/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.rng.examples.jmh.simple;

import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Param;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
import org.openjdk.jmh.infra.Blackhole;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.commons.rng.UniformRandomProvider;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.ISAACRandom;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.JDKRandom;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.KISSRandom;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.MersenneTwister;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.MultiplyWithCarry256;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Philox4x32;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Well1024a;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Well19937a;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Well19937c;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Well44497a;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Well44497b;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.Well512a;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.XoRoShiRo64Star;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.XoRoShiRo64StarStar;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.XoShiRo128Plus;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source32.XoShiRo128StarStar;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.MersenneTwister64;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.Philox4x64;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.SplitMix64;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.TwoCmres;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XoRoShiRo128Plus;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XoRoShiRo128StarStar;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XoShiRo256Plus;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XoShiRo256StarStar;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XoShiRo512Plus;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XoShiRo512StarStar;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XorShift1024Star;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.source64.XorShift1024StarPhi;
import org.apache.commons.rng.core.util.NumberFactory;
import org.apache.commons.rng.examples.jmh.RandomSourceValues;
import org.apache.commons.rng.simple.RandomSource;
import org.apache.commons.rng.simple.internal.ProviderBuilder.RandomSourceInternal;
import org.apache.commons.rng.simple.internal.SeedFactory;

/**
 * Executes a benchmark to compare the speed of construction of random number providers.
 *
 * <p>Note that random number providers are created and then used. Thus the construction time must
 * be analysed together with the run time performance benchmark (see for example
 * {@link org.apache.commons.rng.examples.jmh.core.NextLongGenerationPerformance
 * NextIntGenerationPerformance} and
 * {@link org.apache.commons.rng.examples.jmh.core.NextLongGenerationPerformance
 * NextLongGenerationPerformance}).
 *
 * <pre>
 * [Total time] = [Construction time] + [Run time]
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>Selection of a suitable random number provider based on construction speed should consider
 * when the construction time is a large fraction of the run time. In the majority of cases the
 * run time will be the largest component of the total time and the provider should be selected
 * based on its other properties such as the period, statistical randomness and speed.
 */
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)
@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Benchmark)
@Fork(value = 1, jvmArgs = { "-server", "-Xms512M", "-Xmx512M" })
public class ConstructionPerformance {

    /** The number of different constructor seeds. */
    private static final int SEEDS = 500;
    /**
     * The maximum seed array size. This is irrespective of data type just to ensure
     * there is enough data in the random seeds. The value is for WELL_44497_A.
     */
    private static final int MAX_SEED_SIZE = 1391;
    /** The {@link Long} seeds. */
    private static final Long[] LONG_SEEDS;
    /** The {@link Integer} seeds. */
    private static final Integer[] INTEGER_SEEDS;
    /** The {@code long[]} seeds. */
    private static final long[][] LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS;
    /** The {@code int[]} seeds. */
    private static final int[][] INT_ARRAY_SEEDS;
    /** The {@code byte[]} seeds. */
    private static final byte[][] BYTE_ARRAY_SEEDS;

    /**
     * The values. Must NOT be final to prevent JVM optimisation!
     * This is used to test the speed of the BlackHole consuming an object.
     */
    private Object[] values;

    static {
        LONG_SEEDS = new Long[SEEDS];
        INTEGER_SEEDS = new Integer[SEEDS];
        LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS = new long[SEEDS][];
        INT_ARRAY_SEEDS = new int[SEEDS][];
        BYTE_ARRAY_SEEDS = new byte[SEEDS][];
        final UniformRandomProvider rng = RandomSource.XOR_SHIFT_1024_S_PHI.create();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            final long[] longArray = new long[MAX_SEED_SIZE];
            final int[] intArray = new int[MAX_SEED_SIZE];
            for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SEED_SIZE; j++) {
                longArray[j] = rng.nextLong();
                intArray[j] = (int) longArray[j];
            }
            LONG_SEEDS[i] = longArray[0];
            INTEGER_SEEDS[i] = intArray[0];
            LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i] = longArray;
            INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i] = intArray;
            BYTE_ARRAY_SEEDS[i] = NumberFactory.makeByteArray(longArray);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Default constructor to initialize state.
     */
    public ConstructionPerformance() {
        values = new Object[SEEDS];
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            values[i] = new Object();
        }
    }

    /**
     * The benchmark state (retrieve the various "RandomSource"s).
     */
    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
    public static class Sources extends RandomSourceValues {
        /** The native seeds. */
        private Object[] nativeSeeds;

