (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 831 EP 837 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100039 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, CC ANDERSON, WF PITTMAN, RN AF HOLBROOK, CC ANDERSON, WF PITTMAN, RN TI SELECTION OF A CORE COLLECTION FROM THE UNITED-STATES GERMPLASM COLLECTION OF PEANUT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. germplasm collection for peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., consists of 7432 accessions and contains a great amount of genetic diversity. Information on economically important traits does not exist for most accessions due to the time and labor required for evaluation. The development of a core collection for peanut would provide a subset of accessions that are representative of the entire collection and that could be extensively examined. The objective of this research was to select a core collection for peanut. Data for the U.S. peanut germplasm collection were obtained from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). The entire germplasm collection was then stratified by country of origin and by the amount of available morphological data. When information was available for at least four of the same morphological variables for at least 16 accessions from the same country of origin, then the data for these accessions were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. Results allowed the accessions to be clustered into groups which, theoretically, are genetically similar. Random sampling was then used to select almost-equal-to 10% from each group. Accessions with inadequate data for multivariate analysis were selected using a 10% random sample from each country of origin. Accessions from countries having few (less-than-or-equal-to 5) entries in the collection were pooled and a 10% random sample was selected. The resulting 831 accessions form a core collection for peanut. Examination of data for six phenotypic traits indicated that the genetic variation expressed for each trait in the entire collection has been preserved in this core collection. This peanut core collection has many potential uses and should increase the utilization of peanut germplasm resources. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP HOLBROOK, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 8 TC 86 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 859 EP 861 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100043 ER PT J AU DEGENHART, NR BURTON, GW AF DEGENHART, NR BURTON, GW TI DRY-MATTER CONCENTRATION AS AN INDEX OF IN-VITRO DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE IN BERMUDAGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note AB Simple and cost-effective procedures for predicting forage quality are needed. The objective of this study was to determine if dry matter concentration (DMC) could be used as an index of in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) in bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). Data were from two bermudagrass trials at Tifton, GA. The 1983 and 1985 trials contained 32 and 28 entries replicated five times. Plots were harvested four times a year for 3 yr, except in 1987 when only three harvests were taken. A negative correlation was observed between DMC and IVDMD. Coefficients of determination (r2) from the regression of entry mean IVDMD on DMC from individual harvests ranged from 0.01 to 0.82. Entry DMC means averaged across harvests within years provided consistent index or IVDMD (r2 = 0.20, 0.65, 0.49, 0.57, 0.60, and 0.59). Regression coefficients differed among groups of bermudagrass entries having different genetic backgrounds. When screening bermudagrass entries for forage IVDMD, almost-equal-to 50% of the entries could be eliminated based on forage DMC if the entries are replicated over space and time. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 862 EP 864 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100044 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JW CUNFER, BM BRUCKNER, PL BUNTIN, GD ROBERTS, JJ BLAND, D AF JOHNSON, JW CUNFER, BM BRUCKNER, PL BUNTIN, GD ROBERTS, JJ BLAND, D TI REGISTRATION OF GA-GORE WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. DEPT AGRON,COASTAL PLAINS STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JOHNSON, JW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 879 EP 879 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100059 ER PT J AU BUSCH, R MCVEY, D WIERSMA, J WARNES, D WILCOXSON, R HARELAND, G AF BUSCH, R MCVEY, D WIERSMA, J WARNES, D WILCOXSON, R HARELAND, G TI REGISTRATION OF NORM WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,CROOKSTON,MN 56716. UNIV MINNESOTA,MORRIS,MN 56267. USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BUSCH, R (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 880 EP 881 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100061 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JW BUNTIN, GD BRUCKNER, PL CUNFER, BM ROBERTS, JJ BLAND, D AF JOHNSON, JW BUNTIN, GD BRUCKNER, PL CUNFER, BM ROBERTS, JJ BLAND, D TI REGISTRATION OF GA-ANDY WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. DEPT AGRON,COASTAL PLAINS STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JOHNSON, JW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 880 EP 880 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100060 ER PT J AU BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE KARN, JF KRUPINSKY, JM RAY, IM VOGEL, KP MOORE, KJ KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ ANDERSON, BE HAAS, RJ TOBER, DA AF BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE KARN, JF KRUPINSKY, JM RAY, IM VOGEL, KP MOORE, KJ KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ ANDERSON, BE HAAS, RJ TOBER, DA TI REGISTRATION OF MANSKA PUBESCENT INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AN SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA,SCS,BISMARCK,ND 58502. RP BERDAHL, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 881 EP 881 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100062 ER PT J AU LEWELLEN, RT WHITNEY, ED AF LEWELLEN, RT WHITNEY, ED TI REGISTRATION OF GERMPLASM LINES DEVELOPED FROM COMPOSITE CROSSES OF SUGAR-BEET X BETA-MARITIMA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE RP LEWELLEN, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 882 EP 883 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100065 ER PT J AU MCMILLIAN, WW WIDSTROM, NW WILSON, DM AF MCMILLIAN, WW WIDSTROM, NW WILSON, DM TI REGISTRATION OF GT-MAS GK MAIZE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IBPMRL,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793. DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 2 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 882 EP 882 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100063 ER PT J AU BAENZIGER, PS SCHMIDT, JW PETERSON, CJ JOHNSON, VA MATTERN, PJ SHELTON, DR NELSON, LA MCVEY, DV HATCHETT, JH AF BAENZIGER, PS SCHMIDT, JW PETERSON, CJ JOHNSON, VA MATTERN, PJ SHELTON, DR NELSON, LA MCVEY, DV HATCHETT, JH TI REGISTRATION OF 3 WHEAT GERMPLASM LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BAENZIGER, PS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 884 EP 885 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100066 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK SKINNER, DZ AF SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK SKINNER, DZ TI REGISTRATION OF KS-222 MULTIPLE PEST-RESISTANT ALFALFA GERMPLASM DERIVED FROM ANCHOR ALFALFA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. RP SORENSEN, EL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, THROCKMORTON HALL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 886 EP 887 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100069 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK PEADEN, RN SKINNER, DZ AF SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK PEADEN, RN SKINNER, DZ TI REGISTRATION OF KS221 MULTIPLE PEST-RESISTANT ALFALFA GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT, PROSSER, WA 99350 USA. RP SORENSEN, EL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, THROCKMORTON HALL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 886 EP 886 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100068 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GE AF SCOTT, GE TI REGISTRATION OF MP339 AND MP412 PARENTAL LINES OF MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP SCOTT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5248,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 888 EP 888 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LP371 UT WOS:A1993LP37100070 ER PT J AU BACKLUND, JE SZABO, LJ AF BACKLUND, JE SZABO, LJ TI PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENOME OF THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; GENOME SIZE; REASSOCIATION KINETICS; REPETITIVE DNA ID ULTRASTRUCTURAL PACHYTENE KARYOTYPE; REPETITIVE DNA CONTENT; ORGANIZATION; HYBRIDIZATION; COMPLEXITY; PATHOGEN; TRITICI; MAP AB The physical characteristics of the genome of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stem rust fungus, were determined by reassociation kinetics. The results indicate that the haploid genome contains 67 Mb and consists of three classes of DNA sequences: (1) 64% unique; (2) 30% repetitive; and (3) 4% foldback. The repetitive sequences have a total complexity of 390 kb and are repeated an average of 52 times. The base composition was 45.3% G + C based on an analysis of the DNA melting temperature. The average amount of DNA per ungerminated urediniospore by diphenylamine assay, corrected for losses during extraction, was 435 fg. This was three times the expected value (147 fg) for dikaryotic spores with nuclei in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, an indication that the spores were in G2. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1007/BF00324670 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LY917 UT WOS:A1993LY91700014 PM 8358836 ER PT J AU WHITEHEAD, TR AF WHITEHEAD, TR TI ANALYSES OF THE GENE AND AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE OF THE PREVOTELLA-(BACTEROIDES)-RUMINICOLA 23 XYLANASE REVEALS UNEXPECTED HOMOLOGY WITH ENDOGLUCANASES FROM OTHER GENERA OF BACTERIA SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES-THETAIOTAOMICRON; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RUMINAL BACTERIA; EXPRESSION; CLONING; FERMENTATION; BINDING; SITES AB The DNA sequence for the xylanase gene from Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola 23 was determined. The xylanase gene encoded for a protein with a molecular weight of 65,740. An apparent leader sequence of 22 amino acids was observed. The promoter region for expression of the xylanase gene in Bacteroides species was identified with a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. A region of high amino acid homology was found with the proposed catalytic domain of endoglucanases from several organisms, including Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Clostridium thermocellum. The cloned xylanase was found to exhibit endoglucanase activity against carboxymethyl cellulose. Analysis of the codon usage for the xylanase gene found a bias towards G and C in the third position in 16 of 18 amino acids with degenerate codons. RP WHITEHEAD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF01576830 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LG022 UT WOS:A1993LG02200006 PM 7763664 ER PT J AU BUONOMO, FC KLINDT, J AF BUONOMO, FC KLINDT, J TI ONTOGENY OF GROWTH-HORMONE (GH), INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTORS (IGF-I AND IGF-II) AND IGF BINDING PROTEIN-2 (IGFBP-2) IN GENETICALLY LEAN AND OBESE SWINE SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; BODY-COMPOSITION; SOMATOMEDIN-C; NEONATAL RAT; MALE PIGS; SERUM; SECRETION; PLASMA; FETAL AB Serum GH, IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-2 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in swine of genetic lines which were selected for high (obese) and low (lean) backfat. Blood samples were collected at birth, before and after nursing, at 1 and 3 days of age and at weekly or fortnightly intervals until 30 weeks of age. Overall, GH, IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-2 were highest at birth and declined during the first week of postnatal life. An age-by-line interaction was apparent for GH and IGF-I during the early neonatal period with levels being higher in the lean line than the obese line at 1 day of age and similar at 1 week of age. At 3 to 5 weeks of age there was an elevation in GH which was greater in lean than obese pigs. IGFBP-2 concentration patterns were characterized by a nadir at 5 to 7 weeks of age and a decline from an apex at 8 weeks of age in both lines. IGF-II declined steadily from birth until about 10 weeks of age. A subsequent increase in IGF-II was then observed between 12 and 22 weeks, which was greater in the obese line and in male pigs but not apparent in lean females. At birth, pigs which had not nursed had higher GH and IGFBP-2 and lower IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations. The effect of nursing on IGF-I was significantly influenced by line. These data indicate that the endocrine milieu and developmental changes in the endocrine milieu of pigs with differing propensities for obesity differs, suggesting that there is an association between growth factors and physiological traits such as the development of obesity. C1 USDA ARS,RL HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP BUONOMO, FC (reprint author), MONSANTO AGR CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198, USA. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(93)90030-F PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MC947 UT WOS:A1993MC94700010 PM 7504606 ER PT J AU SMITH, DJ FEIL, VJ HUWE, JK PAULSON, GD AF SMITH, DJ FEIL, VJ HUWE, JK PAULSON, GD TI METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION OF RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY TURKEY POULTS SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; FINISHING PERFORMANCE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GROWTH-PHASE; RAT; SWINE; GLUCURONIDATION AB Ractopamine HCl, ((1R*,3R*),(1R*,3S*)-4-hydroxy-alpha-[[[3-(4-hydrox-yphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-amino]methyl]benzenemethanol hydrochloride), is a beta-adrenergic agonist that is under evaluation as a nutrient repartitioning agent in livestock. Because ractopamine metabolism has not been evaluated in turkeys, the objectives of this study were to synthesize and identify products of ractopamine metabolism and to determine the stereoselective metabolism and tissue distribution of [C-14]ractopamine HCl in orally dosed turkey poults. Glucuronides of diastereoisomeric [C-14]ractopamine, and the (1R,3R) and (1R,3S) stereoisomers of ractopamine were synthesized by use of microsomal proteins immobilized on Sepharose beads. Monoglucuronides conjugated to the phenols at C-10 or C-10' were isolated and identified by H-1-NMR and negative ion FAB/MS. Urine and feces were collected from colostomized turkey poults after oral dosing with 20 Mg of [C-14]ractopamine HCl (9.28 muCi). Radioactive residues in tissues were highest in the gallbladder and liver. Radioactivity was not detectable in blood 48 hr after dosing and was slightly above background (<100 dpm/g tissue) in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Urine contained 47.5% of the administered radioactivity by 16 hr after dosing, and by 48 hr 52.0% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine. Feces contained 36.6% and 41.5% of the dose 16 and 48 hr after dosing, respectively. Unmetabolized ractopamine represented only 8% of the urinary radioactivity; ractopamine glucuronides represented 72% of the urinary radioactivity. Glucuronides conjugated to the C-10 phenol of ractopamine represented 59.8% of the urinary metabolites and were composed of all four ractopamine stereoisomers. Glucuronides conjugated to the C-10' phenol of ractopamine represented 12.7% of the urinary metabolites and were composed of the (1R,3R) and (1R,3S) stereoisomers. Ractopamine was rapidly eliminated from turkeys after oral dosing, and glucuronidation was the major pathway of metabolism. Regioselective glucuronidation occurred favoring the C-10 phenol of ractopamine; glucuronidation of the C-10' phenol of ractopamine was specific for the (1R,3R) and (1R,3S) stereoisomers. RP SMITH, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 624 EP 633 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LP256 UT WOS:A1993LP25600011 PM 8104121 ER PT J AU CLINTON, BD BORING, LR SWANK, WT AF CLINTON, BD BORING, LR SWANK, WT TI CANOPY GAP CHARACTERISTICS AND DROUGHT INFLUENCES IN OAK FORESTS OF THE COWEETA BASIN SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CANOPY GAPS; COWEETA; DISTURBANCE; DROUGHT; MIXED-OAK FORESTS; PREDISPOSAL; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; TREE MORTALITY ID HARDWOOD FOREST; GROWTH; MOUNTAINS; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS AB Canopy gaps in southern Appalachian mixed-Quercus forests were characterized to assess the impact of the 1985-1988 record drought on patterns of tree mortality in relation to topographic variables and changes in overstory composition. Using permanent transects, we sampled 68 canopy gaps within the Coweeta Basin. Among 1-5 yr old gaps, the most common gap type was the 1-yr-old single-tree snag, accounting for 49% of all gaps sampled; 65% of all gaps occurred within 2 yr of the drought peak. Gap area ranged from 40 to 850 m2, averaged 239 m2, with a median of 152 m2. Analysis of 1988 color infrared (IR) aerial imagery yielded a gap formation rate of 0.8 gaps . ha-1 . yr-1 in mixed-Quercus stands affecting 2.0% of the area in this forest type in 1988. The most frequent gap-forming species were Quercus coccinea, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina, respectively. Evidence suggests that moisture stress brought on by severe drought increases the susceptibility of Quercus species to the shoe-string fungus Armillaria mellea, which may result in significant shifts in canopy composition in these forests. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CLINTON, BD (reprint author), USDA,SE FOREST EXPTL STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 38 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.2307/1940082 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LK429 UT WOS:A1993LK42900023 ER PT J AU GROFFMAN, PM ZAK, DR CHRISTENSEN, S MOSIER, A TIEDJE, JM AF GROFFMAN, PM ZAK, DR CHRISTENSEN, S MOSIER, A TIEDJE, JM TI EARLY SPRING NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN A TEMPERATE FOREST LANDSCAPE SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENITRIFICATION; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITRIFICATION; NITROGEN CYCLING; PLANT UPTAKE ID ANNUAL GRASSLAND; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SOIL; NITRATE; NITRIFICATION; DENITRIFICATION; AMMONIUM; MINERALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROORGANISMS AB Early spring nitrogen cycling in temperate forests is dynamic and important to site fertility and retention of N in these ecosystems. In this study, we combined short-term (2 d) N-15-based measurements of plant uptake, microbial nitrification, denitrification, and immobilization with more conventional measurements of these processes over an 8-wk period from early March to early May within a temperate forest landscape unit in Michigan, USA. Measurements were made in two landscape positions, a summit position with a well-drained soil and a toe-slope position with a poorly drained soil. While soil mineral N levels showed little spatial and temporal variation over the 8-wk period, nitrification rates, microbial biomass (chloroform-labile) N, and denitrification were highly variable. The poorly drained soil consistently had high levels of nitrification and denitrification relative to the well-drained soil. Pools of microbial biomass N increased by a factor of 10 over the 8-wk period in both soils, but were relatively stable during April, when the N-15 experiment was conducted. Microbial biomass appeared to be the key regulator of the fate of added N-15. In the well-drained soil, the largest movement of N was into microbial biomass and total soil N. As a result of this strong immobilization, there was relatively little nitrification and denitrification of N-15 in the well-drained soil. In the poorly drained soil, there was no apparent movement of N-15 into microbial biomass. As a consequence, availability of (NH4+)-N-15 to nitrifiers was high, and rates of nitrification were very high. Accumulation of NO3- in the poorly drained soil, along with high soil moisture, fostered high denitrification N losses. The results suggest that N retention processes and the fate of either atmospherically or agriculturally derived N inputs will likely show strong temporal and spatial variation during the early spring period in temperate forest landscapes. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NAT RESOURCES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV COPENHAGEN,INST POPULAT BIOL,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR MICROBIAL ECOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP GROFFMAN, PM (reprint author), INST ECOSYST STUDIES,BOX AB,MILLBROOK,NY 12545, USA. RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012; Christensen, Soren/J-6246-2014 OI Christensen, Soren/0000-0002-7067-5586 NR 35 TC 73 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1579 EP 1585 DI 10.2307/1940085 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LK429 UT WOS:A1993LK42900026 ER PT J AU GREENSTONE, MH HUNT, JH AF GREENSTONE, MH HUNT, JH TI DETERMINATION OF PREY ANTIGEN HALF-LIFE IN POLISTES-METRICUS USING A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNODOT ASSAY SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE HYBRIDOMA; DETECTABILITY PERIOD; VENOM; PREDATION; SEROLOGY; PROTEASE; VESPIDAE; HYMENOPTERA ID POLYPHAGOUS PREDATORS; DIGESTION RATE; APHID REMAINS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ELISA; HYMENOPTERA; SPIDERS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB In order to derive quantitative estimates of predation rate from serological gut analysis data, one must have an estimate of the interval during which a meal can be detected after feeding. In practice th's has turned out to be 'D(max),' defined as '...the time from finishing a meal until that meal could just no longer be detected in any individuals.' However D(max) substitutes an absolute limit for what is really a continuous variable with significant variation. We examined this problem in a study of the detectability of Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fifth instar remains in the guts of Polistes metricus Sav (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Wasps were maintained on Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fifth instars before being fed a single H. zea fifth instar. They were killed and frozen at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h intervals, with those held for more than 24 h fed a single T. ni fifth instar at 24 h intervals in order to simulate continued feeding. Wasp abdomens were assayed by immunodot, using a monoclonal antibody to H. zea arylphorin. There was a logarithmic decay in the proportion of P. metricus positive over time, a single H. zea fifth instar meal having a detectability half-life of 19.4 h at field temperatures. If prey antigen detectability decays exponentially, then a detectability half-life is a more appropriate unit of detectability than an absolute detectability period. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. RP GREENSTONE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. RI Hunt, James/D-1740-2009 NR 38 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LK075 UT WOS:A1993LK07500001 ER PT J AU UPADHYAYA, A CALDWELL, CR AF UPADHYAYA, A CALDWELL, CR TI APPLICABILITY OF THE TRIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE REDUCTION VIABILITY ASSAY TO THE MEASUREMENT OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS BY BISULFITE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; LEAVES; PLANTS; PACLOBUTRAZOL; CHLOROPLASTS; SULFITE; SO2 AB The measurement of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction and potential indicators of oxidative damage were used to examine the effect of bisulfite on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett) cotyledon disks (7 mm). Regardless of light conditions, bisulfite at concentrations above 1 mM decreased the ability of the cotyledon tissue to reduce TTC before any measurable indication of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation or loss of pigment content. After bisulfite (5 mM) treatment, subsequent incubations of the cotyledon disks in the light and in the absence of bisulfite resulted in a further loss in TTC-reducing ability and caused lipid peroxidation and degradation of pigments. Bisulfate had no significant effect on TTC reduction, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and pigment content. Bisulfite and bisulfate altered the total cellular sulfhydryl content of the cucumber cotyledon disks. Paclobutrazol partially protected the cotyledon disks from bisulfite-induced oxidative damage. These results are consistent with those obtained with whole plants fumigated with sulfur dioxide and demonstrate the utility of the TTC assay in assessing bisulfite-induced plant damage. RP UPADHYAYA, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(93)90037-G PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN672 UT WOS:A1993LN67200003 ER PT J AU VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G AF VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND FREEZE TOLERANCE COMPARISONS OF THE NEWLY RELEASED AMBERSWEET HYBRID WITH VALENCIA ORANGE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE AMBERSWEET CITRUS HYBRID; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COLD TOLERANCE ID SINENSIS L OSBECK; CITRUS TREES AB Two-year-old trees of ''Ambersweet'', a newly released citrus hybrid of ''Clementine'' tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) x ''Orlando'' tangelo (C. paradisi Macf. x C. reticulata) x midseason sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], were tested and compared for photosynthetic performance and chilling tolerance in controlled-temperature chambers, using ''Valencia'' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees of the same age and on similar rootstocks. In vitro activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and concentrations of chlorophyll and nonstructural carbohydrates of Ambersweet leaves were lower than for Valencia leaves during nonhardening and cold-hardening conditions. Both varieties, however, had similar rates of leaf photosynthesis. Freeze tests at - 6.7 and - 8-degrees-C for 3 hr showed that cold hardiness of Ambersweet trees was comparable to that of Valencia sweet orange. It is expected that Ambersweet would compete favorably with Valencia as well as other existing sweet orange types for new world markets. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(93)90041-D PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN672 UT WOS:A1993LN67200007 ER PT J AU BAAS, JM EWERT, A CHAVEZ, DJ AF BAAS, JM EWERT, A CHAVEZ, DJ TI INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY ON RECREATION AND NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT USE PATTERNS - MANAGING RECREATION SITES FOR ETHNIC AND RACIAL DIVERSITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ETHNICITY; RECREATION; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ID URBAN AB Management of natural environment sites is becoming increasingly complex because of the influx of urbanized society into wildland areas. This worldwide phenomenon impacts a wide range of countries. In southern California ethnicity is often a major factor influencing recreation site use and behavior at sites in the wildland-urban interface. This study investigated the role of ethnicity and race on the use patterns, perception of environment, and recreation behaviors at an outdoor recreation site visited by an ethnically diverse population. Two research questions were asked: (1) What ethnic groups engage in outdoor recreation at this site, and (2) what differences can be assigned to these various groups? Data were collected from 250 recreationists during 1991. Three major ethnic groups were identified, and statistically significant differences were found in the importance of site attributes, activity participation, and in preferred and actual communication channels. Management implications and strategies based on group differences are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST RECREAT & URBAN FORESTRY,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP BAAS, JM (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL NAT RESOURCES,HUMAN DIMENS NAT RESOURCE UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1007/BF02394667 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LG071 UT WOS:A1993LG07100010 ER PT J AU MCPHERSON, EG AF MCPHERSON, EG TI MONITORING URBAN FOREST HEALTH SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IMPROVING NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THROUGH MONITORING CY MAR 10-11, 1992 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI AB Renewed interest in urban forestry has resulted in significant public investment in trees during the past few years, yet comprehensive urban forest monitoring programs are uncommon. Monitoring is an integral component of a program to sustain healthy community forests and long term flows of net benefits. Volunteer-based monitoring will promote continued public involvement and support in community forestry. To overcome constraints to monitoring in urban environments, programs must be personally relevant, socially desirable, scientifically credible, and economically feasible. A three-tiered monitoring approach is presented. Canopy cover analysis documents net gains and losses in regional urban forest cover. Simplified detection monitoring uses trained volunteers to better understand tree population dynamics, while intensive monitoring characterizes urban forest functions and stressors. Implementation of an urban forest health initiative to develop, place, and evaluate monitoring programs is advocated. RP MCPHERSON, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,5801 N PULASKI RD,CHICAGO,IL 60646, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF00547494 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LV147 UT WOS:A1993LV14700008 PM 24220831 ER PT J AU LABAU, VJ AF LABAU, VJ TI REGIONAL MONITORING WITH PLOT NETWORKS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IMPROVING NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THROUGH MONITORING CY MAR 10-11, 1992 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI AB The national Forest Health Detection Monitoring Program, was initiated first in the eastern United States, in partial response to findings from the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. This paper presents an overview of that program as it is extended from its focus in the eastern United States to a national program. The paper describes the basic concerns driving the program; presents a summary of the sampling design; emphasizes the importance of proper planning, beginning with an information needs assessment with the various data and information users; and discusses the process of selecting data elements and indicators of change to monitor. RP LABAU, VJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,201 E 9TH AVE,SUITE 303,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF00547505 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LV147 UT WOS:A1993LV14700019 PM 24220842 ER PT J AU FISHER, SW LYDY, MJ BARGER, J LANDRUM, PF AF FISHER, SW LYDY, MJ BARGER, J LANDRUM, PF TI QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS FOR PREDICTING THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS WITH SEDIMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE QSAR; ACHE INHIBITORS; PREDICTION; TOXICITY ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL MEDIA; CHEMICALS; FISH; POLYMERS; MIDGE AB The toxicity of a series of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate insecticides was measured against the midge Chironomus riparius in aquatic systems with and without sediment. Five molecular descriptors (molecular volume, Henry's law constant, n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)), molecular connectivity, and linear solvation energy) were used in regression analysis as potential predictors of insecticidal activity. The regressions were conducted for each descriptor against toxicity values for the series of chemicals. Molecular volume and Henry's law constant showed no relationship with toxicity. However, log K(ow) was moderately successful in describing the effect of sediment on toxicity (r2 = 0.508). Prediction of toxicity was substantially improved when a linear solvation energy (LSE) or molecular connectivity (MC) model was used in regressions. In multiple regressions conducted on carbamates and OPs separately, use of MC or LSE parameters explained up to 95.8% of the variability in toxicity. Based on the results of regression analyses, sorptive interactions between these insecticides and sediment apparently dominate the processes affecting the toxicity of these compounds when sediment is present. In the absence of sediment, the regressions suggest that the molecular structure of the insecticides is more important than solubility or partitioning for determining toxicity. C1 GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. US FOREST SERV,DELAWARE,OH 43015. RP FISHER, SW (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1307 EP 1318 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1307:QSRFPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LJ282 UT WOS:A1993LJ28200021 ER PT J AU BANOWETZ, GM AF BANOWETZ, GM TI THE EFFECT OF ETHEPHON SEED TREATMENT ON LEAF DEVELOPMENT AND HEAD INITIATION OF WHEAT SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLANT-GROWTH REGULATOR; BARLEY AB The ability to control the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth could potentially increase wheat yields, particularly in regions subject to midseason drought stress. Little is known about the factors that regulate or affect this transition in wheat and other graminae. Because ethephon is known to accelerate this transition in other plants, the effect of seed treatment on spring wheat growth and development was investigated. Seedlings derived from seeds imbibed in ethephon underwent the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth earlier than seeds imbibed in water. The percentage of 17-day-old plants with four fully-emerged leaves (i.e., plants in which meristem development had proceeded from vegetative apex to double-ridge formation) showed a positive correlation with ethephon concentration. Subsequent yield components were unaffected with the exception of a small increase in the number of kernels/spike in plants derived from seeds imbibed in ethephon solutions for 24 h. Neither root nor shoot dry weights of 21-day-old plants were affected by the treatments. Germination percentages were unaffected by the treatments but 8-day-old plants derived from seeds imbibed for 24 h had reduced height with increasing ethephon concentrations. These results will be useful in further studies of the biochemical basis of the transition to reproductive growth. RP BANOWETZ, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 34 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90115-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LN483 UT WOS:A1993LN48300010 ER PT J AU KREIBICH, RE HEMINGWAY, RW NEARN, WT AF KREIBICH, RE HEMINGWAY, RW NEARN, WT TI APPLICATION OF HONEYMOON COLD-SET ADHESIVE SYSTEMS FOR STRUCTURAL END JOINTS IN NORTH-AMERICA SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAMINATING ADHESIVES; TANNIN; GLULAM AB High quality, structural end joints can be cold-set at mill speed using a two-component honeymoon adhesive system composed of southern pine bark or pecan shell membrane tannin and a modified, commercially available, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. Adhesive costs of a fully waterproof glueline are approximately $0.60/lb. of applied adhesive mix compared to $0.80/lb. for current melamine-formaldehyde adhesives. Capital and processing costs are reduced by eliminating the radio-frequency generator used in most laminating plants. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STA,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR356 UT WOS:A1993LR35600009 ER PT J AU MCNATT, JD MCDONALD, D AF MCNATT, JD MCDONALD, D TI 2 ACCELERATED-AGING TESTS FOR WOOD-BASED PANELS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Two simplified accelerated-aging exposures were evaluated as possible alternatives to the current six-cycle test in ASTM D 1037. The exposures consisted of four cycles of alternate hot-water soaking and ovendrying. For oriented strandboard, flakeboard, and particleboard, bending properties and residual thickness swelling after either exposure were similar to those after the standard six-cycle test. For hardboard, the alternative exposures had considerably less of an effect on properties because much less water was adsorbed compared to that in the standard exposure. which includes steaming. Supplemental tests showed that hardboard had adequate water adsorption during vacuum-pressure soak in room-temperature water. Further tests using the vacuum-pressure-soak exposure as a replacement for steaming will be conducted. RP MCNATT, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR356 UT WOS:A1993LR35600010 ER PT J AU KRZYSIK, AM YOUNGQUIST, JA ROWELL, RM MUEHL, JH POO, C SHOOK, SR AF KRZYSIK, AM YOUNGQUIST, JA ROWELL, RM MUEHL, JH POO, C SHOOK, SR TI FEASIBILITY OF USING RECYCLED NEWSPAPERS AS A FIBER SOURCE FOR DRY-PROCESS HARDBOARDS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Dry-process hardboard represents a favorable option for recycling old newspaper fibers. However, dry-process boards tend to be less dimensionally stable than boards processed by other methods. Our objective was to determine the mechanical and physical properties of 3-mm and 11-mm dry-process hardboards made from various ratios of wood fiber to old newspaper (ONP) (100:0, 50:50, and 0:100). Two series of 3-mm hardboards were made, one with untreated fiber and the other with acetylated fiber. Resin levels were 3 or 7 percent, and all 3-mm hardboards had 0. 5 percent wax. The 11-mm hardboards were made with untreated fiber, 5.5 percent resin, and 2 percent wax. Boards were tested for static bending and tensile strength properties, water absorption, thickness swell, and linear expansion. As expected, increasing the resin level from 3 to 7 percent generally improved all properties. Acetylation substantially improved the water absorption, thickness swell, and linear expansion but decreased the mechanical properties of all boards; increasing the amount of ONP caused a corresponding deterioration in mechanical properties, water absorption, and thickness swell. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801. RP KRZYSIK, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR356 UT WOS:A1993LR35600011 ER PT J AU FORBES, CL SINCLAIR, SA LUPPOLD, WG AF FORBES, CL SINCLAIR, SA LUPPOLD, WG TI WOOD MATERIAL USE IN THE UNITED-STATES FURNITURE INDUSTRY - 1990 TO 1992 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB United States' wood household, upholstered, and wood office furniture manufacturers were sampled to assess the volumes of several raw materials used in wood furniture in 1990, and to predict the volumes to be used in 1991 and 1992. Total hardwood lumber used in wood furniture was estimated at over 2.4 billion board feet in 1990. Use was expected to increase 13 percent from 1990 to 1992. Softwood lumber used in wood furniture in 1990 was estimated at over 839 million board feet. A 6 percent increase in softwood lumber use was expected from 1990 to 1992. Red oak was the most commonly used hardwood species and southern pine was the most used softwood. Wood furniture manufacturers consumed over 1.2 billion ft.2 of particleboard (3/4-in. basis) in 1990, 248 million ft.2 of medium density fiberboard (MDF) (3/4-in. basis), 125 million ft.2 of hardboard (1/8-in. basis), and 318 million ft.2 of OSB/softwood plywood (7/8-in. basis). Furniture manufacturers expected a decrease in particleboard and MDF use, and an increase in hardboard and OSB/softwood plywood use from 1990 to 1992. C1 US FOREST SERV,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP FORBES, CL (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH,CTR FOREST PROD MKT,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR356 UT WOS:A1993LR35600012 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, GB JOHNSON, JD KILLINGER, JM LIAO, SC DAVIS, AO RUBY, MV CHANEY, RL LOVRE, SC BERGSTROM, PD AF FREEMAN, GB JOHNSON, JD KILLINGER, JM LIAO, SC DAVIS, AO RUBY, MV CHANEY, RL LOVRE, SC BERGSTROM, PD TI BIOAVAILABILITY OF ARSENIC IN SOIL IMPACTED BY SMELTER ACTIVITIES FOLLOWING ORAL-ADMINISTRATION IN RABBITS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PTI ENVIRONM SERV,BOULDER,CO 80303. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO,LOS ANGELES,CA 90071. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO,DENVER,CO 80202. RP FREEMAN, GB (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,505 KING AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 15 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1075 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LM171 UT WOS:A1993LM17100012 PM 8365590 ER PT J AU GARDINER, JM COE, EH MELIAHANCOCK, S HOISINGTON, DA CHAO, S AF GARDINER, JM COE, EH MELIAHANCOCK, S HOISINGTON, DA CHAO, S TI DEVELOPMENT OF A CORE RFLP MAP IN MAIZE USING AN IMMORTALIZED-F2 POPULATION SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; B-A TRANSLOCATIONS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; LEAF CELL-TYPES; LINKAGE MAP; ZEA-MAYS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB A map derived from restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in maize (Zea mays L.) is presented. The map was constructed in an immortalized Tx303 X C0159 F2 mapping population that allowed for an unlimited number of markers to be mapped and pooled F3 seed to be distributed to other laboratories. A total of 215 markers consisting of 159 genomic clones, 16 isozymes and 35 cloned genes of defined function have been placed on 10 chromosomes. An examination of segregation data has revealed several genomic regions with aberrant segregation ratios favoring either parent or the heterozygote. Mapping of cloned genes and isozymes that have been previously mapped by functional criteria has provided 29 points of alignment with the classical maize genetic map. Screening of all mapped RFLP probes against a collection of U.S. Corn Belt germplasm using EcoRI, HindIII and EcoRV has resulted in a set of 97 core markers being defined. The designation of a set of core markers allows the maize genome to be subdivided into a series of bins which serve as the backbone for maize genetic information and database boundaries. The merits and applications of core markers and bins are discussed. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. INT MAIZE & WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CTR,MEXICO CITY 06600,DF,MEXICO. NR 80 TC 212 Z9 240 U1 2 U2 11 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 1993 VL 134 IS 3 BP 917 EP 930 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LJ513 UT WOS:A1993LJ51300021 PM 8102344 ER PT J AU MOLINE, HE LOCKE, JC AF MOLINE, HE LOCKE, JC TI COMPARING NEEM SEED OIL WITH CALCIUM-CHLORIDE AND FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROLLING POSTHARVEST APPLE DECAY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STORAGE; ETHYLENE; MALUS-DOMESTICA AB The antifungal properties of a hydrophobic neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed extract (clarified neem oil) were tested against three postharvest apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) pathogens-Botrytis cinerea (pers.) ex Fr. (gray mold), Penicillium expansum Thom. (blue mold rot), and Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld. & Schrenk. (bitter rot). The antifungal activity of neem seed oil also was compared to that of CaCl2. A 2 % aqueous emulsion of the clarified neem seed oil was moderately fungicidal to B. cinerea and G. cingulata in inoculated fruit, but had little activity against P. expansum. Ethylene production was reduced 80 % in fruit dipped in 2 % neem seed oil compared to wounded, inoculated controls. Neem seed oil was as effective an antifungal agent as CaCl2, but the effects of the two combined were not additive. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MOLINE, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1993 VL 28 IS 7 BP 719 EP 720 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LP102 UT WOS:A1993LP10200012 ER PT J AU TISSERAT, B GALLETTA, P AF TISSERAT, B GALLETTA, P TI CONSTRUCTING AN INEXPENSIVE 3-CHANNEL REVERSIBLE PERISTALTIC PUMP SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATION; MULTICHANNEL PUMP; NUTRIENT MEDIUM; TISSUE CULTURE AB Plans are presented for the construction of a three-channel reversible peristaltic pump that can operate at a rate of 45 ml/minute per channel. The cost of this peristaltic pump is about $84 compared to $620 for a commercially available peristaltic pump of similar design and capability. An electronic control scheme for pump operation is presented also. RP TISSERAT, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1993 VL 28 IS 7 BP 744 EP 746 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LP102 UT WOS:A1993LP10200023 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM GRIFFIS, AJ GOODRICH, DC SCHMUGGE, TJ SWIFT, CT ONEILL, PE AF JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM GRIFFIS, AJ GOODRICH, DC SCHMUGGE, TJ SWIFT, CT ONEILL, PE TI SOIL-MOISTURE AND RAINFALL ESTIMATION OVER A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT WITH THE ESTAR MICROWAVE RADIOMETER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMP ( IGARSS 92 ) CY MAY 26-29, 1992 CL LEAGUE CITY, TX SP IEEE, GEOSCI & REMOTE SENSING SOC, UNION RADIO SCI ENGINEERS ID EMISSION AB The application of an airborne electronically steered thinned array L-band radiometer (ESTAR) for soil moisture mapping was investigated over the semiarid rangeland Walnut Gulch Watershed located in southeastern Arizona. During the experiment, antecedent rainfall and evaporation were very different and resulted in a wide range of soil moisture conditions. The high spatial variability of rainfall events within this region resulted in moisture conditions with distinct spatial patterns. Analysis showed a correlation between the decrease in brightness temperature after a rainfall and the amount of rain. The sensor's performance was verified using two approaches. First, the microwave data were used in conjunction with a microwave emission model to predict soil moisture. These predictions were compared to ground observations of soil moisture. A second verification was possible using an extensive data set collected the previous year at the same site with a conventional L-band push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR). Both tests showed that the ESTAR is capable of providing soil moisture with the same level of accuracy as existing systems. ESTAR instruments have the potential to satisfy application data requirements from spaceborne platforms. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MICROWAVE SENSORS BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. KAMAN AEROSP CORP,TUCSON,AZ 85706. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003. USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROL SCI BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; NR 9 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 836 EP 841 DI 10.1109/36.239906 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ME122 UT WOS:A1993ME12200011 ER PT J AU BORCA, MV GARMENDIA, AE BAXT, B MOORE, DM SRIKUMARAN, S AF BORCA, MV GARMENDIA, AE BAXT, B MOORE, DM SRIKUMARAN, S TI CROSS-REACTIVE IDIOTOPES AMONG ANTI-FOOT AND MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION; LOCATION; EPITOPES; PROTEIN; SWINE AB Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) viral protein 1 is the only one of the four viral proteins (VP) that induces neutralizing antibodies as an isolated protein. A 32 amino acid (AA) residue (32dimer) of FMDV subtype A12 Lp ab VP1 (AA 137-168) was immunogenic against the A12 subtype. Three antibody populations each recognizing different epitopes on 32dimer were isolated by affinity chromatography (AFC) from the serum of a steer which had been immunized with the 32dimer. The 32dimer contains an AA sequence that is recognized by a protective paratope carried on a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) (7SF-3.H3.1). Polyclonal anti-7SF-3 idiotype antibodies specifically inhibited the binding activity of one of these anti-32dimer antibody populations suggesting the existence of cross-reactive paratopic-related idiotopes between mAb 7SF-3 and antibodies elicited by the 32dimer. These anti-idiotypic antibodies were used in AFC to purify antibodies from the anti-32dimer serum. The purified antibody population has characteristics that resemble those of the mAb 7SF-3, i.e. its reactivity with FMDV A subtypes in ELISA, radioimmunoassay (RIA), mouse neutralization and its lack of reactivity with a mAb 7SF-3 neutralizing escape virus variant. Furthermore, these antibodies were specifically inhibited by either anti-mAb 7SF-3 idiotypic antibodies or peptides containing the mAb 7SF-3 epitope. Using the same experimental approach, mAb 7SF-3 idiotope-bearing antibodies were shown to be present in serum from bovine and swine convalescent from FMDV A12 Lp ab infection. Thus, the highly immunogenic area between residues 137 and 168 of FMDV VP1 elicited a cross-reactive neutralizing idiotope response conserved amongst several animal species. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP BORCA, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA LP362 UT WOS:A1993LP36200005 PM 8406565 ER PT J AU TALBOT, NC REXROAD, CE PURSEL, VG POWELL, AM NEL, ND AF TALBOT, NC REXROAD, CE PURSEL, VG POWELL, AM NEL, ND TI CULTURING THE EPIBLAST CELLS OF THE PIG BLASTOCYST SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE PIG; EPIBLAST; DIFFERENTIATION; CELL ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; CARCINOMA-CELLS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; ES CELLS; LINES; DIFFERENTIATION; PORCINE; ENDODERM; INVITRO AB Pig epiblast cells that had been separated from other early embryonic cells were cultured in vitro. A three-step dissection protocol was used to isolate the epiblast from trophectoderm and primitive endoderm before culturing. Blastocysts collected at 7 to 8 days postestrus were immunodissected to obtain the inner cell mass (ICM) and destroy trophectodermal cells. The ICM was cultured for 2 to 3 days on STO feeder cells. The epiblast was then physically dissected free of associated primitive endoderm. Epiblast-derived cells, grown on STO feeders, produced colonies of small cells resembling mouse embryonic stem cells. This primary cell morphology changed as the colonies grew and evolved into three distinct colony types (endodermlike, neural rosette, or complex). Cell cultures derived from these three colony types spontaneously differentiated into numerous specialized cell types in STO co-culture. These included fibroblasts, endodermlike cells, neuronlike cells, pigmented cells, adipogenic cells, contracting muscle cells, dome-forming epithelium, ciliated epithelium, tubule-forming epithelium, and a round amoeboid cell type resembling a plasmacyte after Wright staining. The neuronlike cells, contracting muscle cells, and tubule-forming epithelium had normal karyotypes and displayed finite or undefined life spans upon long-term STO co-culture. The dome-forming epithelium had an indefinite life span in STO co-culture and also retained a normal karyotype. These results demonstrate the in vitro pluripotency of pig epiblast cells and indicate the epiblast can be a source for deriving various specialized cell cultures or cell lines. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 200,RM 6,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. POULTRY SCI INST,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 42 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29A IS 7 BP 543 EP 554 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA LR944 UT WOS:A1993LR94400007 PM 8354665 ER PT J AU DAVIS, DG OLSON, PA AF DAVIS, DG OLSON, PA TI ORGANOGENESIS IN LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA L) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE EUPHORBIA; LEAFY SPURGE; AUXINS; CYTOKININS; GROWTH REGULATORS; HERBICIDES; ORGANOGENESIS ID INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID; TISSUES; RELEASE AB All parts of leafy spurge seedlings can be regenerated when isolated and placed onto B5 medium. One-centimeter isolated hypocotyl segments were tested successfully for their usefulness as a bioassay system by comparing the response of auxins, herbicides, and cytokinins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was the most effective auxin to stimulate root formation. IAA was effective whether the hypocotyl segments remained on the same medium up to 60 days, or the segments were transferred to basal media after 2 or 5 days (pulse treatment). Pulse treatments with the other auxins resulted in stimulation of root formation; continuous or 5-day pulses of higher concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid, alpha-naphthalene-acetic acid and especially 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and picloram formed excessive callus instead of roots. Picloram did not stimulate root formation, whether the treatment was continuous or pulse-treated. No roots formed with continuous picloram at 0.1 mg/liter or greater, but transfer to basal media did result in root and shoot formation at about 50% of the number formed on the controls. Lesser picloram concentrations had no effect. Shoots formed readily on untreated (control) segments, but continuous treatment with all three cytokinins, kinetin, zeatin, and zeatin riboside, increased the numbers of shoots about equally. Root formation was inhibited by the cytokinins at the higher concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 mg/liter). With the exception of a 5-day pulse of 0.04 mg/liter IAA, the auxins did not stimulate shoot formation, but generally inhibited shoot formation, even in pulse-treated cultures. RP DAVIS, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29P IS 3 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA LP495 UT WOS:A1993LP49500001 ER PT J AU BUCKNER, JS OTTO, PE NEWMAN, SM GRAF, G AF BUCKNER, JS OTTO, PE NEWMAN, SM GRAF, G TI XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE IN THE FAT-BODY OF MANDUCA-SEXTA - PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AND LEVELS DURING THE LAST LARVAL INSTAR SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOBACCO HORNWORM; URIC ACID; URATE; STORAGE; GRANULE; ENZYME PURIFICATION; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY ID URIC-ACID STORAGE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TOBACCO HORNWORMS; PROTEIN; TRANSFORMATION; LEPIDOPTERA; GRANULES; CECROPIA AB Xanthine dehydrogenase was isolated and purified from the fat body of fifth instar tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta (L.) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephacryl S-400 gel filtration, QAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and reactive blue-2 Sepharose affinity chromatography. The preparation appeared homogeneous following analysis by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and rocket and crossed immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antiserum against purified xanthine dehydrogenase. The molecular weight of native xanthine dehydrogenase was estimated at about 300,000 while SDS-PAGE indicated that the enzyme consisted of two 158,000 mol. wt subunits. Kinetic analyses revealed high affinities for xanthine and hypoxanthine as substrates. Electron acceptors (cofactors) included NAD+, as well as the dyes, p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet and nitro blue tetrazolium. A broad pH optimum was observed between pH 7 and 10, and xanthine dehydrogenase was competitively inhibited by allopurinol and irreversibly inhibited by the sulfhydryl inhibitor, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The levels of xanthine dehydrogenase in fat body extracts from fifth instar larvae, as determined by both enzyme assay and immunoelectrophoresis, decreased from days 1 to 5. Ultra-structural analysis of day 3 larval fat body cells by immunocytochemical techniques, using colloidal gold staining, revealed that xanthine dehydrogenase was specifically located either within urate storage vacuoles or near the basal lamina of the cells. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BUCKNER, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 549 EP 559 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90028-Q PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LJ465 UT WOS:A1993LJ46500002 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP BOWERS, DF AF VALAITIS, AP BOWERS, DF TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE SOLUBLE MIDGUT TREHALASE FROM THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; MIDGUT TREHALASE; PURIFICATION; KINETICS; MOLECULAR PROPERTIES; INHIBITION ID AMERICAN COCKROACH; BOMBYX-MORI; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; INTESTINAL TREHALASE; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL GENE; RABBIT KIDNEY; ACTIVE-SITE; SILKWORM; ENZYMES AB The midgut trehalase (THA) from fifth instar Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larvae was purified to homogeneity by two separate methods: gel filtration followed by Rotofor preparative IEF, and affinity chromatography on trehalose coupled to Sepharose 6B followed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Midgut THA from the last stadium L. dispar larvae existed mainly in soluble form and displayed a single band of activity in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels when stained by a THA-specific staining procedure. Analytical IEF of purified midgut THA revealed a single protein band with an apparent pI of 4.6. SDS-PAGE and gel permeation studies indicated that the smallest active form of THA in the late fifth instar larval midgut was a monomeric protein with an approximate size of 60 kDa. A specific activity of 67 units/mg of protein at 30-degrees-C and at pH 6.4 was determined for the enzyme purified by affinity chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. The midgut enzyme exhibited a very high substrate specificity with a K(m) of 0.4 mM for trehalose. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 5.4-6.0 and was thermally stable at temperatures up to 65-degrees-C. The midgut THA was insensitive to inhibition by a high concentration of Tris, sucrose, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside or phloridzin. Divalent cations, metal ions, hypertrehalosaemic hormone and octopamine had no significant effect on the activity of the purified enzyme in vitro. The purified enzyme was inactivated by modification with DEP and was competitively inhibited by castanospermine with an apparent K(i) of 0.8 x 10(-6) M at pH 6.4. RP VALAITIS, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90033-O PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LJ465 UT WOS:A1993LJ46500007 PM 8353520 ER PT J AU VICK, CB LARSSON, PC MAHLBERG, RL SIMONSON, R ROWELL, RM AF VICK, CB LARSSON, PC MAHLBERG, RL SIMONSON, R ROWELL, RM TI STRUCTURAL BONDING OF ACETYLATED SCANDINAVIAN SOFTWOODS FOR EXTERIOR LUMBER LAMINATES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE ACETYLATED WOOD; ADHESIVE BONDING; PINUS-SILVESTRIS L; PICEA-ABIES KARST; SHEAR STRENGTH; DELAMINATION; RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE; PHENOL-RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE; CROSS-LINKING POLYVINYL ACETATE; EMULSION POLYMER-ISOCYANATE AB The bonding properties of a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF), a crosslinking polyvinyl acetate (PVAX) and an emulsion polymer-isocyanate (EPI) adhesive were determined in laminates of acetylated and unmodified Scandinavian pine (Pinus silvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.). The effects of different degrees of acetylation in adjacent laminae were also examined. The effectiveness of adhesion was determined by measuring delamination after three cycles of vacuum-pressure soaking in water and drying, and by measuring shear strength and wood failure in dry and water-saturated conditions. Acetylation stabilized laminates so that essentially no stress fracturing developed in the wood during severe cyclic delamination tests. Bonds to acetylated and unmodified wood with RF and PRF adhesives resisted delamination well, whether adjacent laminae were of equal or unequal degrees of acetylation. Acetylation affected adhesion of both adhesives as indicated by lower percentages of wood failure after water saturation. The PVAX adhesive also resisted delamination well in acetylated wood so long as individual laminae had equal acetyl content. Acetylated laminates with PVAX effectively resisted stress fracturing near bondlines and within the wood, but the unmodified laminates fractured severely. The EPI adhesive bonded the unmodified laminates so well that no delamination and remarkably little stress fracturing developed during cyclic delamination tests. Acetylation affected adhesion of the EPI adhesive as indicated by low wood failure in wet shear tests, however, shear strength and wood failure were high in acetylated wood in the dry condition. C1 CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT FOREST PROD & CHEM ENGN,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. VTT,CTR TECH RES,FOREST PROD LAB,ESPOO,FINLAND. RP VICK, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0143-7496(93)90035-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA LN946 UT WOS:A1993LN94600001 ER PT J AU WHITCOMB, RF CHASTEL, C ABALAINCOLLOC, M STEVENS, C TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HENEGAR, RB HACKETT, KJ CLARK, TB KONAI, M WILLIAMSON, DL AF WHITCOMB, RF CHASTEL, C ABALAINCOLLOC, M STEVENS, C TULLY, JG ROSE, DL CARLE, P BOVE, JM HENEGAR, RB HACKETT, KJ CLARK, TB KONAI, M WILLIAMSON, DL TI SPIROPLASMA-CANTHARICOLA SP-NOV, FROM CANTHARID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CANTHARIDAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITOS; FRANCE; MOLLICUTES; GENUS AB Spiroplasma strain CC-1T, isolated from the gut of the soldier beetle Cantharis carolinus, was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups. Cells of strain CC-1T were shown by light microscopy to be helical, motile filaments. Electron microscopy showed that the cells were bounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane, with no evidence of a cell wall. The organism was insensitive to penicillin. Strain CC-1T grew well in SM-1, M1D, and SP-4 liquid media under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The strain also grew in 1% serum fraction medium. Optimal growth occurred at 32-degrees-C, with a doubling time of 2.6 h, but the strain muitiplied at temperatures of 10 to 37-degrees-C. Strain CC-1T produced acid from glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content of the DNA was 26 +/- 1 mol%. Other uncloned isolates from C. carolinus exhibited similar or identical serological patterns. On the basis of the data presented here, strain CC-1T (= ATCC 43207), previously proposed as the representative strain of subgroup XVI-1, is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma cantharicola. C1 INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. TUSKEGEE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. SUNY,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. FAC MED BREST,F-29285 BREST,FRANCE. RP WHITCOMB, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM382 UT WOS:A1993LM38200004 ER PT J AU ROSE, DL TULLY, JG BOVE, JM WHITCOMB, RF AF ROSE, DL TULLY, JG BOVE, JM WHITCOMB, RF TI A TEST FOR MEASURING GROWTH-RESPONSES OF MOLLICUTES TO SERUM AND POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; FIELD ELECTROPHORESIS; ACHOLEPLASMA; CLASSIFICATION; REQUIREMENT; MYCOPLASMAS; SURFACES; FLOWERS AB A test is described that is useful for characterizing mollicutes in terms of the ability to maintain growth in medium containing 15 to 20% fetal bovine serum or in serum-free media with or without 0.04% Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan). Representative Acholeplasma species maintained growth in serum-free medium, and about half of the strains tested grew well in Tween 80-supplemented medium. Representative Mycoplasma and Entomoplasma species did not maintain growth in either serum-free medium alone or when Tween 80 was added. Spiroplasma species and group representatives generally failed to sustain growth in serum-free medium with or without Tween 80, but at least four of the spiroplasmas tested maintained growth in serum-free medium. The representative Mesoplasma species grew in serum-free media only when Tween 80 was added, as did Mycoplasma lactucae. Although the test has obvious determinative uses for members of the class Mollicutes, it does not supplant the conventional methodology for assaying the cholesterol requirements of these organisms. C1 NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 527 EP 532 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM382 UT WOS:A1993LM38200019 PM 8347511 ER PT J AU TULLY, JG BOVE, JM LAIGRET, F WHITCOMB, RF AF TULLY, JG BOVE, JM LAIGRET, F WHITCOMB, RF TI REVISED TAXONOMY OF THE CLASS MOLLICUTES - PROPOSED ELEVATION OF A MONOPHYLETIC CLUSTER OF ARTHROPOD-ASSOCIATED MOLLICUTES TO ORDINAL RANK (ENTOMOPLASMATALES ORD-NOV), WITH PROVISION FOR FAMILIAL RANK TO SEPARATE SPECIES WITH NONHELICAL MORPHOLOGY (ENTOMOPLASMATACEAE FAM-NOV) FROM HELICAL SPECIES (SPIROPLASMATACEAE), AND EMENDED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ORDER MYCOPLASMATALES, FAMILY MYCOPLASMATACEAE (VOL 43, PG 383, 1993) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TULLY, JG (reprint author), NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 630 EP 630 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM382 UT WOS:A1993LM38200036 ER PT J AU WU, YV AF WU, YV TI PROTEIN ISOLATE FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL HIGH-PROTEIN WHEAT AND FLOUR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TURGIDUM VAR DICOCCOIDES; INHERITANCE; COMPONENTS AB An experimental high-protein (25 % protein, N x 5.7 dry basis) spring wheat (ND 643) and flour from that wheat were used to make protein isolate by alkaline extraction. Optimal extraction of protein was at pH 10.7 in 0.03 N sodium hydroxide with a solvent:solid ratio of 6:1. The alkaline extract after centrifugation was adjusted to optimal pH of 6.2 to yield a precipitate and a supernatant. Bran was separated from starch by screening the second alkaline dispersion. The protein contents of the isolates from ground wheat and flour were 90 and 95 %, respectively, and accounted for 65 and 68 % of the total nitrogen of the starting wheat and flour. Yields of protein isolate were 18 and 16 %, respectively, of starting high-protein wheat and flour compared with 10 % of starting wheat and flour from a typical hard red winter wheat. Protein isolate had a nitrogen solubility of 96 % at pH 2.6 and a minimum solubility of 5.7 % at pH 5.8, a hydration capacity of 2.5, an emulsifying activity of 51 %, and an emulsion stability of 50 %. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1048 EP 1052 DI 10.1021/jf00031a006 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LP135 UT WOS:A1993LP13500006 ER PT J AU LOCKE, MA AF LOCKE, MA TI SUPERCRITICAL CO2 FLUID EXTRACTION OF FLUOMETURON HERBICIDE FROM SOIL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX MATRICES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EFFICIENCY; METHANOL; RESIDUES AB Soil was treated with C-14-ring-labeled fluometuron [NN-dimethyl-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ureal (0.516 and 5.16 mumol g-1), air-dried, and stored for 6 months at 5-degrees-C. The C-14 was then extracted from soil with methanol by conventional extraction (twice with MeOH/H2O 80:20 v/v; 2:1 extract/soil v/w) and with CO2 using a supercritical fluid extractor. