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//! Physical optimizer traits

use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::sync::Arc;

use crate::aggregate_statistics::AggregateStatistics;
use crate::combine_partial_final_agg::CombinePartialFinalAggregate;
use crate::enforce_distribution::EnforceDistribution;
use crate::enforce_sorting::EnforceSorting;
use crate::ensure_coop::EnsureCooperative;
use crate::filter_pushdown::FilterPushdown;
use crate::join_selection::JoinSelection;
use crate::limit_pushdown::LimitPushdown;
use crate::limited_distinct_aggregation::LimitedDistinctAggregation;
use crate::output_requirements::OutputRequirements;
use crate::projection_pushdown::ProjectionPushdown;
use crate::sanity_checker::SanityCheckPlan;
use crate::topk_aggregation::TopKAggregation;
use crate::topk_repartition::TopKRepartition;
use crate::update_aggr_exprs::OptimizeAggregateOrder;

use crate::hash_join_buffering::HashJoinBuffering;
use crate::limit_pushdown_past_window::LimitPushPastWindows;
use crate::pushdown_sort::PushdownSort;
use crate::window_topn::WindowTopN;
use datafusion_common::Result;
use datafusion_common::config::ConfigOptions;
use datafusion_physical_plan::ExecutionPlan;
use datafusion_physical_plan::operator_statistics::StatisticsRegistry;

/// Context available to physical optimizer rules.
///
/// This trait provides access to configuration options and optional statistics
/// registry for enhanced statistics lookup. It allows optimizer rules to access
/// extended context without changing the core [`PhysicalOptimizerRule::optimize`]
/// signature.
pub trait PhysicalOptimizerContext: Send + Sync {
    /// Returns the configuration options.
    fn config_options(&self) -> &ConfigOptions;

    /// Returns the statistics registry for enhanced statistics lookup.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if no registry is configured, in which case rules
    /// should fall back to using `ExecutionPlan::partition_statistics()`.
    fn statistics_registry(&self) -> Option<&StatisticsRegistry> {
        None
    }
}

/// Simple context wrapping [`ConfigOptions`] for backward compatibility.
///
/// This struct provides a minimal implementation of [`PhysicalOptimizerContext`]
/// that only supplies configuration options. Used when no statistics registry
/// is available or needed.
pub struct ConfigOnlyContext<'a> {
    config: &'a ConfigOptions,
}

impl<'a> ConfigOnlyContext<'a> {
    /// Create a new context wrapping the given config options.
    pub fn new(config: &'a ConfigOptions) -> Self {
        Self { config }
    }
}

impl PhysicalOptimizerContext for ConfigOnlyContext<'_> {
    fn config_options(&self) -> &ConfigOptions {
        self.config
    }
}

/// `PhysicalOptimizerRule` transforms one ['ExecutionPlan'] into another which
/// computes the same results, but in a potentially more efficient way.
///
/// Use [`SessionState::add_physical_optimizer_rule`] to register additional
/// `PhysicalOptimizerRule`s.
///
/// [`SessionState::add_physical_optimizer_rule`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/session_state/struct.SessionState.html#method.add_physical_optimizer_rule
pub trait PhysicalOptimizerRule: Debug + std::any::Any {
    /// Rewrite `plan` to an optimized form.
    ///
    /// This is the primary optimization method. For rules that need access to
    /// the statistics registry, override [`optimize_with_context`](Self::optimize_with_context) instead.
    fn optimize(
        &self,
        plan: Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>,
        config: &ConfigOptions,
    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>>;

    /// Rewrite `plan` with access to extended context (statistics registry, etc.).
    ///
    /// Override this method if you need access to the statistics registry for
    /// enhanced statistics lookup. The default implementation simply calls
    /// [`optimize`](Self::optimize) with the config options from the context.
    fn optimize_with_context(
        &self,
        plan: Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>,
        context: &dyn PhysicalOptimizerContext,
    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>> {
        self.optimize(plan, context.config_options())
    }

    /// A human readable name for this optimizer rule
    fn name(&self) -> &str;

    /// A flag to indicate whether the physical planner should validate that the rule will not
    /// change the schema of the plan after the rewriting.
    /// Some of the optimization rules might change the nullable properties of the schema
    /// and should disable the schema check.
    fn schema_check(&self) -> bool;
}

/// A rule-based physical optimizer.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PhysicalOptimizer {
    /// All rules to apply
    pub rules: Vec<Arc<dyn PhysicalOptimizerRule + Send + Sync>>,
}

