
@article{kolenikov_post-stratification_2016,
	title = {Post-stratification or non-response adjustment?},
	volume = {9},
	url = {https://www.surveypractice.org/article/2809-post-stratification-or-non-response-adjustment},
	doi = {10.29115/SP-2016-0014},
	abstract = {This paper considers the conceptual similarities and differences in weight adjustment steps known as nonresponse adjustment, post-stratification, and calibration. The distinction is based on the information requirements, i.e., whether the data necessary for the specific type of weight adjustment exist at the population level, at the level of the original sample that includes both respondents and nonrespondents, and/or at the respondent level. An illustrative example is provided where the different weights are constructed.},
	pages = {2809},
	number = {3},
	journaltitle = {Survey Practice},
	shortjournal = {Survey Practice},
	author = {Kolenikov, Stas},
	urldate = {2022-05-10},
	date = {2016-08-01},
	langid = {english}
}

@article{hens_estimating_2009,
	title = {Estimating the impact of school closure on social mixing behaviour and the transmission of close contact infections in eight European countries},
	volume = {9},
	rights = {2009 Hens et al; licensee {BioMed} Central Ltd.},
	issn = {1471-2334},
	url = {https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-9-187},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2334-9-187},
	abstract = {Mathematical modelling of infectious disease is increasingly used to help guide public health policy. As directly transmitted infections, such as influenza and tuberculosis, require contact between individuals, knowledge about contact patterns is a necessary pre-requisite of accurate model predictions. Of particular interest is the potential impact of school closure as a means of controlling pandemic influenza (and potentially other pathogens). This paper uses a population-based prospective survey of mixing patterns in eight European countries to study the relative change in the basic reproduction number (R0 - the average number of secondary cases from a typical primary case in a fully susceptible population) on weekdays versus weekends and during regular versus holiday periods. The relative change in R0 during holiday periods and weekends gives an indication of the impact collective school closures (and prophylactic absenteeism) may have during a pandemic. Social contact patterns differ substantially when comparing weekdays to the weekend and regular to holiday periods mainly due to the reduction in work and/or school contacts. For most countries the basic reproduction number decreases from the week to weekends and regular to holiday periods by about 21\% and 17\%, respectively. However for other countries no significant decrease was observed. We use a large-scale social contact survey in eight different European countries to gain insights in the relative change in the basic reproduction number on weekdays versus weekends and during regular versus holiday periods. The resulting estimates indicate that school closure can have a substantial impact on the spread of a newly emerging infectious disease that is transmitted via close (non sexual) contacts.},
	pages = {1--12},
	number = {1},
	journaltitle = {{BMC} Infectious Diseases},
	shortjournal = {{BMC} Infect Dis},
	author = {Hens, Niel and Ayele, Girma Minalu and Goeyvaerts, Nele and Aerts, Marc and Mossong, Joel and Edmunds, John W. and Beutels, Philippe},
	urldate = {2022-05-10},
	date = {2009-12},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Number: 1
Publisher: {BioMed} Central}
}

@article{willem_nice_2012,
	title = {A Nice Day for an Infection? Weather Conditions and Social Contact Patterns Relevant to Influenza Transmission},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0048695},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0048695},
	shorttitle = {A Nice Day for an Infection?},
	abstract = {Although there is no doubt that significant morbidity and mortality occur during annual influenza epidemics, the role of contextual circumstances, which catalyze seasonal influenza transmission, remains unclear. Weather conditions are believed to affect virus survival, efficiency of transmission and host immunity, but seasonality may also be driven by a tendency of people to congregate indoors during periods of bad weather. To test this hypothesis, we combined data from a social contact survey in Belgium with local weather data. In the absence of a previous in-depth weather impact analysis of social contact patterns, we explored the possibilities and identified pitfalls. We found general dominance of day-type (weekend, holiday, working day) over weather conditions, but nonetheless observed an increase in long duration contacts (1 hour) on regular workdays with low temperatures, almost no precipitation and low absolute humidity of the air. Interestingly, these conditions are often assumed to be beneficial for virus survival and transmission. Further research is needed to establish the impact of the weather on social contacts. We recommend that future studies sample over a broad spectrum of weather conditions and day types and include a sufficiently large proportion of holiday periods and weekends.},
	pages = {e48695},
	number = {11},
	journaltitle = {{PLOS} {ONE}},
	shortjournal = {{PLOS} {ONE}},
	author = {Willem, Lander and Kerckhove, Kim Van and Chao, Dennis L. and Hens, Niel and Beutels, Philippe},
	urldate = {2022-05-10},
	date = {2012-11-14},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
	keywords = {Infectious disease epidemiology, Schools, Humidity, Influenza, Meteorology, Seasons, Vapor pressure, Weather}
}

@article{mossong_social_2008,
	title = {Social Contacts and Mixing Patterns Relevant to the Spread of Infectious Diseases},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1549-1676},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050074},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.0050074},
	abstract = {Background Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases transmitted by the respiratory or close-contact route (e.g., pandemic influenza) is increasingly being used to determine the impact of possible interventions. Although mixing patterns are known to be crucial determinants for model outcome, researchers often rely on a priori contact assumptions with little or no empirical basis. We conducted a population-based prospective survey of mixing patterns in eight European countries using a common paper-diary methodology. Methods and Findings 7,290 participants recorded characteristics of 97,904 contacts with different individuals during one day, including age, sex, location, duration, frequency, and occurrence of physical contact. We found that mixing patterns and contact characteristics were remarkably similar across different European countries. Contact patterns were highly assortative with age: schoolchildren and young adults in particular tended to mix with people of the same age. Contacts lasting at least one hour or occurring on a daily basis mostly involved physical contact, while short duration and infrequent contacts tended to be nonphysical. Contacts at home, school, or leisure were more likely to be physical than contacts at the workplace or while travelling. Preliminary modelling indicates that 5- to 19-year-olds are expected to suffer the highest incidence during the initial epidemic phase of an emerging infection transmitted through social contacts measured here when the population is completely susceptible. Conclusions To our knowledge, our study provides the first large-scale quantitative approach to contact patterns relevant for infections transmitted by the respiratory or close-contact route, and the results should lead to improved parameterisation of mathematical models used to design control strategies.},
	pages = {e74},
	number = {3},
	journaltitle = {{PLOS} Medicine},
	shortjournal = {{PLOS} Medicine},
	author = {Mossong, Joël and Hens, Niel and Jit, Mark and Beutels, Philippe and Auranen, Kari and Mikolajczyk, Rafael and Massari, Marco and Salmaso, Stefania and Tomba, Gianpaolo Scalia and Wallinga, Jacco and Heijne, Janneke and Sadkowska-Todys, Malgorzata and Rosinska, Magdalena and Edmunds, W. John},
	urldate = {2022-05-10},
	date = {2008-03-25},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
	keywords = {Age groups, Infectious disease epidemiology, Epidemiology, Europe, Infectious diseases, Mathematical models, Respiratory infections, Surveys}
}