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method development included adding modifiers and varying CO2 fluid density, extraction temperature, sample mass, and extraction time. Adding H2O to modify the sample was the single most effective variable which improved recovery. Extraction temperatures above 50-degrees-C lowered recovery, presumably because of thermal instability of fluometuron. The optiMUM CO2 density at 50-degrees-C was 0.80 g mL-1. Static extraction times greater than 6 min and dynamic extraction times greater than 18 min did not significantly improve recovery. Recovery using optimum SFE conditions was comparable to that obtained using conventional methods. Extraction of aged field samples indicated that this technology can also be used to extract some common fluometuron metabolites. RP LOCKE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1081 EP 1084 DI 10.1021/jf00031a013 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LP135 UT WOS:A1993LP13500013 ER PT J AU SHELTON, DR SADEGHI, AM ISENSEE, AR AF SHELTON, DR SADEGHI, AM ISENSEE, AR TI ESTIMATION OF GRANULAR CARBOFURAN DISSOLUTION RATES IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; INSECTICIDES; HISTORIES; MOISTURE; FIELDS AB Losses of efficacy are due to rates of microbial degradation which exceed rates of granular leaching/dissolution, resulting in carbofuran concentrations below the lethal threshold needed for rootworm control. Previous studies have documented enhanced rates of carbofuran biodegradation and concentrations required for corn rootworm control; however, little information is available on rates of release of carbofuran from granules. Rates of carbofuran leaching from granules as a function of rainfall intensity/infiltration rate, and of granular dissolution as a function of time, were estimated using a rain simulation device. Rates of leaching (1.5 mug (mg of granule)-1 (cm of rainfall)-1) were positively correlated with rainfall/infiltration, and rates of granular dissolution were linear with time(0.28 mug (mg of granule)-1 h-1). Adjusted for field conditions, ca. 50 h of rainfall would be required to leach carbofuran from granules or ca. 11 days (at field capacity) for dissolution of granules (assuming linear rates). Soil solution concentrations would be ca. 16 mug mL-1, or 4 mug (g of bulk soil)-l (at field capacity and a partition coefficient of 0.1). Rates of spherical carbofuran diffusion from a theoretical granule were calculated. High carbofuran concentrations in the vicinity of granules may result in localized high population densities of carbofuran-degrading microorganisms. In combination with previous studies, these data suggest that losses of efficacy may potentially result either from the complete leaching/dissolution of granules and biodegradation before larvae hatch or from rates of biodegradation which exceed rates of granular leaching/dissolution after larvae hatch. RP SHELTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.1021/jf00031a024 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LP135 UT WOS:A1993LP13500024 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JR TANAKA, DL HERBEL, KL AF WILLIAMS, JR TANAKA, DL HERBEL, KL TI FARM VALUE OF TOPSOIL IN SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE RISK; SOIL EROSION; TOPSOIL VALUE; WHEAT ID EROSION AB Relationships among topsoil removal treatments and additions of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on spring wheat yields are used to determine the effects on net returns and to estimate the marginal value of soil. The results indicate that risk-averse managers are not willing to make an expenditure for controlling erosion from the first 2.5 inches of soil if the erosion mte is 20 tons/acre/year or less and the planning horizon is 20 years or less. These managers would be willing to make an erosion control investment for the second 2.5 inches of soil equivalent to $4.90 to $5.20/acre from the twenty-first to forty-third year in the planning horizon. C1 USDA,ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES LAB,MANDAN,ND. RP WILLIAMS, JR (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGR ECON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 18 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA LX811 UT WOS:A1993LX81100010 ER PT J AU PELEG, K AF PELEG, K TI COMPARISON OF NONDESTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF APPLE FIRMNESS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP PELEG, K (reprint author), TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT AGR ENGN,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 55 IS 3 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1006/jaer.1993.1046 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LP126 UT WOS:A1993LP12600005 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, JB CATANGUI, MA THOMAS, GD BOXLER, DJ DAVIS, R AF CAMPBELL, JB CATANGUI, MA THOMAS, GD BOXLER, DJ DAVIS, R TI EFFECTS OF STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) AND HEAT-STRESS ON WEIGHT-GAIN AND FEED CONVERSION OF FEEDER CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STABLE FLIES; HEAT STRESS; FEEDER CATTLE PERFORMANCE; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS ID EFFICIENCY AB Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and heat stress are known to affect feeder cattle weight gains. This study was conducted to determine if a combination of heat stress and stable flies would create a synergistic or additive effect on weight gain performance of feeder cattle. In year 1, neither a 3-degrees-C increase in temperature coupled with an increase of 6% relative humidity nor an average of 6 stable flies per leg effected feeder cattle weight gains but a combination of the two treatments did reduce weight gains significantly (P < 0.05). In year 2, treatments of a 2-degrees-C increase in temperature coupled with a 10% relative humidity, an average of 13 stable flies per leg, and a combination of the two treatments all significantly reduced feeder cattle weight gain (P < 0.05). C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECT RES LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP CAMPBELL, JB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA LQ742 UT WOS:A1993LQ74200002 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ AF LIQUIDO, NJ TI REDUCTION OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) POPULATIONS IN PAPAYA ORCHARDS BY FIELD SANITATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; DACUS; SANITATION; SUPPRESSION; PEST MANAGEMENT ID INFESTATION RATES; HAWAIIAN PAPAYAS; RIPENESS; INDEX AB The effect of field sanitation in suppressing oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, populations in 'Sunrise' papaya (Carica papaya L.) orchards was determined by comparing larval density and percentage infestation in mature green to fully ripe fruits sampled from fields with and without cultural practice of sanitation. In addition, the relative density of adults estimated using methyl eugenol-baited traps was compared between orchards with and without sanitation. Sanitation involved removal of ripe fruits on trees and on the ground twice a week. The orchards without sanitation had an irregular harvesting pattern which resulted in abundant ripe fruits on trees and fallen, rotting fruits on the ground. Mature green fruits had no oriental fruit fly infestation; infestation was observed only in half- and fully-ripe fruits. Oriental fruit fly larval infestation (density and percent infested fruit) was lower in half- and fully-ripe fruits collected from the fields where sanitation was practiced. Likewise, the relative density of oriental fruit fly adults was lower in the orchards with sanitation. Field sanitation should, therefore, be an integral component of pest management methods aimed at suppressing oriental fruit fly population in papaya orchards. RP LIQUIDO, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,BIOCONTROL BIOL ECOL & FIELD OPERAT RES UNIT,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA LQ742 UT WOS:A1993LQ74200003 ER PT J AU MILLER, RW PICKENS, LG POTTS, WE AF MILLER, RW PICKENS, LG POTTS, WE TI COMPARISON OF TRAPS AND AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM TO MANAGE HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON DAIRY FARMS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA LINNAEUS; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (LINNAEUS); INSECTICIDAL TRAPS; BAIT TRAPS; MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; HYMENOPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE AB A 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate methods of controlling house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), on dairy farms in Maryland. In 1988 an integrated program which included the use of baited house fly traps, release of the parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor (Girault and Sanders), and calf pen clean-out reduced the number of house flies, but not stable flies. Pyramid wooden base traps treated with tralomethrin placed at strategic locations on dairy farms reduced the number of stable flies, but not house flies. During 1989, a combination trap designed to capture both house flies and stable flies failed to reduce populations of either species. These results emphasize the importance of an integrated approach for house fly control, especially a component that reduces the number of immature stages that reach adulthood. RP MILLER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA LQ742 UT WOS:A1993LQ74200007 ER PT J AU RITCHEY, KD IRIZARRY, H AF RITCHEY, KD IRIZARRY, H TI LEACHING OF MG FERTILIZERS IN PUERTO-RICAN ULTISOLS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article AB Laboratory experiments, using disturbed soil columns, were performed to determine solubility and downward movement of surface-applied magnesium fertilizers in three Puerto Rican Ultisols. Leaching of Mg from surface-applied granular magnesium oxide fertilizers was much slower than leaching from Epsom salts and potassium-magnesium sulfate. The inclusion of ammonium sulfate in the MgO fertilizer band resulted in solubilization of Mg from the MgO and allowed greater movement into the soil profile. When ammonium sulfate was applied with MgO, 85% of the Mg dissolved and moved deep into the profile, whereas with MgO applied alone only 15% of the Mg moved. However, in the presence of high concentrations of ammonium sulfate, the extent of Mg leaching through the soil was greater than where soluble magnesium fertilizer was applied without ammonium sulfate. Urea had a lesser solubilizing effect on MgO, and potassium chloride and triple superphosphate were ineffective. RP RITCHEY, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 167 EP 180 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA ND154 UT WOS:A1993ND15400008 ER PT J AU KREIKEMEIER, KK UNRUH, JA AF KREIKEMEIER, KK UNRUH, JA TI CARCASS TRAITS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF DARK CUTTERS IN PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT FEEDLOT HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HEIFERS; CARCASSES; PREGNANCY; DARK CUTTING MEAT ID GRAVID BOVINE UTERUS; STEROID-SECRETION; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; CUTTING BEEF; YOUNG BULLS; BLOOD-FLOW; MUSCLE; COLOR AB The objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of dark cutters and selected carcass traits differ between pregnant and nonpregnant feedlot heifers. Feedlot heifers (n = 8,292) were identified at slaughter as being either nonpregnant, pregnant with a moderate-sized fetus (midgestation), or pregnant with a large fetus (late gestation). This was based on visual appraisal of a gravid uterus at the evisceration table. After chilling (24 to 72 h), carcass data were collected. Cattle originated from 23 different commercial feedyards located within a 350-km radius of a commercial slaughter facility located in southwest Kansas. Across slaughter lots, the incidence of pregnancy varied from 0 to 25% with an overall mean of 4.74%. Carcass traits of heifers with moderate or large fetuses did not differ (P > .15). Compared with carcasses from nonpregnant heifers, carcasses from pregnant heifers were 4.5 kg lighter (P < .01), had .11 cm more fat thickness (P < .01), and exceeded the number of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime by 6% (P < .01). Carcasses from pregnant heifers had higher maturity scores (P < .01) and there was no incidence of dark cutters (P < .01) compared with a 1.7% incidence of dark cutters in carcasses from nonpregnant heifers. Any economical advantage in the pregnant heifers due to their higher percentage of Choice carcasses and lower incidence of dark cutters may be offset by their increased carcass fat thickness and lower dressing percentage. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KREIKEMEIER, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1699 EP 1703 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LL236 UT WOS:A1993LL23600004 PM 8349497 ER PT J AU SIMS, PL AF SIMS, PL TI COW WEIGHTS AND REPRODUCTION ON NATIVE RANGELAND AND NATIVE RANGELAND-COMPLEMENTARY FORAGE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; EFFICIENCY; GENOTYPE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION ID FEMALES; BRAHMAN; CATTLE; BIRTH AB Replicated cow herds of 15 Angus x Hereford (AH) and 15 Brahman x Hereford (BH) F1 cows each were placed on native rangeland (NR) or native rangeland-complementary forage (NRCF) systems. The NR was 8.1 ha of sagebrush-mixed prairie per cow-calf unit and the NRCF used the same mixed prairie complemented by .4 ha of double-cropped winter wheat and summer annual forage replacing about 30% of the mixed prairie for each cow unit. Calving seasons, spring for NR and fall for NRCF, were selected to complement the respective forage systems. Cow weights, reproductive performance, and population demographics were measured through seven calf crops to investigate their relationship to forage systems and cow breed types. Seasonal average cow weights increased from 484 +/- 7 (SE) kg during calf crop 1 to a peak weight of 568 +/- 8 kg at calf crop 5. Average weight of AH cows was 514 +/- 3 kg, compared with 539 +/- 3 kg for the BH cows (P < .01). Angus x Hereford and BH cows were 38 and 44 kg heavier, respectively, on the NRCF system than on the NR system. The average percentage of reproduction for AH cows was 90 +/- 2%, compared with 87 +/- 2% for the BH cows (P < .13). Both breeds had approximately 87 (AH) to 89% (BH) reproductive rate on the NR system. In contrast, AH cows had 94 +/- 2% reproduction on the NRCF system, compared with 84 +/- 2% for the BH cows. Both forage systems seemed appropriate for the breed types investigated and neither system caused either of the breeds of cows to have reduced size, markedly lower birth rates, or excessive mortality rates. Both systems were useful for grazing the Southern Plains mixed-grass prairie and the associated complementary forages. RP SIMS, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1704 EP 1711 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LL236 UT WOS:A1993LL23600005 PM 8349498 ER PT J AU VESETH, DA REYNOLDS, WL URICK, JJ NELSEN, TC SHORT, RE KRESS, DD AF VESETH, DA REYNOLDS, WL URICK, JJ NELSEN, TC SHORT, RE KRESS, DD TI PATERNAL HALF-SIB HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION ESTIMATES FROM RANDOMLY SELECTED HEREFORD CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; CARCASS; BEEF BULLS; RANDOM SELECTION; GENETIC PARAMETERS ID CARCASS TRAITS; BEEF-CATTLE; PARAMETERS; GROWTH; WEIGHT; BULLS; HERD AB Growth and carcass data were collected during 10 yr at the Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory in Miles City, MT from a Hereford herd selected at random. The objective was to compare genetic parameter estimates from this randomly selected herd with estimates from published selection studies. Only bulls were included in the data set. Bulls were slaughtered between 14 and 17 mo of age. Genetic parameters were estimated by the paternal half-sib procedure. Data were subdivided into three subgroups: 1) all bulls that had birth weights, 2) bulls with complete records for growth traits, and 3) bulls with complete carcass and growth records. The heritability estimate for birth weight on 736 progeny from 86 sires was .18. The second group included 616 progeny representing 85 sires and heritability estimates were weaning weight, .17; daily gain from birth to weaning, .20; final test weight, .42; and daily gain on test, .47. The third group included 401 progeny from 75 sires and heritability estimates were carcass weight, .38; longissimus muscle area, .51; marbling, .31.; slaughter weight, .42; and dressing percentage, .25. Thus, these estimates of heritability were in quite good agreement with previously published values, with a tendency for these estimates to be lower for early growth weights. Phenotypic and environmental correlations were in good agreement and genetic correlations were in general agreement with the data reviewed. Estimates of heritabilities from this herd selected at random were not larger than previous estimates from selected herds. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP VESETH, DA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1730 EP 1736 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LL236 UT WOS:A1993LL23600008 PM 8349500 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ AF YOUNG, LD POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ TI DIRECT AND CORRELATED RESPONSES TO DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR SERUM-CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION ON DAY 56 IN SWINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SELECTION; CHOLESTEROL; PIGS ID REALIZED HERITABILITIES; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; PIGS; LIPOPROTEIN; GROWTH; MICE AB Divergent selection for serum cholesterol concentration on d 56 was practiced in a four-breed, composite population for three generations. High and Low lines, representing high and low levels of serum cholesterol, respectively, were each maintained with approximately 10 males and 25 females per generation. Pigs from a contemporary Control line were evaluated only in the last generation. In the last generation, mean serum cholesterol concentration was significantly different among lines (107.1, 85.6, and 65.5 mg/dL for High, Control, and Low lines, respectively). Realized heritability was .31, .33, and .31 for high, low, and divergent selection (SE = .03), respectively. Terminal evaluation indicated that average birth and weaning (28 d of age) weight was lower (P < .05) for Low pigs (1.25 and 6.25 kg, respectively) than for High pigs (1.43 and 7.10 kg, respectively) and was intermediate for Control pigs (1.34 and 6.53 kg, respectively). At 56 d of age, High (15.1 kg) and Control (13.5 kg) pigs were heavier (P < .05) than Low pigs (11.9 kg). However, pigs sampled after 56 d did not differ (P > .05) in average daily gain, 164-d weight, feed consumption, or feed efficiency. Serum cholesterol concentration at 165 d of age was significantly different among lines (110.1, 98.5, and 85.6 mg/dL for High, Control, and Low pigs, respectively), although differences were smaller than at 56 d of age. When slaughtered at approximately 106 kg (188 to 195 d of age), Low pigs had significantly shorter carcasses than High and Control pigs (77.5 vs 78.7 and 78.9 cm, respectively). Low pigs had significantly more fat at the first rib (5.70 vs 5.28 cm) than High pigs. Lines did not differ significantly for fat thickness at the last rib, last lumbar vertebrae or 10th rib, or for longissimus muscle area. At 60 d of gestation, ovulation rate, measured as number of corpora lutea, was lower (P < .05) for High (9.84 eggs) than for Low (11.79 eggs) or Control (11.17 eggs) gilts. Differences in ovulation rate were reflected in smaller but nonsignificant differences in number of fetuses (7.97, 9.00, and 8.55 fetuses for High, Low, and Control, respectively). RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1742 EP 1753 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LL236 UT WOS:A1993LL23600010 PM 8349502 ER PT J AU MAIORANO, G MCCORMICK, RJ FIELD, RA SNOWDER, G AF MAIORANO, G MCCORMICK, RJ FIELD, RA SNOWDER, G TI INTRAMUSCULAR COLLAGEN CHARACTERISTICS OF RAM, WETHER, AND ZERANOL-IMPLANTED RAM LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; COLLAGEN; RAMS; WETHERS; TENDERNESS; ZERANOL ID 4 SLAUGHTER AGES; III COLLAGEN; BOVINE MUSCLES; HYDROXYPYRIDINIUM CROSSLINKS; SERUM HYDROXYPROLINE; MEAT TENDERNESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; YOUNG BULLS; QUANTITATION; TESTOSTERONE AB Eighteen spring-born Columbia ram, wether, and zeranol-implanted ram lambs were studied to determine the influence of castration or zeranol implants on intramuscular collagen (IMC) properties and muscle shear force values. Warner-Bratzler shear force values for longissimus muscle were greatest for ram lambs, intermediate for implanted rams, and least for wethers (P < .05). Nonreducible collagen crosslink concentration was greater in IMC of rams and implanted rams (P < .05). The IMC from rams compared with that from wethers contained proportionately more Type III than Type I collagen (P < .05); values for implanted rams were intermediate. Heat-soluble muscle collagen concentration was greater for rams and implanted rams than for wethers (P < .05); however, insoluble collagen concentration did not differ by treatment. Muscle collagen concentrations were not different for rams, wethers, or implanted rams. Increased shear force values in rams were associated with elevated collagen crosslink concentration and increased proportion of Type III collagen. Greater concentration of soluble collagen in ram IMC neither diminished nor diluted IMC crosslinking. The proportion of heat-labile collagen in the fractions did not reflect the IMC crosslinking profile for ram and wether lambs. Zeranol implantation modified IMC characteristics of rams such that shear force values and some collagen properties were similar to those of wethers. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. OI MAIORANO, Giuseppe/0000-0001-5195-5470 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1817 EP 1822 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LL236 UT WOS:A1993LL23600020 PM 8349509 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB AF REEVES, JB TI INFLUENCE OF WATER ON THE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA OF MODEL COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SILAGE AB The application of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to high-moisture samples (i.e., silages) has shown that accuracy does not match that of dried materials. Examination of spectra does not indicate absorbance levels to be the problem. The objective of this effort was to determine the effect of water on the spectra of model compounds. Near infrared spectra were taken using a Digi-Lab FTS-65 Fourier transform spectrometer. Liquids were examined by transmission and solids by reflectance. Examination of organic acids, alcohols, ketones, amines, and amides showed that the presence of water causes shifts in spectral wavelengths not related to OH or NH groups. The most significant shifts were for alcohols and ketones (up to 10+ nm at 90% H2O) and least for acids. These peak shifts increased with increasing amounts of water and varied within individual spectra and among the compounds tested. As solids, sugars and amino acids had many sharp peaks in their spectra. As solutions, however, the sharp spectral features disappeared, resulting in large broad peaks. The spectra of polymers such as starch, cellulose, and casein did not appear to be significantly altered by the presence of water (0-50%, w/w), although they often appear to alter the water spectra. Variations in water content, physical state, and concentrations of components, when combined with these results, may help explain the decrease in accuracy of NIRS determinations that occurs with high-moisture samples. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUMINANT NUTRIENT LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 741 EP 748 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR821 UT WOS:A1993LR82100008 ER PT J AU BICSAK, RC AF BICSAK, RC TI COMPARISON OF KJELDAHL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CRUDE PROTEIN IN CEREAL-GRAINS AND OILSEEDS WITH GENERIC COMBUSTION METHOD - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Seven laboratories participated in a collaborative study to extend the applicability of the AOAC generic combustion method for determination of crude protein in animal feed (990.03) to include determination in cereal grains and oilseeds. In the study, method 990.03 was compared with the AOAC mercury catalyst Kjeldahl method for determination of protein in grains (979.09) and crude protein in animal feed (954.01). The study also evaluated the effect on the results of fineness of grind. For determination of crude protein in grains and oilseeds by the combustion method, standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.10 to 0.37 and from 0.25 to 0.54, respectively, and relative standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.77 to 2.57% and from 1.24 to 3.15%, respectively. The combustion method was adopted first action by AOAC International for determination of crude protein in cereal grains and oilseeds containing 0.220% nitrogen. RP BICSAK, RC (reprint author), USDA,FED GRAIN INSPECT SERV,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE & RES,POB 20285,KANSAS CITY,MO 64195, USA. NR 5 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 780 EP 786 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR821 UT WOS:A1993LR82100013 ER PT J AU KING, JW HOPPER, ML LUCHTEFELD, RG TAYLOR, SL ORTON, WL AF KING, JW HOPPER, ML LUCHTEFELD, RG TAYLOR, SL ORTON, WL TI OPTIMIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR THE SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF PESTICIDE-RESIDUES FROM GRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FLUID EXTRACTION; SEPARATION; HERBICIDES; PRODUCTS; TRENDS; SYSTEM AB The efficiency of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system was investigated for the extraction at different pressures and temperatures of fortified grain samples containing organochlorine, organophosphorus, and organonitrogen pesticides from grain matrixes. The extractor unit was constructed using a gas booster pump and a Florisil sorbent trap for extracting and isolating the residues of interest. Using 20 g samples, extractions were performed between 40-degrees and 80-degrees-C with pressures from 2000 to 10 000 psig. In most cases, pesticide recoveries exceeding 80% were recorded over the above range of temperature and pressure. Excellent recoveries and precision were recorded for an incurred methyl chlorpyrifos residue at the 0.043 ppm level. An improved liquid chromatographic assay was also developed for the analysis of carbofuran in grain samples. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 857 EP 864 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR821 UT WOS:A1993LR82100024 ER PT J AU SNYDER, JM KING, JW ROWE, LD WOERNER, JA AF SNYDER, JM KING, JW ROWE, LD WOERNER, JA TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF POULTRY TISSUES CONTAINING INCURRED PESTICIDE-RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ACCUMULATION; HENS; FAT AB A method using supercritical carbon dioxide to extract fat from poultry tissue was developed. Tissues used in this study were peritoneal fat, breast tissue, leg and thigh tissue, and liver from chickens fed rations containing heptachlor, dieldrin, and endrin. The fat was isolated from the peritoneal tissue by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and by thermal rendering. The fat was removed from the breast tissue, leg and thigh tissue, and liver by SFE and solvent extraction. The results indicate that recoveries of organochlorine pesticide from the peritoneal, breast, leg, and thigh tissues by SFE extraction are equivalent to those obtained by conventional extraction methods. The pesticide recoveries by SFE extraction of the liver were higher than those obtained by solvent extraction. C1 USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77841. RP SNYDER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 888 EP 892 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR821 UT WOS:A1993LR82100027 ER PT J AU ALI, MS WHITE, JD BAKOWSKI, RS STAPLETON, NK WILLIAMS, KA JOHNSON, RC PHILLIPPO, ET WOODS, RW ELLIS, RL AF ALI, MS WHITE, JD BAKOWSKI, RS STAPLETON, NK WILLIAMS, KA JOHNSON, RC PHILLIPPO, ET WOODS, RW ELLIS, RL TI EXTENSION OF A LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR N-METHYLCARBAMATE PESTICIDES IN CATTLE, SWINE, AND POULTRY LIVER SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note AB Liver samples of bovine, swine, and poultry were fortified with 0, 5, 10, and 20 ppb mixed standards of an additional 6 carbamates as part of a method extension study. Each of the 3 species in this study was analyzed 4 times at 0, 5, 10, and 20 ppb fortification levels. The average of 12 recoveries of 6 carbamates at all 3 fortification levels was greater than 90%, with a maximum coefficient of variation less than 18%. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20251. RP ALI, MS (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,EASTERN LAB,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 907 EP 910 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR821 UT WOS:A1993LR82100031 PM 8374335 ER PT J AU WHEELER, MM AF WHEELER, MM TI DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN ADULT MANDIBLES OF ORYZAEPHILUS-SURINAMENSIS AND ORYZAEPHILUS-MERCATOR USING SETAL BRUSH LENGTH SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note AB The setal brush was identified as a diagnostic characteristic which can be used to distinguish between the mandibles of adult Oryzaephilus surinamensis and O. mercator. The right and left setal brushes of 50 specimens from each species were measured. Statistical analysis showed that the mean brush lengths of the 2 species were significantly different (p = 0.0001). A demarcation value was established to distinguish between the mandibles. By using this value it is possible to reliably classify the mandibles of O. surinamensis and O. mercator. A mandible with setal brush >0.0296 mm would be classified as O. mercator, a mandible with a setal brush <0.0296 mm would be classified as O. surinamensis. RP WHEELER, MM (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,BLDG 322,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 941 EP 943 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR821 UT WOS:A1993LR82100038 ER PT J AU SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ AF SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ TI BIOMASS, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS ALLOCATION IN PARROTFEATHER (MYRIOPHYLLUM-AQUATICUM) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RESOURCE STORAGE; PERRENATION; NUTRIENT CYCLING; EMERSED AND SUBMERSED GROWTH ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; AMPHIBIOUS PLANTS; NUTRITION; SPICATUM AB Seasonal patterns in allocation of biomass, nitrogen, and phosphorus in parrotfeather, Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verd., were determined in a north-central California lake. Submersed rhizomes comprised 72 to 98% of the total biomass. Emergent biomass never comprised more than 24% of the total biomass. Allocation to emergent biomass was greater in shallow (< 0.5 m) than in deep (0.5 - 1.5 m) sites on the dates sampled. The submersed growth form was an important component of the biomass only during winter when it accounted for a maximum of 3% of the biomass. There was no accumulation of biomass between June and September 1989, which suggests that biomass loss rates equalled production rates during the growing season. Rhizome N concentration, but not P or C concentrations, increased during the growing season. Allocation of N and P in parrotfeather varied with season and depth. Rhizomes contained 42 to 89% of the total N pool. The proportion of N in emergent tissues from deep plots decreased from 30% in June to < 10% in September. Rhizomes contained only 3% of the total P pool, 80% of the parrotfeather P was in emergent tissues. Parrotfeather appeared to rely upon current uptake of P for growth rather than on stored P, which suggests that reduction in P supply may effectively reduce growth, and may partially explain the limited distribution of parrotfeather and its lack of aggressive invasion of aquatic macrophyte communities in some areas. The allocation of P and the lack of P storage may make parrotfeather succeptible to a harvesting strategy that removes only the emergent growth, especially in P-limited stands. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MA280 UT WOS:A1993MA28000004 ER PT J AU SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ AF SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ TI USE OF HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES FOR MEASUREMENT OF DIFFUSIVE FLUX OF COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BENSULFURON METHYL; DIFFUSION; HERBICIDE MOBILITY; BULK DENSITY; TORTUOSITY ID WATER; AMMONIA AB A new technique for measuring diffusive flux of compounds in saturated sediments that utilizes hollow-fiber microfiltration membranes was tested on six sediments of varying day and organic matter content. Diffusive flux of bensulfuron methyl (BSM) in the sediments was a function of interstitial water concentration of BSM, which was determined by the partitioning coefficient. The diffusion coefficient of BSM in the sediments, calculated from Fick's Law, was not a function of bulk density or tortuosity in the test sediments. Lack of an effect of physical sediment characteristics on the diffusion coefficient was attributed to short run times, and high BSM concentrations, which did not permit development of sediment depletion zones around the fibers. The technique described has the potential for providing a convenient method of measuring diffusive flux of toxic compounds and plant nutrients in soils. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 BP 261 EP 265 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MA280 UT WOS:A1993MA28000008 ER PT J AU GASKEL, J CULLEN, D AF GASKEL, J CULLEN, D TI RECENT ADVANCES IN THE ORGANIZATION AND REGULATION OF LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENES OF PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COLLOQUIUM ON LIGNIN BIODEGRADATION AND PRACTICAL UTILIZATION CY JUN 27-30, 1990 CL RES AREA TRIESTE, TRIESTE, ITALY SP INT CTR GENET ENGN & BIOTECHNOL HO RES AREA TRIESTE DE LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM ID CHROMOSOME SIZE POLYMORPHISMS; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCES; RECOMBINATION; FALCIPARUM; FAMILY AB Lignin depolymerization is catalyzed by extracellular peroxidases of white-rot basidiomycetes such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In submerged culture, production of multiple lignin peroxidase (LiP) isozymes is derepressed under carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur limitation. The roles of the individual isozymes in lignin degradation and their genetic regulation are poorly understood (reviewed by Kirk and Farrell, 1987). C1 FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0168-1656(93)90031-H PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LP201 UT WOS:A1993LP20100012 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S KRAMICH, C DALLAL, G RASMUSSEN, HM AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S KRAMICH, C DALLAL, G RASMUSSEN, HM TI CALCIUM RETENTION AND HORMONE LEVELS IN BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN ON HIGH-CALCIUM AND LOW-CALCIUM DIETS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID D-ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; POST-MENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HIGH PHOSPHORUS; ABSORPTION; CALCITRIOL; SERUM AB Black-white differences in calcium metabolism are sought because they may reveal why blacks have higher bone mass than whites. Comparative studies of calcium absorption in blacks and whites are not available. In this study, we compare fractional calcium retention, an index of calcium absorption, and calcium regulating hormone levels in black and white women on a high-calcium diet and after adaptation to a low-calcium diet. A total of 30 healthy women (15 black and 15 white) had measurements of fractional Ca-47 retention and calcium regulating hormone levels after 8 weeks on a 2000 mg calcium diet and, subsequently, after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks on a 300 mg calcium diet. By 2 weeks after the diet change, fractional Ca-47 retention, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] had reached a plateau at higher levels, urine calcium at a low level, and serum calcium at the same level (repeated-measures ANOVA). Fractional Ca-47 retention, serum calcium, and PTH were similar on both diets in blacks and whites. Blacks had higher levels of 1,25-(OH)2D on both diets (e.g., 125.1 +/- 53.5 SD versus 73.4 +/- 19.0 pmol/liter, P = 0.003 on low-calcium diet) and a greater increase in 1,25-(OH)2D after the diet change (33.9 +/- 30.1 SD versus 11.8 +/- 17.9 pmol/liter, P = 0.021). Serum phosphorus was lower in blacks throughout. For hormone levels and fractional calcium retention to stabilize after a diet change, 2 weeks was needed. Similar levels of fractional retention in black and white women despite higher levels of 1,25-(OH)2D in blacks suggest that blacks may have a gut resistance to the action of 1,25-(OH)2D. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,MEDFORD,MA 02155, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [GER 1 R03 AG-05821-01] NR 42 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 8 IS 7 BP 779 EP 787 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LJ872 UT WOS:A1993LJ87200001 PM 8352060 ER PT J AU WARTHEN, JD SCHMIDT, WF CUNNINGHAM, RT DEMILO, AB FRITZ, GL AF WARTHEN, JD SCHMIDT, WF CUNNINGHAM, RT DEMILO, AB FRITZ, GL TI QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS (QSAR) OF TRIMEDLURE ISOMERS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRIMEDLURE; MEDFLY; CERATITUS-CAPITATA; ATTRACTANCY; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; QSAR; CHEM-X; LINEAR REGRESSION ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CIS-TRIMEDLURE; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; ENANTIOMERS; ASSIGNMENTS AB Trimedlure (tert-butyl 4- and 5-chloro-cis- and trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), a mixture of eight isomers, is used as an attractant for detecting and monitoring the male Mediterranean fruit fly. This paper reports the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), via CHEM-X, of the eight purified isomers (racemic mixtures) of trimedlure. The relationship between structure and attractiveness is demonstrated by utilizing male medfly field catch on day 0 of the individual isomers vs. several molecular descriptors: volume, surface area, a torsion angle, and an interatomic distance. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP WARTHEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1323 EP 1335 DI 10.1007/BF00984879 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LL396 UT WOS:A1993LL39600004 PM 24249165 ER PT J AU WILT, FM MILLER, GC EVERETT, RL AF WILT, FM MILLER, GC EVERETT, RL TI MEASUREMENT OF MONOTERPENE HYDROCARBON LEVELS IN VAPOR-PHASE SURROUNDING SINGLE-LEAF PINYON (PINUS-MONOPHYLLA TORR AND FREM, PINACEAE) UNDERSTORY LITTER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; PHYTOTOXICITY; VAPOR PHASE; MONOTERPENE; SINGLE-LEAF PINYON PINE; PINUS-MONOPHYLLA; VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS; PINYON LITTER; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS ID OIL; RATES AB A headspace air-sampling experiment was performed in the laboratory to determine the identity and concentrations of monoterpene hydrocarbons that could be attained in the vapor phase surrounding single-leaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.) understory litter using controlled air collection conditions at a simulated field temperature of 37.8-degrees-C. The total monoterpene hydrocarbon content in 21 sequential samples of air collected from a sealed glass carboy packed with 1.44 kg of single-leaf pinyon litter equivalent to a bulk density of 0.15 g/cm3 averaged 3.56 +/- 1.04 mg/liter. The monoterpenes alpha-pinene and camphene were present in the vapor phase at the highest concentrations, averaging 2.40 +/- 0.64 and 0.68 +/- 0.22 mg/liter, respectively. Myrcene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, beta-phellandrene, and gamma-terpinene were all present at average concentrations below 0.30 mg/liter. The first two traps of the sequential air samples yielded the highest concentrations for the monoterpene hydrocarbons; however, the average total levels were relatively stable throughout the remaining 19 traps. Therefore, the data indicate that these hydrocarbons volatilize from the source pinyon litter and maintain an equilibrium in the vapor phase. Although this analysis was conducted using an artificial system, combined with results from our previous studies, mounting evidence indicates that monoterpene hydrocarbons present in the vapor phase of the single-leaf pinyon understory may be toxic to a variety of native plant species and thus further implicates allelopathy as a significant contributor to the observed patterning of associated vegetation in these forests. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT RANGE WILDLIFE & FORESTRY,RENO,NV 89557. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1428 DI 10.1007/BF00984886 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LL396 UT WOS:A1993LL39600011 PM 24249172 ER PT J AU BAKER, JD HEATH, RR AF BAKER, JD HEATH, RR TI NMR SPECTRAL ASSIGNMENT OF LACTONE PHEROMONE COMPONENTS EMITTED BY CARIBBEAN AND MEXICAN FRUIT-FLIES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; MEXICAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; ANASTREPHIN; EPIANASTREPHIN; SUSPENSOLIDE; NMR; NOE; HETCOR ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB By utilizing one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, the complete assignments of the proton and carbon spectra of the lactones anastrephin, epianastrephin, and suspensolide have been accomplished. These compounds are pheromone components for both the Caribbean and Mexican fruit flies. The relative stereochemistries of anastrephin and epianastrephin were demonstrated by nuclear Overhauser difference spectroscopy. With complete spectral assignments now available, biosynthesis of these molecules may be studied by feeding specific isotopically labeled nutrients to flies and subsequently analyzing the volatiles produced for the presence and position of the labelling isotope. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1511 EP 1519 DI 10.1007/BF00984894 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LL396 UT WOS:A1993LL39600019 PM 24249180 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN LICHTENSTEIN, AH CORNWALL, S MEYDANI, M GOLDIN, BR RASMUSSEN, H DINARELLO, CA SCHAEFER, EJ AF MEYDANI, SN LICHTENSTEIN, AH CORNWALL, S MEYDANI, M GOLDIN, BR RASMUSSEN, H DINARELLO, CA SCHAEFER, EJ TI IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NATIONAL CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION PANEL STEP-2 DIETS WITH AND WITHOUT FISH-DERIVED N-3 FATTY-ACID ENRICHMENT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE NCEP STEP 2; N-3 PUFA; N-6 PUFA; IMMUNE RESPONSE CYTOKINES; CHOLESTEROL ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; HUMAN MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INTERLEUKIN-1; OIL; TOCOPHEROL; SUPPLEMENTATION; PROSTAGLANDINS; MODULATION AB Reductions in dietary fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol have been recommended to reduce the risk of heart disease in our society. The effects of these modifications on human cytokine production and immune responses have not been well studied. 22 subjects > 40 yr of age were fed a diet approximating that of the current American (14.1% of calories as saturated fatty acids, [SFA], 14.5% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], 6.1% In-61 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], 0.8% [n-3] PUFA, and 147 mg cholesterol / 1,000 calories) for 6 wk, after which time they consumed (11 in each group) one of the two low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-PUFA diets based on National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 recommendations (4.0-4.5% SFA, 10.8-11.6% MUFA, 10.3-10.5% PUFA, 45-61 mg cholesterol / 1,000 calories) for 24 wk. One of the NCEP Step 2 diets was enriched in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, high-fish: 0.54% or 1.23 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] [121-188 g fish/d]) and the other low in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, low-fish [0.13% or 0.27 g/d EPA and DHA] 133 g fish/d]). Measurements of in vivo and in vitro indexes of immune responses were taken after each dietary period. Long-term feeding of low-fat, low-fish diet enriched in plant-derived PUFA increased blood mononuclear cell mitogenic response to the T cell mitogen Con A, Il-1beta, and TNF production and had no effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response, IL-6, GM-CSF, or PGE2 production. In contrast, the low-fat, high-fish diet significantly decreased the percentage of helper T cells whereas the percentage of suppressor T cells increased. Mitogenic responses to Con A and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response as well as the production of cytokines IL-1beta, TNF, and IL-6 by mononuclear cells were significantly reduced after the consumption of the low-fat, high-fish diet (24, 40, 45, 35, and 34%. respectively; P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student's t test except for IL-1beta and TNF, which is by one-tailed t test). Our data are consistent with the concept that the NCEP Step 2 diet that is high in fish significantly decreases various parameters of the immune response in contrast to this diet when it is low in fish. Such alterations may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic and inflammatory diseases but may be detrimental with regard to host defense against invading pathogens. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI15614] NR 53 TC 293 Z9 298 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 92 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1172/JCI116537 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LL773 UT WOS:A1993LL77300016 PM 8325975 ER PT J AU MASLER, EP RAINA, AK AF MASLER, EP RAINA, AK TI PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY IN THE GYPSY-MOTH LYMANTRIA-DISPAR - EVIDENCE FOR A NEUROPEPTIDE SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY; NEUROPEPTIDE EXTRACTION; DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILE; PEPTIDE CHARACTERIZATION; MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; FEMALE MOTHS; HORMONE; PBAN; NOCTUIDAE; NEUROHORMONE; SEQUENCE AB The brain-suboesophageal ganglion complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, contains pheromonotropic activity detectable using a Helicoverpa zea in vivo bioassay for pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide. Pheromonotropic activity was detected as early as the third larval instar and was present throughout development and through day 6 post-eclosion. Activity in the adult is presumably associated with pheromone production, while it is speculated that larval activity may be related to melanization. Adult pheromonotropic activity is associated with a peptide of approximately 3.500 kDa. It is heat labile and only partially stable when incubated at 35-degrees-C or exposed to freeze-thawing. Isolation of L. dispar pheromonotropic factor should facilitate the elucidation of the mechanism of pheromone production in this insect pest. RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 163 IS 4 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1007/BF00347775 PG 6 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA LR782 UT WOS:A1993LR78200001 ER PT J AU PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW AF PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW TI SLOW-RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF METRIBUZIN BASED ON ALGINATE-KAOLIN-LINSEED OIL SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE SLOW RELEASE; ALGINATE; LINSEED OIL; KAOLIN; POLYMER COATING; HERBICIDE FORMULATION; GROUNDWATER; METRIBUZIN (CAS NO 21087-64-9) ID GROUNDWATER; SOIL AB Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], an herbicide widely used for weed control in soybeans and other crops, has been identified as a groundwater pollutant. Due to its relatively high water solubility, metribuzin is subject to leaching in the soil profile and eventually to the groundwater. The use of controlled release formulations of metribuzin would be expected to improve its environmental safety and perhaps its effectiveness. A granular formulation of metribuzin based on linseed oil, kaolin and alginate considerably reduced the release rate of metribuzin in comparison with conventional formulations and alginate formulations without linseed oil. Several factors affected the release rate including the ratio of oil/metribuzin in the formulation, the temperature of drying the formulation, and aging of the dried formulation. Reduced release rates were due to a combination of the polymeric coating formed by the linseed oil on the surface of the bead and the partitioning of the metribuzin between the oil in the bead and the water surrounding the bead. RP PEPPERMAN, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD JUL PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0168-3659(93)90205-J PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LP140 UT WOS:A1993LP14000003 ER PT J AU DHIMAN, TR CADORNIGA, C SATTER, LD AF DHIMAN, TR CADORNIGA, C SATTER, LD TI PROTEIN AND ENERGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF HIGH ALFALFA SILAGE DIETS DURING EARLY LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; ENERGY; MILK; PROTEIN ID DAIRY-COWS; ABOMASAL INFUSIONS; GRAIN RATIO; MILK-YIELD; GLUCOSE; FORAGE AB Protein versus energy as a first-limiting nutrient for milk yield and milk protein content was studied in cows fed high alfalfa silage diets. In Experiment 1, 12 cows during wk 3 to 12 of lactation were fed diets containing 48.2% alfalfa silage or 98.2% silage with or without infusion of 1 kg/d of casein into the abomasum. Infusion of casein resulted in a 22% increase in milk yield, 180-g/d increase in milk protein yield, and no change in DMI. In Experiment 2, 20 cows during wk 3 to 6 of lactation were fed 98.2% alfalfa silage diets and received no infusion, 1 kg/d of glucose infused into the abomasum, 1.2 kg/d of soy protein into the abomasum, or a mixture of the glucose and protein infusion into the abomasum. Infusion of glucose had no effect on milk yield but decreased DMI, milk fat, and milk protein. Infusion of protein increased daily milk yield by 17% and protein yield by 144 g/d. In Experiment 3, 20 cows during wk 9 to 12 of lactation were fed 98.2% alfalfa silage and received no infusion 75 kg/d of propionate infused into the rumen, 1.2 kg/d of soy protein infused into the abomasum, and the propionate and soy protein infusions combined. In Experiment 4, 20 cows were fed 78.2% alfalfa silage diets with or without 5% propylene glycol. Infusion of propionate or supplementation of propylene glycol in Experiments 3 and 4 reduced DMI and milk yield. Milk yield response to protein infused into the abomasum and lack of response to energy infused into the abomasum or included in the diet in a nonfermentable form suggest that protein, not energy, is the first-limiting nutrient for milk yield in cows fed high alfalfa silage diets. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Cadorniga Valino, Carlos/C-4678-2016 OI Cadorniga Valino, Carlos/0000-0002-1689-7639 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1945 EP 1959 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LL253 UT WOS:A1993LL25300015 ER PT J AU DHIMAN, TR SATTER, LD AF DHIMAN, TR SATTER, LD TI PROTEIN AS THE 1ST-LIMITING NUTRIENT FOR LACTATING DAIRY-COWS FED HIGH PROPORTIONS OF GOOD QUALITY ALFALFA SILAGE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA SILAGE; FISH MEAL; MILK; PROTEIN ID SOYBEAN-MEAL; MILK-YIELD; FAT; DIETS; DEGRADATION; COTTONSEED; ADDITIONS; SYSTEM; FORAGE; ENERGY AB Milk yield and composition response to dietary supplementation of protein or energy was determined in cows fed high proportions of good quality alfalfa silage. In Experiment 1, 40 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of five groups at parturition. Cows were fed experimental diets during wk 4 to 15 of lactation. The control diet contained 75% alfalfa silage and 23.2% high moisture ear com (DM basis). The following supplements partially replaced corn in the treatment groups: protein, 6% fish meal plus 2.1% blood meal; fat, 5% prilled animal fat; protein plus fat, the protein and fat treatment combined; and protein plus glucose, the protein treatment plus 1.6 kg/d of glucose infused into the abomasum. Supplementation of protein increased milk yield by 18%, and supplementation of fat alone only marginally increased milk yield. Infusion of glucose decreased milk fat content and thereby reduced FCM yield. Cows fed fat or infused with glucose had slightly lower milk protein content. In Experiment 2, 27 primiparous Holstein cows were fed 98.2% alfalfa silage, 91.2% alfalfa silage plus 7% fish meal, and 61.2% alfalfa silage plus 7% fish meal plus 30% dry shelled corn in treatments 1 to 3, respectively. Daily milk yields for treatments 1 to 3 were 18.8, 22.2, and 25.8 kg/d. The milk yield response to protein supplements in both experiments and relative lack of response to energy supplements alone suggest that protein, and not energy, was first-limiting for milk yield with diets containing a large proportion of alfalfa silage. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1960 EP 1971 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LL253 UT WOS:A1993LL25300016 ER PT J AU CADORNIGA, C SATTER, LD AF CADORNIGA, C SATTER, LD TI PROTEIN VERSUS ENERGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF HIGH ALFALFA SILAGE DIETS FOR EARLY LACTATION COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA SILAGE; ENERGY; EXPELLER SOYBEAN MEAL; PROTEIN ID DAIRY-COW; SYSTEM; DEGRADATION; RUMEN AB An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that cows in early lactation are more likely to be limited by protein than by energy when fed diets containing high proportions of alfalfa silage. After a 2-wk covariate period, 26 multiparous cows were assigned to one of four treatments from wk 3 to 14 of lactation. Treatments were a positive control diet with equal amounts of forage and grain (DM basis), an all forage diet serving as negative control, and two test diets with 75% forage and 25% of either high moisture ear corn or expeller soybean meal. The latter two diets were equal in energy content but differed in the amount of protein made available for absorption in the small intestine. Alfalfa silage was the only forage in all diets. Milk yield with the four diets averaged 36.3, 25.5, 32.1, and 35.5 kg/d, and milk protein content was 2.93, 2.63, 2.77, and 2.75%. The negative control diet severely depressed milk protein content, which was not restored totally by either test diet. We concluded that absorbable protein supply to the intestine is first-limiting when high alfalfa silage diets are fed to cows in early lactation. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Cadorniga Valino, Carlos/C-4678-2016 OI Cadorniga Valino, Carlos/0000-0002-1689-7639 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1972 EP 1977 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LL253 UT WOS:A1993LL25300017 ER PT J AU WATTIAUX, MA SATTER, LD MERTENS, DR AF WATTIAUX, MA SATTER, LD MERTENS, DR TI FACTORS AFFECTING VOLUME AND SPECIFIC-GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS OF NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER AND FORAGE PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DENSITY; FORAGE; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; RUMEN ID SIZE AB Pycnometers were used in this series of experiments to measure the specific gravity of the solid fraction in forage particles and to assess the effect of solubilization of DM on functional specific gravity and the specific gravity of the solid fraction. The removal of cell contents by either neutral detergent extraction or DM solubilization decreased functional specific gravity and the specific gravity of the solid fraction of particles, Solutes increased the specific gravity of gas-free distilled water in proportion to the amount of soluble DM dissolved. The average specific gravity of the solids in particles extracted by neutral detergent and the insoluble DM in alfalfa particles averaged 1.48 and 1.50, respectively. The effect of forage species and method of forage preservation on specific gravity of the solids in forage particles was minimal. However, during partial solubilization of DM, the loss of mass averaged 1.9 times the loss of volume, indicating that minerals were the primary solute responsible for the change in specific gravity of particles. The biological meaning of functional specific gravity is unclear because it excludes the liquid associated with particles. However, functional specific gravity of stem particles passing a 425-mum sieve was identical to specific gravity of the solids, indicating the absence of gas in these particles. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WATTIAUX, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1978 EP 1988 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LL253 UT WOS:A1993LL25300018 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, ML RAUNIYAR, GP GOODE, FM AF SHIELDS, ML RAUNIYAR, GP GOODE, FM TI A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INCREASED TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN SWAZILAND, 1985-1991 SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPING AREAS LA English DT Article ID LABOR C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & RURAL SOCIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP SHIELDS, ML (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCE & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV PI MACOMB PA 1 UNIV CIRCLE, MACOMB, IL 61455-1390 SN 0022-037X J9 J DEV AREAS JI J. Dev. Areas PD JUL PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 469 EP 484 PG 16 WC Area Studies; Economics; Planning & Development; Political Science SC Area Studies; Business & Economics; Public Administration; Government & Law GA LU669 UT WOS:A1993LU66900002 ER PT J AU LASTER, ML HARDEE, DD ROBERSON, JL AF LASTER, ML HARDEE, DD ROBERSON, JL TI EMERGENCE OF MALE-STERILE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) BACKCROSS MOTHS AT A CENTRAL RELEASE POINT AND THEIR RESULTING SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TOBACCO BUDWORM; DISPERSAL; CAPTURE; BACKCROSS ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; PYRETHROIDS; TEXAS AB Heliothis virescens backcross moths are most effectively released in wide-area release programs from pupae placed in the field prior to moth emergence. A significantly greater moth emergence was obtained in the field from unharvested pupae in rearing trays than was obtained from harvested pupae. Mating, oviposition, and egg viability of emerged female moths were not adversely affected by handling procedures. Moths released from emergence containers were recovered in the most distant trap, 5.5 km, from the release point. However, the greatest number of released moths was captured in pheromone traps within 1.7 km of the release point. RP LASTER, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LU317 UT WOS:A1993LU31700001 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ SADEGHI, A AF GISH, TJ SADEGHI, A TI AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES - A SYMPOSIUM OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOIL AB To meet the global needs of a growing population, both increased productivity and additional land may need to be dedicated to agriculture. However, to effectively evaluate the impact of new farming strategies and agricultural chemicals on the environment, a broad perspective is needed to prevent simply shifting pollution from one part of the hydrologic cycle to another. The loss of agricultural chemicals to the environment may include a combination of processes such as volatilization, runoff and leaching, each exhibiting considerable spatial and temporal dependency. Subsequent losses of agricultural chemicals to the environment may also be transported offsite, having a potential detrimental effect on the environment. This overview provides a brief introduction to the papers presented at a special USDA-ARS symposium entitled ''Agricultural Water Quality Priorities, A Team Approach to Conserving Natural Resources.'' C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GISH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 104,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 389 EP 391 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200001 ER PT J AU COOPER, CM AF COOPER, CM TI BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURALLY DERIVED SURFACE-WATER POLLUTANTS ON AQUATIC SYSTEMS - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID BEAR-CREEK; MISSISSIPPI; QUALITY; EFFICIENCY; RESERVOIR AB Environmental manipulations and other human activities are major causes of stress on natural ecosystems. Of the many sources of surface water pollutants, agricultural activities have been identified as major contributors to environmental stress, which affects all ecosystem components. In water, agricultural contaminants are most noticeable when they produce immediate, dramatic toxic effects on aquatic life although more subtle, sublethal chronic effects may be just as damaging over long periods. Aquatic systems have the ability to recover from contaminant damage if not seriously overloaded with irreversible pollutants. Thus, contaminant loading level is as important as type of pollutant. Although suspended sediment represents the largest volume of aquatic contaminant, pesticides, nutrients, and organic enrichment are also major stressors of aquatic life. Stream corridor habitat traps and processes contaminants. Loss of buffering habitat, including riparian zones, accelerates effects of pollutants and should be considered when assessing damage to aquatic life. Protection of habitat is the single most effective means of conserving biological diversity. Current available management practices and promising new technology are providing solutions to many contaminant-related problems in aquatic systems. RP COOPER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 52 TC 141 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 402 EP 408 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200003 ER PT J AU PARKIN, TB AF PARKIN, TB TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF MICROBIAL PROCESSES IN SOIL - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID LOGNORMAL-DISTRIBUTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DENITRIFICATION; RHIZOSPHERE; EMISSION; PASTURE AB Microbial transformations of fertilizers and pesticides in the surface soil have a direct impact on the mass of the agrochemical that is susceptible to leaching losses. Thus, our greatest potential for controlling leaching losses of agrochemicals is through the management of these compounds in the surface soil. A variety of strategies have been employed to maximize the residence time of applied chemical in the surface soil, including: timing of application, formulation (e.g., slow-release fertilizers and encapsulated pesticides), and the use of compounds that modify microbial activity in soil (e.g., nitrification inhibitors). Although these strategies have met with some success, more precise quantification of the microbial transformations of agrochemicals is required to aid the development of improved management strategies. The high spatial variability exhibited by many microbial processes, in many cases, precludes precise quantification. A greater understanding of the factors contributing to the variability of microbial processes allows for improved estimation, as well as for the assessment of key driving variables controlling microbial processes in soil. This article reviews several aspects of spatial variability associated with microbial populations and processes. The discussion focuses on the scale at which variability is expressed, and the soil and environmental variables that serve to control variability at each scale. implications for the development of new management strategies are also discussed, and finally, some statistical considerations for characterizing variability are presented. RP PARKIN, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 83 TC 180 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200004 ER PT J AU SCHREIBER, MM HICKMAN, MV VAIL, GD AF SCHREIBER, MM HICKMAN, MV VAIL, GD TI STARCH-ENCAPSULATED ATRAZINE - EFFICACY AND TRANSPORT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; TRIFLURALIN; ALACHLOR; FIELD AB Current data indicate that pesticides are a contributor to the groundwater contamination problem, with the herbicide atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] one of the most commonly found contaminates. Reports indicate that the highest levels of atrazine found appear to be associated with the heavy spring rains following application of presently used commercial formulations (CF) of atrazine. This work reports the role of new starch encapsulated (SE) granular formulations of atrazine that significantly reduce the initial mobility of atrazine without appreciable loss of weed control efficacy. Leaching studies in the laboratory indicate that SE formulations reduced movement of atrazine by 70% compared to CF in both silty clay loam and sandy soils following a 75 mm h-1 simulated rainfall. Results from leaching of intact soil blocks with simulated rainfall of 40 mm h-1 for 2 h showed CF leached 80 and 60% more atrazine than the SE formulation from chisel and no-till systems, respectively. Granular size of SE formulations can affect the rate of release. Starch-encapsulated formulations gave good to excellent control of most weeds at 10 sites in six Midwest states during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons and resulted in corn (Zea mays L.) yields equal to or better than with CF. Control of some large seeded weeds such as velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) and cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) was variable from site to site with both SE and CF. Starch-encapsulated formulations offer an excellent potential technology advancement for significant reduction of atrazine and other pesticide contaminates of groundwater with minimal loss of efficacy. RP SCHREIBER, MM (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 443 EP 453 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200007 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ OWENS, LB DICK, WA AF EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ OWENS, LB DICK, WA TI FACTORS AFFECTING PREFERENTIAL FLOW OF WATER AND ATRAZINE THROUGH EARTHWORM BURROWS UNDER CONTINUOUS NO-TILL CORN SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL; INFILTRATION; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS AB Watershed studies have documented that summer storms produce less runoff from fields farmed with continuous no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) than from the same soils when corn is produced with conventional tillage practices. The lack of tillage favors a continuous surface cover of crop residue and the persistence of earthworm burrows, which have been shown to be preferential flow paths for water and chemicals, especially during intense summer storms. We investigated factors affecting preferential water and chemical transport in burrows formed by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (L.) in the field using individual burrow samplers and in the laboratory using blocks of undisturbed soil subjected to simulated rainfall. Rainfall amount and intensity and antecedent soil moisture content affected the amount of water transmitted in earthworm burrows, with high intensity storms on relatively dry no-till soils producing the greatest amounts of preferential flow. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) transport was affected by the factors influencing the amount of preferential flow and by the time of storms relative to the time of herbicide application. Atrazine movement in earthworm burrows was greatest when high-intensity rainfall occurred shortly after application. Atrazine transport was reduced by a delay in rainfall and by low-intensity events prior to high intensity, percolate-producing events. