/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.fs;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.nio.file.FileStore;
import java.nio.file.Files;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.ExitCodeException;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.ShellCommandExecutor;

import org.apache.hadoop.classification.VisibleForTesting;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import static java.nio.file.Files.createLink;

/**
 * Class for creating hardlinks.
 * Supports Unix/Linux, Windows via winutils , and Mac OS X.
 * 
 * The HardLink class was formerly a static inner class of FSUtil,
 * and the methods provided were blatantly non-thread-safe.
 * To enable volume-parallel Update snapshots, we now provide static 
 * threadsafe methods that allocate new buffer string arrays
 * upon each call.  We also provide an API to hardlink all files in a
 * directory with a single command, which is up to 128 times more 
 * efficient - and minimizes the impact of the extra buffer creations.
 */
public class HardLink { 

  private static HardLinkCommandGetter getHardLinkCommand;
  
  public final LinkStats linkStats; //not static

  static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HardLink.class);

  private static final String FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIEW = "unix";
  private static final String FILE_ATTRIBUTE = "unix:nlink";
  
  //initialize the command "getters" statically, so can use their 
  //methods without instantiating the HardLink object
  static { 
    if (Shell.WINDOWS) {
      // Windows
      getHardLinkCommand = new HardLinkCGWin();
    } else {
      // Unix or Linux
      getHardLinkCommand = new HardLinkCGUnix();
      //override getLinkCountCommand for the particular Unix variant
      //Linux is already set as the default - {"stat","-c%h", null}
      if (Shell.MAC || Shell.FREEBSD) {
        String[] linkCountCmdTemplate = {"/usr/bin/stat","-f%l", null};
        HardLinkCGUnix.setLinkCountCmdTemplate(linkCountCmdTemplate);
      } else if (Shell.SOLARIS) {
        String[] linkCountCmdTemplate = {"ls","-l", null};
        HardLinkCGUnix.setLinkCountCmdTemplate(linkCountCmdTemplate);        
      }
    }
  }

  public HardLink() {
    linkStats = new LinkStats();
  }
  
  /**
   * This abstract class bridges the OS-dependent implementations of the 
   * needed functionality for querying link counts.
   * The particular implementation class is chosen during 
   * static initialization phase of the HardLink class.
   * The "getter" methods construct shell command strings.
   */
  private static abstract class HardLinkCommandGetter {
    /**
     * Get the command string to query the hardlink count of a file
     */
    abstract String[] linkCount(File file) throws IOException;
  }
  
  /**
   * Implementation of HardLinkCommandGetter class for Unix
   */
  private static class HardLinkCGUnix extends HardLinkCommandGetter {
    private static String[] getLinkCountCommand = {"stat","-c%h", null};
    private static synchronized 
    void setLinkCountCmdTemplate(String[] template) {
      //May update this for specific unix variants, 
      //after static initialization phase
      getLinkCountCommand = template;
    }

    /*
     * @see org.apache.hadoop.fs.HardLink.HardLinkCommandGetter#linkCount(java.io.File)
     */
    @Override
    String[] linkCount(File file) 
    throws IOException {
      String[] buf = new String[getLinkCountCommand.length];
      System.arraycopy(getLinkCountCommand, 0, buf, 0, 
                       getLinkCountCommand.length);
      buf[getLinkCountCommand.length - 1] = FileUtil.makeShellPath(file, true);
      return buf;
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Implementation of HardLinkCommandGetter class for Windows
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  static class HardLinkCGWin extends HardLinkCommandGetter {

    /**
     * Build the windows link command. This must not
     * use an exception-raising reference to WINUTILS, as
     * some tests examine the command.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    static String[] getLinkCountCommand = {
        Shell.WINUTILS, "hardlink", "stat", null};

    /*
     * @see org.apache.hadoop.fs.HardLink.HardLinkCommandGetter#linkCount(java.io.File)
     */
    @Override
    String[] linkCount(File file) throws IOException {
      // trigger the check for winutils
      Shell.getWinUtilsFile();
      String[] buf = new String[getLinkCountCommand.length];
      System.arraycopy(getLinkCountCommand, 0, buf, 0, 
                       getLinkCountCommand.length);
      buf[getLinkCountCommand.length - 1] = file.getCanonicalPath();
      return buf;
    }
  }

  /*
   * ****************************************************
   * Complexity is above.  User-visible functionality is below
   * ****************************************************
   */

  /**
   * Creates a hardlink.
   * @param file - existing source file
   * @param linkName - desired target link file
   * @throws IOException raised on errors performing I/O.
   */
  public static void createHardLink(File file, File linkName)
      throws IOException {
    if (file == null) {
      throw new IOException(
          "invalid arguments to createHardLink: source file is null");
    }
    if (linkName == null) {
      throw new IOException(
          "invalid arguments to createHardLink: link name is null");
    }
    createLink(linkName.toPath(), file.toPath());
  }

