# Visualization of ColocBoost Results

This vignette demonstrates how to visualize and interpret the output of ColocBoost results.

    library(colocboost)

Causal variants (simulated)

The dataset features two causal variants with indices 194 and 589.

- Causal variant 194 is associated with traits 1, 2, 3, and 4.
- Causal variant 589 is associated with traits 2, 3, and 5.

    # Loading the Dataset
    data(Ind_5traits)
    # Run colocboost
    res <- colocboost(X = Ind_5traits$X, Y = Ind_5traits$Y)
    #> Validating input data.
    #> Starting gradient boosting algorithm.
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 4 converged after 40 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 5 converged after 59 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 1 converged after 61 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 3 converged after 91 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 2 converged after 94 iterations!
    #> Performing inference on colocalization events.
    #> Extracting colocalization results with pvalue_cutoff = 0.001, cos_npc_cutoff = 0.2, and npc_outcome_cutoff = 0.2.
    #> Keep only CoS with cos_npc >= 0.2. For each CoS, keep the outcomes configurations that pvalue of variants for the outcome < 0.001 and npc_outcome >0.2.

## 1. Default plot function

The default plot of the colocboost results provides a visual representation of the colocalization events.

- The x-axis indicates the indices of variants, and the y-axis indicates the -log10(p-value) from marginal associations.
- The colors of the points represent the colocalization events, with different colors indicating different colocalization events.

    colocboost_plot(res)

Parameters to adjust plot

- `plot_cols = 2` (default) indicates the number of columns in the plot.
- `y = "log10p"` (default) with optional
  - `y = "z_original"` for z-scores
  - `y = "vcp"` for variant colocalization probabilities (single plot for all variants),
  - `y = "coef"` for regression coefficients estimated from the ColocBoost model.
  - `y = "cos_vcp"` for variant colocalization probabilities (multiple plots for each CoS - only draw VCP for variants in CoS to the colocalized traits).
- `plot_cos_idx = NULL` (default) indicates all colocalization events are plotted. `plot_cos_idx = 1` can be specified to plot the 1st colocalization event, and so on.
- `outcome_idx = NULL` (default) indicates only the traits with colocalization are plotted. `outcome_idx = c(1,2,5)` can be specified to plot the traits 1, 2, and 5.
- `plot_all_outcome = FALSE` (default) indicates only the traits with colocalization are plotted. If `TRUE`, it will plot all traits.
- `cos_color = NULL` (default) indicates the colors of the colocalization events. Specify a vector of colors to customize the plot.

## 2. Advanced options

There are several advanced options available for customizing the plot by deepening the visualization of the colocboost results.

### 2.1. Plot with a zoom-in region

You can specify a zoom-in region by providing a `grange` argument, which is a vector indicating the indices of the region to be zoomed in.

    colocboost_plot(res, grange = c(1:400), outcome_idx = c(1:4))

### 2.2. Plot with marked top variants

You can highlight the top variants in the plot by setting `show_top_variables = TRUE`. This will add a red circle to top variants with highest VCP for each CoS.

    colocboost_plot(res, show_top_variables = TRUE)

### 2.3. Plot CoS variants to uncolocalized traits to diagnostic the colocalization.

There are three options available for plotting the CoS variants to uncolocalized traits:

- `show_cos_to_uncoloc = FALSE` (default), if `TRUE` will plot all CoS variants to all uncolocalized traits.
- `show_cos_to_uncoloc_idx = NULL` (default), if specified, will plot the specified CoS variants to all uncolocalized traits.
- `show_cos_to_uncoloc_outcome = NULL` (default), if specified, will plot the all CoS variants to the specified uncolocalized traits.

    colocboost_plot(res, show_cos_to_uncoloc = TRUE)
    #> Show all CoSs to uncolocalized outcomes.