impl Default for PhysicalOptimizer {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl PhysicalOptimizer {
    /// Create a new optimizer using the recommended list of rules
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        // NOTEs:
        // - The order of rules in this list is important, as it determines the
        //   order in which they are applied.
        // - Adding a new rule here is expensive as it will be applied to all
        //   queries, and will likely increase the optimization time. Please extend
        //   existing rules when possible, rather than adding a new rule.
        let rules: Vec<Arc<dyn PhysicalOptimizerRule + Send + Sync>> = vec![
            // If there is a output requirement of the query, make sure that
            // this information is not lost across different rules during optimization.
            Arc::new(OutputRequirements::new_add_mode()),
            Arc::new(AggregateStatistics::new()),
            // Statistics-based join selection will change the Auto mode to a real join implementation,
            // like collect left, or hash join, or future sort merge join, which will influence the
            // EnforceDistribution and EnforceSorting rules as they decide whether to add additional
            // repartitioning and local sorting steps to meet distribution and ordering requirements.
            // Therefore, it should run before EnforceDistribution and EnforceSorting.
            Arc::new(JoinSelection::new()),
            // The LimitedDistinctAggregation rule should be applied before the EnforceDistribution rule,
            // as that rule may inject other operations in between the different AggregateExecs.
            // Applying the rule early means only directly-connected AggregateExecs must be examined.
            Arc::new(LimitedDistinctAggregation::new()),
            // The FilterPushdown rule tries to push down filters as far as it can.
            // For example, it will push down filtering from a `FilterExec` to `DataSourceExec`.
            // Note that this does not push down dynamic filters (such as those created by a `SortExec` operator in TopK mode),
            // those are handled by the later `FilterPushdown` rule.
            // See `FilterPushdownPhase` for more details.
            Arc::new(FilterPushdown::new()),
            // The EnforceDistribution rule is for adding essential repartitioning to satisfy distribution
            // requirements. Please make sure that the whole plan tree is determined before this rule.
            // This rule increases parallelism if doing so is beneficial to the physical plan; i.e. at
            // least one of the operators in the plan benefits from increased parallelism.
            Arc::new(EnforceDistribution::new()),
            // The CombinePartialFinalAggregate rule should be applied after the EnforceDistribution rule
            Arc::new(CombinePartialFinalAggregate::new()),
            // The EnforceSorting rule is for adding essential local sorting to satisfy the required
            // ordering. Please make sure that the whole plan tree is determined before this rule.
            // Note that one should always run this rule after running the EnforceDistribution rule
            // as the latter may break local sorting requirements.
            Arc::new(EnforceSorting::new()),
            // Run once after the local sorting requirement is changed
            Arc::new(OptimizeAggregateOrder::new()),
            // WindowTopN: replaces Filter(rn<=K) → Window(ROW_NUMBER) → Sort
            // with Window(ROW_NUMBER) → PartitionedTopKExec(fetch=K).
            // Must run after EnforceSorting (which inserts SortExec) and before
            // ProjectionPushdown (which embeds projections into FilterExec).
            Arc::new(WindowTopN::new()),
            // TODO: `try_embed_to_hash_join` in the ProjectionPushdown rule would be block by the CoalesceBatches, so add it before CoalesceBatches. Maybe optimize it in the future.
            Arc::new(ProjectionPushdown::new()),
            // Remove the ancillary output requirement operator since we are done with the planning
            // phase.
            Arc::new(OutputRequirements::new_remove_mode()),
            // The aggregation limiter will try to find situations where the accumulator count
            // is not tied to the cardinality, i.e. when the output of the aggregation is passed
            // into an `order by max(x) limit y`. In this case it will copy the limit value down
            // to the aggregation, allowing it to use only y number of accumulators.
            Arc::new(TopKAggregation::new()),
            // Tries to push limits down through window functions, growing as appropriate
            // This can possibly be combined with [LimitPushdown]
            // It needs to come after [EnforceSorting]
            Arc::new(LimitPushPastWindows::new()),
            // The HashJoinBuffering rule adds a BufferExec node with the configured capacity
            // in the prob side of hash joins. That way, the probe side gets eagerly polled before
            // the build side is completely finished.
            Arc::new(HashJoinBuffering::new()),
            // The LimitPushdown rule tries to push limits down as far as possible,
            // replacing operators with fetching variants, or adding limits
            // past operators that support limit pushdown.
            Arc::new(LimitPushdown::new()),
            // TopKRepartition pushes TopK (Sort with fetch) below Hash
            // repartition when the partition key is a prefix of the sort key.
            // This reduces data volume before a hash shuffle. It must run
            // after LimitPushdown so that the TopK already exists on the SortExec.
            Arc::new(TopKRepartition::new()),
            // The ProjectionPushdown rule tries to push projections towards
            // the sources in the execution plan. As a result of this process,
            // a projection can disappear if it reaches the source providers, and
            // sequential projections can merge into one. Even if these two cases
            // are not present, the load of executors such as join or union will be
            // reduced by narrowing their input tables.
            Arc::new(ProjectionPushdown::new()),
            // PushdownSort: Detect sorts that can be pushed down to data sources.
            Arc::new(PushdownSort::new()),
            Arc::new(EnsureCooperative::new()),
            // This FilterPushdown handles dynamic filters that may have references to the source ExecutionPlan.
            // Therefore, it should be run at the end of the optimization process since any changes to the plan may break the dynamic filter's references.
            // See `FilterPushdownPhase` for more details.
            Arc::new(FilterPushdown::new_post_optimization()),
            // The SanityCheckPlan rule checks whether the order and
            // distribution requirements of each node in the plan
            // is satisfied. It will also reject non-runnable query
            // plans that use pipeline-breaking operators on infinite
            // input(s). The rule generates a diagnostic error
            // message for invalid plans. It makes no changes to the
            // given query plan; i.e. it only acts as a final
            // gatekeeping rule.
            Arc::new(SanityCheckPlan::new()),
        ];

        Self::with_rules(rules)
    }

    /// Create a new optimizer with the given rules
    pub fn with_rules(rules: Vec<Arc<dyn PhysicalOptimizerRule + Send + Sync>>) -> Self {
        Self { rules }
    }
}