  /**
   * Creates hardlinks from multiple existing files within one parent
   * directory, into one target directory.
   * @param parentDir - directory containing source files
   * @param fileBaseNames - list of path-less file names, as returned by 
   *                        parentDir.list()
   * @param linkDir - where the hardlinks should be put. It must already exist.
   * @throws IOException raised on errors performing I/O.
   */
  public static void createHardLinkMult(File parentDir, String[] fileBaseNames,
      File linkDir) throws IOException {
    if (parentDir == null) {
      throw new IOException(
          "invalid arguments to createHardLinkMult: parent directory is null");
    }
    if (linkDir == null) {
      throw new IOException(
          "invalid arguments to createHardLinkMult: link directory is null");
    }
    if (fileBaseNames == null) {
      throw new IOException(
          "invalid arguments to createHardLinkMult: "
          + "filename list can be empty but not null");
    }
    if (!linkDir.exists()) {
      throw new FileNotFoundException(linkDir + " not found.");
    }
    for (String name : fileBaseNames) {
      createLink(linkDir.toPath().resolve(name),
                 parentDir.toPath().resolve(name));
    }
  }

    /**
     * Determines whether the system supports hardlinks.
     * @param f - file to examine
     * @return true if hardlinks are supported, false otherwise
     */
  public static boolean supportsHardLink(File f) {
    try {
      FileStore store = Files.getFileStore(f.toPath());
      return store.supportsFileAttributeView(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIEW);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("Failed to determine if hardlink is supported", e);
      return false;
    }
  }

   /**
   * Retrieves the number of links to the specified file.
    *
    * @param fileName file name.
    * @throws IOException raised on errors performing I/O.
    * @return link count.
   */
  public static int getLinkCount(File fileName) throws IOException {
    if (fileName == null) {
      throw new IOException(
          "invalid argument to getLinkCount: file name is null");
    }
    if (!fileName.exists()) {
      throw new FileNotFoundException(fileName + " not found.");
    }

    if (supportsHardLink(fileName)) {
      return (int) Files.getAttribute(fileName.toPath(), FILE_ATTRIBUTE);
    }

    // construct and execute shell command
    String[] cmd = getHardLinkCommand.linkCount(fileName);
    String inpMsg = null;
    String errMsg = null;
    int exitValue = -1;
    BufferedReader in = null;

    ShellCommandExecutor shexec = new ShellCommandExecutor(cmd);
    try {
      shexec.execute();
      in = new BufferedReader(new StringReader(shexec.getOutput()));
      inpMsg = in.readLine();
      exitValue = shexec.getExitCode();
      if (inpMsg == null || exitValue != 0) {
        throw createIOException(fileName, inpMsg, errMsg, exitValue, null);
      }
      if (Shell.SOLARIS) {
        String[] result = inpMsg.split("\\s+");
        return Integer.parseInt(result[1]);
      } else {
        return Integer.parseInt(inpMsg);
      }
    } catch (ExitCodeException e) {
      inpMsg = shexec.getOutput();
      errMsg = e.getMessage();
      exitValue = e.getExitCode();
      throw createIOException(fileName, inpMsg, errMsg, exitValue, e);
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      throw createIOException(fileName, inpMsg, errMsg, exitValue, e);
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream(in);
    }
  }
  
  /* Create an IOException for failing to get link count. */
  private static IOException createIOException(File f, String message,
      String error, int exitvalue, Exception cause) {

    final String s = "Failed to get link count on file " + f
        + ": message=" + message
        + "; error=" + error
        + "; exit value=" + exitvalue;
    return (cause == null) ? new IOException(s) : new IOException(s, cause);
  }
  
  
  /**
   * HardLink statistics counters and methods.
   * Not multi-thread safe, obviously.
   * Init is called during HardLink instantiation, above.
   * 
   * These are intended for use by knowledgeable clients, not internally, 
   * because many of the internal methods are static and can't update these
   * per-instance counters.
   */
  public static class LinkStats {
    public int countDirs = 0; 
    public int countSingleLinks = 0; 
    public int countMultLinks = 0; 
    public int countFilesMultLinks = 0; 
    public int countEmptyDirs = 0; 
    public int countPhysicalFileCopies = 0;
  
    public void clear() {
      countDirs = 0; 
      countSingleLinks = 0; 
      countMultLinks = 0; 
      countFilesMultLinks = 0; 
      countEmptyDirs = 0; 
      countPhysicalFileCopies = 0;
    }
    
    public String report() {
      return "HardLinkStats: " + countDirs + " Directories, including " 
      + countEmptyDirs + " Empty Directories, " 
      + countSingleLinks 
      + " single Link operations, " + countMultLinks 
      + " multi-Link operations, linking " + countFilesMultLinks 
      + " files, total " + (countSingleLinks + countFilesMultLinks) 
      + " linkable files.  Also physically copied " 
      + countPhysicalFileCopies + " other files.";
    }
  }
}