### 2.4. Plot with added highlight points

You can highlight specific variants in the plot by setting `add_highlight = TRUE` and `add_highlight_idx = **`. This will add red dashed vertical lines (default `add_highlight_style = "vertical_lines"`) at the specified index you want to highlight. Alternatively, you can use `add_highlight_style = "star"` to change the highlight style to the red star for the specified variants. For example, to add a vertical line at true causal variants, you can set `add_vertical_idx = unique(unlist(Ind_5traits$true_effect_variants))`. Following plot also shows the top variants.

    colocboost_plot(
      res, show_top_variables = TRUE,
      add_highlight = TRUE,
      add_highlight_idx = unique(unlist(Ind_5traits$true_effect_variants)),
      add_highlight_style = "star"
    )

### 2.5. Plot with trait-specific sets if exists

There are two options available for plotting the trait-specific (uncolocalized) variants:

- `plot_ucos = FALSE` (default), if `TRUE` will plot all trait-specific (uncolocalized) sets.
- `plot_ucos_idx = NULL` (default) indicates all confidence sets are plotted. `plot_ucos_idx = 1` can be specified to plot the 1st uncolocalized confidence sets, and so on.

Important Note: You should use `colocboost(..., output_level = 2)` to obtain the trait-specific (uncolocalized) information.

    # Create a mixed dataset
    data(Ind_5traits)
    data(Heterogeneous_Effect)
    X <- Ind_5traits$X[1:3]
    Y <- Ind_5traits$Y[1:3]
    X1 <- Heterogeneous_Effect$X
    Y1 <- Heterogeneous_Effect$Y[,1,drop=F]

    # Run colocboost
    res <- colocboost(X = c(X, list(X1)), Y = c(Y, list(Y1)), output_level = 2)
    #> Validating input data.
    #> Starting gradient boosting algorithm.
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 1 converged after 86 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 3 converged after 99 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 4 converged after 103 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 2 converged after 113 iterations!
    #> Performing inference on colocalization events.
    #> Extracting colocalization results with pvalue_cutoff = 0.001, cos_npc_cutoff = 0.2, and npc_outcome_cutoff = 0.2.
    #> Keep only CoS with cos_npc >= 0.2. For each CoS, keep the outcomes configurations that pvalue of variants for the outcome < 0.001 and npc_outcome >0.2.
    colocboost_plot(res, plot_ucos = TRUE)

In this example, there are two colocalized sets (blue and orange) and two trait-specific sets for trait 4 only (green and purple). For comprehensive tutorials on result interpretation, please visit our tutorials portal at Interpret ColocBoost Output.

### 2.6 Plot with focal trait for disease prioritized colocalization

There are three options available for plotting the results from disease prioritized colocalization, considering a focal trait:

- `plot_focal_only = FALSE` (default), if `TRUE` will only plot CoS with focal trait and ignoring other CoS.
- `plot_focal_cos_outcome_only = FALSE` (default) and recommend for visualization for disease prioritized colocalization. If `TRUE` will plot all CoS colocalized with at least on traits within CoS of focal traits.

    # Create a mixed dataset
    data(Ind_5traits)
    data(Sumstat_5traits)
    X <- Ind_5traits$X[1:3]
    Y <- Ind_5traits$Y[1:3]
    sumstat <- Sumstat_5traits$sumstat[4]
    LD <- get_cormat(Ind_5traits$X[[1]])

    # Run colocboost
    res <- colocboost(X = X, Y = Y,
                      sumstat = sumstat, LD = LD,
                      focal_outcome_idx = 4)
    #> Validating input data.
    #> Starting gradient boosting algorithm.
    #> Gradient boosting for focal outcome 4 converged after 25 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 1 converged after 45 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 3 converged after 66 iterations!
    #> Gradient boosting for outcome 2 converged after 77 iterations!
    #> Performing inference on colocalization events.
    #> Extracting colocalization results with pvalue_cutoff = 0.001, cos_npc_cutoff = 0.2, and npc_outcome_cutoff = 0.2.
    #> Keep only CoS with cos_npc >= 0.2. For each CoS, keep the outcomes configurations that pvalue of variants for the outcome < 0.001 and npc_outcome >0.2.

    # Only plot CoS with focal trait
    colocboost_plot(res, plot_focal_only = TRUE)

    # Plot all CoS including at least one traits colocalized with focal trait
    colocboost_plot(res, plot_focal_cos_outcome_only = TRUE)