/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.balancer;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ClusterMetrics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HDFSBlocksDistribution;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.RegionMetrics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerMetrics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RegionInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.TableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.MasterServices;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.assignment.AssignmentManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HRegion;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import org.apache.yetus.audience.InterfaceAudience;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;

/**
 * This will find where data for a region is located in HDFS. It ranks {@link ServerName}'s by the
 * size of the store files they are holding for a given region.
 */
@InterfaceAudience.Private
class RegionLocationFinder {
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RegionLocationFinder.class);
  private static final long CACHE_TIME = 240 * 60 * 1000;
  private static final float EPSILON = 0.0001f;
  private static final HDFSBlocksDistribution EMPTY_BLOCK_DISTRIBUTION =
    new HDFSBlocksDistribution();

  private Configuration conf;
  private volatile ClusterMetrics status;
  private MasterServices services;
  private final ListeningExecutorService executor;
  // Do not scheduleFullRefresh at master startup
  private long lastFullRefresh = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();

  private CacheLoader<RegionInfo, HDFSBlocksDistribution> loader =
    new CacheLoader<RegionInfo, HDFSBlocksDistribution>() {

      @Override
      public ListenableFuture<HDFSBlocksDistribution> reload(final RegionInfo hri,
        HDFSBlocksDistribution oldValue) throws Exception {
        return executor.submit(new Callable<HDFSBlocksDistribution>() {
          @Override
          public HDFSBlocksDistribution call() throws Exception {
            return internalGetTopBlockLocation(hri);
          }
        });
      }

      @Override
      public HDFSBlocksDistribution load(RegionInfo key) throws Exception {
        return internalGetTopBlockLocation(key);
      }
    };

  // The cache for where regions are located.
  private LoadingCache<RegionInfo, HDFSBlocksDistribution> cache = null;

  RegionLocationFinder() {
    this.cache = createCache();
    executor = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5,
      new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).setNameFormat("region-location-%d").build()));
  }

  /**
   * Create a cache for region to list of servers
   * @return A new Cache.
   */
  private LoadingCache<RegionInfo, HDFSBlocksDistribution> createCache() {
    return CacheBuilder.newBuilder().expireAfterWrite(CACHE_TIME, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
      .build(loader);
  }

  public Configuration getConf() {
    return conf;
  }

  public void setConf(Configuration conf) {
    this.conf = conf;
  }

  public void setServices(MasterServices services) {
    this.services = services;
  }

  public void setClusterMetrics(ClusterMetrics status) {
    long currentTime = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();

    if (currentTime > lastFullRefresh + (CACHE_TIME / 2)) {
      this.status = status;
      // Only count the refresh if it includes user tables ( eg more than meta and namespace ).
      lastFullRefresh = scheduleFullRefresh() ? currentTime : lastFullRefresh;
    } else {
      refreshLocalityChangedRegions(this.status, status);
      this.status = status;
    }
  }

  /**
   * If locality for a region has changed, that pretty certainly means our cache is out of date.
   * Compare oldStatus and newStatus, refreshing any regions which have moved or changed locality.
   */
  private void refreshLocalityChangedRegions(ClusterMetrics oldStatus, ClusterMetrics newStatus) {
    if (oldStatus == null || newStatus == null) {
      LOG.debug("Skipping locality-based refresh due to oldStatus={}, newStatus={}", oldStatus,
        newStatus);
      return;
    }

    Map<ServerName, ServerMetrics> oldServers = oldStatus.getLiveServerMetrics();
    Map<ServerName, ServerMetrics> newServers = newStatus.getLiveServerMetrics();

    Map<String, RegionInfo> regionsByName = new HashMap<>(cache.asMap().size());
    for (RegionInfo regionInfo : cache.asMap().keySet()) {
      regionsByName.put(regionInfo.getEncodedName(), regionInfo);
    }

    for (Map.Entry<ServerName, ServerMetrics> serverEntry : newServers.entrySet()) {
      Map<byte[], RegionMetrics> newRegions = serverEntry.getValue().getRegionMetrics();
      for (Map.Entry<byte[], RegionMetrics> regionEntry : newRegions.entrySet()) {
        String encodedName = RegionInfo.encodeRegionName(regionEntry.getKey());
        RegionInfo region = regionsByName.get(encodedName);
        if (region == null) {
          continue;
        }

        float newLocality = regionEntry.getValue().getDataLocality();
        float oldLocality = getOldLocality(serverEntry.getKey(), regionEntry.getKey(), oldServers);

        if (Math.abs(newLocality - oldLocality) > EPSILON) {
          LOG.debug("Locality for region {} changed from {} to {}, refreshing cache",
            region.getEncodedName(), oldLocality, newLocality);
          cache.refresh(region);
        }
      }

    }
  }

  private float getOldLocality(ServerName newServer, byte[] regionName,
    Map<ServerName, ServerMetrics> oldServers) {
    ServerMetrics serverMetrics = oldServers.get(newServer);
    if (serverMetrics == null) {
      return -1f;
    }
    RegionMetrics regionMetrics = serverMetrics.getRegionMetrics().get(regionName);
    if (regionMetrics == null) {
      return -1f;
    }

    return regionMetrics.getDataLocality();
  }

  /**
   * Refresh all the region locations.
   * @return true if user created regions got refreshed.
   */
  private boolean scheduleFullRefresh() {
    // Protect from anything being null while starting up.
    if (services == null) {
      return false;
    }

    final AssignmentManager am = services.getAssignmentManager();
    if (am == null) {
      return false;
    }