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OARDC,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP EDWARDS, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 18 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200008 ER PT J AU RENARD, KG FERREIRA, VA AF RENARD, KG FERREIRA, VA TI RUSLE MODEL DESCRIPTION AND DATABASE SENSITIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION AB Water quality modeling generally requires estimates of the amount of eroded material entering water courses. This information is necessary because sediment often transports adsorbed chemicals. Numerous models have been developed to assist with assessment of this problem. These models often contain some modification of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). A recently initiated effort to improve USLE technology has produced a computer-based model, RUSLE (Revised USLE), which employs new relationships to estimate values of the six factors in the equation. Three input databases are required: climatic data, crop data, and field operations data. Although numerous specific entries for these data are contained in the program, in many cases users must supplement or modify the supplied data. Results of a sensitivity analysis help users tailoring the databases to specific conditions. C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP RENARD, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 18 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 458 EP 466 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200009 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN AHUJA, LR AF SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN AHUJA, LR TI AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL DISCHARGE IN SURFACE-WATER RUNOFF SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; DESORPTION; PREDICTION; TRIBUTARIES; RAINFALL; SULFATE; IMPACT AB The discharge of agricultural chemicals (i.e., soil-fertilizer nutrients and pesticides) in runoff waters is important from both agronomic and environmental standpoints. Presented here is an overview of our current concepts and approaches employed for describing this discharge, based on studies we have conducted over the past decade. Most of our field testing and validation of concepts regarding chemical discharge has focused on approximately 24 grassland and cropland watersheds across the Southern Plains. Chemicals considered include N, P, K, S, atrazine [2-chloro-4(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], and cyanazine 12-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile]. Soluble chemical discharge has been described by kinetic desorption and uniform or nonuniform mixing approaches, incorporating parameters reflecting watershed management and the nature of the surface soil x precipitation interaction. Particulate chemical discharge has been described by the relationship between the discharge enrichment ratio (chemical content of eroded sediment/source soil) and soil loss. Special situations considered include type of tillage, computed water and sediment runoff, severe storms, bioavailability of P, cover crops, and manure applications. For the most part, predicted chemical discharge values compared favorably with their measured counterparts, r2 values often being >0.9. Further research needs include refinement and development of the prediction equations, data bases, runoff indices, and multidisciplinary systems. C1 USDA ARS,NPA,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 474 EP 480 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200011 ER PT J AU YATES, SR AF YATES, SR TI DETERMINING OFF-SITE CONCENTRATIONS OF VOLATILE PESTICIDES USING THE TRAJECTORY-SIMULATION MODEL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH SYMP OF THE USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER - AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PRIORITIES : A TEAM APPROACH TO CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES CY MAY 04-08, 1992 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP USDA ARS ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; TURBULENT VELOCITY SCALE; GASEOUS MASS-TRANSFER; INHOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TRACE ORGANICS; SOIL; EVAPORATION; ATMOSPHERE AB An environmental transport model is described and illustrated that will enable the prediction of the mass and/or concentration of volatile pesticides at any depth in the soil profile and at any height in the atmosphere relatively far distanced downwind from agricultural fields. The theoretical profile shape model is used to determine transport in the atmosphere and is coupled to the behavior assessment model (BAM) to describe transport in soils. The model outputs include the soil-water concentrations, the surface volatilization rate, the concentration of pesticides in the atmosphere above the field, and the atmospheric concentration at specified distances downwind from the field. The results from this approach can be used in exposure assessment studies to determine the risk for individuals living near agricultural fields. RP YATES, SR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200012 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD RANDALL, GW KOSKINEN, WC WYSE, DL AF BUHLER, DD RANDALL, GW KOSKINEN, WC WYSE, DL TI WATER-QUALITY - ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR LOSSES FROM SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINAGE OF A CLAY LOAM SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; CORN AB Herbicide losses in subsurface drainage from agricultural land is not well understood. Research was conducted to assess atrazine [6-chloro-N'-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(12,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide] losses in subsurface tile drainage during and after long-term use on a Webster clay loam soil (Typic Haplaquoll) at Waseca, MN, under typical agricultural management conditions. Individual subsurface drainage systems were installed in 1975 to plots cropped continuously to corn (Zea mays L.) under moldboard plow and no-tillage systems. Annual alachlor and atrazine use was initiated in 1974 and 1975, respectively. Alachlor use was continued through 1991 while atrazine use was terminated after the 1988 application. Tile drainage water was collected and analyzed for atrazine and alachlor beginning in October 1985. Alachlor was detected in only 2% of the samples from 1985 through 1991. Atrazine was detected in 97% of the samples from 1985 through 1990. Atrazine detection frequency declined to 78% in 1991. Atrazine concentration in October 1985 was 0.56 mug L-1. Average atrazine concentration in tile drainage water in 1986 was 1.0 mug L-1 and estimated loss by leaching was 4.1 g ha-1. Average atrazine concentrations in 1987 and 1988 were 1.24 and 0.84 mug L-1, respectively, but due to limited tile flow, atrazine losses were less than 1 g ha-1 each year. Twelve to 18 mo after the last atrazine application, average atrazine concentration in tile water did not decline. However, from 24 to 30 mo after the final atrazine application, average concentration dropped to 0.42 mug L-1 and during the following growing season average concentration declined to 0.29 mug L-1. There was little fluctuation in atrazine concentration during any year. Tillage systems had minimal impacts on atrazine concentration or loss in tile drainage water. This research indicates that low concentrations of atrazine may contaminate tile drainage water during and after long-term use and may persist for several years after use is stopped. Contamination of drainage from similar use of alachlor appears minimal. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SO EXPT STN,WASECA,MN 56093. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 18 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200024 ER PT J AU SCHNABEL, RR URBAN, JB GBUREK, WJ AF SCHNABEL, RR URBAN, JB GBUREK, WJ TI HYDROLOGIC CONTROLS IN NITRATE, SULFATE, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; CATCHMENT; TRACER; STORMFLOW; DEUTERIUM; MIXTURE; ZONE AB Nitrate-nitrogen, SO4, and Cl concentrations and discharge rates from a small, upland watershed in east central Pennsylvania were analyzed in the context of a layered aquifer. A pattern of greater NO3-N concentrations during periods of greater discharge was generally followed by declining concentrations during hydrograph recession. The coincident temporal pattern of NO3-N and discharge appears hydrologically controlled because both NO3-N and SO4 exhibited similar patterns even though there are important differences in their behavior and reactivity in biologically controlled systems. Chemical concentration patterns in stream flow arose from flow through a two-layer geologic system in which NO3-N and SO4 concentrations were different between layers. The substantially lower concentrations observed in the deeper water were attributed to recharge from areas with forest and mixed land uses. Discharge from this deeper layer supported the lowest flows and the lowest chemical concentrations observed in stream flow. Increases in stream flow resulted from greater discharge from the shallower groundwater layer. Adding discharge from the shallower groundwater resulted in higher chemical concentrations in stream flow. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration estimated with a mixing cell model, in which concentration changes result from dilution only, closely matched measured concentration. RP SCHNABEL, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,UNIV PK,PA, USA. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200025 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN AF SHARPLEY, AN TI AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO ESTIMATE BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF USING IRON-OXIDE IMPREGNATED PAPER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ALGAL-AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; PI SOIL TEST; FILTER-PAPER; LAKE WATER; EXTRACTION; SEDIMENT AB The transport of bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Bioavailable P is comprised of dissolved P (DP) and bioavailable particulate phosphorus (BPP). Although several algal assays and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted their widespread use. This study evaluates the use of Fe oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) to estimate the potential BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains during 1988 to 1990. In the proposed method, BAP and DP are determined by shaking 50 mL of unfiltered or filtered runoff, respectively, with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H2SO4 and measured, with BPP calculated as the difference between BAP and DP. Growth of Selenastrum capricornutum was related (r2 = 0.63-0.96) to the BPP content of runoff sediment in 2- to 29-d incubations. Bioavailable PP estimated by the proposed strip method and more widely used NaOH extraction, closely followed a 1:1 relationship. Averaged for all runoff events, strip DP was 90 and 75% of DP determined by standard direct methods, for watersheds with and without tillage, respectively. The lower estimates of strip DP may be partially attributed to a greater transport of acid-hydrolyzable organic and condensed DP in runoff from no-till compared to tilled watersheds. Acting as a P sink, the strip method may have a stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in estimating algal-available P in agricultural runoff. In addition, the simplicity of the proposed Fe-oxide strip method will allow BAP estimation with limited resources and may facilitate evaluation of the impact of agricultural runoff on the biological productivity of receiving waters. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 40 TC 128 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 597 EP 601 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200026 ER PT J AU OLSZYK, D BYTNEROWICZ, A KATS, G REAGAN, C HAKE, S KERBY, T MILLHOUSE, D ROBERTS, B ANDERSON, C LEE, H AF OLSZYK, D BYTNEROWICZ, A KATS, G REAGAN, C HAKE, S KERBY, T MILLHOUSE, D ROBERTS, B ANDERSON, C LEE, H TI PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS - COTTON YIELD LOSSES AND AMBIENT OZONE CONCENTRATIONS IN CALIFORNIA SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-REGRESSION; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; CROP YIELD; AIR AB Based on controlled experiments and simulation modeling, ozone (O3) has been estimated to cause significant yield losses to cotton. The study reported here was conducted to verify losses for 'Acala' cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. 'SJ2') along a gradient of ambient O3 concentrations across the San Joaquin Valley in California. Cotton was grown in nonfiltered (NF) and charcoal-filtered (CF) open-top chambers, and ambient air (AA) at four sites during the 1988 and 1989 summer growing seasons. Cotton yields (weights of mature bolls m-2) were reduced in NF compared with CF air in general proportion to O3 concentrations across all sites and years. Greatest cotton yield losses were as Shafter in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley (20% in 1989), and lowest losses were at Five Points in the western part of the valley (none in 1989). Ozone injury symptoms on cotton were most noticeable in areas with greatest yield losses. Linear O3 exposure vs. predicted relative yield loss models using four common exposure indices were constructed for each site and year based on the NF, CF, and AA data. All models except the second highest daily maximum concentration (2ndHDM, the current ambient air quality standard for O3) predicted yield losses comparable to those predicted with previously published models for cotton in the San Joaquin Valley. Ozone exposure indices giving more weight to higher O3 concentrations or the 7-h daytime mean better predicted cotton yield responses over the growing season than 2ndHDM. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. USDA,COTTON RES STN,SHAFTER,CA 93263. BASF CORP,DINUBA,CA 93618. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,VISALIA,CA 93291. UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,HANFORD,CA 93230. RP OLSZYK, D (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 602 EP 611 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200027 ER PT J AU LERCH, RN BARBARICK, KA AZARI, P SOMMERS, LE WESTFALL, DG AF LERCH, RN BARBARICK, KA AZARI, P SOMMERS, LE WESTFALL, DG TI WASTE MANAGEMENT - SEWAGE-SLUDGE PROTEINS .1. EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; NITROGEN; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; QUANTITATION; LOWRY AB The extraction and quantitation of sewage sludge proteins is a prerequisite to evaluating their role as labile C and N sources in sludge-amended soil. The objective of this study was to develop extraction methodology for the routine quantitation of sewage sludge proteins. Seven sewage sludges were obtained and prepared by oven drying at 55-degrees-C followed by extensive grinding and mixing to produce homogenous samples. Proteins were extracted using H2O, 10% (v/v) Triton X-100 (a non-ionic detergent), and 1 M NaOH, and they were analyzed using the Lowry protein assay with bovine serum albumin standards. Protein contents of extracts ranged from (in g kg-1, dry wt. basis): (i) H2O, 1.3 to 24; (ii) 10% Triton X-100, 3.6 to 59; and (iii) 1 M NaOH, 53 to 280. Water and detergent-extractable proteins were less than, and base-extractable proteins were within, literature values reported for total sludge proteins. The coefficients of variation (CV) for each extractant and all sludges were, with one exception, below 6%. The three methodologies provided precise and reproducible data for the extraction of sewage sludge proteins. The detergent extraction procedure is recommended for routine use because of its shorter extraction time. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP LERCH, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 620 EP 624 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200029 ER PT J AU LERCH, RN AZARI, P BARBARICK, KA SOMMERS, LE WESTFALL, DG AF LERCH, RN AZARI, P BARBARICK, KA SOMMERS, LE WESTFALL, DG TI SEWAGE-SLUDGE PROTEINS .2. EXTRACT CHARACTERIZATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; POLYSACCHARIDES; COMPLEXATION AB The characterization of sewage sludge proteins is necessary to better understand their degradation by microbial populations when sludges are utilized for land application. The objective of this study was to characterize the molecular weights of extractable sewage sludge proteins by dialysis partitioning and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) separation. Sewage sludges obtained from seven municipalities were extracted using H2O and 1 M NaOH followed by purification and concentration to facilitate molecular weight determinations. Dialysis partitioning of proteins showed that the majority of these compounds had molecular weights <14 000 (i.e., they were not retained by dialysis membrane). The separation of proteins by PAGE also showed that the bulk of H2O and 1 M NaOH soluble proteins were of low molecular weight (<17 000). This indicated considerable proteolysis during waste treatment processing. Thus, the extractable sludge proteins appeared to be primarily poly- and oligopeptides rather than intact proteins. Based on these findings, sludge proteinaceous materials would be expected to degrade rapidly in soil due to the many soil microorganisms capable of utilizing protein degradation products. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP LERCH, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 625 EP 629 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200030 ER PT J AU ZAIKA, LL KIM, AH AF ZAIKA, LL KIM, AH TI EFFECT OF SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATES ON GROWTH OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; PHOSPHATES; CHLORIDE AB Evaluation of sodium polyphosphates (SPP), multifunctional food additives, indicated that only the higher polymers sodaphos, hexaphos, and glass H (average chain length = 6, 13, and 21, respectively) significantly inhibited growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The effect of the three compounds (0-2%) on growth of L. monocytogenes was studied in brain heart infusion + 0.3% glucose medium, pH 6.0, at 28, 19, 10, and 5-degrees-C. The organism grew well under all test conditions in the absence of SPP. Hexaphos and glass H were considerably more inhibitory than sodaphos. The most pronounced effect of SPP was on lag times, which increased with increasing SPP concentration and decreasing temperature. At 10-degrees-C, addition of 0.3% hexaphos or glass H increased lag time from 22 h to 197 and 186 h, respectively, and no growth was observed after 40 d in the presence of 2.0% of these compounds. Addition of 2.0% NaCl increased the inhibitory effect of SPP but had little effect on growth in SPP-free media. Results suggest that high molecular weight SPP may be useful in controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes, particularly at low temperatures and in combination with NaCl. RP ZAIKA, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 56 IS 7 BP 577 EP 580 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LL819 UT WOS:A1993LL81900003 ER PT J AU VOSS, KA DORNER, JW COLE, RJ AF VOSS, KA DORNER, JW COLE, RJ TI AMELIORATION OF AFLATOXICOSIS IN RATS BY VOLCLAY NF-BC, MICROFINE BENTONITE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; TOXICITY; DIMINUTION; EFFICACY AB Addition of sequestering agents to feeds and foods has been proposed as a protective strategy against mycotoxins. To investigate the efficacy of Volclay, a bentonite clay, to protect against aflatoxicosis, rats were fed peanut butter (50% wt/wt)-based diets containing 1,500 ppb aflatoxin (AF), 1,500 ppb aflatoxin with 0.1% Volclay supplementation (AF-LD), or 1,500 ppb aflatoxin with 1% Volclay supplementation (AF-HD) for 8 weeks. The control group was fed a peanut butter-based diet without aflatoxin or Volclay supplementation and a fifth group was fed the control diet with 1.0% Volclay supplementation (VC). No differences in appearance, behavior, or selected hematological and serum chemical variables were observed. Decreased weight gain, decreased food consumption, and liver lesions consistent with hepatic aflatoxicosis were found in AF-fed rats. Weight gain and food consumption of the AF-HD group were comparable to the control and VC groups and were significantly increased compared to AF-fed rats, even though weekly aflatoxin ingestion of AF-HD rats equaled or exceeded that of the AF group. Body weight and food consumption of the AF-LD group were slightly increased compared to AF group and decreased compared to the control, VC, and AF-HD groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Liver lesions were found in all AF and AF-LD rats. Lesions were also detected in eight of 10 AF-HD-fed rats, but were subtle and significantly less extensive than in AF and AF-LD rats. The data suggest that Volclay is nontoxic and may be an efficacious sequestering agent for residual aflatoxin in peanut butter. C1 USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. RP VOSS, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 56 IS 7 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LL819 UT WOS:A1993LL81900007 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL AF SMITH, JL TI DOCUMENTED OUTBREAKS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS - TRANSMISSION OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII TO HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TISSUE CYSTS; DAIRY GOATS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; COSTA-RICA; INDUCED ABORTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PREGNANT COWS; FED OOCYSTS; INFECTION AB Toxoplasmosis, a disease of mammals and birds, is caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection by the parasite is common (35-50% of the U.S. population are infected), but the disease, toxoplasmosis, is relatively rare and outbreaks of the disease are seldom seen. Documented outbreaks of toxoplasmosis are discussed to illustrate conditions that lead to outbreaks and how T. gondii is transmitted to humans, Recommendations are made of means to prevent introduction of the parasite into the environment and food supply as well as control mechanisms to prevent infection in humans and animals. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 115 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 56 IS 7 BP 630 EP 639 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LL819 UT WOS:A1993LL81900017 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, WE SEARCY, GK DAVIS, CE WILSON, RL AF TOWNSEND, WE SEARCY, GK DAVIS, CE WILSON, RL TI END-POINT TEMPERATURE (EPT) AFFECTS N-ACETYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY IN BEEF, PORK AND TURKEY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE N-ACETYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; THERMAL-PROCESSING; BEEF; PORK; TURKEY AB End-point temperature (EPT) affected N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity in nonfrozen and previously frozen cores and ground samples of beef, pork, turkey breast and ground turkey leg muscle tissue. There was little loss of NAGase activity when heating the products to 40-degrees-C; however, as EPT increased from 40-70-degrees-C, there was (P<0.05) loss of activity. At 70-degrees-C, 90% of activity was lost in beef, 98% in pork, and 93 to 98% in turkey. Inactivation temperature values, IT50, (50% inactivation) were: beef, 59.8-degrees-C; pork, 53.4-degrees-C; turkey breast, 55.6-degrees-C; and turkey leg, 56.6-degrees-C. C1 USDA ARS,BIOMETR UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP TOWNSEND, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 710 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09340.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100006 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G JENKINS, RK AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G JENKINS, RK TI LOW-DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION AND REFRIGERATED STORAGE IN-VACUO AFFECT MICROBIAL-FLORA OF FRESH PORK SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PORK; VACUUM STORAGE; LOW DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION ID DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MICROFLORA; RADIATION; LOINS AB Vacuum-packaged ground fresh pork samples absorbed gamma radiation doses of 0, 0.57, 1.91, 3.76, 5.52, or 7.25 kGy at 2-degrees-C. Samples were analyzed after 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days storage at 2-degrees-C for presence and number of aerobic and anaerobic mesophiles and endospore formers, and aerobic psychrotrophs. Conventional plate counts did not detect surviving microflora in any sample that received an absorbed dose of 1.91 kGy or higher, even after refrigerated storage for up to 35 days. The microflora in the control were predominantly Gram-positive for the first 21 days; however, Serratia predominated at 28 and 35 days. Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and yeast species predominated in samples that received 0.57 kGy. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 717 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09342.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100008 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF SHASHA, BS AF VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF SHASHA, BS TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM RASPBERRY AND STRAWBERRY FRUIT INHIBIT POSTHARVEST DECAY FUNGI SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RASPBERRIES; STRAWBERRIES; POSTHARVEST DECAY; FLAVOR; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; GROWTH; DISEASES; AROMA; VEGETABLES; BERRIES AB Fifteen volatiles released by red raspberries and strawberries during ripening were analyzed for the inhibition of postharvest decay fungi. Five compounds completely inhibited all fungi directly on fruit at 0.4 muL/mL.. Of these, benzaldehyde at 0.04 muL/mL completely inhibited isolated cultures of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, while 1-hexanol, E-2-hexenal and 2-nonanone inhibited all three fungal species at 0.1 muL/mL. When added directly to media, 0.1% (v/v) benzaldehyde or E-2-hexenal inhibited all three species. Starch encapsulated 2-nonanone reduced fungal decay of raspberries and strawberries in enclosed containers after 7 days at 10-degrees-C. RP VAUGHN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 793 EP 796 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09360.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100026 ER PT J AU WALTER, WM FLEMING, HP MCFEETERS, RF AF WALTER, WM FLEMING, HP MCFEETERS, RF TI BASE-MEDIATED FIRMNESS RETENTION OF SWEET-POTATO PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SWEET POTATO; FIRMNESS; PECTIC; PECTIN METHYLESTERASE ID ESTER CONTENT; PECTIN; ACIDS AB Sweetpotato strips vacuum-infiltrated with 0.01-0.15M solutions of Na3PO4, Na2CO3, NH4OH, or NaOH prior to heat processing were firmer than untreated, heat-processed strips. Among the bases Na3PO4 and Na2CO3 were most effective. When base-treated, cooked tissue was adjusted to its normal pH range (5.9-6.2) and reheated, the retention of firmness did not decrease. Using calcium chloride solution in conjunction with base treatment further increased firmness retention. This process was applied on strips but could readily be adapted to other types of sweetpotato products ranging from dice to chunks. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WALTER, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09365.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100031 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF THOMPSON, RL FLEMING, HP AF MCFEETERS, RF THOMPSON, RL FLEMING, HP TI MALIC-ACID ANALYSIS IN CUCUMBER JUICE AND FERMENTATION BRINES IN THE PRESENCE OF INTERFERING FRUCTOSE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALIC ACID; CUCUMBERS; FERMENTATION; FRUCTOSE; LACTIC ACID ID SUGARS; GRAPE AB A procedure was developed for HPLC analysis of malic acid in the presence of an interfering fructose peak with an Aminex HPX-87H column. Fructose in cucumber juice or fermented cucumber brine was reduced to mannitol and sorbitol with sodium borohydride. The sugar alcohols eluted after malic acid and did not absorb light at 210 nm so that malic acid could be quantitatively determined either by refractive index or ultraviolet detectors. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol could also be determined in the sample after reduction of fructose. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MCFEETERS, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09369.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100035 ER PT J AU KIM, HS SEIB, PA CHUNG, OK AF KIM, HS SEIB, PA CHUNG, OK TI D-ERYTHROASCORBIC ACID IN BAKERS-YEAST AND EFFECTS ON WHEAT DOUGH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ERYTHROASCORBIC ACID; WHEAT; DOUGH; YEAST ID ASCORBIC-ACID AB Extraction of hydrated and freeze-dried bakers' yeast yielded almost-equal-to 50 mug erythroascorbic acid (EAA) and 5 mug ascorbic acid (AA)/g dry yeast as determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. D-EAA (82 ppm based on flour) slightly increased the flow of dough as rest time increased. Gluten isolated from a flour-water dough containing 82 ppm D-EAA or 100 ppm L-cysteine stretched at a faster rate than control gluten. EAA like AA did not change dough development time. Unlike AA, EAA showed neither oxidizing effect on dough and gluten nor improving effects on bread. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP KIM, HS (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 845 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09373.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100039 ER PT J AU LI, BW CARDOZO, MS AF LI, BW CARDOZO, MS TI SIMPLIFIED ENZYMATIC-GRAVIMETRIC METHOD FOR TOTAL DIETARY FIBER IN LEGUMES COMPARED WITH A MODIFIED AOAC METHOD SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEGUMES; BEANS; DIETARY FIBER; ANALYSIS ID HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; FOODS; STARCH AB Two methods (an AOAC and a simplified enzymatic-gravimetric method) were used to analyze seven types of canned legumes and eight cooked legumes. Total dietary fiber (TDF) of the canned products ranged between 17% and 23% (dry basis) for chick peas, Great Northern beans, kidney beans, pinto beans, pork & beans, vegetarian beans in tomato sauce, and 27-31% for wax beans. These values were comparable for both methods. However, results on cooked legumes were very different between methods. TDF values for several types of beans and peas were higher and ranged between 31% and 55% by the AOAC/Tris-Mes buffer method as compared to 17% and 29% using the simplified method. Chemical analysis of dietary fiber residues showed the major difference between the methods was in the extent of starch removal as affected by starch gelatinization. RP LI, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BHNRC, NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb09393.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LR511 UT WOS:A1993LR51100059 ER PT J AU SIRMON, J SHANDS, WE LIGGETT, C AF SIRMON, J SHANDS, WE LIGGETT, C TI COMMUNITIES OF INTERESTS AND OPEN DECISION-MAKING SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 PINCHOT INST CONSERVAT,FALLS CHURCH,VA. INST FOREST ANAL PLANNING & POLICY,FALLS CHURCH,VA. RP SIRMON, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 91 IS 7 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LK467 UT WOS:A1993LK46700012 ER PT J AU CONN, J COCKBURN, AF MITCHELL, SE AF CONN, J COCKBURN, AF MITCHELL, SE TI POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MALARIA VECTOR ANOPHELES-AQUASALIS USING MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DROSOPHILA; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; POLYMORPHISMS; ORGANIZATION; MOSQUITO AB Populations of the malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis from Venezuela, Trinidad, and Brazil were analyzed using restriction enzyme digestion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The five enzymes surveyed yielded 12 mtDNA haplotypes. Three restriction endonuclease profiles (Bcl I, Eco RI, and Hind III) differentiated the Venezuelan and Trinidadian A. aquasalis from two Brazilian populations. Estimates of mtDNA sequence divergence between the Venezuelan/Trinidadian populations and each Brazilian population (0.023-0.032), as well as divergence between the two Brazilian populations (0.030), were within the range of interspecific distances calculated for members of anopheline species complexes. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction profiles of the A. aquasalis populations examined were identical. C1 FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,VERO BEACH,FL. RP CONN, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,1600 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009; OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019; Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-31034] NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 84 IS 4 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LR292 UT WOS:A1993LR29200002 PM 8101855 ER PT J AU PALMER, RG GROOSE, RW AF PALMER, RG GROOSE, RW TI A NEW ALLELE AT THE W4 LOCUS DERIVED FROM THE W4-M MUTABLE ALLELE IN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; UNSTABLE MUTATION; ELEMENTS C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP PALMER, RG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 84 IS 4 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LR292 UT WOS:A1993LR29200010 ER PT J AU PIONKE, HB GBUREK, WJ FOLMAR, GJ AF PIONKE, HB GBUREK, WJ FOLMAR, GJ TI QUANTIFYING STORMFLOW COMPONENTS IN A PENNSYLVANIA WATERSHED WHEN O-18 INPUT AND STORM CONDITIONS VARY SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; GROUNDWATER; RUNOFF; STREAM; FLOW AB Four major storms occurring on a 7.4 km2 Pennsylvania watershed during May-June 1990 were used to examine methods for isotopically separating surface and subsurface stormflow components when the O-18 variability in rainfall is known. Rainfalls and the resulting stormflows were incrementally sampled and analyzed for O-18, Si, Na, Cl, Mg, and NO3. Compared with conventionally used methods that input rainfall as a whole-storm value, analysis of the O-18 data by peak rainfall periods rather than by total storm changed the separations the most. In contrast, substituting incremental for total-storm averaging of rainfall O-18 input caused much less change. When the peak and incremental averaging approaches for O-18 were combined into a single method, the O-18-based separations corresponded to the silica-based separations for all storms and Na-based separations for the largest storms. The peak-based methods estimate subsurface contributions to stormflow to be substantially larger than would be estimated by conventionally used total-storm methods. RP PIONKE, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,117 RES OFF BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 148 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90258-B PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LP483 UT WOS:A1993LP48300008 ER PT J AU STRELKOFF, TS FALVEY, HT AF STRELKOFF, TS FALVEY, HT TI NUMERICAL-METHODS USED TO MODEL UNSTEADY CANAL FLOW SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a critical review of numerical methods used to model unsteady flow in canals. The significance of the various forms of the governing equations is outlined, and the problems associated with the evaluation of boundary drag and head loss are introduced. The attributes of the numerical solution techniques are described. These attributes include applicability, accuracy. convenience, and robustness. Both legitimate and nonlegitimate methods of achieving robustness are considered. Approximate hydrologic techniques are viewed from the perspective gained by a review of the complete equations. Characteristic and finite-difference techniques for solving the full equations are compared. Practical difficulties in detecting bore-wave formation during a simulation are noted. Specific techniques are recommended for difficult problems.such as the computation of very shalloW floWS. Practical considerations concerning testing of the techniques and a cautionary note for users of computer-simulation models are given. C1 HENRY T FALVEY & ASSOCIATES INC,CONIFER,CO 80433. RP STRELKOFF, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 119 IS 4 BP 637 EP 655 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:4(637) PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA LN327 UT WOS:A1993LN32700004 ER PT J AU WATSON, DW MARTIN, PAW SCHMIDTMANN, ET AF WATSON, DW MARTIN, PAW SCHMIDTMANN, ET TI EGG-YOLK AND BACTERIA GROWTH-MEDIUM FOR MUSCA-DOMESTICA (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DIET; REARING ID SURVIVAL; FLY AB Six preparations of egg yolk media inoculated with Escherichia coli (Migula) were evaluated as an in vitro growth system for immature house flies, Musca domestica L. Larval development, based on pupation and eclosion success, was normal on all media supplemented with E. coli, but few larvae survived without bacteria (4%). Pupation (72%) and eclosion (63%) were significantly higher on egg yolk media without mannitol than on media with mannitol or on blood agar controls. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 30 IS 4 BP 820 EP 823 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LL093 UT WOS:A1993LL09300025 PM 8360911 ER PT J AU ZHANG, MH HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ AF ZHANG, MH HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ TI THE COOPERATION OF ADIPOCYTES AND STROMAL CELLS IN THE SECRETION OF PROSTAGLANDINS BY RAT ADIPOSE-TISSUE IS NOT INFLUENCED BY DIET SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PROSTAGLANDIN; ADIPOCYTE; STROMAL CELL; DIETARY FAT; RATS ID PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION; LIPOLYSIS; INDOMETHACIN; STIMULATION; FAT AB This study examined the influence of dietary essential fatty acids on the cooperativity of isolated adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a diet rich in essential fatty acids (20% corn oil) or a diet poor in essential fatty acids (20% tallow) for 4 wk. Preparations containing primarily adipose cells (adipocytes) or stromal-vascular cells (nonfat cells) were obtained from epididymal fat pads by collagenase digestion and repeatedly washed. Prostaglandin production was evaluated in basal and epinephrine-stimulated media after incubation with either adipocytes or adipocytes + nonfat cells. Prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin production by adipocytes + nonfat cells was dose-dependent with epinephrine stimulation in cells from rats fed both diets. Both prostaglandin E2 and glycerol release in response to epinephrine (10-100 mumol/L) stimulation from adipocytes or from adipocytes + nonfat cells were significantly higher for cells from corn oil-fed rats than for cells from tallow-fed rats. Regardless of dietary treatment, epinephrine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin release from adipocytes + nonfat cells was much greater than from adipocytes. These results suggest that a diet high in essential fatty acids precipitates a higher prostaglandin E2 secretion and that nonfat cells potentiate the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin by adipocytes regardless of diet. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1203 EP 1207 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LK562 UT WOS:A1993LK56200003 PM 8320561 ER PT J AU WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM AF WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM TI RETINOIC ACID REGULATES RETINOL METABOLISM VIA FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF RETINOL OXIDATION AND STIMULATION OF RETINOL ESTERIFICATION IN FERRET LIVER SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RETINOIDS; REGULATION; LIVER MICROSOMES; LIVER CYTOSOL; FERRETS ID BINDING-PROTEIN; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAT-LIVER; MICROSOMES; PLASMA; DIFFERENTIATION; DEHYDROGENASE; FENRETINIDE AB When the plasma concentration of retinoic acid is increased, there is an accompanying reduction of circulating levels of retinol, suggesting that retinoic acid may have a regulatory effect on retinol metabolism in vivo. To determine which specific step(s) of retinol metabolism might be regulated by retinoic acid, retinol was incubated with ferret liver microsomes or cytosol with retinoic acid in vitro. Incubating the microsomal fraction with retinoic acid resulted in a dose-dependent (up to 0.5 /mumol/L) decrease in the formation of retinal. On the contrary, no retinoic acid inhibitory effect was observed on retinal synthesis in the cytosol incubation, or in the cytosol plus microsome incubation. However, when retinoic acid was added to the cytosolic incubation mixture in the presence of the retinal oxidative inhibitor, citral, a dose-dependent inhibition of retinal synthesis was observed. Furthermore, the effect of retinoic acid on retinyl ester metabolism in ferret liver was studied by using endogenous retinyl esters of ferret liver as the substrate. When retinoic acid was added to the incubation mixture of microsomes plus cytosol, small, non-significant increases in retinol and retinyl esters were observed. When retinoic acid was added in the presence of citral, both the inhibition of retinol oxidation and the stimulation of retinol esterification were dose dependent up to approximately 0.3 mumol/L and then remained the same up to 1.0 mumol/L. These data strongly suggest that retinoic acid has a regulatory effect on retinol metabolism in ferret liver, which may occur via feedback inhibition of retinol oxidation and stimulation of retinol esterification. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195-01] NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1277 EP 1285 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LK562 UT WOS:A1993LK56200011 PM 8320566 ER PT J AU BORRUD, LG KREBSSMITH, SM FRIEDMAN, L GUENTHER, PM AF BORRUD, LG KREBSSMITH, SM FRIEDMAN, L GUENTHER, PM TI FOOD AND NUTRIENT INTAKES OF PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Food and nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in the U.S. were estimated using 24-hour dietary recall data from USDA's 1985 and 1986 Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals. Comparisons were made with intakes of nonpregnant and nonlactating (other) women and with dietary recommendations. Pregnant and lactating women were more likely to use milk products and to consume larger amounts of these products than were other women; however, reported intakes were still below recommended levels. The results also suggest that many pregnant and lactating women consume less than the recommended amounts of vegetables, fruits, and meat, poultry, fish, and meat alternates. Absolute intakes of most nutrients were higher among pregnant and lactating women than among other women. However, except for some nutrients provided by milk products and fruit, nutrient intakes per 1000 kcal were similar between pregnant and lactating women and other women. Pregnant women consumed 66% of their RDA for folate and only 43% of their RDA for iron. Lactating women consumed 63% of their RDA for zinc. RP BORRUD, LG (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 176 EP 185 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NJ464 UT WOS:A1993NJ46400004 ER PT J AU TORBERT, HA HOEFT, RG VANDENHEUVEL, RM MULVANEY, RL HOLLINGER, SE AF TORBERT, HA HOEFT, RG VANDENHEUVEL, RM MULVANEY, RL HOLLINGER, SE TI SHORT-TERM EXCESS WATER IMPACT ON CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN RECOVERY SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Optimum N management for soils which can have short-term, early-season periods of excessive soil water requires farmers to balance economic and environmental concerns. The objectives of this study were to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) yield and N fertilizer recovery following 0, 4, or 6 in. of excess soil water. Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1988 on Cisne silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Mollic Albaqualf), Drummer silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll), and Plainfield sand (mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamment) at three Illinois locations. Water stress was imposed by applying 0, 4, or 6 in. of water to soils at field capacity (0.33 bar). Fertilizer rates ranged from 0 to 200 lb N/acre with an additional 50 lb N/acre being applied to half the plot following the water stress treatments. Isotopic N-15 was used for the 150 lb N/acre treatment. Relative yield on Drummer decreased approximately 1% for each day soil water tension was below 0.33 bar. On Cisne, three stress days decreased yields less than 1%, but 7 d increased the loss to about 5%. Regression equations showed that even with 200 lb N/acre, 17 in. of water during May and June resulted in yields that were only 18% of those produced with 5 in. on a Plainfield sand. Fertilizer recovery averaged 88, 61, and 61% for Cisne; 83, 50, and 44% for Drummer; and 25, 8, and 13% for Plainfield soils with 0, 4, and 6 in. of excess,water. Denitrification was the primary loss mechanism for the Cisne and Drummer soils, while for the Plainfield sand, it was leaching. Equations developed from this study will result in more economical and environmentally sustainable N management decisions. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND FORAGE RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76503. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC310 UT WOS:A1993MC31000001 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC RHODES, WK AF LEFFEL, RC RHODES, WK TI AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIGH-SEED-PROTEIN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The long-term trend in relative value of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] protein and oil is toward greater value of protein, thus furthering interests in the potential for increasing seed protein concentration in soybean. If a change in U.S. soybean breeding strategy for improving seed protein levels is required, it should be based on sound economic and biological principles. This research was conducted to: (i) develop high-protein soybean germplasm adapted to Mid-Atlantic latitudes; and (ii) compare agronomic performance, economic value, and stability of performance of resulting genotypes with that of normal-protein soybean cultivars. Fifty-two high-protein soybean lines were developed and evaluated in field tests in 1988 and 1989. Seven of the highest yielding high-protein lines, seven advanced commercial lines, and 'Essex' were evaluated in 11 field tests in 1990. All lines in all tests were evaluated for seed protein and oil, seed yield, and other agronomic characters. High-protein lines were: (i) superior for seed protein concentration and approximate processed value (APV) per bushel; (ii) inferior for seed yield and oil concentration and APV per acre; and (iii) less able to use environmental yield potential, with a decreased seed protein and increased seed oil, as compared with commercial cultivars. Extensive regional testing, including environments with very high seed yield potential, will be required to more precisely describe the biological and economic trade-offs for high-protein vs. normal-protein soybeans. RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 365 EP 368 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC310 UT WOS:A1993MC31000006 ER PT J AU WESTERMANN, DT CROTHERS, SE AF WESTERMANN, DT CROTHERS, SE TI NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION OF WHEAT NO-TILL PLANTED IN ALFALFA STUBBLE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Conservation tillage practices significantly reduce soil erosion, improve water distribution, and decrease environmental concerns in furrow-irrigated fields. Developing optimum N fertilization practices after legumes in these systems will help their adoption. We conducted three field studies on a silt loam soil to determine if N fertilizer is required for furrow-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planted in herbicide killed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stubble. Fall regrowth of alfalfa was sprayed with a mixture of 1 qt glyphosphate and 2 qt 2,4-D/acre. 'Stephens', a soft white winter wheat was planted with a double disk opener drill in two experiments and 'Bronze Chief', a hard red spring wheat in a third experiment. Nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) was spring broadcast at four rates from 0 to 200 or 240 lb N/acre. The buried plastic bag technique estimated available N (EAN); above ground whole plant samples estimated root zone nitrate-N; and grain plot yields estimated with a combine. Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield in all experiments because sufficient N had not mineralized from soil and legume residues before uptake needs of the wheat. The wheat plant at the soft dough growth stage contained about 109 lb N/acre from N mineralized from soil and legume residue sources. The apparent N fertilizer recovery calculated by a combined regression relationship between N uptake and fertilizer rates was 76%. The average plant recovery of mineralized N at maximum grain yields was calculated at 78%. Crops planted in herbicide killed alfalfa should be selected so sufficient nitrate-N can accumulate from mineralization before maximum crop uptake and for N uptake ability in late summer. Nitrogen fertilizer applications should be based on a spring soil test for nitrate-N in this no-till system. Both practices will reduce the potential for nitrate-N leaching losses. RP WESTERMANN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC310 UT WOS:A1993MC31000013 ER PT J AU TURNER, KE WEST, CP PIPER, EL MASHBURN, SA MOUBARAK, AS AF TURNER, KE WEST, CP PIPER, EL MASHBURN, SA MOUBARAK, AS TI QUALITY AND ERGOVALINE CONTENT OF TALL FESCUE SILAGE AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST STAGE AND ADDITION OF POULTRY LITTER AND INOCULUM SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Alternative methods of managing endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum)-infected (EI) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are needed to reduce the severity of fescue toxicosis in cattle. Two field experiments were conducted at Fayetteville, AR to determine the effect of adding silage inoculant or poultry litter and harvesting at two maturities on tall fescue silage quality and ergovaline concentration. In Experiment 1, mature, EI tall fescue (85% of plants infected) was chopped and mixed with broiler litter at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% litter (0, 12, 27, 46, 69, and 100% litter on a dry weight basis). Each mixture was also either inoculated or noninoculated with a mixture of dried fermentation products of Streptococcus lactus, Lactobacillis caseii, L. plantarum, and Aspergillus oryzae plus nutrients. Inoculated silage had lower (P < 0.01) pH than noninoculated silage except in the 100% litter treatment (inoculation x litter level interaction of P < 0.05). Increasing proportions of litter increased concentrations of ash, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and nitrogenous compounds and lowered concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.01). Lactic acid concentration was highest (P < 0.01) in silage containing no litter. No nutritional advantage to ensiling poultry litter with tall fescue was found. In Experiment 2, El (85% infected) and endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue was chopped at the boot stage (24 April) or early mature-seed stage (4 June) and ensiled for 60 d. Silage from forage harvested at the boot stage had higher (P < 0.05) lactic:butyric acid ratio, and lower (P < 0.05) pH and butyric acid concentration than silage harvested at the mature seed stage. In Experiments 1 and 2, ergovaline concentration of EI fescue was not affected by the ensiling process, but was lower (P < 0.07) in boot-stage than mature-seed-stage forage. Ensiling allows harvesting of El tall fescue at a relatively early maturity stage, thereby providing higher quality forage with reduced risk of rain damage or ergovaline toxicity than with harvesting late-maturity tall fescue. RP TURNER, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ASWCRL,POB 867,AIRPORT RD,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC310 UT WOS:A1993MC31000017 ER PT J AU MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH HARTEN, TM AF MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH HARTEN, TM TI IMPROVING INTERFIBER BONDING OF RECYCLED FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FIBER BONDING; RECLAIMED FIBERS; OZONE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; CHLORITES; NEWSPRINT; RECYCLING; BONDING STRENGTH; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; WATER MANAGEMENT AB Gas phase treatments of dry-fiberized newsprint were investigated as a way to improve interfibre bonding and thereby to minimize the use of water for recycling newsprint. Chlorine dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were studied as gaseous oxidizing agents. The report includes the results of an optimization study for the ozone treatment and results of experiments designed to establish the mechanism by which ozone enhances interfibre bond strength. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP MINOR, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA 1155 METCALFE ST, SUN LIFE BLDG, STE 1900, MONTREAL PQ H3B 4T6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP J152 EP J155 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA LP497 UT WOS:A1993LP49700003 ER PT J AU MACCRACKEN, JG VANBALLENBERGHE, V AF MACCRACKEN, JG VANBALLENBERGHE, V TI MASS-DIAMETER REGRESSIONS FOR MOOSE BROWSE ON THE COPPER RIVER DELTA, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; ALCES-ALCES; BROWSE; COPPER RIVER DELTA; MASS ESTIMATES; MOOSE; PREDICTIVE REGRESSION EQUATIONS ID WEIGHT RELATIONS; EQUATIONS AB Regression equations were developed to predict 3 mass components of 7 browse species important to moose (Alces alces gigas) on the Copper River Delta in southcentral Alaska. The accuracy of model predictions was the criterion for model selection. Model accuracy was evaluated using data splitting or jackknife procedures. Annual production of twigs and leaves and available twig mass on a stem were most accurately predicted from stem basal diameter with zero intercept models, zero intercept log-linear models, or log-log models. Twig mass eaten by moose was most accurately predicted from the diameter at the point of browsing of a twig with zero intercept or full linear models. Heteroskedasticity was significant (P<0.05) in most of the data sets and could not be significantly reduced with log transformations or use of weighted least squares models. Heteroskedasticity appeared to have a relatively minor effect on model predictions. Most of the models gave mean predictions within +/- 20% of the actual values, particularly for the most ubiquitous species that were also the most important to moose. For each species, there were few differences (P<0.05) in model coefficients between years and among habitat types. Differences in coefficient estimates appeared to be related to differences in stem morphology that were related to both site conditions and past browsing by moose. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA,FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 46 IS 4 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.2307/4002462 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN467 UT WOS:A1993LN46700004 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA WIGHT, JR MOWBRAY, JE AF YOUNG, JA WIGHT, JR MOWBRAY, JE TI FIELD STRATIFICATION OF ANTELOPE BITTERBRUSH SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BROWSE REGENERATION; SEED AND SEEDBED ECOLOGY; MICROENVIRONMENT ID GERMINATION AB The germination ecology of antelope bitterbrush [Purshia tridentata (Pursh) Nutt.] seed has probably been investigated more than any other range shrub. Seeds of this valuable browse species are known to require moist prechilling before they will germinate. Our purpose was to investigate the nature of this dormancy breaking by placing packages (2 X 2-mm mesh screen) of seeds on the surface and buried in the seedbed at several locations in Idaho and Nevada and to recover the seeds monthly through the winter. The seeds were categorized based on their being: (a) capable of germinating; (b) dormant; or (c) dead at each recovery. The seedbeds of the 2 sites in Nevada, during 2 years of drought. were not sufficiently wet to bring large amounts of the antelope bitterbrush seeds out of dormancy. The seeds did not rot in the field. and being protected from predation, they remained dormant in the seedbed. The highest elevation site in Idaho had as high as 80% of the seeds lose dormancy. If seedbed microenvironmental conditions were satisfactory, the inherent seed dormancy was lost by midwinter. Snow cover, as it influences seedbed moisture and temperatures, apparently is an important factor in the prechilling of antelope bitterbrush seeds. C1 NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83705. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 46 IS 4 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.2307/4002467 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN467 UT WOS:A1993LN46700009 ER PT J AU HAFERKAMP, MR VOLESKY, JD BORMAN, MM HEITSCHMIDT, RK CURRIE, PO AF HAFERKAMP, MR VOLESKY, JD BORMAN, MM HEITSCHMIDT, RK CURRIE, PO TI EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL TREATMENTS AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; JAPANESE BROME; DROUGHT; STANDING CROP; ANNUAL GRASS COMPETITION ID FORAGE PRODUCTION; WATER-USE; FERTILIZATION AB Impacts of 7 range treatments and climate on late spring herbage standing crops (SC) were measured in rangelands near Miles City, Mont., from 1983 to 1990. Treatments, established in 8 pastures at 2 sites, were: (1) untreated control + season long grazing (SL); (2) soil tillage (ST) + SL; (3) ST + drill seeding legumes (DS) + SL; (4) brush control (BC) + ST + DS + switchback grazing (utilizing 2 pastures); (5) BC + ST + DS + SL; (6) ST + nitrogen fertilization + SL; and (7) contour furrowing (CF) + aerial seeding legumes + SL. Data were analyzed using years as a repeated measure. Treatments increased (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) total SC 320 kg/ha over controls, but did not affect species/species group composition. Treated pastures produced similar (p greater-than-or-equal-to 0.10) SC of 881 kg/ha. Total SC averaged 490 kg/ha more (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in 1983, 1986, 1987, 1989, and 1990 than in 1984, 1985, and 1988. Perennial cool-season grass SC was greatest in 1986 (651 kg/ha). Peak annual grass SC (337-506 kg/ha) occurred in 1983 and 1984, the 2 years following ST or CF, and 1989 and 1990, the 2 years following severe drought. Although regression analyses showed fall, winter, and spring precipitation and temperature were closely related to spring SC, less than 50% of the variation in SC was accounted for when precipitation and temperature were summed on a 1-month, 2-month, or 3-month basis. Above-average fall and spring precipitation (September and April) resulted in the greatest total SC. Species composition varied temporally with changing weather conditions and management strategies. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDI,BLM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HAFERKAMP, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 46 IS 4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.2307/4002470 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN467 UT WOS:A1993LN46700012 ER PT J AU WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI BROOM SNAKEWEED RESPONSES TO DROUGHT .1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CONDUCTANCE, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RANGELAND XEROPHYTES; WATER RELATIONS; GAS EXCHANGE; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; CANOPY DEVELOPMENT ID ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; SOIL-MOISTURE AB The effects of water deficit on photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, canopy development, and water-use efficiency of broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt and Rusby) were studied during the spring-summer growing season in pot-grown plants subjected to 5 soil water regimes. Stomatal conductance was proportionately more reduced by a mild water stress (soil water potential = -0.2 MPa) than were canopy development and photosynthesis. However canopy development was most affected by moderate to severe soil water deficit (<-1.1 MPa), followed by photosynthesis; transpiration and leaf conductance were least affected. When subjected to severe water stress, broom snakeweed controlled its water loss mainly through reduced canopy development rather than stomatal closure. Photosynthesis was more limited by mesophyll conductance than by stomatal conductance. Water-use efficiency was not affected by mild water stress. As soil water deficit developed, water-use efficiency declined, which was a response to nonstomatal limitation to photosynthesis and less sensitive stomata to severe water deficit. Broom snakeweed maintained positive net photosynthesis at soil water potential as low as -3.4 MPa and leaf water potential of -8.19 MPa. Water-spending behavior (low water-use efficiency) and high degree of drought tolerance were the main physiological characteristics of broom snakeweed subjected to water stress. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 46 IS 4 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.2307/4002472 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN467 UT WOS:A1993LN46700014 ER PT J AU WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI BROOM SNAKEWEED RESPONSES TO DROUGHT .2. ROOT-GROWTH, CARBON ALLOCATION, AND MORTALITY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RANGELAND XEROPHYTES; WATER RELATIONS; ROOT SHOOT RATIO; ROOT LENGTH DENSITY; DROUGHT DAMAGE ID XYLEM EMBOLISM; WATER-STRESS; PLANTS AB The effects of soil water deficit on root growth, carbon allocation, and plant mortality of broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt and Rusby) were studied during the spring-summer growing season in plants subjected to different soil water regimes. As soil water deficit developed, root length density decreased, indicating that water deficit reduced root proliferation. Root/shoot ratio remained unchanged (p>0.05) as soil water potential decreased from -0.023 MPa to -2 MPa; but it became higher (p<0.05) in extremely stressed plants (-3.4 MPa), indicating that root growth was favored over shoot growth. Root length density was more closely correlated with green tissue dry weight/-stem dry weight ratio (r = 0.82, p<0.0001) than with root/shoot ratio (r = 0.52, p<0.05). This suggests that (1) expansion of photosynthetic area was more sensitive than stem growth to water deficit and (2) carbon allocation within the shoot was more sensitive to water deficit than allocation between root and shoot. Plants died when gravimetric soil water decreased to around 0.03 g g-1 (equivalent to a soil water potential of -7.5 MPa). The leaf relative water content just before death was about 0.50. Soil water content in the top 20 or 30 cm of the profile is the single most important factor determining mortality of the snakeweed plant and can be used in making decisions in snakeweed control programs. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX. RP WAN, CG (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 46 IS 4 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.2307/4002473 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN467 UT WOS:A1993LN46700015 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA LIPNICK, RN VIEIRA, NE STUFF, JE YERGEY, AL AF ABRAMS, SA LIPNICK, RN VIEIRA, NE STUFF, JE YERGEY, AL TI CALCIUM-ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS ASSESSED USING STABLE ISOTOPES SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; STABLE ISOTOPES; JRA ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; EXCRETION AB Objective. To assess calcium intake, absorption, urinary excretion and the fraction of urinary calcium originating from bone and diet in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Methods. A dual tracer stable isotope technique was used to study 6 girls and 3 boys with JRA. Results. Fractional absorption in the 6 girls, ages 4-9, with JRA was significantly lower than that in 10 similar, healthy girls (22.6 +/- 4.7% vs 30.4 +/- 8.4%, p = 0.033). Urinary calcium excretion tended to be higher in the girls with JRA than in controls, (2.9 +/- 1.5 vs 1.6 +/- 1.7, p = 0.15). The urinary calcium in patients with JRA was derived principally from bone, and there was no increase in diet derived urinary calcium. One of the boys with new onset JRA was markedly hypercalciuric and in negative calcium balance (-222 mg/day). Conclusion. Our data show that hypercalciuria in patients with JRA results from bone resorption, not hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and suggest that increases in calcium intake may benefit children with JRA. C1 CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1196 EP 1200 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA LM769 UT WOS:A1993LM76900021 PM 8371217 ER PT J AU RHOTON, FE GRISSINGER, EH BIGHAM, JM AF RHOTON, FE GRISSINGER, EH BIGHAM, JM TI AN IMPROVED SUCTION APPARATUS FOR PLATING CLAY SPECIMENS ONTO CERAMIC TILES SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Article C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP RHOTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD JUL PY 1993 VL 63 IS 4 BP 763 EP 765 PG 3 WC Geology SC Geology GA LQ114 UT WOS:A1993LQ11400025 ER PT J AU ZINN, J SMITH, R DONALDSON, R ESSELS, JD KAUFMAN, D AF ZINN, J SMITH, R DONALDSON, R ESSELS, JD KAUFMAN, D TI HOW ARE SOIL-EROSION CONTROL PROGRAMS WORKING SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DE KALB,IL 60115. AMER FARMLAND TRUST,CTR AGR ENVIRONM,WASHINGTON,DC. USDA,OFF INSPECTOR GEN,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 254 EP 260 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LM065 UT WOS:A1993LM06500007 ER PT J AU OSBORN, T BROWNBACK, S SCHAMBERGER, M AF OSBORN, T BROWNBACK, S SCHAMBERGER, M TI THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM - STATUS, FUTURE, AND POLICY OPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP OSBORN, T (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LM065 UT WOS:A1993LM06500010 ER PT J AU BRIDGE, G AF BRIDGE, G TI IS WHOLE-FARM CONSERVATION PLANNING THE ANSWER SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP BRIDGE, G (reprint author), USDA,SCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LM065 UT WOS:A1993LM06500014 ER PT J AU LENTZ, RD DOWDY, RH RUST, RH AF LENTZ, RD DOWDY, RH RUST, RH TI SOIL PROPERTY PATTERNS AND TOPOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB The pattern of ephemeral gully erosion and associated soil properties were investigated in three southeastern Minnesota soilscapes during 1988 and 1989. The associations between topographic attributes and erosion characteristics of sample sites were also examined. No ephemeral erosion was measured after the investigation began in the drought year of 1988. In 1989 soil lost from ephemeral gullies ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 Mg/ha (.4 to .7 ton/ac) at the study sites, or one-tenth of that reported in the literature for similar watersheds. Pre-1988 data available at one site showed that soil voidage was an order of magnitude greater during the wetter-than-normal 1986 season. A simple erosion model predicting topsoil removal and subsoil mixing in upper reaches and deposition in lower ephemeral gully reaches, does not accurately describe erosion processes in these landscapes. Impact of ephemeral erosion on soil properties in landscapes varied depending on relative 1) rill and interrill contributions, 2) proclivity for channel drifting, and 3) occurrence of depositional sorting in channels. Topographically sensitive controls of ephemeral erosion, such as surface saturation and stream transport capacity; played different roles in channel formation at each site. Topographic indices most useful for predicting ephemeral erosion were planform curvature, profile curvature.slope, Ln (unit area/slope), unit area.slope, and planform curvature.upstream contributing area.slope. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LENTZ, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 354 EP 361 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LM065 UT WOS:A1993LM06500033 ER PT J AU ZUZEL, JF ALLMARAS, RR GREENWALT, RN AF ZUZEL, JF ALLMARAS, RR GREENWALT, RN TI TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF RUNOFF AND SOIL-EROSION AT A SITE IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY AB Average annual erosion predictions have marginal success in the Pacific Northwest perhaps because of variability of natural features related to runoff and soil erosion. Hydrologic frequency analysis and probability theory were used to analyze 12 years of runoff and erosion data from continuous fallow, fall-seeded winter wheat, and fall-plowed wheat stubble at a site in eastern Oregon. Relatively rare events are the major contributors to long-term soil losses for both discrete erosion events and seasonal erosion volumes. The soil loss tolerance for this soil type was never exceeded for discrete events on either the fall-seeded winter wheat or fall-plowed wheat stubble. Seasonal soil loss exceeded the soil loss tolerance in only one of twelve years for winter wheat and was never exceeded for the fall-plowed treatment. Soil losses over the long-term should not exceed soil loss tolerance values at this site under the soil management conditions used during this experiment. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ZUZEL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LM065 UT WOS:A1993LM06500036 ER PT J AU WILKINSON, TL AF WILKINSON, TL TI BOLTED CONNECTION DESIGN VALUES BASED ON EUROPEAN YIELD MODEL SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the calibration of connection strengths predicted by the European yield model (EYM) to the design values for bolted connections tabulated in the 1986 National Design Specification (NDS). Predicted EYM strengths were compared with 1986 NDS design values to arrive at recommended calibration factors for two- and three-member connections with wood and steel side members loaded parallel and perpendicular to grain over the design space. Design values were changed as a result of basing the bolt-bearing strength of the wood on the specific gravity of a species. Use of Hankinson's formula with bolt-bearing strength was found to be more expedient for loads at an angle to the grain than using the formula with design values for parallel- and perpendicular-to-grain loading. The recommended calibration factors result in some increases and decreases in design values. These factors have been incorporated into te 1991 NDS and a proposed specification for load and resistance factor design (LRFD). RP WILKINSON, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 2169 EP 2186 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:7(2169) PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA LH278 UT WOS:A1993LH27800011 ER PT J AU KNAEBE, M WILLIAMS, RS AF KNAEBE, M WILLIAMS, RS TI DETERMINING PAINT ADHESION TO WOOD USING A UNIFORM DOUBLE-CANTILEVER BEAM TECHNIQUE SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE PAINT; UNIFORM DOUBLE-CANTILEVER BEAM (UDCB); FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; ADHESION; ADHESIVE STRENGTH; BOND STRENGTH AB Accurately predicting paint adhesion without the lengthy time required for typical exposure and evaluation is advantageous. Mechanical tests that use shear block, lap shear, or tensile specimens to measure paint adhesion result in large data variability, making it difficult to differentiate subtle changes in adhesive strength. The objective of this study was to decrease the variability of measured paint adhesion in fracture toughness tests. Preliminary and computer-aided experiments were conducted using uniform double-cantilever beam (UDCB) and shear block specimens. The coefficient of variation (COV) for the shear block tests was about 15%. The UDCB specimens cut from the same panels as the shear block specimens had a COV of 10%. Computer-aided tests of UDCB specimens gave a COV of less than 5%. Results show that using UDCB specimens with the aid of a computer is an excellent technique for determining paint adhesion to wood. RP KNAEBE, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 272 EP 279 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA LK266 UT WOS:A1993LK26600006 ER PT J AU FOX, D AF FOX, D TI THE PLAN FOR CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP FOX, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7 BP 932 EP 932 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LN386 UT WOS:A1993LN38600001 ER PT J AU WIECHA, JL DWYER, JT JACQUES, PF RAND, WM AF WIECHA, JL DWYER, JT JACQUES, PF RAND, WM TI NUTRITIONAL AND ECONOMIC-ADVANTAGES FOR HOMELESS FAMILIES IN SHELTERS PROVIDING KITCHEN FACILITIES AND FOOD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; WOMEN AB Food habits were examined in homeless families in Boston-area hotels and family shelters Reported household income, food expenditures, food sources, and attitudes were analyzed for 77 caretakers grouped according to kitchen facilities provided and amount of food provided. Diets were analyzed using a 4-week semiquantitatives food-frequency questionnaire for 71 female respondents grouped by type of residence (hotel or shelter). Median monthly income was $589 and was similar among groups. Mean monthly food expenditures were lower for those who lived in shelters that provided standard kitchen facilities and substantial food support compared with those who lived in hotels without these amenities ($93 vs $244; P < .05). Compared with others, respondents who lived in hotels reported purchasing food more frequently (P < .05), were more likely to use food pantries (P < .01), and had fewer food items on hand (P < .01). They were less likely to be satisfied with their diets, access to food, and cooking and food storage facilities (P < .05). Nutrient intakes were frequently below two thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin B-6 (63% of respondents), calcium (44%), and iron (44%). Vitamin A intakes were lower in hotel residents, as were vitamin B-6, (63% of respondents and zinc per 1,000 kcal (P < .05). We conclude that services provided to homeless families in shelters and hotels may influence food expenditures, food procurement, and women's diets. Nutrition professionals should consider the availability of kitchen facilities and food when counseling homeless families. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP WIECHA, JL (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,GROWTH & NUTR PROGRAM,150 TREMONT ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ9120] NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 7 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91752-C PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LT801 UT WOS:A1993LT80100007 PM 8320404 ER PT J AU PIAZZA, GJ BISTLINE, RG BILYK, A FEAIRHELLER, SH HAAS, MJ AF PIAZZA, GJ BISTLINE, RG BILYK, A FEAIRHELLER, SH HAAS, MJ TI A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SECONDARY FATTY AMIDES II - THE PREPARATION OF RICINOLEAMIDE FROM CASTOR-OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE AMIDATION; AMIDE; ETA-BUTYLAMINE; N-ETA-BUTYL-12-HYDROXY-(9Z)-OCTADECENAMIDE; CASTOR OIL; 1,4-DIOXANE; 12-HYDROXY-9(Z)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; METHYL-ETA-BUTYLAMINE; O-METHYL-12-HYDROXY-(9Z)-OCTADECENATE AB The butyl amide of ricinoleic acid (N-n-butyl-12-hydroxy-(9Z)-octadecenamide) was prepared from a neat mixture of castor oil and n-butylamine (fatty ester/amine molar ratio, 1:1.3). No catalyst was required. The identity and purity of the amide was assessed by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed by elemental analysis and by infrared and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High product yields were achieved at 45 and 65-degrees-C in 48 and 20 h, respectively. The reaction was inhibited by the addition of trimethylpentane and dioxane, but not by water. An attempt was made to prepare the amide from methyl ricinoleate, rather than castor oil; even after 10 d only partial conversion was achieved. Attempts to prepare the amide from methyl-n-butylamine, rather than n-butylamine, were also unsuccessful. The ease with which secondary fatty amides can be produced from an oil that consists primarily of the glycerol esters of hydroxylated fatty acids indicates that the described procedure has industrial utility. RP PIAZZA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 70 IS 7 BP 727 EP 729 DI 10.1007/BF02641011 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LL505 UT WOS:A1993LL50500013 ER PT J AU SHELLIE, KC FIRKO, MJ MANGAN, RL AF SHELLIE, KC FIRKO, MJ MANGAN, RL TI PHYTOTOXIC RESPONSE OF DANCY TANGERINE TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE, MOIST, FORCED-AIR TREATMENT FOR FRUIT-FLY DISINFESTATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QUARANTINE; POSTHARVEST; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; CITRUS-RETICULATA; QUALITY; RESPIRATION; STORAGE ID INSECT QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; GRAPEFRUIT; QUALITY AB Early season degreened 'Dancy' tangerines (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were size graded and subjected to high-temperature, moist, forced-air (HTMFA) treatments using air at 45, 46, or 48C for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. The phytotoxic response of fruit to the heat treatments was evaluated immediately after treatment and weekly during 3 weeks of cold (4C) storage. Mortality of nonfeeding, third instar Mexican fruit fly [(Anastrepha ludens (Loew)] larvae was estimated for each time-temperature heat treatment combination in water baths that simulated the heating and cooling profiles of heat-treated fruit. Unacceptable phytotoxic symptoms, such as inferior flavor and darkened flavedo tissue, were observed when fruit was treated at 46 or 48C. Fruit heated with 45C forced moist air had flavedo color change (DELTAL*), percent juice yield, soluble solids concentration, and flavor ratings that were statistically similar to ratings for unheated, control fruit. An HTMFA treatment of 3 or 4 hours at 45,46, or 48C and subsequent cooling was sufficient to kill 100% of naked larvae in water baths. Market quality of fruit was maintained after a 4-hour HTMFA treatment at 45C, and 100% mortality of naked larvae occurred after 3 hours at 45C. RP SHELLIE, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LX521 UT WOS:A1993LX52100008 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR AF DRAKE, SR TI SHORT-TERM CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE IMPROVED QUALITY OF SEVERAL APPLE CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FIRMNESS; ACIDITY; COLOR AB Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for 30 or 60 days reduced quality losses for 'Jonagold', 'Golden Delicious', 'Delicious', 'Granny Smith', and 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). After 30 days 'Jonagold' and 'Golden Delicious' from CA were firmer, had higher acidity, and were less yellow (more green) than apples from regular atmosphere (RA) storage. 'Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' were firmer after 60 days of CA storage than fruit from RA. In addition, 'Granny Smith' from CA had more acid and were greener than apples from RA. After 8 days of ambient storage, little loss in firmness and no loss in acid content occurred with 'Jonagold' or 'Golden Delicious' from CA compared to the significant loss in firmness and acid when stored in RA. After ambient storage for 8 days, 'Jonagold', 'Golden Delicious', and' Granny Smith' retained a freshly harvested apple color with more green and less yellow development when stored in CA rather than RA. In 'Fuji', the treatments had no effect except for improved acid retention if stored in CA. A combination of 30 days CA followed by 30 days RA produced 'Jonagold', 'Golden Delicious', and 'Delicious' that were superior in quality to apples from 60 days RA. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 486 EP 489 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LX521 UT WOS:A1993LX52100009 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, RE MCCOLLUM, TG NORDBY, HE AF MCDONALD, RE MCCOLLUM, TG NORDBY, HE TI TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING AND SURFACE TREATMENTS OF GRAPEFRUIT AFFECT EXPRESSION OF CHILLING INJURY AND GAS-DIFFUSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; WEIGHT LOSS; POSTHARVEST; SQUALENE; SQUALANE; SAFFLOWER OIL; FLAVORSEAL ID ZUCCHINI SQUASH; STORAGE; OXYGEN; ATMOSPHERES; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; ETHYLENE; FRUIT; CO2; WAX AB 'Marsh' Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were temperature conditioned (7 days at 15C), wiped with hexane, treated with squalene, squalane, or safflower oil (all 10% in hexane), or waxed with a commercial fruit wax (Flavorseal) to determine their effects on weight loss, chilling injury (CI) symptoms on the peel, and gas exchange. Following 3 weeks of storage at 5C, wiping fruit with hexane resulted in a significant decrease in weight loss, but not CI. Temperature conditioning and Flavorseal independently inhibited weight loss and CI development. Squalene inhibited CI development, but not weight loss. Chilling injury on fruit treated with squalene or Flavorseal was similar in appearance, but significantly less common than that on nontreated fruit. Grapefruit peel accounted for 92% of the gas diffusion of fruit, and resistance coefficients for peel and whole fruit were similar. Less ethane diffused into fruit that were: temperature-conditioned compared with nonconditioned, hexane wiped compared with nonhexane-wiped, and squalene-treated compared with nonsqualene treated fruit. Ethane influx was significantly restricted into squalane- and squalane-treated fruit compared with Flavorseal- or safflower oil-treated fruit. Oxygen and CO2 influx was significantly reduced by Flavorseal, safflower oil, squalene, and squalane. Squalane was the most restrictive of ethylene efflux followed by safflower oil, squalene, and Flavorseal. All of these surface treatments are known to reduce CI on grapefruit. These data indicate that water loss is less important to the development of CI than has been previously suggested, and that the beneficial effects of squalene are not the result of an inhibition of water loss. Permeability of grapefruit peel to gases other than H2O vapor may also influence the expression of CI. RP MCDONALD, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 490 EP 496 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LX521 UT WOS:A1993LX52100010 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, AM MORGENS, PH COHEN, RA AF CALLAHAN, AM MORGENS, PH COHEN, RA TI ISOLATION AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CDNAS FOR MESSENGER-RNAS REGULATED DURING PEACH FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; SOFTENING ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOMATO FRUIT; POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; ANTISENSE RNA; ETHYLENE; HYBRIDIZATION; ACCUMULATION; PEROXIDASE; INVITRO AB Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batschl cDNA libraries have been constructed from RNA isolated from immature (30 days after bloom) and ripe fruit. cDNA clones of interest have been identified by differential hybridization among the cDNAs of various peach cultivars or from several stages in fruit development. In addition, several clones were isolated by low stringency hybridizations with oligonucleotides derived from a tomato polygalacturonase cDNA sequence and a cucumber peroxidase amino acid sequence. The pattern of accumulation of the corresponding mRNAs during fruit development was examined by RNA gel-blot analyses in the commercial cultivar Suncrest. Three cDNA clones, pch201, pch307, and pch313, were related to mRNAs that accumulate during the softening stage of fruit development. cDNA clones pch103, pch205, and pch306 were related to an mRNAs that increase in abundance throughout development, with maximum levels in ripe fruit. cDNA clones pch104 and pch202 were related to mRNAs that exhibit maximum abundance in midfruit development, and clone pch108 was related to mRNA that decreases as the fruit matures. Southern analyses indicated that seven of the cDNAs are represented by only a few genes, while pch104 detects a repetitive family, and pch307 detects a small family of genes. These clones will provide the initial source of genes to manipulate and affect fruit development. RP CALLAHAN, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 37 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 531 EP 537 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LX521 UT WOS:A1993LX52100017 ER PT J AU WOOD, BW AF WOOD, BW TI PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNITED-STATES PECAN INDUSTRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATE BEARING; IRREGULAR BEARING; BIENNIAL BEARING; YIELD; MARKETING; CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS; CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; PERIODICITY; CYCLES; PRICE AB The cyclic, alternate bearing and correlative aspects of U.S. produced pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nuts are characterized. An attempt to forecast production using stepwise autoregressive techniques identified a national level biennial cycle for cultivar (CV) and seedling (SG) class nuts and a novemennial (9 year) cycle for SG class nuts. The intensity of the biennial cycle at the national level has generally been low to moderate over the last 50 years for CV and SG class nuts with no clear time trend being expressed. During the most recent years (1979-1991), national production of CV class nuts has not exhibited pronounced bienniality, whereas that of SG class nuts exhibited a moderate bienniality. The nature of the the irregularity of cycling of U.S. and state production appears to nullify the use of univariate polynomial equations as a practical tool for accurately forecasting nut production.Nut production within individual states was also cyclic, with 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 10-, 12-, 14-, 15-, and 16-year cycles, depending on state and nut class. The most intense contemporary biennial cycles for CV class nuts were from Oklahoma, South Carolina, and North Carolina, whereas cycling of SG class nuts was most intense in Texas and Oklahoma. Correlations of production within and among states indicated that most interrelationships are relatively weak; however, national production of CV class nuts are highly correlated (r = 0.96) with the production of CV class nuts in Georgia, whereas that of SG class nuts is most correlated with that of Louisiana. RP WOOD, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 538 EP 545 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LX521 UT WOS:A1993LX52100018 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, AG CHURCHILL, DB LEE, SS BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM AF TAYLOR, AG CHURCHILL, DB LEE, SS BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM TI COLOR SORTING OF COATED BRASSICA SEEDS BY FLUORESCENT SINAPINE LEAKAGE TO IMPROVE GERMINATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SEED CONDITIONING; SINAPINE; CABBAGE; BROCCOLI; CAULIFLOWER ID TECHNOLOGIES AB Color sorting was performed to upgrade seed quality by removal of fluorescent coated seeds. The fluorescent coating was attributed to sinapine leakage from nonviable seeds. Nine seedlots, three seedlots each of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group), broccoli, and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. Botrytis group) were custom coated. Seed samples were pretreated before coating with or without 1.0% NaOCl for 10 minutes to enhance leakage. All samples revealed a percentage of seeds with fluorescence. The light emission from selected fluorescent and nonfluorescent coated seeds was quantified by fiber-optic spectrophotometry. Fluorescence was expressed from 400 to 560 nm, with peak emission being from 430 to 450 nm. These data confirmed our visual interpretation of blue-green fluorescence. The ratio of light emission from fluorescent compared to nonfluorescent coated seeds ranged from 4.5 to 7.0 for all samples and averaged 5.7. An ultraviolet (UV) color sorter was employed to separate fluorescent (reject) from nonfluorescent (accept) coated seeds. The percentage of nonfluorescent coated seeds (averaged over seedlot and NaOCl pretreatment) before and after sorting was 89.5% and 95.9%, respectively. Therefore, color sorting was able to remove a high percentage of fluorescent coated seeds with an average loss (rejection of nonfluorescent coated seeds) of 6%. An increase in the percent germination was recorded in eight of the nine seedlots following color sorting, and the greatest improvement was obtained with seedlots of medium quality. Germination of three medium quality lots was increased by 10 to 15 percentage points. The average increase in germination with or without NaOCl pretreatment was 8.2 and 5.5 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, the germination of Brassica seedlots could be improved by separating (removing) fluorescent from nonfluorescent coated seeds. UV color sorting technology was employed to demonstrate that seed conditioning could be conducted on a commercial basis to upgrade seed quality. C1 USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP TAYLOR, AG (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 551 EP 556 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LX521 UT WOS:A1993LX52100020 ER PT J AU LEHMAN, JR WEIGEL, RM SIEGEL, AM HERR, LG TAFT, AC HALL, WF AF LEHMAN, JR WEIGEL, RM SIEGEL, AM HERR, LG TAFT, AC HALL, WF TI PROGRESS AFTER ONE-YEAR OF A PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION PROGRAM FOR LARGE SWINE HERDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; REACTIVATION; GI AB Six large farrow-to-finish swine herds quarantined for pseudorabies in Illinois participated in the USDA-initiated Large Herd Cleanup Study. These herds were monitored for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (PRV) for 1 year after the initiation of an intensive eradication program. Herd size ranged between 425 and 1,500 females of breeding age. Gene-deleted modified-live virus vaccines were used on all farms, with 3 of the 6 herds receiving a vaccine with a deletion of the gene for glycoprotein-I and the other 3 herds receiving a vaccine with a deletion of the gene for glycoprotein-X. The breeding herd and growing pigs were vaccinated on each farm. Each herd produced its own replacement gilts. In addition, management changes emphasizing all-in, all-out pig flow were initiated. One year after initiation of the vaccination program, sera for the measurement of PRV antibodies were obtained from sows and heavy finishing pigs (> 70 kg) from each of the farms. Prevalence of PRV antibodies attributable to wild-type virus infection ranged from 7 to 63% (median, 33%) for sows and from 0 to 42% (median, 4%) for finishers, as determined by the appropriate vaccine differential test. For each sow herd, there was a large decrease in the PRV seroprevalence rate after 1 year of the program (range, -21 to -68%; median, -42%). Examination Of PRV prevalence rates by parity indicated decreased seroprevalences in the lower parities (< 2) in 3 of the herds, suggesting that vaccination reduced the spread Of PRV. For finishing pigs, 5 of the 6 herds had decreased seroprevalence rates after 1 year (range, -89 to 2%; median, -33%), with only 1 herd having a PRV seroprevalence rate > 10%. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,APHIS VS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP LEHMAN, JR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 1 BP 118 EP 121 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LK830 UT WOS:A1993LK83000027 PM 8407443 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA AF HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA TI SYNLOPHE OF COOPERIA-NEITZI (TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE, COOPERIINAE) WITH COMMENTS ON VULVAR INFLATIONS AND HYPERTROPHY OF CUTICULAR RIDGES AMONG THE TRICHOSTRONYLIDS SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE COOPERIA SPP; COOPERIINAE; OSTERTAGIINAE; TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE; SYNLOPHE; MORPHOLOGY ID REVISION; NEMATODA; GENERA; GENUS; KEY AB The synlophe of Cooperia neitzi is characterized by a closed pattern in the cervical region (most similar to C. punctata and C pectinata), a minuscule lateralmost ridge, 20 ridges at the level of the excretory pore and cervical papillae in males and females, and sequential addition of ridges laterally starting near the midbody (20 and 24 ridges at the midbody of males and females, respectively, with a maximum of approximately 32 adjacent to the copulatory bursa and vulva). The characteristic bilateral vulval fan in females has a consistent structure, being supported by a pair of hypertrophied ridges in each subdorsal field adjacent to the lateral most ridge. Three species typical of bovids in sub-Saharan Africa (C neitzi, C verrucosa, and C okapi) share the characters of minuscule lateralmost ridges, a closed cervical synlophe, and cuticular inflations at the level of vulva. Comparisons to other species of Cooperiinae (Parostertagia heterospiculum, Cooperia verrucosa, and Cooperia okapi) indicate homology in the bilateral and symmetrical structure of the vulval fans recognized in species of the subfamily. In contrast, it appears that the irregular and asymmetrical cuticular inflations reported or observed at the level of the vulva among certain Ostertagiinae (Longistrongylus spp., Mazamastrongylus spp., and Camelostrongylus mentulatus) have a fundamentally different configuration. It is suggested that vulval inflations in the Cooperiinae and Ostertagiinae had independent origins and thus are convergent. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BARC E,BLDG 1180,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 60 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA LV585 UT WOS:A1993LV58500001 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP DAOUST, PY MCBURNEY, S AF HOBERG, EP DAOUST, PY MCBURNEY, S TI BOLBOSOMA-CAPITATUM AND BOLBOSOMA SP (ACANTHOCEPHALA) FROM SPERM WALES (PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS) STRANDED ON PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND, CANADA SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE BOLBOSOMA-CAPITATUM; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; ACANTHOCEPHALANS; CETACEANS; STRANDING ID WHALES; BEHAVIOR AB Specimens of Bolbosoma capitatum (von Linstow, 1880) and Bolbosoma sp. were recovered from 2 male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus L.) that died following a mass stranding on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Some aspects of previous descriptions of B. capitatum have been incomplete, particularly with characteristics of the hooks of the proboscis being poorly defined. Females of B. capitatum were found to have 16-18 longitudinal rows of hooks with either 7-8 or 8-9 hooks in each row. The largest hooks with strongly curved blades were apical to median (overall range 69-122 mum long), whereas the basal hooks were spinelike (68-91 mum long). The basal hooks had a unique transverse orientation of the roots, an attribute apparently shared only with B. physeteris Gubanov, 1952, among the 14 species of Bolbosoma from cetaceans and pinnipeds. Although Bolbosoma capitatum had apparently been reported from Physeter macrocephalus in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, none of these records could be substantiated. The current report constitutes a new geographic record (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada) and the first account of this parasite in sperm whales from North American waters. C1 UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL, ATLANTIC VET COLL, DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL, CHARLOTTETOWN C1A 4P3, PEI, CANADA. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB, BARC E,BLDG 1180, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 60 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA LV585 UT WOS:A1993LV58500008 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA AF HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA TI AFFILIATION OF HYOSTRONGYLUS-RUBIDUS (NEMATODA, TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE) WITH THE OSTERTAGIINAE, AND EVALUATION OF THE SYNLOPHE AND OTHER STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE; HYOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIINAE; GRAPHIDIINAE; SYNLOPHE; GENITAL CONE ID DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; CLASSIFICATION; KEY AB Classifications of the Trichostrongylidae have referred Hyostrongylus Hall, 1921, to the Ostertagiinae or the Graphidiinae. The genital cone and synlophe of Hyostrongylus rubidus (Hassall and Stiles, 1892) were studied to clarify the subfamilial position of the genus and to assess hypotheses for the origin of the Ostertagiinae. Paired ''O'' papillae, a putative synapomorphy for the Ostertagiinae, are located on the ventral aspect of the genital cone in H. rubidus. This character, along with the structure of the bursa, confirmed placement of Hyostrongylus in the Ostertagiinae rather than the Graphidiinae. The synlophe was composed of a largely symmetrical system of continuous ridges extending from the cervical zone to near the caudal extremity in males and females. At the midbody there were 40-58 ridges; in females the vulval region was modified by irregular cuticular inflations. It was concluded that current concepts for independent origins of genera of the Ostertagiinae from the Graphidiinae were not supportable, as such would result in polyphyly for the former and paraphyly for the latter subfamily. Additionally, the genus Cervicaprastrongylus Gibbons and Khalil, 1982, was considered to be distinct from Hyostrongylus. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BARC E NO 1180,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 60 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA LV585 UT WOS:A1993LV58500011 ER PT J AU SHELLY, TE VILLALOBOS, EM BUCHMANN, SL CANE, JH AF SHELLY, TE VILLALOBOS, EM BUCHMANN, SL CANE, JH TI TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF FLORAL VISITATION FOR 2 BEE SPECIES FORAGING ON SOLANUM SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Timing of floral visits was recorded for two bee species, Ptiloglossa arizonensis and Bombus sonorus, on the nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium at a site in southeastern Arizona. Periodic censuses revealed that P. arizonensis foraged between 0500-0600 hours, whereas workers of B. sonorus were most common after 0700 hours. Continuous observations of focal flowers revealed the same pattern, as P. arizonensis accounted for nearly 100% of the initial three visits to the focal flowers. These observations also revealed that floral visits often did not involve pollen collection but were simply investigatory in nature. For both species, we examined whether investigatory visits were more likely to occur at flowers that had received a high number of prior visits. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85719. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SHELLY, TE (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,HAWAIIAN EVOLUTIONARY BIOL PROGRAM,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 66 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MM189 UT WOS:A1993MM18900008 ER PT J AU BATRA, SWT SAKAGAMI, SF MAETA, Y AF BATRA, SWT SAKAGAMI, SF MAETA, Y TI BEHAVIOR OF THE INDIAN ALLODAPINE BEE BRAUNSAPIS-KALIAGO, A SOCIAL PARASITE IN THE NESTS OF B-MIXTA (HYMENOPTERA, ANTHOPHORIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID APIDAE AB These are the first observations of the behavior of any allodapine social parasite. Both sexes of Braunsapis kaliago live in solitary and social nests of B. mixta in northwestern India. Direct intranest observations revealed that female B. kaliago may functionally replace host queens, much as do Psithyrus in Bombus nests. Parasites usually avoided encounters with hosts by freezing behavior and by quietly resting near the brood. Dominance was sometimes asserted by means of oophagy, and by several specialized agonistic behaviors which were enhanced by structural modifcations. Established females became unable to fly effectively, and if pushed out of nests by hosts, they could not return. One parasite evidently was killed by hosts. Parasites relied on host food stores deposited on nest walls or on larvae, and they also aggressively solicited food by trophallaxis from hosts. Both hosts and parasites groomed their brood. They removed and ate chorions during hatching, a behavior unknown in other oviparous animals. Larvae were fed by the ventral deposition of provisions by both hosts and parasites. Adult-larval trophallaxis by both species was also seen. This is unknown among other bees. Braunsapis kaliago retains most brood-rearing behaviors but has lost the abilities to construct nests and to forage. 51 behaviors of male and female B. kaliaga are described and compared with those of B. mixta. These nonforaging parasites may reduce populations of foraging and pollinating host bees. C1 SHIMANE UNIV,FAC AGR,MATSUE,SHIMANE 690,JAPAN. RP BATRA, SWT (reprint author), USDA,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 66 IS 3 BP 345 EP 360 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MM189 UT WOS:A1993MM18900011 ER PT J AU PETERSON, BV AF PETERSON, BV TI THE BLACK FLIES OF THE GENUS SIMULIUM, SUBGENUS PSILOPELMIA (DIPTERA, SIMULIIDAE), IN THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review AB Keys, descriptions, and illustrations are provided to aid in the identification of the females, males, pupae and larvae, where each is known, of the eight species assigned to the subgenus Psilopelmia, of the genus Simulium, in the contiguous United States. Two species, S. (P.) labellei, and S. (P.) robynae, are described as new. Remarks concerning the taxonomy and biology of each species are provided, and the known distributions by state and county are given. RP PETERSON, BV (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 IS 3 BP 301 EP 390 PG 90 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ME513 UT WOS:A1993ME51300001 ER PT J AU NAKAHARA, S AF NAKAHARA, S TI THE GENUS DORCADOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) IN HAWAII AND NORTH-AMERICA WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The genus Dorcadothrips is reviewed for Hawaii and North America. Dorcadothrips oahuensis, new species, on sweet basil in Hawaii is described and the males of D. cyperaceae (Bianchi) and D. xanthius (Williams) are described for the first time. A key to identify the females and males of these three species and D. walteri (Crawford) is provided. RP NAKAHARA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 IS 3 BP 399 EP 409 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ME513 UT WOS:A1993ME51300003 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM JENNY, AL TAYLOR, WD MARSH, RF RUBENSTEIN, R RACE, RE AF MILLER, JM JENNY, AL TAYLOR, WD MARSH, RF RUBENSTEIN, R RACE, RE TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF PRION PROTEIN IN SHEEP WITH SCRAPIE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Prion protein (PrP), which is involved in the pathogenesis of scrapie, occurs in 2 forms. The form extracted from scrapie brain is protease resistant (PrP-res), whereas PrP from normal brain is protease sensitive (PrP-sen). This study examined whether PrP-res could be detected in brains of sheep with scrapie by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A suitable IHC procedure was developed using brain tissue from hamsters that had been inoculated with the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent. Tissue samples were fixed in PLP (periodate, lysine, paraformaldehyde) that contained paraformaldehyde at a concentration of 0.125%. Before application of the IHC technique, tissue sections were deparaffinized and treated with formic acid to simultaneously enhance PrP-res immunoreactivity and degrade PrP-sen. Primary antibody was obtained from a rabbit immunized to PrP-res extracted from brains of mice with experimentally induced scrapie. Brains from 21 sheep with histopathologically confirmed scrapie were examined by IHC. In all 21 brains, PrP-res was widely distributed throughout the brain stem. Staining was particularly intense in neuronal cell bodies and around blood vessels, The IHC technique successfully detected PrP-res in brain samples that had been frozen or that were severely autolyzed before fixation in PLP. Brains from 11 scrapie-suspect sheep that were not considered histologically positive were also examined by IHC. PrP-res was found in 4 of these brains. Sections of brains from 14 clinically normal sheep did not have detectable PrP-res. Results of this study indicate that IHC detection of PrP-res is equivalent, and perhaps superior, to histopathology for the diagnosis of scrapie in sheep. Furthermore, IHC is applicable to tissues that have autolytic changes or processing artifacts that prevent satisfactory histopathologic evaluation for lesions of scrapie. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LQ610 UT WOS:A1993LQ61000001 PM 8104039 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP HEDSTROM, OR AF DUBEY, JP HEDSTROM, OR TI MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN MINK ASSOCIATED WITH A SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA-LIKE ORGANISM SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC EAST,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 467 EP 471 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LQ610 UT WOS:A1993LQ61000033 PM 8373867 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP FENNER, WR AF DUBEY, JP FENNER, WR TI CLINICAL SEGMENTAL MYELITIS ASSOCIATED WITH AN UNIDENTIFIED TOXOPLASMA-LIKE PARASITE IN A CAT SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC EAST,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 472 EP 480 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LQ610 UT WOS:A1993LQ61000034 PM 8373868 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP HARTLEY, WJ AF DUBEY, JP HARTLEY, WJ TI DISSEMINATED COCCIDIOSIS IN SHORT-BEAKED ECHIDNAS (TACHYGLOSSUS-ACULEATUS) FROM AUSTRALIA SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC EAST,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LQ610 UT WOS:A1993LQ61000036 PM 8373870 ER PT J AU PODLECKIS, EV HAMMOND, RW HURTT, SS HADIDI, A AF PODLECKIS, EV HAMMOND, RW HURTT, SS HADIDI, A TI CHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION OF POTATO AND POME FRUIT VIROIDS BY DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED DOT-BLOT AND TISSUE BLOT HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE APPLE SCAR SKIN VIROID; POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID; CHEMILUMINESCENT; DIGOXIGENIN; HYBRIDIZATION ID SCAR SKIN; PROBES; RNA; VIRUS; CDNA; DISEASE; ASSAY AB A chemiluminescent molecular hybridization protocol was compared to P-32 autoradiography for detecting potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and apple scar skin group viroids (ASSVd). Labeled cRNA probes for PSTVd and ASSVd were synthesized by SP6 RNA polymerase transcription using digoxigenin-11-UTP or alpha-[P-32]UTP. Dot blot hybridization of purified viroids and sap extracts from infected plants showed that chemiluminescent detection using digoxigenin-labeled probes was as sensitive as autoradiography using P-32 probes. A minimum of 2.0-2.5 pg purified viroid was detected. ASSVd could be detected in as little as 0.4 ng of total nucleic acid extract from infected tissue or in sap extracts diluted to 10(-3) with healthy extracts. Tissue blots of PSTVd-infected potato tubers and tomato roots, stems and leaves and ASSVd-infected apple fruit, stems and petioles, gave positive reactions when hybridized with the digoxigenin probe. No reaction with similar tissues from healthy plants was observed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PODLECKIS, EV (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NGRL,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,RM 252,BLDG 011A,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90072-Y PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LM897 UT WOS:A1993LM89700002 PM 8366166 ER PT J AU NEILAN, JG LU, Z AFONSO, CL KUTISH, GF SUSSMAN, MD ROCK, DL AF NEILAN, JG LU, Z AFONSO, CL KUTISH, GF SUSSMAN, MD ROCK, DL TI AN AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS GENE WITH SIMILARITY TO THE PROTOONCOGENE BCL-2 AND THE EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS GENE BHRF1 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; CELL-DEATH; B-CELLS; SEQUENCE; CLONING; APOPTOSIS; KINASE; SITES; DNA AB An open reading frame, LMW5-HL, in the African swine fever virus genome displays a high degree of similarity to the proto-oncogene bcl-2 and, to a lesser degree, the Epstein-Barr virus gene BHPF1. A highly conserved central region is found in all three proteins. LMW5-HL encodes a protein of 18 kDa that is present in infected porcine macrophages at both early and late times postinfection. The similarity of LMW5-HL to bcl-2 and BHRF1 suggests a role for it in cell maintenance during productive or persistent viral infection. C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, POB 848, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 48 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 67 IS 7 BP 4391 EP 4394 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA LH124 UT WOS:A1993LH12400080 PM 8389936 ER PT J AU STALLKNECHT, DE KAVANAUGH, DM CORN, JL EERNISSE, KA COMER, JA NETTLES, VF AF STALLKNECHT, DE KAVANAUGH, DM CORN, JL EERNISSE, KA COMER, JA NETTLES, VF TI FERAL SWINE AS A POTENTIAL AMPLIFYING HOST FOR VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE ON OSSABAW ISLAND, GEORGIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE EPIZOOTIOLOGY; FERAL SWINE; OSSABAW ISLAND; SEROCONVERSION; SUS-SCROFA; VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS; VIRUS ISOLATION ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ANTIBODIES; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION AB Sentinel feral swine (Sus scrofa) on Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA), were serologically monitored for antibodies to vesicular stomatitis New Jersey serotype (VSNJ) virus from 17 April to 27 August 1990. Seroconversions to VSNJ virus were detected in 24% of swine island-wide. Differences in the incidence of seroconversion were detected between swine sampled in the Pleistocene and Holocene formations of the island suggesting that the presence of virus is forest type dependent. Based on the consistency in onset and spatial distribution of seroconversions with data from 1981 to 1985, this is a very stable host-parasite system. Sequential virus isolation attempts from nasal swabs, tonsil swabs, and blood were made on a subsample of 54 sentinel swine from 9 May to 4 July 1990. The VSNJ virus was isolated from five swine from 16 May to 20 June. Vesicular lesions were detected on only two of these animals. Although infections in these feral swine were short-lived (<7 days) and were followed by a strong neutralizing antibody response, VSNJ virus was detected in a single group of swine for a period exceeding 1 month. From these data, it appears that feral swine could provide a source of virus to feeding arthropods for extended periods of time. The failure to detect a viremia in these animals, however, indicates that a source other than blood may be required for transmission to occur. C1 USDA ARS,SCI & TECHNOL VET SERV,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP STALLKNECHT, DE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM642 UT WOS:A1993LM64200001 PM 8394941 ER PT J AU VANDERLEEK, ML BECKER, HN PIRTLE, EC HUMPHREY, P ADAMS, CL ALL, BP ERICKSON, GA BELDEN, RC FRANKENBERGER, WB GIBBS, EPJ AF VANDERLEEK, ML BECKER, HN PIRTLE, EC HUMPHREY, P ADAMS, CL ALL, BP ERICKSON, GA BELDEN, RC FRANKENBERGER, WB GIBBS, EPJ TI PREVALENCE OF PSEUDORABIES (AUJESZKYS-DISEASE) VIRUS-ANTIBODIES IN FERAL SWINE IN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE FERAL SWINE; WILD SWINE; SUS-SCROFA; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; AUJESZKYS DISEASE VIRUS; SEROPREVALENCE ID BLACK BEAR; TRANSMISSION AB Serum samples collected from feral swine (Sus scrofa) throughout Florida (USA) from 1980 to 1989 were tested for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (PRV) by the serum neutralization test, the latex agglutination test, or by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositive swine were detected at 11 of 13 sites with a composite seroprevalence of 34.8% (579 of 1,662 samples; range = 5.9% to 58.2%) for sites with seropositive swine. Data on age and sex of the swine were available from three sites. Seroprevalence in males and females did not differ significantly (P = 0.62 for the combined data). Seroprevalence in adult (greater-than-or-equal-to 8 mo) and juvenile swine (< 8 mo) was significantly different at all sites (P < 0.05 for the combined data). From these data, PRV infections appear to occur widely in populations of Florida feral swine and may seriously undermine efforts to eradicate this virus from the domestic swine population of the USA. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMM,WILDLIFE RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. RP VANDERLEEK, ML (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM642 UT WOS:A1993LM64200005 PM 8394943 ER PT J AU HILL, RE SMITH, KE BERAN, GW BEARD, PD AF HILL, RE SMITH, KE BERAN, GW BEARD, PD TI FURTHER-STUDIES ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) TO A RABIES VIRUS OF SKUNK ORIGIN AND COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STRIPED SKUNKS (MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE RABIES VIRUS; RACCOONS; PROCYON-LOTOR; SKUNKS; MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; INOCULATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AB Two raccoons (Procyon lotor) were inoculated in the masseter muscles with 10(5.9) mouse intracerebral lethal dose50 (MICLD50) of a rabies virus isolated from a naturally infected Iowa (USA) striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Five striped skunks were inoculated with either 10(0.7) or 10(2.1) MICLD50 of the same isolate. All five skunks died within 35 days following inoculation. Both raccoons survived 273 days without adverse effects, and virus was not isolated from saliva samples taken at between 25 and 273 days following inoculation. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP HILL, RE (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,223 SOUTH WALNUT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 475 EP 477 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM642 UT WOS:A1993LM64200016 PM 8355351 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP CAWTHORN, RJ HEDSTROM, OR AF HOBERG, EP CAWTHORN, RJ HEDSTROM, OR TI ENTERIC COCCIDIA (APICOMPLEXA) IN THE SMALL-INTESTINE OF THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL (STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; FRENKELIA SP; SARCOCYSTIS SP; INTESTINAL COCCIDIA ID PROTOZOA AB Sporulated oocysts (mean dimensions = 13.0 x 10.8 mum) and sporocysts (11.3 x 5.5 mum) of a coccidian resembling Frenkelia sp. or Sarcocystis sp. were present in the lamina propria of the small intestine of a naturally-infected northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) collected near Medford, Oregon (USA). Dimensions of these oocysts and sporocysts appear to be considerably smaller than those from other sarcocystid species with avian definitive hosts. Additionally, numerous developmental stages and unsporulated oocysts (mean dimensions 22.8 x 17.8 mum) of a possible species of Isospora also were observed in the intestinal epithelium. This constitutes the first report of enteric coccidia from spotted owls. Neither parasite appeared to cause the death of the bird. C1 UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL,ATLANTIC VET COLL,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,CHARLOTTETOWN C1A 4P3,PEI,CANADA. OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 495 EP 497 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM642 UT WOS:A1993LM64200022 PM 8355357 ER PT J AU RICKARD, LG HOBERG, EP ALLEN, NM ZIMMERMAN, GL CRAIG, TM AF RICKARD, LG HOBERG, EP ALLEN, NM ZIMMERMAN, GL CRAIG, TM TI SPICULOPTERAGIA-SPICULOPTERA AND S-ASYMMETRICA (NEMATODA, TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) FROM RED DEER (CERVUS-ELAPHUS) IN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE PARASITES; SPICULOPTERAGIA-SPICULOPTERA; SPICULOPTERAGIA-ASYMMETRICA; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; RED DEER; TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA; NEMATODA ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DISEASES AB Specimens of Spiculopteragia spiculoptera and S. asymmetrica were recovered from the abomasa of five of ten naturally infected red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Texas (USA). Female specimens of Spiculopteragia were present in all five animals. Male specimens of S. spiculoptera and S. asymmetrica were present in one of five and three of five red deer, respectively. Spiculopteragia spiculoptera has not previously been recognized in the United States and the present report constitutes the first records of Spiculopteragia spp. in red deer from North America. It is likely that species of Spiculopteragia have been introduced to North America with the import of exotic cervids on several occasions. Focal populations of these nematodes have been established in North America; however, distribution of the parasites likely coincides with areas of residence of introduced populations of red deer and fallow deer (Cervus dama) in the Nearctic. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,COLL STN,TX 77843. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 512 EP 515 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LM642 UT WOS:A1993LM64200027 PM 8355362 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML DECKER, DG FISCHER, DL STAFFORD, TR AF AVERY, ML DECKER, DG FISCHER, DL STAFFORD, TR TI RESPONSES OF CAPTIVE BLACKBIRDS TO A NEW INSECTICIDAL SEED TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RED-WINGED-BLACKBIRDS; REPELLENCY; DAMAGE; RICE AB Development of new repellent chemicals specifically to control crop damage by birds may be cost-prohibitive. Instead, the use of compounds developed for other pest control needs may be more practical. Thus, we conducted 2-cup feeding trials with singly caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) to test the repellency of a new seed treatment insecticide, imidacloprid (proposed common name for Miles Incorporated NTN33893). Both redwings and cowbirds were strongly deterred (P < 0.05) from feeding on rice seed treated with imidacloprid at 620 and 1,870 ppm. When applied to wheat seed, imidacloprid effectively reduced (P < 0.05) consumption by redwings at rates as low as 165 ppm. We noted treatment-related effects such as ataxia and retching in some birds exposed to the highest treatment levels, but such effects were transitory. Videotapes indicated that imidacloprid was not a sensory repellent or irritant to birds. We conclude that avoidance of imidacloprid-treated food is a learned response mediated by postingestional distress. Although developed and envisioned as a broad spectrum, systemic insecticide, imidacloprid also appears to have promise as a bird repellent seed treatment. C1 MILES INC,DEPT RES & DEV,DIV AGR,STILWELL,KS 66085. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 652 EP 656 DI 10.2307/3809296 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LN199 UT WOS:A1993LN19900030 ER PT J AU CLARK, L SHAH, PS AF CLARK, L SHAH, PS TI CHEMICAL BIRD REPELLENTS - POSSIBLE USE IN CYANIDE PONDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ANTHRANILATE; STARLINGS AB Regulatory agencies are pressuring the mining industry to protect wildlife from mortality associated with the consumption of dump leachate pond water containing cyanide. Using European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) as an avian model, we tested the effectiveness of 5 chemical bird repellents at reducing consumption of pond water containing cyanide. The repellents, which were previously shown to be good bird repellents, were: o-aminoacetophenone (OAP), 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxyacetophenone (2A45DAP), methyl anthranilate (MA), 4-ketobenztriazine (4KBT), and veratryl amine (VA). Despite the high pH (10.6) and presence of chelating metals, conditions which we hypothesized might destroy the activity of repellents, each of the additives reduced pond water intake relative to controls for up to 5 weeks. The rank order (from best to worst) of repellents was: OAP, 2A45DAP, VA, MA, and 4KBT, although only OAP and 4KBT differed at the P < 0.05 level. These candidate repellents hold promise as a strategy to reduce bird losses at cyanide ponds and should be tested in the field. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SER,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.2307/3809297 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LN199 UT WOS:A1993LN19900031 ER PT J AU CORPAS, E BLACKMAN, MR ROBERSON, R SCHOLFIELD, D HARMAN, SM AF CORPAS, E BLACKMAN, MR ROBERSON, R SCHOLFIELD, D HARMAN, SM TI ORAL ARGININE-LYSINE DOES NOT INCREASE GROWTH-HORMONE OR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I IN OLD MEN SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GH-RELEASING HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN-C LEVELS; AMINO-ACIDS; BODY-COMPOSITION; AGED MEN; SECRETION; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; YOUNG; SERUM AB Background. Older adults tend to have reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels as well as changes in body composition which are partially reversed by GH injections. Arginine stimulates GH release, and lysine may amplify this response. We investigated whether oral arginine/lysine could be used to increase basal IGF-I and GH levels in non-obese old men (age 69 +/- 5 years; mean +/- SD) to values similar to those of untreated young men (age 26 +/- 4 years). Methods. Two groups of 8 healthy old men were treated with 3 g of arginine plus 3 g of lysine or with placebo capsules twice daily for 14 days. Before and on day 14 of each treatment GH levels were determined in blood samples taken at 20-minute intervals from 2000-0800 h, IGF-I was measured at 0800 h, and a 1 mug/kg GHRH stimulation test was done. Results. At baseline, mean GH peak amplitude (p < .02) and serum IGF-I (p < .0001) were lower, whereas GHRH responses were similar, in old vs young men. Arginine/lysine did not significantly alter spontaneous or GHRH-stimulated GH levels, or serum IGF-I. Arginine absorption was age-independent. The correlation (p < .005) between measured increments in serum arginine and increases in serum GH after a single dose of arginine/lysine was similar in old and young groups. Conclusions. Our data suggest that oral arginine/lysine is not a practical means of chronically enhancing GH secretion in old men. C1 NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,CLIN PHYSIOL LAB,ENDOCRINOL SECT,ROOM 2BI9,4940 EASTERN AVE,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR02719] NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0022-1422 J9 J GERONTOL JI J. Gerontol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP M128 EP M133 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA LL261 UT WOS:A1993LL26100027 PM 8315224 ER PT J AU PETTIT, RK ACKERMANN, MR RIMLER, RB AF PETTIT, RK ACKERMANN, MR RIMLER, RB TI RECEPTOR-MEDIATED BINDING OF PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA DERMONECROTIC TOXIN TO CANINE OSTEOSARCOMA AND MONKEY KIDNEY (VERO) CELLS SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE RECEPTOR; TOXIN ID DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; POTENT MITOGEN; TURBINATE ATROPHY; PROTEIN TOXIN; TETANUS; PIGS; RATS; INTERNALIZATION; INVAGINATIONS; PURIFICATION AB BACKGROUND: Binding and internalization of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) by toxin-sensitive canine osteosarcoma and monkey kidney (vero) cells was examined ultrastructurally. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Purified PMDT was conjugated to 20 nm colloidal gold particles in order to observe binding and internalization in the two cell lines at the ultrastructural level. The effects of various compounds on PMDT-vero binding were investigated to help elucidate the nature of putative vero cell receptors. RESULTS: Colloidal gold-labeled PMDT was located at cell surfaces within 1 minute of its addition and rapidly transported to coated and noncoated invaginations of the plasma membrane. After extended incubation, gold particles were observed in endocytic vesicles, but not in any other intracellular structures. The magnitude of gold-PMDT cell association correlated with the cytotoxic sensitivity of the two cell lines. Early, but not late, addition of the lysosomotropic agent methylamine protected vero cells from the cytotoxic effects of PMDT without affecting binding. Biochemical and ultrastructural inhibition studies suggested the requirement for a ganglioside-type vero cell receptor. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report describing binding and internalization of PMDT in host cells. Biochemical and ultrastructural results suggest that PMDT interacts with a ganglioside-type receptor on vero cells and is transported to the cytosol in endocytic vesicles which do not appear to fuse with lysosomes. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 69 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA LN308 UT WOS:A1993LN30800011 PM 8392646 ER PT J AU BAGI, LK BUCHANAN, RL AF BAGI, LK BUCHANAN, RL TI PRESERVATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AND OTHER PATHOGENIC FOODBORNE BACTERIA ON SILICA-GEL SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Preservation of Listeria monocytogenes on silica gel was examined as a means of storing and transporting bacterial cultures. Listeria monocytogenes remained viable through 168 d of storage on silica gel at room and refrigeration temperatures. The viability of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus after storage on silica gel was determined and compared with earlier reports. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1993.tb01430.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LL716 UT WOS:A1993LL71600010 ER PT J AU KWOK, SCM SOARES, MJ MCMURTRY, JP YUREWICZ, EC AF KWOK, SCM SOARES, MJ MCMURTRY, JP YUREWICZ, EC TI BINDING CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF PORCINE SEMINAL PROTEIN, PSP-I SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE SPERMADHESIN; SEMINAL VESICLE; SEMEN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PLACENTAL LACTOGEN-II; ZONA-PELLUCIDA; BETA-MICROSEMINOPROTEIN; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; PLASMA; SPERM; ANTIGEN; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN AB PSP-I, a 13 kDa protein purified from boar seminal plasma, was found to have about 50% amino acid sequence homology with a family of zona pellucida-binding proteins known as spermadhesins. These proteins are produced by the accessory gland(s) of the male reproductive tract and coat the spermatozoa during ejaculation. In this study, we have investigated the possible biological functions of PSP-I using a solid-phase protein binding assay and its site of synthesis using both Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses. PSP-I was found to bind a number of proteins including endo-beta-galactosidase digested ZP3, soybean trypsin inhibitor, IgA, IgG and alpha-casein, indicating that it may have multiple functions. The protein or carbohydrate structures were not critical in the binding, since polyvinyl sulfate could effectively inhibit the binding of PSP-I to these proteins. Western blot analysis using specific antiserum to PSP-I showed that the protein was present in the seminal vesicle but not in the testes, epididymis or prostate. The protein was revealed by immunocytochemical analysis in the epithelium of seminal vesicles but not in the testes or the epididymis. It is concluded that PSP-I is synthesized by the epithelium of the seminal vesicles, secreted into the semen during ejaculation, and may be involved in various reproductive functions, such as preventing premature acrosome reaction and immunosuppression. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. OI Kwok, Simon/0000-0001-6003-5350 FU NCRR NIH HHS [BRSG S07 RR05373] NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080350305 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA LJ905 UT WOS:A1993LJ90500004 PM 8352928 ER PT J AU BANIK, MT PAUL, JA BURDSALL, HH COOK, ME AF BANIK, MT PAUL, JA BURDSALL, HH COOK, ME TI SEROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF 2 FORMS OF PHELLINUS-WEIRII SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ELISA; PHELLINUS; SEROLOGY; WESTERN BLOTS ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EDODES AB Two forms of Phellinus weirii exist in North America that are morphologically similar, and identification of these isolates is often difficult. The purposes of this study were 1) to assess the potential of using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a rapid means of separating these two forms in culture and 2) to determine the relatedness of the two forms and P. sulphurascens from Asia using ELISA and Western blots from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Separation of the two North American forms was achieved using chicken antibodies specific to one of the forms in ELISA. In serological tests, P. sulphurascens and the Douglas-fir form react similarly to one another but differently from the redcedar form. These data support previous suggestions that the two North American forms of P. weirii are distinct species. The assertion that P. sulphurascens is conspecific with P. weirii is supported only when P. sulphurascens is compared serologically with Douglas-fir form isolates. RP BANIK, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.2307/3760507 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LW379 UT WOS:A1993LW37900010 ER PT J AU BRAYFORD, D SAMUELS, GJ AF BRAYFORD, D SAMUELS, GJ TI SOME DIDYMOSPOROUS SPECIES OF NECTRIA WITH NONMICROCONIDIAL CYLINDROCARPON ANAMORPHS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ANAMORPH; CYLINDROCARPON; HYPOCREALES; NECTRIA; TELEOMORPH AB Nine species of Nectria with didymosporous ascospores are described or redescribed. Cylindrocarpon anamorphs are redescribed or newly described for eight of these species. A new group within Nectria is introduced centered on N. veuillotiana. Nectria veuillotiana and its C candidulum anamorph are redescribed and its known geographical range extended. Cylindrocarpon coronatum is newly described as the anamorph of N. coronata. Nectria acrotyla (C mirum) and N. platycephala (C permirum) are described as new species in the group. The new species N. polylepidis was not grown in pure culture but also belongs to this group and is assumed to have a Cylindrocarpon anamorph. Nectria cinnamomea (C cinnamomeum), N. neblinensis (C neblinense), N. rubrococca (C arcuatum) and N. verrucospora (C torpidum) are also described as new species, but not assigned to any known Nectria group. N. veuillotiana is predominantly temperate whereas the other taxa have tropical distributions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BRAYFORD, D (reprint author), INT MYCOL INST,BAKEHAM LANE,EGHAM TW20 9TY,SURREY,ENGLAND. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 612 EP 637 DI 10.2307/3760508 PG 26 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LW379 UT WOS:A1993LW37900011 ER PT J AU ROSSMAN, AY SAMUELS, GJ LOWEN, R AF ROSSMAN, AY SAMUELS, GJ LOWEN, R TI LEUCONECTRIA-CLUSIAE GEN-NOV AND ITS ANAMORPH GLIOCEPHALOTRICHIUM-BULBILIUM WITH NOTES ON PSEUDONECTRIA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCETES; BOXWOOD; BUXUS; GLIOCEPHALOTRICHUM; HYPOCREALES; LEUCONECTRIA; PACHYSANDRA; PSEUDONECTRIA; VOLUTELLA ID NEOCOSMOSPORA; HYPOCREALES AB A new genus in the Hypocreales, Leuconectria, is described for Pseudonectria clusiae based on its unique perithecial wall anatomy and the anamorph Gliocephalotrichum bulbilium produced from single ascospores of L. clusiae. The teleomorph had previously been placed in Pseudonectria, a genus defined for Nectria-like species with nonseptate ascospores. Pseudonectria is redefined based on the type species P. rousseliana and its anamorph Volutella buxi. Pseudonectria rousseliana causes a disease of boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) in the Buxaceae. The two other species included in Pseudonectria, P. coronata and P. pachysandricola, also occur on members of the Buxaceae. All three species are described and illustrated, and a key to species is provided. C1 NEW YORK BOT GARDEN,BRONX,NY 10458. RP ROSSMAN, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,ROOM 304,B011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 685 EP 704 DI 10.2307/3760514 PG 20 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LW379 UT WOS:A1993LW37900017 ER PT J AU KULIK, MM DERY, PD AF KULIK, MM DERY, PD TI THE UREDINIAL STATE OF PUCCINIA-FESTUCAE-OVINAE SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note RP KULIK, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 4 BP 711 EP 713 DI 10.2307/3760516 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LW379 UT WOS:A1993LW37900019 ER PT J AU KLICH, MA LAX, AR BLAND, JM SCHARFENSTEIN, LL AF KLICH, MA LAX, AR BLAND, JM SCHARFENSTEIN, LL TI INFLUENCE OF ITURIN-A ON MYCELIAL WEIGHT AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS IN SHAKE CULTURE SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BIORATIONAL CONTROL; MYCOTOXINS ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS AB Iturin A, a peptidolipid produced by Bacillus subtilis, inhibits growth of a large number of fungi. In this study, the effects of iturin A were evaluated on nine isolates of A. flavus and seven isolates of A. parasiticus in liquid shake culture. The mycelial dry weight of the A. flavus isolates was not significantly influenced by iturin A, however, there was a significant reduction in mycelial dry weight for two of the A. parasiticus isolates., Aflatoxin production was significantly reduced in five of the A. flavus isolates and three of the six aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus isolates. For the other seven isolates, aflatoxin levels were either unchanged or significantly increased in the presence of iturin A. These results indicate that iturin A does not consistently reduce growth or aflatoxin production of these fungi in pure culture. RP KLICH, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,ROOM 3002,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 1993 VL 123 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1007/BF01103486 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LZ996 UT WOS:A1993LZ99600005 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, EG ROBERTS, RG AF SIMMONS, EG ROBERTS, RG TI ALTERNARIA THEMES AND VARIATIONS (73) SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB A collection of several hundred Alternaria isolates from leaf, fruit, and twig lesions of Japanese pear has supported segregation and definition of at least six different patterns of sporulation among the small-spored, chain-forming taxa encountered. One of these patterns is typical of A. gaisen Nagano (syn. illegit. - A. kikuchiana Tanaka), which is pathogenic to some Japanese pear cultivars, causing ''black spot disease.'' Some isolates that are toxigenic but not morphologic analogues of A. gaisen also were found. Six sporulation patterns are discussed from the viewpoint of classification problems with A. alternata (Fr.) Keissler and the numerous other morphologically distinct small-spored Alternaria taxa. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 9 TC 117 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 4 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 48 BP 109 EP 140 PG 32 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LX496 UT WOS:A1993LX49600010 ER PT J AU FINCH, DM RUGGIERO, LF AF FINCH, DM RUGGIERO, LF TI WILDLIFE HABITATS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AND NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB We identify wetlands, riparian woodlands and shrublands, green ash woodlands, aspen forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and pure and mixed forests of ponderosa pine as important wildlife habitats in the U.S. Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Region. The relationships of vertebrate species to each of these types are discussed relative to habitat requirements and species conservation. The importance of late-successional lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and spruce-fir forests is discussed in the context of regional landscapes and the maintenance of biological diversity. RP FINCH, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,SW FOREST SCI COMPLEX,FLAGSTAFF,AZ, USA. RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 0 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 191 EP 203 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA MK859 UT WOS:A1993MK85900004 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA THORNLEY, WR BENNETT, JH AF CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA THORNLEY, WR BENNETT, JH TI STRUCTURE OF FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS IN CHEATGRASS (BROMUS-TECTORUM L) SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE BROMUS; FRUCTAN; STRUCTURES; DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION; SYNTHESIS ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; LEAVES AB Leaves of field-grown cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) plants were sampled during early spring when day- and night-time temperatures were relatively cool. Fructan oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) 3-6 were extracted and purified using gel and anion-exchange chromatography. The structures of 13 cheatgrass fructans were established. They included two trisaccharides [1-kestotriose (1-kestose) and 6-kestotriose (6-kestose)], four tetrasaccharides [(1,1)-kestotetraose (nystose), (1&6)-kestotetraose (bifurcose), (6,1)-kestotetraose and (6,6)-kestotetraose], three pentasaccharides [(1,1&6)-kestopentaose, (1&6,6)-kestopentaose and (6;1&6)-kestopentaose] plus four hexasaccharides [(1,1,1&6)-kestohexaose (1&6,6,6)-kestohexaose, (6;1&6,6)-kestohexaose and (6;1,6&6)-kestohexaose]. All fructans larger then DP 4 contained a branch point. Each member of the dominant series(1&6)-kestotetraose, (1&6,6)-kestopentaose and (1&6,6,6)-kestohexaose, is a branched fructan in which two fructose moieties are linked to the fructose subunit of each sucrose molecule. Thus the dominant series is built upon (1&6)-kestotetraose. Fructans larger than DP 3 with exclusively 2-->1- or 2-->6-linkages were absent except for a very small amount of (6,6)-kestotetraose. The unique fructan structures synthesized in cheatgrass, wheat and oats illustrate diversity in the enzymology of fructan biosynthesis among grass species. RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 124 IS 3 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03829.