/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.rng.sampling.distribution;

import org.apache.commons.rng.UniformRandomProvider;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.SplitMix64;
import org.apache.commons.rng.sampling.RandomAssert;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;

/**
 * Test for the {@link ContinuousUniformSampler}.
 */
class ContinuousUniformSamplerTest {
    /**
     * Test that the sampler algorithm does not require high to be above low.
     */
    @Test
    void testNoRestrictionOnOrderOfLowAndHighParameters() {
        final double low = 3.18;
        final double high = 5.23;
        final UniformRandomProvider rng = RandomAssert.createRNG();
        testSampleInRange(rng, low, high);
        testSampleInRange(rng, high, low);
    }

    private static void testSampleInRange(UniformRandomProvider rng,
                                          double low, double high) {
        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler = ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, low, high);
        final double min = Math.min(low,  high);
        final double max = Math.max(low,  high);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final double value = sampler.sample();
            Assertions.assertTrue(value >= min && value <= max, () -> "Value not in range: " + value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the sampler excludes the bounds when the underlying generator returns long values
     * that produce the limit of the uniform double output.
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource({
        "3.18, 5.23",
        "0, 1",
        "0, 2",
        "1, 2",
    })
    void testExcludeBounds(double low, double high) {
        // A broken RNG that will return in an alternating sequence from 0 up or -1 down.
        // This is either zero bits or all the bits
        final UniformRandomProvider rng = new SplitMix64(0L) {
            private long l1;
            private long l2;
            @Override
            public long nextLong() {
                long x;
                if (l1 > l2) {
                    l2++;
                    // Descending sequence: -1, -2, -3, ...
                    x = -l2;
                } else {
                    // Ascending sequence: 0, 1, 2, ...
                    x = l1++;
                }
                // Shift by 11 bits to reverse the shift performed when computing the next
                // double from a long.
                return x << 11;
            }
        };
        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler =
            ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, low, high, true);
        // Test the sampler excludes the end points
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final double value = sampler.sample();
            Assertions.assertTrue(value > low && value < high, () -> "Value not in range: " + value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test open intervals {@code (lower,upper)} where there are not enough double values
     * between the limits.
     */
    @Test
    void testInvalidOpenIntervalThrows() {
        final UniformRandomProvider rng = RandomAssert.seededRNG();
        for (final double[] interval : new double[][] {
            // Opposite signs. Require two doubles inside the range.
            {-0.0, 0.0},
            {-0.0, Double.MIN_VALUE},
            {-0.0, Double.MIN_VALUE * 2},
            {-Double.MIN_VALUE, 0.0},
            {-Double.MIN_VALUE * 2, 0.0},
            {-Double.MIN_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE},
            // Same signs. Requires one double inside the range.
            // Same exponent
            {1.23, Math.nextUp(1.23)},
            {1.23, Math.nextUp(1.23)},
            // Different exponent
            {2.0, Math.nextDown(2.0)},
        }) {
            final double low = interval[0];
            final double high = interval[1];
            Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                () -> ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, low, high, true),
                () -> "(" + low + "," + high + ")");
            Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                () -> ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, high, low, true),
                () -> "(" + high + "," + low + ")");
        }

        // Valid. This will overflow if the raw long bits are extracted and
        // subtracted to obtain a ULP difference.
        ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, Double.MAX_VALUE, -Double.MAX_VALUE, true);
    }

    /**
     * Test open intervals {@code (lower,upper)} where there is only the minimum number of
     * double values between the limits.
     */
    @Test
    void testTinyOpenIntervalSample() {
        final UniformRandomProvider rng = RandomAssert.seededRNG();

        // Test sub-normal ranges
        final double x = Double.MIN_VALUE;

        for (final double expected : new double[] {
            1.23, 2, 56787.7893, 3 * x, 2 * x, x
        }) {
            final double low = Math.nextUp(expected);
            final double high = Math.nextDown(expected);
            Assertions.assertEquals(expected, ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, low, high, true).sample());
            Assertions.assertEquals(expected, ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, high, low, true).sample());
            Assertions.assertEquals(-expected, ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, -low, -high, true).sample());
            Assertions.assertEquals(-expected, ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, -high, -low, true).sample());
        }

        // Special case of sampling around zero.
        // Requires 2 doubles inside the range.
        final double y = ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, -x, 2 * x, true).sample();
        Assertions.assertTrue(-x < y && y < 2 * x);
        final double z = ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng, -2 * x, x, true).sample();
        Assertions.assertTrue(-2 * x < z && z < x);
    }

    /**
     * Test open interval {@code (0, 1)} is within 1 dyadic rational of next double.
     */
    @Test
    void testOpenInterval01Sample() {
        final UniformRandomProvider rng1 = RandomAssert.seededRNG();
        final UniformRandomProvider rng2 = RandomAssert.seededRNG();

        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler =
            ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng2, 0, 1, true);

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            Assertions.assertEquals(rng1.nextDouble(), sampler.sample(), 0x1.0p-53);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the SharedStateSampler implementation.
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource({
        "3.18, 5.23, false",
        "0, 1, false",
        "0, 2, false",
        "3.18, 5.23, true",
        "0, 1, true",
        "0, 2, true",
    })
    void testSharedStateSampler(double low, double high, boolean excludeBounds) {
        // Create RNGs that will generate a sample at the limits.
        // This tests the bounds excluded sampler correctly shares state.
        // Do this using a RNG that outputs 0 for the first nextDouble().
        final UniformRandomProvider rng1 = new SplitMix64(0L) {
            private double x;
            @Override
            public double nextDouble() {
                final double y = x;
                x = super.nextDouble();
                return y;
            }
        };
        final UniformRandomProvider rng2 = new SplitMix64(0L) {
            private double x;
            @Override
            public double nextDouble() {
                final double y = x;
                x = super.nextDouble();
                return y;
            }
        };
        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler1 =
            ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng1, low, high, excludeBounds);
        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler2 = sampler1.withUniformRandomProvider(rng2);
        RandomAssert.assertProduceSameSequence(sampler1, sampler2);
    }

    /**
     * Test the sampler implementation with bounds excluded matches that with bounds included
     * when the generator does not produce the limit of the uniform double output.
     */
    @Test
    void testSamplerWithBoundsExcluded() {
        // SplitMix64 only returns zero once in the output. Seeded with zero it outputs zero
        // at the end of the period.
        final UniformRandomProvider rng1 = RandomAssert.seededRNG();
        final UniformRandomProvider rng2 = RandomAssert.seededRNG();
        final double low = 1.23;
        final double high = 4.56;
        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler1 =
            ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng1, low, high, false);
        final SharedStateContinuousSampler sampler2 =
            ContinuousUniformSampler.of(rng2, low, high, true);
        RandomAssert.assertProduceSameSequence(sampler1, sampler2);
    }
}
