# Real Data Examples with Different Distributions

#### Frédéric Bertrand

#### 2025-11-21

This vignette demonstrates SelectBoost.gamlss on real datasets using different distributions. We include a growth example (Dutch boys) and further count/continuous/binary cases.

## What you’ll learn

- How to configure scopes and engines for Box–Cox t growth models, insurance claims, and quine attendance.
- How to use `selection_table()` and `effect_plot()` to interpret the resulting fits.
- How to adjust bootstrap settings (`B`, `pi_thr`, `parallel`) for heavier real-world analyses.

> You may want to install optional engines for best results: `install.packages(c("glmnet","grpreg","SGL","future.apply"))`

    library(SelectBoost.gamlss)
    library(gamlss)
    library(MASS)           # Insurance, quine
    set.seed(1)

## 1. Growth data (BCT) — Dutch boys

We model height vs age with BCT (Box–Cox t). Grouped penalties select among smoothers and interactions with pubertal stage.

Increase `B` to 50 for real use.

    set.seed(123)
    # Load and CLEAN the Dutch boys growth data
    utils::data("boys7482", package = "SelectBoost.gamlss")
    # Keep only rows complete
    boys <- boys7482[stats::complete.cases(boys7482),]
    boys$gen <- as.factor(boys$gen)
    # (Optional) keep levels actually present
    boys <- droplevels(boys)

    # Fit SelectBoost.gamlss on CLEANED data (no parallel for vignette stability)
    fit_growth <- sb_gamlss(
      hgt ~ 1, data = boys, family = gamlss.dist::BCT(),
      mu_scope    = ~ pb(age) + pb(age):gen,
      sigma_scope = ~ pb(age),
      nu_scope    = ~ pb(age),
      engine = "grpreg", engine_sigma = "grpreg", engine_nu = "grpreg",
      grpreg_penalty = "grLasso",
      B = 1, pi_thr = 0.6, pre_standardize = TRUE,
      parallel = "none", trace = FALSE
    )

    # Peek at selection (first rows)
    print(utils::head(selection_table(fit_growth), 12))
    #>   parameter        term count prop
    #> 1        mu     pb(age)     0    0
    #> 2        mu pb(age):gen     0    0
    #> 3     sigma     pb(age)     0    0
    #> 4        nu     pb(age)     0    0

    # Effect plot for age on mu
    if (requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
      print(effect_plot(fit_growth, "age", boys, what = "mu"))
    }

Increase `B` to 50 for real use.

    set.seed(123)
    # Stability curves over a small c0 grid (still on CLEANED data)
      g <- sb_gamlss_c0_grid(
        hgt ~ 1, data = boys, family = gamlss.dist::BCT(),
        mu_scope = ~ pb(age) + pb(age):gen,
        sigma_scope = ~ pb(age),
        nu_scope = ~ pb(age),
        c0_grid = seq(0.2, 0.8, by = 0.1),
        B = 1, pi_thr = 0.6, pre_standardize = TRUE,
        parallel = "none", trace = FALSE
      )
      plot_stability_curves(g, terms = c("pb(age)", "pb(age):gen"), parameter = "mu")

Interpretation. Expect `pb(age)` to be stably selected for μ and σ; interactions like `pb(age):gen` often appear around puberty.

## 2. Count data (PO) — Insurance claims

Fit Poisson with log-offset for exposure.

    data(Insurance, package = "MASS")
    ins <- transform(Insurance, logH = log(Holders))

    fit_po <- sb_gamlss(
      Claims ~ offset(logH), data = ins, family = gamlss.dist::PO(),
      mu_scope = ~ Age + District + Group,
      engine = "glmnet", glmnet_alpha = 1,    # lasso
      B = 100, pi_thr = 0.6, pre_standardize = FALSE,
      parallel = "auto", trace = FALSE
    )

    selection_table(fit_po)
    #>   parameter     term count prop
    #> 1        mu      Age   100    1
    #> 2        mu District   100    1
    #> 3        mu    Group   100    1

## 3. Positive continuous (GA) — Old Faithful

Use Gamma for positive waiting times vs eruption length.

    data(faithful)
    faith <- transform(faithful, eru2 = eruptions^2)

    fit_ga <- sb_gamlss(
      waiting ~ 1, data = faith, family = gamlss.dist::GA(),
      mu_scope    = ~ pb(eruptions) + eru2,
      sigma_scope = ~ pb(eruptions),
      engine = "glmnet", glmnet_alpha = 0.5,   # elastic-net
      B = 60, pi_thr = 0.6, pre_standardize = TRUE,
      parallel = "auto", trace = FALSE
    )

    selection_table(fit_ga)
    #>   parameter          term count prop
    #> 1        mu pb(eruptions)    60    1
    #> 2        mu          eru2    60    1
    #> 3     sigma pb(eruptions)    60    1

    # Effect plot for eruptions on mu
    if (requireNamespace('ggplot2', quietly = TRUE)) {
      print(effect_plot(fit_ga, 'eruptions', faith, what = 'mu'))
    }

## 4. Binary (BI) — `mtcars` transmission

Treat `am` (0/1) as Bernoulli.

    mt <- transform(mtcars,
      am = as.integer(am),
      cyl = factor(cyl), gear = factor(gear), carb = factor(carb), vs = factor(vs))

    fit_bin <- sb_gamlss(
      am ~ 1, data = mt, family = gamlss.dist::BI(),
      mu_scope = ~ wt + hp + qsec + cyl + gear + carb + vs,
      engine = "grpreg", grpreg_penalty = "grLasso",
      B = 80, pi_thr = 0.6, pre_standardize = TRUE,
      parallel = "auto", trace = FALSE
    )

    selection_table(fit_bin)
    #>   parameter term count prop
    #> 1        mu   wt     0    0
    #> 2        mu   hp     0    0
    #> 3        mu qsec     0    0
    #> 4        mu  cyl     0    0
    #> 5        mu gear     0    0
    #> 6        mu carb     0    0
    #> 7        mu   vs     0    0

## 5. Overdispersed counts (NBII) — `quine` absences

Negative Binomial II handles extra-Poisson variation.

    data(quine, package = "MASS")
    fit_nb2 <- sb_gamlss(
      Days ~ 1, data = quine, family = gamlss.dist::NBII(),
      mu_scope = ~ Eth + Sex + Lrn + Age,
      engine = "grpreg", grpreg_penalty = "grLasso",
      B = 80, pi_thr = 0.6, pre_standardize = FALSE,
      parallel = "auto", trace = FALSE
    )

    selection_table(fit_nb2)
    #>   parameter term count prop
    #> 1        mu  Eth     0    0
    #> 2        mu  Sex     0    0
    #> 3        mu  Lrn     0    0
    #> 4        mu  Age     0    0

### Tips

- If you have many factor levels or smoothers, prefer `engine="grpreg"`/`"sgl"` (group-aware).
- For very wide numeric designs, try `engine="glmnet"` with `glmnet_alpha` in \[0,1\].
- Use `pre_standardize=TRUE` (fast C++ scaler) when predictors are numeric and on different scales.
- For speed, enable parallel workers: `future::plan(multisession, workers = 4); parallel="auto"`.