        /** The native seeds with arrays truncated to 1 element. */
        private Object[] nativeSeeds1;

        /** The {@code byte[]} seeds, truncated to the appropriate length for the native seed type. */
        private byte[][] byteSeeds;

        /** The implementing class for the random source. */
        private Class<?> implementingClass;

        /** The constructor. */
        private Constructor<Object> constructor;

        /**
         * Gets the native seeds for the RandomSource.
         *
         * @return the native seeds
         */
        public Object[] getNativeSeeds() {
            return nativeSeeds;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the native seeds for the RandomSource with arrays truncated to length 1.
         *
         * @return the native seeds
         */
        public Object[] getNativeSeeds1() {
            return nativeSeeds1;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the native seeds for the RandomSource.
         *
         * @return the native seeds
         */
        public byte[][] getByteSeeds() {
            return byteSeeds;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the implementing class.
         *
         * @return the implementing class
         */
        public Class<?> getImplementingClass() {
            return implementingClass;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the constructor.
         *
         * @return the constructor
         */
        public Constructor<Object> getConstructor() {
            return constructor;
        }

        /**
         * Create the random source and the test seeds.
         */
        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        @Setup(Level.Trial)
        public void setup() {
            super.setup();
            final RandomSource randomSource = getRandomSource();
            nativeSeeds = findNativeSeeds(randomSource);

            // Truncate array seeds to length 1
            if (nativeSeeds[0].getClass().isArray()) {
                nativeSeeds1 = new Object[SEEDS];
                for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
                    nativeSeeds1[i] = copy(nativeSeeds[i], 1);
                }
            } else {
                // N/A
                nativeSeeds1 = nativeSeeds;
            }

            // Convert seeds to bytes
            byteSeeds = new byte[SEEDS][];
            final int byteSize = findNativeSeedLength(randomSource) *
                           findNativeSeedElementByteSize(randomSource);
            for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
                byteSeeds[i] = Arrays.copyOf(BYTE_ARRAY_SEEDS[i], byteSize);
            }

            // Cache the class type and constructor
            implementingClass = getRandomSourceInternal(randomSource).getRng();
            try {
                constructor = (Constructor<Object>) implementingClass.getConstructor(nativeSeeds[0].getClass());
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to find the constructor", ex);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Copy the specified length of the provided array object.
         *
         * @param object the object
         * @param length the length
         * @return the copy
         */
        private static Object copy(Object object, int length) {
            if (object instanceof int[]) {
                return Arrays.copyOf((int[]) object, length);
            }
            if (object instanceof long[]) {
                return Arrays.copyOf((long[]) object, length);
            }
            throw new AssertionError("Unknown seed array");
        }

        /**
         * Find the native seeds for the RandomSource.
         *
         * @param randomSource the random source
         * @return the native seeds
         */
        private static Object[] findNativeSeeds(RandomSource randomSource) {
            switch (randomSource) {
            case TWO_CMRES:
            case TWO_CMRES_SELECT:
                return INTEGER_SEEDS;
            case JDK:
            case SPLIT_MIX_64:
                return LONG_SEEDS;
            case WELL_512_A:
            case WELL_1024_A:
            case WELL_19937_A:
            case WELL_19937_C:
            case WELL_44497_A:
            case WELL_44497_B:
            case MT:
            case ISAAC:
            case MWC_256:
            case KISS:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_S:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_SS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_SS:
            case PHILOX_4X32:
                return INT_ARRAY_SEEDS;
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S:
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S_PHI:
            case MT_64:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_SS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_SS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_SS:
            case PHILOX_4X64:
                return LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS;
            default:
                throw new AssertionError("Unknown native seed");
            }
        }

        /**
         * Find the length of the native seed (number of elements).
         *
         * @param randomSource the random source
         * @return the seed length
         */
        private static int findNativeSeedLength(RandomSource randomSource) {
            switch (randomSource) {
            case JDK:
            case SPLIT_MIX_64:
            case TWO_CMRES:
            case TWO_CMRES_SELECT:
                return 1;
            case WELL_512_A:
                return 16;
            case WELL_1024_A:
                return 32;
            case WELL_19937_A:
            case WELL_19937_C:
                return 624;
            case WELL_44497_A:
            case WELL_44497_B:
                return 1391;
            case MT:
                return 624;
            case ISAAC:
                return 256;
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S:
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S_PHI:
                return 16;
            case MT_64:
                return 312;
            case MWC_256:
                return 257;
            case KISS:
                return 4;
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_S:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_SS:
                return 2;
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_SS:
                return 4;
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_SS:
                return 2;
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_SS:
                return 4;
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_SS:
                return 8;
            case PHILOX_4X32:
            case PHILOX_4X64:
                return 6;
            default:
                throw new AssertionError("Unknown native seed size");
            }
        }