    // TODO: Should this refresh all the regions or only the ones assigned?
    boolean includesUserTables = false;
    for (final RegionInfo hri : am.getAssignedRegions()) {
      cache.refresh(hri);
      includesUserTables = includesUserTables || !hri.getTable().isSystemTable();
    }
    return includesUserTables;
  }

  protected List<ServerName> getTopBlockLocations(RegionInfo region) {
    List<String> topHosts = getBlockDistribution(region).getTopHosts();
    return mapHostNameToServerName(topHosts);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an ordered list of hosts which have better locality for this region than the current
   * host.
   */
  protected List<ServerName> getTopBlockLocations(RegionInfo region, String currentHost) {
    HDFSBlocksDistribution blocksDistribution = getBlockDistribution(region);
    List<String> topHosts = new ArrayList<>();
    for (String host : blocksDistribution.getTopHosts()) {
      if (host.equals(currentHost)) {
        break;
      }
      topHosts.add(host);
    }
    return mapHostNameToServerName(topHosts);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an ordered list of hosts that are hosting the blocks for this region. The weight of
   * each host is the sum of the block lengths of all files on that host, so the first host in the
   * list is the server which holds the most bytes of the given region's HFiles.
   * @param region region
   * @return ordered list of hosts holding blocks of the specified region
   */
  protected HDFSBlocksDistribution internalGetTopBlockLocation(RegionInfo region) {
    try {
      TableDescriptor tableDescriptor = getTableDescriptor(region.getTable());
      if (tableDescriptor != null) {
        HDFSBlocksDistribution blocksDistribution =
          HRegion.computeHDFSBlocksDistribution(getConf(), tableDescriptor, region);
        return blocksDistribution;
      }
    } catch (IOException ioe) {
      LOG.warn("IOException during HDFSBlocksDistribution computation for region = {}",
        region.getEncodedName(), ioe);
    }

    return EMPTY_BLOCK_DISTRIBUTION;
  }

  /**
   * return TableDescriptor for a given tableName
   * @param tableName the table name
   */
  protected TableDescriptor getTableDescriptor(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    TableDescriptor tableDescriptor = null;
    try {
      if (this.services != null && this.services.getTableDescriptors() != null) {
        tableDescriptor = this.services.getTableDescriptors().get(tableName);
      }
    } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
      LOG.debug("tableName={}", tableName, fnfe);
    }

    return tableDescriptor;
  }

  /**
   * Map hostname to ServerName, The output ServerName list will have the same order as input hosts.
   * @param hosts the list of hosts
   * @return ServerName list
   */
  List<ServerName> mapHostNameToServerName(List<String> hosts) {
    if (hosts == null || status == null) {
      if (hosts == null) {
        LOG.warn("RegionLocationFinder top hosts is null");
      }
      return Lists.newArrayList();
    }

    List<ServerName> topServerNames = new ArrayList<>();
    Collection<ServerName> regionServers = status.getLiveServerMetrics().keySet();

    // create a mapping from hostname to ServerName for fast lookup
    HashMap<String, List<ServerName>> hostToServerName = new HashMap<>();
    for (ServerName sn : regionServers) {
      String host = sn.getHostname();
      if (!hostToServerName.containsKey(host)) {
        hostToServerName.put(host, new ArrayList<>());
      }
      hostToServerName.get(host).add(sn);
    }

    for (String host : hosts) {
      if (!hostToServerName.containsKey(host)) {
        continue;
      }
      for (ServerName sn : hostToServerName.get(host)) {
        // it is possible that HDFS is up ( thus host is valid ),
        // but RS is down ( thus sn is null )
        if (sn != null) {
          topServerNames.add(sn);
        }
      }
    }
    return topServerNames;
  }

  public HDFSBlocksDistribution getBlockDistribution(RegionInfo hri) {
    HDFSBlocksDistribution blockDistbn = null;
    try {
      if (cache.asMap().containsKey(hri)) {
        blockDistbn = cache.get(hri);
        return blockDistbn;
      } else {
        LOG.trace("HDFSBlocksDistribution not found in cache for {}", hri.getRegionNameAsString());
        blockDistbn = internalGetTopBlockLocation(hri);
        cache.put(hri, blockDistbn);
        return blockDistbn;
      }
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      LOG.warn("Error while fetching cache entry ", e);
      blockDistbn = internalGetTopBlockLocation(hri);
      cache.put(hri, blockDistbn);
      return blockDistbn;
    }
  }

  private ListenableFuture<HDFSBlocksDistribution> asyncGetBlockDistribution(RegionInfo hri) {
    try {
      return loader.reload(hri, EMPTY_BLOCK_DISTRIBUTION);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return Futures.immediateFuture(EMPTY_BLOCK_DISTRIBUTION);
    }
  }

  public void refreshAndWait(Collection<RegionInfo> hris) {
    ArrayList<ListenableFuture<HDFSBlocksDistribution>> regionLocationFutures =
      new ArrayList<>(hris.size());
    for (RegionInfo hregionInfo : hris) {
      regionLocationFutures.add(asyncGetBlockDistribution(hregionInfo));
    }
    int index = 0;
    for (RegionInfo hregionInfo : hris) {
      ListenableFuture<HDFSBlocksDistribution> future = regionLocationFutures.get(index);
      try {
        cache.put(hregionInfo, future.get());
      } catch (InterruptedException ite) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
      } catch (ExecutionException ee) {
        LOG.debug("ExecutionException during HDFSBlocksDistribution computation for region = {}",
          hregionInfo.getEncodedName(), ee);
      }
      index++;
    }
  }

  // For test
  LoadingCache<RegionInfo, HDFSBlocksDistribution> getCache() {
    return cache;
  }
}