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LQ971 UT WOS:A1993LQ97100003 ER PT J AU MOLVAR, EM BOWYER, RT VANBALLENBERGHE, V AF MOLVAR, EM BOWYER, RT VANBALLENBERGHE, V TI MOOSE HERBIVORY, BROWSE QUALITY, AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AN ALASKAN TREELINE COMMUNITY SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ALCES-ALCES; MOOSE; NUTRIENT CYCLING; SALIX; WILLOW ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TUNDRA PLANTS; WOODY-PLANTS; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; BIRCH; MAINE; DEFOLIATION; VEGETATION; RESPONSES AB Moose (Alces alces) browsing on diamondleaf willow (Salix planifolia pulchra) caused significant increases in subsequent growth of stems and leaves in treeline plant communities in central Alaska, USA. Willows growing in the shade were significantly more palatable for moose than those growing in the sun. Moose density had strong effects on rates of nutrient cycling, ostensibly through effects of browsing and inputs from fecal and urinary nitrogen. Moose are a keystone herbivore that likely mediate rates of nutrient cycling in northern ecosystems. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT BIOL & WILDLIFE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. RP MOLVAR, EM (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 55 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 1993 VL 94 IS 4 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1007/BF00566961 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LM312 UT WOS:A1993LM31200002 PM 28313986 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB BRAILOVSKY, H AF THOMAS, DB BRAILOVSKY, H TI THE GENUS TIBILIS STAL IN MEXICO (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PENTATOMIDAE; STINKBUG; TAXONOMY; MEXICO; TIBILIS AB The genus Tibilis Stal is reported from Mexico for the first time with a provenance of the Lacandon Jungle of Chiapas. Tibilis is a South American genus with one species extending into Panama and Costa Rica. The Chiapanecan species is described as new, differentiated primarily by the male and female genitalia. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 69 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB641 UT WOS:A1993MB64100001 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS MURRELL, KD AF ZARLENGA, DS MURRELL, KD TI BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION WITHIN THE GENUS TRICHINELLA SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 1180,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JUL PY 1993 VL 9 IS 7 BP 250 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90067-P PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LJ585 UT WOS:A1993LJ58500005 PM 15463769 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK BEIER, RC AF NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK BEIER, RC TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS FOR INHIBITORY INSECT MYOSUPPRESSINS - CONTRAST WITH THE STIMULATORY SULFAKININS SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE MYOSUPPRESSINS; SULFAKININS; COCKROACH; LOCUST; HINDGUT; MYOINHIBITION; FLRFAMIDE; FMRFAMIDE; GASTRIN; MYOSTIMULATION ID FMRFAMIDE-LIKE PEPTIDES; NEUROPEPTIDE; LEUCOSULFAKININ; CHOLECYSTOKININ; HOMOLOGY; HINDGUT; GASTRIN; MUSCLE; LOCUST AB Unusual among insect neuropeptides, the decapeptide myosuppressins are capable of inhibiting contractions of visceral muscle, including the isolated cockroach hindgut. The C-terminal pentapeptide Val-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2. has been identified as the myosuppressin active core, the minimum number of residues required to elicit hindgut myoinhibitory activity. Activity of the same magnitude as the parent neuropeptide requires the C-terminal heptapeptide fragment Asp-His-Val-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2. Evaluation of a series of substitution analogs delineates structural features critical for myoinhibitory activity within this important fragment. The branched, hydrophobic residues in myosuppressin position 6 (Val) and particularly position 8 (Leu), their absence in the myostimulatory sulfakinins, and the different roles played by the shared Asp residue (myosuppressin position 4; leucosulfakinin position 5) in peptide-receptor interaction, account in large degree for the contrasting biological activities elicited by these otherwise structurally similar peptide families. The results may have broad significance for other invertebrate myotropic systems, such as the locust heart and the pharyngeal retractor muscle of the mollusc Helix aspersa. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 665 EP 670 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(93)90095-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LN690 UT WOS:A1993LN69000002 PM 8234009 ER PT J AU NORMAN, MA FUERST, EP SMEDA, RJ VAUGHN, KC AF NORMAN, MA FUERST, EP SMEDA, RJ VAUGHN, KC TI EVALUATION OF PARAQUAT RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN CONYZA SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCREASED TOLERANCE; BONARIENSIS; ENZYMES; PROTEIN; LEAVES C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP NORMAN, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1055 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LN509 UT WOS:A1993LN50900008 ER PT J AU NICKERSON, RG TWORKOSKI, TJ LUSTER, DG AF NICKERSON, RG TWORKOSKI, TJ LUSTER, DG TI COLLETOTRICHUM-COCCODES AND THIDIAZURON ALTER SPECIFIC PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITIES IN VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; INDUCTION; CUCUMBER; BARLEY C1 USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25403. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1993.1039 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MP479 UT WOS:A1993MP47900005 ER PT J AU TANAKA, T ABBAS, HK DUKE, SO AF TANAKA, T ABBAS, HK DUKE, SO TI STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT PHYTOTOXICITY OF FUMONISINS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN A DUCKWEED BIOASSAY SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA; LEMNACEAE; PHYTOTOXINS; SPHINGOLIPIDS; AAL-TOXIN; FUMONISINS ID F-SP LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA; ACIFLUORFEN; CELLS; AAL; MYCOTOXINS; INHIBITION; TOXINS AB Fumonisins A1, A2, B1, B2, and B3 are a series of secondary metabolite analogues produced by Fusarium moniliforme. The A series fumonisins differ from B series by possession of a N terminal acetyl group. Hydrolytic removal of the propanetricarboxylic acid moieties from fumonisins B1 and B2 yields the aminoalcohols HB1 and HB2, respectively. AAL-toxin is a chemically related phytotoxin (only one propanetricarboxylic acid) produced by Alternaria alternata. In a duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) bioassay, AAL-toxin and the B series fumonisins at 1 muM caused pronounced cellular leakage of electrolytes and photodegradation of chlorophylls. These four compounds also caused the most marked reductions in duckweed growth. HB1 at 1 muM was a moderate growth inhibitor and caused a low level of cellular leakage. The other compounds were inactive at this concentration. Significant effects on cellular leakage were measured at 0.04 muM for both AAL-toxin and fumonisin B1, the two most active analogues. The propanetricarboxylic acid groups of fumonisins and AAL-toxin are necessary for significant herbicidal activity of this series of compounds, whereas acetylation of the terminal amine group greatly reduces their activity. The structurally related sphingolipids, phytosphingosine and sphingosine, were about two orders of magnitude less phytotoxic than fumonisin B1; however, the phytotoxicity symptoms were similar. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UBE IND LTD,AGROCHEM RES DEPT,UBE LAB,UBE,JAPAN. NR 21 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85274-U PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LN337 UT WOS:A1993LN33700008 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K ARRIAGAGINER, FJ ROITMAN, JN WEST, JG AF WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K ARRIAGAGINER, FJ ROITMAN, JN WEST, JG TI EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS FROM 2 AUSTRALIAN ASTERACEAE, BRACTEANTHA-VISCOSA AND CASSINIA-QUINQUEFARIA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BRACTEANTHA-VISCOSA; CASSINIA-QUINQUEFARIA; ASTERACEAE; LEAF AND STEM EXUDATES; FLAVONOID AGLYCONES; 6-HYDROXYGALANGIN; RARE FLAVANONES ID CONSTITUENTS; PLANTS AB Nineteen flavonoids were identified in the leaf and stem exudates of Bracteantha viscosa: 12 flavones and seven flavanones. Two flavones and four flavanones are rare 6-methoxyflavonoids. The resinous exudate accumulating on aerial parts of Cassinia quinquefaria contains six flavonoid aglycones. One of them is a novel natural flavonol: 6-hydroxygalangin. C1 TABACALERA SA,CTR I & D,PLANTA PILOTO,C EMBAJADORES 51,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. CSIRO,AUSTRALIAN NATL HERBARIUM,DIV PLANT IND,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 871 EP 873 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85293-Z PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LN337 UT WOS:A1993LN33700027 ER PT J AU ROITMAN, JN WOLLENWEBER, E AF ROITMAN, JN WOLLENWEBER, E TI BETA,BETA-DIMETHACRYLOPHENONES AND A CHROMANONE FROM NAMA-HISPIDUM AND N-JOHNSTONII SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NAMA-HISPIDUM; N-JOHNSTONII; HYDROPHYLLACEAE; LEAF RESIN; DIMETHACRYLOPHENONES; CHROMANONE AB A beta,beta-dimethacrylophenone and the corresponding chromanone were isolated from the leaf resin of Nama hispidum. The leaf exudate of N. johnstonii contains another beta,beta-dimethacrylophenone as colouring matter. C1 TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RP ROITMAN, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 936 EP 938 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85310-N PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LN337 UT WOS:A1993LN33700044 ER PT J AU GRAY, SM SMITH, D ALTMAN, N AF GRAY, SM SMITH, D ALTMAN, N TI BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS ISOLATE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE IN SPRING OATS REDUCED VIRUS ACCUMULATION AND APHID TRANSMISSION SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS; ACCESS PERIODS; PLANTS; WHEAT AB Resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in a spring oat genotype was manifested as a reduction in accumulation of viral antigen in whole plants. The resistance was quantified for five isolates of BYDV from New York (MAV, PAV, SGV, RPV, and RMV) and found to be BYDV isolate specific. Similar levels of resistance were quantified for MAV, PAV, and SGV in which the reduction in viral antigen ranged from 58-63 percent, relative to levels in a susceptible genotype. RMV antigen was reduced up to 82 percent, but no resistance was expressed against the RPV isolate. Reduced viral antigen was correlated with reduced levels of transmission of MAV, PAV, SGV, and RMV, but not RPV. Further reductions in transmission efficiency were possible by limiting the acquisition access period. Resistance to circulative, nonpropagative, aphid-borne viruses manifested as a reduction in virus antigen may reduce the spread of disease among plants, especially if coupled with aphid resistance manifested as a feeding deterrent. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GRAY, SM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 716 EP 720 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-716 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT227 UT WOS:A1993LT22700004 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP GATES, RN AF WILSON, JP GATES, RN TI FORAGE YIELD LOSSES IN HYBRID PEARL-MILLET DUE TO LEAF-BLIGHT CAUSED PRIMARILY BY PYRICULARIA-GRISEA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURKINA-FASO; RUST; RESISTANCE AB The effects of leaf blight, caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea, on forage yield and digestibility of pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in 1990, 1991, and 1992. A range of disease severities on Pyricularia-susceptible hybrid Tifleaf 1 and on the resistant, near-isogenic hybrid Tifleaf 2 were established by inoculation with P. grisea or by application of chlorothalonil. Even with irrigation, no appreciable leaf blight developed in the dry 1990 season. In 1991 and 1992, disease severities (percentage of foliage with chlorosis and necrosis) in individual plots ranged from 3 to 35%. Leaf blight severity in 1991 and 1992 was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with green plot yield, dry matter yield, and digestible dry matter yield. In vitro dry matter digestibility was unaffected by disease, and the response of dry matter concentration was inconsistent between years. Within the range of severities obtained, digestible dry matter yield decreased linearly with increases in leaf blight severity. Based on observed leaf blight severities of the Pyricularia-resistant Tifleaf 2, the regression equations estimate that minor pathogens that contribute to the leaf blight complex may reduce digestible dry matter yield of this hybrid by as much as 19%. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 739 EP 743 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-739 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT227 UT WOS:A1993LT22700008 ER PT J AU BROWNE, GT MIRCETICH, SM AF BROWNE, GT MIRCETICH, SM TI RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF 13 APPLE ROOTSTOCKS TO 3 SPECIES OF PHYTOPHTHORA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY; TREES; VIRULENCE; CACTORUM AB Thirteen apple rootstocks (Antonovka [Ant.] 313, Budagovsky [Bud.] 490, Bud.118, Bud.9, M.4, MM.111 EMLA, MM. 106 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, M.26 EMLA, M.9 EMLA, Mark, Polish [P.] 18, and a domestic seedling [Malus domestica]) were evaluated for resistance to root and crown rots caused by Phytophthora cactorum, P. cambivora, and P. cryptogea in artificially infested soil and for resistance to canker development caused by P. cactorum and P. cambivora in excised and intact stems. In soil infested with P. cactorum, M.9 EMLA, Mark, Bud.118, and Bud.9 were highly resistant (mean crown circumference girdled 2-11%); MM.106 EMLA, Ant.313, and the domestic seedling were highly susceptible (mean crown circumference girdled 74-96%); and the remaining rootstocks were intermediate. With P. cambivora, Mark and Bud.118 were highly resistant (mean root rot 9%); Bud.9, M.7 EMLA, and P.18 were intermediate, and the other rootstocks were moderately to highly susceptible (mean root rot 47-98%). With P. cryptogea, most rootstocks were relatively resistant (mean root rot 1-10%), except M.4, MM.111 EMLA, Ant.313, and P.18 (mean root rot 18-42%). After stem inoculations with P. cactorum, mean canker lengths in excised and intact rootstock stems were correlated positively with mean crown rot lengths in corresponding apple rootstocks grown in infested soil (r = 0.59-0.79, P = 0.05-0.004). With P. cambivora, however, mean canker lengths from stem assays of resistance did not correlate significantly with mean crown rot lengths from infested soil assays of resistance (P = 0.93-0.11). Relative resistance to Phytophthora spp. in apple rootstocks can vary by Phytophthora sp. and by method of evaluation. RP BROWNE, GT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 744 EP 749 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-744 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT227 UT WOS:A1993LT22700009 ER PT J AU ROWHANI, A CHAY, C GOLINO, DA FALK, BW AF ROWHANI, A CHAY, C GOLINO, DA FALK, BW TI DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF GRAPEVINE FANLEAF VIRUS IN GRAPEVINE TISSUE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed to detect grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in GFLV-infected grape tissue. Four sample extraction methods for infected plant tissues were compared. Although PCR could readily detect RNA in samples of GFLV RNA and virion in GFLV-infected leaf samples of Gomphrena globosa with all four extraction methods, only one method was useful for GFLV detection in grapevine tissue. Dilution of infected grape leaf samples by a 200-fold excess of healthy leaf tissue did not prevent GFLV detection by this method. Extracts from healthy grapevines prepared by methods 1, 2, and 3 prevented detection of extracted GFLV genomic RNAs by PCR, demonstrating that grape tissue extracts can inhibit either reverse-transcriptase reactions or PCR. Using method 4, GFLV could be detected in all tested cultivars of European grape, Vitis vinifera, and an American species, V. rupestris. Detection was possible in infected leaves, shoots, roots, and bark scrapings. PCR detection of as little as 128 fg of GFLV RNA was possible. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP ROWHANI, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 21 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-749 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT227 UT WOS:A1993LT22700010 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RE DALLY, EL BERTACCINI, A LEE, IM CREDI, R OSLER, R SAVINO, V CARRARO, L DITERLIZZI, B BARBA, M AF DAVIS, RE DALLY, EL BERTACCINI, A LEE, IM CREDI, R OSLER, R SAVINO, V CARRARO, L DITERLIZZI, B BARBA, M TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSES AND DOT HYBRIDIZATIONS DISTINGUISH MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAVESCENCE-DOREE AND SOUTHERN EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE YELLOWS DISEASE IN ITALY SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MLOS AB Biotinylated cloned DNA probes were employed in dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses to compare mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with two grapevine yellows diseases (strain FDU of flavescence doree MLO from northern Italy and strain FDB of southern European grapevine yellows MLO from southern Italy) and Italian periwinkle virescence disease (MLO strain G from northern Italy). Results from dot hybridizations using six probes containing cloned DNA of MLO strain FDU, of MLO strain G, or of American aster yellows MLO strain AY1, revealed that FDU and FDB shared some regions of DNA sequence homology with one another as well as with MLO strains G and AY1, but all four MLOs were mutually distinguished. RFLP patterns of chromosomal DNA from southern European grapevine yellows MLO strain FDB exhibited some similarities with those from MLO strain G but were markedly different from those exhibited by DNA from flavescence doree MLO strain FDU. The results indicate that at least two distinct MLOs are associated with grapevine yellows in Italy. C1 IST AGRON MEDITERRANEO,BARI,ITALY. INST SPERIMENTALE PATOL VEGETALE,ROME,ITALY. UNIV BOLOGNA,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. UNIV UDINE,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. RP DAVIS, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 772 EP 776 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-772 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT227 UT WOS:A1993LT22700015 ER PT J AU KORCAK, RF KEMPER, WD AF KORCAK, RF KEMPER, WD TI LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF GYPSIFEROUS COAL COMBUSTION ASH APPLIED AT DISPOSAL LEVELS ON SOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF PLANT NUTRITION CY AUG 31-SEP 08, 1992 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL DE APPLE ORCHARD; BORON; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; MINERALOGY; SPENT BED ASH; SULFUR AB Currently, there is renewed interest in the agricultural utilization of coal combustion byproducts. Field sites where high rates (112 Mg ha-1) of high gypsum coal combustion spent bed ashes were surface applied in 1980 within fruit tree orchard rows were identified and sampled with depth. The objective of this study was to examine the effects on long-term exposure/leaching of these materials on soil profile chemical properties. When applied, the material had an aqueous pH of 12.5 and consisted of about 52% calcium sulfate, 33% calcium oxide and 15% coal ash residues. Eleven years after ash application, soil pH is significantly higher in the top 66 cm of the treated sites compared to unamended sites. This has been accompanied by increases in extractable and total calcium and total boron and sulfur with a concomitant reduction in extractable magnesium. Remaining pieces of the applied spent bed material are composed primarily of calcite and quartz with some gypsum associated with large pieces. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KORCAK, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1993 VL 154 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF00011067 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF439 UT WOS:A1993MF43900005 ER PT J AU KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ AF KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ TI CAN K+ CHANNELS DO IT ALL SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Letter ID CORN ROOTS; POTASSIUM-TRANSPORT; LINEAR COMPONENT; EXPRESSION; SYMPORT; H+ C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,PLANT BIOL SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KOCHIAN, LV (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 1993 VL 5 IS 7 BP 720 EP 721 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA LP736 UT WOS:A1993LP73600003 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, RJ VEIT, B MANDEL, MA MENA, M HAKE, S YANOFSKY, MF AF SCHMIDT, RJ VEIT, B MANDEL, MA MENA, M HAKE, S YANOFSKY, MF TI IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ZAG1, THE MAIZE HOMOLOG OF THE ARABIDOPSIS FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE AGAMOUS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; DNA-BINDING; CELL-TYPES; ZEA-MAYS; MADS-BOX; MORPHOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; DEFICIENS AB Recent genetic and molecular studies in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum suggest that mechanisms controlling floral development are well conserved among dicotyledonous species. To assess whether similar mechanisms also operate in more distantly related monocotyledonous species, we have begun to clone homologs of Arabidopsis floral genes from maize. Here we report the characterization of two genes, designated ZAG1 and ZAG2 (for Zea AG), that were cloned from a maize inflorescence cDNA library by low stringency hybridization with the AGAMOUS (AG) cDNA from Arabidopsis. ZAG1 encodes a putative polypeptide of 286 amino acids having 61% identity with the AGAMOUS (AG) protein. Through a stretch of 56 amino acids, constituting the MADS domain, the two proteins are identical except for two conservative amino acid substitutions. The ZAG2 protein is less similar to AG, with 49% identity overall and substantially less similarity than ZAG1 outside the well-conserved MADS domain. Like AG, ZAG1 RNA accumulates early in stamen and carpel primordia. In contrast, ZAG2 expression begins later and is restricted to developing carpels. Hybridization to genomic DNA with the full-length ZAG1 cDNA under moderately stringent conditions indicated the presence of a large family of related genes. Mapping data using maize recombinant inbreds placed ZAG1 and ZAG2 near two loci that are known to affect maize flower development, Polytypic ear (Pt) and Tassel seed4 (Ts4), respectively. The ZAG1 protein from in vitro translations binds to a consensus target site that is recognized by the AG protein. These data suggest that maize contains a homolog of the Arabidopsis floral identity gene AG and that this gene is conserved in sequence and function. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR MOLEC GENET,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP SCHMIDT, RJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 40 TC 175 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 1993 VL 5 IS 7 BP 729 EP 737 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA LP736 UT WOS:A1993LP73600006 PM 8103379 ER PT J AU GIBSON, DM KETCHUM, REB VANCE, NC CHRISTEN, AA AF GIBSON, DM KETCHUM, REB VANCE, NC CHRISTEN, AA TI INITIATION AND GROWTH OF CELL-LINES OF TAXUS-BREVIFOLIA (PACIFIC YEW) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE TAXUS; TISSUE CULTURE; TAXOL; PACIFIC YEW; TAXANES ID TAXOL; BARK AB Conditions have been established for the induction and maintenance of callus cultures of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) from bark, stem, and needle tissues. Cultures were established on a modified Gamborg's B5 medium, 1% sucrose, 0.2% casamino acids and 1 mg/L 2,4-D. There was no apparent inhibition of callus induction as a result of taxol concentration in the explant material. Cell lines derived from explants of individual trees were used to investigate growth characteristics. Although none of the cell lines contained taxol, some contained low levels of related taxanes.Variability was observed with each cell line in response to light, and auxin type and concentration. Growth index was most affected by cell line, followed by auxin type and concentration. These culturing methods may be useful for the goal of developing a high-producing cell line applicable for large-scale taxol production. C1 US FOREST SERV,PNRS,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP GIBSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAA,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 20 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM325 UT WOS:A1993LM32500001 PM 24196105 ER PT J AU NIEDZ, RP AF NIEDZ, RP TI CULTURING EMBRYOGENIC PROTOPLASTS OF HAMLIN SWEET ORANGE IN CALCIUM ALGINATE BEADS SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE CA-ALGINATE; CITRUS; PLATING EFFICIENCY; PROTOPLASTS; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ID CITRUS-SINENSIS OSB; PLANT-REGENERATION; SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; REQUIREMENTS; MESOPHYLL; CELLS AB Protoplasts were enzymatically isolated from log phase embryogenic sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Hamlin] suspension cultures, embedded in 3-mm diameter Ca-alginate beads, and cultured in a growth cabinet (15-20 mu mol m-2 s-1, 4-h photoperiod, 27-degrees-C). Plating efficiency exceeded 90% for Ca-alginate embedded protoplasts vs. 30% for protoplasts cultured in a liquid medium. Embryoids formed from protoplasts were recovered after 20 days by dissolving the Ca-alginate matrix with a calcium sequestrant. Embryoids readily formed shoots that were rooted on MS + 0.01 muM NAA + 5% sucrose. Potential applications are discussed. RP NIEDZ, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF00048459 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA LQ505 UT WOS:A1993LQ50500003 ER PT J AU LI, ZJ JARRET, RL PITTMAN, RN DUNBAR, KB DEMSKI, JW AF LI, ZJ JARRET, RL PITTMAN, RN DUNBAR, KB DEMSKI, JW TI EFFICIENT PLANT-REGENERATION FROM PROTOPLASTS OF ARACHIS-PARAGUARIENSIS CHOD ET HASSL USING A NURSE CULTURE METHOD SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE ARACHIS SPECIES; NURSE CULTURE; PLANT REGENERATION; PROTOPLASTS; TISSUE CULTURE; WILD PEANUT ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CELL-CULTURES; PEANUT; HYPOGAEA; EMBRYOS; GROWTH; CALLUS AB An efficient protocol has been developed for protoplast culture and plant regeneration from wild peanut (A. paraguariensis) using a nurse culture method. Protoplasts were isolated from suspension cultures initiated from leaf-derived callus, imbedded in agarose blocks and co-cultured with nurse cells of the same species. Up to 10% of the protoplasts divided and formed compact callus colonies. The protoplast plating efficiency was correlated with both the length of the nurse cell co-cultivation period and the protoplast plating density. The optimal nurse culture duration was 14d. The optimal plating density was 2 x 10(4) protoplasts/ml plating medium. Multiple shoots (up to 10 shoots per colony) were readily regenerated from protoplast-derived callus after transfer of callus to semi-solid modified MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 1 mg l-1 BA. Plantlets with normal leaflets were obtained by rooting shoots on porous rootcubes saturated with modified MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 NAA. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 34 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1007/BF00048467 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA LQ505 UT WOS:A1993LQ50500011 ER PT J AU FRY, WE GOODWIN, SB DYER, AT MATUSZAK, JM DRENTH, A TOOLEY, PW SUJKOWSKI, LS KOH, YJ COHEN, BA SPIELMAN, LJ DEAHL, KL INGLIS, DA SANDLAN, KP AF FRY, WE GOODWIN, SB DYER, AT MATUSZAK, JM DRENTH, A TOOLEY, PW SUJKOWSKI, LS KOH, YJ COHEN, BA SPIELMAN, LJ DEAHL, KL INGLIS, DA SANDLAN, KP TI HISTORICAL AND RECENT MIGRATIONS OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS - CHRONOLOGY, PATHWAYS, AND IMPLICATIONS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID A2 MATING TYPE; POTATO FIELDS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; GENETICS; SEGREGATION; STRAINS; PROGENY; TOMATO C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PHYTOPATHOL,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21701. POTATO RES INST,ROZALIN,POLAND. SUNCHON NATL UNIV,DEPT AGR BIOL,SUNCHON SI,SOUTH KOREA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,MT VERNON,WA. RP FRY, WE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Drenth, Andre/A-4915-2008 NR 47 TC 264 Z9 298 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 77 IS 7 BP 653 EP 661 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM890 UT WOS:A1993LM89000001 ER PT J AU MERTELY, JC MARTYN, RD MILLER, ME BRUTON, BD AF MERTELY, JC MARTYN, RD MILLER, ME BRUTON, BD TI AN EXPANDED HOST-RANGE FOR THE MUSKMELON PATHOGEN MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID IMI DESCRIPTIONS; FUNGI; EUTYPOIDES AB The pathogenicity of Monosporascus cannonballus to nine cucurbit and eight noncucurbit species was evaluated in the greenhouse by direct seeding into infested soil. Six of the cucurbit species were also tested under simulated field conditions in artificially infested microplots. In the greenhouse, M. cannonballus was isolated from 70-100% of the cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon plants and from 33-70% of the bean, corn, sorghum, and sugar beet plants 8-9 wk after planting. Perithecia of the fungus were observed on the roots of all cucurbits tested but only rarely on roots of noncucurbits. Discrete brownish lesions, general light discoloration, and necrosis were characteristic symptoms of cucurbit root infection. Consistent reductions in top dry weight were observed in wheat, corn, and all the cucurbits tested. Screening of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) cultigens indicated tolerance to M. cannonballus in two breeding lines and several cultivars. In the microplots, typical vine decline symptoms were reproduced on muskmelon and watermelon 9 wk after planting. This report is the first to demonstrate pathogenicity of M. cannonballus to a wide range of cucurbits on the basis of greenhouse and microplot tests. C1 TEXAS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555. RP MERTELY, JC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 77 IS 7 BP 667 EP 673 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM890 UT WOS:A1993LM89000003 ER PT J AU KRUPINSKY, JM CUNNINGHAM, RA AF KRUPINSKY, JM CUNNINGHAM, RA TI RESPONSE OF SIBERIAN ELM TO INOCULATIONS WITH SPHAEROPSIS-ULMICOLA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE WINDBREAKS ID DIVERSE PEACH GENOTYPES; RESISTANCE AB Eighty-one clones of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) were screened for resistance to Sphaeropsis ulmicola (= Botryodiplodia hypodermia) to determine if different levels of disease reaction or canker development could be detected. In 1989, inoculations with S. ulmicola resulted in significant differences among clones for branch dieback and canker length. In 1990, three clones with some resistance (small cankers) and three susceptible clones (large cankers) were inoculated with six isolates of S. ulmicola. On the basis of branch dieback and canker length, these clones were significantly different and responded similarly to inoculations performed in 1989. No significant differences in canker development among the six isolates were detected, and the isolate X clone interactions were not significant. These studies indicate that branch inoculations of clones with S. ulmicola will be useful in ranking or grouping clones based on their relative susceptiblity. The putative resistant clones can be identified and utilized in an elm breeding program. RP KRUPINSKY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 77 IS 7 BP 678 EP 681 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM890 UT WOS:A1993LM89000005 ER PT J AU CAESAR, AJ REES, NE SPENCER, NR QUIMBY, PC AF CAESAR, AJ REES, NE SPENCER, NR QUIMBY, PC TI CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOCTONIA SPP CAUSING DISEASE OF LEAFY SPURGE IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; SOLANI; PATHOGENICITY; SOIL; INOCULUM AB Diseases of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) occurred widely in Montana and were also found in Colorado and North Dakota during the spring and summer of 1991. Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 was isolated from mature leafy spurge plants showing crown rot and necrotic root buds, whereas binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungi were isolated from stem cankers and blights. Pathogenicity of the Rhizoctonia strain to leafy spurge was tested by inoculating cut stems or by planting mature crowns or seed in a greenhouse soil mix artificially infested with the fungi. Five of six R. solani AG-4 strains, but only two of eight binucleate strains, were pathogenic on stems. All strains of R. solani AG-4 caused root and crown rot and preemergence damping-off of spurge, and four of eight binucleate strains induced damping-off. All R. solani AG-4 strains were from Montana. RP CAESAR, AJ (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND WEEDS LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 77 IS 7 BP 681 EP 684 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM890 UT WOS:A1993LM89000006 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, JC GERIK, JS AF HUBBARD, JC GERIK, JS TI A NEW WILT DISEASE OF LETTUCE INCITED BY FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM F SP LACTUCUM FORMA SPECIALIS NOV SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; COLONIZATION; MUSKMELON; STRAINS; SOLANI AB A wilt disease was observed in the fall of 1990 in one commercial lettuce field (Lactuca sativa 'Empire') in Fresno County, California, and in the fall of 1991 in two nearby fields (cvs. Empire and Desert Queen). The disease is characterized by the death of some plants in the seedling stage, accompanied by a red streak through the cortex of the crown and upper root. Older affected heads show a tan-to-yellow tipburn with black streaks in the vascular system of some affected leaves, brown streaks in the vascular system of the crown, and a reddish brown discoloration of the cortex of the crown and upper root. Fusarium oxysporum was readily isolated from all affected plants, and in greenhouse inoculations this fungus caused a wilt disease of lettuce but not of any other crop species onto which it was inoculated. All pathogenic isolates belonged to the same vegetative compatibility group. Because of its apparent specificity for lettuce, the name Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. emend. W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. f. sp. lactucum forma specialis nov. is proposed. RP HUBBARD, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93915, USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 77 IS 7 BP 750 EP 754 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM890 UT WOS:A1993LM89000024 ER PT J AU UYEMOTO, JK BEEDE, RH CONNELL, JH VIVERO, M YOSHIKAWA, FT AF UYEMOTO, JK BEEDE, RH CONNELL, JH VIVERO, M YOSHIKAWA, FT TI REDUCED INCIDENCE OF ILARVIRUSES IN ALMOND AND PEACH IN CALIFORNIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP UYEMOTO, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 77 IS 7 BP 756 EP 756 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM890 UT WOS:A1993LM89000027 ER PT J AU MCCORMAC, AC WAGNER, D BOYLAN, MT QUAIL, PH SMITH, H WHITELAM, GC AF MCCORMAC, AC WAGNER, D BOYLAN, MT QUAIL, PH SMITH, H WHITELAM, GC TI PHOTORESPONSES OF TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS SEEDLINGS EXPRESSING INTRODUCED PHYTOCHROME-B-ENCODING CDNAS - EVIDENCE THAT PHYTOCHROME-A AND PHYTOCHROME-B HAVE DISTINCT PHOTOREGULATORY FUNCTIONS SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SINAPIS-ALBA L; LONG-HYPOCOTYL MUTANT; AVENA-SATIVA L; OAT PHYTOCHROME; ACTION SPECTRA; LIGHT; TOBACCO; GROWTH; ELONGATION; RESPONSES AB The photocontrol of hypocotyl elongation has been studied in two transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana which contain elevated levels of phytochrome B encoded by either an introduced rice- or Arabidopsis-derived cDNA driven by the 35S CaMV promoter. Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings of the phyB-transformed lines was saturated at photon fluence rates of continuous red light (R) which were markedly lower than those required for inhibition of growth in seedlings of the isogenic wild-type (WT). Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings of the phyB-transgenic lines under continuous far-red irradiation (FR), however, showed the same relationship with fluence rate as WT. Light-grown seedlings of the phyB-transgenic lines responded to end-of-day FR by an acceleration of growth, in a manner comparable with WT. This response was unaltered when the end-of-day FR was extended from a 15 min pulse to 14 h of continuous irradiation. The response of light-grown, phyB-transformed seedlings to decreasing R:FR ratio was also qualitatively similar to WT, i.e. increased elongation growth of the hypocotyl and petioles occurred under low R:FR quantum ratio. However, absolute elongation growth was markedly less in the transgenic seedlings at all R:FR ratios tested than in WT. Together, these data indicate that seedlings over-expressing phytochrome B are more responsive to R than are WT, but are unaltered in their responsiveness to FR. By contrast, seedlings overexpressing phytochrome A are more responsive than WT to both R and FR; whereas the phytochrome B-deficient mutant hy3 is unresponsive to R while retaining WT-like responsiveness to FR. These data indicate that in WT etiolated seedlings phytochrome A mediates the effects of continuous FR, and phytochrome B the effects of continuous R. The evidence thus supports the conclusion that these two molecular species of the photoreceptor have differential regulatory roles in the plant. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP MCCORMAC, AC (reprint author), UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT BOT,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND. NR 32 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.04010019.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN090 UT WOS:A1993LN09000003 ER PT J AU ZHANG, NY MACKOWN, CT AF ZHANG, NY MACKOWN, CT TI NITRATE FLUXES AND NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY OF SUSPENSION-CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS - EFFECTS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY SEEDLINGS; CORN ROOTS; ASSIMILATION; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; PLANTS; INFLUX; TRANSLOCATION; LOCALIZATION; DEPRIVATION AB Cell suspensions of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv KY14) were used to determine the responses of NO3- uptake and NO3- reductase activity (NRA) to exogenous NO3- levels in the absence of long-distance NO3- transport. Tobacco cells grown with complete Murashige and Skoog medium for 7 d were subcultured for 3 d with NH4+-free media containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mM NO3-. Cell NO3-, in vitro NRA, NO3- influx, and efflux of cell NO3- were determined. The NRA increased as cell NO3- increased. Cell NO3- efflux values increased as cell NO3- level increased. Cells with low intracellular NO3- had greater NO3- influx than cells with high intracellular NO3-. Woolf-Augustinsson-Hofstee transformations of the NO3- influx kinetic data revealed patterns characteristic of a high- and low-affinity two-component NO3- uptake system. Apparent V(max) values generally decreased and K(m) values increased as cell NO3- concentration increased. The NRA of cells supplied with 10 and 20 mM NO3- after 3-d growth in N-free medium increased about 5-fold within 2 h and then remained constant for the next 2 h, whereas NRA of cells supplied with 5 mM NO3- increased only 2-fold during the 4-h period. Intracellular NO3- and other N metabolites associated with cell NO3- levels exerted differential effects on the NO3- influx activity and NRA of tobacco cells cultured in suspension. Expression of high NRA was correlated with both high external and intracellular NO3-, whereas maximum NO3- influx activity required a low (depleted) level of cell NO3-. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 102 IS 3 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM877 UT WOS:A1993LM87700018 ER PT J AU LEE, HJ DUKE, MV DUKE, SO AF LEE, HJ DUKE, MV DUKE, SO TI CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN-OXIDIZING ACTIVITIES OF ETIOLATED BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE L) LEAVES - RELATIONSHIP TO MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; PORPHYRIN-SYNTHESIS; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PLASMA-MEMBRANES; H-3 ACIFLUORFEN; CORN ROOTS; ENZYMES; OXIDATION AB Seven-day-old, etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var Post) leaves were fractionated into crude and purified etioplast, microsomal, and plasma membrane (PM) fractions. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) specific activities of crude etioplast, purified etioplast, microsome, and PM fractions were approximately 29, 26, 23, and 12 nmol h-1 mg-1 of protein, respectively. The herbicide acifluorfen-methyl (AFM), at 1 muM, inhibited Protox activity from crude etioplasts, purified etioplasts, microsomes, and PM by 58, 59, 23, and 0% in the absence of reductants. Reductants (ascorbate, glutathione [GSH], dithiothreitol [DTT], and NADPH) individually reduced the Protox activity of all fractions, except that microsomal Protox activity was slightly stimulated by NADPH. Ascorbate, GSH, or a combination of the two reductants enhanced Protox inhibition by AFM, and AFM inhibition of Protox was greatest in all fractions with DTT. NADPH enhanced AFM inhibition significantly only in etioplast fractions. Uroporphyrinogen I (Urogen I) and coproporphyrinogen I (Coprogen I) oxidase activities were found in all fractions; however, etioplast fractions had significantly more substrate specificity for protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) than the other fractions. Urogen I and Coprogen I oxidase activities were unaffected by AFM in all fractions, and 2 mm DTT almost completely inhibited these activities from all fractions. Diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited PM Protox activity by 62% but had less effect on microsome and little or no effect on etioplast Protox. Juglone and duroquinone stimulated microsomal and PM Protox activity, whereas the lesser effect of these quinones on etioplast Protox activity was judged to be due to PM and/or microsomal contaminants. These data indicate that there are microsomal and PM Protogen IX-oxidizing activities that are not the same as those associated with the etioplast and that these activities are not inhibited in vivo by AFM. In summary, these data support the view that the primary source of high protoporphyrin IX concentrations in AFM-treated plant tissues is from Protogen IX exported by plastids and oxidized by AFM-resistant extraorganellar oxidases. C1 USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 51 TC 114 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 102 IS 3 BP 881 EP 889 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM877 UT WOS:A1993LM87700022 ER PT J AU RYAN, PR KOCHIAN, LV AF RYAN, PR KOCHIAN, LV TI INTERACTION BETWEEN ALUMINUM TOXICITY AND CALCIUM-UPTAKE AT THE ROOT APEX IN NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) DIFFERING IN ALUMINUM TOLERANCE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION-SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES; VIBRATING MICROELECTRODE; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; QUERCUS-RUBRA; GUARD-CELLS; CORN ROOTS; FLUXES; PROTOPLASTS; SURFACE AB Aluminum (Al) is toxic to plants at pH < 5.0 and can begin to inhibit root growth within 3 h in solution experiments. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Disruption of calcium (Ca) uptake by Al has long been considered a possible cause of toxicity, and recent work with wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell) has demonstrated that Ca uptake at the root apex in an Al-sensitive cultivar (Scout 66) was inhibited more than in a tolerant cultivar (Atlas 66) (J.W. Huang, J.E. Shaff, D.L. Grunes, L.V. Kochian [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 230-237). We investigated this interaction further in wheat by measuring root growth and Ca uptake in three separate pairs of near-isogenic lines within which plants exhibit differential sensitivity-to Al. The vibrating calcium-selective microelectrode technique was used to estimate net Ca uptake at the root apex of 6-d-old seedlings. Following the addition of 20 or 50 muM AlC13, exchange of Ca for Al in the root apoplasm caused a net Ca efflux from the root for up to 10 min. After 40 min of exposure to 50 muM Al, cell wall exchange had ceased, and Ca uptake in the Al-sensitive plants of the near-isogenic lines was inhibited, whereas in the tolerant plants it was either unaffected or stimulated. This provides a general correlation between the inhibition of growth by Al and the reduction in Ca influx and adds some support to the hypothesis that a Ca/Al interaction may be involved in the primary mechanism of Al toxicity in roots. In some treatments, however, Al was able to inhibit root growth significantly without affecting net Ca influx. This suggests that the correlation between inhibition of Ca uptake and the reduction in root growth may not be a mechanistic association. The inhibition of Ca uptake by Al is discussed, and we speculate about possible mechanisms of tolerance. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,UNITED STATES PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 47 TC 70 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 102 IS 3 BP 975 EP 982 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM877 UT WOS:A1993LM87700033 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, R INAMINE, G ANDERSON, JD AF TAYLOR, R INAMINE, G ANDERSON, JD TI TISSUE PRINTING AS A TOOL FOR OBSERVING IMMUNOLOGICAL AND PROTEIN PROFILES IN YOUNG AND MATURE CELERY PETIOLES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN SEED COATS; CELL-WALLS; PEROXIDASE; EXPRESSION; EXTENSIN AB Tissue printing onto membranes such as nitrocellulose is a technique employed to study the localization of proteins, nucleic acids, and soluble metabolites from freshly cut tissue slices. We probed tissue prints of young and mature celery (Apium graveolens) petioles with antibodies raised against two proteins, spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and tomato fruit catalase. The purposes of this study were to determine if these proteins are developmentally regulated and to determine if the patterns and intensities of cross-reactivity of antibodies on tissue blots corresponded only to the presence of specific epitopes or was related to the amount of protein present in any given area on the tissue prints. Different and distinct cross-reactivity patterns were observed with each of the two antibodies used. Tissue prints from young and mature tissues also showed differences in antibody cross-reactivity. Comparison of Coomassie blue staining patterns with antibody reactivity patterns showed that there is little relationship between tissue protein concentration and antibody reactivity. RP TAYLOR, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1031 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LM877 UT WOS:A1993LM87700039 ER PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA TI SHUTTLE VECTORS DEVELOPED FROM STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS NATIVE PLASMID SO PLASMID LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; CLONING; GENE RP SOLAIMAN, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JUL PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1006/plas.1993.1034 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA LM883 UT WOS:A1993LM88300006 PM 8378446 ER PT J AU LILLEHOJ, HS AF LILLEHOJ, HS TI AVIAN GUT-ASSOCIATED IMMUNE-SYSTEM - IMPLICATION IN COCCIDIAL VACCINE DEVELOPMENT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COCCIDIA; INTESTINAL IMMUNITY; CYTOTOXIC CELLS; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; CELLULAR IMMUNITY ID PEYERS PATCHES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOID FOLLICLES; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; EFFECTOR-CELLS; CYTO-TOXICITY; KILLER CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; ANTIGENS; CHICKENS AB Host responses to coccidia are complex and involve both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms. Convincing evidence exists for a major role of cell-mediated immunity in anticoccidial resistance. With an increasing need for the development of coccidial vaccine, understanding of the intestinal immune system is crucial. To provide increased insight into the immune mechanisms involving mucosal immune response to coccidia, cellular events involved in the maturation of intestinal immune system were studied. Postnatal development of various T lymphocyte subpopulations expressing CD3, CD8, CD4, and antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimers expressing gammadelta (TCR1) or alphabeta (TCR2) was investigated in chickens. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing the CD8 antigen increased gradually following hatching and subsequently declined with age. The CD4+ cells represented a minor subpopulation among the IEL. The ratios of IEL T cells expressing gammadelta (TCR1) or alphabeta (TCR2) in the intraepithelium of chickens gradually increased after hatching. These results indicate maturational changes of intestinal immune system that should be considered in the development of vaccine against coccidia. RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1306 EP 1311 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LJ931 UT WOS:A1993LJ93100017 PM 8346157 ER PT J AU PHARR, GT HUNT, HD BACON, LD DODGSON, JB AF PHARR, GT HUNT, HD BACON, LD DODGSON, JB TI IDENTIFICATION OF CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX POLYMORPHISMS PREDICTED TO BE IMPORTANT IN PEPTIDE ANTIGEN PRESENTATION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; B-COMPLEX; B-L GENE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; POLYMORPHISM ID B-L ANTIGENS; CHICKEN MHC; RECOGNITION SITE; CELL-INTERACTION; GENETIC-CONTROL; INDUCED TUMORS; BINDING SITE; BETA-CHAIN; MOLECULES; RESISTANCE AB Chickens of the B2, B-5, B-15, B19, and B21 B-congenic haplotypes differ in disease resistance. Complementary DNA from B-congenic chicken strains have been analyzed for allelic diversity of expressed Class II MHC genes. The predicted amino acid sequences of eight genes from five haplotypes were subjected to Wu-Kabat variability analysis. The B-L gene polymorphic regions and conserved regions are highly similar to the human leukocyte antigen Class II genes. Therefore, the present analysis reveals candidate polymorphisms important in determining the spectrum of antigenic peptides presented to T helper cells, and allelic differences possibly important in resistance to avian disease. RP PHARR, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1312 EP 1317 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LJ931 UT WOS:A1993LJ93100018 PM 8102203 ER PT J AU CECIL, HC BAKST, MR AF CECIL, HC BAKST, MR TI IN-VITRO LIPID-PEROXIDATION OF TURKEY SPERMATOZOA SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPERMATOZOA; LIPID PEROXIDATION; SEMEN; SEMEN DILUENTS; TURKEYS ID POULTRY SEMEN EXTENDER; HELD 18 HOURS; EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; SPERM MOTILITY; TEMPERATURE; RABBIT AB In vitro spontaneous lipid peroxidation is associated with loss of motility in mammalian spermatozoa and decreased fertility in chicken spermatozoa. The present study determined incubation variables for turkey spermatozoa that affect the rate of malonaldehyde (MAL) production as measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Pooled turkey semen was diluted 1:2 with diluent, centrifuged, and washed two times with diluent. The effect of spermatozoal concentration on MAL production was assessed by incubating 300-muL aliquots containing 15 X 10(6) to 1,300 x 10(6) washed spermatozoa (equivalent to 50 x 10(6) to 4 x 10(9) spermatozoa per milliliter) for 4 h at 5 C using four diluents: Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender, Beltsville Turkey Semen Extender, .9% NaCl, and phosphate-buffered saline. The concentration of MAL produced per billion spermatozoa was negatively correlated with the spermatozoal concentration of the incubation mixture. Linear regression analysis showed that: log (micrograms MAL per 10(9) spermatozoa) = -.72 [log (number of spermatozoa per milliliter incubated)] + 6.68; r2 = .85. Comparison of two incubation temperatures (5 and 24 C), for two time periods (4 and 24 h), showed that incubation for 24 h at 24 C resulted in the highest MAL production. The other three treatments were similar to each other. When seminal plasma was added to the diluent, MAL production was reduced. These data show that turkey spermatozoa undergo lipid peroxidation, spermatozoal concentration is critical in the development of the MAL assay system, and seminal plasma offers protection against lipid peroxide formation during 24-h storage. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1370 EP 1378 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LJ931 UT WOS:A1993LJ93100024 ER PT J AU HENRY, TJ FROESCHNER, RC AF HENRY, TJ FROESCHNER, RC TI DIEUCHES-ARMATIPES (WALKER) (HETEROPTERA, LYGAEIDAE) NEWLY DISCOVERED IN THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE HETEROPTERA; LYGAEIDAE; NEW RECORD; WESTERN HEMIPHERE; WEST-INDIES; DIEUCHES-ARMATIPES AB The rhyparochromine lygaeid Dieuches armatipes (Walker) is reported in the New World from the Dominican Republic, Grand Cayman Island, Jamaica, and St. Kitts. Although these are the first confirmed records of this genus and species in the Western Hemisphere, Walker's original description is based on a specimen from ''America.'' Thus, our records challenge the correctness of the recent designation of a neotype from Senegal, Africa. This species is said to be a pest of peanuts in Africa. A redescription and diagnostic information are provided to help distinguish it from other New World Lygaeidae. RP HENRY, TJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ453 UT WOS:A1993LQ45300012 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, LM AF RUSSELL, LM TI DESCRIPTION OF DISIPHON, NEW GENUS, AND ITS TYPE SPECIES, ASTEROCHITON-DUBIENUS BONDAR (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE ALEYRODIDAE; DISIPHON; DORSAL GLANDS; BRAZIL AB Disiphon, new genus, is described, Asterochiton dubienus Bondar is redescribed and designated the type species of the genus. The species was found on Psidium guajava L. in Brazil. Characters are given for distinguishing Disiphon from other genera. RP RUSSELL, LM (reprint author), USDA,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,ROOM 6,BLDG 004,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 463 EP 467 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ453 UT WOS:A1993LQ45300015 ER PT J AU DIETRICH, CH AF DIETRICH, CH TI A NEW GENUS OF NEOTROPICAL AGALLIINAE (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE LEAFHOPPER; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; SYSTEMATICS; CLASSIFICATION AB The Neotropical leafhopper genus Omanagallia, new genus, with included species O. obscura, new species from Brazil, and O. elongata, new species from Argentina, is described, illustrated, and placed in the leafhopper subfamily Agalliinae. The new genus shares features of the head and wing with species of Eupelicinae, Evansiolinae, and Megophthalminae, but these resemblances apparently resulted from convergence. RP DIETRICH, CH (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 468 EP 474 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ453 UT WOS:A1993LQ45300016 ER PT J AU DIETRICH, CH AF DIETRICH, CH TI A NEW GENUS OF IASSINAE FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE LEAFHOPPER; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; PENTHIMIINAE; HYLICINAE AB The Neotropical leafhopper Hoplojassus brasiliensis Dietrich, new genus, new species, is described, illustrated, and placed in the nominate tribe of the cicadellid subfamily Iassinae. Hoplojassus resembles other Iassini in overall shape and genital morphology, but certain features of the head, forewing, and leg are similar to those found in other cicadellid subfamilies. The unique combination of ancestral and derived features found in the new genus suggests that it represents a plesiomorphic lineage distinct from other Iassinae. The difficulties encountered in placing this genus accentuate the need for a revised higher classification of the Cicadellidae. RP DIETRICH, CH (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 475 EP 480 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ453 UT WOS:A1993LQ45300017 ER PT J AU HICKS, AL WHITCOMB, RF AF HICKS, AL WHITCOMB, RF TI THE GENUS LAEVICEPHALUS (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) - HOSTS, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND 3 NEW SPECIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE LEAFHOPPER; GRASSLANDS; OLIGOPHAGY; MONOPHAGY AB The genus Laevicephalus is comprised of small deltocephaline leafhoppers of North American grasslands. Although most species are southwestern and/or Mexican, some are northern or eastern. Southwestern species are largely associated with chloridoid (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) grasses. Some species are monophagous; others are oligophagous. Oligophagy coefficients are presented for 15 species of prairie and/or southwestern grasslands. Three new species are described: L. warnocki from chino grama (Bouteloua ramosa) in Big Bend National Park in Texas, L. navajo from montane blue grama (B. gracilis) grasslands of the Mogollon Rim and Sacramento Mountains of Arizona and New Mexico, and L. nosabe from side-oats grama (B. curtipendula) in Durango, Mexico. RP HICKS, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 481 EP 487 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ453 UT WOS:A1993LQ45300018 ER PT J AU SCHAUFF, ME LASALLE, J AF SCHAUFF, ME LASALLE, J TI NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON GENERA OF NORTH-AMERICAN EULOPHIDAE (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; NOMENCLATURE; EULOPHIDAE; EULOPHINAE; EUDERINAE; NORTH-AMERICA AB The systematic placement of the genera in the subfamilies Eulophinae and Euderinae of the Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of North America were reviewed. Two new genera are described: Cristelacher and Dasyeulophus. Thirty genera are included in the Eulophinae and five in the Euderinae. Four new generic synonymies are proposed in the Eulophinae: Notanisomorpha Ashmead = Hemiptarsenus Thomson; Mirolynx Girault and Pseudolynx Girault = Aulogymnus Forster; Cirrospiloideus Ashmead = Elachertus Spinola. One new generic synonymy in the subfamily Entedoninae is proposed: Aabacharis Schauff = Eprhopalotus Girault. Nine genera are recorded from North America for the first time: Colpoclypeus Lucchese, Cristelacher Schauff and LaSalle, Gen. n., Dasyeulophus Schauff and LaSalle, Gen. n., Deutereulophus Schulz, Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, Euplectromorpha Girault, Notanisomorphella Girault, Platyplectrus Ferriere, and Xanthellum Erdos & Nov. Thirty two new combinations are proposed and a lectotype is designated for Cirrospiloideus playnotae. A table of the genera of North American Eulophinae, with their current placement is given. RP SCHAUFF, ME (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI La Salle, John/B-9544-2008 OI La Salle, John/0000-0002-8816-9569 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 488 EP 503 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ453 UT WOS:A1993LQ45300019 ER PT J AU BERRY, AM HARRIOTT, OT MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF BENSON, DR JONES, AD AF BERRY, AM HARRIOTT, OT MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF BENSON, DR JONES, AD TI HOPANOID LIPIDS COMPOSE THE FRANKIA VESICLE ENVELOPE, PRESUMPTIVE BARRIER OF OXYGEN DIFFUSION TO NITROGENASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN FIXATION ID SP STRAIN CPI1; NODULES; PROTECTION; CELLS AB Biological nitrogen fixation in aerobic organisms requires a mechanism for excluding oxygen from the site of nitrogenase activity. Oxygen exclusion in Frankia spp., members of an actinomycetal genus that forms nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbioses in a wide range of woody Angiosperms, is accomplished within specialized structures termed vesicles, where nitrogen fixation is localized. The lipidic vesicle envelope is apparently a functional analogue of the cyanobacterial heterocyst envelope, forming an external gas-diffusion barrier around the nitrogen-fixing cells. We report here that purified vesicle envelopes consist primarily of two hopanoid lipids, rather than of glycolipids, as is the case in cyanobacteria. One envelope hopanoid, bacteriohopanetetrol phenylacetate monoester, is vesicle-specific. The Frankia vesicle envelope thus represents a layer specific to the locus of nitrogen fixation that is biosynthetically uniquely derived. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,FACIL ADV INSTRUMENTAT,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP BERRY, AM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013; OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 19 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 13 BP 6091 EP 6094 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.13.6091 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LM035 UT WOS:A1993LM03500045 PM 11607408 ER PT J AU HONMA, MA BAKER, BJ WADDELL, CS AF HONMA, MA BAKER, BJ WADDELL, CS TI HIGH-FREQUENCY GERMINAL TRANSPOSITION OF DS(ALS) IN ARABIDOPSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT-AC; THALIANA PLANTS; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATOR; TRANSFORMATION; EXCISION; GENE; DNA; PROMOTER AB We have established an efficient transposon tagging system in Arabidopsis thaliana using the Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) elements from maize. This system consists of two components, a stable trans-activator, Ac(st), that supplies transposase, and a cis-responsive Ds element. Ds and Ac(st) were constructed with different selectable and screenable markers to facilitate monitoring of Ds excisions and insertions as well as segregation of Ds and Ac(st). Fusions of the 35S, rbcS, or CHS promoters to Ac transposase were used to trans-activate Ds(ALS), a Ds element carrying an herbicide-resistance gene. The ALS gene encoding acetolactase synthase, which confers resistance to chlorsulfuron, functioned as a versatile marker for selection of plants grown in tissue culture as well as in soil. Thirty-five Ac(st) lines were crossed to two Ds(ALS) lines, and the resulting progeny were assayed for germinal transposition of Ds(ALS). Trans-activation of Ds(ALS) by Ac(st) resulted in germinal excision frequencies of up to 64% when using 35S promoter-Ac transposase fusions, up to 67% when using rbcS-transposase fusions, and up to 1% when using CHS-transposase fusions. Amongst progeny bearing terminal excisions, Southern analysis revealed that 45% from 35S-Ac(st) crosses and 29% from rbcS-Ac(st) crosses carried reintegrated Ds(ALS) elements. The Ac/Ds system we have developed should prove to be an effective tool for stable gene tagging in Arabidopsis. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 34 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 13 BP 6242 EP 6246 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.13.6242 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LM035 UT WOS:A1993LM03500076 PM 8392193 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL AF REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL TI ZINC-DEFICIENCY AFFECTS THE ACTIVITY AND PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME IN RAT TESTES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; EPIDIDYMIS; LOCALIZATION; PURIFICATION AB Zinc (Zn) deficiency causes hypogonadism in a number of different species. Previous work has shown that Zn deficiency reduces the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a Zn-dependent enzyme, in the testes of Prepubertal rats. These studies were designed to determine whether this effect was caused by a change in the concentration of ACE protein. Thirty-five male rats at 26 days of age were divided into three groups. One group was fed ad libitum a Zn-adequate diet (40 mg/kg); another group was fed a similar diet, but deficient in Zn (<1.0 mg/kg); a third group was pair-fed to the deficient group. After 4 weeks on these regimens, all rats in the ad libitum-fed fed group and half of the rats in each of the deficient and pair-fed groups were sacrificed, and tissues were collected for analysis. The remaining animals in the Zn-deficient and pair-fed groups were fed a Zn-adequate diet ad libitum for another 2 weeks, then sacrificed. With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for testicular ACE protein, the effect of these treatments on the concentration of ACE protein in testes was determined. After 4 weeks, ACE activity in testes of the Zn-deficient rats was reduced by 74% compared to that in the ad libitum-fed controls. This was accompanied by a 64% reduction in the amount of ACE protein in the testes. There was not a significant effect of pair-feeding. Refeeding Zn-deficient rats a Zn-adequate diet for 2 weeks restored ACE protein concentrations and ACE activity to values not significantly different from those in pair-fed controls. Soluble ACE, but not particulate ACE, of the epididymis was significantly reduced by Zn deficiency. Because the ACE activity of testes has been found primarily in the germinal cells, and soluble ACE in the epididymis is derived from the testes, these findings suggest that the effects of Zn deficiency on testicular and epididymal ACE is caused by an impairment of spermatid development. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 203 IS 3 BP 336 EP 342 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LJ223 UT WOS:A1993LJ22300011 PM 8390691 ER PT J AU DERR, DD ENGEL, RE AF DERR, DD ENGEL, RE TI STATUS OF FOOD IRRADIATION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON RADIATION PROCESSING CY SEP 13-18, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE LABELING; PACKAGING; QUALITY CONTROL; RADIATION PROCESSING; REGULATIONS; TRADE AB The time immediately preceding the 8th International Meeting on Radiation Processing in September 1992 has been a landmark period for food irradiation in the United States. U.S. regulatory officials, industry and media representatives, and some consumer organizations share the opinion that radiation processing may be part of the solution to microbiological contamination of products of animal origin. Several new regulations being developed by U.S. regulatory agencies and being petitioned by industry groups are outlined. Renewed interest on the part of the U.S. Army in using irradiated foods in many of their rations is reviewed. The first commercial facility designed for food irradiation and two demonstration food irradiation facilities began operations early in 1992. The progress of these facilities is discussed. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Uruguay round of GATT negotiations may significantly lower barriers that impede international agricultural trade. International agreement on appropriate control and inspection procedures would eliminate unnecessary differences and improve mutual trust thus facilitating international trade in irradiated foods. The harmonization of radiation process practices, dosimetry standards, and other issues plays a very important role in meeting the provisions of trade agreements. It is vitally important to address these issues early in the commercialization of food irradiation throughout the trading world. Some comments in that area are provided. Much has been done already to harmonize regulations and facilitate trade; but there is still much to be done. Regardless of how these issues are resolved, they will have a significant impact on the use of radiation processing for foods and the trade of irradiated foods all over the world. RP DERR, DD (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-5724 J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 42 IS 1-3 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0969-806X(93)90251-O PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LK323 UT WOS:A1993LK32300061 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT TI NEW DESORPTION STRATEGIES FOR THE MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MACROMOLECULES SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PRETERM INFANTS; METAL-IONS; HUMAN-MILK; MATRIX; IDENTIFICATION; LACTOFERRIN; URINE AB We present two new desorption strategies for the mass spectrometric analysis of macromolecules. These desorption strategies are based on the molecular design and construction of two general classes of sample 'probe' surfaces. The first class of surfaces is designed to enhance the desorption of intact macromolecules presented alone (neat) to the surface; we call this surface-enhanced neat desorption (SEND). The availability of probe surfaces derivatized with, or composed of, multiple types and defined numbers of energy-absorbing molecules will facilitate investigations of energy transfer and desorption/ionization mechanisms. The second class of probe surfaces is designed to enhance the desorption of specific macromolecules captured directly from unfractionated biological fluids and extracts; we call this surface-enhanced affinity capture (SEAC). Use of these new probe surfaces as chemically defined solid-phase reaction centers will facilitate protein discovery through molecular recognition in situ, and also macromolecular structure analysis through the sequential chemical and/or enzymatic modification of the adsorbed analyte in situ. Specific examples of laser-assisted SEND and SEAC time-of-flight mass spectrometry are presented to illustrate the potential for increased selectivity, analyte detection sensitivity, and mass measurement accuracy. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PROT STRUCT LAB,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 13 TC 499 Z9 528 U1 1 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP 576 EP 580 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290070703 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA LN526 UT WOS:A1993LN52600002 ER PT J AU GALLETTI, GC REEVES, JB FRANCIS, BA REEVES, VB AF GALLETTI, GC REEVES, JB FRANCIS, BA REEVES, VB TI ION-TRAP AND QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTRA OF LIGNIN PYROLYSATES - HOW WELL DO THEY COMPARE SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INFORMAL MEETING ON MASS SPECTROMETRY CY 1993 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY ID WHEAT STRAW; SPECTROMETRY AB Lignin samples from wheat straw, orchard grass, red clover and a synthetic lignin were subjected to pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using both quadrupole (QMS) and ion-trap detector (ITD). ITD mass spectra were comparable with those presented in the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) library and with those obtained by QMS as evaluated by discrepancy factors. Computer-assisted library searches for ITD spectra were successful for 22 of 47 compounds. The other 25 compounds were not present in the library. A typical program and mass spectra are shown. Statistical data are discussed. C1 USDA,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US FDA,CTR VET MED,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290070717 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA LN526 UT WOS:A1993LN52600016 PM 8347868 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE HOLLOWAY, RK ZEITOUN, MAM ELBASTWESY, A TABEKHA, MM AF NEFF, WE HOLLOWAY, RK ZEITOUN, MAM ELBASTWESY, A TABEKHA, MM TI FATTY-ACID, TRIACYLGLYCEROL AND VOLATILE COMPOSITION OF EGYPTIAN LIMESEED OIL SO REVUE FRANCAISE DES CORPS GRAS LA English DT Article AB Fatty acid, triacylglycerol and volatile components of crude Egyptian limeseed oil were determined by capillary gas chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection and dynamic headspace capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis, respectively. Limeseed contained 41% crude oil, of which 80% was triacylglycerols. The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol oil was 23.4%, palmitic; 5.3%, stearic; 20.7%, oleic; 34.6%, linoleic; and 12.5%, linolenic. Seven triacylglycerol species were found at concentrations greater than 5% : 13.6%, palmitoyioleoyllinoleoyl; 11.0%, palmitoyldilinoleoyl; 10.5%, dipalmitoyllinoleoyl; 7.3%, palmitoyllinoleoyllinolenoyl; 7.1%, oleoyldilinoleoyl; 5.7%., palmitoyloleoyllinolenoyl and 5.0%, oleoyllinoleoyllinolenoyl glycerols. The volatile compounds, typical of the components found in citrus oils, contained four major volatiles : 26.0%, limonene ; 18.1%, ethyl acetate ; 15.2%, beta-pinene; and 11.1%, gamma-terpinene. Limeseed oil currently is a waste product in Egypt. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILISAZAT RES FOOD QUAL & SAFETY,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU REVUE FRANCAISE DES CORPS GRAS PI NEUILLY PA 118 AVE ACHILLE PERETTI, 92200 NEUILLY, FRANCE SN 0035-3000 J9 REV FR CORPS GRAS PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 40 IS 7-8 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ME065 UT WOS:A1993ME06500002 ER PT J AU CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD BROGDEN, KA AF CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD BROGDEN, KA TI CHRONIC EFFECTS OF COINFECTION IN LAMBS WITH PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS AND PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PNEUMONIA, CHRONIC; LAMB; PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute lesions induced in young lambs by coinfection with parainfluenza type 3 (PI-3) virus and Pasteurella haemolytica, would persist until slaughter age (5-6 months) and resemble those of chronic enzootic pneumonia. To do this, 16 colostrum-deprived lambs were sequentially inoculated intratracheally at 1-2-weeks of age. All lambs became pyretic, anorectic, hyperpneic, and lethargic 1-2-days post-inoculation (DPI) of PI-3 virus and one died 3 DPI of the virus. The remaining lambs were given P. haemolytica 4 DPI of PI-3 virus causing exacerbated signs of illness but all recovered within 2-3 days. Five lambs, killed 7 DPI of PI-3 virus, had extensive interstitial pneumonitis and three of these five lambs had multiple necrotic pulmonary foci with purulent to fibrinopurulent inflammation and hyperplasia of alveolar epithelium. None of the ten lambs that were killed 75 DPI of PI-3 virus were ill or had pulmonary lesions. haemolytica was isolated from the lungs of two lambs killed 7 DPI of PI-3 virus and from one lamb killed 75 DPI of PI-3 virus but no virus was isolated. Control lambs did not have signs or lesions of disease. We concluded that resolution of acute lesions in the lungs was complete by 75 DPI and that coinfection with PI-3 virus and P. haemolytica, without other factors, is unimportant as a cause of chronic enzootic pneumonia of lambs. RP CUTLIP, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 11 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(93)90150-G PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LQ382 UT WOS:A1993LQ38200008 ER PT J AU WU, L SWAN, JB NIEBER, JL ALLMARAS, RR AF WU, L SWAN, JB NIEBER, JL ALLMARAS, RR TI SOIL-MACROPORE AND LAYER INFLUENCES ON SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASURED WITH BOREHOLE PERMEAMETERS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEAD WELL PERMEAMETER; INSITU MEASUREMENT; UNSATURATED FLOW; VADOSE ZONE; INFILTRATION; SORPTIVITY AB The borehole permeameter technique can produce erratic saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat) in soils with macropores and abrupt layers because operating theory assumes homogeneous and isotropic conditions. Dye application during an infiltration test demonstrated water movement in macropores and erratic K(sat) or matric flux potential (phi(m)). To evaluate the effects or micropores, cracks, and layered soil on K(sat) and phi(m), a finite element solution of the Richards equation was used to simulate infiltration from a borehole (0.03-m radius and 0.50 m deep) with a constant head (H) of 0.05 or 0.10 m. Borehole infiltration (for 2 h) was simulated for a Rozetta silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) with four configurations: homogeneous, layered, a cylindrical macropore centered at the borehole base, and a crack intersecting the borehole wall. Simulated flow rates were increased by 29% (with H = 0.05 m) and 21% (with H = 0.10 m) when a cylindrical macropore (4 mm by 0.10 m) was located at the borehole base. Respective increases were 25% (H = 0.05 m) and 20% (H = 0.10 m) when a crack extending 0.1 m laterally intersected the borehole wall. Three methods were tested for calculating K(sat). The simultaneous-equations approach (SEA) using either the Guelph or the Philip model for a homogeneously configured borehole estimated K(sat) within a factor of 2 from input K(sat), but the Laplace analysis method overestimated input K(sat) by a factor of 5 to 12. The fixed alpha value (alpha = K(sat)/phi(m)) method with either the Guelph or Philip model estimated K(sat) close to input K(sat) when a proper alpha value was chosen, but the proper alpha value differed by soil and model. A negative K(sat) was computed using the SEA with the Guelph model when macropores intersected the base of a borehole; negative K(sat) or phi(m) were produced when cylindrical macropores laterally intersected the borehole wall, depending on the vertical locations of the macropores. Soil with layered hydraulic properties also produced unrealistic K(sat). C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP WU, L (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 917 EP 923 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400006 ER PT J AU HADAS, A FEIGENBAUM, S SOFER, M MOLINA, JAE CLAPP, CE AF HADAS, A FEIGENBAUM, S SOFER, M MOLINA, JAE CLAPP, CE TI DECOMPOSITION OF NITROGEN-15-LABELED WHEAT AND CELLULOSE IN SOIL - MODELING TRACER DYNAMICS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN; PLANT-MATERIAL; N-15; SIMULATION; CARBON; STRAW; MINERALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; NCSOIL; FIELD AB The decomposition of heterogeneous plant material could be described more generally if it were based on decomposition rates of defined materials. In this study, mineralization of N-15-labeled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and N-15 turnover linked with the decomposition of cellulose in soil were measured and compared with simulated kinetics computed by the model NCSOIL. Dried wheat shoots (2 g C kg-1) with a C/N ratio of 14.4, or cellulose with ((NH4)2SO4)-N-15) at the same C rate and C/N ratio, were added to two soils and incubated for 32 wk at 30-degrees-C and 60% water-holding capacity. Inorganic and Kjeldahl N and N-15 were measured and compared with simulated data. Cellulose induced net immobilization of 70 mg N kg-1 within 2 wk; thereafter, net N mineralization was greater than for untreated soils. The decomposition rate constant of cellulose, computed by optimization of the model, was 0.024 d-1. The model underestimated N immobilization, the subsequent rate of net N mineralization, and the isotopic dilution of inorganic N. These discrepancies probably resulted from slower turnover of microbial biomass than simulated. Wheat decomposition was divided into three stages, corresponding to soluble, cellulose-like, and resistant fractions that decomposed with rate constants of 3.0, 0.024, and 4 x 10(-8) d-1 and accounted for 19, 45, and 36%, respectively, of organic wheat N. The computed gross mineralization of wheat N after 32 wk totaled 64% of added organic N, whereas N-15 recovery as inorganic N was 40 to 50%, depending on the soil. The difference was attributed to concurrent assimilation of labeled N by soil microbial biomass that depended partly on native soil N concentrations and should be considered in interpreting tracer experiments. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP HADAS, A (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST SOILS & WATER,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 996 EP 1001 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400019 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, DD DORAN, JW LOHRY, RD AF FRANCIS, DD DORAN, JW LOHRY, RD TI IMMOBILIZATION AND UPTAKE OF NITROGEN APPLIED TO CORN AS STARTER FERTILIZER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MINERALIZATION; BIOMASS; N-15 AB One goal of best management practices for N fertilization is to obtain high utilization of applied fertilizer. This experiment was conducted to determine plant uptake and the degree of microbial immobilization of NH4-N and NO3-N in fluid starter fertilizer applied to corn (Zea mays L.). In addition, two modifications of the fumigation-incubation method for biomass C and N determinations were evaluated for their ability to quantify immobilization of fertilizer N by soil microbial populations. Starter fertilizers tagged with (NH4NO)-N-14 or (NH4NO3)-N-15 were used to measure effects related to the fertilizer NH4 and NO3 components. Plant and soil samples were collected at the V3 and V8 growth stages. In both years, NO3 in the starter fertilizer was leached out of the emerging plant's root zone before it could be fully utilized. Ammonium underwent rapid nitrification and subsequently also was leached out of the topsoil, limiting immobilization and plant uptake. In the second year of the study, dicyandiamide (DCD) was included in the treatments, which maintained more N in the NH4 form, resulting in greater crop uptake and more microbial immobilization of fertilizer N. Under environments that tend to be conducive to leaching, it may be necessary to add a nitrification inhibitor to starter fertilizers to ensure that fertilizer N remains positionally available to young corn plants. The Shen, Pruden, and Jenkinson method for estimating biomass N gave immobilization values that were consistent with values anticipated from isotopic analyses of soil N. The Voroney and Paul technique appeared to overestimate biomass N by 1.5- to seven fold for our soils and climatic conditions. C1 NUTRA FLO CO,SIOUX CITY,IA 51107. RP FRANCIS, DD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1026 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400024 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM TRIPLETT, GB VANDOREN, DM OWENS, LB REDMOND, CE DICK, WA AF EDWARDS, WM TRIPLETT, GB VANDOREN, DM OWENS, LB REDMOND, CE DICK, WA TI TILLAGE STUDIES WITH A CORN SOYBEAN ROTATION - HYDROLOGY AND SEDIMENT LOSS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB When soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] is produced on sloping fields using conventional tillage and mechanical cultivation for weed control, potential soil losses are high, limiting production to relatively flat lands. With the advent of conservation tillage practices and herbicides for weed control, soybean production with tolerable soil losses on sloping fields has become technically possible. To evaluate soil loss under these new conditions, runoff and erosion were measured on six small watersheds that were farmed for 6 yr in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean rotation with conservation tillage. Two of the watersheds were chiseled each year, two others paraplowed, and the other two received no-tillage. A rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop was established each winter following soybean. With average yearly rainfall of 930 mm, yearly runoff was 63.5 mm and varied between 28 and 108 mm. Average yearly soil loss for the 6-yr period was 526 kg/ha, < 10% of the allowable soil loss. Two storms caused most of the erosion, with a single storm accounting for 42% of the total measured soil loss. Earlier, these same watersheds averaged 5750 kg/ha of measured soil loss during the corn years of a corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation with conventional tillage. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA,SCS,AREA OFF,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. RP EDWARDS, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1055 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400028 ER PT J AU OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM AF OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM TI TILLAGE STUDIES WITH A CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION - SURFACE RUNOFF CHEMISTRY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; NUTRIENT LOSSES; NITROGEN; WATERSHEDS; SYSTEMS; SOIL; FERTILIZER; SEDIMENT; RESIDUE AB When soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] is grown on sloping soils, there is a high potential for soil and nutrient losses. The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient losses in surface runoff across a range of watershed conditions when tillage practice was a variable. For 6 yr in east-central Ohio, nutrient concentrations and transport in surface runoff were measured from six small (< 1-ha) watersheds planted to a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean rotation. Two watersheds were chisel plowed each year, two were paraplowed, and two received no-tillage. Rye (Secale cereale L.) provided winter cover following soybean harvest. Nitrate-N and K concentrations in surface runoff were greater during corn years than soybean years, but there was no significant difference among tillage treatments. There were no consistent differences between crops or among tillage practices for the transport of soluble P, soluble K, and total organic C (TOC). Most of the NO3-N loss was in the runoff from a small percentage of runoff events. Although NO3-N concentrations in surface runoff frequently exceeded 10 mg/L during the corn years, the actual amount of N lost was small. But because of year-to-year variation in runoff, which masked most of the differences resulting from cropping or tillage practice, there is a need for long-term research (> 6 yr) to assess the environmental risks associated with a particular management practice. RP OWENS, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1060 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400029 ER PT J AU LIEBIG, MA JONES, AJ MIELKE, LN DORAN, JW AF LIEBIG, MA JONES, AJ MIELKE, LN DORAN, JW TI CONTROLLED WHEEL TRAFFIC EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN RIDGE-TILLAGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SUBSOIL COMPACTION; LONG-TERM; CORN; SYSTEMS; INDIANA; GROWTH; YIELD AB Ridge-till is pining widespread use on highly erodible land. Matched-width equipment has allowed producers to establish permanent traffic lanes in ridge-till. The establishment of permanent traffic lanes and a lack of preplant tillage has increased concern about soil compaction. The purpose of our study was to assess the effects of long-term controlled tractor wheel traffic on soil properties of a ridge tillage system. This research was conducted on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) in southeastern Nebraska. A split-split-plot design was employed to evaluate differences in soil properties among corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crops; row, trafficked interrow, and nontrafficked interrow positions; and depths of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm. Axle load of the tractor used on the plots was 4 Mg. Sampling was conducted in the summer after ridging. Most variability in soil properties among positions was confined to the 0- to 7.5-cm depth. Bulk density, soil strength, aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD), water content at field capacity (FC), and water content at wilting point (WP) tended to be highest in the trafficked interrow and least in the row. Saturated water content and gravitational water (GW) were generally highest in the row and least in the trafficked interrow. Soil strength in the trafficked interrow was 56% greater than the nontrafficked interrow and 104% greater than the row. Similar, but less pronounced differences among positions were also observed for bulk density. Aggregate mean weight diameter in the trafficked interrow indicated that wheel traffic resulted in larger aggregates while ridging resulted in smaller aggregates in the 0- to 7.5-cm depth of the row. Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)) in the trafficked interrow was approximately one-quarter of the mean value for the nontrafficked interrow and row. Organic C and TN were greater in the row than the interrow positions. The influence of tractor wheel traffic on soil properties was largely dissipated by the 15- to 30-cm depth. Because of the dissimilarity in soil properties among positions, ridge-tilled fields should be conceptualized and managed as three distinct soil zones, not as a single unit. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1066 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400030 ER PT J AU BUI, EN BOX, JE AF BUI, EN BOX, JE TI GROWING CORN ROOT EFFECTS ON INTERRILL SOIL-EROSION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THROUGHFALL; SYSTEM AB The relationship between Plant roots and interrill soil erosion is important in dynamic soil erosion predictions. Rainstorm simulations of similar intensity (63.5 mm h-1) were conducted in the summer of 1989 on 1 by 1 m field plots of Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) to study the effect of different root length densities, L(v) (cm cm-3), of corn (Zea mays L.), during vegetative, preanthesis, and anthesis plant developmental stages on interrill soil erosion. Sediment loss and runoff data were assigned to treatments, L(va), on the basis of L(v) range to reduce rooting variability associated with plant developmental stage. To avoid confounding by canopy cover, corn plants were cut at the stem base and removed for the first four sets of simulations. A reference set of simulations was performed on a fallow plot containing no roots, L(va0). Runoff and detached sediment were collected in buckets from each plot during successive 5-min intervals over a 1-h period. Thirty cores, 5 cm in diam. and 5 cm deep, were taken from each 1-m2 plot and roots were washed from the cores and measured. Means for runoff and detached sediment were generally not significantly different for the high L, or L(va), and L(va0). When L(va) was < 1.5 cm cm-3, runoff and detached sediment were significantly lower during the first 30 min of simulated rainfall. High densities of live corn roots did not reduce interrill soil erosion from a moldboard-plowed Cecil sandy loam. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSWILLE,GA 30677. CSIRO,TOWNSVILLE,QLD 4814,AUSTRALIA. RI Bui, Elisabeth/C-8849-2011 OI Bui, Elisabeth/0000-0001-7632-1992 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1070 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400031 ER PT J AU CAMBARDELLA, CA ELLIOTT, ET AF CAMBARDELLA, CA ELLIOTT, ET TI CARBON AND NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN AGGREGATES FROM CULTIVATED AND NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MANAGEMENT; STABILITY; WHEAT; PLANT AB Long-term cultivation of grassland soils reduces soil organic C and N content and has been associated with a deterioration in the aggregate structure of the soil. This study examined the effects of fallow (moldboard plow), stubble mulch fallow (subtill), and no-till fallow management on aggregate size distribution and aggregate organic C and N contents compared with a native (virgin) grassland soil. Aggregate size fractions were separated by wet sieving and the portion of soil was quantified for each aggregate size class. Mineral-associated ( silt and clay) organic matter was isolated by dispersing aggregates in sodium hexametaphosphate and removing the sand and particulate organic matter (POM) by passing the dispersed aggregates through a 53-mum sieve. The POM fraction is composed primarily of partially decomposed root fragments and has an average C/N ratio of about 16. A large proportion of the total soil dry weight (50-60%) was isolated in the small macroaggregate (250-2000 mum) size class. The native grassland soil was more stable than the cultivated soils when slaked, and the no-till soil was more stable than the stubble mulch and bare fallow soil when slaked. Reduced tillage management is effective at increasing the proportion of macroaggregates and results in the accumulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) derived POM within the aggregate structure compared with bare fallow soil. It has previously been shown that the POM fraction accounts for the majority of the soil organic matter (SOM) initially lost as a result of cultivation of grassland soils. The data reported in this study relates the loss of structural stability from cultivation to losses of organic C and N from the POM fraction. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP CAMBARDELLA, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 374 Z9 462 U1 14 U2 153 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1076 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400032 ER PT J AU SCHUMAN, GE MEINING, JL AF SCHUMAN, GE MEINING, JL TI SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF SURFACE-APPLIED GYPSUM ON REVEGETATED SODIC BENTONITE SPOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD RESIDUE; MINE SPOILS; FERTILIZER AMENDMENT; RESPONSES; SALINITY AB The high clay content and saline-sodic characteristics of bentonite mine spoils result in an environment that is not conducive to sustainable plant growth. Use of wood residue amendments have enabled revegetation of these materials; however, sodic conditions persist or worsen, threatening the long-term sustainability of these revegetated lands. Gypsum, 56 Mg/ha, was surface applied to these revegetated ecosystems to evaluate its effectiveness in ameliorating the spoil sodicity under a natural precipitation environment. The gypsum treatment significantly reduced the exchangeable Na and the exchangeable Na percentage of the 60-cm spoil profile 3 yr after treatment. The gypsum amendment also significantly increased the spoil-water storage in the 60-cm spoil profile. Gypsum treatment resulted in a significant increase in the spoil electrical conductivity; however, this increase did not detrimentally affect the vegetation. Surface-applied gypsum amendment effectively ameliorated the revegetated bentonite mine spoil sodicity under natural rainfall conditions in a semiarid environment. C1 DEPT ENVIRONM QUAL,DIV LAND QUAL,CHEYENNE,WY 82002. RP SCHUMAN, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1088 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400034 ER PT J AU ZAK, DR GRIGAL, DF OHMANN, LF AF ZAK, DR GRIGAL, DF OHMANN, LF TI KINETICS OF MICROBIAL RESPIRATION AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN GREAT-LAKES FORESTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; SOIL RESPIRATION; NUTRIENT CONTENT; CO2 EVOLUTION; NITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB Recent attention has focused on organic matter storage in forested ecosystems because climate change could potentially alter this process. Labile organic matter pools are especially important because they may be most strongly influenced by changes in soil temperature and water availability. We measured rates at which C and N were released from labile organic matter within the forest floor and mineral soil of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert), red pine (P. resinosa Aiton), balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Miller], sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) forests. Forest floor and mineral soil samples were assayed for microbial respiration and N mineralization using a long-term (32 wk at 35-degrees-C) laboratory incubation. Cumulative amounts of respired C and mineralized N were fit to first-order rate equations; pools and rate constants were compared among forests. Labile (respired) C pools in forest floor ranged from 67 (jack pine) to 92 g C m-2 (sugar maple), four to six times less than that measured in mineral soil. Rate constants for microbial respiration were statistically different among forest types, but means ranged narrowly in forest floor (0.269-0.299 wk-1) and mineral soil (0.303-0.350 wk-1). Labile (mineralized) N pools ranged from 2.2 (red pine) to 4.1 g N m-2 (sugar maple) in forest floor, an order of magnitude less than those in mineral soil. Rate constants for N mineralization varied from 0.326 to 0.556 wk-1 in forest floor and from 0.043 to 0.069 wk-1 in mineral soil. Regional climatic variables were weakly correlated with labile C and N pools and with rate constants. Annual in situ estimates of microbial respiration and N mineralization were far less than respired C and mineralized N pools, suggesting that only a fraction of labile soil organic matter is annually metabolized within these forests. Local climate, rather than the chemistry of labile organic matter, appears to be an important factor constraining the annual in situ flux of C and N from this pool. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXP STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. RP ZAK, DR (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,430 E UNIV AVE,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 NR 59 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1106 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400037 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ BAIN, WR AF SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ BAIN, WR TI NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FATE FROM LONG-TERM POULTRY LITTER APPLICATIONS TO OKLAHOMA SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; MANURE; DISPOSAL; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; WASTE AB With the rapid growth of the poultry industry in eastern Oklahoma, information is needed on the impact of land application of associated litter on the area's soil and water resources. The effect of broiler litter application on the N and P content was investigated by sampling 12 soil profiles to 150 cm under 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to which litter had been continually applied for 12 to 35 yr. Litter application averaged 6 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (dry wt.), which contributed approximate N and P amounts of 270 and 90 kg ha-1 yr-1. Adjacent soil profiles under idle native grass, which received no litter or mineral fertilizer, were sampled at the same time to a 150-cm depth. On average, soil pH and organic C were 0.5 and 21 g kg-1 greater and bulk density 0.2 Mg m-3 lower in the surface 5 cm of treated than untreated soils. Below 25 cm, litter had little effect on these properties. The effect of poultry litter on N and P content was greatest in the surface 5 cm of soil, with NO3-N and Bray-I P (BP) averaging 49 and 188 mg kg-1 in treated and 13 and 9 mg kg-1 in untreated soils. Below 5 cm, N and P content decreased rapidly, with only slight NO3-N accumulations (5 mg kg-1) between 50 and 100 cm and no movement of P below 30 cm observed. Poultry litter application decreased P sorption to a depth of 30 cm. Average 1.2- and 2.5-fold increases in the total N and NO3-N content of treated compared with untreated 0- to 100-cm profiles were observed. For P, 2- and 13-fold increases in total P and BP were found, with little accumulation as organic P. Overall, BP increased 22 mg kg-1 for each 100 kg P ha-1 added in litter. The greater portion of litter P (72%) than N (44%) retained in the soil profile reflects the differing sorption of these nutrients by soil, and greater plant uptake of N than P. It also emphasizes the need to carefully manage continual land applications of poultry litter to minimize potential environmental impacts. C1 USDA,SCS,NAT CTR 1,MCALESTER,OK 74501. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 42 TC 150 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1137 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400041 ER PT J AU SWANSON, DK AF SWANSON, DK TI THE SOIL SURVEY AS PARADIGM-BASED SCIENCE - COMMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP SWANSON, DK (reprint author), USDA,SCS,1760 WESTWOOD WAY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1164 EP 1164 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW044 UT WOS:A1993LW04400046 ER PT J AU VOORHEES, WB AF VOORHEES, WB TI ISTRO WORKING GROUP-B - SOIL COMPACTION BY VEHICLES OF HIGH AXLE LOAD SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP VOORHEES, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 26 IS 3 BP 252 EP 253 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LP777 UT WOS:A1993LP77700006 ER PT J AU VARIYAM, JN KRAYBILL, DS AF VARIYAM, JN KRAYBILL, DS TI SMALL FIRMS CHOICE OF BUSINESS STRATEGIES SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP VARIYAM, JN (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTHERN ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.2307/1059938 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA LM352 UT WOS:A1993LM35200013 ER PT J AU MILLER, DR MILLER, GL AF MILLER, DR MILLER, GL TI DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF SCALE INSECT WITH A DISCUSSION OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FAMILIES RELATED TO THE KERMESIDAE (HOMOPTERA, COCCOIDEA) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACANTHOCOCCUS HOMOPTERA; ERIOCOCCIDAE AB A new kermesid genus, Eriokermes, is described for three species previously placed in the Eriococcidae: Eriokermes gillettei (Tinsley) comb.n.; E. juniperi (Goux) comb.n.; and E. juniperinus (De Lotto) comb.n. Keys to Nearctic kermesid genera, Eriokermes species, and immatures and adults of E. gillettei are provided. Four female and five male instars of E. gillettei are described. Eriokermes is placed in Kermesidae based on a cladistic estimate of its phylogenetic position. RP MILLER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00664.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA LN888 UT WOS:A1993LN88800005 ER PT J AU CROSSA, J HERNANDEZ, CM BRETTING, P EBERHART, SA TABA, S AF CROSSA, J HERNANDEZ, CM BRETTING, P EBERHART, SA TABA, S TI STATISTICAL GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR MAINTAINING GERM PLASM COLLECTIONS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION; SAMPLE SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY; PROBABILITY MODELS; CORE SUBSETS AB One objective of the regeneration of genetic populations is to maintain at least one copy of each allele present in the original population. Genetic diversity within populations depends on the number and frequency of alleles across all loci. The objectives of this study on outbreeding crops are: (1) to use probability models to determine optimal sample sizes for the regeneration for a number of alleles at independent loci; and (2) to examine theoretical considerations in choosing core subsets of a collection. If we assume that k-1 alleles occur at an identical low frequency of p0 and that the k(th) allele occurs at a frequency of 1-[(k-1) p0], for loci with two, three, or four alleles, each with a p0 of 0.05, 89-110 additional individuals are required if at least one allele at each of 10 loci is to be retained with a 90% probability; if 100 loci are involved, 134-155 individuals are required. For two, three, or four alleles, when po is 0.03 at each of 10 loci, the sample size required to include at least one of the alleles from each class in each locus is 150-186 individuals; if 100 loci are involved, 75 additional individuals are required. Sample sizes of 160-210 plants are required to capture alleles at frequencies of 0.05 or higher in each of 150 loci, with a 90-95% probability. For rare alleles widespread throughout the collection, most alleles with frequencies of 0.03 and 0.05 per locus will be included in a core subset of 25-100 accessions. C1 UNIV COLIMA,COLIMA,MEXICO. USDA ARS,PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP CROSSA, J (reprint author), INT MAIZE & WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CTR,LISBOA 27,APDO POSTAL 6-641,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855 NR 12 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 673 EP 678 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA LR538 UT WOS:A1993LR53800003 PM 24193775 ER PT J AU KLEINHOFS, A KILIAN, A MAROOF, MAS BIYASHEV, RM HAYES, P CHEN, FQ LAPITAN, N FENWICK, A BLAKE, TK KANAZIN, V ANANIEV, E DAHLEEN, L KUDRNA, D BOLLINGER, J KNAPP, SJ LIU, B SORRELLS, M HEUN, M FRANCKOWIAK, JD HOFFMAN, D SKADSEN, R STEFFENSON, BJ AF KLEINHOFS, A KILIAN, A MAROOF, MAS BIYASHEV, RM HAYES, P CHEN, FQ LAPITAN, N FENWICK, A BLAKE, TK KANAZIN, V ANANIEV, E DAHLEEN, L KUDRNA, D BOLLINGER, J KNAPP, SJ LIU, B SORRELLS, M HEUN, M FRANCKOWIAK, JD HOFFMAN, D SKADSEN, R STEFFENSON, BJ TI A MOLECULAR, ISOZYME AND MORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF THE BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE) GENOME SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RFLP; MAPPING; BARLEY; GENOME; CENTROMERES ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; DNA; CONSTRUCTION; LOCI AB A map of the barley genome consisting of 295 loci was constructed. These loci include 152 cDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 114 genomic DNA RFLP, 14 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), five isozyme, two morphological, one disease resistance and seven specific amplicon polymorphism (SAP) markers. The RFLP-identified loci include 63 that were detected using cloned known function genes as probes. The map covers 1,250 centiMorgans (cM) with a 4.2 cM average distance between markers. The genetic lengths of the chromosomes range from 124 to 223 cM and are in approximate agreement with their physical lengths. The centromeres were localized to within a few markers on all of the barley chromosomes except chromosome 5. Telomeric regions were mapped for the short (plus) arms of chromosomes 1, 2 and 3 and the long (minus) arm of chromosomes 7. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET & CELL BIOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59715. USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING,ITHACA,NY 14853. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. SILESIAN UNIV,DEPT GENET,PL-40007 KATOWICE,POLAND. NI VAVILOV GEN GENET RES INST,DEPT PLANT GENET,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KLEINHOFS, A (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 42 TC 557 Z9 565 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 705 EP 712 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA LR538 UT WOS:A1993LR53800008 PM 24193780 ER PT J AU ZAGHMOUT, OMF TROLINDER, NL AF ZAGHMOUT, OMF TROLINDER, NL TI FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSIENT GENE-EXPRESSION IN PROTOPLASTS ISOLATED FROM VERY SLOWLY GROWING EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS-CULTURES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; PROTOPLAST; ELECTROPORATION; GUS ACTIVITY; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION ID MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; MAIZE CELLS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; PLANTS; RICE; PROMOTER; TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; MONOCOT AB Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic ('Mustang' and 'Chinese Spring') and non-embryogenic ('Mit') calli of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes transiently expressed beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity when electroporated with a plasmid containing the GUS gene and driven by an enhanced 35S promoter and a TMV leader sequence. Conditions for the maximum expression of GUS activity were: electroporation of the freshly isolated protoplasts at 250 Vcm-1 and 250 muF for 2 s using 50 mug/ml of plasmid DNA; incubation of the protoplasts with the plasmid before the pulse for 2 h; and a 15-min recovery period on ice after the pulse. In general, a higher GUS activity was obtained in protoplasts of non-embryogenic (NE) callus origin than in those of embryogenic (E) callus origin. Only GUS constructs containing a duplicate 35S promoter derivative resulted in a significant level of GUS expression. The presence of the TMV viral leader sequence in the pAGUS1-TN2 plasmid construct resulted in a significant increase of GUS activity in the electroporated protoplasts of both callus types. On the other hand, protoplasts electroporated with the Adh1 promoter and intron showed a threefold less GUS activity than those electroporated with pAGUS1-TN2. Optimized conditions for DNA uptake and expression were very similar for protoplasts of both callus types. The importance of these findings for the successful regeneration of transgenic and fertile wheat plants is discussed. RP ZAGHMOUT, OMF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 215,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 721 EP 730 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA LR538 UT WOS:A1993LR53800010 PM 24193782 ER PT J AU CHASE, CC LARSEN, RE HAMMOND, AC RANDEL, RD AF CHASE, CC LARSEN, RE HAMMOND, AC RANDEL, RD TI EFFECT OF DIETARY ENERGY ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGUS AND SENEPOL BULLS DURING SUMMER IN FLORIDA SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BULLS; NUTRITION; ENERGY; LIBIDO; SEMEN ID YOUNG BEEF BULLS; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CONCEPTION RATE; SPERM RESERVES; SEMEN QUALITY; TESTOSTERONE; TEMPERATURE; HEREFORD; BRAHMAN AB Pubertal Angus bulls (n=10, 503 days of age and weighing 366 kg) and Senepol bulls (n=10, 457 days of age and weighing 381 kg) were stratified by age and weight into 2 dietary treatments formulated to provide equal amounts of crude protein and 75% (below) or 150% (above) of the maintenance requirements for metabolizable energy. Measurements to assess body growth and libido were collected at 28-day intervals for 112 days (June through September). Twice during each 28-day interval, the bulls were subjected to breeding soundness examinations. At the end of the experiment, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in the serum were determined. At the end of the experiment, bulls fed the above maintenance diet (P<0.0001) were 91 kg heavier, had 1.7 mm more backfat thickness and 12.6 cm2 larger ribeye area than bulls on a below maintenance diet. Diet affected (P<0.003) the average daily change in scrotal circumference, but not the libido score (P>0.1), or semen quality. In general, Angus bulls had superior initial semen quality (P<0.06); however, during summer, semen quality tended to decrease in Angus but not in Senepol bulls. The final rectal temperature was 0.5-degrees-C lower (P<0.003) in Senepol than in Angus bulls. Basal T concentrations and area under the GnRH-induced T curve were greater (P<0.07) for bulls fed the above rather than the below maintenance diet. Angus bulls had a higher (P<0.03) maximal LH response to GnRH and larger area under the GnRH-induced LH curve than Senepol bulls. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,OVERTON,TX 75684. RP CHASE, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(93)90340-B PG 19 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA LL117 UT WOS:A1993LL11700005 PM 16727293 ER PT J AU WALKER, JT USREY, LJ AF WALKER, JT USREY, LJ TI GYROSCOPIC EFFECTS OF LIQUID BALLAST ON TRACTOR STABILITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GYROSCOPIC; TRACTOR; BALLAST; STABILITY; OVERTURN; ROLLOVER AB Gyroscopic effects of liquid-ballasted tires on the stability of tractors making lateral turns were predicted. This analysis used mathematical formulas to determine the torques produced by the centrifugal and gyroscopic forces. Gyroscopic forces due to the tires, tires with wheel weights, and tires with liquid ballast reduced the speed at which lateral tipping occurs by an average of 1.5, 2.4, and 6.4%, respectively, when compared to previous methods of calculation. The results from 84 tractors investigated show that forces created by the gyroscopic effect are significant, and should be included in the dynamic analysis of tractors making lateral turns. C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC. RP WALKER, JT (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1025 EP 1031 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500005 ER PT J AU KOO, YM CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR AF KOO, YM CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR TI INSECTICIDE-OIL DROPLET SIZE EFFECT ON FALL ARMYWORM LARVAE CONTROL VIA CHEMIGATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHEMIGATION; DROPLET SIZE; FALL ARMYWORM; INSECTICIDE-OIL DROPLETS; CHLORPYRIFOS; CROP CANOPY ID SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION; CORN; DISPERSION; DEPOSITION; DENSITY AB A mixture of an insecticide (chlorpyrifos) and immiscible oil was applied through a laboratory-simulated irrigation system onto corn and cotton plants that contained fall armyworm larvae (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Effects of insecticide-oil (I/O) droplet size, active chemical rate, and crop canopy architecture on percent larval control were evaluated. Small I/O droplets (D(V.5) = 6 mum) were less effective in controlling FAW larvae than were large droplets (D(V.5) = 74 mum). The percent larval control reached 90.4% and 83.6% on corn and cotton, respectively, at half the low recommended dose. The result confirmed that chemigation was effective on insect control. Percent larval control was higher on corn plants than on cotton plants because of an architectural advantage of the corn canopy which directed insecticide to the larval feeding location. The influence of I/O droplet size on larval control was more apparent on cotton at the lower chemical rate than on corn at the higher chemical rate. Applying optimal I/O droplet sizes in chemigation significantly reduced the use of insecticide needed to achieve improved efficacy. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP KOO, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1038 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500006 ER PT J AU HINSCH, RT SLAUGHTER, DC CRAIG, WL THOMPSON, JF AF HINSCH, RT SLAUGHTER, DC CRAIG, WL THOMPSON, JF TI VIBRATION OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES DURING REFRIGERATED TRUCK TRANSPORT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AIR-RIDE; LEAF-SPRING; RESONANCE; PEARS; TOMATOES; CHERRIES; NECTARINES AB Fresh fruits and vegetables experience losses enroute to market that are caused by mechanical injuries. Past studies have indicated that transit vibration contributes to this loss, and may be more important than impacts as a source of damage. In cross-country tests of cherries, nectarines, and pears in semi-trailers equipped with steel-spring suspension systems, highest Power Spectral Density (PSD) levels were found at about 3.5 Hz. In this study, PSD is used to mean acceleration spectral density. Other frequencies with high PSD levels were 9, 18, and 25 Hz. Similar results were found in tests with fresh tomatoes. However, in trailers equipped with an air-ride suspension and loaded with tomatoes, the PSD levels were attenuated at 3.5 Hz, and were reduced at other frequencies. The highest PSD levels were found at the rear of the trailer, with resonance in the loaded boxes occurring at some frequencies. Horizontal acceleration was much less than the vertical acceleration. Understanding acceleration levels and frequencies that occur during shipment of perishables in refrigerated trailers will help to determine methods that will dampen the vibration energy and reduce the present losses in produce quality. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HINSCH, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1042 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500007 ER PT J AU SLAUGHTER, DC HINSCH, RT THOMPSON, JF AF SLAUGHTER, DC HINSCH, RT THOMPSON, JF TI ASSESSMENT OF VIBRATION INJURY TO BARTLETT PEARS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE VIBRATION; PEARS; INJURY; TRANSPORTATION AB Laboratory tests revealed that palletized fiberboard boxes of Bartlett pears are most susceptible to bruising damage at vibrational frequencies below 40 Hz (cycles/s), which are common in refrigerated highway trailers. Damage studies indicate that of the four frequency regions observed in-transit (3.5 Hz, 9 Hz, 18.5 Hz, and 25 Hz), Bartlett pears are most severely damaged at 3.5 Hz and 18.5 Hz. Laboratory studies also show that fiberboard boxes of pears amplify vibration at frequencies below 40 Hz such that, for some frequencies, the lid of the top box in a pallet is accelerated three to four times more than the level input to the bottom box. C1 USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA. RP SLAUGHTER, DC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1047 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500008 ER PT J AU AMBUEL, J STEENHOEK, L SMITH, R COLVIN, T AF AMBUEL, J STEENHOEK, L SMITH, R COLVIN, T TI CONTROL OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION OUTPUT SPEED - DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARISON OF PI AND HYBRID FUZZY-PI CONTROLLERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CONTROLS; HYDRAULICS; FUZZY LOGIC ID LOGIC CONTROLLER AB A program designed to control a hydraulic motor using either PI or hybrid fuzzy logic - PI control was written. The motor under control was part of a hydrostatic transmission. The real time closed loop control software was written to run on an IBM PC AT or equivalent. Additional software was written to generate the fuzzy rule set to be used with the hybrid fuzzy-PI controller. Test results indicate that hybrid fuzzy logic - PI control of the motor speed was more effective than pure PI control for set point changes. Load changes were not tested. C1 USDA ARS,NATL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP AMBUEL, J (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1064 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500010 ER PT J AU MCCOOL, DK GEORGE, GO FRECKLETON, M DOUGLAS, CL PAPENDICK, RI AF MCCOOL, DK GEORGE, GO FRECKLETON, M DOUGLAS, CL PAPENDICK, RI TI TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT ON EROSION FROM CROPLAND IN THE NORTHWESTERN WHEAT REGION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; SLOPE LENGTH; SLOPE STEEPNESS; TOPOGRAPHY; PACIFIC NORTHWEST ID SOIL AB Accurate erosion prediction on rain fed cropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region has been severely hampered by lack of suitable slope length and steepness relationships. Relationships derived from data from the humid regions of the United States over-predicted the effect of slope steepness for the steep slopes commonly cultivated in the Pacific Northwest. In this 10-year field study, rill erosion data were collected from selected fields along an 80-km transect across eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Data from more than 2, 100 slope segments were used to develop new slope length and steepness relationships. These new relationships will significantly improve erosion prediction in this region. C1 USDA ARS,PENDLETON,OR. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PORTLAND,OR. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PENDLETON,OR. RP MCCOOL, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1071 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500011 ER PT J AU CAMP, CR THOMAS, WM GREEN, CC AF CAMP, CR THOMAS, WM GREEN, CC TI MICROIRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND TUBE PLACEMENT FOR COTTON IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT; IRRIGATION SYSTEMS; IRRIGATION SCHEDULING; COMPUTER MODELS; COMPUTER-BASED WATER BUDGET; TENSIOMETERS ID IRRIGATION; SUBSURFACE; MANAGEMENT AB Three irrigation scheduling methods and two microirrigation tube placements were evaluated on three cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars for three years on a southeastern Coastal Plain soil. Irrigation scheduling methods included two computer models, GOSSYM/COMAX and PRISM, and a method using tensiometers. Microirrigation tubing was placed on the soil surface, either adjacent to every row or in alternate furrows. Growing-season rainfall amounts ranged from 313 mm in 1990 to 544 mm in 1988. Rainfall distribution also varied widely within each year. In a similar manner, irrigation amount and frequency varied among scheduling methods and years, but no method consistently required the largest or smallest amount of irrigation. Cotton lint yields ranged from 850 to 1105 kg/ha over all years, but there were few significant differences among irrigation treatments within a year, even between the rainfall-only and irrigated treatments. Lint yields were significantly greater for the PD3 and DPL90 cultivars than for the Coker 315 cultivar during the three-year period, and the PD3 cultivar had a greater yield response to irrigation. The tensiometer-every row tube placement is the only irrigation treatment that produced cotton lint yields significantly higher than the rainfall-only treatment each year. The tensiometer scheduling method also produced significantly greater yields each year. Although yield differences occurred, they were relatively small. This fact, along with the inconsistent differences in the amount of irrigation water required, suggests that the preferred method for a particular application will probably depend more upon water or labor requirements, cost, or personal preference. Also, there was no difference in yield between the two tube placements. Because the alternate-furrow placement requires only half as much tubing, which will reduce installation costs by about 30%, it appears to be the preferred placement for this soil. Further research is needed to refine irrigation scheduling for cotton in this region. C1 DELTA & PINE LAND CO,HARTSVILLE,SC. MCLEOD REG MED CTR,FLORENCE,SC. RP CAMP, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1078 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500012 ER PT J AU DANIEL, TC EDWARDS, DR SHARPLEY, AN AF DANIEL, TC EDWARDS, DR SHARPLEY, AN TI EFFECT OF EXTRACTABLE SOIL SURFACE PHOSPHORUS ON RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE POLLUTION; RUNOFF; WATER QUALITY ID LOSSES; MANAGEMENT; DESORPTION AB Phosphorus (P) additions to surface water from agricultural nonpoint sources are of concern, because P often limits eutrophication of surface waters. Numerous sources of runoff P exist: indigenous soil and plant material, land-applied manure and sludge, and commercial fertilizer. In many soils receiving commercial fertilizer and manure, concentrations of P at the soil surface have been steadily rising due to either long-term or excessive applications of P. Critical levels of soil surface P may exist, above which runoff may promote eutrophication. Methods for rationally identifying these critical levels are needed to manage losses of P, which implies the need for accurate methods of relating soil surface P concentration (P(s)) to runoff P concentration. A study was conducted on both pasture and tilled plots (with and without residue) to evaluate the relationship between P(s) and dissolved reactive P in runoff (P(R)) using simulated rainfall. The data indicated that even for comparable storms, P(s) alone was not a satisfactory estimator of P(R). A model describing the kinetics of P release from surface soil to runoff was used to include additional variables in predicting P(R). When used with uncalibrated parameters, the model explained a significant proportion of the variation in observed P(R) values for pasture plots (r2 = 0.43) but was less successful in predicting PR for tilled plots (with and without residue, r2 = 0.13). Calibration of (adjustments to) the extraction coefficients resulted in an overall coefficient of determination between observed and predicted P(R) values of 0.73. While the model was successful in describing how P(R) and the independent variables are related for the pasture plots, the extraction coefficients should be calibrated to obtain best estimates of P(R). When used with calibrated extraction coefficients, the model provided realistic estimates of P(R) over the range of experimental conditions. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,DURANT,OK. RP DANIEL, TC (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1085 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500013 ER PT J AU WAGNER, LE DING, D AF WAGNER, LE DING, D TI STOCHASTIC MODELING OF TILLAGE-INDUCED AGGREGATE BREAKAGE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; STOCHASTIC MODELS; AGGREGATES AB A Markov chain-based, two-parameter model was developed to predict tillage-induced influences on soil aggregates. Model parameters for several tillage operations were identified on two soil types with a downhill, simplex, multidimensional, minimization approach. Simulation results suggest that the crushing model can predict tillage-induced aggregate crushing and that average prediction errors are within 3% for the limited cases of verification. This study indicates that the stochastic simulation is better than the conventional deterministic method in estimating the tillage effects on soil aggregate size distribution due to apparent randomness of variability in the field data. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGR ENGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WAGNER, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1092 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500014 ER PT J AU ALLEN, RR MUSICK, JT AF ALLEN, RR MUSICK, JT TI PLANTING DATE, WATER MANAGEMENT, AND MATURITY LENGTH RELATIONS FOR IRRIGATED GRAIN-SORGHUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; SURFACE IRRIGATION; SORGHUM; PLANTING DATE AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is produced under widely varying planting dates and irrigation management in the Southern High Plains. This study was conducted to determine optimum planting date and maturity length hybrid under varying irrigation levels. The effects of medium and medium-late maturity sorghum hybrids on yield, water use, and water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated for three irrigation regimes; no post-plant irrigation, limited irrigation (one or two growing season applications), and adequate irrigation (three or four growing season applications). Planting dates were from early May through late June of 1989, 1990, and 1991 at Bushland, Texas. Grain yields averaged highest (about 8.9 Mg/ha)for both hybrids under adequate irrigation when planted near 23 May. When planting very early (near 5 May) with adequate irrigation, the medium-late hybrid was slightly more productive than the medium hybrid; but when planting in June, the medium hybrid was slightly more productive. With limited irrigation, the medium hybrid was slightly more productive (yield of 7.2 Mg/ha and WUE of 1.3 kg/m3) than the medium-late hybrid (yield of 6.9 Mg/ha and WUE of 1.2 kg/m3). Under a major soil-water deficit without any post-plant irrigations, the medium hybrid was more productive. With planting dates in May and adequate irrigation, either maturity-length hybrid would give acceptable performance. When planting in June, a medium hybrid would be acceptable for both limited and adequate irrigation management. RP ALLEN, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1123 EP 1129 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500019 ER PT J AU BECKER, SM FOSTER, GR AF BECKER, SM FOSTER, GR TI HYDRAULICS OF SEMICIRCULAR-INLET DROP STRUCTURES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WEIRS; WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES; EROSION CONTROL AB The semicircular-inlet drop structure is used by the USDA-Soil Conservation Service to stabilize grade and control erosion in natural and constructed channels. It has been extensively used to prevent the formation and advance of gullies, where water must be dropped from about 0.61 m (2 ft) to 1.22 m (4 ft). A physical model was used to study the hydraulics of the semicircular-inlet drop structure. Research was conducted in two phases: the free flow tests and the submerged flow tests. The submerged flow tests were designed to determine the effect of tailwater elevation on the discharge capacity. In each phase, the objective of the research was to develop relationships between discharge rate, total head, and the geometric variables of inlet shape, overfall height, and approach channel width. The results of the research were used to develop a comprehensive hydraulic design procedure for the semicircular-inlet drop structure. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP BECKER, SM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1139 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500020 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC EVANS, DL JACOBS, D EVERITT, JH WELTZ, MA AF RITCHIE, JC EVANS, DL JACOBS, D EVERITT, JH WELTZ, MA TI MEASURING CANOPY STRUCTURE WITH AN AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; LASER; FOREST CANOPY; TOPOGRAPHY AB Quantification of vegetation patterns and properties is needed to determine their role on the landscape and to develop management plans to conserve our natural resources. Quantifying vegetation patterns from the ground, or by using aerial photography or satellite imagery is difficult, time consuming, and often expensive. Digital data from an airborne laser altimeter offer an alternative method to quantify selected vegetation properties and patterns of forest and range vegetation. Airborne laser data found canopy heights varied from 2 to 6 m within even-aged pine forests. Maximum canopy heights measured with the laser altimeter were significantly correlated to measurements made with ground-based methods. Canopy shape could be used to distinguish deciduous and evergreen trees. In rangeland areas, vegetation heights, spatial patterns, and canopy cover measured with the laser altimeter were significantly related with field measurements. These studies demonstrate the potential of airborne laser data to measure canopy structure and properties for large areas quickly and quantitatively. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST INVENTORY & ANAL UNIT,STARKVILLE,MS. USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1235 EP 1238 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MC505 UT WOS:A1993MC50500032 ER PT J AU SHEPPERD, WD AF SHEPPERD, WD TI INITIAL GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND CLONAL DYNAMICS OF REGENERATED ASPEN IN THE ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE VEGETATIVE REGENERATION; STAND GROWTH; COPPICE SILVICULTURE; ROOT CONNECTIONS; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES AB Root connections and clonal behavior was studied in 1-14 year-old developing aspen. Functional connections remained through age 14. Stem and root node density declined exponentially over time. Biomass and leaf area increased sharply at age 8-14. Growth was dependent upon crown position. Ramet populations were strongly aggregated. RP SHEPPERD, WD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 1993 IS RM-312 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MT969 UT WOS:A1993MT96900001 ER PT J AU JONES, L GIAVEDONI, L SALIKI, JT BROWN, C MEBUS, C YILMA, T AF JONES, L GIAVEDONI, L SALIKI, JT BROWN, C MEBUS, C YILMA, T TI PROTECTION OF GOATS AGAINST PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS WITH A VACCINIA VIRUS DOUBLE RECOMBINANT EXPRESSING THE F-GENE AND H-GENE OF RINDERPEST VIRUS SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE PPR; GOATS; VACCINIA VIRUS RECOMBINANT; RPV; PROTECTION ID IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CATTLE; INFECTION; PROTEINS; CLONING; CELLS AB Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. The causative agent, PPRV, is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Morbillivirus. Other members of the genus include rinderpest (RPV), measles, canine distemper and phocid distemper viruses. PPR has a very high rate of morbidity and mortality, and effective control of this disease is of economic importance in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Currently, there is no safe and effective vaccine available against the disease. The tissue culture rinderpest vaccine (TCRV) protects small ruminants against severe disease; there are, however, clinical problems associated with vaccination. This laboratory has recently developed several effective vaccinia virus recombinant vaccines for rinderpest. These vaccines are easy to administer, inexpensive to produce and heat-stable. Goats were vaccinated with a vaccinia virus double recombinant expressing the haemagglutinin and fusion genes of RPV. Although vaccinated animals developed antibodies (neutralizing and ELISA) to RPV, and not to PPRV, they were completely protected against challenge inoculation with virulent PPRV. This would indicate that protection is most probably due to cell-mediated immunity. Use of the rinderpest double recombinant vaccinia virus in areas of the world where PPRV is endemic would aid in the control and eradication of PPR. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,INT LAB MOLEC BIOL TROP DIS AGENTS,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,VS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL PY 1993 VL 11 IS 9 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90386-C PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA LM707 UT WOS:A1993LM70700013 PM 8212844 ER PT J AU BROCK, KV RIDPATH, JF DENG, R AF BROCK, KV RIDPATH, JF DENG, R TI COMPARATIVE HYBRIDIZATION AND NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE INFORMATION FROM 2 NONCYTOPATHIC ISOLATES OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HOG-CHOLERA; PESTIVIRUS; UBIQUITIN; CATTLE; PROBES AB Comparative hybridizations of 8 cytopathic (CP) and 11 noncytopathic (NCP) isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were done using 4 different cDNA hybridization probes. The hybridization probes were prepared from cDNA synthesized from 1 CP BVDV (NADL) and 2 NCP BVDV isolates (SD-1 and NY-1 ) within the p80 region and from cDNA spanning the 5' untranslated region of NCP SD-1. Hybridization with the 5'/SD-1 probe detected 19 out of 19 isolates, whereas the p80/NADL, p80/NY-1 and p80/SD-1 hybridization probes detected only 12, 16 and 13 isolates, respectively. To determine the basis for the different patterns of hybridization, the nucleotide sequence was determined for the p80/NY-1. The nucleotide sequence was compared with the published CP NADL and CP Osloss and NCP SD-1 and NCP1 nucleotide sequences and in 45% of the base differences between NY-1 and NADL, NY-1 and Osloss were divergent from NADL, SD-1 and NCP1. Based on comparative nucleotide sequence data and the different reactivities of the p80/NADL, p80/NY-1 and p80/SD-1 hybridization probes the relationships of the various test isolates were characterized. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP BROCK, KV (reprint author), OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,1680 MADISON AVE,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90129-U PG 14 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA LU591 UT WOS:A1993LU59100004 PM 8236781 ER PT J AU KELLEY, L HILL, J HAFNER, S LANGHEINRICH, K AF KELLEY, L HILL, J HAFNER, S LANGHEINRICH, K TI ENTEROGENOUS CYSTS IN CHICKENS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CHICKENS; CYST; ENTEROGENOUS CYSTS; SPLEEN ID CLASSIFICATION RP KELLEY, L (reprint author), USDA,FSIS,EASTERN LAB,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 30 IS 4 BP 376 EP 378 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA LR012 UT WOS:A1993LR01200008 PM 8212461 ER PT J AU TORIDE, N LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF TORIDE, N LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLUTE TRANSPORT WITH 1ST-ORDER DECAY AND ZERO-ORDER PRODUCTION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; FIELD SCALE; EQUILIBRIUM; DISPERSION; MODELS; SOILS; WATER; FLOW AB Solute transport in the subsurface is often considered to be a nonequilibrium process. Predictive models for nonequilibrium transport may be based either on chemical considerations by assuming the presence of a kinetic sorption process, or on physical considerations by assuming two-region (dual-porosity) type formulations which partition the liquid phase into mobile and immobile regions. For certain simplifying conditions, including steady state flow and linear sorption, the chemical and physical nonequilibrium transport models can be cast in the same dimensionless form. This paper presents a comprehensive set of analytical solutions for one-dimensional nonequilibrium solute transport through semi-infinite soil systems. The models involve the one-site, two-site, and two-region transport models, and include provisions for first-order decay and zero-order production. General solutions are derived for the volume-averaged (or resident) solute concentration using Laplace transforms assuming both first- and third-type inlet conditions, and arbitrary initial conditions, input solute concentrations, and solute production profiles. The solutions extend and generalize existing solutions for equilibrium and nonequilibrium solute transport. The general solutions are evaluated for some commonly used input and initial conditions, and zero-order production profiles. Expressions for the flux-averaged concentration are derived from the general and specific solutions assuming a third-type inlet condition. Typical examples of calculated concentration distributions resulting from several sets of initial and input conditions and zero-order production functions are also presented and briefly discussed. RP TORIDE, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERDALE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 28 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2167 EP 2182 DI 10.1029/93WR00496 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LL335 UT WOS:A1993LL33500026 ER PT J AU HART, SE SAUNDERS, JW PENNER, D AF HART, SE SAUNDERS, JW PENNER, D TI SEMIDOMINANT NATURE OF MONOGENIC SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN SUGAR-BEET (BETA-VULGARIS) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLORIMURON; PRIMISULFURON; THIFENSULFURON; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE ID SULFOMETURON METHYL; CROSS-RESISTANCE; CHLORSULFURON; MUTANTS; PLANTS AB Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the degree of dominance of the monogenic sulfonylurea herbicide resistance trait in diploid sugarbeet by comparing the response of homozygous and heterozygous resistant sugarbeet to primisulfuron, thifensulfuron, and chlorimuron on the whole plant and acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme level. Progeny tests suggested that the monogenic sulfonylurea herbicide resistance was semidominant. Subsequently, heterozygous resistant (R-1) and homozygous resistant (R-2) sugarbeet lines were sprayed with increasing rates of primisulfuron, thifensulfuron, and chlorimuron, and herbicide rates required for 50% growth reduction (GR50) were determined. GR50 values were also determined for homozygous susceptible sugarbeet lines (S-1 and S-2). The GR50 values indicated that the R-2 sugarbeet was 377, 269, and 144 times more resistant to primisulfuron, thifensulfuron, and chlorimuron, respectively, than susceptible S-2 sugarbeet. In contrast, R-1 sugarbeet was only 107, 76, and 57 times more resistant to primisulfuron, thifensulfuron, and chlorimuron, respectively, than S-1 sugarbeet, indicating at least a twofold difference in the magnitude of resistance between homozygous resistant and heterozygous resistant sugarbeet lines. ALS enzyme activity analysis were consistent with whole plant results. Thus, based on these two, maximum crop resistance can be obtained by developing homozygous resistant cultivars. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800001 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW JOURDAN, SW WYSE, DL SOMERS, DA MAGNUSSON, MU AF GRONWALD, JW JOURDAN, SW WYSE, DL SOMERS, DA MAGNUSSON, MU TI EFFECT OF AMMONIUM-SULFATE ON ABSORPTION OF IMAZETHAPYR BY QUACKGRASS (ELYTRIGIA-REPENS) AND MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS) CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PLASMA MEMBRANE ATPASE; HERBICIDE ABSORPTION; AGROPYRON-REPENS L BEAUV; AGRRE ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; WEAK ACIDS; SETHOXYDIM ABSORPTION; INORGANIC SALTS; FOLIAR UPTAKE; GLYCINE-MAX; GLYPHOSATE; TRANSLOCATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; METHYLAMMONIUM AB Field trials indicated that addition of ammonium sulfate to imazethapyr plus nonionic surfactant increased quackgrass control, especially at low imazethapyr rates. In greenhouse experiments, approximately twice as much imazethapyr was absorbed by quackgrass leaves when the herbicide was applied in combination with nonionic surfactant plus ammonium sulfate than when the herbicide was applied with nonionic surfactant alone. Black Mexican Sweet maize (BMS) suspension-cultured cells were used to evaluate the effects of ammonium sulfate and nonionic surfactant on cellular absorption of imazethapyr in the absence of a cuticular barrier. Imazethapyr absorption by BMS cells was diffusion-mediated, energy-dependent, and exhibited a pH optimum of approximately 3. Over the concentration range of 0.1 to 10.0 muM, the equilibrium concentration of imazethapyr in BMS cells was a linear function of the external concentration. Addition of ammonium sulfate to the external medium of BMS cells enhanced both the rate of imazethapyr uptake and medium acidification. There was a linear correlation between the ability of ammonium sulfate (0.5 to 10 mM) to promote medium acidification and imazethapyr uptake by BMS cells. The ammonium sulfate-induced stimulation of imazethapyr absorption in BMS cells was sensitive to plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors (sodium vanadate, diethylstilbestrol), the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone, and energy metabolism inhibitors (sodium azide, nitrogen gas), demonstrating that this effect was dependent on ATP production and the functioning of the plasma membrane ATPase. It is hypothesized that cytoplasmic acidification in BMS cells due to ammonium assimilation stimulates the plasma membrane ATPase to pump protons across the plasma membrane which in turn acidifies the cell wall promoting cellular accumulation of imazethapyr by ion-trapping. ('ell wall acidification due to ammonium assimilation may contribute to the ability of ammonium sulfate to enhance the efficacy of imazethapyr and other foliar-applied herbicides. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GRONWALD, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800002 ER PT J AU DOTRAY, PA YOUNG, FL AF DOTRAY, PA YOUNG, FL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ROOT AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT OF JOINTED GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROWING DEGREE-DAYS; PHYLLOCHRON; ROOT DEVELOPMENT; ROOT NOMENCLATURE; [TRITICUM-CYLINDRICUM (HOST) CES, PASS AND GIB]; WHEAT; AEGCY ID WHEAT AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to compare root development of jointed goatgrass to winter wheat. Time of seminal root development in jointed goatgrass was similar to that of winter wheat and to root development predicted by a model. The only exception was the epiblast node roots (-1A and -1B), which developed approximately 1 phyllochron later in jointed goatgrass than in winter wheat. At crown nodes, A and B roots developed later in jointed goatgrass than in winter wheat, but development of X and Y roots at these nodes was similar for both species. First-order branching at a given root axis in jointed goatgrass roots began approximately 1 phyllochron after development of that axis, compared to 2.5 phyllochrons for winter wheat and the model. Second- and third-order branching of jointed goatgrass roots began 1 and 0.5 phyllochrons earlier than the respective branching of winter wheat roots. Leaf and tiller development followed the same pattern with time for both species. Maximum distance between crown roots was 1.5 to 3 times greater in winter wheat than in jointed goatgrass. Root length density at the 0- to 10-cm depth was less for jointed goatgrass than for winter wheat, but there were no differences at greater depths. The frequency of branching of first-order laterals was greater for jointed goatgrass than for winter wheat. In the field, the relationship of jointed goatgrass shoot development to accumulated growing degree-days was linear (R2 = 0.97), with a slope and y-intercept similar to winter wheat (R2 = 0.95). These data, showing slight differences in root growth and development between jointed goatgrass and winter wheat, may be used in predictive modeling to better understand the biology and ecology of each species, and may be used in conjunction with other models to establish weed threshold levels and improve selective placement of fertilizers and herbicides to benefit crop development. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800006 ER PT J AU MILLHOLLON, RW BURNER, DM AF MILLHOLLON, RW BURNER, DM TI ITCHGRASS (ROTTBOELLIA-COCHINCHINENSIS) BIOTYPES IN WORLD POPULATIONS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ITCHGRASS PHOTOPERIOD; ITCHGRASS CYTOLOGY; ITCHGRASS ECOLOGY; ROOEX ID EXALTATA AB Itchgrass biotypes from 34 countries or territories were evaluated under controlled and natural day length at Houma, LA. They could be placed in five broad groups based primarily on the effect of day length on flowering but also on general morphology and pattern of growth. The Group 1 biotypes (Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba-1, Ecuador-1, Florida, Guadeloupe, Hondurast, Louisiana-1, North Carolina, Papua New Guinea-1, Panama, Peru, Philippines-1, and Venezuela) were not affected by day lengths of 12 and 14 h (day length neutral) and flowered 35 to 57 d after germination. The Group 2 biotypes (Australia, Kenya-1, Reunion, South Africa, and Zimbabwe) also were not greatly affected by photoperiod and flowered 54 to 67 d after germination, and were taller with fewer and larger diameter culms than the Group 1 biotypes. The Group 3 biotypes (Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, and Philippines-2) were moderately sensitive to photoperiod. They took longer to flower at 14 h than at 12 h and flowered in 63 to 95 d. The Group 4 biotypes (Cuba-2, Dominican Republic, Ecuador-2, Honduras-2, India, Louisiana-2, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea-2, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, and Thailand) were short-day plants that did not flower in the screenhouse until August or September (130 to 163 d), after the natural photoperiod had decreased to 13 h. The Group 5 biotypes (Indonesia, Kenya-2, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, and Trinidad) were strict short-day plants that flowered only in September to November (167 to 226 d), after the day length had decreased to about t2 h. Most biotypes were diploids with 2n = 20 chromosomes, but some were polyploids (2n = 40 or 2n = 60). The shape of the glume tip on the pedicellate spikelet was found to be acuminate, acute, or obtuse for the biotypes with 2n = 20, 40, and 60 chromosomes, respectively, and was a reliable marker to distinguish diploids from polyploids. RP MILLHOLLON, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800009 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL AF ANDERSON, RL TI JOINTED GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA) ECOLOGY AND INTERFERENCE IN WINTER-WHEAT SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENT; SOIL WATER EXTRACTION; TIME OF EMERGENCE; TIME OF REMOVAL; COMMUNITY YIELD; AEGCY ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; DOWNY BROME; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CROP YIELD; BIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; WEEDS AB Jointed goatgrass is a serious weed in winter wheat, and presently no herbicides are available for its selective control. This study examined the effect of time of emergence and removal on jointed goatgrass interference in winter wheat, as well as its rate of development and soil water extraction. The goal of this study was to suggest cultural practices that minimize jointed goatgrass interference in winter wheat. Jointed goatgrass development was identical to 'Vona' winter wheat in two crop seasons, even though precipitation differed drastically between seasons. Depth of soil water extraction of both species was also similar. Jointed goatgrass at 18 plants m-2 reduced grain yield 27 and 17% when emerging 0 and 42 d after Vona, respectively. The relationship between time of jointed goatgrass emergence after winter wheat and grain yield loss was Y = 30.6 - 0.29X (X = days, r = 0.72), indicating that plants emerging in late fall still caused yield loss. Removing jointed goatgrass by early March prevented winter wheat grain yield loss. The interference data suggests that producers assess infestation levels and plan control measures in early March. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 388 EP 393 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800010 ER PT J AU OGG, AG STEPHENS, RH GEALY, DR AF OGG, AG STEPHENS, RH GEALY, DR TI GROWTH ANALYSIS OF MAYWEED CHAMOMILE (ANTHEMIS-COTULA) INTERFERENCE IN PEAS (PISUM-SATIVUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION; REPLACEMENT SERIES; RELATIVE YIELD; AGGRESSIVENESS; HEIGHT; LEAF AREA; DRY WEIGHT; DOGFENNEL; ANTCO AB Destructive growth analysis of field replacement series experiments with mayweed chamomile and dry field peas was used to determine the competitive relationship between the two species. Mayweed chamomile produced similar amounts of leaf area and dry weight per plant in a dry year and a wet year. On the other hand, dry field peas produced 20% more leaf area and 100% more dry weight per plant in the wet year compared to the dry year. Height, leaf area, and dry weight of peas reached maximum between bloom and pod-set, and then declined. Height and dry weight of mayweed chamomile increased steadily throughout the growing season. Mayweed chamomile leaf area reached a maximum at the beginning of flower stem elongation. Initially, the relative growth rate of mayweed chamomile was about three times greater than the rate for peas, but by 40 to 48 d after planting, rates were similar for both species. Relative yields and relative crowding coefficients for dry weight showed that peas were 3 to 20 times more aggressive than mayweed chamomile. Results of these experiments show that mayweed chamomile is a weak competitor against peas, but because it continues to grow after peas senesce, it could interfere with crop harvest. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP OGG, AG (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,165 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800011 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI RETREATMENT WITH FALL-APPLIED HERBICIDES FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) CONTROL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERENNIAL WEED; CHLORSULFURON; CLOPYRALID; DICAMBA; GLYPHOSATE; METSULFURON; PICLORAM; 2,4-D; CIRAR ID TILL SPRING WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ECONOMICS AB This field research was designed to compare the long-term effectiveness of late-September applications of several herbicides for reducing Canada thistle shoot density on noncropped, untilled abandoned farmland when reapplied annually for 3 yr. Clopyralid at 560 and 840 g ae ha-1 or picloram at 280 and 560 g ae ha-1 reduced Canada thistle shoot density as well as either glyphosate3 at 0.8 to 2.8 kg ae ha-1 or dicamba at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ae ha-1. These treatments were much more effective than 2,4-D at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ae ha-1, chlorsulfuron at 34 and 67 g ai ha-1, and metsulfuron at 34 and 67 g ha-1 for progressively reducing Canada thistle shoot density over three annual fall applications. Picloram and clopyralid greatly reduced and delayed shoot emergence from adventitious root buds in spring after two fall-applied treatments compared with nontreated checks. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 434 EP 440 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800016 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD GUNSOLUS, JL RALSTON, DF AF BUHLER, DD GUNSOLUS, JL RALSTON, DF TI COMMON COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM) CONTROL IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) WITH REDUCED BENTAZON RATES AND CULTIVATION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BANDED HERBICIDES; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; MECHANICAL WEED CONTROL; XANST ID WEED-CONTROL; POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES AB Common cocklebur is a very competitive and difficult to control weed species in soybean production. Field research was conducted at Rosemount, MN, from 1989 to 1991 to evaluate reduced rates of bentazon applied broadcast or banded over the crop row in combination with interrow cultivation for common cocklebur control in soybean. Bentazon at 0.6 kg ai ha-1 applied in a 38-cm-wide band over the soybean row followed by two cultivations controlled almost 90% of the common cocklebur when environmental conditions were favorable, and the majority of the common cocklebur emerged prior to bentazon application. However, when precipitation was below normal prior to bentazon application and a high proportion of the common cocklebur emerged after the initial bentazon application, sequential bentazon treatments controlled more common cocklebur and resulted in greater soybean yields than combinations of bentazon plus cultivation. Differences in soybean yield were attributed to differences in common cocklebur control rather than injury from cultivation or bentazon. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 447 EP 453 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800018 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG OUZTS, C HANKS, JE AF MCWHORTER, CG OUZTS, C HANKS, JE TI SPREAD OF WATER AND OIL DROPLETS ON JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) LEAVES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WAX CRYSTALS; ADJUVANT; PARAFFINIC OIL; CROP OIL CONCENTRATE; COC; METHYLATED OILS; SPREAD COEFFICIENTS; VEGETABLE OILS; SORHA ID PARAFFINIC OIL; LEAF SURFACES; HERBICIDES; WAX AB Comparative spread of droplets of several different oils and water with different adjuvants on leaf surfaces was investigated. Spread was better on the lower surface of johnsongrass leaves than on upper leaf surfaces with nine of 14 oils studied; two spread best on upper leaf surfaces, and three were equal in spread on both surfaces. Differences in spread coefficients did not appear to be directly related to surface tension, viscosity, or mid-boiling point of the oils. Soybean or cottonseed oils did not spread as well as petroleum oils but methylated soybean and sunflower oils had high spread coefficients on both upper and lower leaf surfaces. All but one petroleum-base oil spread three to four times better on leaf surfaces than on oil-sensitive paper. Water mixtures of an organosilicone surfactant spread much better on water-sensitive paper and on johnsongrass leaves than water with conventional adjuvants, but spread of paraffinic oils exceeded that of any water-adjuvant mixture. Spread coefficients of most petroleum-base oils were better on lower than upper leaf surfaces. Spread usually increased as the age of leaves increased from 14 to 56 d. Water droplets with adjuvant had at least an 86% weight loss after 6 min, but low volatile paraffinic oil droplets had little weight loss 2 d after application. C1 DELTA STATE UNIV,CTR ALLUVIAL PLAINS STUDIES,CLEVELAND,MS 38733. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APP TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 460 EP 467 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800020 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG AF MCWHORTER, CG TI EPICUTICULAR WAX ON JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) LEAVES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WAX CRYSTALS; WAX MORPHOLOGY; EPICUTICULAR WAX; SORHA ID WATER RELATIONS; LEAF WAX; PARAFFINIC OIL; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRANSPIRATION; GLAUCOUSNESS; HERBICIDES; SURFACES; ALFALFA; MAIZE AB Studies were conducted to investigate the uniformity of epicuticular wax deposition on leaf blades of johnsongrass. Johnsongrass leaves grown under drought stress had greatly increased epicuticular wax weights compared to leaves from plants with adequate moisture, but relative humidity (95% vs. 40 +/- 5%) had little effect on wax deposition. Wax weights decreased as leaves matured. Sections of lower leaf surfaces of young johnsongrass leaves tended to have more wax than sections of upper leaf surfaces, but weights were nearly equal on upper vs. lower leaf surfaces of older leaves. The narrow side of asymmetrical johnsongrass leaf blades often had more wax per unit area than the wide side. 'rhe area over the midvein contained more wax per unit area than either the narrow or wide side of the leaf blade. Greatest wax concentrations on individual leaves were over the midvein area near the leaf apex. Leaf blades of johnsongrass had more wax per unit area than leaves of corn or grain sorghum. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APP TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800022 ER PT J AU TRANEL, PJ GEALY, DR IRZYK, GP AF TRANEL, PJ GEALY, DR IRZYK, GP TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES OF DOWNY BROME (BROMUS-TECTORUM) ROOTS TO PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN D7 PHYTOTOXIN SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BIOHERBICIDE; LIPID SYNTHESIS; MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; BROTE ID GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; LIPID-SYNTHESIS; CORN ZEA; SYRINGOMYCIN; INHIBITION; ACID; DICLOFOP; PROTEIN; GROWTH; MAYS AB Effects of a crude preparation of a phytotoxin from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 (D7) on various physiological processes were evaluated in roots of downy brome seedlings. Cell division, respiration, and synthesis of protein, RNA, and DNA were not inhibited or only slightly inhibited under treatment conditions that caused substantial inhibition of root elongation. Significant inhibition of each of these processes was detected by known inhibitors included in each study to verify sensitivity of the procedures used. Disruption of lipid synthesis and membrane integrity by the crude phytotoxin preparation was significant and might account for inhibition of root elongation. Additional studies on these two possible target sites were conducted with partially purified phytotoxin. In intact roots, incorporation of [C-14]acetate and [C-14]malonic acid into lipophilic fractions was reduced by 50% or greater during a 1-h treatment with concentrations between 10 and 100 mug ml-1 of the partially purified phytotoxin preparation. In a membrane integrity study, a similar treatment increased radioactivity efflux 250% from seedlings preloaded with scyllo-[R-H-3]inositol. Additionally, disruption of lipid synthesis and membrane integrity by the partially purified phytotoxin was dose dependent. Collectively, these findings indicate that the D7 phytotoxin may inhibit downy brome root elongation through its effects on lipid synthesis and membrane integrity. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP TRANEL, PJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800023 ER PT J AU BOYETTE, CD QUIMBY, PC BRYSON, CT EGLEY, GH FULGHAM, FE AF BOYETTE, CD QUIMBY, PC BRYSON, CT EGLEY, GH FULGHAM, FE TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF HEMP SESBANIA (SESBANIA-EXALTATA) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS WITH COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM FORMULATED IN AN INVERT EMULSION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOHERBICIDAL POTENTIAL; BIOLOGICAL HERBICIDE; MYCOHERBICIDE; SEBEX ID MYCOHERBICIDE AB In greenhouse experiments, conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum applied in an invert emulsion formulation controlled hemp sesbania 100% in the absence of a dew treatment. In field experiments, hemp sesbania control averaged 95 and 97% in 1989 and 1990, respectively, when this formulation was applied to hemp sesbania seedlings using tractor-mounted, air-assist nozzles. This level of weed control was comparable to that achieved from the herbicide acifluorfen. These results indicate that C. truncatum has excellent potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling hemp sesbania and that this potential can be augmented by formulating the pathogen as an invert emulsion. C1 USDA ARS,S FIELD CROPS & MECH LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP BOYETTE, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MD608 UT WOS:A1993MD60800025 ER PT J AU ALM, DM STOLLER, EW WAX, LM AF ALM, DM STOLLER, EW WAX, LM TI AN INDEX MODEL FOR PREDICTING SEED-GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE RATES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WATER POTENTIAL; SEED; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL; TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION AB We present a germination and emergence model that can be used as a sub-model in an individual-based model of population dynamics. Seed germination and seedling elongation rates were measured in petri dishes in the laboratory for ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, corn, and soybean seeds, as functions of temperature and water potential. The analysis yielded a set of indices: the germination temperature index (GTI), the germination water index (GWI), the emergence temperature index (ETI), and the emergence water index (EWI). The seed populations were divided into 100 discrete cohorts, with each cohort (i), having its own germination rate (GR) as the product of a reference rate and the germination indices, or GR(i) = GR(i)REF x GTI x GWI. After germination, the emergence mte (ER) was the product of a reference rate and emergence indices, or ER(i) = ER(REF) x ETI x EWI. The model was tested against the timing of emergence in the field for seeds planted 1, 2, 4, and 8 cm deep in natural or rain-excluded environments. The predictions were more accurate for all depths combined than for any particular depth. RP ALM, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT UNIT,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 560 EP 569 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300002 ER PT J AU RICHARD, EP AF RICHARD, EP TI PREEMERGENCE HERBICIDE EFFECTS ON BERMUDAGRASS (CYNODON-DACTYLON) INTERFERENCE IN SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP HYBRIDS) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION; FENAC; METRIBUZIN; TERBACIL AB The effect of annual spring PRE applications of fenac, metribuzin, and terbacil on the competitiveness of sugarcane with bermudagrass during a 3-yr crop cycle was evaluated. For each herbicide treatment, bermudagrass was allowed to interfere with sugarcane during the growing season for 0, 1 (plant-cane crop only), 2 (plant-cane and first-ratoon crops), or 3 (plant-cane through second-ratoon crops) yr. Predicted total yields of cane from the three harvested crops was 3600 kg ha-1 higher on average in plots maintained free of bermudagrass and treated with metribuzin than where fenac and terbacil were applied. Bermudagrass biomass increased with each growing season. Greatest biomass production occurred in the fenac plots and the smallest in terbacil plots. Bermudagrass did not reduce the predicted total yields of cane where metribuzin or terbacil was applied. With fenac, predicted total cane yields were 4, 7, and 11% lower than the weed-free control where bermudagrass interference was allowed for 1, 2, and 3 yr, respectively. Season-long bermudagrass interference in the fenac plots reduced actual cane yields 10% (plant-cane crop), 6% (first-ratoon crop), and 14% (second-ratoon crop) when compared with plots maintained free of bermudagrass for the entire growing season. RP RICHARD, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 578 EP 584 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300005 ER PT J AU RICHARD, EP GRIFFIN, JL AF RICHARD, EP GRIFFIN, JL TI JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) CONTROL IN SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SP) WITH ASULAM APPLIED ALONE AND IN MIXTURES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POSTEMERGENCE; ANTAGONISM; SORHA; SACOF AB Asulam applied POST alone and in mixtures with residual herbicides and with DSMA and MSMA was evaluated for johnsongrass control. Johnsongrass control following treatment with asulam at 3.7 kg ai ha-1 was not improved by tank mixtures with the residual herbicides atrazine, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and terbacil compared with asulam applied alone. Johnsongrass injury symptoms appeared sooner when asulam was applied in mixtures with either DSMA or MSMA, but johnsongrass control 4 wk after treatment was similar to asulam applied alone. As a result of the johnsongrass control obtained with early POST treatments of asulam applied alone, cane and sugar yields were increased by 56 and 58%, respectively, when compared with the weedy check. Additional cane and sugar yield increases were not obtained by any of the asulam mixtures because johnsongrass control was not improved. Asulam applied again in May to johnsongrass regrowth improved late-season control in two of the three studies over a single early POST application, but cane and sugar yields were not increased. RP RICHARD, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300018 ER PT J AU OGG, AG AF OGG, AG TI CONTROL OF DOWNY BROME (BROMUS-TECTORUM) AND VOLUNTEER WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) IN FALLOW WITH TILLAGE AND PRONAMIDE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; NO-TILL; CHISEL; DISK; SKEWTREADER; POPULATION; DRY WEIGHT; TRIAS; BROTE AB Field studies were conducted in 1986-87 and 1988-89 to compare chiseling, disking, and skewtreading to no-till and to compare 0.3 and 0.4 kg ai ha-1 pronamide applied before or after fall tillages for weed control in fallow. Chiseling or disking in October 1986 when weeds were emerged reduced the dry weight of volunteer wheat about 90% the following spring; however, only disking reduced the dry weight of downy brome 90%. Disking or skewtreading in October 1988 before weeds germinated reduced the dry weight of volunteer wheat about 95% 6 mo later, but none of the three tillages reduced the dry weight of downy brome. Pronamide applied at 0.3 and 0.4 kg ha-1 to emerged downy brome and volunteer wheat with either chiseling or disking before or after herbicide application reduced the dry weight of both species 90% or more 6 mo later compared with tillage alone. If weeds did not emerge until early November, then only pronamide at 0.4 kg ha-1 applied in no-till or after fall tillage controlled both species at least 90%. RP OGG, AG (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,165 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300023 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL AF ANDERSON, RL TI CROP RESIDUE REDUCES JOINTED GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA) SEEDLING GROWTH SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; ETHIOZIN; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; N-IMMOBILIZATION; SMY-1500; AEGCY AB Producers need alternative methods to manage jointed goatgrass because there are no herbicides that selectively control jointed goatgrass in winter wheat. The effect of crop residue incorporated in soil on reducing seedling growth of jointed goatgrass was examined in the greenhouse. Residues of corn, proso millet, safflower, grain sorghum, and winter wheat reduced fresh weight of jointed goatgrass by 70 to 85%. Applying N fertilizer at 33 or 66 kg ha-1 diminished this effect, indicating that residue stimulated microbial immobilization of N. Ethiozin applied preemergence at 0.2 mug g-1 soil reduced jointed goatgrass seedling growth by 50%, but combining crop residue with ethiozin did not synergistically improve control of jointed goatgrass. These results suggest that producers may favor winter wheat growth over jointed goatgrass by incorporating crop residue in soil with tillage before planting and by banding N with winter wheat seed at planting. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 717 EP 722 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300027 ER PT J AU HARRISON, HF FERY, RL AF HARRISON, HF FERY, RL TI DIFFERENTIAL BENTAZON RESPONSE IN COWPEA (VIGNA-UNGUICULATA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE HERBICIDE TOLERANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The U. S. Plant Introduction Collection of cowpea germplasm and a collection of cowpea cultivars were evaluated for bentazon tolerance in the field. Most accessions were intermediate in bentazon tolerance; however, several highly tolerant and highly susceptible accessions were identified. Tolerant and susceptible selections from the field experiment were evaluated in greenhouse experiments. The most susceptible selections were killed or severely injured by bentazon at 2 kg ae ha-1; the most tolerant selections were not severely injured by bentazon at 16 kg ha-1. RP HARRISON, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 756 EP 758 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300034 ER PT J AU ROSENTHAL, SS COOMBS, EM HAGLAN, B PIPER, GL AF ROSENTHAL, SS COOMBS, EM HAGLAN, B PIPER, GL TI USE OF CRITICAL NONTARGET PLANTS BY THE RUSSIAN KNAPWEED NEMATODE, (SUBANGUINA-PICRIDIS) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB During field experiments the Russian knapweed nematode formed no galls on artichoke, one sterile gall on American basketflower, and few nematodes in numerous small galls on southwestern basket flower in comparison with much higher nematode production per gall on Russian knapweed. RP ROSENTHAL, SS (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND WEED LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300035 ER PT J AU STOLLER, EW WAX, LM ALM, DM AF STOLLER, EW WAX, LM ALM, DM TI SURVEY RESULTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL-ISSUES AND WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH PRIORITIES WITHIN THE CORN-BELT SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A survey determined the views of individuals in seven groups comprising the weed science community in the com belt (primarily in Illinois) for importance of 8 environmental and 14 crop production issues and 16 weed species in setting weed science research priorities for the next 3 to 5 yr. The survey also considered if funding of research to solve these environmental and production issues should be from the private or public sector. Velvetleaf, foxtail species, and common lambsquarters were considered the top three weed species by all respondents, and each of these weeds was among the five most important weeds within each of the seven survey groups. Improving ground and surface water quality were the foremost environmental issues for all respondents, but soybean growers listed herbicide carryover as their top environmental concern. Reducing herbicide residues in food and developing sustainable practices were given low preference by all groups. Sustainable growers rated reducing herbicide carryover and minimizing applicator exposure as their lowest priorities. Among all respondents, the top three production issues were improved weed control in conservation tillage, more economical weed control, and improved integrated control strategies. Studying the biology/life cycles of weeds was the third highest production priority of University and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) weed scientists, but was the last choice when averaged over the aggregate survey group. Developing strategies for resistant weeds and herbicide-resistant crops were chemical dealers top two priorities. Industry representatives gave the former subject their highest rating and the latter their lowest rating. Crop consultants seemed to want decision aids, as they chose assessing weed loss/thresholds and developing weed control/economic models among their top three production issues. Both com and soybean growers desired more economical weed control as a first choice, while sustainable growers wanted improved cultural control strategies. Com and soybean growers ranked developing new herbicides among their top three choices, but this issue was the lowest choice of the sustainable growers. University, USDA, and industrial weed scientists suggested that their own organizations conduct the research on their highest priorities issues. RP STOLLER, EW (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,1102 SO GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 763 EP 770 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300036 ER PT J AU ANTOGINI, J AF ANTOGINI, J TI WEED SCIENCE CHALLENGES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP ANTOGINI, J (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 787 EP 790 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF773 UT WOS:A1993MF77300040 ER PT J AU INOUE, M NORIMOTO, M TANAHASHI, M ROWELL, RM AF INOUE, M NORIMOTO, M TANAHASHI, M ROWELL, RM TI STEAM OR HEAT FIXATION OF COMPRESSED WOOD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPRESSED WOOD; STEAMING; HEATING; PERMANENT FIXATION; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AB Dimensional stability can be improved by either steaming or heating wood while the wood is in a compressed state. This study investigated the effect of steam or heat on fixation of compression set and the effect of these treatments on hardness, mechanical properties, and color of compressed and uncompressed wood specimens. To determine the effect of steaming before and after compression set, one group of wood specimens was steamed and then compressed, and another group was compressed and then steamed. Simple boiling and cyclic swelling tests were used to evaluate recovery of compression set. Hardness of compressed specimens was measured by the Brinell test. A two-point bending test on noncompressed specimens was used to calculate moduli of elasticity and rupture. A L-a-b color system was used to determine color changes. Compressed wood steamed for 1 min at 200 C or 8 min at 180 C showed no recovery of set, large increases in hardness, minimum decreases in mechanical properties, and slight darkening. We conclude that almost complete fixation of compression set in wood can be achieved by steaming compressed wood. C1 GIFU UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT APPL BIOCHEM,GIFU 50111,JAPAN. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP INOUE, M (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,WOOD RES INST,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. NR 14 TC 150 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 224 EP 235 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR089 UT WOS:A1993LR08900004 ER PT J AU ELLIS, WD AF ELLIS, WD TI PYROLYSIS, LEACH RESISTANCE, HYGROSCOPICITY, AND DECAY RESISTANCE OF WOOD TREATED WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ESTERS IN COMBINATION WITH ISOPHORONE DIISOCYANATE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLAME RETARDANT; FYROL-6; FYROL-51; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ESTERS; ISOPHORONE DIISOCYANATE; WOOD; HYGROSCOPICITY; DECAY RESISTANCE AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of a difunctional isocyanate to improve the performance Of organophosphorus flame retardants. Small southern pine specimens were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate in combination with two organophosphorus ester compounds. The resulting treatments were leach-resistant, not hygroscopic, and moderately decay-resistant, and had thermal degradation patterns like those of effective flame retardants. Pyrolysis of the treated specimens showed lower temperatures at the maximum rate of pyrolysis and greater amounts of residual char compared to untreated specimens. Treated specimens had 2% to 3% less equilibrium moisture content at 27 C and 80% relative humidity than did the untreated specimens. The most leach-resistant specimens lost less than 20% phosphorus during water extraction. This loss of phosphorus did not appreciably change the thermal degradation of the specimens. The treated specimens were more decay-resistant than the untreated ones. RP ELLIS, WD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR089 UT WOS:A1993LR08900005 ER PT J AU AKITSU, H NORIMOTO, M MOROOKA, T ROWELL, RM AF AKITSU, H NORIMOTO, M MOROOKA, T ROWELL, RM TI EFFECT OF HUMIDITY ON VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED WOOD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; DYNAMIC YOUNG MODULUS; INTERNAL FRICTION; MOISTURE; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ID MUSICAL-INSTRUMENTS AB Changes in vibrational properties of wood can be used to determine changes in the wood cell wall resulting from chemical modification. The dynamic Young's modulus to specific gravity ratio (E'/gamma) and internal friction (tan delta) for chemically modified wood compared to those for untreated wood showed major differences in cell-wall modification and lumen filling modification. Increasing the moisture content of the cell wall also has a major effect on the vibrational properties of chemically modified wood. In general, treatments that resulted in lowering the moisture content of the cell wall also lowered internal friction within the cell wall. Vapor phase reactions with formaldehyde had the greatest effect in stabilizing the cell wall against changes in dynamic mechanical properties with increasing moisture content. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP AKITSU, H (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,WOOD RES INST,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 250 EP 260 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR089 UT WOS:A1993LR08900007 ER PT J AU WINANDY, JE MORRELL, JJ AF WINANDY, JE MORRELL, JJ TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCIPIENT DECAY, STRENGTH, AND CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF DOUGLAS-FIR HEARTWOOD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DECAY; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; WOOD CHEMISTRY; BROWN ROT ID BROWN-ROT FUNGI; UNITED-STATES; WOOD; COMPONENTS; POLES AB A new laboratory technique to simulate the initiation of wood decay and to assess the effects of incipient decay on material properties is described. Douglas-fir heartwood specimens were exposed to brown-rot (Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum) fungi for various periods. Bending properties were determined by nondestructive and destructive tests, and chemical composition of specimens was analyzed. Weight losses of 1 to 18% were linearly related to strength losses of 5 to 70%. Wood strength loss by brown-rot fungi was also closely related to degradation of hemicellulose components. Hemicellulose sidechains, such as ambinose and plactose, were degraded in the earliest stages of decay; main-chain hemicellulose carbohydrates, such as mannose and xylose, were degraded in the later stages. Changes in glucose content, a measure of residual cellulose, were minimal. Our technique was effective for establishing and assessing brown-rot decay. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP WINANDY, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 26 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 278 EP 288 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LR089 UT WOS:A1993LR08900009 ER PT J AU GRENNES, T KRISSOFF, B AF GRENNES, T KRISSOFF, B TI AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN A NORTH-AMERICAN FREE-TRADE AGREEMENT SO WORLD ECONOMY LA English DT Article ID ECONOMY; MEXICO C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP GRENNES, T (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0378-5920 J9 WORLD ECON JI World Econ. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 483 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9701.1993.tb00183.x PG 20 WC Business, Finance; Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA LX673 UT WOS:A1993LX67300006 ER PT J AU GOGU, SR BLUMBERG, JB AF GOGU, SR BLUMBERG, JB TI VITAMIN-E INCREASES INTERLEUKIN-2 DEPENDENT CELLULAR GROWTH AND GLYCOPROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION IN MURINE CYTOTOXIC T-CELL LINE SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; IL-4 C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANTS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUN 30 PY 1993 VL 193 IS 3 BP 872 EP 877 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1706 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LJ912 UT WOS:A1993LJ91200010 PM 8323562 ER PT J AU TOROK, T ROCKHOLD, D KING, AD AF TOROK, T ROCKHOLD, D KING, AD TI USE OF ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPING AND DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION IN YEAST IDENTIFICATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ADVANCES IN METHODS FOR DETECTING, ENUMERATING AND IDENTIFYING YEASTS IN FOODS, AT THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON YEASTS ( 8TH ISY ) CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP INT COMMISS FOOD MYCOL, INT UNION MICROBIOL SOC, MYCOL DIV ID SACCHAROMYCES-SENSU STRICTO; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; KLUYVEROMYCES-MARXIANUS; STRAINS; RELATEDNESS; CHROMOSOMES; SEPARATION; MOLECULES AB Contour-clamped homogenous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis was used to separate intact, chromosome-size DNA of different species of Saccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces. Strains of the same Saccharomyces species had similar electrophoretic karyotypes. However, reproducible differences between individual bands indicated that strain-specific chromosome length polymorphism (CLP) is widely spread in these organisms. Strains of Zygosaccharomyces spp. showed karyotype differences beyond chromosome length polymorphism. A new, DNA-DNA hybridization technique was developed to test conspecificity, using individual chromosomes as templates to prepare randomly primed, radioactive probes. Under our conditions of stringency, species and chromosome-specific hybridization reactions were achieved with these probes. Using isolated chromosomes of Sacch. cerevisiae, Sacch. bayanus, and Zygosacch. rouxii as templates for probe preparation, conspecificity of strains was established, and closely related yeast species were distinguished with high reproducibility. This method is an efficient tool for studying genetic diversity of a given yeast species. Also, it can assist in yeast species identification and taxonomy. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN 25 PY 1993 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(93)90124-Y PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LL455 UT WOS:A1993LL45500007 PM 8357757 ER PT J AU DUDLEY, MA HACHEY, DL QUARONI, A HUTCHENS, TW NICHOLS, BL ROSENBERGER, J PERKINSON, JS COOK, G REEDS, PJ AF DUDLEY, MA HACHEY, DL QUARONI, A HUTCHENS, TW NICHOLS, BL ROSENBERGER, J PERKINSON, JS COOK, G REEDS, PJ TI INVIVO SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE AND LACTASE-PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE TURNOVER IN THE FED ADULT-RAT SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MICROVILLUS MEMBRANE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; BIOGENESIS; PRECURSOR AB We estimated in vivo turnover rates of sucrase-isomaltase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in adult rats. Fed animals received a primed continuous infusion of phenylalanine (300 muCi, 150 mumol Phe/100 g of body weight for 30 s, then 7.5 muCi, 3.75 mumol Phe/min for 10 to 140 min). Sucrase-isomaltase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase were immunoprecipitated from jejunal mucosal membranes; isoforms were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Endoglycosidase H digestions and (for lactase-phlorizin hydrolase) N-terminal amino acid sequencing were performed on all isoforms. Specific radioactivity of prosucrase-isomaltase and prolactase-phlorizin hydrolase isoforms reached isotopic equilibrium by 60 and 90 min, respectively. Specific radioactivity of brush border sucrase and lactase did not reach steady state. The isotope kinetic, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and endoglycosidase H digestion data suggested that one of the high molecular weight lactase isoforms is a dimer of mature lactase. Compartmental modeling of specific radioactivity demonstrated that mean intracellular residence time is 59 min for prosucrase-isomaltase isoforms and 68 min for prolactase-phlorizin hydrolase isoforms. Mean residence time in the brush border was 5.8 h for sucrase and 7.8 h for lactase. Fractional synthesis rates were 414%/day for sucrase and 307%/day for lactase. Thus, in vivo brush border sucrase and lactase turn over at similar rates in the adult rat. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DUDLEY, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 25 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 18 BP 13609 EP 13616 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LH553 UT WOS:A1993LH55300084 PM 8514793 ER PT J AU LU, Z KUTISH, GF SUSSMAN, MD ROCK, DL AF LU, Z KUTISH, GF SUSSMAN, MD ROCK, DL TI AN AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS GENE WITH A SIMILARITY TO EUKARYOTIC RNA-POLYMERASE SUBUNIT-6 SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, POB 848, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN 25 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2940 EP 2940 DI 10.1093/nar/21.12.2940 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LL721 UT WOS:A1993LL72100023 PM 8332503 ER PT J AU DISE, NB GORHAM, E VERRY, ES AF DISE, NB GORHAM, E VERRY, ES TI ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS CONTROLLING METHANE EMISSIONS FROM PEATLANDS IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RICE PADDIES; SWAMP; FLUX AB Controls on methane emission from peatlands in northern Minnesota were investigated by correlation to environmental variables and by field manipulation. From September 1988 through September 1990, methane flux measurements were made at weekly to monthly intervals at six sites in the Marcell Experimental Forest, northern Minnesota (two open bog sites, two forested bog sites, a poor fen, and a fen lagg). Flux was related to water table position and peat temperature with simple correlations at individual sites and multiple regression on all sites together. The effect of water table was also investigated experimentally in ''bog corrals'' (open-ended metal enclosures set in the peat) in which water table was artificially raised to the surface in the driest peatland. Temperature largely controlled variation in flux within individual ecosystems at Marcell, but hydrology distinguished between-site variation. Water table position, peat temperature, and degree of peat humification explained 91% of the variance in log CH4 flux, predicted annual methane emission from individual wetlands successfully, and predicted the change in flux due to the water table manipulation. Raising the water table in the bog corrals by an average of 6 cm in autumn 1989 and 10 cm in summer 1990 increased emission by 2.5x and 2.2x, respectively. Just as expanding the scale of investigation from a single habitat in a wetland to several wetlands necessitates incorporation of additional variables to explain flux (water table, peat characteristics), modeling flux from several wetland regions, if possible, will require the addition of climate parameters. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. RP DISE, NB (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & BEHAV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 30 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D6 BP 10583 EP 10594 DI 10.1029/93JD00160 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LJ840 UT WOS:A1993LJ84000021 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ KUNIYOSHI, H ROBERTS, VA HOLMAN, GM SUZUKI, A AF NACHMAN, RJ KUNIYOSHI, H ROBERTS, VA HOLMAN, GM SUZUKI, A TI ACTIVE CONFORMATION OF THE PYROKININ PBAN NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY FOR PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE SILKWORM SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BOMBYX-MORI; HORMONE; MOTH; SEQUENCE C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOLEC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. UNIV TOKYO, FAC AGR, DEPT AGR CHEM, BUNKYO KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLL STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 193 IS 2 BP 661 EP 666 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1675 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LG153 UT WOS:A1993LG15300029 PM 8512566 ER PT J AU QUARONI, A PAUL, ECA NICHOLS, BL AF QUARONI, A PAUL, ECA NICHOLS, BL TI INTRACELLULAR DEGRADATION AND REDUCED CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION OF SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE IN HEAT-SHOCKED CACO-2 CELLS SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BRUSH-BORDER HYDROLASES; VIRUS G-PROTEIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ENTEROCYTIC DIFFERENTIATION; DIPEPTIDYLPEPTIDASE-IV; ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BIOGENETIC PATHWAYS AB To investigate the role of post-translational events in intestinal cell differentiation we have studied the effects of heat shock on processing and cell surface delivery of sucrase-isomaltase (SI), dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) and aminopeptidase N (APN) in Caco-2 cells. In cells cultured at 42.5-degrees-C there was a rapid decline in sucrase activity, while DPPIV and APN were unaffected over a 3-day period. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the selective disappearance of SI from the surface membrane after only 1 day of culture at 42.5-degrees-C. Cell-surface biotinylation of cells metabolically labelled with [S-35]methionine 4 h after a switch from 37-degrees-C to 42.5-degrees-C demonstrated that newly synthesized APN and DPPIV were associated with the surface membrane, while SI was almost completely retained intracellularly. Pulse-chase experiments confirmed that, in these cells, DPPIV and APN were normally processed and vectorially delivered to the cell surface; in contrast, conversion between the two conformationally distinct high-mannose precursor forms of SI (hmp1 and hmP2) was markedly inhibited, a significant fraction of newly synthesized enzyme was degraded, probably in the ER, and an immature form of complex-glycosylated SI precursor (cP) was produced and mostly retained intracellularly. Double labelling of Caco-2 cells for SI and cathepsin D excluded an accumulation of SI in the lysosomes, suggesting that this organelle was not involved in the degradation of SI. These results indicate that the ER may play an important role in intestinal cell differentiation by regulating the conformational maturation, degradation and eventual cellular localization of some digestive enzymes. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP QUARONI, A (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DIV BIOL SCI,PHYSIOL SECT,724A VET RES TOWER,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-32656] NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 292 BP 725 EP 734 PN 3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LJ401 UT WOS:A1993LJ40100018 PM 8100414 ER PT J AU LEATHERS, TD AF LEATHERS, TD TI SUBSTRATE REGULATION AND SPECIFICITY OF AMYLASES FROM AUREOBASIDIUM STRAIN NRRL Y-12,974 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AUREOBASIDIUM; PULLULAN; AMYLASE ID PULLULAN; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Pullulan is an industrial biopolymer produced by the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium, usually by direct fermentation of starch. Despite evidence that autogenous amylases produced during these fermentations are detrimental to the final molecular mass of the product, fundamental studies of these enzymes have not been reported. Total extracellular amylases were studied from the promising production strain NRRL Y-12,974. Growth rates and yields were equivalent in cultures grown on glucose, maltose, soluble starch, or cornstarch. Total amylase levels were low and varied only three-fold, from 0.01 IU ml-1 in glucose-grown cultures to 0.03 IU ml-1 in soluble-starch-grown cultures. All cultures showed both alpha-amylase activity and activity against pullulan. Synthetic oligosaccharide substrates were apparently attacked by an alpha-glucosidase, produced in highest levels by maltose-grown cultures. RP LEATHERS, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 110 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06323.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ001 UT WOS:A1993LJ00100015 ER PT J AU HAMMEL, KE JENSEN, KA MOZUCH, MD LANDUCCI, LL TIEN, M PEASE, EA AF HAMMEL, KE JENSEN, KA MOZUCH, MD LANDUCCI, LL TIEN, M PEASE, EA TI LIGNINOLYSIS BY A PURIFIED LIGNIN PEROXIDASE SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; VERATRYL ALCOHOL; DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; MODEL-COMPOUND; FREE-RADICALS; STEADY-STATE; OXALIC-ACID AB The lignin peroxidases (LiPs) of white-rot basidiomycetes are generally thought to catalyze the oxidative cleavage of polymeric lignin in vivo. However, direct evidence for such a role has been lacking. In this investigation, C-14- and C-13-labeled synthetic lignins were oxidized with a purified isozyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium LiP. Gel permeation chromatography of the radiolabeled polymers showed that LiP catalyzed their cleavage to give soluble lower-M(r) products. To a lesser extent, the enzyme also polymerized the lignins to give soluble higher-M(r) products. This result is attributable to the fact that purified LiP, unlike the intact fungus, provides no mechanism for the removal of lignin fragments that are susceptible to repolymerization. LiP catalysis also gave small quantities of insoluble, perhaps polymerized, lignin, but in lower yield than intact P. chrysosporium does. C-13 NMR experiments with C-13-labeled polymer showed that LiP cleaved it between C(alpha) and C(beta) of the propyl side chain to give benzylic aldehydes at C(alpha), in agreement with the cleavage mechanism hypothesized earlier. The data show that LiP catalysis accounts adequately for the initial steps of ligninolysis by P. chrysosporium in vivo. C1 PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL, UNIV PK, PA 16802 USA. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 73 TC 185 Z9 191 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 17 BP 12274 EP 12281 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LG658 UT WOS:A1993LG65800011 PM 8509364 ER PT J AU REISHER, SR HUGHES, TE ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ FEINSTEIN, SI AF REISHER, SR HUGHES, TE ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ FEINSTEIN, SI TI INCREASED EXPRESSION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN GENES ACCOMPANIES DIFFERENTIATION IN THE INTESTINAL-CELL LINE CACO-2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE LIPOPROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ID A-I GENE; B MESSENGER-RNA; PROMOTER ELEMENTS; HUMAN-COLON; HUMAN-TISSUES; APOA-I; TRANSCRIPTION; ACID; HYDROLASES; SECRETION AB We have analyzed determinants of the synthesis and secretion of apolipoproteins including mRNA for apolipoproteins, in the human colon carcinoma cell fine Caco-2 during differentiation in continuous culture. Significant increases in both cellular and secreted apolipoprotein A-1 were observed early in the differentiation process. Increases in apolipoprotein B were limited to secreted protein and started later in the differentiation process. Levels of mRNA for apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV, B, C-III, and E increased significantly between the time cells reached confluence and 1 week postconfluence. The kinetics of mRNA accumulation were influenced by culture conditions. Nuclear extracts from postconfluent Caco-2 cells contained increased amounts of protein that bound to oligonucleotides containing the control regions of the apolipoprotein A-I and B genes. A competition experiment suggested that this protein recognized the control regions of both genes. We propose to name this protein DRIFT-1 (differentiation-related intestinal factor for transcription 1). C1 UNIV PENN,SCH MED,INST ENVIRONM MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP REISHER, SR (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35243] NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 12 BP 5757 EP 5761 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.12.5757 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LH129 UT WOS:A1993LH12900080 PM 8516325 ER PT J AU FOY, CD AF FOY, CD TI METAL TOXICITY REVIEW STIMULATES PLANT BREEDERS - A CITATION-CLASSIC COMMENTARY ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF METAL TOXICITY IN PLANTS BY FOY,C.D., CHANEY,R.L., WHITE,M.C. SO CURRENT CONTENTS/AGRICULTURE BIOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST ENVIRONM QUAL,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST SCI INFORM INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0090-0508 J9 CC/AGR BIOL ENVIRON PD JUN 14 PY 1993 IS 24 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LD652 UT WOS:A1993LD65200001 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA TI REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION; SENSITIVE ANALYSIS; SEPARATION; DERIVATIVES; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; DIACYLGLYCEROLS; QUANTITATION AB Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) behavior of fluorescent labeled phospholipids (PLs) was studied. Molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) derivatized with fluorescein-, thiocarbamoyl-, pyrenesulfonyl-, and dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonyl (dansyl)-fluorophores were separated on octadecylsilica with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-water in the presence of tetraalkylammonium phosphates (TAAPs). Under similar HPLC conditions, dansylated phosphatidylserines and PE plasmalogens (ether-linked PLs) were also resolved. Incorporation of the fluorescein moiety to the parent PE appeared to facilitate further resolution of its subcomponents. Subcomponents of dansylated PE derived from egg phosphatidylcholines were quantifiable. Effects of the type and concentration of TAAP on capacity factors of PL solutes were indicative of an ion-pair separation processes. HPLC with high-molecular-mass TAAPs favored the separation of the components that remained unresolved with mobile phases containing low-molecular-mass TAAPs. The HPLC-fluorescence detection method provided a useful approach to quantitative analyses of various PL structures. Compositions of PL subcomponents were determined directly from peak areas. RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 11 PY 1993 VL 639 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80252-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LH263 UT WOS:A1993LH26300009 ER PT J AU OHTA, H FONG, CH BERHOW, M HASEGAWA, S AF OHTA, H FONG, CH BERHOW, M HASEGAWA, S TI THIN-LAYER AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF LIMONOIDS AND LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN CITRUS SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB A routine method for the analysis of limonoids and limonoid glucosides in citrus seeds, which utilizes thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is described. Seed meals were washed with n-hexane to remove oily materials, after which limonoids and limonoid glucosides were extracted with acetone and then methanol. The methanol extract contains the remainder of the limonoid aglycones and all limonoid glucosides. After the methanol was evaporated off, the residue was extracted with methylene chloride-water (1:1). The limonoids of both the acetone and methylene chloride fractions were separated and quantified by HPLC. The total limonoid glucoside content of the water fraction was determined by silica gel TLC. Each of the limonoid glucosides was then eluted from the reversed-phase HPLC column by a linear gradient system starting at 15% acetonitrile in 3 mM phosphoric acid and ending with 26% acetonitrile after 35 min, and quantitated by spectrophotometric detection at 210 nm. The limonoid aglycones and limonoid glucosides in two kinds of citrus seeds, Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa) and Iyo (Citrus iyo), were determined. The content of limonoid glucosides in Shiikuwasha was found to be approximately two-fold higher than that of Iyo. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP OHTA, H (reprint author), MINIST AGR FORESTRY & FISHERIES,CHUGOKU NATL AGR EXPT STN,FUKUYAMA,HIROSHIMA 721,JAPAN. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 11 PY 1993 VL 639 IS 2 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80266-B PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LH263 UT WOS:A1993LH26300023 ER PT J AU FARRAR, CL AF FARRAR, CL TI PRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF HONEYBEE COLONIES .6. OF AN 8-PART SERIES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 133 IS 6 BP 407 EP 408 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LF303 UT WOS:A1993LF30300012 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM ANDERSON, GJ JANSEN, RK AF SPOONER, DM ANDERSON, GJ JANSEN, RK TI CHLOROPLAST DNA EVIDENCE FOR THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF TOMATOES, POTATOES, AND PEPINOS (SOLANACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC HYBRID PLANTS; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; GENUS LYCOPERSICON; GENETIC-VARIATION; SOLANUM; EVOLUTION; BEARING; HYBRIDIZATION AB We used chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis to test hypotheses of relationships of Solanum subgenus Potatoe(including potatoes and pepinos), two other Solanum, Cyphomandra (the tree tomatoes), and Lycopersicon (the tomatoes). Capsicum and Datura were used as outgroups. The results support two main clades among the taxa we studied: 1) Solanum subgenus Potatoe and Lycopersicon; and 2) other Solanum and Cyphomandra. Within the first clade, the following groups were supported: a) sect. Basarthrum and sect. Anarrhichomenum; b) sect. Etuberosum; c) sect. Petota; d) sect. Juglandifolium, including subsect. Lycopersicoides; and e) the genus Lycopersicon. These results, in combination with an analysis of morphological data, advocate the controversial, but previously suggested, treatment of Lycopersicon as congeneric with Solanum in subgenus Potatoe. Thus, the cultivated tomato will be recognized as Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum chmielewskii and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme are proposed as new combinations; Solanum neorickii is proposed as a new name for Lycopersicon parviflorum. Our data also suggest that Cyphomandra should be included within Solanum. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL U43,STORRS,CT 06269. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT BOT,AUSTIN,TX 78713. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS SCI,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011 NR 102 TC 167 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 9 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 80 IS 6 BP 676 EP 688 DI 10.2307/2445438 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH407 UT WOS:A1993LH40700010 ER PT J AU HEGSTED, DM AUSMAN, LM JOHNSON, JA DALLAL, GE AF HEGSTED, DM AUSMAN, LM JOHNSON, JA DALLAL, GE TI DIETARY-FAT AND SERUM-LIPIDS - AN EVALUATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL-DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; POLY-UNSATURATED FATS; PLASMA-LIPIDS; LINOLEIC-ACID; HEALTHY-MEN; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; NORMOLIPIDEMIC MEN; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; HDL-CHOLESTEROL AB Regression analysis of the combined published data on the effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol evaluated with groups of human subjects shows that 1) saturated fatty acids increase and are the primary determinants of serum cholesterol, 2) polyunsaturated fatty acids actively lower serum cholesterol, 3) mono-unsaturated fatty acids have no independent effect on serum cholesterol and, 4) dietary cholesterol increases serum cholesterol and must be considered when the effects of fatty acids are evaluated. More limited data on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) show that changes in LDL-C roughly parallel the changes in serum cholesterol but that changes in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol cannot be satisfactorily predicted from available data. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP HEGSTED, DM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE RES CTR,1 PINE HILL DR,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00168] NR 96 TC 351 Z9 360 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 875 EP 883 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LE346 UT WOS:A1993LE34600008 PM 8503356 ER PT J AU BRONNER, F ABRAMS, SA AF BRONNER, F ABRAMS, SA TI URINARY AND FECAL ENDOGENOUS CALCIUM EXCRETION IN THE AGE RANGE OF 5-15-YEARS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP BRONNER, F (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT BIOSTRUCT & FUNCT,FARMINGTON,CT 06030, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 944 EP 944 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LE346 UT WOS:A1993LE34600019 PM 8503366 ER PT J AU HUGHES, VA FIATARONE, MA FIELDING, RA KAHN, BB FERRARA, CM SHEPHERD, P FISHER, EC WOLFE, RR ELAHI, D EVANS, WJ AF HUGHES, VA FIATARONE, MA FIELDING, RA KAHN, BB FERRARA, CM SHEPHERD, P FISHER, EC WOLFE, RR ELAHI, D EVANS, WJ TI EXERCISE INCREASES MUSCLE GLUT-4 LEVELS AND INSULIN ACTION IN SUBJECTS WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLUCOSE CLAMP; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS; FAT DISTRIBUTION; AGING ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSPORT CAPACITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WHOLE-BODY; OBESITY; EXPRESSION; DISPOSAL; SENSITIVITY; RESISTANCE AB A decline in insulin sensitivity is associated with aging, inactivity, and obesity. The effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis independent of weight loss in older glucose-intolerant individuals are not well established. We examined the effects of exercise training on oral glucose tolerance, insulin action, and concentration of the GLUT-4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle. Exercise training at 50 and 75% of heart rate reserve was performed for 12 wk in 18 individuals (age = 64 +/- 2, body fat = 37.0 +/- 1.5%). Peripheral insulin action was determined 96 h after the last exercise bout using a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp (insulin = 192 and 708 pmol/l). Percent body fat and fat-free mass (FFM) were unchanged with training. Diet composition, assessed by diet record, did not change over the 12 wk. Improved oral glucose tolerance was observed, as exhibited by lower plasma glucose concentrations after training (P < 0.05), whereas plasma insulin response remained unchanged. The rate of glucose disposal was unchanged during the low insulin concentration but increased 11.0% at the high insulin concentration (P < 0.05) after training (54.4 +/- 4,4 vs. 60.4 +/- 5.5 mumol . kg FFM-1 . min-1). Skeletal muscle glycogen and GLUT-4 concentration increased 24 and 60%, respectively, with training. There was no direct relationship between the change in GLUT-4 protein and the change in glucose disposal rate. These findings demonstrate that chronic exercise training without changes in body composition improves peripheral insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The lack of a statistically significant correlation between the changes in GLUT-4 protein and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate suggests 1) that GLUT-4 levels may be related instead to changes in exercise-induced glucose disposal resulting from exercise training and 2) that the mechanisms responsible for the improvement in glucose homeostasis are multifactorial. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,SHRINERS BURNS INST,GALVESTON,TX 77550. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DIV ENDOCRINE,BOSTON,MA 02215. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DIV GERONTOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP HUGHES, VA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-08812, AG-00599]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-43051] NR 42 TC 214 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 264 IS 6 BP E855 EP E862 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA LL132 UT WOS:A1993LL13200035 PM 8333511 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC TURNBULL, AJ BOURCIER, M WOOD, RJ AF FLEET, JC TURNBULL, AJ BOURCIER, M WOOD, RJ TI VITAMIN-D-SENSITIVE AND QUINACRINE-SENSITIVE ZINC TRANSPORT IN HUMAN INTESTINAL-CELL LINE CACO-2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KINETICS; METALLOTHIONEIN; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; CYSTEINE-RICH INTESTINAL PROTEIN; LYSOSOME ID INDUCED METALLOTHIONEIN; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; BINDING PROTEIN; CHICK DUODENUM; RAT INTESTINE; MESSENGER-RNA; ABSORPTION; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB We studied the mechanism of transepithelial zinc (Zn) transport using monolayers of Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filter supports. Zn-65 transport could be fitted to a modified Michaelis-Menten equation, which includes a nonsaturable [linear diffusion constant of nonsaturable component (K(d)) = 0.08% . cm-2 . 90 min-1] and a saturable component [upper well Zn concentration at half J(max) (K(t)) = 226 muM and maximal rate of saturable Zn transport (J(max)) = 1.06 nmol . cm-2 . 90 min-1]. Caco-2 cells contained metal-inducible metallothionein (MT) protein and mRNA as well as mRNA for cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP). Cells pretreated with 10 nM 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] for 3 days transported more Zn (159%) than controls (0.48 +/- 0.02 nmol . cm-2 . 90 min-1) when each was incubated with 100 muM Zn for 90 min. This effect was significant after 24 h of 1alpha,25-OH)2D3 pretreatment and continued to increase up to 72 h, with concomitant increases in MT mRNA levels being observed (4-fold by 24 h, 10-fold by 72 h). MT protein levels were only modestly elevated by 72 h 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 treatment (from 0.32 +/- 0.04 to 0.45 +/- 0.03 nmol MT/mg protein). CRIP mRNA levels were reduced by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The lysosome-disrupting agent quinacrine (0.5 mM) inhibited basal Zn transport by 68%, suggesting the possible presence of a lysosome-mediated component for transepithelial Zn transport in Caco-2 cells. 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-stimulated Zn transport was not affected by quinacrine, suggesting that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced Zn transport is distinct from the putative lysosome-mediated Zn transport pathway. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,824 HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 264 IS 6 BP G1037 EP G1045 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA LL132 UT WOS:A1993LL13200060 ER PT J AU VADLAMUDI, RK MCCORMICK, RJ MEDEIROS, DM VOSSOUGHI, J FAILLA, ML AF VADLAMUDI, RK MCCORMICK, RJ MEDEIROS, DM VOSSOUGHI, J FAILLA, ML TI COPPER DEFICIENCY ALTERS COLLAGEN TYPES AND COVALENT CROSS-LINKING IN SWINE MYOCARDIUM AND CARDIAC VALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARDIAC MUSCLE; CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY; HEART VALVE ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LYSYL OXIDASE; III COLLAGEN; RAT-HEART; HYPERTROPHY; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; QUANTITATION; MYOFIBRILLAR; ACCUMULATION AB Dietary copper deficiency induces alterations of connective tissue metabolism that are associated with lesions in cardiovascular and other organ systems. To determine the impact of copper deficiency on characteristics of collagen in porcine myocardium and cardiac valves, weaned pigs were fed diets with adequate or deficient levels of copper. Although dietary copper did not affect the concentration of collagen in either myocardium or bicuspid valves, the degree of collagen cross-linking, as assessed by the level of hydroxylysylpyridinoline, was lower in both tissues of copper-deficient pigs. Proportions of type III collagen were increased in the left ventricle and bicuspid valves of copper-deficient pigs. Copper deficiency induced extensive remodeling, however, of the collagen fraction of cardiac interstitium. Reduction in left ventricular collagen cross-linking may provide the stimulus for the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which characterizes severe copper deficiency, by increasing the compliance of the ventricular wall. The shift in the phenotypic profile of collagen that is associated with this cardiac hypertrophy indicates synthesis of new collagen, which could affect collagen cross-linking irrespective of copper status. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,BOX 3684,LARAMIE,WY 82071. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD MANAGEMENT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV DIST COLUMBIA,INST ENGN RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 264 IS 6 BP H2154 EP H2161 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA LL133 UT WOS:A1993LL13300050 ER PT J AU HELGESON, JP HABERLACH, GT EHLENFELDT, MK HUNT, G POHLMAN, JD AUSTIN, S AF HELGESON, JP HABERLACH, GT EHLENFELDT, MK HUNT, G POHLMAN, JD AUSTIN, S TI SEXUAL PROGENY OF SOMATIC HYBRIDS BETWEEN POTATO AND SOLANUM-BREVIDENS - POTENTIAL FOR USE IN BREEDING PROGRAMS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DISEASE RESISTANCE; LATE BLIGHT; SOFT ROT; PROTOPLAST ID S-TUBEROSUM; PROTOPLAST FUSION; PLANTS; RESISTANCE AB Hexaploid somatic hybrids have been obtained by fusion of protoplasts from Solanum brevidens (PI 218228, 2x=2n=24) and S. tuberosum (PI 203900 or cv. Russet Burbank; 2x=4n=48). In the work reported here, pentaploid progeny derived from sexual crosses between the somatic hybrids and the potato cultivar, Katahdin were assessed for transfer of disease resistances and improvement of agronomic traits. Segregation was noted in disease resistances to race 0 of Phytophthora infestans and to tuber soft rot caused by Erwinia spp., indicating that sexual transfer of traits captured by protoplast fusion had occurred. The pentaploid progeny showed substantial variation in and often improvement of some agronomic traits as compared to the somatic hybrids. The results indicate that interspecific somatic hybridization can produce material with potential for use in a potato breeding program. RP HELGESON, JP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 437 EP 452 DI 10.1007/BF02849063 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LJ191 UT WOS:A1993LJ19100001 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE WESTERMANN, DT KINCAID, DC MCCANN, IR HALDERSON, JL THORNTON, M AF SOJKA, RE WESTERMANN, DT KINCAID, DC MCCANN, IR HALDERSON, JL THORNTON, M TI ZONE-SUBSOILING EFFECTS ON POTATO YIELD AND GRADE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; IRRIGATION; SOIL COMPACTION; RESERVOIR-TILLAGE ID IRRIGATION REGIME; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; SOIL AB Soil compaction and erosion are problems in many Pacific Northwestern potato fields. We wanted to determine if zone-subsoiling would reduce these problems and improve potato yields and or grade without adversely impacting other production practices. Studies were conducted in Southern Idaho at six locations over two years on different soils and with different irrigation methods to assess the effects of zone-subsoiling immediately after planting on tuber yield and grade. Reservoir-tillage comparisons were made at three locations where sprinkler water application rates were higher than soil infiltration rates. Russet Burbank was represented by eight location-years and Russet Norkotah by two. Zone-subsoiling consistently improved tuber grade or increased tuber size. The biggest improvement was under furrow irrigation. Zone-subsoiling also tended to increase total yield in eight of ten location-years. Reservoir-tillage improved yield and grade, but zone-subsoiling did not without reservoir-tillage when water application rates were high. At no location did zone-subsoiling significantly decrease tuber grade or yield. Zone-subsoiling had no appreciable effects on hill configuration or seed-piece dislocation. Surface cracking and ''water piping'' occurred under furrow irrigation but were not significant problems. Results were similar for both cultivars. Additional studies will be needed to successfully incorporate zone-subsoiling into commercial production practices. C1 UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. UNIV IDAHO,PARMA,ID. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793N-3600E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1007/BF02849066 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LJ191 UT WOS:A1993LJ19100004 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, S POHLMAN, JD BROWN, CR MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS DOUCHES, DS HELGESON, JP AF AUSTIN, S POHLMAN, JD BROWN, CR MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS DOUCHES, DS HELGESON, JP TI INTERSPECIFIC SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L AND S-BULBOCASTANUM DUN AS A MEANS OF TRANSFERRING NEMATODE RESISTANCE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PROTOPLAST FUSION; POTATO; PEST RESISTANCE; BREEDING; MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI ID MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI; POTATO; BREVIDENS; HYBRIDS; FUSION; PROTOPLASTS; PLANTS; TESTS AB Interspecific somatic hybrids were produced between tetraploid Solanum tuberosum and a nematode-resistant accession of the diploid species Solanum bulbocastanum by protoplast fusion. Hybrid cells were selected using dual fluorescent labeling of protoplast preparations prior to fusion. Hybridity of regenerated plants was confirmed with a combination of morphological assessment, chromosome counting and isozyme analysis. Somatic hybrids had the same level of resistance to infection by race 1 of the nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi as the S. bulbocastanum parent used in the fusion. Some of the somatic hybrids were fertile as females when crossed with tetraploid S. tuberosum breeding lines. Thus, these hybrids can be used in a potato improvement program to incorporate a valuable pest resistance. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,IAREC,PROSSER,WA 99350. MSU,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,PWR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP AUSTIN, S (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,1710 UNIV AVE,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 36 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 485 EP 495 DI 10.1007/BF02849067 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LJ191 UT WOS:A1993LJ19100005 ER PT J AU MARTINOCATT, SJ JONES, TL ORT, DR AF MARTINOCATT, SJ JONES, TL ORT, DR TI INVIVO PULSE LABELING OF PROTEINS IN ATTACHED LEAVES WITH RADIOACTIVE AMINO-ACIDS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,190 PABL,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 211 IS 2 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1006/abio.1993.1255 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LE087 UT WOS:A1993LE08700003 PM 7686352 ER PT J AU TISSOT, RG BEATTIE, CW AMOSS, MS WILLIAMS, JD SCHUMACHER, J AF TISSOT, RG BEATTIE, CW AMOSS, MS WILLIAMS, JD SCHUMACHER, J TI COMMON SWINE LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (SLA) HAPLOTYPES IN NIH AND SINCLAIR MINIATURE SWINE HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF AN INHERITED MELANOMA SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Note DE MELANOMA; MINIATURE SWINE; MODE OF INHERITANCE; SLA HAPLOTYPES ID CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; COMPLEX AB Mixed lymphocyte culture and serological typing of NIH and Sinclair miniature swine indicate that the two herds share a common SLA haplotype. NIH haplotype a (International Haplotype H10) appears identical to Sinclair haplotype B, which has significant effects on the penetrance of Sinclair swine cutaneous malignant melanoma (SSCM). Offspring of crosses between melanoma-bearing Sinclair swine homozygous for the B haplotype and non-melanoma NIH aa swine have tumour incidence identical to Sinclair melanoma BB x Sinclair non-melanoma BB offspring. Our results provide further support for the involvement of the swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) complex in the inheritance of SSCM, and identify a new source of non-tumour animals that have all of the genes for SSCM except those at the tumour-initiator locus. C1 USDA ARS, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, COLL VET MED, COLL STN, TX 77843 USA. RP TISSOT, RG (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT GENET, 808 S WOOD ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1PO1 CA49488-01A2] NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA LJ021 UT WOS:A1993LJ02100007 PM 8363104 ER PT J AU KRIKORIAN, AD IRIZARRY, H CRONAUERMITRA, SS RIVERA, E AF KRIKORIAN, AD IRIZARRY, H CRONAUERMITRA, SS RIVERA, E TI CLONAL FIDELITY AND VARIATION IN PLANTAIN (MUSA AAB) REGENERATED FROM VEGETATIVE STEM AND FLORAL AXIS TIPS IN-VITRO SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE MUSA; PLANTAINS; BANANAS; TISSUE CULTURE; CLONAL MULTIPLICATION; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; PHENOTYPE ID TISSUE-CULTURED BANANAS; IMPROVEMENT; CHIMERAS; GROWTH C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. RP KRIKORIAN, AD (reprint author), SUNY,DEPT BIOCHEM & CELL BIOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 62 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 519 EP 535 DI 10.1006/anbo.1993.1068 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK547 UT WOS:A1993LK54700006 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JB AF RUSSELL, JB TI EFFECT OF AMINO-ACIDS ON THE HEAT-PRODUCTION AND GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS - BALANCE OF ANABOLIC AND CATABOLIC RATES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS CULTURE; MAINTENANCE ENERGY; CHEMOSTAT CULTURE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; RUMEN; REASSESSMENT; BACTERIA; PROTEIN; YATP AB Streptococcus bovis JB1 grew nearly twice as fast (0.9 versus 1.6 h-1) and had a 40% greater growth yield (18 versus 12.5 mg of protein per mmol of glucose) when an ammonia-based medium was supplemented with amino acids, but the glucose consumption rate (88 mumol mg of protein-1 h-1) and specific rate of heat production (2.1 mW/mg of protein) were unaffected. Amino acid availability had little effect on the catabolic rate, but the specific heat decreased 40% (8.8 to 5.2 J/mg of protein). These growth rate-dependent changes in metabolic efficiency were fivefold greater than the maintenance energy. Chloramphenicol (100 mg/l), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, caused a gradual decrease in anabolic (growth) rate, but there was little change in the rate of glucose consumption and the specific heat increased. When growth was inhibited by iodoacetate, the catabolic and anabolic rates both declined and there was no increase in specific heat. On the basis of these results, the benefit of amino acid supplementation was largely explained by the balance of anabolic and catabolic rates. When amino acids were available, the anabolic and catabolic rates were more closely matched and less energy was spilled as heat. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RUSSELL, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1751 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LF171 UT WOS:A1993LF17100009 PM 8328799 ER PT J AU KINKLE, BK SADOWSKY, MJ SCHMIDT, EL KOSKINEN, WC AF KINKLE, BK SADOWSKY, MJ SCHMIDT, EL KOSKINEN, WC TI PLASMIDS PJP4 AND R68.45 CAN BE TRANSFERRED BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF BRADYRHIZOBIA IN NONSTERILE SOIL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONADS; NODULES; RHIZOSPHERE; STRAINS; DNA; RP4 AB IncP plasmid r68.45, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes, and IncP plasmid pJP4, which contains genes for mercury resistance and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation, were evaluated for their ability to transfer to soil populations of rhizobia. Transfer of r68.45 was detected in nonsterile soil by using Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 123 as the plasmid donor and several Bradyrhizobium sp. strains as recipients. Plasmid transfer frequencies ranged up to 9.1 x 10(-5) in soil amended with 0.1% soybean meal and were highest after 7 days with strain 3G4b4-RS as the recipient. Transconjugants were detected in 7 of 500 soybean nodules tested, but the absence of both parental strains in these nodules suggests that plasmid transfer had occurred in the soil, in the rhizosphere, or on the root surface. Transfer of degradative plasmid pJP4 was also evaluated in nonsterile soil by using B. japonicum USDA 438 as the plasmid donor and several Bradyrhizobium sp. strains as recipients. Plasmid pJP4 was transferred only when strains USDA 110-ARS and 3G4b4-RS were the recipients. The plasmid transfer frequency was highest for strain 3G4b4-RS (up to 7.4 x 10(-6)). Mercury additions to soil, ranging from 10 to 50 mug/g of soil, did not affect population levels of parental strains or the plasmid transfer frequency. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1762 EP 1766 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LF171 UT WOS:A1993LF17100012 PM 16348953 ER PT J AU DOSS, RP POTTER, SW CHASTAGNER, GA CHRISTIAN, JK AF DOSS, RP POTTER, SW CHASTAGNER, GA CHRISTIAN, JK TI ADHESION OF NONGERMINATED BOTRYTIS-CINEREA CONIDIA TO SEVERAL SUBSTRATA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; ATTACHMENT; SPORES; HYDROPHOBICITY; INFECTION; CUTICLE; FUNGUS; LECTIN; ACID AB Conidia of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea adhered to tomato cuticle and to certain other substrata immediately upon hydration. This immediate adhesion occurred with both living and nonliving conidia. Adhesion was not consistently influenced by several lectins, sugars, or salts or by protease treatment, but it was strongly inhibited by ionic or nonionic detergents. With glass and oxidized polyethylene, substrata whose surface hydrophobicities could be conveniently varied, there was a direct relationship between water contact angle and percent adhesion. Immediate adhesion did not involve specific conidial attachment structures, although the surfaces of attached conidia were altered by contact with a substratum. Freshly harvested conidia were very hydrophobic, with more than 97% partitioning into the organic layer when subjected to a phase distribution test. Percent adhesion of germinated conidia was larger than that of nongerminated conidia. Evidence suggests that immediate adhesion of conidia of B. cinerea depends, at least in part, on hydrophobic interactions between the conidia and substratum. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. RP DOSS, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES UNIT,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 35 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1786 EP 1791 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LF171 UT WOS:A1993LF17100016 PM 16348954 ER PT J AU RUTTIMANNJOHNSON, C SALAS, L VICUNA, R KIRK, TK AF RUTTIMANNJOHNSON, C SALAS, L VICUNA, R KIRK, TK TI EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-PRODUCTION AND SYNTHETIC LIGNIN MINERALIZATION BY CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; DEGRADING ENZYME; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; LACCASE; DEPOLYMERIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; PURIFICATION AB The ability of the white rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora to mineralize C-14-synthetic lignin was studied under different culture conditions, and the levels of two extracellular enzymes were monitored. The highest mineralization rates (28% after 28 days) were obtained in cultures containing a growth-limiting amount of nitrogen source (1.0 mM ammonium tartrate); under this condition, the levels of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase present in the culture supernatant solutions were very low compared with cultures containing 10 mM of the nitrogen source. In contrast, cultures containing a limiting concentration of the carbon source (0.1% glucose) showed low levels of both enzymes and also very low mineralization rates compared with cultures containing 1% glucose. Cultures containing 11 ppm of Mn(II) showed a higher rate of mineralization than those containing 0.3 or 40 ppm of this cation. Levels of MnP and laccase were higher when 40 ppm of Mn(II) was used. Mineralization rates were slightly higher in cultures flushed daily with oxygen, whereas laccase levels were lower and MnP levels were approximately the same as in cultures maintained under an air atmosphere. The presence of 0.4 mM veratryl alcohol reduced both mineralization rates and MnP levels, without affecting laccase levels. Lignin peroxidase activity was not detected under any condition. Addition of purified lignin peroxidase to the cultures in the presence or absence of veratryl alcohol did not enhance mineralization rates significantly. C1 US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 35 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1792 EP 1797 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LF171 UT WOS:A1993LF17100017 PM 16348955 ER PT J AU HUNTER, WJ AF HUNTER, WJ TI ETHYLENE PRODUCTION BY ROOT-NODULES AND EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ON NODULATION IN GLYCINE-MAX SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; INHIBITOR AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; MELILOTI; NITRATE; ASSAY AB Nodulated soybean roots produced more ethylene and contained more 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid than uninoculated roots. Nodules produced more ethylene and contained more 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid per gram of material than roots. Almost all of the ethylene produced by the nodules was produced by the plant fractions of the nodules. Ethylene, at physiological concentrations, did not inhibit nodulation in soybeans. RP HUNTER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1947 EP 1950 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LF171 UT WOS:A1993LF17100040 PM 16348969 ER PT J AU PATEL, RN GRABSKI, AC JEFFRIES, TW AF PATEL, RN GRABSKI, AC JEFFRIES, TW TI CHROMOPHORE RELEASE FROM KRAFT PULP BY PURIFIED STREPTOMYCES-ROSEISCLEROTICUS XYLANASES SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; LIVIDANS; ORIGIN; COLOR AB Treating kraft pulps with the crude xylanase from Streptomyces roseiscleroticus followed by alkali extraction reduces the kappa number in a linear manner with enzyme doses up to about 3 IU/gm of oven-dry pulp. The enzyme complex consists of four isoenzymes designated Xyl1, Xyl2, Xyl3 and Xyl4. Each can release chromophores when used alone and each can facilitate alkali extraction to reduce the kappa number, but their relative abilities are different. Of the four isozymes, Xyl4 releases the least color and 237-nm-absorbing material whereas Xy]3 releases the most. Xyl4 best enhances the ability of alkali to reduce the kappa number. The UV absorption spectrum of the material released by alkali extraction differs significantly from the spectral characteristics of that released during enzyme treatment. The alkali-solubilized material has a maximum absorptivity at 265 nm and relatively little absorptivity at 237 nm. The material released during enzyme treatment absorbs strongly at 205 and 237 nm. UV/VIS spectroscopy of the enzyme- or alkali-released material does not show a characteristic lignin peak at 280 nm, nor does it reveal any notable peaks in the visible region. Analysis of the material released by enzyme treatment revealed more than 40 product peaks after fractionation by reversed-phase HPLC. We observed many products with strong UV absorption. These were relatively hydrophilic. Fewer products absorbed in the visible region. These were more hydrophobic. All four isoenzymes exhibit endo-action patterns; none forms xylose from oat-spelt xylan. The action patterns fell into two groups: endo-1 enzymes (Xyl1 and Xyl3) formed xylotriose (X3) and other lower oligosaccharides as the predominant products; endo-2 enzymes (Xyl2 and Xyl4) formed roughly equimolar amounts of X3, xylotetraose (X4), and xylopentaose (X5), and tended to leave larger amounts of undigested higher oligosaccharides. C1 MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA,FAC SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,BARODA 390002,GUJARAT,INDIA. UNIV WISCONSIN,US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA,FAC SCI,CTR BIOTECHNOL,BARODA 390002,GUJARAT,INDIA. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 28 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LE981 UT WOS:A1993LE98100025 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD COOPER, CM KNIGHT, SS AF SHIELDS, FD COOPER, CM KNIGHT, SS TI INITIAL HABITAT RESPONSE TO INCISED CHANNEL REHABILITATION SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB 1. Incised stream channel aquatic habitats typically are severely degraded. After the primary knickpoints or knickzones have passed, base flows are limited to shallow channels flanked by sandy berms within the enlarged high-flow channel. Riparian vegetation, woody debris and pool habitat are in short supply, and stream systems become disengaged from their floodplains. 2. We hypothesized that habitat recovery might be accelerated in channels that have incised and are regaining equilibrium through deposition of sandy berms by placing rock spurs in the channel and by planting woody vegetation on the berms. On the basis of literature review and a pilot study, planting designs were developed for a large-scale field experiment: 2550 1.5 m long cuttings of native willow (Salix spp.) 2-25 cm in diameter were planted 1- 1.2 m deep along the base-flow channel of an incised stream. A ridge of stone was placed on the water side of the plantings, and 17 rock spurs were constructed by extending existing spur dikes from the opposite bank. 3. Woody cover along the treated bank increased from 38% to 66% of bankline after one growing season. Survival of individual plantings was reduced from an estimated 60% to an observed 34% by competition from the exotic kudzu vine, Pueraria lobata. Mean depth and mean scour hole depth, corrected for stage variation, increased 44% and 82%, respectively. Mean scour hole width increased 130%. The mean length of fish and the number of fish species approximately doubled, while the total weight of fish captured by a unit of sampling effort increased by an order of magnitude. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LL397 UT WOS:A1993LL39700003 ER PT J AU ELLERINE, NP HERRING, WJ ELSAS, LJ MCKEAN, MC KLEIN, PD DANNER, DJ AF ELLERINE, NP HERRING, WJ ELSAS, LJ MCKEAN, MC KLEIN, PD DANNER, DJ TI THIAMIN-RESPONSIVE MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE IN A PATIENT ANTIGENICALLY MISSING DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE ACYLTRANSFERASE SO BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE; MOLECULAR GENETIC-BASIS; ACID DEHYDROGENASE; MESSENGER-RNA; E2 GENE; COMPLEX; MUTATION; PYROPHOSPHATE; STABILIZATION; INSERTION C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GENET & MOLEC MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ELLERINE, NP (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MED GENET,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M 01 RR00039]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK38320] NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0885-4505 J9 BIOCHEM MED METAB B PD JUN PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1006/bmmb.1993.1037 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA LF802 UT WOS:A1993LF80200008 PM 8347380 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC HOLLENBECK, MD AF LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC HOLLENBECK, MD TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF DAMPING-OFF OF SNAPBEANS CAUSED BY SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII IN THE GREENHOUSE AND FIELD WITH FORMULATIONS OF GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; TRICHODERMA; BIOCONTROL; SOIL; TOMATO; BLIGHT C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOL CONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1017 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MF510 UT WOS:A1993MF51000004 ER PT J AU KEERTHISINGHE, DG FRENEY, JR MOSIER, AR AF KEERTHISINGHE, DG FRENEY, JR MOSIER, AR TI EFFECT OF WAX-COATED CALCIUM CARBIDE AND NITRAPYRIN ON NITROGEN LOSS AND METHANE EMISSION FROM DRY-SEEDED FLOODED RICE SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE NITRIFICATION; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; N-15 BALANCE; NITROUS OXIDE; GREENHOUSE GASES ID SOWN CALROSE RICE; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA; UREA APPLICATION; N-FERTILIZATION; OXIDE EMISSION; SOILS; NITRIFICATION; ACETYLENE; DENITRIFICATION AB The effectiveness of wax-coated calcium carbide (as a slow-release source of acetylene) and nitrapyrin in inhibiting nitrification and emission of the greenhouse gases N2O and CH4 was evaluated in a microplot study with dry-seeded flooded rice grown on a grey clay near Griffith, NSW, Australia. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of N levels with nitrification inhibitors (control, wax-coated calcium carbide, and nitrapyrin). The rate of nitrification was slowed considerably by the addition of wax-coated calcium carbide, but it was inhibited only slightly by the addition of nitrapyrin. As a result, the emission of N2O was markedly reduced by the application of wax-coated calcium carbide, whereas there was no significant difference in rates of N2O emission between the control and nitrapyrin treatments. Both nitrification inhibitors significantly reduced CH4 emission, but the lowest emission rates were observed in the wax-coated calcium carbide treatment. At the end of the experiment 84% of the applied N was recovered from the wax-coated calcium carbide treatment compared with approximately 43% for the nitrapyrin and control treatments. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP KEERTHISINGHE, DG (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GPO BOX 1600,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Freney, John/E-9462-2011; OI Freney, John/0000-0001-7545-6529 NR 42 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1007/BF00336519 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LL520 UT WOS:A1993LL52000014 ER PT J AU GREGOIRE, TG VALENTINE, HT FURNIVAL, GM AF GREGOIRE, TG VALENTINE, HT FURNIVAL, GM TI ESTIMATION OF BOLE SURFACE-AREA AND BARK VOLUME WITH MONTE-CARLO METHODS SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ANTITHETIC VARIATES; CONTROL VARIATES; CORRELATED SAMPLING; FORESTRY APPLICATIONS; IMPORTANCE SAMPLING ID BOOTSTRAP; BIOMASS AB Many attributes of forest trees can be regarded as integrals of some continuous-dimensional characteristic, and thus their estimation is amenable to variance reduction sampling strategies that have been devised and developed in the simulation field. For the estimation of tree characteristics, these methods provide alternatives to the usual estimation by a fitted regression, and in addition, they provide a flexibility to estimate the integral between any two heights on the tree bole. The application of these methods to the estimation of bole surface area and bark volume is explained, and practical aspects of implementation are discussed. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP GREGOIRE, TG (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.2307/2532579 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA LN254 UT WOS:A1993LN25400033 ER PT J AU NAGAHASHI, G DONER, L ABNEY, G TSAO, A AF NAGAHASHI, G DONER, L ABNEY, G TSAO, A TI THE LOW-TEMPERATURE, RAPID DISSOLUTION OF GELLAN AWAY FROM ROOT CULTURES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A buffer system consisting of 50 mM Tris-HCl-TRIZMA base plus 10 mM EDTA was used to rapidly dissolve gellan gels used for maintaining transformed carrot root cultures. The optimum conditions of pH 7.5 in the presence of 10 mM EDTA for dissolving gellan were first worked out on a model test system containing 0.4% gellan, 0.025% MgSO4.7H2O, and blue dye. The conditions were then tested on gellan gels (0.2% gellan plus nutrients) containing carrot roots. This gel dissolution system was rapid (18 to 20 min), did not require beating, and could also be efficiently performed at 4-degrees-C. Furthermore, the buffer system used for gel dissolution is a standard one used for plant cell fractionation studies. RP NAGAHASHI, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 6 BP 467 EP 472 DI 10.1007/BF00155482 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LH631 UT WOS:A1993LH63100013 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR ADAMS, DA GERKEN, LL BECKMAN, MJ RIMLER, RB AF ACKERMANN, MR ADAMS, DA GERKEN, LL BECKMAN, MJ RIMLER, RB TI PURIFIED PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA PROTEIN TOXIN REDUCES ACID PHOSPHATASE-POSITIVE OSTEOCLASTS IN THE VENTRAL NASAL CONCHA OF GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ATROPHIC RHINITIS; DERMONECROTIC TOXIN; TARTRATE-RESISTANT ACID PHOSPHATASE ID BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; ATROPHIC RHINITIS; BONE; SWINE AB To study the in vivo response of conchal (turbinate) osteoclasts to Pasteurella multocida toxin, four gnotobiotic pigs (7 days of age) were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.2 mug/kg of purified toxin. One toxin-treated pig along with one control pig were necropsied at 2, 5, 9, and 14 days postinoculation. The entire length of nasal concha from the nasal planum to ethmoid region was removed, blocked by transverse cuts into five areas, decalcified, sectioned, and then stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to identify osteoclasts. In each section, total area of concha, total osteoclast cytoplasmic area, and number of osteoclasts were determined using an image analysis morphometric unit. Also collected from pigs were blood and serum for complete blood counts, electrolyte levels, liver enzymes, and TRAP levels. Conchal atrophy increased in severity with time after 2 days postinoculation. In general, the ventral conchae from toxin-treated pigs at 9 and 14 days postinoculation had decreased surface area, osteoclast cytoplasmic area, and numbers of osteoclasts. Serum levels of TRAP were mildly elevated when compared with age-matched controls. No other significant alterations in blood cells or chemistries occurred and no lesions were present histologically in tissues (liver, kidney, lung, heart, and spleen) other than concha. This study shows that the P. multocida toxin induces rapid bone resorption and increases serum levels of acid phosphatase but leads to diminished acid phosphatase expression and presumably, numbers of osteoclasts. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT,AMES,IA 50010. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATROPH RHINITIS PROJECT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 52 IS 6 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1007/BF00571336 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LE594 UT WOS:A1993LE59400011 PM 8369994 ER PT J AU FEDERER, CA TURCOTTE, DE SMITH, CT AF FEDERER, CA TURCOTTE, DE SMITH, CT TI THE ORGANIC FRACTION - BULK-DENSITY RELATIONSHIP AND THE EXPRESSION OF NUTRIENT CONTENT IN FOREST SOILS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND; MATTER; CARBON; FLOOR AB Bulk density of forest soils from nine locations in New England was closely and inversely related to the organic fraction of the soil. Measured data over the whole range of organic fractions followed the theoretical relationship D(b) = D(bm)D(bo)/[F(o)D(bm) + (1 - F(o))D(bo)] where D(b) is the bulk density (Mg/m3), F(o) is the organic fraction (kg(o)/kg), D(bo) is the bulk density when F(o) = 1, and D(bm) is the bulk density when F(o) = 0. The relation arises from assuming that (i) D(bo), the bulk density of ''pure'' organic matter, and D(bm), the bulk density of ''pure'' mineral matter, are constant and (ii) in a mixture, the volumes occupied by the organic mass and the mineral mass are additive. For forest soils on coarse-textured till in New England, D(bo) = 0.11 Mg/m3 and D(bm) varied from 1.45 Mg/M3 for sandy loams to 2.19 Mg/M3 for silt loams. When these parameters are known, D(b) can be estimated from F(o), which is more easily measured. When F(o) is greater than 0.1 kg(o)/kg, the organic mass per unit soil volume (F(o)D(b)), or organic density, is approximately constant at 0.1 Mg(o)/m3. For many nutrients, separate evaluation of the organic density and the amount of nutrient per unit organic mass may facilitate intersite comparisons for studies of nutrient availability and leaching. C1 USDI,BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,CRAIG,CO 81625. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP FEDERER, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 22 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1026 EP 1032 DI 10.1139/x93-131 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LT793 UT WOS:A1993LT79300002 ER PT J AU MCNAB, WH AF MCNAB, WH TI A TOPOGRAPHIC INDEX TO QUANTIFY THE EFFECT OF MESOSCALE LANDFORM ON SITE PRODUCTIVITY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; LEAF AB Landform is related to environmental factors that affect site productivity in mountainous areas. I devised a simple index of landform and tested this index as a predictor of site index in the Blue Ridge physiographic province. The landform index is the mean of eight slope gradients from plot center to skyline. A preliminary test indicated that the index was significantly associated with slope position and three classes of landform (ridge, slope, and cove). In a test with data from four locations, site index of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) was significantly correlated with landform index for each location (r = 0.45-0.65). Landform index and two other topographic variables together accounted for 31 percent of the variation in yellow-poplar site index throughout the Blue Ridge province. Landform index is a conveniently measured site variable that may be useful in various forestry-related applications, including multivariate analysis of the distribution and composition of forest vegetation. RP MCNAB, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 33 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1139/x93-140 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LT793 UT WOS:A1993LT79300011 ER PT J AU SIMCOX, KD PEDERSEN, WL NICKRENT, DL AF SIMCOX, KD PEDERSEN, WL NICKRENT, DL TI ISOZYME DIVERSITY IN SETOSPHAERIA-TURCICA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate isozyme diversity among isolates of races 0, 1, and 23 of Setosphaeria turcica collected from the United States Com Belt region. Isozyme polymorphisms were detected in crude mycelial extracts for aspartate aminotransferase, fumarase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase. Eight distinct electrophoretic phenotypes were identified and unique electrophoretic phenotypes were observed for each of the S. turcica races. The majority of race 0 isolates were genetically similar and clustered into a single electrophoretic phenotype regardless of location and year of collection. Race 1 isolates grouped into four different electrophoretic phenotypes with the majority of isolates clustering within a single electrophoretic phenotype. All race 23 isolates could be distinguished by a diagnostic aspartate aminotransferase isozyme polymorphism. Cluster analysis suggests that race 1 is genetically more similar to race 0 than to race 23. Several examples of an association of geographical location and an unique isozyme polymorphism were noted. Two electrophoretic phenotypes, identified by a distinctive fumarase isozyme polymorphism, were found only in race 1 isolates obtained from three adjacent counties in the state of Indiana. Similarly, a single electrophoretic phenotype was associated with race 0 isolates that were collected from adjacent counties in the state of Illinois. The magnitude of isozyme polymorphism in S. turcica will allow analyses of population diversity and provide neutral genetic markers to further study the genetic mechanisms of virulence in this pathogen. RP SIMCOX, KD (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,OARDC,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH ON N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ575 UT WOS:A1993LZ57500005 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA NATER, EA AF LAIRD, DA NATER, EA TI NATURE OF THE ILLITIC PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH RANDOMLY INTERSTRATIFIED SMECTITE ILLITE IN SOILS SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELEMENTARY PARTICLE; HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ILLITE; INTERSTRATIFIED; SMECTITE; SMECTITE ILLITE ID FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES; CLAYS AB A dispersion-centrifugation-decantation procedure was used to isolate various particle size fractions from a sample of clay (<2 mum fraction) separated by sedimentation from the Ap horizon of a Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). The 0.02-0.06 mum size fraction was found to be enriched in an illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite. X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed that most of the illitic material in the 0.02-0.06 mum size fraction was composed of two-layer elementary illite particles with a layer charge of -0.47 per formula unit. The results demonstrate that this low-charge illitic phase can be physically separated from soil materials and that the low-charge illitic phase has chemical, morphological, and mineralogical properties that are uniquely different from those of smectite and illite. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP LAIRD, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410302 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA MC293 UT WOS:A1993MC29300002 ER PT J AU LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL AMRHEIN, C STRONG, JE AF LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL AMRHEIN, C STRONG, JE TI SIZE OF MICA DOMAINS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ADSORBED NA-CA IONS SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; MICA DOMAINS; PHOTON CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; SOIL CLAYS AB Mica domains have received less attention in the literature than smectite quasi-crystals. This study was conducted to determine whether mica crystals form domains in suspension, the conditions in which those domains exist, and the distribution of adsorbed Na and Ca ions in the domains. Particle size distributions and electrophoretic mobilities (EM) of Silver Hill illite in suspension densities of 0.5 g liter-1 were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Solutions at salt concentration from 2 to 10 mmol(c) liter-1, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 0 to infinity (mmol liter-1)0.5, and pH values 5, 7, and 9 were used to prepare the clay suspensions. The particle size of Silver Hill illite suspensions showed a bimodal distribution. Through PCS measurements at low angles, the second peak of the bimodal distribution of the illite was found to be associated with the rotational movement of the b-dimension of the particles. Illite domains broke down in the range of SAR 10 to 15 (mmol liter-1)0.5 equivalent to exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) of 13 to 18. Illite thus demonstrates a similar stability to smectites that require ESP almost-equal-to 15 to disaggregate quasi-crystals. The EM of the illite particles increased drastically when the SAR increased from 2 to 10 (mmol liter-1)0.5. This increase in EM could not be explained exclusively by the change in the particle size. Cation demixing is required to explain the increase of the zeta potential at the shear plane. The EM of the Silver Hill illite was doubled when the pH increased from 5 to 9 at SAR > 15, but no pH effect was found when SAR < 15. The effect of pH on the EM at SAR values > 15 can be understood if we consider that at SAR > 15 most of the particles are single platelets. The relative importance of variable charge on single platelets or crystals is apparently greater than on domains because the pH affected the mobility of the individual crystals but not the mobility of the domains. The combination of particle size distribution and EM data gives additional information about the zero point of charge of the variable charge, also called point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of the clay. For Silver Hill illite, we estimate a PZNPC value between 5 and 7. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. RP USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, 4500 GLENWOOD DR, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501 USA. RI lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410315 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA MC293 UT WOS:A1993MC29300015 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA MILNE, DB AF JACOB, RA MILNE, DB TI BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF VITAMINS AND TRACE-METALS SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 371 EP 385 PG 15 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LG217 UT WOS:A1993LG21700005 PM 8319425 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE STAINES, CL AF BOLDT, PE STAINES, CL TI BIOLOGY AND DESCRIPTION OF IMMATURE STAGES OF PENTISPA-SUTURALIS (BALY) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON BACCHARIS-BIGELOVII (ASTERACEAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The chrysomelid Pentispa suturalis (Baly) feeds on leaves of Baccharis bigelovii Gray (Asteraceae) in Arizona. There is one generation per year. Adults emerge from soil debris in April and feed for about a month before mating. Eggs are laid within the leaf tissue and are covered with fecal material. Most are laid in the tip of the leaf and 93.6% are found on the lower side. Larvae are present from July to September; they feed in blotch-type mines and each consumes one to three leaves. Teneral adults emerge in September and feed before overwintering in leaf debris below the plant. Taxonomic descriptions of third-instar larva and pupa and a key to aid larval identification are given. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LT364 UT WOS:A1993LT36400017 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, GW TSITSATZARDIS, E WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK CHITWOOD, DJ HARRISON, D AF PATTERSON, GW TSITSATZARDIS, E WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK CHITWOOD, DJ HARRISON, D TI STEROLS OF TETRASELMIS (PRASINOPHYCEAE) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MARINE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOSYNTHESIS; TAXONOMY; OYSTERS; DIATOMS; GROWTH AB 1. Sterols were identified from 11 isolates of Tetraselmis, a unicellular Prasinophyte alp used frequently as food in mariculture. 2. The principal sterol in eight isolates was either 24-methylenecholesterol or 24-methylcholesterol; the latter was determined to be campesterol in all cases. 3. Campesterol is the first 24alpha sterol to be reported in the Prasinophyceae. 4. In the remaining three isolates, cholesterol was the principal sterol with smaller amounts of 24-methylenecholesterol and campesterol present; in two of these strains total sterol approached 3% of dry weight. 5. This is the first report of cholesterol as the principal sterol of a Prasinophyte; the C28 sterols found in Tetraselmis are the dominant sterols in most Prasinophyceae studied to date. C1 LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PHARM,ATHENS,GREECE. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD,CT 06460. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 105 IS 2 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90225-T PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LG478 UT WOS:A1993LG47800005 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ LOFTIS, DL AF ELLIOTT, KJ LOFTIS, DL TI VEGETATION DIVERSITY AFTER LOGGING IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07020219-3.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE125 UT WOS:A1993LE12500005 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, FR AF THOMPSON, FR TI SIMULATED RESPONSES OF A FOREST-INTERIOR BIRD POPULATION TO FOREST MANAGEMENT OPTIONS IN CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB I used estimates of carrying capacity, survival, fecundity, and edge effects to simulate the responses of a forest-interior bird population to selection cutting, clearcutting, and no timber harvest I also modeled population sensitivity to changes infecundity, survival, K, and edge relationships. Because model parameters are based on scant data, results should be regarded as hypotheses to be further investigated or measures of the relative impact or sensitivity (given model assumptions). Simulated population size was greater with no timber harvest than with clearcutting and greater with clearcutting than with group selection when edge effects were included in the model. Without edge effects, population levels were only slightly lower under group selection than under no timber harvest, and greater than clearcutting. Edge effects bad only a small impact on population levels under clearcutting. Clearcut size did not have much effect on population levels, but longer and shorter rotation ages resulted in higher and lower population levels, respectively. The model was very sensitive to declines in mean fecundity and survival, suggesting that factors affecting mean demographic rates could be more important than local edge effects. Some methods of timber harvest may be compatible with the conservation of forest- interior birds, but better demographic data and information on habitat suitability of selectively cut forests and young even-aged stands is needed to adequately evaluate management options. RP THOMPSON, FR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, 1-26 AGR BLDG, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07020325.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE125 UT WOS:A1993LE12500022 ER PT J AU TOBIN, ME KOEHLER, AE SUGIHARA, RT UEUNTEN, GR YAMAGUCHI, AM AF TOBIN, ME KOEHLER, AE SUGIHARA, RT UEUNTEN, GR YAMAGUCHI, AM TI EFFECTS OF TRAPPING ON RAT-POPULATIONS AND SUBSEQUENT DAMAGE AND YIELDS OF MACADAMIA NUTS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE MACADAMIA NUT; DAMAGE; YIELD; RODENT CONTROL; RATTUS SPP ID BIRDS AB During the 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 crop cycles, the effects of snap trapping on rat populations in a macadamia orchard and subsequent damage and yields of nuts were evaluated. During 1990-1991, 1681 roof rats (Rattus rattus), 22 Polynesian rats (R. exulans), and one Norway rat (R. norvegicus) were captured; 360 rats of undetermined species were captured during 1991-1992. Cumulative rat damage for the entire season varied from 0.36 to 1.34% of total annual production in the trapped sections, and from 1.71 to 3.62% of total annual production in the reference sections. However, trapping had no effect on yields: the number of nuts, mass per nut and the total mass of undamaged nuts did not differ between the trapped and reference sections. The results suggest the need to examine crop yield more closely in assessing methods for managing rodent infestations in macadamia orchards. The commonly used indices based on rodent activity and proportion of nuts damaged may overestimate the impact of rodent depredations and exaggerate the effectiveness of control measures in macadamia orchards. A large incidental take of birds points to the need for more selective techniques before trapping is utilized as a damage control measure in Hawaiian macadamia orchards. C1 MAUNA LOA MACADAMIA NUT CORP,HILO,HI 96720. RP TOBIN, ME (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90041-G PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LF564 UT WOS:A1993LF56400001 ER PT J AU RAFTERY, K SHAREFKIN, J LIMANNI, A SALOMON, RN AF RAFTERY, K SHAREFKIN, J LIMANNI, A SALOMON, RN TI CONSTRUCTION OF OVERLAPPING OLIGONUCLEOTIDE TEMPLATES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CRNA STANDARDS FOR QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVERLAPPING OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; CRNA STANDARDS; QUANTITATIVE PCR ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; FACTOR-A CHAIN; GROWTH-FACTOR; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DNA AB The reverse transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for the study of gene expression that requires far less RNA for analysis than Northern blots. The inclusion of cRNA standards in the initial reverse transcription step is a way to control for the tube-to-tube variation often inherent in the technique and to permit quantitation of the starting amount of the native mRNA being analyzed. We describe a method using overlapping oligonucleotides to produce templates for the production of cRNA standards for up to three different mRNA species. The first step is the synthesis of a pair of overlapping oligonucleotides each of which encodes, respectively, sequences analogous to either sense or antisense primers for the PCR amplification of up to three different messages. These oligonucleotides are designed to have complementary 3' ends which permit spontaneous annealing and allow subsequent mutually priming extension of the annealed double-stranded portion by T7 DNA polymerase. The T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase promoters are then added to the ends of the template using standard PCR techniques. Once the template is assembled, T7 and SP6 RNA polymerases are used to produce copious quantities of cRNA standards and controls. This technique can be used to construct multiple cRNA standards for essentially any messages of interest. Production of cRNA by a single T7 RNA polymerase reaction yields standards sufficient for several thousand separate reverse transcriptions. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOL RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20814. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R04-HL-40680] NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1052-9551 J9 DIAGN MOL PATHOL JI Diagn. Mol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 2 IS 2 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1097/00019606-199306000-00009 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology GA MC151 UT WOS:A1993MC15100009 PM 8269276 ER PT J AU CHEN, JQ FRANKLIN, JF SPIES, TA AF CHEN, JQ FRANKLIN, JF SPIES, TA TI AN EMPIRICAL-MODEL FOR PREDICTING DIURNAL AIR-TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS FROM EDGE INTO OLD-GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COMMUNITIES AB Edge - the boundary line between clearcut and adjacent old-growth forest - is one of the critical landscape elements in the highly fragmented forest landscapes of North America's Pacific Northwest. Ecological phenomena at edges may be better understood by examining the physical environments near the edge. To further this objective diurnal air temperature gradients were measured along 16 gradients from the edge into the interior old-growth Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] forest over the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons and analyzed effects of edge orientation (relation of edge-facing to the azimuth) and macroclimate (local weather conditions of the clearcut) on these gradients were also explored through regression analysis. The air temperature gradient was expressed with a simple exponential equation involving three intermediate variables of interest: air temperature in the interior forest (TEMPIF), difference in air temperature between the edge and inside the forest (DELTAAT), and changing ratio of temperature along the gradient (SLOPE). Linear or nonlinear regression equations were developed to predict TEMPIF, DELTAAT, and SLOPE. Correlation analysis always preceded regression analysis, in which the relationships between the regression parameters and independent variables representing edge orientation and macroclimate were further explored. A computer model developed from the final empirical relationships successfully predicted air temperature gradients, circumventing the need for time-consuming field measurements with expensive meteorological instruments, and generated new information about the influences of edge orientation and macroclimate on air temperatures. TEMPIF, DELTAAT, and SLOPE were shown to be highly sensitive to the dependent variables. Although model application should be limited to edges created by recent (10- to 15-year-old) clearcuts adjoining old-growth Douglas-fir forest, the modeling approach could be applied to edges with different characteristics by modifying the relationships. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CHEN, JQ (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 2-4 BP 179 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90004-C PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LH239 UT WOS:A1993LH23900004 ER PT J AU BEERWINKLE, KR SHAVER, TN LOPEZ, JD AF BEERWINKLE, KR SHAVER, TN LOPEZ, JD TI FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF ADULT EMERGENCE AND FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON DALLISGRASS ERGOT HONEYDEW SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DALLISGRASS ERGOT; FEEDING ATTRACTANT; HELICOVERPA-ZEA AB Timing and magnitude of com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), emergence was measured in a com, Zea mays (L.), field near College Station, TX. Approximately 15,500 H. zea per hectare were produced, with 85% of the moths emerging in a 10-d interval. Feeding H. zea moths were observed to be highly attracted to honeydew exudates of egrot, Claviceps paspali (F. L. Stevens & J. G. Hall) on infected florets of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum (Poir.) in an adjacent pasture. Moths began feeding on the ergot at dusk. Feeding densities increased rapidly to peak at <1 h after sunset and then declined to relatively low levels by 2 h after sunset. Dissection analyses of sampled females showed that 95% were unmated, indicating that the characteristic age of the feeding moths was less-than-or-equal-to 1 d. RP BEERWINKLE, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ROUTE 5,BOX 808,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 554 EP 558 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC543 UT WOS:A1993MC54300007 ER PT J AU ELSEY, KD AF ELSEY, KD TI COLD TOLERANCE OF THE SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEZARA-VIRIDULA; COLD TOLERANCE; OVERWINTERING AB Diapausing and nondiapausing adults of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), had supercooling points in the range from - 10.4 to - 11.7-degrees-C. Lethal exposure times of adult stink bug are given for - 5.0, - 7.5, and - 10.0-degrees-C. No difference in cold tolerance was found between diapausing and nondiapausing stink bugs. Overwintering survival of confined adults at Charleston, SC, was high or 0 depending on severity of low temperatures. RP ELSEY, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNITED STATES VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC543 UT WOS:A1993MC54300009 ER PT J AU SMITH, L AF SMITH, L TI EFFECT OF HUMIDITY ON LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) PARASITIZING MAIZE WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) LARVAE IN SHELLED CORN SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARASITOID; LIFE HISTORY; RELATIVE HUMIDITY ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; STORED CORN; TEMPERATURE; LONGEVITY; STORAGE; EULOPHIDAE; MORTALITY; INSECTS; KERNELS; CEREAL AB Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was reared at constant humidities of 75,56, and 43% RH at 30-degrees-C (14.6,12.8 and 11.6% grain moisture content) and a 12:12 (L:D) h photoperiod. Hosts were medium to large larvae of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, reared on com. Daily fecundity, sex ratio, adult survivorship, and development time were measured to calculate net reproductive rate (R(o)), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)), and female adult life expectancy. Development time decreased slightly, but significantly, as humidity increased (from 11.45 +/- 0.03 [SE] to 11.91 +/- 0.04 d for females and from 10.71 +/- 0.04 to 11.13 +/- 0.05 d for males). Intrinsic rate of increase tended to increase (from 0.200 +/- 0.006 to 0.223 +/- 0.006) with humidity (from 11.6 to 14.6% moisture content). RP SMITH, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC543 UT WOS:A1993MC54300017 ER PT J AU LANCE, DR AF LANCE, DR TI EFFECTS OF A NONPHEROMONAL ATTRACTANT ON MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; ATTRACTANT ID ROOTWORM BEETLES COLEOPTERA; 8-METHYL-2-DECYL PROPANOATE; TOXIC BAIT; CORN; ANALOGS AB Responses of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte to a nonpheromonal attractant (4-methoxycinnamaldehyde) were monitored in commercial fields of maize, Zea mays L. Plots (16 by 16 m) were treated with 4, 16, or 64 cotton dental rolls (wicks) that each contained 2.5, 10, or 40 mg of attractant or with 252 wicks at 2.5 mg each. Counts of D. v. virgifera on maize plants in plots were not significantly affected by any of the treatments, but unbaited yellow sticky panels in plots with 64 wicks at 40 mg each captured significantly (four times) more females than those in untreated plots. Ratios of beetles captured on sticky traps baited with attractant to those on unbaited traps were not affected significantly by the amount of attractant per wick but declined from almost-equal-to 8:1 in plots with four wicks to 2:1 in plots with 64 or 252 wicks. A similar trend was observed using traps constructed from medicine vials that were or were not baited with 1.0 mg of 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde. In another study, beetles were marked and released 20 m away from either of two rows of maize that had been treated with 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde at 75 mg/m; capture in unbaited sticky traps that surrounded each release site provided no evidence that beetles were attracted toward treated rows. The attractant also did not appear to influence orientation of beetles that were observed taking flight from tops of posts 3 or 20 m from the treated rows. Given the results of these and earlier studies, nonpheromonal attractants may be of limited value in semiochemical-based broadcast baits for management of D. v. virgifera in maize. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 654 EP 662 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC543 UT WOS:A1993MC54300022 ER PT J AU CANNON, WN AF CANNON, WN TI GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION OF NORTHERN RED OAK AND WHITE OAK FOLIAGE EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID-RAIN AND OZONE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GROWTH; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION ID DISPAR L LEPIDOPTERA; SUGAR MAPLE; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; THROUGHFALL; RESISTANCE; NITROGEN; PLANTS; LOOPER AB Two-year-old seedlings of white oak, Quercus alba L., and red oak, Q. rubra L., were exposed to ozone (O3) fumigations in four continuously stirred tank reactor chambers in the greenhouse for 8 h/d, 3 d/wk for 6 wk. Fumigation treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CFA) and CFA + 0.15 ppm O3. Two simulated rain treatments, pH 4.2 and pH 3.0, of almost-equal-to 1.25 cm were applied once each week in rain-simulation chambers. Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), third instars were allowed to feed on leaf disks from treated seedlings for 24 h. Leaf area consumed, food assimilated, weight gain, and relative growth rate (RGR) were examined. Overall, larvae fed white oak foliage consumed more foliage and gained more weight than those fed red oak foliage. Response to the fumigation and rain treatments was different for each oak species. On white oak foliage, larvae consumed significantly less foliage treated with CFA + pH 3.0 rain, but the lowest RGR occurred with the 0.15 ppm O3 + pH 4.2 rain treatment. The most food assimilated, greatest weight gain, and highest RGR occurred with the CFA + pH 4.2 rain control. Red oak foliage consumed was equivalent for all treatments, but foliage exposed to CFA + pH 3.0 rain resulted in more food assimilated, greater weight gain, and higher RGR for that species. RP CANNON, WN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 669 EP 673 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC543 UT WOS:A1993MC54300024 ER PT J AU YAAR, M GILANI, A DIBENEDETTO, PJ HARKNESS, DD GILCHREST, BA AF YAAR, M GILANI, A DIBENEDETTO, PJ HARKNESS, DD GILCHREST, BA TI GENE MODULATION ACCOMPANYING DIFFERENTIATION OF NORMAL VERSUS MALIGNANT KERATINOCYTES SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; C-MYC; RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INTERLEUKIN 1-BETA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FACTOR BINDING; MESSENGER-RNA; FOS GENE C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP YAAR, M (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL J500,80 E CONCORD ST,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. NR 61 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 206 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1006/excr.1993.1143 PG 9 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA LE020 UT WOS:A1993LE02000008 PM 8500546 ER PT J AU COOK, CG ELZIK, KM AF COOK, CG ELZIK, KM TI FRUITING AND LINT YIELD OF COTTON CULTIVARS UNDER IRRIGATED AND NONIRRIGATED CONDITIONS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE STATUS; WATER-STRESS; PLANT AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the United States often is located in semi-arid, nonirrigated regions where poorly distributed or insufficient rainfall limits yields. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate six cotton cultivars for flower and boll production, lint yield, and earliness under nonirrigated (dryland) and irrigated treatments, and to determine the effect of water stress on the measured traits. In addition, two commercially available cultivars, which represented the near-extreme range for lint production in the nonirrigated treatment were evaluated for water use efficiency (WUE) in a greenhouse experiment. Cultivars included in the studies were: 'Tamcot CD3H' (CD3H), 'Tamcot SP37H' (SP37H), TX-CABUCS-2-1-83 (CABUCS), TX-MACAOS-3-84 (MACAOS), ' Deltapine 41' (DPL41), and 'Paymaster 303' (PAY303). Cultivars differed significantly for flower and boll production, lint yield, and earliness in crop maturity. CD3H and CABUCS produced significantly greater nonirrigated lint yields (290 and 276 kg ha-1, respectively) compared to SP37H, MACAOS, and PAY303 (211, 206, and 196 kg ha-1, respectively). Nonirrigated yield results indicated differences between CABUCS and CD3H compared to PAY303 could be related to the lack of flower production by PAY303 under soil water deficits, as well as possible escape mechanisms associated with earliness in crop maturity. Average lint yield under irrigation was 310% greater than nonirrigated yield. A greenhouse experiment indicated that CD3H, a relatively drought-tolerant cultivar, had a greater WUE in the nonstress treatment than PAY303, a drought susceptible cultivar. Results demonstrated that genetic variability exists among currently available cotton germplasm sources for flower and boll production, lint yield, earliness and water use efficiency. Among cultivars evaluated in this study, flowering potential appeared to have a major role in drought tolerance. Identification of germplasm with increased drought tolerance could provide breeders with valuable genetic traits and mechanisms for increasing lint yield in areas subject to soil water deficits. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP COOK, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90162-G PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LH141 UT WOS:A1993LH14100005 ER EF