        /**
         * Find the byte size of a single element of the native seed.
         *
         * @param randomSource the random source
         * @return the seed element byte size
         */
        private static int findNativeSeedElementByteSize(RandomSource randomSource) {
            switch (randomSource) {
            case JDK:
            case WELL_512_A:
            case WELL_1024_A:
            case WELL_19937_A:
            case WELL_19937_C:
            case WELL_44497_A:
            case WELL_44497_B:
            case MT:
            case ISAAC:
            case TWO_CMRES:
            case TWO_CMRES_SELECT:
            case MWC_256:
            case KISS:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_S:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_SS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_SS:
            case PHILOX_4X32:
                return 4; // int
            case SPLIT_MIX_64:
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S:
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S_PHI:
            case MT_64:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS:
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_SS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_SS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_PLUS:
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_SS:
            case PHILOX_4X64:
                return 8; // long
            default:
                throw new AssertionError("Unknown native seed element byte size");
            }
        }

        /**
         * Gets the random source internal.
         *
         * @param randomSource the random source
         * @return the random source internal
         */
        private static RandomSourceInternal getRandomSourceInternal(RandomSource randomSource) {
            switch (randomSource) {
            case JDK: return RandomSourceInternal.JDK;
            case WELL_512_A: return RandomSourceInternal.WELL_512_A;
            case WELL_1024_A: return RandomSourceInternal.WELL_1024_A;
            case WELL_19937_A: return RandomSourceInternal.WELL_19937_A;
            case WELL_19937_C: return RandomSourceInternal.WELL_19937_C;
            case WELL_44497_A: return RandomSourceInternal.WELL_44497_A;
            case WELL_44497_B: return RandomSourceInternal.WELL_44497_B;
            case MT: return RandomSourceInternal.MT;
            case ISAAC: return RandomSourceInternal.ISAAC;
            case TWO_CMRES: return RandomSourceInternal.TWO_CMRES;
            case TWO_CMRES_SELECT: return RandomSourceInternal.TWO_CMRES_SELECT;
            case MWC_256: return RandomSourceInternal.MWC_256;
            case KISS: return RandomSourceInternal.KISS;
            case SPLIT_MIX_64: return RandomSourceInternal.SPLIT_MIX_64;
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S: return RandomSourceInternal.XOR_SHIFT_1024_S;
            case MT_64: return RandomSourceInternal.MT_64;
            case XOR_SHIFT_1024_S_PHI: return RandomSourceInternal.XOR_SHIFT_1024_S_PHI;
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_S: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_S;
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_SS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_RO_SHI_RO_64_SS;
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS;
            case XO_SHI_RO_128_SS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_SHI_RO_128_SS;
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_PLUS;
            case XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_SS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_RO_SHI_RO_128_SS;
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_PLUS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_SHI_RO_256_PLUS;
            case XO_SHI_RO_256_SS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_SHI_RO_256_SS;
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_PLUS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_SHI_RO_512_PLUS;
            case XO_SHI_RO_512_SS: return RandomSourceInternal.XO_SHI_RO_512_SS;
            case PHILOX_4X32: return RandomSourceInternal.PHILOX_4X32;
            case PHILOX_4X64: return RandomSourceInternal.PHILOX_4X64;
            default:
                throw new AssertionError("Unknown random source internal");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * The number of {@code int} values that are required to seed a generator.
     */
    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
    public static class IntSizes {
        /** The number of values. */
        @Param({"2",
                "4",
                "32",
                "128", // Legacy limit on array size generation
                "256",
                "257",
                "624",
                "1391",
            })
        private int size;

        /**
         * Gets the number of {@code int} values required.
         *
         * @return the size
         */
        public int getSize() {
            return size;
        }
    }

    /**
     * The number of {@code long} values that are required to seed a generator.
     */
    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
    public static class LongSizes {
        /** The number of values. */
        @Param({"2",
                "4",
                "8",
                "16",
                "128", // Legacy limit on array size generation
                "312",
            })
        private int size;

        /**
         * Gets the number of {@code long} values required.
         *
         * @return the size
         */
        public int getSize() {
            return size;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Baseline for JMH consuming a number of constructed objects.
     * This shows the JMH timing overhead for all the construction benchmarks.
     *
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void baselineConsumeObject(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(values[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Baseline for JMH consuming a number of new objects.
     *
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newObject(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Object());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newJDKRandom(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new JDKRandom(LONG_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newWell512a(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Well512a(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newWell1024a(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Well1024a(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newWell19937a(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Well19937a(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newWell19937c(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Well19937c(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newWell44497a(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Well44497a(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newWell44497b(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Well44497b(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newMersenneTwister(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new MersenneTwister(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newISAACRandom(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new ISAACRandom(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newSplitMix64(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new SplitMix64(LONG_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXorShift1024Star(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XorShift1024Star(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newTwoCmres(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new TwoCmres(INTEGER_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newMersenneTwister64(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new MersenneTwister64(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newMultiplyWithCarry256(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new MultiplyWithCarry256(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newKISSRandom(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new KISSRandom(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXorShift1024StarPhi(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XorShift1024StarPhi(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoRoShiRo64Star(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoRoShiRo64Star(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoRoShiRo64StarStar(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoRoShiRo64StarStar(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoShiRo128Plus(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoShiRo128Plus(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoShiRo128StarStar(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoShiRo128StarStar(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoRoShiRo128Plus(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoRoShiRo128Plus(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoRoShiRo128StarStar(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoRoShiRo128StarStar(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoShiRo256Plus(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoShiRo256Plus(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoShiRo256StarStar(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoShiRo256StarStar(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoShiRo512Plus(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoShiRo512Plus(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newXoShiRo512StarStar(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new XoShiRo512StarStar(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newPhilox4x32(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Philox4x32(INT_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newPhilox4x64(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(new Philox4x64(LONG_ARRAY_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance using reflection with a cached constructor.
     *
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     * @throws InvocationTargetException If reflection failed.
     * @throws IllegalAccessException If reflection failed.
     * @throws InstantiationException If reflection failed.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void newInstance(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) throws InstantiationException,
            IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        final Object[] nativeSeeds = sources.getNativeSeeds();
        final Constructor<?> constructor = sources.getConstructor();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(constructor.newInstance(nativeSeeds[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance using reflection to lookup the constructor then invoke it.
     *
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     * @throws InvocationTargetException If reflection failed.
     * @throws IllegalAccessException If reflection failed.
     * @throws InstantiationException If reflection failed.
     * @throws SecurityException If reflection failed.
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException If reflection failed.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If reflection failed.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void lookupNewInstance(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) throws InstantiationException,
            IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
        final Object[] nativeSeeds = sources.getNativeSeeds();
        final Class<?> implementingClass = sources.getImplementingClass();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(implementingClass.getConstructor(nativeSeeds[i].getClass()).newInstance(nativeSeeds[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createNullSeed(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) {
        final RandomSource randomSource = sources.getRandomSource();
        final Object seed = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(randomSource.create(seed));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createNativeSeed(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) {
        final RandomSource randomSource = sources.getRandomSource();
        final Object[] nativeSeeds = sources.getNativeSeeds();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(randomSource.create(nativeSeeds[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the native seed with arrays truncated to length 1. This tests the speed
     * of self-seeding.
     *
     * <p>This test is the same as {@link #createNativeSeed(Sources, Blackhole)} if
     * the random source native seed is not an array.
     *
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createSelfSeed(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) {
        final RandomSource randomSource = sources.getRandomSource();
        final Object[] nativeSeeds1 = sources.getNativeSeeds1();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(randomSource.create(nativeSeeds1[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createLongSeed(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) {
        final RandomSource randomSource = sources.getRandomSource();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(randomSource.create(LONG_SEEDS[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param sources Source of randomness.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createByteArray(Sources sources, Blackhole bh) {
        final RandomSource randomSource = sources.getRandomSource();
        final byte[][] byteSeeds = sources.getByteSeeds();
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(randomSource.create(byteSeeds[i]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param sizes   Size of {@code int[]} seed.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createIntArraySeed(IntSizes sizes, Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(SeedFactory.createIntArray(sizes.getSize()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param sizes   Size of {@code long[]} seed.
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createLongArraySeed(LongSizes sizes, Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            bh.consume(SeedFactory.createLongArray(sizes.getSize()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createSingleIntegerSeed(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            // This has to be boxed to an object
            bh.consume(Integer.valueOf(SeedFactory.createInt()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bh      Data sink.
     */
    @Benchmark
    public void createSingleLongSeed(Blackhole bh) {
        for (int i = 0; i < SEEDS; i++) {
            // This has to be boxed to an object
            bh.consume(Long.valueOf(SeedFactory.createLong()));
        }
    }
}
